@aztec/pxe 0.0.1-commit.1142ef1 → 0.0.1-commit.11bf3dd6e

package/src/contract_function_simulator/oracle/utility_execution_oracle.ts

@@ -1,35 +1,41 @@
+import type { ARCHIVE_HEIGHT, NOTE_HASH_TREE_HEIGHT } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { Aes128 } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/aes128';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { Point } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/grumpkin';
-import { LogLevels, applyStringFormatting, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { LogLevels, type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import type { MembershipWitness } from '@aztec/foundation/trees';
 import type { KeyStore } from '@aztec/key-store';
+import { isProtocolContract } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
 import type { AuthWitness } from '@aztec/stdlib/auth-witness';
 import { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
-import type { CompleteAddress, ContractInstance } from '@aztec/stdlib/contract';
+import { BlockHash, type L2TipsProvider } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import type { CompleteAddress, ContractInstance, PartialAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/contract';
 import { siloNullifier } from '@aztec/stdlib/hash';
 import type { AztecNode } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
 import type { KeyValidationRequest } from '@aztec/stdlib/kernel';
-import { computeAddressSecret } from '@aztec/stdlib/keys';
-import { deriveEcdhSharedSecret } from '@aztec/stdlib/logs';
+import { type PublicKeys, computeAddressSecret } from '@aztec/stdlib/keys';
+import { MessageContext, deriveAppSiloedSharedSecret } from '@aztec/stdlib/logs';
+import { getNonNullifiedL1ToL2MessageWitness } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
 import type { NoteStatus } from '@aztec/stdlib/note';
 import { MerkleTreeId, type NullifierMembershipWitness, PublicDataWitness } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
-import type { BlockHeader, Capsule } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
+import type { BlockHeader, Capsule, OffchainEffect } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 
+import { createContractLogger, logContractMessage, stripAztecnrLogPrefix } from '../../contract_logging.js';
+import type { ContractSyncService } from '../../contract_sync/contract_sync_service.js';
 import { EventService } from '../../events/event_service.js';
 import { LogService } from '../../logs/log_service.js';
+import { MessageContextService } from '../../messages/message_context_service.js';
 import { NoteService } from '../../notes/note_service.js';
-import { ORACLE_VERSION } from '../../oracle_version.js';
-import { PublicStorageService } from '../../public_storage/public_storage_service.js';
+import { ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR } from '../../oracle_version.js';
 import type { AddressStore } from '../../storage/address_store/address_store.js';
-import type { AnchorBlockStore } from '../../storage/anchor_block_store/anchor_block_store.js';
-import type { CapsuleStore } from '../../storage/capsule_store/capsule_store.js';
+import type { CapsuleService } from '../../storage/capsule_store/capsule_service.js';
 import type { ContractStore } from '../../storage/contract_store/contract_store.js';
 import type { NoteStore } from '../../storage/note_store/note_store.js';
 import type { PrivateEventStore } from '../../storage/private_event_store/private_event_store.js';
 import type { RecipientTaggingStore } from '../../storage/tagging_store/recipient_tagging_store.js';
 import type { SenderAddressBookStore } from '../../storage/tagging_store/sender_address_book_store.js';
-import { TreeMembershipService } from '../../tree_membership/tree_membership_service.js';
+import { EphemeralArrayService } from '../ephemeral_array_service.js';
 import { EventValidationRequest } from '../noir-structs/event_validation_request.js';
 import { LogRetrievalRequest } from '../noir-structs/log_retrieval_request.js';
 import { LogRetrievalResponse } from '../noir-structs/log_retrieval_response.js';
@@ -39,6 +45,30 @@ import { pickNotes } from '../pick_notes.js';
 import type { IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOracle, NoteData } from './interfaces.js';
 import { MessageLoadOracleInputs } from './message_load_oracle_inputs.js';
 
+/** Args for UtilityExecutionOracle constructor. */
+export type UtilityExecutionOracleArgs = {
+  contractAddress: AztecAddress;
+  /** List of transient auth witnesses to be used during this simulation */
+  authWitnesses: AuthWitness[];
+  capsules: Capsule[]; // TODO(#12425): Rename to transientCapsules
+  anchorBlockHeader: BlockHeader;
+  contractStore: ContractStore;
+  noteStore: NoteStore;
+  keyStore: KeyStore;
+  addressStore: AddressStore;
+  aztecNode: AztecNode;
+  recipientTaggingStore: RecipientTaggingStore;
+  senderAddressBookStore: SenderAddressBookStore;
+  capsuleService: CapsuleService;
+  privateEventStore: PrivateEventStore;
+  messageContextService: MessageContextService;
+  contractSyncService: ContractSyncService;
+  l2TipsStore: L2TipsProvider;
+  jobId: string;
+  log?: ReturnType<typeof createLogger>;
+  scopes: AztecAddress[];
+};
+
 /**
  * The oracle for an execution of utility contract functions.
  */
@@ -46,47 +76,102 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
   isMisc = true as const;
   isUtility = true as const;
 
-  private aztecNrDebugLog = createLogger('aztec-nr:debug_log');
-
-  constructor(
-    protected readonly contractAddress: AztecAddress,
-    /** List of transient auth witnesses to be used during this simulation */
-    protected readonly authWitnesses: AuthWitness[],
-    protected readonly capsules: Capsule[], // TODO(#12425): Rename to transientCapsules
-    protected readonly anchorBlockHeader: BlockHeader,
-    protected readonly contractStore: ContractStore,
-    protected readonly noteStore: NoteStore,
-    protected readonly keyStore: KeyStore,
-    protected readonly addressStore: AddressStore,
-    protected readonly aztecNode: AztecNode,
-    protected readonly anchorBlockStore: AnchorBlockStore,
-    protected readonly recipientTaggingStore: RecipientTaggingStore,
-    protected readonly senderAddressBookStore: SenderAddressBookStore,
-    protected readonly capsuleStore: CapsuleStore,
-    protected readonly privateEventStore: PrivateEventStore,
-    protected readonly jobId: string,
-    protected log = createLogger('simulator:client_view_context'),
-    protected readonly scopes?: AztecAddress[],
-  ) {}
-
-  public utilityAssertCompatibleOracleVersion(version: number): void {
-    if (version !== ORACLE_VERSION) {
-      throw new Error(`Incompatible oracle version. Expected version ${ORACLE_VERSION}, got ${version}.`);
+  private contractLogger: Logger | undefined;
+  private aztecnrLogger: Logger | undefined;
+  private offchainEffects: OffchainEffect[] = [];
+  private readonly ephemeralArrayService = new EphemeralArrayService();
+
+  // We store oracle version to be able to show a nice error message when an oracle handler is missing.
+  private contractOracleVersion: { major: number; minor: number } | undefined;
+
+  protected readonly contractAddress: AztecAddress;
+  protected readonly authWitnesses: AuthWitness[];
+  protected readonly capsules: Capsule[];
+  protected readonly anchorBlockHeader: BlockHeader;
+  protected readonly contractStore: ContractStore;
+  protected readonly noteStore: NoteStore;
+  protected readonly keyStore: KeyStore;
+  protected readonly addressStore: AddressStore;
+  protected readonly aztecNode: AztecNode;
+  protected readonly recipientTaggingStore: RecipientTaggingStore;
+  protected readonly senderAddressBookStore: SenderAddressBookStore;
+  protected readonly capsuleService: CapsuleService;
+  protected readonly privateEventStore: PrivateEventStore;
+  protected readonly messageContextService: MessageContextService;
+  protected readonly contractSyncService: ContractSyncService;
+  protected readonly l2TipsStore: L2TipsProvider;
+  protected readonly jobId: string;
+  protected logger: ReturnType<typeof createLogger>;
+  protected readonly scopes: AztecAddress[];
+
+  constructor(args: UtilityExecutionOracleArgs) {
+    this.contractAddress = args.contractAddress;
+    this.authWitnesses = args.authWitnesses;
+    this.capsules = args.capsules;
+    this.anchorBlockHeader = args.anchorBlockHeader;
+    this.contractStore = args.contractStore;
+    this.noteStore = args.noteStore;
+    this.keyStore = args.keyStore;
+    this.addressStore = args.addressStore;
+    this.aztecNode = args.aztecNode;
+    this.recipientTaggingStore = args.recipientTaggingStore;
+    this.senderAddressBookStore = args.senderAddressBookStore;
+    this.capsuleService = args.capsuleService;
+    this.privateEventStore = args.privateEventStore;
+    this.messageContextService = args.messageContextService;
+    this.contractSyncService = args.contractSyncService;
+    this.l2TipsStore = args.l2TipsStore;
+    this.jobId = args.jobId;
+    this.logger = args.log ?? createLogger('simulator:client_view_context');
+    this.scopes = args.scopes;
+  }
+
+  public assertCompatibleOracleVersion(major: number, minor: number): void {
+    // TODO(F-416): Remove this hack on v5 when protocol contracts are redeployed.
+    // Protocol contracts/canonical contracts shipped with committed bytecode that cannot be changed. Assert they use
+    // the expected pinned version or the current one. We want to allow for both the pinned and the current versions
+    // because we want this code to work with both the pinned and unpinned version since some branches do not have the
+    // pinned contracts (like e.g. next)
+    const LEGACY_ORACLE_VERSION = 12;
+    if (isProtocolContract(this.contractAddress)) {
+      if (major !== LEGACY_ORACLE_VERSION && major !== ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR) {
+        const hint =
+          major > ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR
+            ? 'The contract was compiled with a newer version of Aztec.nr than your private environment supports. Upgrade your private environment to a compatible version.'
+            : 'The contract was compiled with an older version of Aztec.nr than your private environment supports. Recompile the contract with a compatible version of Aztec.nr.';
+        throw new Error(
+          `Incompatible private environment version: ${hint} See https://docs.aztec.network/errors/8 (expected oracle major version ${LEGACY_ORACLE_VERSION} or ${ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR}, got ${major})`,
+        );
+      }
+      this.contractOracleVersion = { major, minor };
+      return;
     }
+
+    if (major !== ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR) {
+      const hint =
+        major > ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR
+          ? 'The contract was compiled with a newer version of Aztec.nr than your private environment supports. Upgrade your private environment to a compatible version.'
+          : 'The contract was compiled with an older version of Aztec.nr than your private environment supports. Recompile the contract with a compatible version of Aztec.nr.';
+      throw new Error(
+        `Incompatible private environment version: ${hint} See https://docs.aztec.network/errors/8 (expected oracle major version ${ORACLE_VERSION_MAJOR}, got ${major})`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // Major matches - store both major and minor for later diagnostics (e.g. when an oracle is not found)
+    this.contractOracleVersion = { major, minor };
   }
 
-  public utilityGetRandomField(): Fr {
+  // Prefixed with "nonOracleFunction" as it is not used as an oracle handler.
+  public nonOracleFunctionGetContractOracleVersion(): { major: number; minor: number } | undefined {
+    return this.contractOracleVersion;
+  }
+
+  public getRandomField(): Fr {
     return Fr.random();
   }
 
-  public utilityGetUtilityContext(): UtilityContext {
-    return UtilityContext.from({
-      blockNumber: this.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.blockNumber,
-      timestamp: this.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.timestamp,
-      contractAddress: this.contractAddress,
-      version: this.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.version,
-      chainId: this.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.chainId,
-    });
+  public getUtilityContext(): UtilityContext {
+    return new UtilityContext(this.anchorBlockHeader, this.contractAddress);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -94,65 +179,103 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
    * @param pkMHash - The master public key hash.
    * @returns A Promise that resolves to nullifier keys.
    * @throws If the keys are not registered in the key store.
+   * @throws If scopes are defined and the account is not in the scopes.
    */
-  public utilityGetKeyValidationRequest(pkMHash: Fr): Promise<KeyValidationRequest> {
+  public async getKeyValidationRequest(pkMHash: Fr): Promise<KeyValidationRequest> {
+    let hasAccess = false;
+    for (let i = 0; i < this.scopes.length && !hasAccess; i++) {
+      if (await this.keyStore.accountHasKey(this.scopes[i], pkMHash)) {
+        hasAccess = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!hasAccess) {
+      throw new Error(`Key validation request denied: no scoped account has a key with hash ${pkMHash.toString()}.`);
+    }
     return this.keyStore.getKeyValidationRequest(pkMHash, this.contractAddress);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Fetches the index and sibling path of a leaf at a given block from a given tree.
-   * @param blockNumber - The block number at which to get the membership witness.
-   * @param treeId - Id of the tree to get the sibling path from.
-   * @param leafValue - The leaf value
-   * @returns The index and sibling path concatenated [index, sibling_path]
+   * Fetches the index and sibling path of a leaf at a given block from the note hash tree.
+   * @param blockHash - The hash of a block that contains the note hash tree root in which to find the
+   * membership witness.
+   * @param noteHash - The note hash to find in the note hash tree.
+   * @returns The membership witness containing the leaf index and sibling path
+   */
+  public getNoteHashMembershipWitness(
+    blockHash: BlockHash,
+    noteHash: Fr,
+  ): Promise<MembershipWitness<typeof NOTE_HASH_TREE_HEIGHT> | undefined> {
+    return this.#queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor(blockHash, () =>
+      this.aztecNode.getNoteHashMembershipWitness(blockHash, noteHash),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetches the index and sibling path of a block hash in the archive tree.
+   *
+   * Block hashes are the leaves of the archive tree. Each time a new block is added to the chain,
+   * its block hash is appended as a new leaf to the archive tree.
+   *
+   * @param referenceBlockHash - The hash of a block that contains the archive tree root in which to find the membership
+   * witness.
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash to find in the archive tree.
+   * @returns The membership witness containing the leaf index and sibling path
    */
-  public utilityGetMembershipWitness(blockNumber: BlockNumber, treeId: MerkleTreeId, leafValue: Fr): Promise<Fr[]> {
-    const treeMembershipService = new TreeMembershipService(this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    return treeMembershipService.getMembershipWitness(blockNumber, treeId, leafValue);
+  public getBlockHashMembershipWitness(
+    referenceBlockHash: BlockHash,
+    blockHash: BlockHash,
+  ): Promise<MembershipWitness<typeof ARCHIVE_HEIGHT> | undefined> {
+    // Note that we validate that the reference block hash is at or before the anchor block - we don't test the block
+    // hash at all. If the block hash did not exist by the reference block hash, then the node will not return the
+    // membership witness as there is none.
+    return this.#queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor(referenceBlockHash, () =>
+      this.aztecNode.getBlockHashMembershipWitness(referenceBlockHash, blockHash),
+    );
   }
 
   /**
    * Returns a nullifier membership witness for a given nullifier at a given block.
-   * @param blockNumber - The block number at which to get the index.
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash at which to get the index.
    * @param nullifier - Nullifier we try to find witness for.
    * @returns The nullifier membership witness (if found).
    */
-  public async utilityGetNullifierMembershipWitness(
-    blockNumber: BlockNumber,
+  public getNullifierMembershipWitness(
+    blockHash: BlockHash,
     nullifier: Fr,
   ): Promise<NullifierMembershipWitness | undefined> {
-    return await this.aztecNode.getNullifierMembershipWitness(blockNumber, nullifier);
+    return this.#queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor(blockHash, () =>
+      this.aztecNode.getNullifierMembershipWitness(blockHash, nullifier),
+    );
   }
 
   /**
    * Returns a low nullifier membership witness for a given nullifier at a given block.
-   * @param blockNumber - The block number at which to get the index.
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash at which to get the index.
    * @param nullifier - Nullifier we try to find the low nullifier witness for.
    * @returns The low nullifier membership witness (if found).
    * @remarks Low nullifier witness can be used to perform a nullifier non-inclusion proof by leveraging the "linked
    * list structure" of leaves and proving that a lower nullifier is pointing to a bigger next value than the nullifier
    * we are trying to prove non-inclusion for.
    */
-  public async utilityGetLowNullifierMembershipWitness(
-    blockNumber: BlockNumber,
+  public getLowNullifierMembershipWitness(
+    blockHash: BlockHash,
     nullifier: Fr,
   ): Promise<NullifierMembershipWitness | undefined> {
-    const treeMembershipService = new TreeMembershipService(this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    return await treeMembershipService.getLowNullifierMembershipWitness(blockNumber, nullifier);
+    return this.#queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor(blockHash, () =>
+      this.aztecNode.getLowNullifierMembershipWitness(blockHash, nullifier),
+    );
   }
 
   /**
    * Returns a public data tree witness for a given leaf slot at a given block.
-   * @param blockNumber - The block number at which to get the index.
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash at which to get the index.
    * @param leafSlot - The slot of the public data tree to get the witness for.
    * @returns - The witness
    */
-  public async utilityGetPublicDataWitness(
-    blockNumber: BlockNumber,
-    leafSlot: Fr,
-  ): Promise<PublicDataWitness | undefined> {
-    const treeMembershipService = new TreeMembershipService(this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    return await treeMembershipService.getPublicDataWitness(blockNumber, leafSlot);
+  public getPublicDataWitness(blockHash: BlockHash, leafSlot: Fr): Promise<PublicDataWitness | undefined> {
+    return this.#queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor(blockHash, () =>
+      this.aztecNode.getPublicDataWitness(blockHash, leafSlot),
+    );
   }
 
   /**
@@ -160,27 +283,32 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
    * @param blockNumber - The number of a block of which to get the block header.
    * @returns Block extracted from a block with block number `blockNumber`.
    */
-  public async utilityGetBlockHeader(blockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined> {
-    const anchorBlockNumber = (await this.anchorBlockStore.getBlockHeader()).getBlockNumber();
+  public async getBlockHeader(blockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined> {
+    const anchorBlockNumber = this.anchorBlockHeader.getBlockNumber();
     if (blockNumber > anchorBlockNumber) {
       throw new Error(`Block number ${blockNumber} is higher than current block ${anchorBlockNumber}`);
     }
 
     const block = await this.aztecNode.getBlock(blockNumber);
-    return block?.getBlockHeader() || undefined;
+    return block?.header;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Retrieve the complete address associated to a given address.
+   * Retrieve the public keys and partial address associated to a given address.
    * @param account - The account address.
-   * @returns A complete address associated with the input address.
-   * @throws An error if the account is not registered in the database.
+   * @returns The public keys and partial address, or `undefined` if the account is not registered.
    */
-  public utilityGetPublicKeysAndPartialAddress(account: AztecAddress): Promise<CompleteAddress> {
-    return this.getCompleteAddress(account);
+  public async getPublicKeysAndPartialAddress(
+    account: AztecAddress,
+  ): Promise<{ publicKeys: PublicKeys; partialAddress: PartialAddress } | undefined> {
+    const completeAddress = await this.addressStore.getCompleteAddress(account);
+    if (!completeAddress) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return { publicKeys: completeAddress.publicKeys, partialAddress: completeAddress.partialAddress };
   }
 
-  protected async getCompleteAddress(account: AztecAddress): Promise<CompleteAddress> {
+  protected async getCompleteAddressOrFail(account: AztecAddress): Promise<CompleteAddress> {
     const completeAddress = await this.addressStore.getCompleteAddress(account);
     if (!completeAddress) {
       throw new Error(
@@ -196,11 +324,7 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
    * @param address - Address.
    * @returns A contract instance.
    */
-  public utilityGetContractInstance(address: AztecAddress): Promise<ContractInstance> {
-    return this.getContractInstance(address);
-  }
-
-  protected async getContractInstance(address: AztecAddress): Promise<ContractInstance> {
+  public async getContractInstance(address: AztecAddress): Promise<ContractInstance> {
     const instance = await this.contractStore.getContractInstance(address);
     if (!instance) {
       throw new Error(`No contract instance found for address ${address.toString()}`);
@@ -209,12 +333,11 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
   }
 
   /**
-   * Returns an auth witness for the given message hash. Checks on the list of transient witnesses
-   * for this transaction first, and falls back to the local database if not found.
+   * Returns an auth witness for the given message hash from the list of transient witnesses for this transaction.
    * @param messageHash - Hash of the message to authenticate.
-   * @returns Authentication witness for the requested message hash.
+   * @returns Authentication witness for the requested message hash, or undefined if not found.
    */
-  public utilityGetAuthWitness(messageHash: Fr): Promise<Fr[] | undefined> {
+  public getAuthWitness(messageHash: Fr): Promise<Fr[] | undefined> {
     return Promise.resolve(this.authWitnesses.find(w => w.requestHash.equals(messageHash))?.witness);
   }
 
@@ -240,7 +363,7 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
    * @param status - The status of notes to fetch.
    * @returns Array of note data.
    */
-  public async utilityGetNotes(
+  public async getNotes(
     owner: AztecAddress | undefined,
     storageSlot: Fr,
     numSelects: number,
@@ -257,7 +380,7 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
     offset: number,
     status: NoteStatus,
   ): Promise<NoteData[]> {
-    const noteService = new NoteService(this.noteStore, this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
+    const noteService = new NoteService(this.noteStore, this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockHeader, this.jobId);
 
     const dbNotes = await noteService.getNotes(this.contractAddress, owner, storageSlot, status, this.scopes);
     return pickNotes<NoteData>(dbNotes, {
@@ -280,121 +403,232 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
    * @param innerNullifier - The inner nullifier.
    * @returns A boolean indicating whether the nullifier exists in the tree or not.
    */
-  public async utilityCheckNullifierExists(innerNullifier: Fr) {
-    const nullifier = await siloNullifier(this.contractAddress, innerNullifier!);
-    const treeMembershipService = new TreeMembershipService(this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    const index = await treeMembershipService.getNullifierIndex(nullifier);
-    return index !== undefined;
+  public async doesNullifierExist(innerNullifier: Fr) {
+    const [nullifier, anchorBlockHash] = await Promise.all([
+      siloNullifier(this.contractAddress, innerNullifier!),
+      this.anchorBlockHeader.hash(),
+    ]);
+    const [leafIndex] = await this.aztecNode.findLeavesIndexes(anchorBlockHash, MerkleTreeId.NULLIFIER_TREE, [
+      nullifier,
+    ]);
+    return leafIndex?.data !== undefined;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Fetches a message from the executionStore, given its key.
+   * Returns the membership witness of an un-nullified L1 to L2 message.
    * @param contractAddress - Address of a contract by which the message was emitted.
    * @param messageHash - Hash of the message.
    * @param secret - Secret used to compute a nullifier.
    * @dev Contract address and secret are only used to compute the nullifier to get non-nullified messages
    * @returns The l1 to l2 membership witness (index of message in the tree and sibling path).
    */
-  public async utilityGetL1ToL2MembershipWitness(contractAddress: AztecAddress, messageHash: Fr, secret: Fr) {
-    const treeMembershipService = new TreeMembershipService(this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    const [messageIndex, siblingPath] = await treeMembershipService.getL1ToL2MembershipWitness(
+  public async getL1ToL2MembershipWitness(contractAddress: AztecAddress, messageHash: Fr, secret: Fr) {
+    const [messageIndex, siblingPath] = await getNonNullifiedL1ToL2MessageWitness(
+      this.aztecNode,
       contractAddress,
       messageHash,
       secret,
+      await this.anchorBlockHeader.hash(),
     );
 
-    // Assuming messageIndex is what you intended to use for the index in MessageLoadOracleInputs
     return new MessageLoadOracleInputs(messageIndex, siblingPath);
   }
 
   /**
    * Read the public storage data.
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash to read storage at.
    * @param contractAddress - The address to read storage from.
    * @param startStorageSlot - The starting storage slot.
-   * @param blockNumber - The block number to read storage at.
    * @param numberOfElements - Number of elements to read from the starting storage slot.
    */
-  public async utilityStorageRead(
+  public getFromPublicStorage(
+    blockHash: BlockHash,
     contractAddress: AztecAddress,
     startStorageSlot: Fr,
-    blockNumber: BlockNumber,
     numberOfElements: number,
   ) {
-    const values = [];
-    const publicStorageService = new PublicStorageService(this.anchorBlockStore, this.aztecNode);
+    return this.#queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor(blockHash, async () => {
+      const slots = Array(numberOfElements)
+        .fill(0)
+        .map((_, i) => new Fr(startStorageSlot.value + BigInt(i)));
+
+      const values = await Promise.all(
+        slots.map(storageSlot => this.aztecNode.getPublicStorageAt(blockHash, contractAddress, storageSlot)),
+      );
+
+      this.logger.debug(
+        `Oracle storage read: slots=[${slots.map(slot => slot.toString()).join(', ')}] address=${contractAddress.toString()} values=[${values.join(', ')}]`,
+      );
 
-    // TODO: why do we serialize these requests? This should probably a single call
-    // Privacy considerations?
-    for (let i = 0n; i < numberOfElements; i++) {
-      const storageSlot = new Fr(startStorageSlot.value + i);
-      const value = await publicStorageService.getPublicStorageAt(blockNumber, contractAddress, storageSlot);
+      return values;
+    });
+  }
 
-      this.log.debug(
-        `Oracle storage read: slot=${storageSlot.toString()} address-${contractAddress.toString()} value=${value}`,
+  /**
+   * Returns a per-contract logger whose output is prefixed with `contract:<name>(<addrAbbrev>)`.
+   */
+  async #getContractLogger(): Promise<Logger> {
+    if (!this.contractLogger) {
+      // Purpose of instanceId is to distinguish logs from different instances of the same component. It makes sense
+      // to re-use jobId as instanceId here as executions of different PXE jobs are isolated.
+      this.contractLogger = await createContractLogger(
+        this.contractAddress,
+        addr => this.contractStore.getDebugContractName(addr),
+        'user',
+        { instanceId: this.jobId },
       );
-      values.push(value);
     }
-    return values;
+    return this.contractLogger;
   }
 
-  public utilityDebugLog(level: number, message: string, fields: Fr[]): void {
+  /**
+   * Returns a per-contract logger whose output is prefixed with `aztecnr:<name>(<addrAbbrev>)`.
+   */
+  async #getAztecnrLogger(): Promise<Logger> {
+    if (!this.aztecnrLogger) {
+      // Purpose of instanceId is to distinguish logs from different instances of the same component. It makes sense
+      // to re-use jobId as instanceId here as executions of different PXE jobs are isolated.
+      this.aztecnrLogger = await createContractLogger(
+        this.contractAddress,
+        addr => this.contractStore.getDebugContractName(addr),
+        'aztecnr',
+        { instanceId: this.jobId },
+      );
+    }
+    return this.aztecnrLogger;
+  }
+
+  public async log(level: number, message: string, fields: Fr[]): Promise<void> {
     if (!LogLevels[level]) {
-      throw new Error(`Invalid debug log level: ${level}`);
+      throw new Error(`Invalid log level: ${level}`);
     }
-    const levelName = LogLevels[level];
-    this.aztecNrDebugLog[levelName](`${applyStringFormatting(message, fields)}`);
+
+    const { kind, message: strippedMessage } = stripAztecnrLogPrefix(message);
+
+    const logger = kind == 'aztecnr' ? await this.#getAztecnrLogger() : await this.#getContractLogger();
+    logContractMessage(logger, LogLevels[level], strippedMessage, fields);
+  }
+
+  // Deprecated, only kept for backwards compatibility until Alpha v5 rolls out.
+  public async getPendingTaggedLogs(pendingTaggedLogArrayBaseSlot: Fr, scope: AztecAddress) {
+    const logService = this.#createLogService();
+    const logs = await logService.fetchTaggedLogs(this.contractAddress, scope);
+    await this.capsuleService.appendToCapsuleArray(
+      this.contractAddress,
+      pendingTaggedLogArrayBaseSlot,
+      logs.map(log => log.toFields()),
+      this.jobId,
+      scope,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** Fetches pending tagged logs into a freshly allocated ephemeral array and returns its base slot. */
+  public async getPendingTaggedLogsV2(scope: AztecAddress): Promise<Fr> {
+    const logService = this.#createLogService();
+    const logs = await logService.fetchTaggedLogs(this.contractAddress, scope);
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.newArray(logs.map(log => log.toFields()));
   }
 
-  public async utilityFetchTaggedLogs(pendingTaggedLogArrayBaseSlot: Fr) {
-    const logService = new LogService(
+  #createLogService(): LogService {
+    return new LogService(
       this.aztecNode,
-      this.anchorBlockStore,
+      this.anchorBlockHeader,
+      this.l2TipsStore,
       this.keyStore,
-      this.capsuleStore,
       this.recipientTaggingStore,
       this.senderAddressBookStore,
       this.addressStore,
+      this.jobId,
+      this.logger.getBindings(),
     );
-
-    await logService.syncTaggedLogs(this.contractAddress, pendingTaggedLogArrayBaseSlot, this.scopes);
-
-    const noteService = new NoteService(this.noteStore, this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    await noteService.syncNoteNullifiers(this.contractAddress);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Validates all note and event validation requests enqueued via `enqueue_note_for_validation` and
-   * `enqueue_event_for_validation`, inserting them into the note database and event store respectively, making them
-   * queryable via `get_notes` and `getPrivateEvents`.
+   * Legacy: validates note/event requests stored in capsule arrays.
    *
-   * This automatically clears both validation request queues, so no further work needs to be done by the caller.
-   * @param contractAddress - The address of the contract that the logs are tagged for.
-   * @param noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot - The base slot of capsule array containing note validation requests.
-   * @param eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot - The base slot of capsule array containing event validation requests.
+   * Deprecated, only kept for backwards compatibility until Alpha v5 rolls out.
    */
-  public async utilityValidateEnqueuedNotesAndEvents(
+  public async validateAndStoreEnqueuedNotesAndEvents(
     contractAddress: AztecAddress,
     noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
     eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
+    maxNotePackedLen: number,
+    maxEventSerializedLen: number,
+    scope: AztecAddress,
   ) {
-    // TODO(#10727): allow other contracts to deliver notes
+    // TODO(#10727): allow other contracts to store notes
     if (!this.contractAddress.equals(contractAddress)) {
       throw new Error(`Got a note validation request from ${contractAddress}, expected ${this.contractAddress}`);
     }
 
-    // We read all note and event validation requests and process them all concurrently. This makes the process much
-    // faster as we don't need to wait for the network round-trip.
     const noteValidationRequests = (
-      await this.capsuleStore.readCapsuleArray(contractAddress, noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot)
-    ).map(NoteValidationRequest.fromFields);
+      await this.capsuleService.readCapsuleArray(
+        contractAddress,
+        noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+        this.jobId,
+        scope,
+      )
+    ).map(fields => NoteValidationRequest.fromFields(fields, maxNotePackedLen));
 
     const eventValidationRequests = (
-      await this.capsuleStore.readCapsuleArray(contractAddress, eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot)
-    ).map(EventValidationRequest.fromFields);
+      await this.capsuleService.readCapsuleArray(
+        contractAddress,
+        eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+        this.jobId,
+        scope,
+      )
+    ).map(fields => EventValidationRequest.fromFields(fields, maxEventSerializedLen));
+
+    await this.#processValidationRequests(noteValidationRequests, eventValidationRequests, scope);
+
+    await this.capsuleService.setCapsuleArray(
+      contractAddress,
+      noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+      [],
+      this.jobId,
+      scope,
+    );
+    await this.capsuleService.setCapsuleArray(
+      contractAddress,
+      eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+      [],
+      this.jobId,
+      scope,
+    );
+  }
 
-    const noteService = new NoteService(this.noteStore, this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockStore);
-    const noteDeliveries = noteValidationRequests.map(request =>
-      noteService.deliverNote(
+  public async validateAndStoreEnqueuedNotesAndEventsV2(
+    noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
+    eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
+    maxNotePackedLen: number,
+    maxEventSerializedLen: number,
+    scope: AztecAddress,
+  ) {
+    const noteValidationRequests = this.ephemeralArrayService
+      .readArrayAt(noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot)
+      .map(fields => NoteValidationRequest.fromFields(fields, maxNotePackedLen));
+
+    const eventValidationRequests = this.ephemeralArrayService
+      .readArrayAt(eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot)
+      .map(fields => EventValidationRequest.fromFields(fields, maxEventSerializedLen));
+
+    await this.#processValidationRequests(noteValidationRequests, eventValidationRequests, scope);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Dispatches note and event validation requests to the service layer.
+   *
+   * This function is an auxiliary to support legacy (capsule backed) and new (ephemeral array backed) versions of the
+   * `validateAndStoreEnqueuedNotesAndEvents` oracle.
+   */
+  async #processValidationRequests(
+    noteValidationRequests: NoteValidationRequest[],
+    eventValidationRequests: EventValidationRequest[],
+    scope: AztecAddress,
+  ) {
+    const noteService = new NoteService(this.noteStore, this.aztecNode, this.anchorBlockHeader, this.jobId);
+    const noteStorePromises = noteValidationRequests.map(request =>
+      noteService.validateAndStoreNote(
         request.contractAddress,
         request.owner,
         request.storageSlot,
@@ -404,34 +638,31 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
         request.noteHash,
         request.nullifier,
         request.txHash,
-        request.recipient,
+        scope,
       ),
     );
 
-    const eventService = new EventService(this.anchorBlockStore, this.aztecNode, this.privateEventStore);
-    const eventDeliveries = eventValidationRequests.map(request =>
-      eventService.deliverEvent(
+    const eventService = new EventService(this.anchorBlockHeader, this.aztecNode, this.privateEventStore, this.jobId);
+    const eventStorePromises = eventValidationRequests.map(request =>
+      eventService.validateAndStoreEvent(
         request.contractAddress,
         request.eventTypeId,
         request.randomness,
         request.serializedEvent,
         request.eventCommitment,
         request.txHash,
-        request.recipient,
+        scope,
       ),
     );
 
-    await Promise.all([...noteDeliveries, ...eventDeliveries]);
-
-    // Requests are cleared once we're done.
-    await this.capsuleStore.setCapsuleArray(contractAddress, noteValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot, []);
-    await this.capsuleStore.setCapsuleArray(contractAddress, eventValidationRequestsArrayBaseSlot, []);
+    await Promise.all([...noteStorePromises, ...eventStorePromises]);
   }
 
-  public async utilityBulkRetrieveLogs(
+  public async getLogsByTag(
     contractAddress: AztecAddress,
     logRetrievalRequestsArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
     logRetrievalResponsesArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
+    scope: AztecAddress,
   ) {
     // TODO(#10727): allow other contracts to process partial notes
     if (!this.contractAddress.equals(contractAddress)) {
@@ -441,96 +672,250 @@ export class UtilityExecutionOracle implements IMiscOracle, IUtilityExecutionOra
     // We read all log retrieval requests and process them all concurrently. This makes the process much faster as we
     // don't need to wait for the network round-trip.
     const logRetrievalRequests = (
-      await this.capsuleStore.readCapsuleArray(contractAddress, logRetrievalRequestsArrayBaseSlot)
+      await this.capsuleService.readCapsuleArray(contractAddress, logRetrievalRequestsArrayBaseSlot, this.jobId, scope)
     ).map(LogRetrievalRequest.fromFields);
 
-    const logService = new LogService(
-      this.aztecNode,
-      this.anchorBlockStore,
-      this.keyStore,
-      this.capsuleStore,
-      this.recipientTaggingStore,
-      this.senderAddressBookStore,
-      this.addressStore,
-    );
-
-    const maybeLogRetrievalResponses = await logService.bulkRetrieveLogs(logRetrievalRequests);
+    const logService = this.#createLogService();
+    const maybeLogRetrievalResponses = await logService.fetchLogsByTag(contractAddress, logRetrievalRequests);
 
     // Requests are cleared once we're done.
-    await this.capsuleStore.setCapsuleArray(contractAddress, logRetrievalRequestsArrayBaseSlot, []);
+    await this.capsuleService.setCapsuleArray(
+      contractAddress,
+      logRetrievalRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+      [],
+      this.jobId,
+      scope,
+    );
 
     // The responses are stored as Option<LogRetrievalResponse> in a second CapsuleArray.
-    await this.capsuleStore.setCapsuleArray(
+    await this.capsuleService.setCapsuleArray(
       contractAddress,
       logRetrievalResponsesArrayBaseSlot,
       maybeLogRetrievalResponses.map(LogRetrievalResponse.toSerializedOption),
+      this.jobId,
+      scope,
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async getLogsByTagV2(requestArrayBaseSlot: Fr): Promise<Fr> {
+    const logRetrievalRequests = this.ephemeralArrayService
+      .readArrayAt(requestArrayBaseSlot)
+      .map(LogRetrievalRequest.fromFields);
+    const logService = this.#createLogService();
+
+    const maybeLogRetrievalResponses = await logService.fetchLogsByTag(this.contractAddress, logRetrievalRequests);
+
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.newArray(maybeLogRetrievalResponses.map(LogRetrievalResponse.toSerializedOption));
+  }
+
+  // Deprecated, only kept for backwards compatibility until Alpha v5 rolls out.
+  public async getMessageContextsByTxHash(
+    contractAddress: AztecAddress,
+    messageContextRequestsArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
+    messageContextResponsesArrayBaseSlot: Fr,
+    scope: AztecAddress,
+  ) {
+    try {
+      if (!this.contractAddress.equals(contractAddress)) {
+        throw new Error(`Got a message context request from ${contractAddress}, expected ${this.contractAddress}`);
+      }
+
+      // TODO(@mverzilli): this is a prime example of where using an ephemeral array would make much more sense, we don't
+      // need scopes here, we just need a bit of shared memory to cross boundaries between Noir and TS.
+      // At the same time, we don't want to allow any global scope access other than where backwards compatibility
+      // forces us to. Hence we need the scope here to be artificial.
+      const requestCapsules = await this.capsuleService.readCapsuleArray(
+        contractAddress,
+        messageContextRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+        this.jobId,
+        scope,
+      );
+
+      const txHashes = requestCapsules.map((fields, i) => {
+        if (fields.length !== 1) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Malformed message context request at index ${i}: expected 1 field (tx hash), got ${fields.length}`,
+          );
+        }
+        return fields[0];
+      });
+
+      const maybeMessageContexts = await this.messageContextService.getMessageContextsByTxHash(
+        txHashes,
+        this.anchorBlockHeader.getBlockNumber(),
+      );
+
+      // Leave response in response capsule array.
+      await this.capsuleService.setCapsuleArray(
+        contractAddress,
+        messageContextResponsesArrayBaseSlot,
+        maybeMessageContexts.map(MessageContext.toSerializedOption),
+        this.jobId,
+        scope,
+      );
+    } finally {
+      await this.capsuleService.setCapsuleArray(
+        contractAddress,
+        messageContextRequestsArrayBaseSlot,
+        [],
+        this.jobId,
+        scope,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Reads tx hash requests from an ephemeral array, resolves their contexts, and returns the response slot. */
+  public async getMessageContextsByTxHashV2(requestArrayBaseSlot: Fr): Promise<Fr> {
+    const requestFields = this.ephemeralArrayService.readArrayAt(requestArrayBaseSlot);
+
+    const txHashes = requestFields.map((fields, i) => {
+      if (fields.length !== 1) {
+        throw new Error(
+          `Malformed message context request at index ${i}: expected 1 field (tx hash), got ${fields.length}`,
+        );
+      }
+      return fields[0];
+    });
+
+    const maybeMessageContexts = await this.messageContextService.getMessageContextsByTxHash(
+      txHashes,
+      this.anchorBlockHeader.getBlockNumber(),
     );
+
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.newArray(maybeMessageContexts.map(MessageContext.toSerializedOption));
   }
 
-  public utilityStoreCapsule(contractAddress: AztecAddress, slot: Fr, capsule: Fr[]): Promise<void> {
+  public setCapsule(contractAddress: AztecAddress, slot: Fr, capsule: Fr[], scope: AztecAddress): void {
     if (!contractAddress.equals(this.contractAddress)) {
       // TODO(#10727): instead of this check that this.contractAddress is allowed to access the external DB
       throw new Error(`Contract ${contractAddress} is not allowed to access ${this.contractAddress}'s PXE DB`);
     }
-    return this.capsuleStore.storeCapsule(this.contractAddress, slot, capsule);
+    this.capsuleService.setCapsule(contractAddress, slot, capsule, this.jobId, scope);
   }
 
-  public async utilityLoadCapsule(contractAddress: AztecAddress, slot: Fr): Promise<Fr[] | null> {
+  public getCapsule(contractAddress: AztecAddress, slot: Fr, scope: AztecAddress): Promise<Fr[] | null> {
     if (!contractAddress.equals(this.contractAddress)) {
       // TODO(#10727): instead of this check that this.contractAddress is allowed to access the external DB
       throw new Error(`Contract ${contractAddress} is not allowed to access ${this.contractAddress}'s PXE DB`);
     }
-    return (
-      // TODO(#12425): On the following line, the pertinent capsule gets overshadowed by the transient one. Tackle this.
-      this.capsules.find(c => c.contractAddress.equals(contractAddress) && c.storageSlot.equals(slot))?.data ??
-      (await this.capsuleStore.loadCapsule(this.contractAddress, slot))
-    );
+    return this.capsuleService.getCapsule(contractAddress, slot, this.jobId, scope, this.capsules);
   }
 
-  public utilityDeleteCapsule(contractAddress: AztecAddress, slot: Fr): Promise<void> {
+  public deleteCapsule(contractAddress: AztecAddress, slot: Fr, scope: AztecAddress): void {
     if (!contractAddress.equals(this.contractAddress)) {
       // TODO(#10727): instead of this check that this.contractAddress is allowed to access the external DB
       throw new Error(`Contract ${contractAddress} is not allowed to access ${this.contractAddress}'s PXE DB`);
     }
-    return this.capsuleStore.deleteCapsule(this.contractAddress, slot);
+    this.capsuleService.deleteCapsule(contractAddress, slot, this.jobId, scope);
   }
 
-  public utilityCopyCapsule(
+  public copyCapsule(
     contractAddress: AztecAddress,
     srcSlot: Fr,
     dstSlot: Fr,
     numEntries: number,
+    scope: AztecAddress,
   ): Promise<void> {
     if (!contractAddress.equals(this.contractAddress)) {
       // TODO(#10727): instead of this check that this.contractAddress is allowed to access the external DB
       throw new Error(`Contract ${contractAddress} is not allowed to access ${this.contractAddress}'s PXE DB`);
     }
-    return this.capsuleStore.copyCapsule(this.contractAddress, srcSlot, dstSlot, numEntries);
+    return this.capsuleService.copyCapsule(contractAddress, srcSlot, dstSlot, numEntries, this.jobId, scope);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clears cached sync state for a contract for a set of scopes, forcing re-sync on the next query so that newly
+   * stored notes or events are discovered.
+   */
+  public setContractSyncCacheInvalid(contractAddress: AztecAddress, scopes: AztecAddress[]): void {
+    if (!contractAddress.equals(this.contractAddress)) {
+      throw new Error(`Contract ${this.contractAddress} cannot invalidate sync cache of ${contractAddress}`);
+    }
+    this.contractSyncService.invalidateContractForScopes(contractAddress, scopes);
   }
 
   // TODO(#11849): consider replacing this oracle with a pure Noir implementation of aes decryption.
-  public utilityAes128Decrypt(ciphertext: Buffer, iv: Buffer, symKey: Buffer): Promise<Buffer> {
+  public decryptAes128(ciphertext: Buffer, iv: Buffer, symKey: Buffer): Promise<Buffer> {
     const aes128 = new Aes128();
     return aes128.decryptBufferCBC(ciphertext, iv, symKey);
   }
 
   /**
-   * Retrieves the shared secret for a given address and ephemeral public key.
+   * Retrieves the app-siloed shared secret for a given address and ephemeral public key.
    * @param address - The address to get the secret for.
    * @param ephPk - The ephemeral public key to get the secret for.
-   * @returns The secret for the given address.
+   * @param contractAddress - The contract address for app-siloing (validated against execution context).
+   * @returns The app-siloed shared secret as a Field.
    */
-  public utilityGetSharedSecret(address: AztecAddress, ephPk: Point): Promise<Point> {
-    return this.getSharedSecret(address, ephPk);
-  }
-
-  protected async getSharedSecret(address: AztecAddress, ephPk: Point): Promise<Point> {
-    // TODO(#12656): return an app-siloed secret
-    const recipientCompleteAddress = await this.getCompleteAddress(address);
+  public async getSharedSecret(address: AztecAddress, ephPk: Point, contractAddress: AztecAddress): Promise<Fr> {
+    if (!contractAddress.equals(this.contractAddress)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `getSharedSecret called with contract address ${contractAddress}, expected ${this.contractAddress}`,
+      );
+    }
+    const recipientCompleteAddress = await this.getCompleteAddressOrFail(address);
     const ivskM = await this.keyStore.getMasterSecretKey(
       recipientCompleteAddress.publicKeys.masterIncomingViewingPublicKey,
     );
     const addressSecret = await computeAddressSecret(await recipientCompleteAddress.getPreaddress(), ivskM);
-    return deriveEcdhSharedSecret(addressSecret, ephPk);
+    return deriveAppSiloedSharedSecret(addressSecret, ephPk, this.contractAddress);
+  }
+
+  public pushEphemeral(slot: Fr, elements: Fr[]): number {
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.push(slot, elements);
+  }
+
+  public popEphemeral(slot: Fr): Fr[] {
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.pop(slot);
+  }
+
+  public getEphemeral(slot: Fr, index: number): Fr[] {
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.get(slot, index);
+  }
+
+  public setEphemeral(slot: Fr, index: number, elements: Fr[]): void {
+    this.ephemeralArrayService.set(slot, index, elements);
+  }
+
+  public getEphemeralLen(slot: Fr): number {
+    return this.ephemeralArrayService.len(slot);
+  }
+
+  public removeEphemeral(slot: Fr, index: number): void {
+    this.ephemeralArrayService.remove(slot, index);
+  }
+
+  public clearEphemeral(slot: Fr): void {
+    this.ephemeralArrayService.clear(slot);
+  }
+
+  public emitOffchainEffect(data: Fr[]): Promise<void> {
+    this.offchainEffects.push({ data, contractAddress: this.contractAddress });
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+
+  /** Returns offchain effects collected during execution. */
+  public getOffchainEffects(): OffchainEffect[] {
+    return this.offchainEffects;
+  }
+
+  /** Runs a query concurrently with a validation that the block hash is not ahead of the anchor block. */
+  async #queryWithBlockHashNotAfterAnchor<T>(blockHash: BlockHash, query: () => Promise<T>): Promise<T> {
+    const [response] = await Promise.all([
+      query(),
+      (async () => {
+        const header = await this.aztecNode.getBlockHeader(blockHash);
+        if (!header) {
+          throw new Error(`Could not find block header for block hash ${blockHash}`);
+        }
+
+        if (header.getBlockNumber() > this.anchorBlockHeader.getBlockNumber()) {
+          throw new Error(
+            `Made a node query with a reference block hash ${blockHash} with block number ${header.getBlockNumber()}, which is ahead of the anchor block number ${this.anchorBlockHeader.getBlockNumber()} (from anchor block hash ${await this.anchorBlockHeader.hash()}).`,
+          );
+        }
+      })(),
+    ]);
+    return response;
   }
 }