@aztec/p2p 0.0.1-commit.6d63667d → 0.0.1-commit.7b97ef96e

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/eviction/interfaces.ts

@@ -67,6 +67,42 @@ export interface PreAddPoolAccess {
   getLowestPriorityPendingTx(): TxMetaData | undefined;
 }
 
+/** A single eviction tagged with the rule that caused it. */
+export interface TaggedEviction {
+  readonly txHash: string;
+  readonly reason: string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Machine-readable rejection codes for pre-add rule rejections.
+ */
+export const TxPoolRejectionCode = {
+  LOW_PRIORITY_FEE: 'LOW_PRIORITY_FEE',
+  INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PAYER_BALANCE: 'INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PAYER_BALANCE',
+  NULLIFIER_CONFLICT: 'NULLIFIER_CONFLICT',
+  INTERNAL_ERROR: 'INTERNAL_ERROR',
+} as const;
+
+export type TxPoolRejectionCode = (typeof TxPoolRejectionCode)[keyof typeof TxPoolRejectionCode];
+
+/** Structured rejection reason returned by pre-add rules. */
+export type TxPoolRejectionError =
+  | {
+      code: typeof TxPoolRejectionCode.LOW_PRIORITY_FEE;
+      message: string;
+      minimumPriorityFee: bigint;
+      txPriorityFee: bigint;
+    }
+  | {
+      code: typeof TxPoolRejectionCode.INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PAYER_BALANCE;
+      message: string;
+      currentBalance: bigint;
+      availableBalance: bigint;
+      feeLimit: bigint;
+    }
+  | { code: typeof TxPoolRejectionCode.NULLIFIER_CONFLICT; message: string; conflictingTxHash: string }
+  | { code: typeof TxPoolRejectionCode.INTERNAL_ERROR; message: string };
+
 /**
  * Result of a pre-add check for a single transaction.
  */
@@ -75,8 +111,16 @@ export interface PreAddResult {
   readonly shouldIgnore: boolean;
   /** Tx hashes (as strings) that should be evicted if this tx is added */
   readonly txHashesToEvict: string[];
+  /** Evictions tagged with the rule name that produced them. Populated by EvictionManager. */
+  readonly evictions?: TaggedEviction[];
   /** Optional reason for ignoring */
-  readonly reason?: string;
+  readonly reason?: TxPoolRejectionError;
+}
+
+/** Context passed to pre-add rules from addPendingTxs. */
+export interface PreAddContext {
+  /** If true, compare priority fee only (no tx hash tiebreaker). Used for RPC submissions. */
+  feeComparisonOnly?: boolean;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -90,9 +134,10 @@ export interface PreAddRule {
    * Check if incoming tx should be added and which existing txs to evict.
    * @param incomingMeta - Metadata for the incoming transaction
    * @param poolAccess - Read-only access to current pool state
+   * @param context - Optional context from addPendingTxs caller
    * @returns Result indicating whether to ignore and what to evict
    */
-  check(incomingMeta: TxMetaData, poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess): Promise<PreAddResult>;
+  check(incomingMeta: TxMetaData, poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess, context?: PreAddContext): Promise<PreAddResult>;
 
   /**
    * Updates the configuration for this rule.
@@ -120,8 +165,8 @@ export interface PoolOperations {
   /** Get the N lowest priority pending tx hashes */
   getLowestPriorityPending(limit: number): string[];
 
-  /** Delete transactions by hash */
-  deleteTxs(txHashes: string[]): Promise<void>;
+  /** Delete transactions by hash, with an optional reason for metrics */
+  deleteTxs(txHashes: string[], reason?: string): Promise<void>;
 }
 
 /**

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/eviction/invalid_txs_after_mining_rule.ts

@@ -35,15 +35,14 @@ export class InvalidTxsAfterMiningRule implements EvictionRule {
       for (const meta of pendingTxs) {
         // Evict pending txs that share nullifiers with mined txs
         if (meta.nullifiers.some(nullifier => minedNullifiers.has(nullifier))) {
-          this.log.verbose(`Evicting tx ${meta.txHash} from pool due to a duplicate nullifier with a mined tx`);
           txsToEvict.push(meta.txHash);
           continue;
         }
 
         // Evict pending txs with an expiration timestamp less than or equal to the mined block timestamp
-        if (meta.includeByTimestamp <= timestamp) {
+        if (meta.expirationTimestamp <= timestamp) {
           this.log.verbose(
-            `Evicting tx ${meta.txHash} from pool due to the tx being expired (includeByTimestamp: ${meta.includeByTimestamp}, mined block timestamp: ${timestamp})`,
+            `Evicting tx ${meta.txHash} from pool due to the tx being expired (expirationTimestamp: ${meta.expirationTimestamp}, mined block timestamp: ${timestamp})`,
           );
           txsToEvict.push(meta.txHash);
           continue;
@@ -51,10 +50,11 @@ export class InvalidTxsAfterMiningRule implements EvictionRule {
       }
 
       if (txsToEvict.length > 0) {
-        await pool.deleteTxs(txsToEvict);
+        this.log.info(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} invalid txs after block mined`);
+        await pool.deleteTxs(txsToEvict, this.name);
       }
 
-      this.log.debug(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} invalid txs after block mined`);
+      this.log.debug(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} invalid txs after block mined`, { txHashes: txsToEvict });
 
       return {
         reason: 'block_mined_invalid_txs',

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/eviction/invalid_txs_after_reorg_rule.ts

@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ export class InvalidTxsAfterReorgRule implements EvictionRule {
       }
 
       if (txsToEvict.length > 0) {
-        this.log.verbose(`Evicting ${txsToEvict.length} txs from pool due to referencing pruned blocks`);
-        await pool.deleteTxs(txsToEvict);
+        this.log.info(`Evicting ${txsToEvict.length} txs from pool due to referencing pruned blocks`);
+        await pool.deleteTxs(txsToEvict, this.name);
       }
 
       const keptCount = pendingTxs.length - txsToEvict.length;
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export class InvalidTxsAfterReorgRule implements EvictionRule {
         this.log.verbose(`Kept ${keptCount} txs that did not reference pruned blocks`);
       }
 
-      this.log.debug(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} invalid txs after reorg`);
+      this.log.debug(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} invalid txs after reorg`, { txHashes: txsToEvict });
 
       return {
         reason: 'reorg_invalid_txs',

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/eviction/low_priority_eviction_rule.ts

@@ -48,19 +48,20 @@ export class LowPriorityEvictionRule implements EvictionRule {
         };
       }
 
-      this.log.verbose(
-        `Evicting low priority txs. Pending tx count above limit: ${currentTxCount} > ${this.maxPoolSize}`,
-      );
+      this.log.info(`Evicting low priority txs. Pending tx count above limit: ${currentTxCount} > ${this.maxPoolSize}`);
       const numberToEvict = currentTxCount - this.maxPoolSize;
       const txsToEvict = pool.getLowestPriorityPending(numberToEvict);
+      const toEvictSet = new Set(txsToEvict);
+      const numNewTxsEvicted = context.newTxHashes.filter(newTxHash => toEvictSet.has(newTxHash)).length;
 
       if (txsToEvict.length > 0) {
-        await pool.deleteTxs(txsToEvict);
+        this.log.info(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} low priority txs, including ${numNewTxsEvicted} newly added txs`);
+        await pool.deleteTxs(txsToEvict, this.name);
       }
 
-      const numNewTxsEvicted = context.newTxHashes.filter(newTxHash => txsToEvict.includes(newTxHash)).length;
-
-      this.log.verbose(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} low priority txs, including ${numNewTxsEvicted} newly added txs`);
+      this.log.debug(`Evicted ${txsToEvict.length} low priority txs, including ${numNewTxsEvicted} newly added txs`, {
+        txHashes: txsToEvict,
+      });
 
       return {
         reason: 'low_priority',

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/eviction/low_priority_pre_add_rule.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
-import type { TxMetaData } from '../tx_metadata.js';
-import type { EvictionConfig, PreAddPoolAccess, PreAddResult, PreAddRule } from './interfaces.js';
+import { type TxMetaData, comparePriority } from '../tx_metadata.js';
+import {
+  type EvictionConfig,
+  type PreAddContext,
+  type PreAddPoolAccess,
+  type PreAddResult,
+  type PreAddRule,
+  TxPoolRejectionCode,
+} from './interfaces.js';
 
 /**
  * Pre-add rule that checks if the pool is at capacity and handles low-priority eviction.
@@ -20,7 +27,7 @@ export class LowPriorityPreAddRule implements PreAddRule {
     this.maxPoolSize = config.maxPoolSize;
   }
 
-  check(incomingMeta: TxMetaData, poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess): Promise<PreAddResult> {
+  check(incomingMeta: TxMetaData, poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess, context?: PreAddContext): Promise<PreAddResult> {
     // Skip if max pool size is disabled (0 = unlimited)
     if (this.maxPoolSize === 0) {
       return Promise.resolve({ shouldIgnore: false, txHashesToEvict: [] });
@@ -40,8 +47,14 @@ export class LowPriorityPreAddRule implements PreAddRule {
       return Promise.resolve({ shouldIgnore: false, txHashesToEvict: [] });
     }
 
-    // If incoming tx has strictly higher priority, evict the lowest priority tx
-    if (incomingMeta.priorityFee > lowestPriorityMeta.priorityFee) {
+    // Compare incoming tx against lowest priority tx.
+    // feeOnly mode (RPC): use strict fee comparison only — avoids churn from hash ordering
+    // Default (gossip): use full comparePriority (fee + tx hash tiebreaker) for determinism
+    const isHigherPriority = context?.feeComparisonOnly
+      ? incomingMeta.priorityFee > lowestPriorityMeta.priorityFee
+      : comparePriority(incomingMeta, lowestPriorityMeta) > 0;
+
+    if (isHigherPriority) {
       this.log.debug(
         `Pool at capacity (${currentCount}/${this.maxPoolSize}), evicting ${lowestPriorityMeta.txHash} ` +
           `(priority ${lowestPriorityMeta.priorityFee}) for ${incomingMeta.txHash} (priority ${incomingMeta.priorityFee})`,
@@ -60,7 +73,12 @@ export class LowPriorityPreAddRule implements PreAddRule {
     return Promise.resolve({
       shouldIgnore: true,
       txHashesToEvict: [],
-      reason: `pool at capacity and tx has lower priority than existing transactions`,
+      reason: {
+        code: TxPoolRejectionCode.LOW_PRIORITY_FEE,
+        message: `Tx does not meet minimum priority fee. Required: ${lowestPriorityMeta.priorityFee + 1n}, got: ${incomingMeta.priorityFee}`,
+        minimumPriorityFee: lowestPriorityMeta.priorityFee + 1n,
+        txPriorityFee: incomingMeta.priorityFee,
+      },
     });
   }
 

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/eviction/nullifier_conflict_rule.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
 import { type TxMetaData, checkNullifierConflict } from '../tx_metadata.js';
-import type { PreAddPoolAccess, PreAddResult, PreAddRule } from './interfaces.js';
+import type { PreAddContext, PreAddPoolAccess, PreAddResult, PreAddRule } from './interfaces.js';
 
 /**
  * Pre-add rule that checks for nullifier conflicts between incoming and existing transactions.
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ export class NullifierConflictRule implements PreAddRule {
 
   private log = createLogger('p2p:tx_pool_v2:nullifier_conflict_rule');
 
-  check(incomingMeta: TxMetaData, poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess): Promise<PreAddResult> {
+  check(incomingMeta: TxMetaData, poolAccess: PreAddPoolAccess, _context?: PreAddContext): Promise<PreAddResult> {
     const result = checkNullifierConflict(
       incomingMeta,
       nullifier => poolAccess.getTxHashByNullifier(nullifier),
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export class NullifierConflictRule implements PreAddRule {
     );
 
     if (result.shouldIgnore) {
-      this.log.debug(`Ignoring tx ${incomingMeta.txHash}: ${result.reason}`);
+      this.log.debug(`Ignoring tx ${incomingMeta.txHash}: ${result.reason?.message}`);
     }
 
     return Promise.resolve(result);

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/index.ts

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ export {
 } from './interfaces.js';
 export { type TxMetaData, type TxState, buildTxMetaData, comparePriority } from './tx_metadata.js';
 export { TxArchive } from './archive/index.js';
+export { DeletedPool } from './deleted_pool.js';

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/instrumentation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import {
+  Attributes,
+  type Meter,
+  Metrics,
+  type ObservableGauge,
+  type ObservableResult,
+  type TelemetryClient,
+  type UpDownCounter,
+  createUpDownCounterWithDefault,
+} from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
+
+/** Callback that returns the current estimated metadata memory in bytes. */
+export type MetadataMemoryCallback = () => number;
+
+/** Instrumentation for TxPoolV2Impl internal operations. */
+export class TxPoolV2Instrumentation {
+  #evictedCounter: UpDownCounter;
+  #ignoredCounter: UpDownCounter;
+  #rejectedCounter: UpDownCounter;
+  #softDeletedHitsCounter: UpDownCounter;
+  #missingOnProtectCounter: UpDownCounter;
+  #missingPreviouslyEvictedCounter: UpDownCounter;
+  #metadataMemoryGauge: ObservableGauge;
+
+  constructor(telemetry: TelemetryClient, metadataMemoryCallback: MetadataMemoryCallback) {
+    const meter: Meter = telemetry.getMeter('TxPoolV2Impl');
+
+    this.#evictedCounter = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(meter, Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_EVICTED_COUNT);
+    this.#ignoredCounter = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(meter, Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_IGNORED_COUNT);
+    this.#rejectedCounter = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(meter, Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_REJECTED_COUNT);
+    this.#softDeletedHitsCounter = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(meter, Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_SOFT_DELETED_HITS);
+    this.#missingOnProtectCounter = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(
+      meter,
+      Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_MISSING_ON_PROTECT,
+    );
+    this.#missingPreviouslyEvictedCounter = createUpDownCounterWithDefault(
+      meter,
+      Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_MISSING_PREVIOUSLY_EVICTED,
+    );
+    this.#metadataMemoryGauge = meter.createObservableGauge(Metrics.MEMPOOL_TX_POOL_V2_METADATA_MEMORY);
+    this.#metadataMemoryGauge.addCallback((result: ObservableResult) => {
+      result.observe(metadataMemoryCallback());
+    });
+  }
+
+  recordEvictions(count: number, reason: string) {
+    this.#evictedCounter.add(count, { [Attributes.TX_POOL_EVICTION_REASON]: reason });
+  }
+
+  recordIgnored(count: number) {
+    this.#ignoredCounter.add(count);
+  }
+
+  recordRejected(count: number) {
+    this.#rejectedCounter.add(count);
+  }
+
+  recordSoftDeletedHits(count: number) {
+    this.#softDeletedHitsCounter.add(count);
+  }
+
+  recordMissingOnProtect(count: number) {
+    this.#missingOnProtectCounter.add(count);
+  }
+
+  recordMissingPreviouslyEvicted(count: number) {
+    this.#missingPreviouslyEvictedCounter.add(count);
+  }
+}

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/interfaces.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type { L2Block, L2BlockId, L2BlockSource } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import type { WorldStateSynchronizer } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';
 import type { BlockHeader, Tx, TxHash, TxValidator } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 
+import type { TxPoolRejectionError } from './eviction/interfaces.js';
 import type { TxMetaData, TxState } from './tx_metadata.js';
 
 /**
@@ -17,6 +18,8 @@ export type AddTxsResult = {
   ignored: TxHash[];
   /** Transactions rejected because they failed validation (e.g., invalid proof, expired timestamp) */
   rejected: TxHash[];
+  /** Optional rejection errors, only present when there are rejections with structured errors. */
+  errors?: Map<string, TxPoolRejectionError>;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -37,6 +40,10 @@ export type TxPoolV2Config = {
   maxPendingTxCount: number;
   /** Maximum number of archived transactions to retain (0 = disabled) */
   archivedTxLimit: number;
+  /** Minimum age (ms) a transaction must have been in the pool before it's eligible for block building */
+  minTxPoolAgeMs: number;
+  /** Maximum number of evicted tx hashes to remember for metrics tracking */
+  evictedTxCacheSize: number;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -45,6 +52,8 @@ export type TxPoolV2Config = {
 export const DEFAULT_TX_POOL_V2_CONFIG: TxPoolV2Config = {
   maxPendingTxCount: 0, // 0 = disabled
   archivedTxLimit: 0, // 0 = disabled
+  minTxPoolAgeMs: 2_000,
+  evictedTxCacheSize: 10_000,
 };
 
 /**
@@ -55,8 +64,8 @@ export type TxPoolV2Dependencies = {
   l2BlockSource: L2BlockSource;
   /** World state synchronizer for validating transactions after chain prunes */
   worldStateSynchronizer: WorldStateSynchronizer;
-  /** Validator for transactions entering the pending pool */
-  pendingTxValidator: TxValidator<Tx>;
+  /** Factory that creates a validator for re-validating pool transactions using metadata */
+  createTxValidator: () => Promise<TxValidator<TxMetaData>>;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -95,7 +104,7 @@ export interface TxPoolV2 extends TypedEventEmitter<TxPoolV2Events> {
    * @param opts - Optional metadata (e.g., source for logging)
    * @returns Result categorizing each transaction as accepted, rejected, or ignored
    */
-  addPendingTxs(txs: Tx[], opts?: { source?: string }): Promise<AddTxsResult>;
+  addPendingTxs(txs: Tx[], opts?: { source?: string; feeComparisonOnly?: boolean }): Promise<AddTxsResult>;
 
   /**
    * Checks if a transaction can be added without modifying the pool.
@@ -156,7 +165,7 @@ export interface TxPoolV2 extends TypedEventEmitter<TxPoolV2Events> {
    * and validates them before returning to pending.
    * @param latestBlock - The latest valid block ID after the prune
    */
-  handlePrunedBlocks(latestBlock: L2BlockId): Promise<void>;
+  handlePrunedBlocks(latestBlock: L2BlockId, options?: { deleteAllTxs?: boolean }): Promise<void>;
 
   /**
    * Handles failed transaction execution.
@@ -187,6 +196,9 @@ export interface TxPoolV2 extends TypedEventEmitter<TxPoolV2Events> {
   /** Gets pending transaction hashes sorted by priority (highest first) */
   getPendingTxHashes(): Promise<TxHash[]>;
 
+  /** Gets pending transaction hashes that have been in the pool long enough per minTxPoolAgeMs, sorted by priority (highest first) */
+  getEligiblePendingTxHashes(): Promise<TxHash[]>;
+
   /** Gets the count of pending transactions */
   getPendingTxCount(): Promise<number>;
 

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/tx_metadata.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,26 @@
+import { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import { ProtocolContractAddress } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
-import type { L2BlockId } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { BlockHash, type L2BlockId } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import type { Tx } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 
 import { getFeePayerBalanceDelta } from '../../msg_validators/tx_validator/fee_payer_balance.js';
 import { getTxPriorityFee } from '../tx_pool/priority.js';
-import type { PreAddResult } from './eviction/interfaces.js';
+import { type PreAddResult, TxPoolRejectionCode } from './eviction/interfaces.js';
+
+/** Validator-compatible data interface, mirroring the subset of PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs used by validators. */
+export type TxMetaValidationData = {
+  getNonEmptyNullifiers(): Fr[];
+  expirationTimestamp: bigint;
+  constants: {
+    anchorBlockHeader: {
+      hash(): Promise<BlockHash>;
+      globalVariables: {
+        blockNumber: BlockNumber;
+      };
+    };
+  };
+};
 
 /**
  * Lightweight in-memory representation of a transaction.
@@ -41,26 +56,41 @@ export type TxMetaData = {
   readonly nullifiers: readonly string[];
 
   /** Timestamp by which the transaction must be included (for expiration checks) */
-  readonly includeByTimestamp: bigint;
+  readonly expirationTimestamp: bigint;
+
+  /** Validator-compatible data, providing the same access patterns as Tx.data */
+  readonly data: TxMetaValidationData;
+
+  /** Timestamp (ms) when the tx was received into the pool. 0 for hydrated txs (always eligible). */
+  receivedAt: number;
+
+  /** Estimated memory footprint of this metadata object in bytes */
+  readonly estimatedSizeBytes: number;
 };
 
 /** Transaction state derived from TxMetaData fields and pool protection status */
-export type TxState = 'pending' | 'protected' | 'mined';
+export type TxState = 'pending' | 'protected' | 'mined' | 'deleted';
 
 /**
  * Builds TxMetaData from a full Tx object.
  * Extracts all relevant fields for efficient in-memory storage and querying.
+ * Fr values are captured in closures for zero-cost re-validation.
  */
 export async function buildTxMetaData(tx: Tx): Promise<TxMetaData> {
   const txHash = tx.getTxHash().toString();
-  const anchorBlockHeaderHash = (await tx.data.constants.anchorBlockHeader.hash()).toString();
+  const nullifierFrs = tx.data.getNonEmptyNullifiers();
+  const nullifiers = nullifierFrs.map(n => n.toString());
+  const anchorBlockHeaderHashFr = await tx.data.constants.anchorBlockHeader.hash();
+  const anchorBlockHeaderHash = anchorBlockHeaderHashFr.toString();
+  const expirationTimestamp = tx.data.expirationTimestamp;
+  const anchorBlockNumber = tx.data.constants.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.blockNumber;
   const priorityFee = getTxPriorityFee(tx);
   const feePayer = tx.data.feePayer.toString();
-  const nullifiers = tx.data.getNonEmptyNullifiers().map(n => n.toString());
-  const includeByTimestamp = tx.data.includeByTimestamp;
 
   const { feeLimit, claimAmount } = await getFeePayerBalanceDelta(tx, ProtocolContractAddress.FeeJuice);
 
+  const estimatedSizeBytes = estimateTxMetaDataSize(nullifiers.length);
+
   return {
     txHash,
     anchorBlockHeaderHash,
@@ -69,10 +99,43 @@ export async function buildTxMetaData(tx: Tx): Promise<TxMetaData> {
     claimAmount,
     feeLimit,
     nullifiers,
-    includeByTimestamp,
+    expirationTimestamp,
+    receivedAt: 0,
+    estimatedSizeBytes,
+    data: {
+      getNonEmptyNullifiers: () => nullifierFrs,
+      expirationTimestamp,
+      constants: {
+        anchorBlockHeader: {
+          hash: () => Promise.resolve(anchorBlockHeaderHashFr),
+          globalVariables: { blockNumber: anchorBlockNumber },
+        },
+      },
+    },
   };
 }
 
+// V8 JS object overhead (~64 bytes for a plain object with hidden class).
+// String overhead: ~32 bytes header + 1 byte per ASCII char (V8 one-byte strings).
+// Hex string (0x + 64 hex chars = 66 chars): ~98 bytes per string.
+// bigint: ~32 bytes. number: 8 bytes. Fr: ~80 bytes (32 data + object overhead).
+const OBJECT_OVERHEAD = 64;
+const HEX_STRING_BYTES = 98;
+const BIGINT_BYTES = 32;
+const FR_BYTES = 80;
+// Fixed cost: object shell + txHash + anchorBlockHeaderHash + feePayer (3 hex strings)
+// + priorityFee + claimAmount + feeLimit + includeByTimestamp (4 bigints)
+// + receivedAt (number, 8 bytes) + estimatedSizeBytes (number, 8 bytes)
+// + data closure object (~OBJECT_OVERHEAD + anchorBlockHeaderHashFr Fr + anchorBlockNumber number)
+const FIXED_METADATA_BYTES =
+  OBJECT_OVERHEAD + 3 * HEX_STRING_BYTES + 4 * BIGINT_BYTES + 8 + 8 + OBJECT_OVERHEAD + FR_BYTES + 8;
+
+/** Estimates the in-memory size of a TxMetaData object based on the number of nullifiers. */
+function estimateTxMetaDataSize(nullifierCount: number): number {
+  // Per nullifier: one hex string in nullifiers[] + one Fr in the captured nullifierFrs[]
+  return FIXED_METADATA_BYTES + nullifierCount * (HEX_STRING_BYTES + FR_BYTES);
+}
+
 /** Minimal fields required for priority comparison. */
 type PriorityComparable = Pick<TxMetaData, 'txHash' | 'priorityFee'>;
 
@@ -152,10 +215,28 @@ export function checkNullifierConflict(
       return {
         shouldIgnore: true,
         txHashesToEvict: [],
-        reason: `nullifier conflict with ${conflictingHashStr}`,
+        reason: {
+          code: TxPoolRejectionCode.NULLIFIER_CONFLICT,
+          message: `Nullifier conflict with existing tx ${conflictingHashStr}`,
+          conflictingTxHash: conflictingHashStr,
+        },
       };
     }
   }
 
   return { shouldIgnore: false, txHashesToEvict };
 }
+
+/** Creates a stub TxMetaValidationData for tests that don't exercise validators. */
+export function stubTxMetaValidationData(overrides: { expirationTimestamp?: bigint } = {}): TxMetaValidationData {
+  return {
+    getNonEmptyNullifiers: () => [],
+    expirationTimestamp: overrides.expirationTimestamp ?? 0n,
+    constants: {
+      anchorBlockHeader: {
+        hash: () => Promise.resolve(new BlockHash(Fr.ZERO)),
+        globalVariables: { blockNumber: BlockNumber(0) },
+      },
+    },
+  };
+}

package/src/mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/tx_pool_indices.ts

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ export class TxPoolIndices {
    * Iterates pending transaction hashes in priority order.
    * @param order - 'desc' for highest priority first, 'asc' for lowest priority first
    */
-  *iteratePendingByPriority(order: 'asc' | 'desc'): Generator<string> {
+  *iteratePendingByPriority(order: 'asc' | 'desc', filter?: (hash: string) => boolean): Generator<string> {
     // Use compareFee from tx_metadata, swap args for descending order
     const feeCompareFn = order === 'desc' ? (a: bigint, b: bigint) => compareFee(b, a) : compareFee;
     const hashCompareFn = order === 'desc' ? (a: string, b: string) => compareTxHash(b, a) : compareTxHash;
@@ -84,11 +84,27 @@ export class TxPoolIndices {
       // Use compareTxHash from tx_metadata, swap args for descending order
       const sortedHashes = [...hashesAtFee].sort(hashCompareFn);
       for (const hash of sortedHashes) {
-        yield hash;
+        if (filter === undefined || filter(hash)) {
+          yield hash;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Iterates pending transaction hashes in priority order, skipping txs received after maxReceivedAt.
+   * @param order - 'desc' for highest priority first, 'asc' for lowest priority first
+   * @param maxReceivedAt - Only yield txs with receivedAt <= this value
+   */
+  *iterateEligiblePendingByPriority(order: 'asc' | 'desc', maxReceivedAt: number): Generator<string> {
+    const filter = (hash: string) => {
+      const meta = this.#metadata.get(hash);
+      return meta !== undefined && meta.receivedAt <= maxReceivedAt;
+    };
+
+    yield* this.iteratePendingByPriority(order, filter);
+  }
+
   /** Iterates all metadata entries */
   *iterateMetadata(): Generator<[string, TxMetaData]> {
     yield* this.#metadata;
@@ -332,13 +348,15 @@ export class TxPoolIndices {
   // METRICS
   // ============================================================================
 
-  /** Counts transactions by state */
-  countTxs(): { pending: number; protected: number; mined: number } {
+  /** Counts transactions by state and estimates total metadata memory usage */
+  countTxs(): { pending: number; protected: number; mined: number; totalMetadataBytes: number } {
     let pending = 0;
     let protected_ = 0;
     let mined = 0;
+    let totalMetadataBytes = 0;
 
     for (const meta of this.#metadata.values()) {
+      totalMetadataBytes += meta.estimatedSizeBytes;
       const state = this.getTxState(meta);
       if (state === 'pending') {
         pending++;
@@ -349,7 +367,16 @@ export class TxPoolIndices {
       }
     }
 
-    return { pending, protected: protected_, mined };
+    return { pending, protected: protected_, mined, totalMetadataBytes };
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the estimated total memory consumed by all metadata objects */
+  getTotalMetadataBytes(): number {
+    let total = 0;
+    for (const meta of this.#metadata.values()) {
+      total += meta.estimatedSizeBytes;
+    }
+    return total;
   }
 
   /** Gets all mined transactions with their block IDs */