@aztec/pxe 0.0.1-commit.b655e406 → 0.0.1-commit.b8a057fa

package/src/private_kernel/private_kernel_execution_prover.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
-import { vkAsFieldsMegaHonk } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
-import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { CircuitKind } from '@aztec/bb.js';
+import { MAX_APPS_PER_KERNEL } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { uniqueBy } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import { vkAsFields } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/keys';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { pushTestData } from '@aztec/foundation/testing';
 import { Timer } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { getVKTreeRoot } from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/vk-tree';
@@ -16,25 +19,36 @@ import {
   PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs,
   PrivateKernelData,
   type PrivateKernelExecutionProofOutput,
+  PrivateKernelInit2CircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInit3CircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInit4CircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInit5CircuitPrivateInputs,
   PrivateKernelInitCircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInner2CircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInner3CircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInner4CircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelInner5CircuitPrivateInputs,
   PrivateKernelInnerCircuitPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateKernelResetTailCircuitPrivateInputs,
   type PrivateKernelSimulateOutput,
-  PrivateKernelTailCircuitPrivateInputs,
   type PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs,
   PrivateVerificationKeyHints,
+  type UpdatedClassIdHints,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/kernel';
 import { ChonkProof, ChonkProofWithPublicInputs } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
 import {
   type PrivateCallExecutionResult,
   type PrivateExecutionResult,
   TxRequest,
-  collectNoteHashLeafIndexMap,
+  collectNested,
   collectNoteHashNullifierCounterMap,
   getFinalMinRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { VerificationKeyAsFields, VerificationKeyData, VkData } from '@aztec/stdlib/vks';
 
-import { PrivateKernelResetPrivateInputsBuilder } from './hints/build_private_kernel_reset_private_inputs.js';
+import { BatchPlanner } from './batch_planner.js';
+import { computeTxExpirationTimestamp } from './hints/compute_tx_expiration_timestamp.js';
+import { PrivateKernelResetPrivateInputsBuilder } from './hints/private_kernel_reset_private_inputs_builder.js';
 import type { PrivateKernelOracle } from './private_kernel_oracle.js';
 
 const NULL_SIMULATE_OUTPUT: PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs> = {
@@ -57,13 +71,17 @@ export interface PrivateKernelExecutionProverConfig {
  * inform state tree updates.
  */
 export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
-  private log = createLogger('pxe:private-kernel-execution-prover');
+  private log: Logger;
 
   constructor(
     private oracle: PrivateKernelOracle,
     private proofCreator: PrivateKernelProver,
     private fakeProofs = false,
-  ) {}
+    bindings?: LoggerBindings,
+    private maxBatchSize: number = MAX_APPS_PER_KERNEL,
+  ) {
+    this.log = createLogger('pxe:private-kernel-execution-prover', bindings);
+  }
 
   /**
    * Generate a proof for a given transaction request and execution result.
@@ -101,11 +119,16 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
 
     const executionSteps: PrivateExecutionStep[] = [];
 
-    const noteHashLeafIndexMap = collectNoteHashLeafIndexMap(executionResult);
     const noteHashNullifierCounterMap = collectNoteHashNullifierCounterMap(executionResult);
-    const validationRequestsSplitCounter = isPrivateOnlyTx
-      ? 0
-      : getFinalMinRevertibleSideEffectCounter(executionResult);
+    const minRevertibleSideEffectCounter = getFinalMinRevertibleSideEffectCounter(executionResult);
+    const splitCounter = isPrivateOnlyTx ? 0 : minRevertibleSideEffectCounter;
+
+    // Each kernel iteration absorbs up to `maxBatchSize` apps. The planner walks the upcoming
+    // apps and decides where the next reset must fall by using an accumulator and
+    // reusing the existing single-app `needsReset()` check.
+    const planner = new BatchPlanner(noteHashNullifierCounterMap, splitCounter, this.maxBatchSize);
+
+    const updatedClassIdHintsMap = await this.prefetchUpdatedClassIdHints(executionResult);
 
     while (executionStack.length) {
       if (!firstIteration) {
@@ -113,11 +136,12 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
           output,
           executionStack,
           noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
-          validationRequestsSplitCounter,
+          splitCounter,
         );
         while (resetBuilder.needsReset()) {
+          // Inner reset: without siloing.
           const witgenTimer = new Timer();
-          const privateInputs = await resetBuilder.build(this.oracle, noteHashLeafIndexMap);
+          const privateInputs = await resetBuilder.build(this.oracle);
           output = generateWitnesses
             ? await this.proofCreator.generateResetOutput(privateInputs)
             : await this.proofCreator.simulateReset(privateInputs);
@@ -126,6 +150,7 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
             bytecode: output.bytecode,
             witness: output.outputWitness,
             vk: output.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
+            kind: CircuitKind.Kernel,
             timings: {
               witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
             },
@@ -134,117 +159,43 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
             output,
             executionStack,
             noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
-            validationRequestsSplitCounter,
+            splitCounter,
           );
         }
       }
 
-      const currentExecution = executionStack.pop()!;
-
-      executionStack.push(...[...currentExecution.nestedExecutionResults].reverse());
-
-      const functionName = await this.oracle.getDebugFunctionName(
-        currentExecution.publicInputs.callContext.contractAddress,
-        currentExecution.publicInputs.callContext.functionSelector,
-      );
+      const batchSize = planner.decideBatchSize(output.publicInputs, executionStack);
+      const apps: PrivateCallData[] = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < batchSize; i++) {
+        apps.push(await this.consumeNextApp(executionStack, executionSteps, updatedClassIdHintsMap));
+      }
 
-      executionSteps.push({
-        functionName: functionName!,
-        bytecode: currentExecution.acir,
-        witness: currentExecution.partialWitness,
-        vk: currentExecution.vk,
-        timings: {
-          witgen: currentExecution.profileResult?.timings.witgen ?? 0,
-          oracles: currentExecution.profileResult?.timings.oracles,
-        },
+      output = await this.runBatchedKernel({
+        apps,
+        firstIteration,
+        previousOutput: output,
+        txRequest,
+        isPrivateOnlyTx,
+        minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+        executionSteps,
+        generateWitnesses,
       });
 
-      const privateCallData = await this.createPrivateCallData(currentExecution);
-
-      if (firstIteration) {
-        const witgenTimer = new Timer();
-
-        const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInitCircuitPrivateInputs(
-          txRequest,
-          getVKTreeRoot(),
-          ProtocolContractsList,
-          privateCallData,
-          isPrivateOnlyTx,
-          executionResult.firstNullifier,
-        );
-        this.log.debug(
-          `Calling private kernel init with isPrivateOnly ${isPrivateOnlyTx} and firstNullifierHint ${proofInput.firstNullifierHint}`,
-        );
-
-        pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-init', proofInput);
-
-        output = generateWitnesses
-          ? await this.proofCreator.generateInitOutput(proofInput)
-          : await this.proofCreator.simulateInit(proofInput);
-
-        executionSteps.push({
-          functionName: 'private_kernel_init',
-          bytecode: output.bytecode,
-          witness: output.outputWitness,
-          vk: output.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
-          timings: {
-            witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
-          },
-        });
-      } else {
-        const witgenTimer = new Timer();
-        const vkData = await this.getVkData(output.verificationKey);
-        const previousKernelData = new PrivateKernelData(output.publicInputs, vkData);
-        const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInnerCircuitPrivateInputs(previousKernelData, privateCallData);
-
-        pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-inner', proofInput);
-        output = generateWitnesses
-          ? await this.proofCreator.generateInnerOutput(proofInput)
-          : await this.proofCreator.simulateInner(proofInput);
-
-        executionSteps.push({
-          functionName: 'private_kernel_inner',
-          bytecode: output.bytecode,
-          witness: output.outputWitness,
-          vk: output.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
-          timings: {
-            witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
-          },
-        });
-      }
       firstIteration = false;
     }
 
-    // Reset.
-    let resetBuilder = new PrivateKernelResetPrivateInputsBuilder(
+    // Terminal reset+tail. The final reset must be performed exactly once because each tx has at
+    // least one nullifier that requires siloing, and siloing cannot be done multiple times.
+    const finalResetBuilder = new PrivateKernelResetPrivateInputsBuilder(
       output,
       [],
       noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
-      validationRequestsSplitCounter,
+      splitCounter,
     );
-    while (resetBuilder.needsReset()) {
-      const witgenTimer = new Timer();
-      const privateInputs = await resetBuilder.build(this.oracle, noteHashLeafIndexMap);
-      output = generateWitnesses
-        ? await this.proofCreator.generateResetOutput(privateInputs)
-        : await this.proofCreator.simulateReset(privateInputs);
-
-      executionSteps.push({
-        functionName: 'private_kernel_reset',
-        bytecode: output.bytecode,
-        witness: output.outputWitness,
-        vk: output.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
-        timings: {
-          witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
-        },
-      });
-
-      resetBuilder = new PrivateKernelResetPrivateInputsBuilder(
-        output,
-        [],
-        noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
-        validationRequestsSplitCounter,
-      );
+    if (!finalResetBuilder.needsReset()) {
+      // Siloing for note hashes, nullifiers, and private logs is dimensioned as one terminal reset.
+      // Refer to the possible combinations of dimensions in private_kernel_reset_config.json.
+      throw new Error('Nothing to reset for the final reset.');
     }
 
     if (output.publicInputs.feePayer.isZero() && skipFeeEnforcement) {
@@ -253,50 +204,46 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
       }
       output.publicInputs.feePayer = new AztecAddress(Fr.MAX_FIELD_VALUE);
     }
-    // Private tail.
-    const vkData = await this.getVkData(output.verificationKey);
-    const previousKernelData = new PrivateKernelData(output.publicInputs, vkData);
-
-    this.log.debug(
-      `Calling private kernel tail with hwm ${previousKernelData.publicInputs.minRevertibleSideEffectCounter}`,
-    );
 
     // TODO: Enable padding once we better understand the final amounts to pad to.
     const paddedSideEffectAmounts = PaddedSideEffectAmounts.empty();
 
-    // Use the aggregated includeByTimestamp set throughout the tx execution.
-    // TODO: Call `computeTxIncludeByTimestamp` to round the value down and reduce precision, improving privacy.
-    const includeByTimestampUpperBound = previousKernelData.publicInputs.includeByTimestamp;
-    const anchorBlockTimestamp = previousKernelData.publicInputs.constants.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.timestamp;
-    if (includeByTimestampUpperBound <= anchorBlockTimestamp) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Include-by timestamp must be greater than the anchor block timestamp. Anchor block timestamp: ${anchorBlockTimestamp}. Include-by timestamp: ${includeByTimestampUpperBound}.`,
-      );
-    }
+    // Round the aggregated expirationTimestamp down to reduce precision and avoid leaking which private
+    // functions were called via their exact expiration offsets.
+    const expirationTimestampUpperBound = computeTxExpirationTimestamp(output.publicInputs);
 
-    const privateInputs = new PrivateKernelTailCircuitPrivateInputs(
-      previousKernelData,
+    const resetInputs = await finalResetBuilder.build(this.oracle);
+    const mergedInputs = new PrivateKernelResetTailCircuitPrivateInputs(
+      resetInputs.previousKernel,
+      resetInputs.paddedSideEffects,
+      resetInputs.hints,
+      resetInputs.dimensions,
       paddedSideEffectAmounts,
-      includeByTimestampUpperBound,
+      expirationTimestampUpperBound,
+    );
+
+    this.log.debug(
+      `Calling terminal private kernel reset+tail (${mergedInputs.isForPublic() ? 'to-public' : 'to-rollup'}) with hwm ${output.publicInputs.minRevertibleSideEffectCounter}`,
     );
 
     const witgenTimer = new Timer();
     const tailOutput = generateWitnesses
-      ? await this.proofCreator.generateTailOutput(privateInputs)
-      : await this.proofCreator.simulateTail(privateInputs);
+      ? await this.proofCreator.generateResetTailOutput(mergedInputs)
+      : await this.proofCreator.simulateResetTail(mergedInputs);
 
     executionSteps.push({
-      functionName: 'private_kernel_tail',
+      functionName: mergedInputs.isForPublic() ? 'private_kernel_reset_tail_to_public' : 'private_kernel_reset_tail',
       bytecode: tailOutput.bytecode,
       witness: tailOutput.outputWitness,
       vk: tailOutput.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
+      kind: CircuitKind.Kernel,
       timings: {
         witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
       },
     });
 
-    // Hiding circuit is only executed if we are generating witnesses.
-    // For simulation, we can end with the tail, since the hiding circuit will simply return the same tail output.
+    // Hiding kernel is only executed if we are generating witnesses.
+    // For simulation, we can end with the tail, since the Hiding kernel will simply return the same tail output.
     if (generateWitnesses) {
       const previousKernelVkData = await this.getVkData(tailOutput.verificationKey);
 
@@ -321,6 +268,7 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
         bytecode: hidingOutput.bytecode,
         witness: hidingOutput.outputWitness,
         vk: hidingOutput.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
+        kind: CircuitKind.HidingKernel,
         timings: {
           witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
         },
@@ -330,7 +278,11 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
     if (profileMode == 'gates' || profileMode == 'full') {
       for (const entry of executionSteps) {
         const gateCountTimer = new Timer();
-        const gateCount = await this.proofCreator.computeGateCountForCircuit(entry.bytecode, entry.functionName);
+        const gateCount = await this.proofCreator.computeGateCountForCircuit(
+          entry.bytecode,
+          entry.functionName,
+          entry.kind,
+        );
         entry.gateCount = gateCount;
         entry.timings.gateCount = gateCountTimer.ms();
       }
@@ -403,11 +355,65 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
     );
   }
 
-  private async createPrivateCallData({ publicInputs, vk: vkAsBuffer }: PrivateCallExecutionResult) {
+  /**
+   * Pops the next app off the execution stack, pushes its nested calls back on (preserving DFS
+   * order), records the app's execution step, and returns its constructed `PrivateCallData`.
+   * Caller is responsible for ensuring the stack is non-empty.
+   */
+  private async consumeNextApp(
+    executionStack: PrivateCallExecutionResult[],
+    executionSteps: PrivateExecutionStep[],
+    updatedClassIdHintsMap: Map<string, UpdatedClassIdHints>,
+  ): Promise<PrivateCallData> {
+    const next = executionStack.pop()!;
+    executionStack.push(...[...next.nestedExecutionResults].reverse());
+
+    const functionName = await this.oracle.getDebugFunctionName(
+      next.publicInputs.callContext.contractAddress,
+      next.publicInputs.callContext.functionSelector,
+    );
+
+    executionSteps.push({
+      functionName: functionName!,
+      bytecode: next.acir,
+      witness: next.partialWitness,
+      vk: next.vk,
+      kind: CircuitKind.App,
+      timings: {
+        witgen: next.profileResult?.timings.witgen ?? 0,
+        oracles: next.profileResult?.timings.oracles,
+      },
+    });
+
+    return await this.createPrivateCallData(next, updatedClassIdHintsMap);
+  }
+
+  /** Prefetches updated class id hints for all unique contracts in the execution tree in parallel. */
+  private async prefetchUpdatedClassIdHints(
+    executionResult: PrivateExecutionResult,
+  ): Promise<Map<string, UpdatedClassIdHints>> {
+    const allAddresses = collectNested([executionResult.entrypoint], exec => [
+      exec.publicInputs.callContext.contractAddress,
+    ]);
+    const uniqueAddresses = uniqueBy(allAddresses, a => a.toString());
+    return new Map<string, UpdatedClassIdHints>(
+      await Promise.all(
+        uniqueAddresses.map(
+          async addr =>
+            [addr.toString(), await this.oracle.getUpdatedClassIdHints(addr)] as [string, UpdatedClassIdHints],
+        ),
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  private async createPrivateCallData(
+    { publicInputs, vk: vkAsBuffer }: PrivateCallExecutionResult,
+    updatedClassIdHintsMap: Map<string, UpdatedClassIdHints>,
+  ) {
     const { contractAddress, functionSelector } = publicInputs.callContext;
 
-    const vkAsFields = await vkAsFieldsMegaHonk(vkAsBuffer);
-    const vk = await VerificationKeyAsFields.fromKey(vkAsFields);
+    const vkFields = await vkAsFields(vkAsBuffer, CircuitKind.App);
+    const vk = await VerificationKeyAsFields.fromKey(vkFields);
 
     const { currentContractClassId, publicKeys, saltedInitializationHash } =
       await this.oracle.getContractAddressPreimage(contractAddress);
@@ -419,7 +425,8 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
     const { artifactHash: contractClassArtifactHash, publicBytecodeCommitment: contractClassPublicBytecodeCommitment } =
       await this.oracle.getContractClassIdPreimage(currentContractClassId);
 
-    const updatedClassIdHints = await this.oracle.getUpdatedClassIdHints(contractAddress);
+    const updatedClassIdHints = updatedClassIdHintsMap.get(contractAddress.toString())!;
+
     return PrivateCallData.from({
       publicInputs,
       vk,
@@ -433,4 +440,215 @@ export class PrivateKernelExecutionProver {
       }),
     });
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs one batched kernel iteration. Picks the right circuit variant based on whether this is
+   * the first iteration or a later one and the size of the batch.
+   */
+  private async runBatchedKernel(args: {
+    apps: PrivateCallData[];
+    firstIteration: boolean;
+    previousOutput: PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs>;
+    txRequest: TxRequest;
+    isPrivateOnlyTx: boolean;
+    minRevertibleSideEffectCounter: number;
+    executionSteps: PrivateExecutionStep[];
+    generateWitnesses: boolean;
+  }): Promise<PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs>> {
+    const {
+      apps,
+      firstIteration,
+      previousOutput,
+      txRequest,
+      isPrivateOnlyTx,
+      minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+      executionSteps,
+      generateWitnesses,
+    } = args;
+
+    const witgenTimer = new Timer();
+    let output: PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs>;
+    let functionName: string;
+
+    if (firstIteration) {
+      const vkTreeRoot = getVKTreeRoot();
+      switch (apps.length) {
+        case 1: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInitCircuitPrivateInputs(
+            txRequest,
+            vkTreeRoot,
+            ProtocolContractsList,
+            apps[0],
+            isPrivateOnlyTx,
+            minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+          );
+          this.log.debug(`Calling private kernel init with isPrivateOnly ${isPrivateOnlyTx}`);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-init', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInitOutput(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInit(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_init';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 2: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInit2CircuitPrivateInputs(
+            txRequest,
+            vkTreeRoot,
+            ProtocolContractsList,
+            apps[0],
+            apps[1],
+            isPrivateOnlyTx,
+            minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+          );
+          this.log.debug(`Calling private kernel init_2 with isPrivateOnly ${isPrivateOnlyTx}`);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-init-2', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInit2Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInit2(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_init_2';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 3: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInit3CircuitPrivateInputs(
+            txRequest,
+            vkTreeRoot,
+            ProtocolContractsList,
+            apps[0],
+            apps[1],
+            apps[2],
+            isPrivateOnlyTx,
+            minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+          );
+          this.log.debug(`Calling private kernel init_3 with isPrivateOnly ${isPrivateOnlyTx}`);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-init-3', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInit3Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInit3(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_init_3';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 4: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInit4CircuitPrivateInputs(
+            txRequest,
+            vkTreeRoot,
+            ProtocolContractsList,
+            apps[0],
+            apps[1],
+            apps[2],
+            apps[3],
+            isPrivateOnlyTx,
+            minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+          );
+          this.log.debug(`Calling private kernel init_4 with isPrivateOnly ${isPrivateOnlyTx}`);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-init-4', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInit4Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInit4(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_init_4';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 5: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInit5CircuitPrivateInputs(
+            txRequest,
+            vkTreeRoot,
+            ProtocolContractsList,
+            apps[0],
+            apps[1],
+            apps[2],
+            apps[3],
+            apps[4],
+            isPrivateOnlyTx,
+            minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+          );
+          this.log.debug(`Calling private kernel init_5 with isPrivateOnly ${isPrivateOnlyTx}`);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-init-5', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInit5Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInit5(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_init_5';
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          throw new Error(`Unsupported init kernel batch size: ${apps.length}`);
+      }
+    } else {
+      const vkData = await this.getVkData(previousOutput.verificationKey);
+      const previousKernelData = new PrivateKernelData(previousOutput.publicInputs, vkData);
+      switch (apps.length) {
+        case 1: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInnerCircuitPrivateInputs(previousKernelData, apps[0]);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-inner', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInnerOutput(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInner(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_inner';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 2: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInner2CircuitPrivateInputs(previousKernelData, apps[0], apps[1]);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-inner-2', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInner2Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInner2(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_inner_2';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 3: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInner3CircuitPrivateInputs(previousKernelData, apps[0], apps[1], apps[2]);
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-inner-3', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInner3Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInner3(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_inner_3';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 4: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInner4CircuitPrivateInputs(
+            previousKernelData,
+            apps[0],
+            apps[1],
+            apps[2],
+            apps[3],
+          );
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-inner-4', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInner4Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInner4(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_inner_4';
+          break;
+        }
+        case 5: {
+          const proofInput = new PrivateKernelInner5CircuitPrivateInputs(
+            previousKernelData,
+            apps[0],
+            apps[1],
+            apps[2],
+            apps[3],
+            apps[4],
+          );
+          pushTestData('private-kernel-inputs-inner-5', proofInput);
+          output = generateWitnesses
+            ? await this.proofCreator.generateInner5Output(proofInput)
+            : await this.proofCreator.simulateInner5(proofInput);
+          functionName = 'private_kernel_inner_5';
+          break;
+        }
+        default:
+          throw new Error(`Unsupported inner kernel batch size: ${apps.length}`);
+      }
+    }
+
+    executionSteps.push({
+      functionName,
+      bytecode: output.bytecode,
+      witness: output.outputWitness,
+      vk: output.verificationKey.keyAsBytes,
+      kind: CircuitKind.Kernel,
+      timings: {
+        witgen: witgenTimer.ms(),
+      },
+    });
+
+    return output;
+  }
 }