@aztec/pxe 0.0.1-commit.c31f2472 → 0.0.1-commit.c52d6e7

package/src/storage/note_store/note_store.ts

@@ -1,57 +1,88 @@
-import { toArray } from '@aztec/foundation/iterable';
+import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { Semaphore } from '@aztec/foundation/queue';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/schemas';
 import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap, AztecAsyncMultiMap } from '@aztec/kv-store';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import type { DataInBlock } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
-import { NoteDao, NoteStatus, type NotesFilter } from '@aztec/stdlib/note';
+import { NoteDao, NoteStatus } from '@aztec/stdlib/note';
 
 import type { StagedStore } from '../../job_coordinator/job_coordinator.js';
+import type { NotesFilter } from '../../notes_filter.js';
 import { StoredNote } from './stored_note.js';
 
+/// Alias types for kv map readability
+type SiloedNullifier = string;
+type JobId = string;
+type AddressStr = string;
+type BlockNum = number;
+type StoredNoteBuffer = Buffer;
+
 /**
- * NoteStore manages the storage and retrieval of notes.
+ * NoteStore manages the storage and retrieval of notes using an append-only model.
+ *
+ * Notes are written once (keyed by siloedNullifier) and never mutated. They might be deleted in case of reorg though.
+ * Nullifier emissions are recorded as separate append-only entries: a map from nullifier to the number of the block
+ * that emitted it.
  *
- * Notes can be active or nullified. This class processes new notes, nullifications, and performs rollback handling in
- * the case of a reorg.
- **/
+ * Reorgs are handled by delete-on-prune: the `chain-pruned` event triggers deletion of every note and nullifier
+ * originating on a reorg'd block.
+ */
 export class NoteStore implements StagedStore {
   readonly storeName: string = 'note';
 
-  // Note that we use the siloedNullifier as the note id in the store as it's guaranteed to be unique.
+  logger = createLogger('note_store');
+
+  #store: AztecAsyncKVStore;
+
+  // Note that we use the siloedNullifier as the note id in this store as it's guaranteed to be unique.
 
   // Main storage for notes. Avoid performing full scans on it as it contains all notes PXE knows, use
-  // #nullifiersByContractAddress or #nullifiersByNullificationBlockNumber to find relevant note nullifiers that can be
-  // used to read into this map instead.
+  // #nullifiersByContractAddress to find relevant note nullifiers that can be used to read into this map instead.
+  //
   // nullifier => StoredNote (serialized)
-  #notes: AztecAsyncMap<string, Buffer>;
+  #notes: AztecAsyncMap<SiloedNullifier, StoredNoteBuffer>;
 
   // Indexes which notes (via their nullifiers) belong to a contract. Used in `getNotes` to reduce the amount of notes
   // checked.
+  //
   // contract address => nullifier
-  #nullifiersByContractAddress: AztecAsyncMultiMap<string, string>;
+  #notesByContractAddress: AztecAsyncMultiMap<AddressStr, SiloedNullifier>;
 
-  // Groups note nullifiers by the block number they were added to the nullifier tree. Used in `rollback` to handle
-  // re-orgs.
-  // block number => nullifier (block number in which nullifier is included)
-  #nullifiersByNullificationBlockNumber: AztecAsyncMultiMap<number, string>;
+  // block number => nullifier
+  #notesByBlockNumber: AztecAsyncMultiMap<BlockNum, SiloedNullifier>;
+
+  // Records, for each nullified note, the block number where its nullifier was emitted.
+  // nullifier => emission block number
+  #nullifierEmissions: AztecAsyncMap<SiloedNullifier, BlockNum>;
+
+  // Index of emitted nullifiers by block height, used for performance reasons upon reorgs.
+  // nullification block number => nullifier
+  #nullifierEmissionsByBlockNumber: AztecAsyncMultiMap<BlockNum, SiloedNullifier>;
 
   // In-memory changes performed during a not-yet committed job. When `commit` is called with said job's id, these
   // changes are persisted in the DB maps specified above and cleared.
-  // jobId => nullifier => StoredNote (serialized)
-  #notesForJob: Map<string, Map<string, StoredNote>>;
+  // jobId => nullifier => StoredNote
+  #notesForJob: Map<JobId, Map<SiloedNullifier, StoredNote>>;
+
+  // Staged nullifier emissions per job.
+  // jobId => nullifier => emission block number
+  #nullifierEmissionsForJob: Map<JobId, Map<SiloedNullifier, BlockNum>>;
 
   // Per job locks to prevent multiple concurrent writes to affect each other.
   // jobId => lock
-  #jobLocks: Map<string, Semaphore>;
+  #jobLocks: Map<JobId, Semaphore>;
 
   constructor(store: AztecAsyncKVStore) {
+    this.#store = store;
     this.#notes = store.openMap('notes');
-    this.#nullifiersByContractAddress = store.openMultiMap('note_nullifiers_by_contract');
-    this.#nullifiersByNullificationBlockNumber = store.openMultiMap('note_block_number_to_nullifier');
+    this.#notesByContractAddress = store.openMultiMap('note_nullifiers_by_contract');
+    this.#notesByBlockNumber = store.openMultiMap('note_nullifiers_by_block');
+    this.#nullifierEmissions = store.openMap('note_nullifications_by_nullifier');
+    this.#nullifierEmissionsByBlockNumber = store.openMultiMap('note_nullifications_by_block');
 
     this.#jobLocks = new Map();
     this.#notesForJob = new Map();
+    this.#nullifierEmissionsForJob = new Map();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -65,269 +96,251 @@ export class NoteStore implements StagedStore {
    * @param jobId - The job context for staged writes
    */
   public addNotes(notes: NoteDao[], scope: AztecAddress, jobId: string): Promise<void[]> {
-    return this.#withJobLock(jobId, () => Promise.all(notes.map(noteDao => this.#addNote(noteDao, scope, jobId))));
-  }
-
-  async #addNote(note: NoteDao, scope: AztecAddress, jobId: string) {
-    const noteForJob =
-      (await this.#readNote(note.siloedNullifier.toString(), jobId)) ?? new StoredNote(note, new Set());
-
-    // Make sure the note is linked to the scope and staged for this job
-    noteForJob.addScope(scope.toString());
-    this.#writeNote(noteForJob, jobId);
+    return this.#withJobLock(jobId, () =>
+      this.#store.transactionAsync(() =>
+        Promise.all(
+          notes.map(async note => {
+            const noteForJob =
+              (await this.#readNote(note.siloedNullifier.toString(), jobId)) ?? new StoredNote(note, new Set());
+            noteForJob.addScope(scope.toString());
+            this.#writeNote(noteForJob, jobId);
+          }),
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
   }
 
   async #readNote(nullifier: string, jobId: string): Promise<StoredNote | undefined> {
-    // First check staged notes for this job
-    const noteForJob = this.#getNotesForJob(jobId).get(nullifier);
-    if (noteForJob) {
-      return noteForJob;
-    }
-
-    // Then check persistent storage
+    // Always issue DB read to keep IndexedDB transaction alive (they auto-commit when a new micro-task starts and there
+    // are no pending read requests). The staged value still takes precedence if it exists.
     const noteBuffer = await this.#notes.getAsync(nullifier);
-    if (noteBuffer) {
-      return StoredNote.fromBuffer(noteBuffer);
-    }
-
-    return undefined;
+    const noteForJob = this.#getNotesForJob(jobId).get(nullifier);
+    return noteForJob ?? (noteBuffer ? StoredNote.fromBuffer(noteBuffer) : undefined);
   }
 
   #writeNote(note: StoredNote, jobId: string) {
     this.#getNotesForJob(jobId).set(note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString(), note);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Reads the block number at which a note's nullifier was emitted, layering the current job's staged emission over
+   * committed state, the nullifier emission counterpart to {@link #readNote}. Returns the emission block number if the
+   * nullifier has been emitted (committed or staged in this job), or `undefined` if it has not.
+   */
+  async #readNullifierEmission(nullifier: string, jobId: string): Promise<number | undefined> {
+    // Always issue the DB read to keep the IndexedDB transaction alive (see #readNote); the staged emission still takes
+    // precedence if present.
+    const committed = await this.#nullifierEmissions.getAsync(nullifier);
+    const staged = this.#getNullifierEmissionsForJob(jobId).get(nullifier);
+    return staged ?? committed;
+  }
+
+  #writeNullifierEmission(nullifier: string, blockNumber: BlockNum, jobId: string): void {
+    this.#getNullifierEmissionsForJob(jobId).set(nullifier, blockNumber);
+  }
+
   /**
    * Retrieves notes based on the provided filter criteria.
    *
-   * This method queries both active and optionally nullified notes based on the filter parameters.
+   * A note is considered nullified iff its corresponding nullifier emission has been recorded.
+   *
+   * All DB reads are kicked off before any await so IndexedDB does not auto-commit the transaction mid-read.
    *
    * @param filter - Filter criteria including contractAddress (required), and optional owner,
    *                 storageSlot, status, scopes, and siloedNullifier.
-   * @params jobId - the job context to read from.
-   * @returns Filtered and deduplicated notes (a note might be present in multiple scopes - we ensure it is only
-   * returned once if this is the case)
-   * @throws If filtering by an empty scopes array. Scopes have to be set to undefined or to a non-empty array.
+   * @param jobId - the job context to read from.
+   * @returns Filtered and deduplicated notes (a note might be present in multiple scopes, but returned at most once)
    */
-  async getNotes(filter: NotesFilter, jobId: string): Promise<NoteDao[]> {
-    if (filter.scopes !== undefined && filter.scopes.length === 0) {
-      throw new Error('Trying to get notes with an empty scopes array');
+  getNotes(filter: NotesFilter, jobId: string): Promise<NoteDao[]> {
+    if (filter.scopes.length === 0) {
+      return Promise.resolve([]);
     }
 
-    const targetStatus = filter.status ?? NoteStatus.ACTIVE;
-
-    const foundNotes: Map<string, NoteDao> = new Map();
-
-    const nullifiersOfContract = await this.#nullifiersOfContract(filter.contractAddress, jobId);
-    for (const nullifier of nullifiersOfContract) {
-      const note = await this.#readNote(nullifier, jobId);
-
-      // Defensive: hitting this case means we're mishandling contract indices or in-memory job data
-      if (!note) {
-        throw new Error('PXE note database is corrupted.');
+    return this.#store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      const targetStatus = filter.status ?? NoteStatus.ACTIVE;
+
+      // Collect note-read and nullifier-emission-read promises together in one map so all DB reads are in-flight
+      // before any await. This keeps the IndexedDB transaction alive (IndexedDB auto-commits when a new micro-task
+      // starts with no pending read requests), so both promises must be started during the synchronous iteration.
+      const candidates = new Map<
+        string,
+        { notePromise: Promise<StoredNote | undefined>; nullificationPromise: Promise<number | undefined> }
+      >();
+
+      // Committed notes indexed by contract address
+      for await (const nullifier of this.#notesByContractAddress.getValuesAsync(filter.contractAddress.toString())) {
+        candidates.set(nullifier, {
+          notePromise: this.#readNote(nullifier, jobId),
+          nullificationPromise: this.#readNullifierEmission(nullifier, jobId),
+        });
       }
 
-      // Apply filters
-      if (targetStatus === NoteStatus.ACTIVE && note.isNullified()) {
-        continue;
-      }
-
-      if (filter.owner && !note.noteDao.owner.equals(filter.owner)) {
-        continue;
+      // Staged notes from the current job (not yet committed to the DB index)
+      for (const storedNote of this.#getNotesForJob(jobId).values()) {
+        if (storedNote.noteDao.contractAddress.equals(filter.contractAddress)) {
+          const nullifier = storedNote.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString();
+          if (!candidates.has(nullifier)) {
+            candidates.set(nullifier, {
+              notePromise: Promise.resolve(storedNote),
+              nullificationPromise: this.#readNullifierEmission(nullifier, jobId),
+            });
+          }
+        }
       }
 
-      if (filter.storageSlot && !note.noteDao.storageSlot.equals(filter.storageSlot)) {
-        continue;
-      }
+      // Await all DB reads together before the await-free tail.
+      const entries = [...candidates.entries()];
+      const notes = await Promise.all(entries.map(([, { notePromise }]) => notePromise));
+      const nullifierEmissions = await Promise.all(entries.map(([, { nullificationPromise }]) => nullificationPromise));
 
-      if (filter.siloedNullifier && !note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.equals(filter.siloedNullifier)) {
-        continue;
+      // Await-free tail: filter and sort. No DB ops from here on.
+      // Build a lookup: nullifier => emission block number
+      const emissionByNullifier = new Map<string, number | undefined>();
+      for (let i = 0; i < entries.length; i++) {
+        emissionByNullifier.set(entries[i][0], nullifierEmissions[i]);
       }
 
-      if (filter.scopes && note.scopes.intersection(new Set(filter.scopes.map(s => s.toString()))).size === 0) {
-        continue;
-      }
+      const foundNotes: Map<string, NoteDao> = new Map();
 
-      foundNotes.set(note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString(), note.noteDao);
-    }
+      for (const note of notes) {
+        // Defensive: hitting this case means we're mishandling contract indices or in-memory job data
+        if (!note) {
+          throw new Error('PXE note database is corrupted.');
+        }
 
-    // Sort by block number, then by tx index within block, then by note index within tx
-    return [...foundNotes.values()].sort((a, b) => {
-      if (a.l2BlockNumber !== b.l2BlockNumber) {
-        return a.l2BlockNumber - b.l2BlockNumber;
-      }
-      if (a.txIndexInBlock !== b.txIndexInBlock) {
-        return a.txIndexInBlock - b.txIndexInBlock;
-      }
-      return a.noteIndexInTx - b.noteIndexInTx;
-    });
-  }
+        // A note is nullified once its nullifier emission has been recorded (committed or staged in this job).
+        const nullified = emissionByNullifier.get(note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString()) !== undefined;
 
-  /**
-   * Transitions notes from "active" to "nullified" state.
-   *
-   * This operation processes a batch of nullifiers to mark the corresponding notes as spent/nullified.
-   * The operation is atomic - if any nullifier is not found, the entire operation fails and no notes are modified.
-   *
-   * applyNullifiers is idempotent: the same nullifier can be applied multiple times without error.
-   * This relaxes constraints on usage of NoteService#validateAndStoreNote, which can then be run concurrently in a Promise.all
-   * context without risking unnecessarily defensive checks failing.
-   *
-   * @param nullifiers - Array of nullifiers with their block numbers to process
-   * @param jobId - The job context for staged writes
-   * @returns Array of NoteDao objects that were nullified
-   * @throws Error if any nullifier is not found in this notes store
-   */
-  applyNullifiers(nullifiers: DataInBlock<Fr>[], jobId: string): Promise<NoteDao[]> {
-    return this.#withJobLock(jobId, async () => {
-      if (nullifiers.length === 0) {
-        return [];
-      }
-
-      const notesToNullify = await Promise.all(
-        nullifiers.map(async nullifierInBlock => {
-          const nullifier = nullifierInBlock.data.toString();
+        if (targetStatus === NoteStatus.ACTIVE && nullified) {
+          continue;
+        }
 
-          const storedNote = await this.#readNote(nullifier, jobId);
-          if (!storedNote) {
-            throw new Error(`Attempted to mark a note as nullified which does not exist in PXE DB`);
-          }
+        if (filter.owner && !note.noteDao.owner.equals(filter.owner)) {
+          continue;
+        }
 
-          return { storedNote: await this.#readNote(nullifier, jobId), blockNumber: nullifierInBlock.l2BlockNumber };
-        }),
-      );
+        if (filter.storageSlot && !note.noteDao.storageSlot.equals(filter.storageSlot)) {
+          continue;
+        }
 
-      const notesNullifiedInThisCall: Map<string, NoteDao> = new Map();
-      for (const noteToNullify of notesToNullify) {
-        // Safe to coerce (!) because we throw if we find any undefined above
-        const note = noteToNullify.storedNote!;
+        if (filter.siloedNullifier && !note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.equals(filter.siloedNullifier)) {
+          continue;
+        }
 
-        // Skip already nullified notes
-        if (note.isNullified()) {
+        if (note.scopes.intersection(new Set(filter.scopes.map(s => s.toString()))).size === 0) {
           continue;
         }
 
-        note.markAsNullified(noteToNullify.blockNumber);
-        this.#writeNote(note, jobId);
-        notesNullifiedInThisCall.set(note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString(), note.noteDao);
+        foundNotes.set(note.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString(), note.noteDao);
       }
 
-      return [...notesNullifiedInThisCall.values()];
+      // Sort by block number, then by tx index within block, then by note index within tx
+      return [...foundNotes.values()].sort((a, b) => {
+        if (a.l2BlockNumber !== b.l2BlockNumber) {
+          return a.l2BlockNumber - b.l2BlockNumber;
+        }
+        if (a.txIndexInBlock !== b.txIndexInBlock) {
+          return a.txIndexInBlock - b.txIndexInBlock;
+        }
+        return a.noteIndexInTx - b.noteIndexInTx;
+      });
     });
   }
 
   /**
-   * Synchronizes notes and nullifiers to a specific block number.
+   * Records emission of the given siloed nullifiers, which causes notes to be considered nullified.
+   *
+   * Each nullifier gets an append-only entry recording the block number at which it was emitted.
    *
-   * This method ensures that the state of notes and nullifiers is consistent with the specified block number.
-   * It restores any notes that were nullified after the given block and deletes any active notes created after that
-   * block.
+   * Every nullifier passed must correspond to a note already present in this store. Callers only apply nullifiers for
+   * notes of scopes they track, and a note is always discovered before the nullifier that spends it, so a nullifier
+   * with no matching note signals a bug (broken nonce/index discovery, a sync-ordering error, store corruption, etc).
    *
-   * IMPORTANT: This method must be called within a transaction to ensure atomicity.
+   * `applyNullifiers` is idempotent: a nullifier whose emission is already recorded (committed or staged in this job) is
+   * skipped, so re-applying it neither re-writes the emission, changes note visibility, nor appears in the result.
    *
-   * @param blockNumber - The new chain tip after a reorg
-   * @param synchedBlockNumber - The block number up to which PXE managed to sync before the reorg happened.
+   * @param siloedNullifiers - Array of nullifiers with their block locations to record
+   * @param jobId - The job context for staged writes
+   * @returns The notes that transition from active to nullified in this call; already-nullified notes are skipped, so
+   *          a repeat application returns an empty array.
+   * @throws If any nullifier has no matching note in this store, or was emitted at block 0.
    */
-  public async rollback(blockNumber: number, synchedBlockNumber: number): Promise<void> {
-    if (this.#notesForJob.size > 0) {
-      throw new Error('PXE note store rollback is not allowed while jobs are running');
+  applyNullifiers(siloedNullifiers: DataInBlock<Fr>[], jobId: string): Promise<NoteDao[]> {
+    if (siloedNullifiers.length === 0) {
+      return Promise.resolve([]);
     }
-    await this.#rewindNullifiedNotesAfterBlock(blockNumber, synchedBlockNumber);
-    await this.#deleteActiveNotesAfterBlock(blockNumber);
-  }
 
-  /**
-   * Deletes (removes) all notes created after the specified block number.
-   *
-   * Permanently delete notes from the notes store, e.g. during a reorg.
-   *
-   * @param blockNumber - Notes created after this block number will be deleted
-   */
-  async #deleteActiveNotesAfterBlock(blockNumber: number): Promise<void> {
-    const notes = await toArray(this.#notes.valuesAsync());
-    for (const noteBuffer of notes) {
-      const storedNote = StoredNote.fromBuffer(noteBuffer);
-      if (storedNote.noteDao.l2BlockNumber > blockNumber) {
-        const noteNullifier = storedNote.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString();
-        await this.#notes.delete(noteNullifier);
-        await this.#nullifiersByContractAddress.deleteValue(
-          storedNote.noteDao.contractAddress.toString(),
-          noteNullifier,
-        );
-      }
+    if (siloedNullifiers.some(n => n.l2BlockNumber === 0)) {
+      return Promise.reject(new Error('applyNullifiers: nullifiers cannot have been emitted at block 0'));
     }
+
+    return this.#withJobLock(jobId, () =>
+      this.#store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+        // Kick off the note read and the existing-emission read together during the synchronous map so all are in
+        // flight before the first await, which keeps the IndexedDB transaction alive.
+        const resolved = await Promise.all(
+          siloedNullifiers.map(async nullifier => {
+            const key = nullifier.data.toString();
+            const [storedNote, existingEmission] = await Promise.all([
+              this.#readNote(key, jobId),
+              this.#readNullifierEmission(key, jobId),
+            ]);
+            if (!storedNote) {
+              throw new Error(`Attempted to mark a note as nullified which does not exist in PXE DB: ${key}`);
+            }
+            return { nullifier, storedNote, alreadyEmitted: existingEmission !== undefined };
+          }),
+        );
+
+        // Await-free tail: record an emission only for notes not already nullified, and return exactly those that
+        // transition active -> nullified in this call.
+        const affected: NoteDao[] = [];
+        for (const { nullifier, storedNote, alreadyEmitted } of resolved) {
+          if (alreadyEmitted) {
+            continue;
+          }
+          this.#writeNullifierEmission(nullifier.data.toString(), nullifier.l2BlockNumber, jobId);
+          affected.push(storedNote.noteDao);
+        }
+
+        return affected;
+      }),
+    );
   }
 
   /**
-   * Rewinds nullifications after a given block number.
+   * Commits in-memory job data to persistent storage.
+   *
+   * Called by JobCoordinator when a job completes successfully.
    *
-   * This operation "un-nullifies" notes, rolling back nullifications that occurred in orphaned blocks, e.g. during a
-   * reorg.
+   * Note: JobCoordinator wraps all commits in a single transaction, so we don't need our own transactionAsync here
+   * (and using one would throw on IndexedDB as it does not support nested txs).
    *
-   * @param blockNumber - Revert nullifications that occurred after this block
-   * @param anchorBlockNumber - Upper bound for the block range to process
+   * @param jobId - The jobId identifying which staged data to commit
    */
-  async #rewindNullifiedNotesAfterBlock(blockNumber: number, anchorBlockNumber: number): Promise<void> {
-    const currentBlockNumber = blockNumber + 1;
-    for (let i = currentBlockNumber; i <= anchorBlockNumber; i++) {
-      const noteNullifiersToReinsert: string[] = await toArray(
-        this.#nullifiersByNullificationBlockNumber.getValuesAsync(i),
-      );
-
-      const nullifiedNoteBuffers = await Promise.all(
-        noteNullifiersToReinsert.map(async noteNullifier => {
-          const note = await this.#notes.getAsync(noteNullifier);
-
-          if (!note) {
-            throw new Error(`PXE DB integrity error: no note found with nullifier ${noteNullifier}`);
-          }
-
-          return note;
-        }),
-      );
-
-      const storedNotes = nullifiedNoteBuffers.map(buffer => StoredNote.fromBuffer(buffer));
-
-      for (const storedNote of storedNotes) {
-        const noteNullifier = storedNote.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString();
-        const scopes = storedNote.scopes;
-
-        if (scopes.size === 0) {
-          // We should never run into this error because notes always have a scope assigned to them - either on initial
-          // insertion via `addNotes` or when removing their nullifiers.
-          throw new Error(`No scopes found for nullified note with nullifier ${noteNullifier}`);
-        }
-
-        storedNote.markAsActive();
-
-        await Promise.all([
-          this.#notes.set(noteNullifier, storedNote.toBuffer()),
-          this.#nullifiersByNullificationBlockNumber.deleteValue(i, noteNullifier),
-        ]);
-      }
+  async commit(jobId: string): Promise<void> {
+    for (const [nullifier, storedNote] of this.#getNotesForJob(jobId)) {
+      await this.#notes.set(nullifier, storedNote.toBuffer());
+      await this.#notesByContractAddress.set(storedNote.noteDao.contractAddress.toString(), nullifier);
+      await this.#notesByBlockNumber.set(storedNote.noteDao.l2BlockNumber, nullifier);
     }
-  }
 
-  commit(jobId: string): Promise<void> {
-    return this.#withJobLock(jobId, async () => {
-      for (const [nullifier, storedNote] of this.#getNotesForJob(jobId)) {
-        await this.#notes.set(nullifier, storedNote.toBuffer());
-        await this.#nullifiersByContractAddress.set(storedNote.noteDao.contractAddress.toString(), nullifier);
-        if (storedNote.nullifiedAt !== undefined) {
-          await this.#nullifiersByNullificationBlockNumber.set(storedNote.nullifiedAt, nullifier);
-        }
-      }
+    for (const [nullifier, blockNumber] of this.#getNullifierEmissionsForJob(jobId)) {
+      await this.#nullifierEmissions.set(nullifier, blockNumber);
+      await this.#nullifierEmissionsByBlockNumber.set(blockNumber, nullifier);
+    }
 
-      this.#clearJobData(jobId);
-    });
+    this.#clearJobData(jobId);
   }
 
   discardStaged(jobId: string): Promise<void> {
-    return this.#withJobLock(jobId, () => Promise.resolve(this.#clearJobData(jobId)));
+    this.#clearJobData(jobId);
+    return Promise.resolve();
   }
 
   #clearJobData(jobId: string) {
     this.#notesForJob.delete(jobId);
+    this.#nullifierEmissionsForJob.delete(jobId);
     this.#jobLocks.delete(jobId);
   }
 
@@ -359,18 +372,83 @@ export class NoteStore implements StagedStore {
     return notesForJob;
   }
 
-  async #nullifiersOfContract(contractAddress: AztecAddress, jobId: string): Promise<Set<string>> {
-    // Collect persisted nullifiers for this contract
-    const persistedNullifiers: string[] = await toArray(
-      this.#nullifiersByContractAddress.getValuesAsync(contractAddress.toString()),
+  #getNullifierEmissionsForJob(jobId: string): Map<string, BlockNum> {
+    let nullificationsForJob = this.#nullifierEmissionsForJob.get(jobId);
+    if (!nullificationsForJob) {
+      nullificationsForJob = new Map();
+      this.#nullifierEmissionsForJob.set(jobId, nullificationsForJob);
+    }
+    return nullificationsForJob;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the nullifiers (note ids) of all notes created at the given block number. Used by delete-on-prune. */
+  public async nullifiersOfNotesAtBlock(blockNumber: number): Promise<string[]> {
+    const nullifiers: string[] = [];
+    for await (const nullifier of this.#notesByBlockNumber.getValuesAsync(blockNumber)) {
+      nullifiers.push(nullifier);
+    }
+    return nullifiers;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Rolls the store back to `toBlock`: deletes every note and nullifier emission originating on a block strictly above
+   * it, as if nothing past that block height ever happened. Used to retract notes and nullifiers on a reorg.
+   *
+   * Must be called inside a transaction owned by the caller (it issues no `transactionAsync` of its own, because the
+   * reorg path wraps it together with other store operations, and IndexedDB has no nested transaction support).
+   *
+   * Throws if any job has uncommitted staged writes, since rolling back mid-job could later re-introduce notes or
+   * nullifier emissions anchored to deleted blocks.
+   */
+  public async rollback(toBlock: number): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.#notesForJob.size > 0 || this.#nullifierEmissionsForJob.size > 0) {
+      throw new Error('PXE note store rollback is not allowed while jobs are running');
+    }
+    // Snapshot the orphaned (block, nullifier) pairs before mutating so we never delete from the cursor we are
+    // iterating. Scanning from `toBlock + 1` upward covers everything above the rollback target without needing to know
+    // the chain tip. Each nullifier's rows are independent (nullifiers are globally unique), so the deletes run
+    // concurrently. Keeping requests in flight also prevents the IndexedDB transaction from auto-committing mid-way.
+    const orphanedNotes: { block: number; siloedNullifier: string }[] = [];
+
+    for await (const [block, siloedNullifier] of this.#notesByBlockNumber.entriesAsync({ start: toBlock + 1 })) {
+      orphanedNotes.push({ block, siloedNullifier });
+    }
+
+    let removedNotes = 0;
+    await Promise.all(
+      orphanedNotes.map(async ({ block, siloedNullifier }) => {
+        const buf = await this.#notes.getAsync(siloedNullifier);
+        if (!buf) {
+          throw new Error(`Note not found for siloedNullifier ${siloedNullifier}`);
+        }
+        const stored = StoredNote.fromBuffer(buf);
+        await this.#notes.delete(siloedNullifier);
+        await this.#notesByContractAddress.deleteValue(stored.noteDao.contractAddress.toString(), siloedNullifier);
+        await this.#notesByBlockNumber.deleteValue(block, siloedNullifier);
+        removedNotes++;
+      }),
     );
 
-    // Collect staged nullifiers from the job where the note's contract matches
-    const stagedNullifiers = this.#getNotesForJob(jobId)
-      .values()
-      .filter(storedNote => storedNote.noteDao.contractAddress.equals(contractAddress))
-      .map(storedNote => storedNote.noteDao.siloedNullifier.toString());
+    // Same procedure, with nullifier emissions
+    const orphanedEmissions: { block: number; siloedNullifier: string }[] = [];
+
+    for await (const [block, siloedNullifier] of this.#nullifierEmissionsByBlockNumber.entriesAsync({
+      start: toBlock + 1,
+    })) {
+      orphanedEmissions.push({ block, siloedNullifier });
+    }
+
+    await Promise.all(
+      orphanedEmissions.map(async ({ block, siloedNullifier }) => {
+        await this.#nullifierEmissions.delete(siloedNullifier);
+        await this.#nullifierEmissionsByBlockNumber.deleteValue(block, siloedNullifier);
+      }),
+    );
 
-    return new Set([...persistedNullifiers, ...stagedNullifiers]);
+    this.logger.verbose('rolled back notes and nullifier emissions', {
+      removedNotes,
+      removedNullifierEmissions: orphanedEmissions.length,
+      toBlock,
+    });
   }
 }