@aztec/prover-node 0.0.1-commit.2ed92850 → 0.0.1-commit.2f68f620

package/src/metrics.ts

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   type TelemetryClient,
   type Tracer,
   type UpDownCounter,
+  createUpDownCounterWithDefault,
 } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 import { formatEther, formatUnits } from 'viem';
@@ -24,6 +25,12 @@ export class ProverNodeJobMetrics {
   provingJobBlocks: Gauge;
   provingJobTransactions: Gauge;
 
+  private blobProcessingDuration: Gauge;
+  private chonkVerifierDuration: Gauge;
+  private blockProcessingDuration: Histogram;
+  private checkpointProcessingDuration: Histogram;
+  private allCheckpointsProcessingDuration: Gauge;
+
   constructor(
     private meter: Meter,
     public readonly tracer: Tracer,
@@ -34,6 +41,14 @@ export class ProverNodeJobMetrics {
     this.provingJobCheckpoints = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_JOB_CHECKPOINTS);
     this.provingJobBlocks = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_JOB_BLOCKS);
     this.provingJobTransactions = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_JOB_TRANSACTIONS);
+
+    this.blobProcessingDuration = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_BLOB_PROCESSING_LAST_DURATION);
+    this.chonkVerifierDuration = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_CHONK_VERIFIER_LAST_DURATION);
+    this.blockProcessingDuration = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_BLOCK_PROCESSING_DURATION);
+    this.checkpointProcessingDuration = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_CHECKPOINT_PROCESSING_DURATION);
+    this.allCheckpointsProcessingDuration = this.meter.createGauge(
+      Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ALL_CHECKPOINTS_PROCESSING_LAST_DURATION,
+    );
   }
 
   public recordProvingJob(
@@ -49,6 +64,26 @@ export class ProverNodeJobMetrics {
     this.provingJobBlocks.record(Math.floor(numBlocks));
     this.provingJobTransactions.record(Math.floor(numTxs));
   }
+
+  public recordBlobProcessing(durationMs: number) {
+    this.blobProcessingDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationMs));
+  }
+
+  public recordChonkVerifier(durationMs: number) {
+    this.chonkVerifierDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationMs));
+  }
+
+  public recordBlockProcessing(durationMs: number) {
+    this.blockProcessingDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationMs));
+  }
+
+  public recordCheckpointProcessing(durationMs: number) {
+    this.checkpointProcessingDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationMs));
+  }
+
+  public recordAllCheckpointsProcessing(durationMs: number) {
+    this.allCheckpointsProcessingDuration.record(Math.ceil(durationMs));
+  }
 }
 
 export class ProverNodeRewardsMetrics {
@@ -65,7 +100,7 @@ export class ProverNodeRewardsMetrics {
   ) {
     this.rewards = this.meter.createObservableGauge(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_REWARDS_PER_EPOCH);
 
-    this.accumulatedRewards = this.meter.createUpDownCounter(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_REWARDS_TOTAL);
+    this.accumulatedRewards = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(this.meter, Metrics.PROVER_NODE_REWARDS_TOTAL);
   }
 
   public async start() {
@@ -105,6 +140,13 @@ export class ProverNodeRewardsMetrics {
   };
 }
 
+export type EstimatedSubmitProofStats = {
+  gasLimit: bigint;
+  baseFeePerGas: bigint;
+  maxPriorityFeePerGas: bigint;
+  estimatedTotalFee: bigint;
+};
+
 export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
   gasPrice: Histogram;
   txCount: UpDownCounter;
@@ -116,6 +158,10 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
   txBlobDataGasCost: Histogram;
   txTotalFee: Histogram;
 
+  private txGasEstimated: Histogram;
+  private gasPriceEstimated: Histogram;
+  private txTotalFeeEstimated: Histogram;
+
   private senderBalance: Gauge;
   private meter: Meter;
 
@@ -128,7 +174,10 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
 
     this.gasPrice = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_GAS_PRICE);
 
-    this.txCount = this.meter.createUpDownCounter(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_TX_COUNT);
+    this.txCount = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(this.meter, Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_TX_COUNT, {
+      [Attributes.L1_TX_TYPE]: ['submitProof'],
+      [Attributes.OK]: [true, false],
+    });
 
     this.txDuration = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_TX_DURATION);
 
@@ -144,6 +193,12 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
 
     this.txTotalFee = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_TX_TOTAL_FEE);
 
+    this.txGasEstimated = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ESTIMATED_SUBMISSION_GAS);
+
+    this.gasPriceEstimated = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ESTIMATED_SUBMISSION_GAS_PRICE);
+
+    this.txTotalFeeEstimated = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ESTIMATED_SUBMISSION_TOTAL_FEE);
+
     this.senderBalance = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_BALANCE);
   }
 
@@ -158,6 +213,26 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
     this.recordTx(durationMs, stats);
   }
 
+  public recordEstimatedSubmitProof(stats: EstimatedSubmitProofStats) {
+    const attributes = { [Attributes.L1_TX_TYPE]: 'submitProof' } as const;
+
+    this.txGasEstimated.record(Number(stats.gasLimit), attributes);
+
+    try {
+      this.gasPriceEstimated.record(
+        parseInt(formatEther(stats.baseFeePerGas + stats.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'gwei'), 10),
+      );
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+
+    try {
+      this.txTotalFeeEstimated.record(parseFloat(formatEther(stats.estimatedTotalFee)));
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+  }
+
   public recordSenderBalance(wei: bigint, senderAddress: string) {
     const eth = parseFloat(formatEther(wei, 'wei'));
     this.senderBalance.record(eth, {

package/src/monitors/epoch-monitor.ts

@@ -69,9 +69,8 @@ export class EpochMonitor implements Traceable {
 
   public async work() {
     const { epochToProve, blockNumber, slotNumber } = await this.getEpochNumberToProve();
-    this.log.debug(`Epoch to prove: ${epochToProve}`, { blockNumber, slotNumber });
     if (epochToProve === undefined) {
-      this.log.trace(`Next block to prove ${blockNumber} not yet mined`, { blockNumber });
+      this.log.trace(`Next block to prove ${blockNumber} not yet mined`, { epochToProve, blockNumber, slotNumber });
       return;
     }
     if (this.latestEpochNumber !== undefined && epochToProve <= this.latestEpochNumber) {
@@ -86,20 +85,20 @@ export class EpochMonitor implements Traceable {
     }
 
     if (this.options.provingDelayMs) {
-      this.log.debug(`Waiting ${this.options.provingDelayMs}ms before proving epoch ${epochToProve}`);
+      this.log.warn(`Waiting ${this.options.provingDelayMs}ms before proving epoch ${epochToProve}`);
       await sleep(this.options.provingDelayMs);
     }
 
-    this.log.debug(`Epoch ${epochToProve} is ready to be proven`);
+    this.log.verbose(`Epoch ${epochToProve} is ready to be proven`);
     if (await this.handler?.handleEpochReadyToProve(epochToProve)) {
       this.latestEpochNumber = epochToProve;
     }
   }
 
   private async getEpochNumberToProve() {
-    const lastBlockProven = await this.l2BlockSource.getProvenBlockNumber();
+    const lastBlockProven = (await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockNumber({ tag: 'proven' })) ?? BlockNumber.ZERO;
     const firstBlockToProve = BlockNumber(lastBlockProven + 1);
-    const firstBlockHeaderToProve = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockHeader(firstBlockToProve);
+    const firstBlockHeaderToProve = (await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockData({ number: firstBlockToProve }))?.header;
     if (!firstBlockHeaderToProve) {
       return { epochToProve: undefined, blockNumber: firstBlockToProve };
     }

package/src/prover-node-publisher.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { BatchedBlob, getEthBlobEvaluationInputs } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
-import { AZTEC_MAX_EPOCH_DURATION } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH } from '@aztec/constants';
 import type { RollupContract, ViemCommitteeAttestation } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
 import type { L1TxUtils } from '@aztec/ethereum/l1-tx-utils';
 import { makeTuple } from '@aztec/foundation/array';
@@ -7,21 +7,23 @@ import { CheckpointNumber, EpochNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { areArraysEqual } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
-import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import type { Tuple } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import { Timer } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import type { PublisherConfig, TxSenderConfig } from '@aztec/sequencer-client';
 import { CommitteeAttestation, CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { getProofSubmissionDeadlineTimestamp } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 import type { Proof } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
 import type { FeeRecipient, RootRollupPublicInputs } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
 import type { L1PublishProofStats } from '@aztec/stdlib/stats';
 import { type TelemetryClient, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 import { inspect } from 'util';
-import { type Hex, type TransactionReceipt, encodeFunctionData } from 'viem';
+import { type Hex, type TransactionReceipt, encodeFunctionData, formatEther, formatGwei } from 'viem';
 
-import { ProverNodePublisherMetrics } from './metrics.js';
+import { type EstimatedSubmitProofStats, ProverNodePublisherMetrics } from './metrics.js';
 
 /** Arguments to the submitEpochProof method of the rollup contract */
 export type L1SubmitEpochProofArgs = {
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ export type L1SubmitEpochProofArgs = {
   endTimestamp: Fr;
   outHash: Fr;
   proverId: Fr;
-  fees: Tuple<FeeRecipient, typeof AZTEC_MAX_EPOCH_DURATION>;
+  fees: Tuple<FeeRecipient, typeof MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH>;
   proof: Proof;
 };
 
@@ -39,10 +41,12 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
   private interrupted = false;
   private metrics: ProverNodePublisherMetrics;
 
-  protected log = createLogger('prover-node:l1-tx-publisher');
+  protected log: Logger;
 
   protected rollupContract: RollupContract;
 
+  protected proofSubmissionTarget: Hex;
+
   public readonly l1TxUtils: L1TxUtils;
 
   constructor(
@@ -50,14 +54,18 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     deps: {
       rollupContract: RollupContract;
       l1TxUtils: L1TxUtils;
+      proofSubmissionTarget?: EthAddress;
       telemetry?: TelemetryClient;
     },
+    bindings?: LoggerBindings,
   ) {
     const telemetry = deps.telemetry ?? getTelemetryClient();
 
     this.metrics = new ProverNodePublisherMetrics(telemetry, 'ProverNode');
+    this.log = createLogger('prover-node:l1-tx-publisher', bindings);
 
     this.rollupContract = deps.rollupContract;
+    this.proofSubmissionTarget = deps.proofSubmissionTarget?.toString() ?? deps.rollupContract.address;
     this.l1TxUtils = deps.l1TxUtils;
   }
 
@@ -99,6 +107,11 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     const ctx = { epochNumber, fromCheckpoint, toCheckpoint };
 
     if (!this.interrupted) {
+      if (!(await this.waitUntilStartBuildsOnProven(args))) {
+        this.log.verbose('Checkpoint data syncing interrupted', ctx);
+        return false;
+      }
+
       const timer = new Timer();
       // Validate epoch proof range and hashes are correct before submitting
       await this.validateEpochProofSubmission(args);
@@ -145,6 +158,53 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     return false;
   }
 
+  private async waitUntilStartBuildsOnProven(args: { epochNumber: EpochNumber; fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber }) {
+    const { epochNumber, fromCheckpoint } = args;
+    const provenCheckpoint = await this.getProvenCheckpoint();
+    if (this.isStartBuildingOnProven(fromCheckpoint, provenCheckpoint)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const timeout = await this.getSecondsUntilProofSubmissionWindowEnd(epochNumber);
+    this.log.info(`Waiting for proven checkpoint to reach proof start`, {
+      epochNumber,
+      fromCheckpoint,
+      provenCheckpoint,
+      timeout,
+    });
+
+    await retryUntil(
+      async () => {
+        if (this.interrupted) {
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        const proven = await this.getProvenCheckpoint();
+        this.log.verbose(`Proven checkpoint is at ${proven} (waiting for ${fromCheckpoint - 1})`, { epochNumber });
+        return this.isStartBuildingOnProven(fromCheckpoint, proven) ? true : undefined;
+      },
+      `proven checkpoint to reach ${fromCheckpoint - 1}`,
+      timeout,
+      4,
+    );
+
+    return !this.interrupted;
+  }
+
+  private async getProvenCheckpoint() {
+    return (await this.rollupContract.getTips()).proven;
+  }
+
+  private isStartBuildingOnProven(fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber, provenCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber) {
+    return fromCheckpoint - 1 <= provenCheckpoint;
+  }
+
+  private async getSecondsUntilProofSubmissionWindowEnd(epochNumber: EpochNumber) {
+    const deadline = getProofSubmissionDeadlineTimestamp(epochNumber, await this.rollupContract.getRollupConstants());
+    const now = BigInt(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000));
+    return Math.max(Number(deadline - now), 0.001);
+  }
+
   private async validateEpochProofSubmission(args: {
     fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
     toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
@@ -166,7 +226,7 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     // toCheckpoint can't be greater than pending
     if (toCheckpoint > pending) {
       throw new Error(
-        `Cannot submit epoch proof for ${fromCheckpoint}-${toCheckpoint} as pending checkpoint is ${pending}`,
+        `Cannot submit epoch proof for ${fromCheckpoint}-${toCheckpoint} as proposed checkpoint is ${pending}`,
       );
     }
 
@@ -201,13 +261,85 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     const argsPublicInputs = [...publicInputs.toFields()];
 
     if (!areArraysEqual(rollupPublicInputs, argsPublicInputs, (a, b) => a.equals(b))) {
-      const fmt = (inputs: Fr[] | readonly string[]) => inputs.map(x => x.toString()).join(', ');
-      throw new Error(
-        `Root rollup public inputs mismatch:\nRollup:  ${fmt(rollupPublicInputs)}\nComputed:${fmt(argsPublicInputs)}`,
-      );
+      throw await reportPublicInputsMismatch({
+        rollupPublicInputs,
+        argsPublicInputs,
+        fromCheckpoint,
+        toCheckpoint,
+        rollupContract: this.rollupContract,
+        log: this.log,
+      });
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Estimates what submitting the epoch proof would have cost on L1 without actually sending it.
+   * Runs the same validation as `submitEpochProof`, encodes the calldata, estimates gas, and records metrics.
+   * Used when proof publishing is disabled (e.g. PROVER_NODE_DISABLE_PROOF_PUBLISH=true on mainnet).
+   */
+  public async analyzeEpochProofSubmission(args: {
+    epochNumber: EpochNumber;
+    fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    publicInputs: RootRollupPublicInputs;
+    proof: Proof;
+    batchedBlobInputs: BatchedBlob;
+    attestations: ViemCommitteeAttestation[];
+  }): Promise<void> {
+    const { epochNumber, fromCheckpoint, toCheckpoint } = args;
+
+    await this.validateEpochProofSubmission(args);
+
+    const data = this.encodeSubmitEpochProofCalldata(args);
+    const senderAddress = this.l1TxUtils.getSenderAddress();
+
+    const [gasLimit, gasPrice, latestBlock] = await Promise.all([
+      this.l1TxUtils.estimateGas(senderAddress.toString() as `0x${string}`, { to: this.proofSubmissionTarget, data }),
+      this.l1TxUtils.getGasPrice(),
+      this.l1TxUtils.client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'latest' }),
+    ]);
+
+    const baseFeePerGas = latestBlock.baseFeePerGas ?? 0n;
+    const { maxPriorityFeePerGas } = gasPrice;
+
+    const effectiveFeePerGas = baseFeePerGas + maxPriorityFeePerGas;
+    const estimatedTotalFee = gasLimit * effectiveFeePerGas;
+
+    const stats: EstimatedSubmitProofStats = {
+      gasLimit,
+      baseFeePerGas,
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas,
+      estimatedTotalFee,
+    };
+
+    this.log.info(`Estimated epoch proof submission cost (not submitted)`, {
+      epochNumber,
+      fromCheckpoint,
+      toCheckpoint,
+      gasLimit: gasLimit.toString(),
+      baseFeePerGas: formatGwei(baseFeePerGas),
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxPriorityFeePerGas),
+      estimatedTotalFeeEth: formatEther(estimatedTotalFee),
+    });
+
+    this.metrics.recordEstimatedSubmitProof(stats);
+  }
+
+  private encodeSubmitEpochProofCalldata(args: {
+    fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    publicInputs: RootRollupPublicInputs;
+    proof: Proof;
+    batchedBlobInputs: BatchedBlob;
+    attestations: ViemCommitteeAttestation[];
+  }): Hex {
+    return encodeFunctionData({
+      abi: RollupAbi,
+      functionName: 'submitEpochRootProof',
+      args: [this.getSubmitEpochProofArgs(args)],
+    });
+  }
+
   private async sendSubmitEpochProofTx(args: {
     fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
     toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
@@ -229,7 +361,7 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
       args: txArgs,
     });
     try {
-      const { receipt } = await this.l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction({ to: this.rollupContract.address, data });
+      const { receipt } = await this.l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction({ to: this.proofSubmissionTarget, data });
       if (receipt.status !== 'success') {
         const errorMsg = await this.l1TxUtils.tryGetErrorFromRevertedTx(
           data,
@@ -237,7 +369,7 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
             args: [...txArgs],
             functionName: 'submitEpochRootProof',
             abi: RollupAbi,
-            address: this.rollupContract.address,
+            address: this.proofSubmissionTarget,
           },
           /*blobInputs*/ undefined,
           /*stateOverride*/ [],
@@ -269,7 +401,7 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
         outHash: args.publicInputs.outHash.toString(),
         proverId: EthAddress.fromField(args.publicInputs.constants.proverId).toString(),
       } /*_args*/,
-      makeTuple(AZTEC_MAX_EPOCH_DURATION * 2, i =>
+      makeTuple(MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH * 2, i =>
         i % 2 === 0
           ? args.publicInputs.fees[i / 2].recipient.toField().toString()
           : args.publicInputs.fees[(i - 1) / 2].value.toString(),
@@ -294,11 +426,108 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
       end: argsArray[1],
       args: argsArray[2],
       fees: argsArray[3],
-      attestations: new CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners(
+      attestations: CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners.packAttestations(
         args.attestations.map(a => CommitteeAttestation.fromViem(a)),
-      ).getPackedAttestations(),
+      ),
       blobInputs: argsArray[4],
       proof: proofHex,
     };
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Decodes a `Root rollup public inputs mismatch`, fetches the on-chain CheckpointLog for any
+ * mismatching `checkpointHeaderHashes[i]`, emits a structured error log, and returns a thrown-ready
+ * Error with a human-readable summary.
+ *
+ * Layout of `RootRollupPublicInputs.toFields()`:
+ *   [0]                   previousArchiveRoot
+ *   [1]                   endArchiveRoot
+ *   [2]                   outHash
+ *   [3 .. 3+N-1]          checkpointHeaderHashes[i] for i in 0..N-1   (N = MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH)
+ *   [3+N .. 3+3N-1]       fees[i] = (recipient, value) for i in 0..N-1
+ *   [3+3N .. 3+3N+4]      EpochConstantData (chainId, version, vkTreeRoot, protocolContractsHash, proverId)
+ *   [3+3N+5 ..]           blobPublicInputs (FinalBlobAccumulator)
+ */
+async function reportPublicInputsMismatch(input: {
+  rollupPublicInputs: readonly Fr[];
+  argsPublicInputs: readonly Fr[];
+  fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+  toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+  rollupContract: RollupContract;
+  log: Logger;
+}): Promise<Error> {
+  const { rollupPublicInputs, argsPublicInputs, fromCheckpoint, toCheckpoint, rollupContract, log } = input;
+  const N = MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH;
+  const constantsStart = 3 + 3 * N;
+  const blobStart = constantsStart + 5;
+  const constantLabels = ['chainId', 'version', 'vkTreeRoot', 'protocolContractsHash', 'proverId'];
+
+  const diffs: { index: number; label: string; rollup: Fr; computed: Fr; checkpointIndex?: number }[] = [];
+  const len = Math.max(rollupPublicInputs.length, argsPublicInputs.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    const a = rollupPublicInputs[i] ?? Fr.ZERO;
+    const b = argsPublicInputs[i] ?? Fr.ZERO;
+    if (a.equals(b)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    let label: string;
+    let checkpointIndex: number | undefined;
+    if (i === 0) {
+      label = 'previousArchiveRoot';
+    } else if (i === 1) {
+      label = 'endArchiveRoot';
+    } else if (i === 2) {
+      label = 'outHash';
+    } else if (i < 3 + N) {
+      checkpointIndex = i - 3;
+      label = `checkpointHeaderHashes[${checkpointIndex}]`;
+    } else if (i < 3 + 3 * N) {
+      const feePairIndex = i - (3 + N);
+      const feeIndex = Math.floor(feePairIndex / 2);
+      const sub = feePairIndex % 2 === 0 ? 'recipient' : 'value';
+      label = `fees[${feeIndex}].${sub}`;
+    } else if (i < blobStart) {
+      label = `constants.${constantLabels[i - constantsStart]}`;
+    } else {
+      label = `blobPublicInputs[${i - blobStart}]`;
+    }
+    diffs.push({ index: i, label, rollup: a, computed: b, checkpointIndex });
+  }
+
+  // For each mismatching checkpointHeaderHash, fetch the L1 CheckpointLog so the operator can
+  // see what was published on-chain alongside the prover's recomputed hash.
+  const onChainCheckpoints = await Promise.all(
+    diffs
+      .filter(d => d.checkpointIndex !== undefined)
+      .map(async d => {
+        const checkpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(fromCheckpoint + d.checkpointIndex!);
+        try {
+          const cp = await rollupContract.getCheckpoint(checkpointNumber);
+          return { checkpointIndex: d.checkpointIndex!, checkpointNumber, headerHash: cp.headerHash.toString() };
+        } catch (err) {
+          return { checkpointIndex: d.checkpointIndex!, checkpointNumber, error: (err as Error).message };
+        }
+      }),
+  );
+
+  log.error(`Root rollup public inputs mismatch`, undefined, {
+    fromCheckpoint,
+    toCheckpoint,
+    numDiffs: diffs.length,
+    diffs: diffs.map(d => ({
+      index: d.index,
+      label: d.label,
+      rollup: d.rollup.toString(),
+      computed: d.computed.toString(),
+    })),
+    onChainCheckpoints,
+  });
+
+  const fmt = (inputs: readonly Fr[]) => inputs.map(x => x.toString()).join(', ');
+  const summary = diffs.map(d => `[${d.index} ${d.label}] L1=${d.rollup} prover=${d.computed}`).join('\n');
+  return new Error(
+    `Root rollup public inputs mismatch (${diffs.length} fields differ):\n${summary}\n` +
+      `Rollup:  ${fmt(rollupPublicInputs)}\nComputed:${fmt(argsPublicInputs)}`,
+  );
+}