@aztec/p2p 0.0.1-commit.e3c1de76 → 0.0.1-commit.e558bd1c

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/tx_pool_v2_impl.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,882 @@
+import { SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap } from '@aztec/kv-store';
+import { ProtocolContractAddress } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
+import { computeFeePayerBalanceStorageSlot } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts/fee-juice';
+import { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
+import type { L2Block, L2BlockId, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import type { WorldStateSynchronizer } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
+import { DatabasePublicStateSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
+import { BlockHeader, Tx, TxHash, type TxValidator } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
+
+import { TxArchive } from './archive/index.js';
+import {
+  EvictionManager,
+  FeePayerBalanceEvictionRule,
+  FeePayerBalancePreAddRule,
+  InvalidTxsAfterMiningRule,
+  InvalidTxsAfterReorgRule,
+  LowPriorityEvictionRule,
+  LowPriorityPreAddRule,
+  NullifierConflictRule,
+  type PoolOperations,
+  type PreAddPoolAccess,
+} from './eviction/index.js';
+import {
+  type AddTxsResult,
+  DEFAULT_TX_POOL_V2_CONFIG,
+  type PoolReadAccess,
+  type TxPoolV2Config,
+  type TxPoolV2Dependencies,
+} from './interfaces.js';
+import { type TxMetaData, type TxState, buildTxMetaData, checkNullifierConflict } from './tx_metadata.js';
+import { TxPoolIndices } from './tx_pool_indices.js';
+
+/**
+ * Callbacks for the implementation to notify the outer class about events and metrics.
+ */
+export interface TxPoolV2Callbacks {
+  onTxsAdded: (txs: Tx[], opts: { source?: string }) => void;
+  onTxsRemoved: (txHashes: string[] | bigint[]) => void;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Implementation of TxPoolV2 logic.
+ *
+ * This class contains all the actual transaction pool logic.
+ */
+export class TxPoolV2Impl {
+  // === Persistence ===
+  #store: AztecAsyncKVStore;
+  #txsDB: AztecAsyncMap<string, Buffer>;
+
+  // === Dependencies ===
+  #l2BlockSource: L2BlockSource;
+  #worldStateSynchronizer: WorldStateSynchronizer;
+  #pendingTxValidator: TxValidator<Tx>;
+
+  // === In-Memory Indices ===
+  #indices: TxPoolIndices = new TxPoolIndices();
+
+  // === Config & Services ===
+  #config: TxPoolV2Config;
+  #archive: TxArchive;
+  #evictionManager: EvictionManager;
+  #log: Logger;
+  #callbacks: TxPoolV2Callbacks;
+
+  constructor(
+    store: AztecAsyncKVStore,
+    archiveStore: AztecAsyncKVStore,
+    deps: TxPoolV2Dependencies,
+    callbacks: TxPoolV2Callbacks,
+    config: Partial<TxPoolV2Config> = {},
+    log: Logger,
+  ) {
+    this.#store = store;
+    this.#txsDB = store.openMap('txs');
+
+    this.#l2BlockSource = deps.l2BlockSource;
+    this.#worldStateSynchronizer = deps.worldStateSynchronizer;
+    this.#pendingTxValidator = deps.pendingTxValidator;
+
+    this.#config = { ...DEFAULT_TX_POOL_V2_CONFIG, ...config };
+    this.#archive = new TxArchive(archiveStore, this.#config.archivedTxLimit, log);
+    this.#log = log;
+    this.#callbacks = callbacks;
+
+    // Setup eviction manager with rules
+    this.#evictionManager = new EvictionManager(this.#createPoolOperations(), log);
+
+    // Pre-add rules (run during addPendingTxs) - work with TxMetaData
+    this.#evictionManager.registerPreAddRule(new NullifierConflictRule());
+    this.#evictionManager.registerPreAddRule(new FeePayerBalancePreAddRule());
+    this.#evictionManager.registerPreAddRule(
+      new LowPriorityPreAddRule({ maxPoolSize: this.#config.maxPendingTxCount }),
+    );
+
+    // Post-event eviction rules (run after events to check ALL pending txs)
+    this.#evictionManager.registerRule(new InvalidTxsAfterMiningRule());
+    this.#evictionManager.registerRule(new InvalidTxsAfterReorgRule(deps.worldStateSynchronizer));
+    this.#evictionManager.registerRule(new FeePayerBalanceEvictionRule(deps.worldStateSynchronizer));
+    // LowPriorityEvictionRule handles cases where txs become pending via prepareForSlot (unprotect)
+    // The pre-add rule handles the addPendingTxs case, but post-event is needed for unprotect
+    this.#evictionManager.registerRule(new LowPriorityEvictionRule({ maxPoolSize: this.#config.maxPendingTxCount }));
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // PUBLIC IMPLEMENTATION METHODS
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Hydrates the in-memory state from the database on startup.
+   * Pipeline: Load → Check Mined Status → Partition → Validate Non-Mined → Rebuild Pending Pool → Delete Invalid
+   *
+   * Note: Protected status is lost on restart. All non-mined txs are rebuilt as pending
+   * by running pre-add rules to resolve nullifier conflicts, balance checks, and pool size limits.
+   */
+  async hydrateFromDatabase(): Promise<void> {
+    // Step 1: Load all transactions from DB
+    const { loaded, errors: deserializationErrors } = await this.#loadAllTxsFromDb();
+
+    // Step 2: Check mined status for each tx
+    await this.#markMinedStatusBatch(loaded.map(l => l.meta));
+
+    // Step 3: Partition by mined status
+    const mined: TxMetaData[] = [];
+    const nonMined: { tx: Tx; meta: TxMetaData }[] = [];
+    for (const entry of loaded) {
+      if (entry.meta.minedL2BlockId !== undefined) {
+        mined.push(entry.meta);
+      } else {
+        nonMined.push(entry);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Step 4: Validate non-mined transactions
+    const { valid, invalid } = await this.#validateTxBatch(nonMined, 'on startup');
+
+    // Step 5: Populate mined indices (these don't need conflict resolution)
+    for (const meta of mined) {
+      this.#indices.addMined(meta);
+    }
+
+    // Step 6: Rebuild pending pool by running pre-add rules for each tx
+    // This resolves nullifier conflicts, fee payer balance issues, and pool size limits
+    const { rejected } = await this.#rebuildPendingPool(valid);
+
+    // Step 7: Delete invalid and rejected txs from DB only (indices were never populated for these)
+    const toDelete = [...deserializationErrors, ...invalid, ...rejected];
+    if (toDelete.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    await this.#store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      for (const txHashStr of toDelete) {
+        await this.#txsDB.delete(txHashStr);
+      }
+    });
+    this.#log.info(`Deleted ${toDelete.length} invalid/rejected transactions on startup`);
+  }
+
+  async addPendingTxs(txs: Tx[], opts: { source?: string }): Promise<AddTxsResult> {
+    const accepted: TxHash[] = [];
+    const ignored: TxHash[] = [];
+    const rejected: TxHash[] = [];
+    const acceptedPending = new Set<string>();
+
+    const poolAccess = this.#createPreAddPoolAccess();
+
+    await this.#store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      for (const tx of txs) {
+        const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
+        const txHashStr = txHash.toString();
+
+        // Skip duplicates
+        if (this.#indices.has(txHashStr)) {
+          ignored.push(txHash);
+          continue;
+        }
+
+        // Check mined status first (applies to all paths)
+        const minedBlockId = await this.#getMinedBlockId(txHash);
+        const preProtectedSlot = this.#indices.getProtectionSlot(txHashStr);
+
+        if (minedBlockId) {
+          // Already mined - add directly (protection already set if pre-protected)
+          await this.#addTx(tx, { mined: minedBlockId }, opts);
+          accepted.push(txHash);
+        } else if (preProtectedSlot !== undefined) {
+          // Pre-protected and not mined - add as protected (bypass validation)
+          await this.#addTx(tx, { protected: preProtectedSlot }, opts);
+          accepted.push(txHash);
+        } else {
+          // Regular pending tx - validate and run pre-add rules
+          const result = await this.#tryAddRegularPendingTx(tx, opts, poolAccess, acceptedPending, ignored);
+          if (result.status === 'accepted') {
+            acceptedPending.add(txHashStr);
+          } else if (result.status === 'rejected') {
+            rejected.push(txHash);
+          } else {
+            ignored.push(txHash);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Build final accepted list for pending txs (excludes intra-batch evictions)
+    for (const txHashStr of acceptedPending) {
+      accepted.push(TxHash.fromString(txHashStr));
+    }
+
+    // Run post-add eviction rules for pending txs
+    if (acceptedPending.size > 0) {
+      const feePayers = Array.from(acceptedPending).map(txHash => this.#indices.getMetadata(txHash)!.feePayer);
+      const uniqueFeePayers = new Set<string>(feePayers);
+      await this.#evictionManager.evictAfterNewTxs(Array.from(acceptedPending), [...uniqueFeePayers]);
+    }
+
+    return { accepted, ignored, rejected };
+  }
+
+  /** Validates and adds a regular pending tx. Returns status. */
+  async #tryAddRegularPendingTx(
+    tx: Tx,
+    opts: { source?: string },
+    poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess,
+    acceptedPending: Set<string>,
+    ignored: TxHash[],
+  ): Promise<{ status: 'accepted' | 'ignored' | 'rejected' }> {
+    const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
+    const txHashStr = txHash.toString();
+
+    // Validate transaction
+    if (!(await this.#validateTx(tx))) {
+      return { status: 'rejected' };
+    }
+
+    // Build metadata and run pre-add rules
+    const meta = await buildTxMetaData(tx);
+    const preAddResult = await this.#evictionManager.runPreAddRules(meta, poolAccess);
+
+    if (preAddResult.shouldIgnore) {
+      this.#log.debug(`Ignoring tx ${txHashStr}: ${preAddResult.reason}`);
+      return { status: 'ignored' };
+    }
+
+    // Evict conflicts
+    for (const evictHashStr of preAddResult.txHashesToEvict) {
+      await this.#deleteTx(evictHashStr);
+      this.#log.debug(`Evicted tx ${evictHashStr} due to higher-fee tx ${txHashStr}`);
+      if (acceptedPending.has(evictHashStr)) {
+        // Evicted tx was from this batch - mark as ignored in result
+        acceptedPending.delete(evictHashStr);
+        ignored.push(TxHash.fromString(evictHashStr));
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Add the transaction
+    await this.#addTx(tx, 'pending', opts);
+    return { status: 'accepted' };
+  }
+
+  async canAddPendingTx(tx: Tx): Promise<'accepted' | 'ignored' | 'rejected'> {
+    const txHashStr = tx.getTxHash().toString();
+
+    // Check if already in pool
+    if (this.#indices.has(txHashStr)) {
+      return 'ignored';
+    }
+
+    // Validate transaction (no logging for dry-run check)
+    const validationResult = await this.#pendingTxValidator.validateTx(tx);
+    if (validationResult.result !== 'valid') {
+      return 'rejected';
+    }
+
+    // Build metadata and use pre-add rules
+    const meta = await buildTxMetaData(tx);
+    const poolAccess = this.#createPreAddPoolAccess();
+    const preAddResult = await this.#evictionManager.runPreAddRules(meta, poolAccess);
+
+    return preAddResult.shouldIgnore ? 'ignored' : 'accepted';
+  }
+
+  async addProtectedTxs(txs: Tx[], block: BlockHeader, opts: { source?: string }): Promise<void> {
+    const slotNumber = block.globalVariables.slotNumber;
+
+    await this.#store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      for (const tx of txs) {
+        const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
+        const txHashStr = txHash.toString();
+        const isNew = !this.#indices.has(txHashStr);
+        const minedBlockId = await this.#getMinedBlockId(txHash);
+
+        if (isNew) {
+          // New tx - add as mined or protected (callback emitted by #addTx)
+          if (minedBlockId) {
+            await this.#addTx(tx, { mined: minedBlockId }, opts);
+            this.#indices.setProtection(txHashStr, slotNumber);
+          } else {
+            await this.#addTx(tx, { protected: slotNumber }, opts);
+          }
+        } else {
+          // Existing tx - update protection and mined status
+          this.#indices.updateProtection(txHashStr, slotNumber);
+          if (minedBlockId) {
+            const meta = this.#indices.getMetadata(txHashStr)!;
+            this.#indices.markAsMined(meta, minedBlockId);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  protectTxs(txHashes: TxHash[], block: BlockHeader): TxHash[] {
+    const slotNumber = block.globalVariables.slotNumber;
+    const missing: TxHash[] = [];
+
+    for (const txHash of txHashes) {
+      const txHashStr = txHash.toString();
+
+      if (this.#indices.has(txHashStr)) {
+        // Update protection for existing tx
+        this.#indices.updateProtection(txHashStr, slotNumber);
+      } else {
+        // Pre-record protection for tx we don't have yet
+        this.#indices.setProtection(txHashStr, slotNumber);
+        missing.push(txHash);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return missing;
+  }
+
+  async addMinedTxs(txs: Tx[], block: BlockHeader, opts: { source?: string }): Promise<void> {
+    // Step 1: Build block ID
+    const blockId = await this.#buildBlockId(block);
+
+    await this.#store.transactionAsync(async () => {
+      for (const tx of txs) {
+        const txHashStr = tx.getTxHash().toString();
+        const existingMeta = this.#indices.getMetadata(txHashStr);
+
+        if (existingMeta) {
+          // Mark existing tx as mined
+          this.#indices.markAsMined(existingMeta, blockId);
+        } else {
+          // Add new mined tx (callback emitted by #addTx)
+          await this.#addTx(tx, { mined: blockId }, opts);
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  async handleMinedBlock(block: L2Block): Promise<void> {
+    // Step 1: Build block ID
+    const blockId = await this.#buildBlockId(block.header);
+
+    // Step 2: Extract tx hashes and nullifiers directly from the block
+    const txHashes = block.body.txEffects.map(tx => tx.txHash);
+    const nullifiers = block.body.txEffects.flatMap(tx => tx.nullifiers.map(n => n.toString()));
+
+    // Step 3: Collect fee payers from txs we have in the pool (for balance-based eviction)
+    const feePayers: string[] = [];
+    const found: TxMetaData[] = [];
+    for (const txHash of txHashes) {
+      const meta = this.#indices.getMetadata(txHash.toString());
+      if (meta) {
+        feePayers.push(meta.feePayer);
+        found.push(meta);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Step 4: Mark txs as mined (only those we have in the pool)
+    for (const meta of found) {
+      this.#indices.markAsMined(meta, blockId);
+    }
+
+    // Step 5: Run eviction rules (remove pending txs with conflicting nullifiers/expired timestamps)
+    await this.#evictionManager.evictAfterNewBlock(block.header, nullifiers, feePayers);
+
+    this.#log.info(`Marked ${found.length} txs as mined in block ${blockId.number}`);
+  }
+
+  async prepareForSlot(slotNumber: SlotNumber): Promise<void> {
+    // Step 1: Find expired protected txs
+    const expiredProtected = this.#indices.findExpiredProtectedTxs(slotNumber);
+
+    // Step 2: Clear protection for all expired entries (including those without metadata)
+    this.#indices.clearProtection(expiredProtected);
+
+    // Step 3: Filter to only txs that have metadata and are not mined
+    const txsToRestore = this.#indices.filterRestorable(expiredProtected);
+    if (txsToRestore.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.#log.info(`Preparing for slot ${slotNumber}: unprotecting ${txsToRestore.length} txs`);
+
+    // Step 4: Validate for pending pool
+    const { valid, invalid } = await this.#loadAndValidateTxs(txsToRestore, 'during prepareForSlot');
+
+    // Step 5: Resolve nullifier conflicts and add winners to pending indices
+    const { added, toEvict } = this.#applyNullifierConflictResolution(valid);
+
+    // Step 6: Delete invalid and evicted txs
+    await this.#deleteTxsBatch([...invalid, ...toEvict]);
+
+    // Step 7: Run eviction rules (enforce pool size limit)
+    if (added.length > 0) {
+      const feePayers = added.map(meta => meta.feePayer);
+      const uniqueFeePayers = new Set<string>(feePayers);
+      await this.#evictionManager.evictAfterNewTxs(
+        added.map(m => m.txHash),
+        [...uniqueFeePayers],
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  async handlePrunedBlocks(latestBlock: L2BlockId): Promise<void> {
+    // Step 1: Find transactions mined after the prune point
+    const txsToUnmine = this.#indices.findTxsMinedAfter(latestBlock.number);
+    if (txsToUnmine.length === 0) {
+      this.#log.debug(`No transactions to un-mine for prune to block ${latestBlock.number}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    this.#log.info(`Handling prune to block ${latestBlock.number}: un-mining ${txsToUnmine.length} txs`);
+
+    // Step 2: Unmine - clear mined status from metadata
+    for (const meta of txsToUnmine) {
+      this.#indices.markAsUnmined(meta);
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: Filter out protected txs (they'll be handled by prepareForSlot)
+    const unprotectedTxs = this.#indices.filterUnprotected(txsToUnmine);
+
+    // Step 4: Validate for pending pool
+    const { valid, invalid } = await this.#loadAndValidateTxs(unprotectedTxs, 'during handlePrunedBlocks');
+
+    // Step 5: Resolve nullifier conflicts and add winners to pending indices
+    const { toEvict } = this.#applyNullifierConflictResolution(valid);
+
+    // Step 6: Delete invalid and evicted txs
+    await this.#deleteTxsBatch([...invalid, ...toEvict]);
+
+    // Step 7: Run eviction rules for ALL pending txs (not just restored ones)
+    // This handles cases like existing pending txs with invalid fee payer balances
+    await this.#evictionManager.evictAfterChainPrune(latestBlock.number);
+  }
+
+  async handleFailedExecution(txHashes: TxHash[]): Promise<void> {
+    // Delete failed txs
+    await this.#deleteTxsBatch(txHashes.map(h => h.toString()));
+
+    this.#log.info(`Deleted ${txHashes.length} failed txs`);
+  }
+
+  async handleFinalizedBlock(block: BlockHeader): Promise<void> {
+    const blockNumber = block.globalVariables.blockNumber;
+
+    // Step 1: Find txs mined at or before finalized block
+    const txsToFinalize = this.#indices.findTxsMinedAtOrBefore(blockNumber);
+    if (txsToFinalize.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Step 2: Collect txs for archiving (before deletion)
+    const txsToArchive: Tx[] = [];
+    if (this.#archive.isEnabled()) {
+      for (const txHashStr of txsToFinalize) {
+        const buffer = await this.#txsDB.getAsync(txHashStr);
+        if (buffer) {
+          txsToArchive.push(Tx.fromBuffer(buffer));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Step 3: Delete from active pool
+    await this.#deleteTxsBatch(txsToFinalize);
+
+    // Step 4: Archive
+    if (txsToArchive.length > 0) {
+      await this.#archive.archiveTxs(txsToArchive);
+    }
+
+    this.#log.info(`Finalized ${txsToFinalize.length} txs from blocks up to ${blockNumber}`);
+  }
+
+  // === Query Methods ===
+
+  async getTxByHash(txHash: TxHash): Promise<Tx | undefined> {
+    const buffer = await this.#txsDB.getAsync(txHash.toString());
+    return buffer ? Tx.fromBuffer(buffer) : undefined;
+  }
+
+  async getTxsByHash(txHashes: TxHash[]): Promise<(Tx | undefined)[]> {
+    const results: (Tx | undefined)[] = [];
+    for (const h of txHashes) {
+      const buffer = await this.#txsDB.getAsync(h.toString());
+      results.push(buffer ? Tx.fromBuffer(buffer) : undefined);
+    }
+    return results;
+  }
+
+  hasTxs(txHashes: TxHash[]): boolean[] {
+    return txHashes.map(h => this.#indices.has(h.toString()));
+  }
+
+  getTxStatus(txHash: TxHash): TxState | undefined {
+    const meta = this.#indices.getMetadata(txHash.toString());
+    if (!meta) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return this.#indices.getTxState(meta);
+  }
+
+  getPendingTxHashes(): TxHash[] {
+    return [...this.#indices.iteratePendingByPriority('desc')].map(hash => TxHash.fromString(hash));
+  }
+
+  getPendingTxCount(): number {
+    return this.#indices.getPendingTxCount();
+  }
+
+  getMinedTxHashes(): [TxHash, L2BlockId][] {
+    return this.#indices.getMinedTxs().map(([hash, blockId]) => [TxHash.fromString(hash), blockId]);
+  }
+
+  getMinedTxCount(): number {
+    let count = 0;
+    for (const [, meta] of this.#indices.iterateMetadata()) {
+      if (meta.minedL2BlockId !== undefined) {
+        count++;
+      }
+    }
+    return count;
+  }
+
+  isEmpty(): boolean {
+    return this.#indices.isEmpty();
+  }
+
+  getTxCount(): number {
+    return this.#indices.getTxCount();
+  }
+
+  getArchivedTxByHash(txHash: TxHash): Promise<Tx | undefined> {
+    return this.#archive.getTxByHash(txHash);
+  }
+
+  getLowestPriorityPending(limit: number): TxHash[] {
+    return this.#indices.getLowestPriorityPending(limit).map(h => TxHash.fromString(h));
+  }
+
+  // === Configuration ===
+
+  updateConfig(config: Partial<TxPoolV2Config>): void {
+    if (config.maxPendingTxCount !== undefined) {
+      this.#config.maxPendingTxCount = config.maxPendingTxCount;
+    }
+    if (config.archivedTxLimit !== undefined) {
+      this.#config.archivedTxLimit = config.archivedTxLimit;
+      this.#archive.updateLimit(config.archivedTxLimit);
+    }
+    // Update eviction rules with new config
+    this.#evictionManager.updateConfig(config);
+  }
+
+  // === Pool Read Access ===
+
+  getPoolReadAccess(): PoolReadAccess {
+    return {
+      getMetadata: (txHash: string) => this.#indices.getMetadata(txHash),
+      getTxHashByNullifier: (nullifier: string) => this.#indices.getTxHashByNullifier(nullifier),
+      getTxHashesByFeePayer: (feePayer: string) => this.#indices.getTxHashesByFeePayer(feePayer),
+      getPendingTxCount: () => this.#indices.getPendingTxCount(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // === Metrics ===
+
+  countTxs(): { pending: number; protected: number; mined: number } {
+    return this.#indices.countTxs();
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // PRIVATE HELPERS - Transaction Management
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  /**
+   * Adds a new transaction to the pool with the specified state.
+   * Emits onTxsAdded callback immediately after DB write.
+   */
+  async #addTx(
+    tx: Tx,
+    state: 'pending' | { protected: SlotNumber } | { mined: L2BlockId },
+    opts: { source?: string } = {},
+  ): Promise<TxMetaData> {
+    const txHashStr = tx.getTxHash().toString();
+    const meta = await buildTxMetaData(tx);
+
+    await this.#txsDB.set(txHashStr, tx.toBuffer());
+    this.#callbacks.onTxsAdded([tx], opts);
+
+    if (state === 'pending') {
+      this.#indices.addPending(meta);
+    } else if ('protected' in state) {
+      this.#indices.addProtected(meta, state.protected);
+    } else {
+      meta.minedL2BlockId = state.mined;
+      this.#indices.addMined(meta);
+    }
+
+    const stateStr = typeof state === 'string' ? state : Object.keys(state)[0];
+    this.#log.verbose(`Added ${stateStr} tx ${txHashStr}`, {
+      eventName: 'tx-added-to-pool',
+      state: stateStr,
+    });
+
+    return meta;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Deletes a transaction from both indices and DB.
+   * Emits onTxsRemoved callback immediately after DB delete.
+   */
+  async #deleteTx(txHashStr: string): Promise<void> {
+    this.#indices.remove(txHashStr);
+    await this.#txsDB.delete(txHashStr);
+    this.#callbacks.onTxsRemoved([txHashStr]);
+  }
+
+  /** Deletes a batch of transactions, emitting callbacks individually for each. */
+  async #deleteTxsBatch(txHashes: string[]): Promise<void> {
+    for (const txHashStr of txHashes) {
+      await this.#deleteTx(txHashStr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // PRIVATE HELPERS - Validation & Conflict Resolution
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  /** Validates a single transaction, returning true if valid */
+  async #validateTx(tx: Tx, context?: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    const result = await this.#pendingTxValidator.validateTx(tx);
+    if (result.result !== 'valid') {
+      const contextStr = context ? ` ${context}` : '';
+      this.#log.info(`Tx ${tx.getTxHash()}${contextStr} failed validation: ${result.reason?.join(', ')}`);
+      return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  /** Loads transactions from DB, returning loaded txs and missing hashes */
+  async #loadTxsFromDb(metas: TxMetaData[]): Promise<{ loaded: { tx: Tx; meta: TxMetaData }[]; missing: string[] }> {
+    const loaded: { tx: Tx; meta: TxMetaData }[] = [];
+    const missing: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const meta of metas) {
+      const buffer = await this.#txsDB.getAsync(meta.txHash);
+      if (!buffer) {
+        this.#log.warn(`Tx ${meta.txHash} not found in DB`);
+        missing.push(meta.txHash);
+        continue;
+      }
+      loaded.push({ tx: Tx.fromBuffer(buffer), meta });
+    }
+
+    return { loaded, missing };
+  }
+
+  /** Validates a batch of transactions, returning valid and invalid groups */
+  async #validateTxBatch(
+    txs: { tx: Tx; meta: TxMetaData }[],
+    context?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ valid: TxMetaData[]; invalid: string[] }> {
+    const valid: TxMetaData[] = [];
+    const invalid: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const { tx, meta } of txs) {
+      if (await this.#validateTx(tx, context)) {
+        valid.push(meta);
+      } else {
+        invalid.push(meta.txHash);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { valid, invalid };
+  }
+
+  /** Loads transactions from DB and validates them */
+  async #loadAndValidateTxs(
+    metas: TxMetaData[],
+    context?: string,
+  ): Promise<{ valid: TxMetaData[]; invalid: string[] }> {
+    const { loaded, missing } = await this.#loadTxsFromDb(metas);
+    const { valid, invalid } = await this.#validateTxBatch(loaded, context);
+    return { valid, invalid: [...missing, ...invalid] };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Resolves nullifier conflicts between incoming txs and existing pending txs.
+   * Modifies the pending indices during iteration to maintain consistent state
+   * for subsequent conflict checks within the same batch.
+   */
+  #applyNullifierConflictResolution(txs: TxMetaData[]): { added: TxMetaData[]; toEvict: string[] } {
+    const added: TxMetaData[] = [];
+    const toEvict: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const meta of txs) {
+      const conflict = checkNullifierConflict(
+        meta,
+        nullifier => this.#indices.getTxHashByNullifier(nullifier),
+        txHash => this.#indices.getMetadata(txHash),
+      );
+      if (conflict.shouldIgnore) {
+        // Lower priority than existing - don't add, mark for deletion
+        toEvict.push(meta.txHash);
+      } else {
+        // Higher priority - evict existing conflicts
+        toEvict.push(...conflict.txHashesToEvict);
+        // Remove evicted from indices immediately for subsequent checks
+        for (const evictHash of conflict.txHashesToEvict) {
+          const evictMeta = this.#indices.getMetadata(evictHash);
+          if (evictMeta) {
+            this.#indices.removeFromPendingIndices(evictMeta);
+          }
+        }
+        // Add to pending indices immediately so subsequent txs in the batch see this tx
+        this.#indices.addToPendingIndices(meta);
+        added.push(meta);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { added, toEvict };
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // PRIVATE HELPERS - Block & Hydration
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  async #buildBlockId(block: BlockHeader): Promise<L2BlockId> {
+    return {
+      number: block.globalVariables.blockNumber,
+      hash: (await block.hash()).toString(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Checks if a tx is already mined and returns its block ID if so */
+  async #getMinedBlockId(txHash: TxHash): Promise<L2BlockId | undefined> {
+    const txEffect = await this.#l2BlockSource.getTxEffect(txHash);
+    if (!txEffect) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return {
+      number: txEffect.l2BlockNumber,
+      hash: txEffect.l2BlockHash.toString(),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /** Loads all transactions from the database, returning loaded txs and deserialization errors */
+  async #loadAllTxsFromDb(): Promise<{
+    loaded: { tx: Tx; meta: TxMetaData }[];
+    errors: string[];
+  }> {
+    const loaded: { tx: Tx; meta: TxMetaData }[] = [];
+    const errors: string[] = [];
+
+    for await (const [txHashStr, buffer] of this.#txsDB.entriesAsync()) {
+      try {
+        const tx = Tx.fromBuffer(buffer);
+        const meta = await buildTxMetaData(tx);
+        loaded.push({ tx, meta });
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.#log.warn(`Failed to deserialize tx ${txHashStr}, deleting`, { err });
+        errors.push(txHashStr);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { loaded, errors };
+  }
+
+  /** Queries block source and marks mined status on transaction metadata */
+  async #markMinedStatusBatch(metas: TxMetaData[]): Promise<void> {
+    for (const meta of metas) {
+      try {
+        const txEffect = await this.#l2BlockSource.getTxEffect(TxHash.fromString(meta.txHash));
+        if (txEffect) {
+          meta.minedL2BlockId = {
+            number: txEffect.l2BlockNumber,
+            hash: txEffect.l2BlockHash.toString(),
+          };
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.#log.warn(`Failed to check mined status for tx ${meta.txHash}`, { err });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Rebuilds the pending pool by processing each tx through pre-add rules.
+   * Starts with an empty pending pool and adds txs one by one, resolving conflicts.
+   * Returns the list of accepted and rejected tx hashes.
+   */
+  async #rebuildPendingPool(metas: TxMetaData[]): Promise<{ accepted: string[]; rejected: string[] }> {
+    const accepted = new Set<string>();
+    const rejected: string[] = [];
+    const poolAccess = this.#createPreAddPoolAccess();
+
+    for (const meta of metas) {
+      // Run pre-add rules against current pending pool state (metadata not yet in pool)
+      const preAddResult = await this.#evictionManager.runPreAddRules(meta, poolAccess);
+
+      if (preAddResult.shouldIgnore) {
+        // Transaction rejected - mark for deletion from DB
+        rejected.push(meta.txHash);
+        this.#log.debug(`Rejected tx ${meta.txHash} during rebuild: ${preAddResult.reason}`);
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      // Evict any conflicting txs identified by pre-add rules
+      for (const evictHashStr of preAddResult.txHashesToEvict) {
+        const evictMeta = this.#indices.getMetadata(evictHashStr);
+        if (evictMeta) {
+          this.#indices.removeFromPendingIndices(evictMeta);
+          this.#indices.remove(evictHashStr);
+          rejected.push(evictHashStr);
+          accepted.delete(evictHashStr);
+          this.#log.debug(`Evicted tx ${evictHashStr} during rebuild due to conflict with ${meta.txHash}`);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Add to indices
+      this.#indices.addPending(meta);
+      accepted.add(meta.txHash);
+    }
+
+    this.#log.info(`Rebuilt pending pool: ${accepted.size} accepted, ${rejected.length} rejected`);
+    return { accepted: [...accepted], rejected };
+  }
+
+  // ============================================================================
+  // PRIVATE HELPERS - Pool Access Adapters
+  // ============================================================================
+
+  #createPoolOperations(): PoolOperations {
+    return {
+      getPendingTxs: () => this.#indices.getPendingTxs(),
+      getPendingFeePayers: () => this.#indices.getPendingFeePayers(),
+      getFeePayerPendingTxs: (feePayer: string) => this.#indices.getFeePayerPendingTxs(feePayer),
+      getPendingTxCount: () => this.#indices.getPendingTxCount(),
+      getLowestPriorityPending: (limit: number) => this.#indices.getLowestPriorityPending(limit),
+      deleteTxs: (txHashes: string[]) => this.#deleteTxsBatch(txHashes),
+    };
+  }
+
+  #createPreAddPoolAccess(): PreAddPoolAccess {
+    return {
+      getMetadata: (txHashStr: string) => {
+        const meta = this.#indices.getMetadata(txHashStr);
+        if (!meta || this.#indices.getTxState(meta) !== 'pending') {
+          return undefined;
+        }
+        return meta;
+      },
+      getTxHashByNullifier: (nullifier: string) => this.#indices.getTxHashByNullifier(nullifier),
+      getFeePayerBalance: async (feePayer: string) => {
+        const db = this.#worldStateSynchronizer.getCommitted();
+        const publicStateSource = new DatabasePublicStateSource(db);
+        const balance = await publicStateSource.storageRead(
+          ProtocolContractAddress.FeeJuice,
+          await computeFeePayerBalanceStorageSlot(AztecAddress.fromString(feePayer)),
+        );
+        return balance.toBigInt();
+      },
+      getFeePayerPendingTxs: (feePayer: string) => this.#indices.getFeePayerPendingTxs(feePayer),
+      getPendingTxCount: () => this.#indices.getPendingTxCount(),
+      getLowestPriorityPendingTx: () => this.#indices.getLowestPriorityPendingTx(),
+    };
+  }
+}