@aztec/p2p 0.0.1-commit.a072138 → 0.0.1-commit.a5db02d

package/src/services/libp2p/libp2p_service.ts

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 import type { EpochCacheInterface } from '@aztec/epoch-cache';
-import { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
-import { randomInt } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
-import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { BlockNumber, type SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
+import { compactArray, maxBy, merge } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { type Logger, createLibp2pComponentLogger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { RunningPromise } from '@aztec/foundation/running-promise';
 import { Timer } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import type { AztecAsyncKVStore } from '@aztec/kv-store';
 import { protocolContractsHash } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
-import type { EthAddress, L2Block, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import type { EthAddress, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '@aztec/stdlib/config';
 import type { ContractDataSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/contract';
-import { GasFees } from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
+import { type BlockMinFeesProvider, GasFees, getNetworkTxGasLimits } from '@aztec/stdlib/gas';
 import type { ClientProtocolCircuitVerifier, PeerInfo, WorldStateSynchronizer } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
 import {
   BlockProposal,
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ import {
   CheckpointProposal,
   type CheckpointProposalCore,
   type Gossipable,
-  P2PClientType,
   P2PMessage,
-  type ValidationResult as P2PValidationResult,
   PeerErrorSeverity,
+  PeerErrorSeverityByHarshness,
   TopicType,
   createTopicString,
-  getTopicsForClientAndConfig,
+  getTopicsForConfig,
   metricsTopicStrToLabels,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/p2p';
+import { ConsensusTimetable, getDefaultCheckpointProposalSyncGrace } from '@aztec/stdlib/timetable';
 import { MerkleTreeId } from '@aztec/stdlib/trees';
-import { Tx, type TxHash, type TxValidationResult, type TxValidator } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
+import { Tx, type TxValidationResult } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 import type { UInt64 } from '@aztec/stdlib/types';
 import { compressComponentVersions } from '@aztec/stdlib/versioning';
 import {
@@ -45,80 +45,99 @@ import {
   type GossipsubMessage,
   gossipsub,
 } from '@chainsafe/libp2p-gossipsub';
-import { createPeerScoreParams, createTopicScoreParams } from '@chainsafe/libp2p-gossipsub/score';
+import { createPeerScoreParams } from '@chainsafe/libp2p-gossipsub/score';
 import { SignaturePolicy } from '@chainsafe/libp2p-gossipsub/types';
 import { noise } from '@chainsafe/libp2p-noise';
 import { yamux } from '@chainsafe/libp2p-yamux';
 import { bootstrap } from '@libp2p/bootstrap';
 import { identify } from '@libp2p/identify';
 import { type Message, type MultiaddrConnection, type PeerId, TopicValidatorResult } from '@libp2p/interface';
-import type { ConnectionManager } from '@libp2p/interface-internal';
+import type { AddressManager, ConnectionManager } from '@libp2p/interface-internal';
 import { mplex } from '@libp2p/mplex';
 import { tcp } from '@libp2p/tcp';
+import { multiaddr } from '@multiformats/multiaddr';
 import { ENR } from '@nethermindeth/enr';
 import { createLibp2p } from 'libp2p';
 
 import type { P2PConfig } from '../../config.js';
-import { ProposalSlotCapExceededError } from '../../errors/attestation-pool.error.js';
+import { CheckpointProposalReceivedCallbackNotRegisteredError } from '../../errors/p2p-service.error.js';
 import type { MemPools } from '../../mem_pools/interface.js';
 import {
   BlockProposalValidator,
   CheckpointAttestationValidator,
   CheckpointProposalValidator,
+  DoubleSpendTxValidator,
   FishermanAttestationValidator,
+  getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions,
 } from '../../msg_validators/index.js';
 import { MessageSeenValidator } from '../../msg_validators/msg_seen_validator/msg_seen_validator.js';
-import { getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions } from '../../msg_validators/tx_validator/allowed_public_setup.js';
 import {
-  type MessageValidator,
-  createTxMessageValidators,
-  createTxReqRespValidator,
+  type TransactionValidator,
+  createFirstStageTxValidationsForGossipedTransactions,
+  createSecondStageTxValidationsForGossipedTransactions,
+  createTxValidatorForBlockProposalReceivedTxs,
 } from '../../msg_validators/tx_validator/factory.js';
-import { DoubleSpendTxValidator } from '../../msg_validators/tx_validator/index.js';
+import { TxValidationCache } from '../../msg_validators/tx_validator/tx_validation_cache.js';
 import { GossipSubEvent } from '../../types/index.js';
 import { type PubSubLibp2p, convertToMultiaddr } from '../../util.js';
 import { getVersions } from '../../versioning.js';
 import { AztecDatastore } from '../data_store.js';
 import { DiscV5Service } from '../discv5/discV5_service.js';
-import { SnappyTransform, fastMsgIdFn, getMsgIdFn, msgIdToStrFn } from '../encoding.js';
-import { gossipScoreThresholds } from '../gossipsub/scoring.js';
+import { SnappyTransform, getMsgIdFn, msgIdToStrFn } from '../encoding.js';
+import { APP_SPECIFIC_WEIGHT, gossipScoreThresholds } from '../gossipsub/scoring.js';
+import { createAllTopicScoreParams } from '../gossipsub/topic_score_params.js';
 import type { PeerManagerInterface } from '../peer-manager/interface.js';
 import { PeerManager } from '../peer-manager/peer_manager.js';
 import { PeerScoring } from '../peer-manager/peer_scoring.js';
 import type { BatchTxRequesterLibP2PService } from '../reqresp/batch-tx-requester/interface.js';
-import type { P2PReqRespConfig } from '../reqresp/config.js';
+import { type P2PReqRespConfig, YAMUX_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE_BYTES } from '../reqresp/config.js';
 import {
-  DEFAULT_SUB_PROTOCOL_VALIDATORS,
+  AuthRequest,
+  BlockTxsRequest,
+  BlockTxsResponse,
   type ReqRespInterface,
   type ReqRespResponse,
   ReqRespSubProtocol,
   type ReqRespSubProtocolHandler,
   type ReqRespSubProtocolHandlers,
-  type ReqRespSubProtocolValidators,
-  type SubProtocolMap,
-  ValidationError,
-} from '../reqresp/interface.js';
-import { reqRespBlockTxsHandler } from '../reqresp/protocols/block_txs/block_txs_handler.js';
-import { reqGoodbyeHandler } from '../reqresp/protocols/goodbye.js';
-import {
-  AuthRequest,
-  BlockTxsRequest,
-  BlockTxsResponse,
   StatusMessage,
+  ValidationError,
   pingHandler,
-  reqRespBlockHandler,
+  reqGoodbyeHandler,
+  reqRespBlockTxsHandler,
   reqRespStatusHandler,
   reqRespTxHandler,
-} from '../reqresp/protocols/index.js';
+} from '../reqresp/index.js';
 import { ReqResp } from '../reqresp/reqresp.js';
 import type {
   P2PBlockReceivedCallback,
+  P2PCheckpointAttestationCallback,
   P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback,
+  P2PDuplicateAttestationCallback,
+  P2POversizedProposalCallback,
   P2PService,
   PeerDiscoveryService,
 } from '../service.js';
 import { P2PInstrumentation } from './instrumentation.js';
 
+/**
+ * Builds the {@link ConsensusTimetable} shared by the gossip validators for proposal/attestation receive-window
+ * bounds. Derived purely from protocol slot-timing constants plus the block sub-slot duration and the consensus
+ * materialization grace, so every node agrees on these bounds without depending on proposer operational budgets.
+ */
+function buildConsensusTimetable(
+  config: P2PConfig,
+  l1Constants: ReturnType<EpochCacheInterface['getL1Constants']>,
+): ConsensusTimetable {
+  const blockDuration = config.blockDurationMs / 1000;
+  return new ConsensusTimetable({
+    l1Constants,
+    blockDuration,
+    checkpointProposalSyncGrace:
+      config.checkpointProposalSyncGraceSeconds ?? getDefaultCheckpointProposalSyncGrace(blockDuration),
+  });
+}
+
 interface ValidationResult {
   name: string;
   isValid: TxValidationResult;
@@ -128,14 +147,14 @@ interface ValidationResult {
 type ValidationOutcome = { allPassed: true } | { allPassed: false; failure: ValidationResult };
 
 // REFACTOR: Unify with the type above
-type ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T> =
-  | { obj: T; result: Exclude<TopicValidatorResult, TopicValidatorResult.Reject> }
-  | { obj?: undefined; result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
+type ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T, M = undefined> =
+  | { obj: T; result: Exclude<TopicValidatorResult, TopicValidatorResult.Reject>; metadata?: M }
+  | { obj?: T; result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject; metadata?: M; severity: PeerErrorSeverity };
 
 /**
  * Lib P2P implementation of the P2PService interface.
  */
-export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends WithTracer implements P2PService {
+export class LibP2PService extends WithTracer implements P2PService {
   private discoveryRunningPromise?: RunningPromise;
   private msgIdSeenValidators: Record<TopicType, MessageSeenValidator> = {} as Record<TopicType, MessageSeenValidator>;
 
@@ -147,7 +166,21 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
   private protocolVersion = '';
   private topicStrings: Record<TopicType, string> = {} as Record<TopicType, string>;
 
-  private feesCache: { blockNumber: BlockNumber; gasFees: GasFees } | undefined;
+  /** Callback invoked when a duplicate proposal is detected (triggers slashing). */
+  private duplicateProposalCallback?: (info: {
+    slot: SlotNumber;
+    proposer: EthAddress;
+    type: 'checkpoint' | 'block';
+  }) => void;
+
+  /** Callback invoked when an oversized block proposal is stored as slashing evidence (triggers slashing). */
+  private oversizedProposalCallback?: P2POversizedProposalCallback;
+
+  /** Callback invoked when a duplicate attestation is detected (triggers slashing). */
+  private duplicateAttestationCallback?: P2PDuplicateAttestationCallback;
+
+  /** Callback invoked when a valid checkpoint attestation is accepted into the pool. */
+  private checkpointAttestationCallback?: P2PCheckpointAttestationCallback;
 
   /**
    * Callback for when a block is received from a peer.
@@ -161,10 +194,19 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
    * @param checkpoint - The checkpoint proposal received from the peer.
    * @returns The attestations for the checkpoint, if any.
    */
-  private checkpointReceivedCallback: P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback;
+  private allNodesCheckpointReceivedCallback: P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback;
+  /**
+   * Callback for when a checkpoint proposal is received - specifically for validators - from a peer.
+   * @param checkpoint - The checkpoint proposal received from the peer.
+   * @returns The attestations for the checkpoint, if any.
+   */
+  private validatorCheckpointReceivedCallback: P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback;
 
   private gossipSubEventHandler: (e: CustomEvent<GossipsubMessage>) => void;
 
+  private ipChangedHandler?: (ip: string) => void;
+  private discoveredP2pIp?: string;
+
   private instrumentation: P2PInstrumentation;
 
   private telemetry: TelemetryClient;
@@ -172,19 +214,20 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
   protected logger: Logger;
 
   constructor(
-    private clientType: T,
     private config: P2PConfig,
     protected node: PubSubLibp2p,
     private peerDiscoveryService: PeerDiscoveryService,
     private reqresp: ReqRespInterface,
-    private peerManager: PeerManagerInterface,
+    protected peerManager: PeerManagerInterface,
     protected mempools: MemPools,
-    private archiver: L2BlockSource & ContractDataSource,
+    protected archiver: L2BlockSource & ContractDataSource,
     private epochCache: EpochCacheInterface,
     private proofVerifier: ClientProtocolCircuitVerifier,
     private worldStateSynchronizer: WorldStateSynchronizer,
+    private blockMinFeesProvider: BlockMinFeesProvider,
     telemetry: TelemetryClient,
     logger: Logger = createLogger('p2p:libp2p_service'),
+    private txValidationCache?: TxValidationCache,
   ) {
     super(telemetry, 'LibP2PService');
     this.telemetry = telemetry;
@@ -214,36 +257,66 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       this.protocolVersion,
     );
 
-    this.blockProposalValidator = new BlockProposalValidator(epochCache, { txsPermitted: !config.disableTransactions });
-    this.checkpointProposalValidator = new CheckpointProposalValidator(epochCache, {
+    // Build the consensus timetable once from protocol slot-timing constants and inject it into every
+    // validator so they share one set of receive-window bounds, independent of proposer operational budgets.
+    const consensusTimetable = buildConsensusTimetable(config, epochCache.getL1Constants());
+    const proposalValidatorOpts = {
       txsPermitted: !config.disableTransactions,
-    });
+      maxTxsPerBlock: config.validateMaxTxsPerBlock ?? config.validateMaxTxsPerCheckpoint,
+      maxBlocksPerCheckpoint: config.maxBlocksPerCheckpoint,
+      skipSlotValidation: config.skipProposalSlotValidation,
+      signatureContext: {
+        chainId: config.l1ChainId,
+        rollupAddress: config.rollupAddress,
+      },
+      clockDisparityMs: config.maxGossipClockDisparityMs,
+    };
+    this.blockProposalValidator = new BlockProposalValidator(epochCache, consensusTimetable, proposalValidatorOpts);
+    this.checkpointProposalValidator = new CheckpointProposalValidator(
+      epochCache,
+      consensusTimetable,
+      proposalValidatorOpts,
+    );
+    const attestationValidatorOpts = {
+      signatureContext: proposalValidatorOpts.signatureContext,
+      clockDisparityMs: config.maxGossipClockDisparityMs,
+    };
     this.checkpointAttestationValidator = config.fishermanMode
-      ? new FishermanAttestationValidator(epochCache, mempools.attestationPool, telemetry)
-      : new CheckpointAttestationValidator(epochCache);
+      ? new FishermanAttestationValidator(
+          epochCache,
+          consensusTimetable,
+          mempools.attestationPool,
+          telemetry,
+          attestationValidatorOpts,
+        )
+      : new CheckpointAttestationValidator(epochCache, consensusTimetable, attestationValidatorOpts);
 
     this.gossipSubEventHandler = this.handleGossipSubEvent.bind(this);
 
     this.blockReceivedCallback = async (block: BlockProposal): Promise<boolean> => {
-      this.logger.debug(
-        `Handler not yet registered: Block received callback not set. Received block for slot ${block.slotNumber} from peer.`,
+      this.logger.warn(
+        `Handler for block received not yet registered on P2P service. Received block ${block.blockNumber} for slot ${block.slotNumber} from peer.`,
         { p2pMessageIdentifier: await block.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier() },
       );
-      return false;
+      return true;
     };
 
-    this.checkpointReceivedCallback = (
-      checkpoint: CheckpointProposalCore,
+    this.allNodesCheckpointReceivedCallback = (
+      _checkpoint: CheckpointProposalCore,
+    ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> => {
+      throw new CheckpointProposalReceivedCallbackNotRegisteredError();
+    };
+
+    this.validatorCheckpointReceivedCallback = (
+      _checkpoint: CheckpointProposalCore,
     ): Promise<CheckpointAttestation[] | undefined> => {
-      this.logger.debug(
-        `Handler not yet registered: Checkpoint received callback not set. Received checkpoint for slot ${checkpoint.slotNumber} from peer.`,
-      );
       return Promise.resolve(undefined);
     };
   }
 
-  public updateConfig(config: Partial<P2PReqRespConfig>) {
+  public updateConfig(config: Partial<P2PReqRespConfig & Pick<P2PConfig, 'skipIncomingProposals'>>) {
     this.reqresp.updateConfig(config);
+    this.config = merge(this.config, config);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -252,8 +325,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
    * @param txPool - The transaction pool to be accessed by the service.
    * @returns The new service.
    */
-  public static async new<T extends P2PClientType>(
-    clientType: T,
+  public static async new(
     config: P2PConfig,
     peerId: PeerId,
     deps: {
@@ -263,9 +335,11 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       proofVerifier: ClientProtocolCircuitVerifier;
       worldStateSynchronizer: WorldStateSynchronizer;
       peerStore: AztecAsyncKVStore;
+      blockMinFeesProvider: BlockMinFeesProvider;
       telemetry: TelemetryClient;
       logger: Logger;
       packageVersion: string;
+      txValidationCache?: TxValidationCache;
     },
   ) {
     const {
@@ -275,9 +349,11 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       mempools,
       proofVerifier,
       peerStore,
+      blockMinFeesProvider,
       telemetry,
       logger,
       packageVersion,
+      txValidationCache,
     } = deps;
     const { p2pPort, maxPeerCount, listenAddress } = config;
     const bindAddrTcp = convertToMultiaddr(listenAddress, p2pPort, 'tcp');
@@ -292,6 +368,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       packageVersion,
       telemetry,
       createLogger(`${logger.module}:discv5_service`, logger.getBindings()),
+      peerStore,
     );
 
     // Seed libp2p's bootstrap discovery with private and trusted peers
@@ -305,30 +382,50 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     const versions = getVersions(config);
     const protocolVersion = compressComponentVersions(versions);
 
-    const txTopic = createTopicString(TopicType.tx, protocolVersion);
-    const blockProposalTopic = createTopicString(TopicType.block_proposal, protocolVersion);
-    const checkpointProposalTopic = createTopicString(TopicType.checkpoint_proposal, protocolVersion);
-    const checkpointAttestationTopic = createTopicString(TopicType.checkpoint_attestation, protocolVersion);
-
     const preferredPeersEnrs: ENR[] = config.preferredPeers.map(enr => ENR.decodeTxt(enr));
-    const directPeers = (
+    const directPeers = compactArray(
       await Promise.all(
         preferredPeersEnrs.map(async enr => {
-          const peerId = await enr.peerId();
-          const address = enr.getLocationMultiaddr('tcp');
-          if (address === undefined) {
-            throw new Error(`Direct peer ${peerId.toString()} has no TCP address, ENR: ${enr.encodeTxt()}`);
+          try {
+            const peerId = await enr.peerId();
+            const address = enr.getLocationMultiaddr('tcp');
+            if (address === undefined) {
+              throw new Error(`Direct peer ${peerId.toString()} has no TCP address, ENR: ${enr.encodeTxt()}`);
+            }
+            return {
+              id: peerId,
+              addrs: [address],
+            };
+          } catch (err) {
+            // A malformed configured ENR shouldn't abort node setup — skip it and log.
+            logger.warn(`Skipping preferred peer with invalid ENR`, { err });
+            return undefined;
           }
-          return {
-            id: peerId,
-            addrs: [address],
-          };
         }),
-      )
-    ).filter(peer => peer !== undefined);
+      ),
+    );
 
     const announceTcpMultiaddr = config.p2pIp ? [convertToMultiaddr(config.p2pIp, p2pPort, 'tcp')] : [];
 
+    // Create dynamic topic score params based on network configuration. Scoring uses the network-wide
+    // max-blocks-per-checkpoint config value directly to size expected per-slot message rates; these are
+    // peer-rate thresholds, not consensus deadlines, so they need no proposer operational budgets.
+    const l1Constants = epochCache.getL1Constants();
+    const topicScoreParams = createAllTopicScoreParams(protocolVersion, {
+      slotDurationMs: l1Constants.slotDuration * 1000,
+      heartbeatIntervalMs: config.gossipsubInterval,
+      targetCommitteeSize: l1Constants.targetCommitteeSize,
+      maxBlocksPerCheckpoint: config.maxBlocksPerCheckpoint ?? DEFAULT_MAX_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT,
+      expectedBlockProposalsPerSlot: config.expectedBlockProposalsPerSlot,
+    });
+
+    // Restrict gossipsub to exactly the topics we subscribe to. Without this, an arbitrary-topic
+    // message is transformed, msg-id'd and inserted into the seenCache before the subscription check,
+    // so a crafted topic colliding on msg id can suppress a real message as a duplicate.
+    const allowedTopics = getTopicsForConfig(config.disableTransactions).map(topic =>
+      createTopicString(topic, protocolVersion),
+    );
+
     const node = await createLibp2p({
       start: false,
       peerId,
@@ -360,7 +457,8 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       ],
       datastore,
       peerDiscovery,
-      streamMuxers: [yamux(), mplex()],
+      // Pin the yamux frame size: MAX_REQRESP_REQUEST_SIZE_BYTES relies on a reqresp request fitting in one frame.
+      streamMuxers: [yamux({ maxMessageSize: YAMUX_MAX_MESSAGE_SIZE_BYTES }), mplex()],
       connectionEncryption: [noise()],
       connectionManager: {
         minConnections: 0, // Disable libp2p peer dialing, we do it manually
@@ -374,7 +472,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       },
       connectionGater: {
         denyInboundConnection: (maConn: MultiaddrConnection) => {
-          const allowed = peerManager.isNodeAllowedToConnect(maConn.remoteAddr.nodeAddress().address);
+          const allowed = peerManager.isAddressAllowedToConnect(maConn.remoteAddr.nodeAddress().address);
           if (allowed) {
             return false;
           }
@@ -385,7 +483,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
         denyInboundEncryptedConnection: (peerId: PeerId, _maConn: MultiaddrConnection) => {
           //NOTE: it is not necessary to check address here because this was already done by
           // denyInboundConnection
-          const allowed = peerManager.isNodeAllowedToConnect(peerId);
+          const allowed = peerManager.isPeerAllowedToConnect(peerId);
           if (allowed) {
             return false;
           }
@@ -413,9 +511,13 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
           mcacheLength: config.gossipsubMcacheLength,
           mcacheGossip: config.gossipsubMcacheGossip,
           seenTTL: config.gossipsubSeenTTL,
+          allowedTopics,
+          // No fastMsgIdFn: the fast-path dedup cache keys on a non-cryptographic 64-bit hash of the
+          // raw data only (no topic), so a collision — accidental or engineered via a weak seed — drops
+          // a different message with no fallback to the full id. Dedup instead rests solely on the
+          // cryptographic, topic-framed msgIdFn below.
           msgIdFn: getMsgIdFn,
           msgIdToStrFn: msgIdToStrFn,
-          fastMsgIdFn: fastMsgIdFn,
           dataTransform: new SnappyTransform(),
           metricsRegister: otelMetricsAdapter,
           metricsTopicStrToLabel: metricsTopicStrToLabels(protocolVersion),
@@ -424,32 +526,12 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
           scoreParams: createPeerScoreParams({
             // IPColocation factor can be disabled for local testing - default to -5
             IPColocationFactorWeight: config.debugDisableColocationPenalty ? 0 : -5.0,
-            topics: {
-              [txTopic]: createTopicScoreParams({
-                topicWeight: 1,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesWeight: -20,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesDecay: 0.5,
-              }),
-              [blockProposalTopic]: createTopicScoreParams({
-                topicWeight: 1,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesWeight: -20,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesDecay: 0.5,
-              }),
-              [checkpointProposalTopic]: createTopicScoreParams({
-                topicWeight: 1,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesWeight: -20,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesDecay: 0.5,
-              }),
-              [checkpointAttestationTopic]: createTopicScoreParams({
-                topicWeight: 1,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesWeight: -20,
-                invalidMessageDeliveriesDecay: 0.5,
-              }),
-            },
+            topics: topicScoreParams,
           }),
         }) as (components: GossipSubComponents) => GossipSub,
-        components: (components: { connectionManager: ConnectionManager }) => ({
+        components: (components: { connectionManager: ConnectionManager; addressManager: AddressManager }) => ({
           connectionManager: components.connectionManager,
+          addressManager: components.addressManager,
         }),
       },
       logger: createLibp2pComponentLogger(logger.module, logger.getBindings()),
@@ -471,13 +553,19 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       epochCache,
     );
 
-    // Update gossipsub score params
-    node.services.pubsub.score.params.appSpecificWeight = 10;
+    // Gate req/resp data protocols for unauthenticated peers when p2pAllowOnlyValidators is enabled
+    reqresp.setShouldRejectPeer(peerId => peerManager.shouldDisableP2PGossip(peerId));
+
+    // Configure application-specific scoring for gossipsub.
+    // The weight scales app score to align with gossipsub thresholds:
+    // - Disconnect (-50) × 10 = -500 = gossipThreshold (stops receiving gossip)
+    // - Ban (-100) × 10 = -1000 = publishThreshold (cannot publish)
+    // Note: positive topic scores can offset penalties, so alignment is best-effort.
+    node.services.pubsub.score.params.appSpecificWeight = APP_SPECIFIC_WEIGHT;
     node.services.pubsub.score.params.appSpecificScore = (peerId: string) =>
       peerManager.shouldDisableP2PGossip(peerId) ? -Infinity : peerManager.getPeerScore(peerId);
 
     return new LibP2PService(
-      clientType,
       config,
       node,
       peerDiscoveryService,
@@ -488,8 +576,10 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       epochCache,
       proofVerifier,
       worldStateSynchronizer,
+      blockMinFeesProvider,
       telemetry,
       logger,
+      txValidationCache,
     );
   }
 
@@ -503,28 +593,29 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       throw new Error('P2P service already started');
     }
 
-    // Get listen & announce addresses for logging
     const { p2pIp, p2pPort } = this.config;
-    if (!p2pIp) {
-      throw new Error('Announce address not provided.');
+    if (!p2pIp && !this.config.queryForIp) {
+      throw new Error('Announce address not provided and queryForIp is not enabled.');
     }
-    const announceTcpMultiaddr = convertToMultiaddr(p2pIp, p2pPort, 'tcp');
+    const announceTcpMultiaddr = p2pIp ? convertToMultiaddr(p2pIp, p2pPort, 'tcp') : undefined;
 
     // Create request response protocol handlers
     const txHandler = reqRespTxHandler(this.mempools);
     const goodbyeHandler = reqGoodbyeHandler(this.peerManager);
-    const blockHandler = reqRespBlockHandler(this.archiver);
     const statusHandler = reqRespStatusHandler(this.protocolVersion, this.worldStateSynchronizer, this.logger);
 
     const requestResponseHandlers: Partial<ReqRespSubProtocolHandlers> = {
       [ReqRespSubProtocol.PING]: pingHandler,
       [ReqRespSubProtocol.STATUS]: statusHandler.bind(this),
       [ReqRespSubProtocol.GOODBYE]: goodbyeHandler.bind(this),
-      [ReqRespSubProtocol.BLOCK]: blockHandler.bind(this),
     };
 
     if (!this.config.disableTransactions) {
-      const blockTxsHandler = reqRespBlockTxsHandler(this.mempools.attestationPool, this.mempools.txPool);
+      const blockTxsHandler = reqRespBlockTxsHandler(
+        this.mempools.attestationPool,
+        this.archiver,
+        this.mempools.txPool,
+      );
       requestResponseHandlers[ReqRespSubProtocol.BLOCK_TXS] = blockTxsHandler.bind(this);
     }
 
@@ -532,22 +623,14 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       requestResponseHandlers[ReqRespSubProtocol.TX] = txHandler.bind(this);
     }
 
-    // Define the sub protocol validators - This is done within this start() method to gain a callback to the existing validateTx function
-    const reqrespSubProtocolValidators = {
-      ...DEFAULT_SUB_PROTOCOL_VALIDATORS,
-      [ReqRespSubProtocol.TX]: this.validateRequestedTxs.bind(this),
-      [ReqRespSubProtocol.BLOCK_TXS]: this.validateRequestedBlockTxs.bind(this),
-      [ReqRespSubProtocol.BLOCK]: this.validateRequestedBlock.bind(this),
-    };
-
     await this.peerManager.initializePeers();
 
-    await this.reqresp.start(requestResponseHandlers, reqrespSubProtocolValidators);
+    await this.reqresp.start(requestResponseHandlers);
 
     await this.node.start();
 
     // Subscribe to standard GossipSub topics by default
-    for (const topic of getTopicsForClientAndConfig(this.clientType, this.config.disableTransactions)) {
+    for (const topic of getTopicsForConfig(this.config.disableTransactions)) {
       this.subscribeToTopic(this.topicStrings[topic]);
     }
 
@@ -558,6 +641,38 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     if (!this.config.p2pDiscoveryDisabled) {
       await this.peerDiscoveryService.start();
     }
+
+    // Bridge discv5 IP changes to libp2p's AddressManager so peers see the updated address
+    if (this.config.queryForIp) {
+      this.discoveredP2pIp = this.config.p2pIp;
+      this.logger.info('IP change tracking enabled, bridging discv5 IP updates to libp2p AddressManager');
+      this.ipChangedHandler = (ip: string) => {
+        const addressManager = this.node.services.components.addressManager;
+        const newAddr = multiaddr(convertToMultiaddr(ip, this.config.p2pPort, 'tcp'));
+        const previousIp = this.discoveredP2pIp;
+
+        if (previousIp) {
+          const oldAddr = multiaddr(convertToMultiaddr(previousIp, this.config.p2pPort, 'tcp'));
+          addressManager.removeObservedAddr(oldAddr);
+          this.logger.info('Libp2p announce address updated due to IP change', {
+            previousIp,
+            newIp: ip,
+            newMultiaddr: newAddr.toString(),
+          });
+        } else {
+          this.logger.info('Libp2p announce address set from initial discv5 IP discovery', {
+            ip,
+            multiaddr: newAddr.toString(),
+          });
+        }
+
+        addressManager.addObservedAddr(newAddr);
+        addressManager.confirmObservedAddr(newAddr);
+        this.discoveredP2pIp = ip;
+      };
+      this.peerDiscoveryService.on('ip:changed', this.ipChangedHandler);
+    }
+
     this.discoveryRunningPromise = new RunningPromise(
       async () => {
         await this.peerManager.heartbeat();
@@ -583,6 +698,11 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     // Remove gossip sub listener
     this.node.services.pubsub.removeEventListener(GossipSubEvent.MESSAGE, this.gossipSubEventHandler);
 
+    if (this.ipChangedHandler) {
+      this.peerDiscoveryService.removeListener('ip:changed', this.ipChangedHandler);
+      this.ipChangedHandler = undefined;
+    }
+
     // Stop peer manager
     this.logger.debug('Stopping peer manager...');
     await this.peerManager.stop();
@@ -597,12 +717,8 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     this.logger.info('LibP2P service stopped');
   }
 
-  addReqRespSubProtocol(
-    subProtocol: ReqRespSubProtocol,
-    handler: ReqRespSubProtocolHandler,
-    validator?: ReqRespSubProtocolValidators[ReqRespSubProtocol],
-  ): Promise<void> {
-    return this.reqresp.addSubProtocol(subProtocol, handler, validator);
+  addReqRespSubProtocol(subProtocol: ReqRespSubProtocol, handler: ReqRespSubProtocolHandler): Promise<void> {
+    return this.reqresp.addSubProtocol(subProtocol, handler);
   }
 
   public registerThisValidatorAddresses(address: EthAddress[]): void {
@@ -613,6 +729,10 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     return this.peerManager.getPeers(includePending);
   }
 
+  public getGossipMeshPeerCount(topicType: TopicType): number {
+    return this.node.services.pubsub.getMeshPeers(this.topicStrings[topicType]).length;
+  }
+
   private handleGossipSubEvent(e: CustomEvent<GossipsubMessage>) {
     this.logger.trace(`Received PUBSUB message.`);
 
@@ -626,20 +746,6 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     setImmediate(() => void safeJob());
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Send a batch of requests to peers, and return the responses
-   * @param protocol - The request response protocol to use
-   * @param requests - The requests to send to the peers
-   * @returns The responses to the requests
-   */
-  sendBatchRequest<SubProtocol extends ReqRespSubProtocol>(
-    protocol: SubProtocol,
-    requests: InstanceType<SubProtocolMap[SubProtocol]['request']>[],
-    pinnedPeerId: PeerId | undefined,
-  ): Promise<InstanceType<SubProtocolMap[SubProtocol]['response']>[]> {
-    return this.reqresp.sendBatchRequest(protocol, requests, pinnedPeerId);
-  }
-
   public sendRequestToPeer(
     peerId: PeerId,
     subProtocol: ReqRespSubProtocol,
@@ -661,8 +767,42 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     this.blockReceivedCallback = callback;
   }
 
-  public registerCheckpointReceivedCallback(callback: P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback) {
-    this.checkpointReceivedCallback = callback;
+  public registerValidatorCheckpointReceivedCallback(callback: P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback) {
+    this.validatorCheckpointReceivedCallback = callback;
+  }
+
+  public registerAllNodesCheckpointReceivedCallback(callback: P2PCheckpointReceivedCallback) {
+    this.allNodesCheckpointReceivedCallback = callback;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a callback to be invoked when a duplicate proposal is detected.
+   * This callback is triggered on the first duplicate (when count goes from 1 to 2).
+   */
+  public registerDuplicateProposalCallback(
+    callback: (info: { slot: SlotNumber; proposer: EthAddress; type: 'checkpoint' | 'block' }) => void,
+  ): void {
+    this.duplicateProposalCallback = callback;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a callback to be invoked when an oversized block proposal is stored as slashing evidence.
+   */
+  public registerOversizedProposalCallback(callback: P2POversizedProposalCallback): void {
+    this.oversizedProposalCallback = callback;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a callback to be invoked when a duplicate attestation is detected.
+   * A validator signing attestations for different proposals at the same slot.
+   * This callback is triggered on the first duplicate (when count goes from 1 to 2).
+   */
+  public registerDuplicateAttestationCallback(callback: P2PDuplicateAttestationCallback): void {
+    this.duplicateAttestationCallback = callback;
+  }
+
+  public registerCheckpointAttestationCallback(callback: P2PCheckpointAttestationCallback): void {
+    this.checkpointAttestationCallback = callback;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -729,6 +869,9 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     if (!validator || !validator.addMessage(msgId)) {
       this.instrumentation.incMessagePrevalidationStatus(false, topicType);
       this.node.services.pubsub.reportMessageValidationResult(msgId, source.toString(), TopicValidatorResult.Ignore);
+      if (topicType === TopicType.tx) {
+        this.logger.verbose(`Ignoring already-seen tx gossip message`, { msgId, source: source.toString() });
+      }
       return { result: false, topicType };
     }
 
@@ -790,12 +933,19 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
 
     // Process the message, optionally within a linked span for trace propagation
     const processMessage = async () => {
+      if (
+        this.config.skipIncomingProposals &&
+        (msg.topic === this.topicStrings[TopicType.block_proposal] ||
+          msg.topic === this.topicStrings[TopicType.checkpoint_proposal])
+      ) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Ignoring incoming proposal (skipIncomingProposals is set)`, { topic: msg.topic });
+        this.node.services.pubsub.reportMessageValidationResult(msgId, source.toString(), TopicValidatorResult.Ignore);
+        return;
+      }
       if (msg.topic === this.topicStrings[TopicType.tx]) {
         await this.handleGossipedTx(p2pMessage.payload, msgId, source);
       } else if (msg.topic === this.topicStrings[TopicType.checkpoint_attestation]) {
-        if (this.clientType === P2PClientType.Full) {
-          await this.processCheckpointAttestationFromPeer(p2pMessage.payload, msgId, source);
-        }
+        await this.processCheckpointAttestationFromPeer(p2pMessage.payload, msgId, source);
       } else if (msg.topic === this.topicStrings[TopicType.block_proposal]) {
         await this.processBlockFromPeer(p2pMessage.payload, msgId, source);
       } else if (msg.topic === this.topicStrings[TopicType.checkpoint_proposal]) {
@@ -851,51 +1001,145 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     return;
   }
 
-  protected async validateReceivedMessage<T>(
-    validationFunc: () => Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T>>,
+  protected async validateReceivedMessage<T, M = undefined>(
+    validationFunc: () => Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T, M>>,
     msgId: string,
     source: PeerId,
     topicType: TopicType,
-  ): Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T>> {
-    let resultAndObj: ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T> = { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
+  ): Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T, M>> {
+    // Default to reject result with a penalty if validation function throws an error
+    let resultAndObj: ReceivedMessageValidationResult<T, M> = {
+      result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject,
+      severity: PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError,
+    };
     const timer = new Timer();
     try {
       resultAndObj = await validationFunc();
     } catch (err) {
-      this.peerManager.penalizePeer(source, PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError);
-      this.logger.error(`Error deserializing and validating gossipsub message`, err, {
-        msgId,
-        source: source.toString(),
-        topicType,
-      });
+      this.logger.error(`Error validating gossipsub message`, err, { msgId, source: source.toString(), topicType });
+    }
+
+    const validationTimeMs = timer.ms();
+    const mcacheWindowMs = this.config.gossipsubMcacheLength * this.config.gossipsubInterval;
+    if (validationTimeMs > mcacheWindowMs * 0.75) {
+      this.instrumentation.incSlowValidation(topicType);
+      this.logger.warn(
+        `Gossip validation for ${topicType} took ${validationTimeMs}ms, approaching mcache eviction window of ${mcacheWindowMs}ms. ` +
+          `Message forwarding may be skipped if validation exceeds the window.`,
+        { msgId, source: source.toString(), topicType, validationTimeMs, mcacheWindowMs },
+      );
     }
 
     if (resultAndObj.result === TopicValidatorResult.Accept) {
+      this.logger.debug(`Message ${topicType} accepted by validator`, { msgId, source: source.toString(), topicType });
       this.instrumentation.recordMessageValidation(topicType, timer);
+    } else if (resultAndObj.result === TopicValidatorResult.Reject) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Message ${topicType} rejected by validator with severity ${resultAndObj.severity}`, {
+        msgId,
+        source: source.toString(),
+        topicType,
+        severity: resultAndObj.severity,
+      });
+      this.peerManager.penalizePeer(source, resultAndObj.severity);
+    } else {
+      this.logger.trace(`Message ${topicType} ignored by validator`, { msgId, source: source.toString(), topicType });
     }
 
     this.node.services.pubsub.reportMessageValidationResult(msgId, source.toString(), resultAndObj.result);
     return resultAndObj;
   }
 
+  private tryDeserialize<T>(deserializeFunc: () => T, msgId: string, source: PeerId): T | undefined {
+    try {
+      return deserializeFunc();
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Failed to deserialize gossipsub message from buffer`, {
+        err,
+        msgId,
+        source: source.toString(),
+      });
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
   protected async handleGossipedTx(payloadData: Buffer, msgId: string, source: PeerId) {
     const validationFunc: () => Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<Tx>> = async () => {
-      const tx = Tx.fromBuffer(payloadData);
-      const isValid = await this.validatePropagatedTx(tx, source);
-      const exists = isValid && (await this.mempools.txPool.hasTx(tx.getTxHash()));
+      const tx = this.tryDeserialize(() => Tx.fromBuffer(payloadData), msgId, source);
+      if (!tx) {
+        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity: PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError };
+      }
 
-      this.logger.trace(`Validate propagated tx`, {
-        isValid,
-        exists,
+      const currentBlockNumber = await this.archiver.getBlockNumber();
+      const { ts: nextSlotTimestamp } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
+
+      // Stage 1: fast validators (metadata, data, timestamps, double-spend, gas, phases, block header)
+      const firstStageValidators = await this.createFirstStageMessageValidators(currentBlockNumber, nextSlotTimestamp);
+      const firstStageOutcome = await this.runValidations(tx, firstStageValidators);
+      if (!firstStageOutcome.allPassed) {
+        const { name } = firstStageOutcome.failure;
+        let { severity } = firstStageOutcome.failure;
+
+        // Double spend validator has a special case handler. We perform more detailed examination
+        // as to how recently the nullifier was entered into the tree and if the transaction should
+        // have 'known' the nullifier existed. This determines the severity of the penalty applied to the peer.
+        if (name === 'doubleSpendValidator') {
+          const txBlockNumber = BlockNumber(currentBlockNumber + 1);
+          severity = await this.handleDoubleSpendFailure(tx, txBlockNumber);
+        }
+
+        this.logger.verbose(`Rejecting gossiped tx ${tx.getTxHash().toString()}: stage 1 validation failed`, {
+          validator: name,
+          severity,
+          source: source.toString(),
+        });
+        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity };
+      }
+
+      // Pool pre-check: see if the pool would accept this tx before doing expensive proof verification
+      const canAdd = await this.mempools.txPool.canAddPendingTx(tx);
+      if (canAdd === 'ignored') {
+        this.logger.verbose(`Ignoring gossiped tx ${tx.getTxHash().toString()}: pool pre-check returned ignored`, {
+          source: source.toString(),
+        });
+        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: tx };
+      }
+
+      // Stage 2: expensive proof verification
+      const secondStageValidators = this.createSecondStageMessageValidators();
+      const secondStageOutcome = await this.runValidations(tx, secondStageValidators);
+      if (!secondStageOutcome.allPassed) {
+        const { severity, name } = secondStageOutcome.failure;
+        this.logger.verbose(`Rejecting gossiped tx ${tx.getTxHash().toString()}: stage 2 validation failed`, {
+          validator: name,
+          severity,
+          source: source.toString(),
+        });
+        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity };
+      }
+
+      // Pool add: persist the tx
+      const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
+      const addResult = await this.mempools.txPool.addPendingTxs([tx], { source: 'gossip' });
+
+      const wasAccepted = addResult.accepted.some(h => h.equals(txHash));
+      const wasIgnored = addResult.ignored.some(h => h.equals(txHash));
+
+      this.logger.verbose(`Validate propagated tx ${txHash.toString()}`, {
+        wasAccepted,
+        wasIgnored,
         [Attributes.P2P_ID]: source.toString(),
       });
 
-      if (!isValid) {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
-      } else if (exists) {
+      if (wasAccepted) {
+        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: tx };
+      } else if (wasIgnored) {
         return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: tx };
       } else {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: tx };
+        this.logger.warn(`Gossiped tx ${txHash.toString()} unexpectedly rejected by pool`, {
+          source: source.toString(),
+          txHash: txHash.toString(),
+        });
+        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity: PeerErrorSeverity.HighToleranceError };
       }
     };
 
@@ -904,6 +1148,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       return;
     }
 
+    // Tx was accepted into pool and will be propagated - just log and record metrics
     const txHash = tx.getTxHash();
     const txHashString = txHash.toString();
     this.logger.verbose(`Received tx ${txHashString} from external peer ${source.toString()} via gossip`, {
@@ -911,13 +1156,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       txHash: txHashString,
     });
 
-    if (this.config.dropTransactions && randomInt(1000) < this.config.dropTransactionsProbability * 1000) {
-      this.logger.warn(`Intentionally dropping tx ${txHashString} (probability rule)`);
-      return;
-    }
-
     this.instrumentation.incrementTxReceived(1);
-    await this.mempools.txPool.addTxs([tx]);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -929,47 +1168,17 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     msgId: string,
     source: PeerId,
   ): Promise<void> {
-    const validationFunc: () => Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<CheckpointAttestation>> = async () => {
-      const attestation = CheckpointAttestation.fromBuffer(payloadData);
-      const pool = this.mempools.attestationPool;
-      const validationResult = await this.validateCheckpointAttestation(source, attestation);
-      const isValid = validationResult.result === 'accept';
-      const exists = isValid && (await pool.hasCheckpointAttestation(attestation));
-
-      let canAdd = true;
-      if (isValid && !exists) {
-        const slot = attestation.payload.header.slotNumber;
-        const { committee } = await this.epochCache.getCommittee(slot);
-        const committeeSize = committee?.length ?? 0;
-        canAdd = await pool.canAddCheckpointAttestation(attestation, committeeSize);
-      }
-
-      this.logger.trace(`Validate propagated checkpoint attestation`, {
-        isValid,
-        exists,
-        canAdd,
-        [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: attestation.payload.header.slotNumber.toString(),
-        [Attributes.P2P_ID]: source.toString(),
-      });
-
-      if (validationResult.result === 'reject') {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
-      } else if (validationResult.result === 'ignore' || exists) {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: attestation };
-      } else if (!canAdd) {
-        this.logger.warn(`Dropping checkpoint attestation due to per-(slot, proposalId) attestation cap`, {
-          slot: attestation.payload.header.slotNumber.toString(),
-          archive: attestation.archive.toString(),
-          source: source.toString(),
-        });
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: attestation };
-      } else {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: attestation };
-      }
-    };
-
     const { result, obj: attestation } = await this.validateReceivedMessage<CheckpointAttestation>(
-      validationFunc,
+      () => {
+        const attestation = this.tryDeserialize(() => CheckpointAttestation.fromBuffer(payloadData), msgId, source);
+        if (!attestation) {
+          return Promise.resolve({
+            result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject,
+            severity: PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError,
+          });
+        }
+        return this.validateAndStoreCheckpointAttestation(source, attestation);
+      },
       msgId,
       source,
       TopicType.checkpoint_attestation,
@@ -979,8 +1188,8 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       return;
     }
 
-    this.logger.debug(
-      `Received checkpoint attestation for slot ${attestation.slotNumber} from external peer ${source.toString()}`,
+    this.logger.verbose(
+      `Received valid checkpoint attestation for slot ${attestation.slotNumber} from external peer ${source.toString()}`,
       {
         p2pMessageIdentifier: await attestation.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier(),
         slot: attestation.slotNumber,
@@ -988,60 +1197,192 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
         source: source.toString(),
       },
     );
-
-    await this.mempools.attestationPool.addCheckpointAttestations([attestation]);
   }
 
-  private async processBlockFromPeer(payloadData: Buffer, msgId: string, source: PeerId): Promise<void> {
-    const validationFunc: () => Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<BlockProposal>> = async () => {
-      const block = BlockProposal.fromBuffer(payloadData);
-      const validationResult = await this.validateBlockProposal(source, block);
-      const isValid = validationResult.result === 'accept';
-      const pool = this.mempools.attestationPool;
-
-      const exists = isValid && (await pool.hasBlockProposal(block));
-      const canAdd = isValid && (await pool.canAddProposal(block));
-
-      this.logger.trace(`Validate propagated block proposal`, {
-        isValid,
-        exists,
-        canAdd,
-        [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: block.slotNumber.toString(),
-        [Attributes.P2P_ID]: source.toString(),
+  /** Validates a checkpoint attestation and adds it to the pool. Penalizes the peer if validation fails. */
+  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateAndStoreCheckpointAttestation', (_peerId, attestation) => ({
+    [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: attestation.payload.header.slotNumber.toString(),
+  }))
+  protected async validateAndStoreCheckpointAttestation(
+    peerId: PeerId,
+    attestation: CheckpointAttestation,
+  ): Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<CheckpointAttestation>> {
+    const validationResult = await this.checkpointAttestationValidator.validate(attestation);
+
+    if (validationResult.result === 'reject') {
+      this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer ${peerId} for checkpoint attestation validation failure`);
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity: validationResult.severity };
+    }
+
+    if (validationResult.result === 'ignore') {
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: attestation };
+    }
+
+    // Try to add the attestation: this handles existence check, cap check, and adding in one call
+    // count is the number of attestations by this signer for this slot (for duplicate detection)
+    const slot = attestation.payload.header.slotNumber;
+    const { added, alreadyExists, count } =
+      await this.mempools.attestationPool.tryAddCheckpointAttestation(attestation);
+
+    this.logger.trace(`Validate propagated checkpoint attestation`, {
+      added,
+      alreadyExists,
+      count,
+      [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: slot.toString(),
+      [Attributes.P2P_ID]: peerId.toString(),
+    });
+
+    // Exact same attestation received, no need to re-broadcast
+    if (alreadyExists) {
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: attestation };
+    }
+
+    // Could not add (cap reached for signer), penalize and do not re-broadcast
+    if (!added) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Rejecting checkpoint attestation due to cap`, {
+        slot: slot.toString(),
+        archive: attestation.archive.toString(),
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+        attester: attestation.getSender()?.toString(),
+        count,
       });
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity: PeerErrorSeverity.HighToleranceError };
+    }
 
-      if (validationResult.result === 'reject') {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
-      } else if (validationResult.result === 'ignore' || exists) {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: block };
-      } else if (!canAdd) {
-        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(source, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
-        this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer for block proposal exceeding per-slot cap`, {
-          slot: block.slotNumber.toString(),
-          archive: block.archive.toString(),
-          source: source.toString(),
+    // Check if this is a duplicate attestation (signer attested to a different proposal at the same slot)
+    // count is the number of attestations by this signer for this slot
+    if (count === 2) {
+      const attester = attestation.getSender();
+      if (attester) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Detected duplicate attestation (equivocation) at slot ${slot}`, {
+          slot: slot.toString(),
+          archive: attestation.archive.toString(),
+          source: peerId.toString(),
+          attester: attester.toString(),
         });
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
-      } else {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: block };
+        this.duplicateAttestationCallback?.({ slot, attester });
       }
-    };
+    }
 
-    const { result, obj: block } = await this.validateReceivedMessage<BlockProposal>(
-      validationFunc,
+    // Attestation was added successfully - accept it so other nodes can also detect the equivocation
+    this.checkpointAttestationCallback?.(attestation);
+    return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: attestation };
+  }
+
+  protected async processBlockFromPeer(payloadData: Buffer, msgId: string, source: PeerId): Promise<void> {
+    const {
+      result,
+      obj: block,
+      metadata: { isEquivocated, isOversized } = {},
+    } = await this.validateReceivedMessage<BlockProposal, { isEquivocated: boolean; isOversized: boolean }>(
+      () => this.validateAndStoreBlockProposal(source, BlockProposal.fromBuffer(payloadData)),
       msgId,
       source,
       TopicType.block_proposal,
     );
 
-    if (!result || !block) {
+    // If not accepted, equivocated, or oversized, return. Oversized proposals are re-broadcast as
+    // slashing evidence but never attested or processed.
+    if (result !== TopicValidatorResult.Accept || !block || isEquivocated || isOversized) {
       return;
     }
 
     await this.processValidBlockProposal(block, source);
   }
 
-  // REVIEW: callback pattern https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/issues/7963
+  /** Validates a block proposal. Triggers a penalization to the peer that sent it if invalid. Adds to the mempool if valid. */
+  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateAndStoreBlockProposal', (_peerId, block) => ({
+    [Attributes.BLOCK_NUMBER]: block.blockNumber.toString(),
+    [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: block.slotNumber.toString(),
+  }))
+  protected async validateAndStoreBlockProposal(
+    peerId: PeerId,
+    block: BlockProposal,
+  ): Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<BlockProposal, { isEquivocated: boolean; isOversized: boolean }>> {
+    const validationResult = await this.blockProposalValidator.validate(block);
+
+    if (validationResult.result === 'reject') {
+      this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer ${peerId} for block proposal validation failure`);
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity: validationResult.severity };
+    }
+
+    if (validationResult.result === 'ignore') {
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: block };
+    }
+
+    // Try to add the proposal: this handles existence check, cap check, and adding in one call
+    const { added, alreadyExists, count } = await this.mempools.attestationPool.tryAddBlockProposal(block);
+    const isEquivocated = count !== undefined && count > 1;
+    // An oversized proposal (index at or beyond the consensus per-checkpoint limit) is structurally valid
+    // proposer misbehavior: it is stored and re-broadcast as slashing evidence but never processed or
+    // attested to. No-ops when maxBlocksPerCheckpoint is unset (local/test).
+    const isOversized =
+      this.config.maxBlocksPerCheckpoint !== undefined &&
+      block.indexWithinCheckpoint >= this.config.maxBlocksPerCheckpoint;
+
+    // Duplicate proposal received, no need to re-broadcast
+    if (alreadyExists) {
+      this.logger.debug(`Ignoring duplicate block proposal received`, {
+        ...block.toBlockInfo(),
+        indexWithinCheckpoint: block.indexWithinCheckpoint,
+        proposer: block.getSender()?.toString(),
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+      });
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: block, metadata: { isEquivocated, isOversized } };
+    }
+
+    // Too many blocks received for this slot and index, penalize peer and do not re-broadcast
+    if (!added) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer for block proposal exceeding per-position cap`, {
+        ...block.toBlockInfo(),
+        indexWithinCheckpoint: block.indexWithinCheckpoint,
+        count,
+        proposer: block.getSender()?.toString(),
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+      });
+      return {
+        result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject,
+        metadata: { isEquivocated, isOversized },
+        severity: PeerErrorSeverity.HighToleranceError,
+      };
+    }
+
+    // The proposal was stored: if oversized, invoke the oversized callback so the proposer can be
+    // slashed. Fired alongside (not instead of) equivocation detection below.
+    if (isOversized) {
+      const proposer = block.getSender();
+      if (proposer) {
+        this.logger.warn(`Detected oversized block proposal at slot ${block.slotNumber}`, {
+          ...block.toBlockInfo(),
+          indexWithinCheckpoint: block.indexWithinCheckpoint,
+          maxBlocksPerCheckpoint: this.config.maxBlocksPerCheckpoint,
+          source: peerId.toString(),
+          proposer: proposer.toString(),
+        });
+        this.oversizedProposalCallback?.({ slot: block.slotNumber, proposer });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If this was a duplicate proposal, do not process it, but do invoke the duplicate callback,
+    // and do re-broadcast it so other nodes in the network know to slash the proposer
+    if (isEquivocated) {
+      const proposer = block.getSender();
+      this.logger.warn(`Detected duplicate block proposal (equivocation) at slot ${block.slotNumber}`, {
+        ...block.toBlockInfo(),
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+        proposer: proposer?.toString(),
+      });
+      // Invoke the duplicate callback on the first duplicate spotted only
+      if (proposer && count === 2) {
+        this.duplicateProposalCallback?.({ slot: block.slotNumber, proposer, type: 'block' });
+      }
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: block, metadata: { isEquivocated, isOversized } };
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, we're good to go!
+    return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: block, metadata: { isEquivocated: false, isOversized } };
+  }
+
   // REFACTOR(palla): This method should be moved to the p2p_client or to a separate component,
   // should not be here as it does not deal with p2p networking.
   @trackSpan('Libp2pService.processValidBlockProposal', async block => ({
@@ -1049,7 +1390,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     [Attributes.BLOCK_ARCHIVE]: block.archive.toString(),
     [Attributes.P2P_ID]: await block.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier().then(i => i.toString()),
   }))
-  private async processValidBlockProposal(block: BlockProposal, sender: PeerId) {
+  protected async processValidBlockProposal(block: BlockProposal, sender: PeerId) {
     const slot = block.slotNumber;
     this.logger.verbose(`Received block proposal for slot ${slot} from external peer ${sender.toString()}.`, {
       p2pMessageIdentifier: await block.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier(),
@@ -1057,30 +1398,17 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       ...block.toBlockInfo(),
     });
 
-    // Attempt to add proposal
-    try {
-      await this.mempools.attestationPool.addBlockProposal(block);
-    } catch (err: unknown) {
-      // Drop proposals if we hit per-slot cap in the attestation pool; rethrow unknown errors
-      if (err instanceof ProposalSlotCapExceededError) {
-        this.logger.warn(`Dropping block proposal due to per-slot proposal cap`, {
-          slot: String(slot),
-          archive: block.archive.toString(),
-          error: (err as Error).message,
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-      throw err;
-    }
-
-    // Mark the txs in this proposal as non-evictable
-    await this.mempools.txPool.markTxsAsNonEvictable(block.txHashes);
+    // Mark the txs in this proposal as protected
+    await this.mempools.txPool.protectTxs(block.txHashes, block.blockHeader);
 
     // Call the block received callback to validate the proposal.
     // Note: Validators do NOT attest to individual blocks, only to checkpoint proposals.
     const isValid = await this.blockReceivedCallback(block, sender);
     if (!isValid) {
-      this.logger.warn(`Block proposal validation failed for block ${block.blockNumber}`, block.toBlockInfo());
+      this.logger.info(`Block proposal validation failed for block ${block.blockNumber}`, block.toBlockInfo());
+      // Release the protections this proposal created so its txs return to pending. Only entries still
+      // keyed to this slot are cleared, so a tx referenced by a live proposal at another slot stays protected.
+      await this.mempools.txPool.unprotectTxs(block.txHashes, slot);
     }
   }
 
@@ -1088,67 +1416,182 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
    * Handle a gossiped checkpoint proposal.
    * Validates and processes the checkpoint proposal, then triggers the callback for attestation.
    */
-  private async handleGossipedCheckpointProposal(payloadData: Buffer, msgId: string, source: PeerId): Promise<void> {
-    // TODO(palla/mbps): This pattern is repeated across multiple message handlers, consider abstracting it.
-    const validationFunc: () => Promise<ReceivedMessageValidationResult<CheckpointProposal>> = async () => {
-      const checkpoint = CheckpointProposal.fromBuffer(payloadData);
-      const validationResult = await this.validateCheckpointProposal(source, checkpoint);
-      const isValid = validationResult.result === 'accept';
-      const pool = this.mempools.attestationPool;
-
-      const exists = isValid && (await pool.hasCheckpointProposal(checkpoint));
-      const canAdd = isValid && (await pool.canAddCheckpointProposal(checkpoint));
-
-      this.logger.trace(`Validate propagated checkpoint proposal`, {
-        isValid,
-        exists,
-        canAdd,
-        [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: checkpoint.slotNumber.toString(),
-        [Attributes.P2P_ID]: source.toString(),
-      });
-
-      if (validationResult.result === 'reject') {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
-      } else if (validationResult.result === 'ignore' || exists) {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: checkpoint };
-      } else if (!canAdd) {
-        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(source, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
-        this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer for checkpoint proposal exceeding per-slot cap`, {
-          slot: checkpoint.slotNumber.toString(),
-          archive: checkpoint.archive.toString(),
-          source: source.toString(),
-        });
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject };
-      } else {
-        return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept, obj: checkpoint };
-      }
-    };
-
-    const { result, obj: checkpoint } = await this.validateReceivedMessage<CheckpointProposal>(
-      validationFunc,
+  protected async handleGossipedCheckpointProposal(payloadData: Buffer, msgId: string, source: PeerId): Promise<void> {
+    const {
+      result,
+      obj: checkpoint,
+      metadata: { isEquivocated, processBlock, isOversized } = {},
+    } = await this.validateReceivedMessage<
+      CheckpointProposal,
+      { isEquivocated: boolean; processBlock: boolean; isOversized: boolean }
+    >(
+      () => this.validateAndStoreCheckpointProposal(source, CheckpointProposal.fromBuffer(payloadData)),
       msgId,
       source,
       TopicType.checkpoint_proposal,
     );
 
-    if (result !== TopicValidatorResult.Accept || !checkpoint) {
+    // An oversized checkpoint is re-broadcast as slashing evidence but never attested or processed.
+    // Process checkpoint proposal if valid and neither equivocated nor oversized.
+    const processCheckpointFn = () =>
+      result === TopicValidatorResult.Accept && checkpoint && !isEquivocated && !isOversized
+        ? this.processValidCheckpointProposal(checkpoint.toCore(), source)
+        : Promise.resolve();
+
+    // If the checkpoint contained a valid last block, we process it even if the checkpoint itself is to be rejected
+    // TODO(palla/mbps): Is this ok? Should we be considering a block from a checkpoint that was equivocated?
+    const processBlockFn = () =>
+      processBlock && checkpoint && checkpoint.getBlockProposal()
+        ? this.processValidBlockProposal(checkpoint.getBlockProposal()!, source)
+        : Promise.resolve();
+
+    // A node that skips checkpoint validation attests without re-executing the embedded last block, so run
+    // the checkpoint callback first: this creates and broadcasts the attestation before the block is
+    // processed. Otherwise the block's re-execution — which can stall until the re-execution deadline
+    // waiting for a parent that may never arrive — would delay the attestation past the slot's attestation
+    // window, after which peers reject it as stale.
+    if (this.config.skipCheckpointProposalValidation) {
+      await processCheckpointFn();
+      await processBlockFn();
       return;
     }
 
-    await this.processValidCheckpointProposal(checkpoint, source);
+    // Process the block first, since it's required for the checkpoint proposal validation.
+    await processBlockFn();
+    await processCheckpointFn();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Validates a checkpoint proposal. Penalizes peer if validation fails. Adds the checkpoint and
+   * its last block (if present) to the mempool if valid. Triggers equivocation detection on both.
+   */
+  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateAndStoreCheckpointProposal', (_peerId, checkpoint) => ({
+    [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: checkpoint.slotNumber.toString(),
+  }))
+  protected async validateAndStoreCheckpointProposal(
+    peerId: PeerId,
+    checkpoint: CheckpointProposal,
+  ): Promise<
+    ReceivedMessageValidationResult<
+      CheckpointProposal,
+      { isEquivocated: boolean; processBlock: boolean; isOversized: boolean }
+    >
+  > {
+    const validationResult = await this.checkpointProposalValidator.validate(checkpoint);
+
+    if (validationResult.result === 'reject') {
+      this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer ${peerId} for checkpoint proposal validation failure`);
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject, severity: validationResult.severity };
+    }
+
+    if (validationResult.result === 'ignore') {
+      return { result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore, obj: checkpoint };
+    }
+
+    // Extract and try to add the block proposal first if present
+    const blockProposal = checkpoint.getBlockProposal();
+    let processBlock = false;
+    let isOversized = false;
+    if (blockProposal) {
+      this.logger.debug(`Validating block proposal from propagated checkpoint`, {
+        [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: checkpoint.slotNumber.toString(),
+        [Attributes.P2P_ID]: peerId.toString(),
+      });
+      const blockProposalResult = await this.validateAndStoreBlockProposal(peerId, blockProposal);
+      const { obj, metadata: { isEquivocated, isOversized: blockIsOversized } = {} } = blockProposalResult;
+      isOversized = blockIsOversized ?? false;
+
+      if (blockProposalResult.result === TopicValidatorResult.Reject || !obj || isEquivocated) {
+        this.logger.debug(`Rejecting checkpoint due to invalid last block proposal`, {
+          [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: checkpoint.slotNumber.toString(),
+          [Attributes.P2P_ID]: peerId.toString(),
+          isEquivocated,
+          result: blockProposalResult.result,
+        });
+        return {
+          result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject,
+          severity:
+            'severity' in blockProposalResult ? blockProposalResult.severity : PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError,
+        };
+      } else if (blockProposalResult.result === TopicValidatorResult.Accept && obj && !isEquivocated && !isOversized) {
+        // An oversized terminal block is re-broadcast as slashing evidence but never processed.
+        processBlock = true;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Try to add the checkpoint proposal core: this handles existence check, cap check, and adding in one call
+    const checkpointCore = checkpoint.toCore();
+    const tryAddResult = await this.mempools.attestationPool.tryAddCheckpointProposal(checkpointCore);
+    const { added, alreadyExists, count } = tryAddResult;
+    const isEquivocated = count !== undefined && count > 1;
+
+    // Duplicate proposal received, do not re-broadcast
+    if (alreadyExists) {
+      this.logger.debug(`Ignoring duplicate checkpoint proposal received`, {
+        ...checkpoint.toCheckpointInfo(),
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+      });
+      return {
+        result: TopicValidatorResult.Ignore,
+        obj: checkpoint,
+        metadata: { isEquivocated, processBlock, isOversized },
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Too many checkpoint proposals received for this slot, penalize peer and do not re-broadcast.
+    // Note: We still return the checkpoint obj so the lastBlock can be processed if valid
+    if (!added) {
+      this.logger.warn(`Penalizing peer for checkpoint proposal exceeding per-slot cap`, {
+        ...checkpoint.toCheckpointInfo(),
+        count,
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+      });
+      return {
+        result: TopicValidatorResult.Reject,
+        obj: checkpoint,
+        metadata: { isEquivocated, processBlock, isOversized },
+        severity: PeerErrorSeverity.HighToleranceError,
+      };
+    }
+
+    // If this was a duplicate proposal, do not process it, but do invoke the duplicate callback,
+    // and do re-broadcast it so other nodes in the network know to slash the proposer
+    if (isEquivocated) {
+      const proposer = checkpoint.getSender();
+      this.logger.warn(`Detected duplicate checkpoint proposal (equivocation) at slot ${checkpoint.slotNumber}`, {
+        ...checkpoint.toCheckpointInfo(),
+        source: peerId.toString(),
+        proposer: proposer?.toString(),
+      });
+      // Invoke the duplicate callback on the first duplicate spotted only
+      if (proposer && count === 2) {
+        this.duplicateProposalCallback?.({ slot: checkpoint.slotNumber, proposer, type: 'checkpoint' });
+      }
+      return {
+        result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept,
+        obj: checkpoint,
+        metadata: { isEquivocated, processBlock, isOversized },
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, we're good to go!
+    return {
+      result: TopicValidatorResult.Accept,
+      obj: checkpoint,
+      metadata: { processBlock, isEquivocated, isOversized },
+    };
   }
 
   /**
    * Process a validated checkpoint proposal.
-   * Extracts and processes the last block proposal (if present) first, then processes the checkpoint.
-   * The block callback is invoked before the checkpoint callback.
+   * Note: The proposal was already added to the pool by tryAddCheckpointProposal in handleGossipedCheckpointProposal.
    */
   @trackSpan('Libp2pService.processValidCheckpointProposal', async checkpoint => ({
     [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: checkpoint.slotNumber,
     [Attributes.BLOCK_ARCHIVE]: checkpoint.archive.toString(),
     [Attributes.P2P_ID]: await checkpoint.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier().then(i => i.toString()),
   }))
-  private async processValidCheckpointProposal(checkpoint: CheckpointProposal, sender: PeerId) {
+  protected async processValidCheckpointProposal(checkpoint: CheckpointProposalCore, sender: PeerId) {
     const slot = checkpoint.slotNumber;
     this.logger.verbose(`Received checkpoint proposal for slot ${slot} from external peer ${sender.toString()}.`, {
       p2pMessageIdentifier: await checkpoint.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier(),
@@ -1157,37 +1600,14 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
       source: sender.toString(),
     });
 
-    // Extract block proposal before adding to pool (pool stores them separately)
-    const blockProposal = checkpoint.getBlockProposal();
-
-    // Add proposal to the pool (this extracts and stores block proposal separately)
-    await this.mempools.attestationPool.addCheckpointProposal(checkpoint);
-
-    // Mark txs as non-evictable if present (from the last block)
-    if (checkpoint.txHashes.length > 0) {
-      await this.mempools.txPool.markTxsAsNonEvictable(checkpoint.txHashes);
-    }
-
-    // If there was a last block proposal, invoke the block callback first for validation.
-    // Note: The block proposal is already stored in the pool by addCheckpointProposal.
-    if (blockProposal) {
-      const isValid = await this.blockReceivedCallback(blockProposal, sender);
-      if (!isValid) {
-        this.logger.warn(`Block proposal from checkpoint failed validation`, {
-          slot: slot.toString(),
-          archive: checkpoint.archive.toString(),
-          blockNumber: blockProposal.blockNumber.toString(),
-        });
-        return;
-      }
-    }
+    await this.allNodesCheckpointReceivedCallback(checkpoint, sender);
 
     // Call the checkpoint received callback with the core version (without lastBlock)
     // to validate and potentially generate attestations
-    const attestations = await this.checkpointReceivedCallback(checkpoint.toCore(), sender);
+    const attestations = await this.validatorCheckpointReceivedCallback(checkpoint, sender);
     if (attestations && attestations.length > 0) {
       // If the callback returned attestations, add them to the pool and propagate them
-      await this.mempools.attestationPool.addCheckpointAttestations(attestations);
+      await this.mempools.attestationPool.addOwnCheckpointAttestations(attestations);
       for (const attestation of attestations) {
         await this.propagate(attestation);
       }
@@ -1207,82 +1627,87 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
   }
 
   /**
-   * Validate the requested block transactions. Allow partial returns.
+   * Validate the requested block transactions request-response consistency.
+   * It does NOT validate the transactions themselves.
    * @param request - The block transactions request.
    * @param response - The block transactions response.
    * @param peerId - The ID of the peer that made the request.
-   * @returns True if the requested block transactions are valid, false otherwise.
+   * @returns True if the request-response is consistent, false otherwise.
    */
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateRequestedBlockTxs', request => ({
+  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateRequestedBlockTxsConsistency', request => ({
     [Attributes.BLOCK_ARCHIVE]: request.archiveRoot.toString(),
   }))
-  private async validateRequestedBlockTxs(
+  protected async validateRequestedBlockTxsConsistency(
     request: BlockTxsRequest,
     response: BlockTxsResponse,
     peerId: PeerId,
   ): Promise<boolean> {
-    const requestedTxValidator = this.createRequestedTxValidator();
-
     try {
-      if (!response.archiveRoot.equals(request.archiveRoot)) {
+      // Check for duplicates txs (or hashes) in the response.
+      const returnedHashes = response.txs.map(tx => tx.getTxHash().toString());
+      const uniqueReturned = new Set(returnedHashes.map(h => h.toString()));
+      if (uniqueReturned.size !== returnedHashes.length) {
         this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
-        throw new ValidationError(
-          `Received block txs for unexpected archive root: expected ${request.archiveRoot.toString()}, got ${response.archiveRoot.toString()}`,
+        throw new ValidationError(`Received duplicate txs in block txs response`);
+      }
+
+      // We get the block tx hashes from the proposal or the archiver.
+      const proposal = await this.mempools.attestationPool.getBlockProposalByArchive(request.archiveRoot.toString());
+      const blockTxHashes =
+        proposal?.txHashes ??
+        (await this.archiver.getBlock({ archive: request.archiveRoot }))?.body.txEffects.map(e => e.txHash);
+
+      // If we don't have the block, we can't verify membership/order of the returned txs.
+      if (!blockTxHashes) {
+        // This shouldn't happen, since we asked for the block (proposal).
+        // Neither a local proposal nor an archived block: we cannot verify membership/order of the
+        // returned txs. This is a local-state gap, not a peer fault, so we do not penalize.
+        this.logger.warn(
+          `Block ${request.archiveRoot.toString()} not found in attestation pool or archiver; cannot validate membership/order of returned txs`,
         );
+        // NOTE: We mark the response as invalid, given the limitations of a true/false return value.
+        return false;
       }
 
-      if (response.txIndices.getLength() !== request.txIndices.getLength()) {
-        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
+      // Verify that the returned tx hashes are a subset of (tx hashes by index) U (explicitly requested tx hashes).
+      const uniqueRequestedHashes = new Set([
+        // tx hashes requested by index.
+        ...request.txIndices.getTrueIndices().map(i => blockTxHashes[i].toString()),
+        // explicitly requested tx hashes.
+        ...request.txHashes.map(h => h.toString()),
+      ]);
+      if (!returnedHashes.every(h => uniqueRequestedHashes.has(h))) {
+        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError);
         throw new ValidationError(
-          `Received block txs with mismatched bitvector length: expected ${request.txIndices.getLength()}, got ${response.txIndices.getLength()}`,
+          'Returned txs should be a subset of (tx hashes by index) U (explicitly requested tx hashes)',
         );
       }
 
-      // Check no duplicates and not exceeding returnable count
-      const requestedIndices = new Set(request.txIndices.getTrueIndices());
-      const availableIndices = new Set(response.txIndices.getTrueIndices());
-      const maxReturnable = [...requestedIndices].filter(i => availableIndices.has(i)).length;
-
-      const returnedHashes = await Promise.all(response.txs.map(tx => tx.getTxHash().toString()));
-      const uniqueReturned = new Set(returnedHashes.map(h => h.toString()));
-      if (uniqueReturned.size !== returnedHashes.length) {
-        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
-        throw new ValidationError(`Received duplicate txs in block txs response`);
+      // Tx indices information is optional, but if present, we need to verify a few things.
+      if (!response.peerHasBlock()) {
+        this.logger.debug(`Peer ${peerId.toString()} signalled missing block`);
+        return true;
       }
-      if (response.txs.length > maxReturnable) {
+
+      // If the response has a non-empty bitvector, it needs to be consistent with the number of txs in the block.
+      if (response.txIndices.getLength() !== blockTxHashes.length) {
         this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
         throw new ValidationError(
-          `Received more txs (${response.txs.length}) than requested-and-available (${maxReturnable})`,
+          `Received block txs with mismatched bitvector length: expected ${blockTxHashes.length}, got ${response.txIndices.getLength()}`,
         );
       }
 
-      // Given proposal (should have locally), ensure returned txs are valid subset and match request indices
-      const proposal = await this.mempools.attestationPool.getBlockProposal(request.archiveRoot.toString());
-      if (proposal) {
-        // Build intersected indices
-        const intersectIdx = request.txIndices.getTrueIndices().filter(i => response.txIndices.isSet(i));
-
-        // Enforce subset membership and preserve increasing order by index.
-        const hashToIndexInProposal = new Map<string, number>(
-          proposal.txHashes.map((h, i) => [h.toString(), i] as [string, number]),
-        );
-        const allowedIndexSet = new Set(intersectIdx);
-        const indices = returnedHashes.map(h => hashToIndexInProposal.get(h));
-        const allAllowed = indices.every(idx => idx !== undefined && allowedIndexSet.has(idx));
-        const strictlyIncreasing = indices.every((idx, i) => (i === 0 ? idx !== undefined : idx! > indices[i - 1]!));
-        if (!allAllowed || !strictlyIncreasing) {
-          this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError);
-          throw new ValidationError('Returned txs do not match expected subset/order for requested indices');
-        }
-      } else {
-        // No local proposal, cannot check the membership/order of the returned txs
-        this.logger.warn(
-          `Block proposal not found for archive root ${request.archiveRoot.toString()}; cannot validate membership/order of returned txs`,
-        );
-        return false;
+      // For every index we requested that the peer claims to have (per its bitvector), the
+      // corresponding tx must be present in the response. A peer advertising availability but
+      // withholding the tx is inconsistent.
+      const returnedHashSet = new Set(returnedHashes);
+      const expectedIndices = request.txIndices.getTrueIndices().filter(i => response.txIndices.isSet(i));
+      const missingExpected = expectedIndices.some(i => !returnedHashSet.has(blockTxHashes[i].toString()));
+      if (missingExpected) {
+        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError);
+        throw new ValidationError('Peer advertised requested txs via indices but did not return them');
       }
 
-      await Promise.all(response.txs.map(tx => this.validateRequestedTx(tx, peerId, requestedTxValidator)));
       return true;
     } catch (e: any) {
       if (e instanceof ValidationError) {
@@ -1295,151 +1720,8 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Validate a collection of txs that has been requested from a peer.
-   *
-   * The core component of this validator is that each tx hash MUST match the requested tx hash,
-   * In order to perform this check, the tx proof must be verified.
-   *
-   * Note: This function is called from within `ReqResp.sendRequest` as part of the
-   * ReqRespSubProtocol.TX subprotocol validation.
-   *
-   * @param requestedTxHash - The collection of the txs that was requested.
-   * @param responseTx - The collection of txs that was received as a response to the request.
-   * @param peerId - The peer ID of the peer that sent the tx.
-   * @returns True if the whole collection of txs is valid, false otherwise.
-   */
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateRequestedTx', (requestedTxHash, _responseTx) => ({
-    [Attributes.TX_HASH]: requestedTxHash.toString(),
-  }))
-  private async validateRequestedTxs(requestedTxHash: TxHash[], responseTx: Tx[], peerId: PeerId): Promise<boolean> {
-    const requested = new Set(requestedTxHash.map(h => h.toString()));
-    const requestedTxValidator = this.createRequestedTxValidator();
-
-    //TODO: (mralj) - this is somewhat naive implementation, if single tx is invalid we consider the whole response invalid.
-    // I think we should still extract the valid txs and return them, so that we can still use the response.
-    try {
-      await Promise.all(responseTx.map(tx => this.validateRequestedTx(tx, peerId, requestedTxValidator, requested)));
-      return true;
-    } catch (e: any) {
-      if (e instanceof ValidationError) {
-        this.logger.warn(`Failed to validate requested txs from peer ${peerId.toString()}, reason ${e.message}`);
-      } else {
-        this.logger.error(`Error during validation of requested txs`, e);
-      }
-
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Validates a BLOCK response.
-   *
-   * If a local copy exists, enforces hash equality. If missing, rejects (no penalty) since the hash cannot be verified.
-   * Penalizes on block number mismatch or hash mismatch.
-   *
-   * @param requestedBlockNumber - The requested block number.
-   * @param responseBlock - The block returned by the peer.
-   * @param peerId - The peer that returned the block.
-   * @returns True if the response is valid, false otherwise.
-   */
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateRequestedBlock', (requestedBlockNumber, _responseBlock) => ({
-    [Attributes.BLOCK_NUMBER]: requestedBlockNumber.toString(),
-  }))
-  private async validateRequestedBlock(
-    requestedBlockNumber: Fr,
-    responseBlock: L2Block,
-    peerId: PeerId,
-  ): Promise<boolean> {
-    try {
-      const reqNum = Number(requestedBlockNumber.toString());
-      if (responseBlock.number !== reqNum) {
-        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError);
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      const local = await this.archiver.getBlock(BlockNumber(reqNum));
-      if (!local) {
-        // We are missing the local block; we cannot verify the hash yet. Reject without penalizing.
-        // TODO: Consider extending this validator to accept an expected hash or
-        // performing quorum-based checks when using P2P syncing prior to L1 sync.
-        this.logger.warn(`Local block ${reqNum} not found; rejecting BLOCK response without hash verification`);
-        return false;
-      }
-      const [localHash, respHash] = await Promise.all([local.hash(), responseBlock.hash()]);
-      if (!localHash.equals(respHash)) {
-        this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
-        return false;
-      }
-
-      return true;
-    } catch (e) {
-      this.logger.warn(`Error validating requested block`, e);
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  private async validateRequestedTx(tx: Tx, peerId: PeerId, txValidator: TxValidator, requested?: Set<`0x${string}`>) {
-    const penalize = (severity: PeerErrorSeverity) => this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, severity);
-    if (requested && !requested.has(tx.getTxHash().toString())) {
-      penalize(PeerErrorSeverity.MidToleranceError);
-      throw new ValidationError(`Received tx with hash ${tx.getTxHash().toString()} that was not requested.`);
-    }
-
-    const { result } = await txValidator.validateTx(tx);
-    if (result === 'invalid') {
-      penalize(PeerErrorSeverity.LowToleranceError);
-      throw new ValidationError(`Received tx with hash ${tx.getTxHash().toString()} that is invalid.`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  private createRequestedTxValidator(): TxValidator {
-    return createTxReqRespValidator(this.proofVerifier, {
-      l1ChainId: this.config.l1ChainId,
-      rollupVersion: this.config.rollupVersion,
-    });
-  }
-
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validatePropagatedTx', tx => ({
-    [Attributes.TX_HASH]: tx.getTxHash().toString(),
-  }))
-  private async validatePropagatedTx(tx: Tx, peerId: PeerId): Promise<boolean> {
-    const currentBlockNumber = await this.archiver.getBlockNumber();
-
-    // We accept transactions if they are not expired by the next slot (checked based on the IncludeByTimestamp field)
-    const { ts: nextSlotTimestamp } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
-    const messageValidators = await this.createMessageValidators(currentBlockNumber, nextSlotTimestamp);
-
-    for (const validator of messageValidators) {
-      const outcome = await this.runValidations(tx, validator);
-
-      if (outcome.allPassed) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      const { name } = outcome.failure;
-      let { severity } = outcome.failure;
-
-      // Double spend validator has a special case handler
-      if (name === 'doubleSpendValidator') {
-        const txBlockNumber = BlockNumber(currentBlockNumber + 1); // tx is expected to be in the next block
-        severity = await this.handleDoubleSpendFailure(tx, txBlockNumber);
-      }
-
-      this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, severity);
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  private async getGasFees(blockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<GasFees> {
-    if (blockNumber === this.feesCache?.blockNumber) {
-      return this.feesCache.gasFees;
-    }
-
-    const header = await this.archiver.getBlockHeader(blockNumber);
-    const gasFees = header?.globalVariables.gasFees ?? GasFees.empty();
-    this.feesCache = { blockNumber, gasFees };
-    return gasFees;
+  private getGasFees(): Promise<GasFees> {
+    return this.blockMinFeesProvider.getCurrentMinFees();
   }
 
   /**
@@ -1453,65 +1735,70 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
         l1ChainId: this.config.l1ChainId,
         rollupVersion: this.config.rollupVersion,
         proofVerifier: this.proofVerifier,
+        txValidationCache: this.txValidationCache,
       },
       peerScoring: this.peerManager,
+      validateRequestedBlockTxsConsistency: this.validateRequestedBlockTxsConsistency.bind(this),
     };
   }
 
-  public async validate(txs: Tx[]): Promise<void> {
-    const currentBlockNumber = await this.archiver.getBlockNumber();
-
-    // We accept transactions if they are not expired by the next slot (checked based on the IncludeByTimestamp field)
-    const { ts: nextSlotTimestamp } = this.epochCache.getEpochAndSlotInNextL1Slot();
-    const messageValidators = await this.createMessageValidators(currentBlockNumber, nextSlotTimestamp);
+  public async validateTxsReceivedInBlockProposal(txs: Tx[]): Promise<void> {
+    const validator = createTxValidatorForBlockProposalReceivedTxs(
+      this.proofVerifier,
+      { l1ChainId: this.config.l1ChainId, rollupVersion: this.config.rollupVersion },
+      this.logger.getBindings(),
+      this.txValidationCache,
+    );
 
-    await Promise.all(
+    const results = await Promise.all(
       txs.map(async tx => {
-        for (const validator of messageValidators) {
-          const outcome = await this.runValidations(tx, validator);
-          if (!outcome.allPassed) {
-            throw new Error('Invalid tx detected', { cause: { outcome } });
-          }
-        }
+        const result = await validator.validateTx(tx);
+        return result.result !== 'invalid';
       }),
     );
+    if (results.some(value => value === false)) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid tx detected');
+    }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Create message validators for the given block number and timestamp.
-   *
-   * Each validator is a pair of a validator and a severity.
-   * If a validator fails, the peer is penalized with the severity of the validator.
-   *
-   * @param currentBlockNumber - The current synced block number.
-   * @param nextSlotTimestamp - The timestamp of the next slot (used to validate txs are not expired).
-   * @returns The message validators.
-   */
-  private async createMessageValidators(
+  /** Creates the first stage (fast) validators for gossiped transactions. */
+  protected async createFirstStageMessageValidators(
     currentBlockNumber: BlockNumber,
     nextSlotTimestamp: UInt64,
-  ): Promise<Record<string, MessageValidator>[]> {
-    const gasFees = await this.getGasFees(currentBlockNumber);
-    const allowedInSetup = this.config.txPublicSetupAllowList ?? (await getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions());
-
-    const blockNumberInWhichTheTxIsConsideredToBeIncluded = BlockNumber(currentBlockNumber + 1);
-
-    return createTxMessageValidators(
+  ): Promise<Record<string, TransactionValidator>> {
+    const gasFees = await this.getGasFees();
+    const allowedInSetup = [
+      ...(await getDefaultAllowedSetupFunctions()),
+      ...(this.config.txPublicSetupAllowListExtend ?? []),
+    ];
+    const blockNumber = BlockNumber(currentBlockNumber + 1);
+    const l1Constants = await this.archiver.getL1Constants();
+    const networkTxGasLimits = getNetworkTxGasLimits(this.config, l1Constants);
+
+    return createFirstStageTxValidationsForGossipedTransactions(
       nextSlotTimestamp,
-      blockNumberInWhichTheTxIsConsideredToBeIncluded,
+      blockNumber,
       this.worldStateSynchronizer,
       gasFees,
       this.config.l1ChainId,
       this.config.rollupVersion,
       protocolContractsHash,
       this.archiver,
-      this.proofVerifier,
       !this.config.disableTransactions,
       allowedInSetup,
       this.logger.getBindings(),
+      {
+        maxTxL2Gas: networkTxGasLimits.l2Gas,
+        maxTxDAGas: networkTxGasLimits.daGas,
+      },
     );
   }
 
+  /** Creates the second stage (expensive proof verification) validators for gossiped transactions. */
+  protected createSecondStageMessageValidators(): Record<string, TransactionValidator> {
+    return createSecondStageTxValidationsForGossipedTransactions(this.proofVerifier, this.logger.getBindings());
+  }
+
   /**
    * Run validations on a tx.
    * @param tx - The tx to validate.
@@ -1520,7 +1807,7 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
    */
   private async runValidations(
     tx: Tx,
-    messageValidators: Record<string, MessageValidator>,
+    messageValidators: Record<string, TransactionValidator>,
   ): Promise<ValidationOutcome> {
     const validationPromises = Object.entries(messageValidators).map(async ([name, { validator, severity }]) => {
       const { result } = await validator.validateTx(tx);
@@ -1529,8 +1816,10 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
 
     // A promise that resolves when all validations have been run
     const allValidations = await Promise.all(validationPromises);
-    const failed = allValidations.find(x => !x.isValid);
-    if (failed) {
+    const failures = allValidations.filter(x => !x.isValid);
+    if (failures.length > 0) {
+      // Pick the most severe failure (lowest tolerance = harshest penalty)
+      const failed = maxBy(failures, f => PeerErrorSeverityByHarshness.indexOf(f.severity))!;
       return {
         allPassed: false,
         failure: {
@@ -1583,74 +1872,6 @@ export class LibP2PService<T extends P2PClientType = P2PClientType.Full> extends
     return PeerErrorSeverity.HighToleranceError;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Validate a checkpoint attestation.
-   *
-   * @param attestation - The checkpoint attestation to validate.
-   * @returns True if the checkpoint attestation is valid, false otherwise.
-   */
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateCheckpointAttestation', async (_, attestation) => ({
-    [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: attestation.payload.header.slotNumber,
-    [Attributes.BLOCK_ARCHIVE]: attestation.archive.toString(),
-    [Attributes.P2P_ID]: await attestation.p2pMessageLoggingIdentifier().then(i => i.toString()),
-  }))
-  public async validateCheckpointAttestation(
-    peerId: PeerId,
-    attestation: CheckpointAttestation,
-  ): Promise<P2PValidationResult> {
-    const result = await this.checkpointAttestationValidator.validate(attestation);
-
-    if (result.result === 'reject') {
-      this.logger.debug(`Penalizing peer ${peerId} for checkpoint attestation validation failure`);
-      this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, result.severity);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Validate a block proposal.
-   *
-   * @param block - The block proposal to validate.
-   * @returns True if the block proposal is valid, false otherwise.
-   */
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateBlockProposal', (_peerId, block) => ({
-    [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: block.slotNumber.toString(),
-  }))
-  public async validateBlockProposal(peerId: PeerId, block: BlockProposal): Promise<P2PValidationResult> {
-    const result = await this.blockProposalValidator.validate(block);
-
-    if (result.result === 'reject') {
-      this.logger.debug(`Penalizing peer ${peerId} for block proposal validation failure`);
-      this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, result.severity);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Validate a checkpoint proposal.
-   *
-   * @param checkpoint - The checkpoint proposal to validate.
-   * @returns True if the checkpoint proposal is valid, false otherwise.
-   */
-  @trackSpan('Libp2pService.validateCheckpointProposal', (_peerId, checkpoint) => ({
-    [Attributes.SLOT_NUMBER]: checkpoint.slotNumber.toString(),
-  }))
-  public async validateCheckpointProposal(
-    peerId: PeerId,
-    checkpoint: CheckpointProposal,
-  ): Promise<P2PValidationResult> {
-    const result = await this.checkpointProposalValidator.validate(checkpoint);
-
-    if (result.result === 'reject') {
-      this.logger.debug(`Penalizing peer ${peerId} for checkpoint proposal validation failure`);
-      this.peerManager.penalizePeer(peerId, result.severity);
-    }
-
-    return result;
-  }
-
   public getPeerScore(peerId: PeerId): number {
     return this.node.services.pubsub.score.score(peerId.toString());
   }