@aztec/prover-node 0.0.1-commit.2448fdb → 0.0.1-commit.2606882

package/src/job/epoch-proving-job.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-import { NUMBER_OF_L1_L2_MESSAGES_PER_ROLLUP } from '@aztec/constants';
 import { asyncPool } from '@aztec/foundation/async-pool';
 import { BlockNumber, EpochNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
-import { padArrayEnd } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { RunningPromise, promiseWithResolvers } from '@aztec/foundation/promise';
@@ -20,8 +18,8 @@ import {
   EpochProvingJobTerminalState,
   type ForkMerkleTreeOperations,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
+import { appendL1ToL2MessagesToTree } from '@aztec/stdlib/messaging';
 import { CheckpointConstantData } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
-import { MerkleTreeId } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
 import type { ProcessedTx, Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import { Attributes, type Traceable, type Tracer, trackSpan } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
@@ -48,6 +46,7 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
   private uuid: string;
 
   private runPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
+  private abortController = new AbortController();
   private epochCheckPromise: RunningPromise | undefined;
   private deadlineTimeoutHandler: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
 
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
     private dbProvider: Pick<ForkMerkleTreeOperations, 'fork'>,
     private prover: EpochProver,
     private publicProcessorFactory: PublicProcessorFactory,
-    private publisher: Pick<ProverNodePublisher, 'submitEpochProof'>,
+    private publisher: Pick<ProverNodePublisher, 'submitEpochProof' | 'analyzeEpochProofSubmission'>,
     private l2BlockSource: L2BlockSource | undefined,
     private metrics: ProverNodeJobMetrics,
     private deadline: Date | undefined,
@@ -172,7 +171,7 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
           ? AVM_MAX_CONCURRENT_SIMULATIONS
           : this.checkpoints.length;
 
-      await asyncPool(parallelism, this.checkpoints, async checkpoint => {
+      await this.processCheckpoints(parallelism, async checkpoint => {
         this.checkState();
         const checkpointTimer = new Timer();
 
@@ -191,11 +190,12 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
         const previousHeader = previousBlockHeaders[checkpointIndex];
         const l1ToL2Messages = this.getL1ToL2Messages(checkpoint);
 
-        this.log.verbose(`Starting processing checkpoint ${checkpoint.number}`, {
+        this.log.debug(`Starting processing checkpoint ${checkpoint.number}`, {
           number: checkpoint.number,
           checkpointHash: checkpoint.hash().toString(),
-          lastArchive: checkpoint.header.lastArchiveRoot,
-          previousHeader: previousHeader.hash(),
+          headerHash: checkpoint.header.hash().toString(),
+          numL1ToL2Messages: l1ToL2Messages.length,
+          previousBlockNumber: previousHeader.globalVariables.blockNumber,
           uuid: this.uuid,
         });
 
@@ -229,22 +229,26 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
 
           // Process public fns. L1 to L2 messages are only inserted for the first block of a checkpoint,
           // as the fork for subsequent blocks already includes them from the previous block's synced state.
-          const db = await this.createFork(
-            BlockNumber(block.number - 1),
-            blockIndex === 0 ? l1ToL2Messages : undefined,
-          );
-          const config = PublicSimulatorConfig.from({
-            proverId: this.prover.getProverId().toField(),
-            skipFeeEnforcement: false,
-            collectDebugLogs: false,
-            collectHints: true,
-            collectPublicInputs: true,
-            collectStatistics: false,
-          });
-          const publicProcessor = this.publicProcessorFactory.create(db, globalVariables, config);
-          const processed = await this.processTxs(publicProcessor, txs);
-          await this.prover.addTxs(processed);
-          await db.close();
+          {
+            await using db = await this.createFork(
+              BlockNumber(block.number - 1),
+              blockIndex === 0 ? l1ToL2Messages : undefined,
+            );
+            this.checkState();
+            const config = PublicSimulatorConfig.from({
+              proverId: this.prover.getProverId().toField(),
+              skipFeeEnforcement: false,
+              collectDebugLogs: false,
+              collectHints: true,
+              collectPublicInputs: true,
+              collectStatistics: false,
+            });
+            const publicProcessor = this.publicProcessorFactory.create(db, globalVariables, config);
+            const processed = await this.processTxs(publicProcessor, txs);
+            this.checkState();
+            await this.prover.addTxs(processed);
+          }
+          this.checkState();
           this.log.verbose(`Processed all ${txs.length} txs for block ${block.number}`, {
             blockNumber: block.number,
             blockHash: (await block.hash()).toString(),
@@ -270,8 +274,21 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
 
       if (this.config.skipSubmitProof) {
         this.log.info(
-          `Proof publishing is disabled. Dropping valid proof for epoch ${epochNumber} (checkpoints ${fromCheckpoint} to ${toCheckpoint})`,
+          `Proof publishing is disabled. Analyzing estimated L1 fees for epoch ${epochNumber} (checkpoints ${fromCheckpoint} to ${toCheckpoint})`,
         );
+        try {
+          await this.publisher.analyzeEpochProofSubmission({
+            fromCheckpoint,
+            toCheckpoint,
+            epochNumber,
+            publicInputs,
+            proof,
+            batchedBlobInputs,
+            attestations,
+          });
+        } catch (err) {
+          this.log.warn(`Failed to analyze estimated L1 fees for epoch ${epochNumber}`, err);
+        }
         this.state = 'completed';
         this.metrics.recordProvingJob(executionTime, timer.ms(), epochSizeCheckpoints, epochSizeBlocks, epochSizeTxs);
         return;
@@ -325,25 +342,56 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
    */
   private async createFork(blockNumber: BlockNumber, l1ToL2Messages: Fr[] | undefined) {
     this.log.verbose(`Creating fork at ${blockNumber}`, { blockNumber });
-    const db = await this.dbProvider.fork(blockNumber);
+    // temporary stack to control fork lifetime
+    await using cleanup = new AsyncDisposableStack();
+    const db = cleanup.use(await this.dbProvider.fork(blockNumber));
 
     if (l1ToL2Messages !== undefined) {
       this.log.verbose(`Inserting ${l1ToL2Messages.length} L1 to L2 messages in fork`, {
         blockNumber,
         l1ToL2Messages: l1ToL2Messages.map(m => m.toString()),
       });
-      const l1ToL2MessagesPadded = padArrayEnd<Fr, number>(
-        l1ToL2Messages,
-        Fr.ZERO,
-        NUMBER_OF_L1_L2_MESSAGES_PER_ROLLUP,
-        'Too many L1 to L2 messages',
-      );
-      await db.appendLeaves(MerkleTreeId.L1_TO_L2_MESSAGE_TREE, l1ToL2MessagesPadded);
+      await appendL1ToL2MessagesToTree(db, l1ToL2Messages);
     }
 
+    // everything run succesfully so we can release this stack and give control of the fork's lifetime to the caller
+    cleanup.move();
     return db;
   }
 
+  private async processCheckpoints(
+    parallelism: number,
+    processCheckpoint: (checkpoint: Checkpoint) => Promise<void>,
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    let hasError = false;
+    let firstError: unknown;
+
+    await asyncPool(Math.max(parallelism, 1), this.checkpoints, async checkpoint => {
+      if (hasError || this.abortController.signal.aborted) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      try {
+        this.checkState();
+        await processCheckpoint(checkpoint);
+      } catch (err) {
+        if (!hasError) {
+          hasError = true;
+          firstError = err;
+          this.failProcessing();
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (hasError) {
+      throw firstError;
+    }
+
+    if (this.abortController.signal.aborted) {
+      this.checkState();
+    }
+  }
+
   private progressState(state: EpochProvingJobState) {
     this.checkState();
     this.state = state;
@@ -357,12 +405,24 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
 
   public async stop(state: EpochProvingJobTerminalState = 'stopped') {
     this.state = state;
-    this.prover.cancel();
+    this.interruptProcessing();
     if (this.runPromise) {
       await this.runPromise;
     }
   }
 
+  private failProcessing() {
+    if (!EpochProvingJobTerminalState.includes(this.state)) {
+      this.state = 'failed';
+    }
+    this.interruptProcessing();
+  }
+
+  private interruptProcessing() {
+    this.abortController.abort();
+    this.prover.cancel();
+  }
+
   private scheduleDeadlineStop() {
     const deadline = this.deadline;
     if (deadline) {
@@ -397,7 +457,9 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
     const intervalMs = Math.ceil((await l2BlockSource.getL1Constants()).ethereumSlotDuration / 2) * 1000;
     this.epochCheckPromise = new RunningPromise(
       async () => {
-        const blockHeaders = await l2BlockSource.getCheckpointedBlockHeadersForEpoch(this.epochNumber);
+        const blockHeaders = (
+          await l2BlockSource.getBlocksData({ epoch: this.epochNumber, onlyCheckpointed: true })
+        ).map(d => d.header);
         const blockHashes = await Promise.all(blockHeaders.map(header => header.hash()));
         const thisBlocks = this.checkpoints.flatMap(checkpoint => checkpoint.blocks);
         const thisBlockHashes = await Promise.all(thisBlocks.map(block => block.hash()));
@@ -436,7 +498,11 @@ export class EpochProvingJob implements Traceable {
 
   private async processTxs(publicProcessor: PublicProcessor, txs: Tx[]): Promise<ProcessedTx[]> {
     const { deadline } = this;
-    const [processedTxs, failedTxs] = await publicProcessor.process(txs, { deadline });
+    const [processedTxs, failedTxs] = await publicProcessor.process(txs, {
+      deadline,
+      signal: this.abortController.signal,
+    });
+    this.checkState();
 
     if (failedTxs.length) {
       const failedTxHashes = await Promise.all(failedTxs.map(({ tx }) => tx.getTxHash()));

package/src/metrics.ts

@@ -140,6 +140,13 @@ export class ProverNodeRewardsMetrics {
   };
 }
 
+export type EstimatedSubmitProofStats = {
+  gasLimit: bigint;
+  baseFeePerGas: bigint;
+  maxPriorityFeePerGas: bigint;
+  estimatedTotalFee: bigint;
+};
+
 export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
   gasPrice: Histogram;
   txCount: UpDownCounter;
@@ -151,6 +158,10 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
   txBlobDataGasCost: Histogram;
   txTotalFee: Histogram;
 
+  private txGasEstimated: Histogram;
+  private gasPriceEstimated: Histogram;
+  private txTotalFeeEstimated: Histogram;
+
   private senderBalance: Gauge;
   private meter: Meter;
 
@@ -182,6 +193,12 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
 
     this.txTotalFee = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_TX_TOTAL_FEE);
 
+    this.txGasEstimated = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ESTIMATED_SUBMISSION_GAS);
+
+    this.gasPriceEstimated = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ESTIMATED_SUBMISSION_GAS_PRICE);
+
+    this.txTotalFeeEstimated = this.meter.createHistogram(Metrics.PROVER_NODE_ESTIMATED_SUBMISSION_TOTAL_FEE);
+
     this.senderBalance = this.meter.createGauge(Metrics.L1_PUBLISHER_BALANCE);
   }
 
@@ -196,6 +213,26 @@ export class ProverNodePublisherMetrics {
     this.recordTx(durationMs, stats);
   }
 
+  public recordEstimatedSubmitProof(stats: EstimatedSubmitProofStats) {
+    const attributes = { [Attributes.L1_TX_TYPE]: 'submitProof' } as const;
+
+    this.txGasEstimated.record(Number(stats.gasLimit), attributes);
+
+    try {
+      this.gasPriceEstimated.record(
+        parseInt(formatEther(stats.baseFeePerGas + stats.maxPriorityFeePerGas, 'gwei'), 10),
+      );
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+
+    try {
+      this.txTotalFeeEstimated.record(parseFloat(formatEther(stats.estimatedTotalFee)));
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+  }
+
   public recordSenderBalance(wei: bigint, senderAddress: string) {
     const eth = parseFloat(formatEther(wei, 'wei'));
     this.senderBalance.record(eth, {

package/src/monitors/epoch-monitor.ts

@@ -96,9 +96,9 @@ export class EpochMonitor implements Traceable {
   }
 
   private async getEpochNumberToProve() {
-    const lastBlockProven = await this.l2BlockSource.getProvenBlockNumber();
+    const lastBlockProven = (await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockNumber({ tag: 'proven' })) ?? BlockNumber.ZERO;
     const firstBlockToProve = BlockNumber(lastBlockProven + 1);
-    const firstBlockHeaderToProve = await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockHeader(firstBlockToProve);
+    const firstBlockHeaderToProve = (await this.l2BlockSource.getBlockData({ number: firstBlockToProve }))?.header;
     if (!firstBlockHeaderToProve) {
       return { epochToProve: undefined, blockNumber: firstBlockToProve };
     }

package/src/prover-node-publisher.ts

@@ -8,20 +8,22 @@ import { areArraysEqual } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import type { Tuple } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import { Timer } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import type { PublisherConfig, TxSenderConfig } from '@aztec/sequencer-client';
 import { CommitteeAttestation, CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { getProofSubmissionDeadlineTimestamp } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
 import type { Proof } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
 import type { FeeRecipient, RootRollupPublicInputs } from '@aztec/stdlib/rollup';
 import type { L1PublishProofStats } from '@aztec/stdlib/stats';
 import { type TelemetryClient, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 import { inspect } from 'util';
-import { type Hex, type TransactionReceipt, encodeFunctionData } from 'viem';
+import { type Hex, type TransactionReceipt, encodeFunctionData, formatEther, formatGwei } from 'viem';
 
-import { ProverNodePublisherMetrics } from './metrics.js';
+import { type EstimatedSubmitProofStats, ProverNodePublisherMetrics } from './metrics.js';
 
 /** Arguments to the submitEpochProof method of the rollup contract */
 export type L1SubmitEpochProofArgs = {
@@ -101,6 +103,11 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     const ctx = { epochNumber, fromCheckpoint, toCheckpoint };
 
     if (!this.interrupted) {
+      if (!(await this.waitUntilStartBuildsOnProven(args))) {
+        this.log.verbose('Checkpoint data syncing interrupted', ctx);
+        return false;
+      }
+
       const timer = new Timer();
       // Validate epoch proof range and hashes are correct before submitting
       await this.validateEpochProofSubmission(args);
@@ -147,6 +154,53 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     return false;
   }
 
+  private async waitUntilStartBuildsOnProven(args: { epochNumber: EpochNumber; fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber }) {
+    const { epochNumber, fromCheckpoint } = args;
+    const provenCheckpoint = await this.getProvenCheckpoint();
+    if (this.isStartBuildingOnProven(fromCheckpoint, provenCheckpoint)) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    const timeout = await this.getSecondsUntilProofSubmissionWindowEnd(epochNumber);
+    this.log.info(`Waiting for proven checkpoint to reach proof start`, {
+      epochNumber,
+      fromCheckpoint,
+      provenCheckpoint,
+      timeout,
+    });
+
+    await retryUntil(
+      async () => {
+        if (this.interrupted) {
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        const proven = await this.getProvenCheckpoint();
+        this.log.verbose(`Proven checkpoint is at ${proven} (waiting for ${fromCheckpoint - 1})`, { epochNumber });
+        return this.isStartBuildingOnProven(fromCheckpoint, proven) ? true : undefined;
+      },
+      `proven checkpoint to reach ${fromCheckpoint - 1}`,
+      timeout,
+      4,
+    );
+
+    return !this.interrupted;
+  }
+
+  private async getProvenCheckpoint() {
+    return (await this.rollupContract.getTips()).proven;
+  }
+
+  private isStartBuildingOnProven(fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber, provenCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber) {
+    return fromCheckpoint - 1 <= provenCheckpoint;
+  }
+
+  private async getSecondsUntilProofSubmissionWindowEnd(epochNumber: EpochNumber) {
+    const deadline = getProofSubmissionDeadlineTimestamp(epochNumber, await this.rollupContract.getRollupConstants());
+    const now = BigInt(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000));
+    return Math.max(Number(deadline - now), 0.001);
+  }
+
   private async validateEpochProofSubmission(args: {
     fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
     toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
@@ -168,7 +222,7 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     // toCheckpoint can't be greater than pending
     if (toCheckpoint > pending) {
       throw new Error(
-        `Cannot submit epoch proof for ${fromCheckpoint}-${toCheckpoint} as pending checkpoint is ${pending}`,
+        `Cannot submit epoch proof for ${fromCheckpoint}-${toCheckpoint} as proposed checkpoint is ${pending}`,
       );
     }
 
@@ -203,13 +257,85 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
     const argsPublicInputs = [...publicInputs.toFields()];
 
     if (!areArraysEqual(rollupPublicInputs, argsPublicInputs, (a, b) => a.equals(b))) {
-      const fmt = (inputs: Fr[] | readonly string[]) => inputs.map(x => x.toString()).join(', ');
-      throw new Error(
-        `Root rollup public inputs mismatch:\nRollup:  ${fmt(rollupPublicInputs)}\nComputed:${fmt(argsPublicInputs)}`,
-      );
+      throw await reportPublicInputsMismatch({
+        rollupPublicInputs,
+        argsPublicInputs,
+        fromCheckpoint,
+        toCheckpoint,
+        rollupContract: this.rollupContract,
+        log: this.log,
+      });
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Estimates what submitting the epoch proof would have cost on L1 without actually sending it.
+   * Runs the same validation as `submitEpochProof`, encodes the calldata, estimates gas, and records metrics.
+   * Used when proof publishing is disabled (e.g. PROVER_NODE_DISABLE_PROOF_PUBLISH=true on mainnet).
+   */
+  public async analyzeEpochProofSubmission(args: {
+    epochNumber: EpochNumber;
+    fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    publicInputs: RootRollupPublicInputs;
+    proof: Proof;
+    batchedBlobInputs: BatchedBlob;
+    attestations: ViemCommitteeAttestation[];
+  }): Promise<void> {
+    const { epochNumber, fromCheckpoint, toCheckpoint } = args;
+
+    await this.validateEpochProofSubmission(args);
+
+    const data = this.encodeSubmitEpochProofCalldata(args);
+    const senderAddress = this.l1TxUtils.getSenderAddress();
+
+    const [gasLimit, gasPrice, latestBlock] = await Promise.all([
+      this.l1TxUtils.estimateGas(senderAddress.toString() as `0x${string}`, { to: this.rollupContract.address, data }),
+      this.l1TxUtils.getGasPrice(),
+      this.l1TxUtils.client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'latest' }),
+    ]);
+
+    const baseFeePerGas = latestBlock.baseFeePerGas ?? 0n;
+    const { maxPriorityFeePerGas } = gasPrice;
+
+    const effectiveFeePerGas = baseFeePerGas + maxPriorityFeePerGas;
+    const estimatedTotalFee = gasLimit * effectiveFeePerGas;
+
+    const stats: EstimatedSubmitProofStats = {
+      gasLimit,
+      baseFeePerGas,
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas,
+      estimatedTotalFee,
+    };
+
+    this.log.info(`Estimated epoch proof submission cost (not submitted)`, {
+      epochNumber,
+      fromCheckpoint,
+      toCheckpoint,
+      gasLimit: gasLimit.toString(),
+      baseFeePerGas: formatGwei(baseFeePerGas),
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxPriorityFeePerGas),
+      estimatedTotalFeeEth: formatEther(estimatedTotalFee),
+    });
+
+    this.metrics.recordEstimatedSubmitProof(stats);
+  }
+
+  private encodeSubmitEpochProofCalldata(args: {
+    fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+    publicInputs: RootRollupPublicInputs;
+    proof: Proof;
+    batchedBlobInputs: BatchedBlob;
+    attestations: ViemCommitteeAttestation[];
+  }): Hex {
+    return encodeFunctionData({
+      abi: RollupAbi,
+      functionName: 'submitEpochRootProof',
+      args: [this.getSubmitEpochProofArgs(args)],
+    });
+  }
+
   private async sendSubmitEpochProofTx(args: {
     fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
     toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
@@ -296,11 +422,108 @@ export class ProverNodePublisher {
       end: argsArray[1],
       args: argsArray[2],
       fees: argsArray[3],
-      attestations: new CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners(
+      attestations: CommitteeAttestationsAndSigners.packAttestations(
         args.attestations.map(a => CommitteeAttestation.fromViem(a)),
-      ).getPackedAttestations(),
+      ),
       blobInputs: argsArray[4],
       proof: proofHex,
     };
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Decodes a `Root rollup public inputs mismatch`, fetches the on-chain CheckpointLog for any
+ * mismatching `checkpointHeaderHashes[i]`, emits a structured error log, and returns a thrown-ready
+ * Error with a human-readable summary.
+ *
+ * Layout of `RootRollupPublicInputs.toFields()`:
+ *   [0]                   previousArchiveRoot
+ *   [1]                   endArchiveRoot
+ *   [2]                   outHash
+ *   [3 .. 3+N-1]          checkpointHeaderHashes[i] for i in 0..N-1   (N = MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH)
+ *   [3+N .. 3+3N-1]       fees[i] = (recipient, value) for i in 0..N-1
+ *   [3+3N .. 3+3N+4]      EpochConstantData (chainId, version, vkTreeRoot, protocolContractsHash, proverId)
+ *   [3+3N+5 ..]           blobPublicInputs (FinalBlobAccumulator)
+ */
+async function reportPublicInputsMismatch(input: {
+  rollupPublicInputs: readonly Fr[];
+  argsPublicInputs: readonly Fr[];
+  fromCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+  toCheckpoint: CheckpointNumber;
+  rollupContract: RollupContract;
+  log: Logger;
+}): Promise<Error> {
+  const { rollupPublicInputs, argsPublicInputs, fromCheckpoint, toCheckpoint, rollupContract, log } = input;
+  const N = MAX_CHECKPOINTS_PER_EPOCH;
+  const constantsStart = 3 + 3 * N;
+  const blobStart = constantsStart + 5;
+  const constantLabels = ['chainId', 'version', 'vkTreeRoot', 'protocolContractsHash', 'proverId'];
+
+  const diffs: { index: number; label: string; rollup: Fr; computed: Fr; checkpointIndex?: number }[] = [];
+  const len = Math.max(rollupPublicInputs.length, argsPublicInputs.length);
+  for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+    const a = rollupPublicInputs[i] ?? Fr.ZERO;
+    const b = argsPublicInputs[i] ?? Fr.ZERO;
+    if (a.equals(b)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    let label: string;
+    let checkpointIndex: number | undefined;
+    if (i === 0) {
+      label = 'previousArchiveRoot';
+    } else if (i === 1) {
+      label = 'endArchiveRoot';
+    } else if (i === 2) {
+      label = 'outHash';
+    } else if (i < 3 + N) {
+      checkpointIndex = i - 3;
+      label = `checkpointHeaderHashes[${checkpointIndex}]`;
+    } else if (i < 3 + 3 * N) {
+      const feePairIndex = i - (3 + N);
+      const feeIndex = Math.floor(feePairIndex / 2);
+      const sub = feePairIndex % 2 === 0 ? 'recipient' : 'value';
+      label = `fees[${feeIndex}].${sub}`;
+    } else if (i < blobStart) {
+      label = `constants.${constantLabels[i - constantsStart]}`;
+    } else {
+      label = `blobPublicInputs[${i - blobStart}]`;
+    }
+    diffs.push({ index: i, label, rollup: a, computed: b, checkpointIndex });
+  }
+
+  // For each mismatching checkpointHeaderHash, fetch the L1 CheckpointLog so the operator can
+  // see what was published on-chain alongside the prover's recomputed hash.
+  const onChainCheckpoints = await Promise.all(
+    diffs
+      .filter(d => d.checkpointIndex !== undefined)
+      .map(async d => {
+        const checkpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(fromCheckpoint + d.checkpointIndex!);
+        try {
+          const cp = await rollupContract.getCheckpoint(checkpointNumber);
+          return { checkpointIndex: d.checkpointIndex!, checkpointNumber, headerHash: cp.headerHash.toString() };
+        } catch (err) {
+          return { checkpointIndex: d.checkpointIndex!, checkpointNumber, error: (err as Error).message };
+        }
+      }),
+  );
+
+  log.error(`Root rollup public inputs mismatch`, undefined, {
+    fromCheckpoint,
+    toCheckpoint,
+    numDiffs: diffs.length,
+    diffs: diffs.map(d => ({
+      index: d.index,
+      label: d.label,
+      rollup: d.rollup.toString(),
+      computed: d.computed.toString(),
+    })),
+    onChainCheckpoints,
+  });
+
+  const fmt = (inputs: readonly Fr[]) => inputs.map(x => x.toString()).join(', ');
+  const summary = diffs.map(d => `[${d.index} ${d.label}] L1=${d.rollup} prover=${d.computed}`).join('\n');
+  return new Error(
+    `Root rollup public inputs mismatch (${diffs.length} fields differ):\n${summary}\n` +
+      `Rollup:  ${fmt(rollupPublicInputs)}\nComputed:${fmt(argsPublicInputs)}`,
+  );
+}