@aztec/p2p 0.0.1-commit.3fd054f6 → 0.0.1-commit.431c48d

package/src/msg_validators/tx_validator/factory.ts

@@ -53,10 +53,11 @@ import type { TxMetaData } from '../../mem_pools/tx_pool_v2/tx_metadata.js';
 import { AggregateTxValidator } from './aggregate_tx_validator.js';
 import { ArchiveCache } from './archive_cache.js';
 import { type ArchiveSource, BlockHeaderTxValidator } from './block_header_validator.js';
+import { CachedTxValidator } from './cached_tx_validator.js';
 import { ContractInstanceTxValidator } from './contract_instance_validator.js';
 import { DataTxValidator } from './data_validator.js';
 import { DoubleSpendTxValidator, type NullifierSource } from './double_spend_validator.js';
-import { GasLimitsValidator, GasTxValidator } from './gas_validator.js';
+import { GasLimitsValidator, GasTxValidator, MaxFeePerGasValidator } from './gas_validator.js';
 import { MetadataTxValidator } from './metadata_validator.js';
 import { NullifierCache } from './nullifier_cache.js';
 import { AllowedSetupCallsMetaValidator, PhasesTxValidator } from './phases_validator.js';
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ import { SizeTxValidator } from './size_validator.js';
 import { TimestampTxValidator } from './timestamp_validator.js';
 import { TxPermittedValidator } from './tx_permitted_validator.js';
 import { TxProofValidator } from './tx_proof_validator.js';
+import { TxValidationCache } from './tx_validation_cache.js';
 
 /**
  * A validator paired with a peer penalty severity.
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ export function createFirstStageTxValidationsForGossipedTransactions(
   txsPermitted: boolean,
   allowedInSetup: AllowedElement[] = [],
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
-  gasLimitOpts?: { rollupManaLimit?: number; maxBlockL2Gas?: number; maxBlockDAGas?: number },
+  gasLimitOpts?: { maxTxL2Gas?: number; maxTxDAGas?: number },
 ): Record<string, TransactionValidator> {
   const merkleTree = worldStateSynchronizer.getCommitted();
 
@@ -210,8 +212,9 @@ function createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(
     rollupVersion: number;
   },
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
+  cache?: TxValidationCache,
 ): TxValidator {
-  return new AggregateTxValidator(
+  const aggregate = new AggregateTxValidator(
     new MetadataTxValidator(
       {
         l1ChainId: new Fr(l1ChainId),
@@ -222,10 +225,14 @@ function createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(
       bindings,
     ),
     new SizeTxValidator(bindings),
-    new DataTxValidator(bindings),
+    CachedTxValidator.new(new DataTxValidator(bindings), cache),
     new ContractInstanceTxValidator(bindings),
-    new TxProofValidator(verifier, bindings),
+    CachedTxValidator.new(new TxProofValidator(verifier, bindings), cache),
   );
+
+  // This validator is not state-dependent so we can cache it.
+  const identifier = Symbol('TxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks');
+  return CachedTxValidator.newWithIdentifier(aggregate, identifier, cache);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -234,7 +241,7 @@ function createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(
  * are invalid against current state. State-dependent checks happen when the tx
  * enters the pending pool or during block building.
  */
-export function createTxValidatorForReqResponseReceivedTxs(
+export function createTxValidatorForOnDemandReceivedTxs(
   verifier: ClientProtocolCircuitVerifier,
   {
     l1ChainId,
@@ -244,8 +251,9 @@ export function createTxValidatorForReqResponseReceivedTxs(
     rollupVersion: number;
   },
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
+  cache?: TxValidationCache,
 ): TxValidator {
-  return createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(verifier, { l1ChainId, rollupVersion }, bindings);
+  return createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(verifier, { l1ChainId, rollupVersion }, bindings, cache);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -263,8 +271,9 @@ export function createTxValidatorForBlockProposalReceivedTxs(
     rollupVersion: number;
   },
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
+  cache?: TxValidationCache,
 ): TxValidator {
-  return createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(verifier, { l1ChainId, rollupVersion }, bindings);
+  return createTxValidatorForMinimumTxIntegrityChecks(verifier, { l1ChainId, rollupVersion }, bindings, cache);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -283,24 +292,24 @@ export function createTxValidatorForAcceptingTxsOverRPC(
     setupAllowList,
     gasFees,
     skipFeeEnforcement,
+    isSimulation,
     timestamp,
     blockNumber,
     txsPermitted,
-    rollupManaLimit,
-    maxBlockL2Gas,
-    maxBlockDAGas,
+    maxTxL2Gas,
+    maxTxDAGas,
   }: {
     l1ChainId: number;
     rollupVersion: number;
     setupAllowList: AllowedElement[];
     gasFees: GasFees;
     skipFeeEnforcement?: boolean;
+    isSimulation?: boolean;
     timestamp: UInt64;
     blockNumber: BlockNumber;
     txsPermitted: boolean;
-    rollupManaLimit: number;
-    maxBlockL2Gas?: number;
-    maxBlockDAGas?: number;
+    maxTxL2Gas?: number;
+    maxTxDAGas?: number;
   },
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
 ): TxValidator<Tx> {
@@ -330,13 +339,19 @@ export function createTxValidatorForAcceptingTxsOverRPC(
     new ContractInstanceTxValidator(bindings),
   ];
 
+  // Declared gas-limit admission is not fee enforcement, so it runs even when fees are skipped, but it is
+  // skipped during simulation: gas estimation submits intentionally-inflated `forEstimation` limits (above
+  // the per-tx max) and the wallet clamps the real tx to the admission limit afterward, so enforcing the
+  // limit on the estimation tx would reject a valid estimation. The fee-balance check below stays behind
+  // `skipFeeEnforcement`, and GasTxValidator is constructed without the limit opts so it does not re-run
+  // this same check.
+  if (!isSimulation) {
+    validators.push(new GasLimitsValidator<Tx>({ maxTxL2Gas, maxTxDAGas, bindings }));
+  }
+
   if (!skipFeeEnforcement) {
     validators.push(
-      new GasTxValidator(new DatabasePublicStateSource(db), ProtocolContractAddress.FeeJuice, gasFees, bindings, {
-        rollupManaLimit,
-        maxBlockL2Gas,
-        maxBlockDAGas,
-      }),
+      new GasTxValidator(new DatabasePublicStateSource(db), ProtocolContractAddress.FeeJuice, gasFees, bindings),
     );
   }
 
@@ -422,7 +437,8 @@ export async function createTxValidatorForTransactionsEnteringPendingTxPool(
   worldStateSynchronizer: WorldStateSynchronizer,
   timestamp: bigint,
   blockNumber: BlockNumber,
-  gasLimitOpts: { rollupManaLimit?: number; maxBlockL2Gas?: number; maxBlockDAGas?: number },
+  gasLimitOpts: { maxTxL2Gas?: number; maxTxDAGas?: number },
+  gasFees: GasFees,
   bindings?: LoggerBindings,
 ): Promise<TxValidator<TxMetaData>> {
   await worldStateSynchronizer.syncImmediate();
@@ -440,6 +456,7 @@ export async function createTxValidatorForTransactionsEnteringPendingTxPool(
   };
   return new AggregateTxValidator<TxMetaData>(
     new GasLimitsValidator<TxMetaData>({ ...gasLimitOpts, bindings }),
+    new MaxFeePerGasValidator<TxMetaData>(gasFees, bindings),
     new TimestampTxValidator<TxMetaData>({ timestamp, blockNumber }, bindings),
     new DoubleSpendTxValidator<TxMetaData>(nullifierSource, bindings),
     new BlockHeaderTxValidator<TxMetaData>(archiveSource, bindings),

package/src/msg_validators/tx_validator/gas_validator.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import {
-  MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT,
   MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS,
+  MAX_TX_DA_GAS,
   PRIVATE_TX_L2_GAS_OVERHEAD,
   PUBLIC_TX_L2_GAS_OVERHEAD,
   TX_DA_GAS_OVERHEAD,
@@ -36,6 +36,18 @@ export interface HasGasLimitData {
   };
 }
 
+/** Structural interface for types that carry max fee per gas data, used by {@link MaxFeePerGasValidator}. */
+export interface HasMaxFeePerGasData {
+  txHash: { toString(): string };
+  data: {
+    constants: {
+      txContext: {
+        gasSettings: { maxFeesPerGas: GasFees };
+      };
+    };
+  };
+}
+
 /**
  * Validates that a transaction's gas limits are within acceptable bounds.
  *
@@ -52,22 +64,21 @@ export class GasLimitsValidator<T extends HasGasLimitData> implements TxValidato
   #log: Logger;
   #effectiveMaxL2Gas: number;
   #effectiveMaxDAGas: number;
-  #rollupManaLimit: number;
-  #maxBlockL2Gas: number;
-  #maxBlockDAGas: number;
-
-  constructor(opts?: {
-    rollupManaLimit?: number;
-    maxBlockL2Gas?: number;
-    maxBlockDAGas?: number;
-    bindings?: LoggerBindings;
-  }) {
+
+  /**
+   * @param maxTxL2Gas - The network admission limit on L2 gas a single tx may declare (the per-block mana
+   * allocation, see {@link computeNetworkTxGasLimits}). Defaults to the per-tx protocol maximum, so callers
+   * that pass nothing (e.g. block building) enforce only the protocol ceiling.
+   * @param maxTxDAGas - The network admission limit on DA gas a single tx may declare. Defaults to the
+   * per-tx protocol maximum {@link MAX_TX_DA_GAS}.
+   */
+  constructor(opts?: { maxTxL2Gas?: number; maxTxDAGas?: number; bindings?: LoggerBindings }) {
     this.#log = createLogger('sequencer:tx_validator:tx_gas', opts?.bindings);
-    this.#rollupManaLimit = opts?.rollupManaLimit ?? Infinity;
-    this.#maxBlockL2Gas = opts?.maxBlockL2Gas ?? Infinity;
-    this.#maxBlockDAGas = opts?.maxBlockDAGas ?? Infinity;
-    this.#effectiveMaxL2Gas = Math.min(MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS, this.#rollupManaLimit, this.#maxBlockL2Gas);
-    this.#effectiveMaxDAGas = Math.min(MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT, this.#maxBlockDAGas);
+    // The passed limits are network admission limits; clamp to the per-tx protocol maxima as a hard ceiling.
+    // MAX_TX_DA_GAS bounds DA by what a single tx can actually post to a blob; declaring more is meaningless
+    // and would let a tx reserve checkpoint/block DA budget during proposal building it can't use.
+    this.#effectiveMaxL2Gas = Math.min(MAX_PROCESSABLE_L2_GAS, opts?.maxTxL2Gas ?? Infinity);
+    this.#effectiveMaxDAGas = Math.min(MAX_TX_DA_GAS, opts?.maxTxDAGas ?? Infinity);
   }
 
   validateTx(tx: T): Promise<TxValidationResult> {
@@ -87,41 +98,94 @@ export class GasLimitsValidator<T extends HasGasLimitData> implements TxValidato
         gasLimits,
         minGasLimits,
       });
-      return { result: 'invalid', reason: [TX_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_GAS_LIMIT] };
+      return {
+        result: 'invalid',
+        reason: [
+          `${TX_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_GAS_LIMIT} (required=da:${minGasLimits.daGas},l2:${minGasLimits.l2Gas} got=da:${gasLimits.daGas},l2:${gasLimits.l2Gas})`,
+        ],
+      };
     }
 
     if (gasLimits.l2Gas > this.#effectiveMaxL2Gas) {
       this.#log.verbose(`Rejecting transaction due to the L2 gas limit being higher than the effective maximum`, {
         gasLimits,
         effectiveMaxL2Gas: this.#effectiveMaxL2Gas,
-        rollupManaLimit: this.#rollupManaLimit,
-        maxBlockL2Gas: this.#maxBlockL2Gas,
       });
-      return { result: 'invalid', reason: [TX_ERROR_GAS_LIMIT_TOO_HIGH] };
+      return {
+        result: 'invalid',
+        reason: [`${TX_ERROR_GAS_LIMIT_TOO_HIGH} (l2Gas=${gasLimits.l2Gas}, max=${this.#effectiveMaxL2Gas})`],
+      };
     }
 
     if (gasLimits.daGas > this.#effectiveMaxDAGas) {
       this.#log.verbose(`Rejecting transaction due to the DA gas limit being higher than the effective maximum`, {
         gasLimits,
         effectiveMaxDAGas: this.#effectiveMaxDAGas,
-        maxBlockDAGas: this.#maxBlockDAGas,
       });
-      return { result: 'invalid', reason: [TX_ERROR_GAS_LIMIT_TOO_HIGH] };
+      return {
+        result: 'invalid',
+        reason: [`${TX_ERROR_GAS_LIMIT_TOO_HIGH} (daGas=${gasLimits.daGas}, max=${this.#effectiveMaxDAGas})`],
+      };
     }
 
     return { result: 'valid' };
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Validates that a transaction's max fee per gas meets the current block's gas fees.
+ *
+ * Rejects transactions whose maxFeesPerGas is below the current block's gas fees
+ * on either dimension (DA or L2). This is a cheap, stateless check.
+ *
+ * Generic over T so it can validate both full {@link Tx} objects and {@link TxMetaData}
+ * (used during pending pool migration).
+ *
+ * Used by: pending pool migration (via factory), and indirectly by {@link GasTxValidator}.
+ */
+export class MaxFeePerGasValidator<T extends HasMaxFeePerGasData> implements TxValidator<T> {
+  #log: Logger;
+  #gasFees: GasFees;
+
+  constructor(gasFees: GasFees, bindings?: LoggerBindings) {
+    this.#log = createLogger('sequencer:tx_validator:tx_gas', bindings);
+    this.#gasFees = gasFees;
+  }
+
+  validateTx(tx: T): Promise<TxValidationResult> {
+    return Promise.resolve(this.validateMaxFeePerGas(tx));
+  }
+
+  /** Checks maxFeesPerGas >= current block gas fees on both dimensions. */
+  validateMaxFeePerGas(tx: T): TxValidationResult {
+    const maxFeesPerGas = tx.data.constants.txContext.gasSettings.maxFeesPerGas;
+    const notEnoughMaxFees =
+      maxFeesPerGas.feePerDaGas < this.#gasFees.feePerDaGas || maxFeesPerGas.feePerL2Gas < this.#gasFees.feePerL2Gas;
+
+    if (notEnoughMaxFees) {
+      this.#log.verbose(`Rejecting transaction ${tx.txHash.toString()} due to insufficient fee per gas`, {
+        txMaxFeesPerGas: maxFeesPerGas.toInspect(),
+        currentGasFees: this.#gasFees.toInspect(),
+      });
+      return {
+        result: 'invalid',
+        reason: [
+          `${TX_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PER_GAS} (maxFee=da:${maxFeesPerGas.feePerDaGas},l2:${maxFeesPerGas.feePerL2Gas} required=da:${this.#gasFees.feePerDaGas},l2:${this.#gasFees.feePerL2Gas})`,
+        ],
+      };
+    }
+    return { result: 'valid' };
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Validates that a transaction can pay its gas fees.
  *
  * Runs three checks in order:
  * 1. **Gas limits** (delegates to {@link GasLimitsValidator}) — rejects if limits are
  *    out of bounds.
- * 2. **Max fee per gas** — skips (not rejects) the tx if its maxFeesPerGas is below
- *    the current block's gas fees. We skip rather than reject because the tx may
- *    become eligible in a later block with lower fees.
+ * 2. **Max fee per gas** — rejects the tx if its maxFeesPerGas is below
+ *    the current block's gas fees.
  * 3. **Fee payer balance** — reads the fee payer's FeeJuice balance from public state,
  *    adds any pending claim from a setup-phase `_increase_public_balance` call, and
  *    rejects if the total is less than the tx's fee limit (gasLimits * maxFeePerGas).
@@ -133,14 +197,14 @@ export class GasTxValidator implements TxValidator<Tx> {
   #publicDataSource: PublicStateSource;
   #feeJuiceAddress: AztecAddress;
   #gasFees: GasFees;
-  #gasLimitOpts?: { rollupManaLimit?: number; maxBlockL2Gas?: number; maxBlockDAGas?: number };
+  #gasLimitOpts?: { maxTxL2Gas?: number; maxTxDAGas?: number };
 
   constructor(
     publicDataSource: PublicStateSource,
     feeJuiceAddress: AztecAddress,
     gasFees: GasFees,
     private bindings?: LoggerBindings,
-    opts?: { rollupManaLimit?: number; maxBlockL2Gas?: number; maxBlockDAGas?: number },
+    opts?: { maxTxL2Gas?: number; maxTxDAGas?: number },
   ) {
     this.#log = createLogger('sequencer:tx_validator:tx_gas', bindings);
     this.#publicDataSource = publicDataSource;
@@ -155,37 +219,15 @@ export class GasTxValidator implements TxValidator<Tx> {
       bindings: this.bindings,
     }).validateGasLimit(tx);
     if (gasLimitValidation.result === 'invalid') {
-      return Promise.resolve(gasLimitValidation);
+      return gasLimitValidation;
     }
-    if (this.#shouldSkip(tx)) {
-      return Promise.resolve({ result: 'skipped', reason: [TX_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PER_GAS] });
+    const maxFeeValidation = new MaxFeePerGasValidator(this.#gasFees, this.bindings).validateMaxFeePerGas(tx);
+    if (maxFeeValidation.result === 'invalid') {
+      return maxFeeValidation;
     }
     return await this.validateTxFee(tx);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Check whether the tx's max fees are valid for the current block, and skip if not.
-   * We skip instead of invalidating since the tx may become eligible later.
-   * Note that circuits check max fees even if fee payer is unset, so we
-   * keep this validation even if the tx does not pay fees.
-   */
-  #shouldSkip(tx: Tx): boolean {
-    const gasSettings = tx.data.constants.txContext.gasSettings;
-
-    // Skip the tx if its max fees are not enough for the current block's gas fees.
-    const maxFeesPerGas = gasSettings.maxFeesPerGas;
-    const notEnoughMaxFees =
-      maxFeesPerGas.feePerDaGas < this.#gasFees.feePerDaGas || maxFeesPerGas.feePerL2Gas < this.#gasFees.feePerL2Gas;
-
-    if (notEnoughMaxFees) {
-      this.#log.verbose(`Skipping transaction ${tx.getTxHash().toString()} due to insufficient fee per gas`, {
-        txMaxFeesPerGas: maxFeesPerGas.toInspect(),
-        currentGasFees: this.#gasFees.toInspect(),
-      });
-    }
-    return notEnoughMaxFees;
-  }
-
   /**
    * Checks the fee payer has enough FeeJuice balance to cover the tx's fee limit.
    * Accounts for any pending claim from a setup-phase `_increase_public_balance` call.
@@ -212,7 +254,10 @@ export class GasTxValidator implements TxValidator<Tx> {
         balance,
         feeLimit,
       });
-      return { result: 'invalid', reason: [TX_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PAYER_BALANCE] };
+      return {
+        result: 'invalid',
+        reason: [`${TX_ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_FEE_PAYER_BALANCE} (required=${feeLimit}, available=${balance})`],
+      };
     }
     return { result: 'valid' };
   }

package/src/msg_validators/tx_validator/index.ts

@@ -14,3 +14,5 @@ export * from './tx_permitted_validator.js';
 export * from './timestamp_validator.js';
 export * from './size_validator.js';
 export * from './factory.js';
+export * from './tx_validation_cache.js';
+export * from './cached_tx_validator.js';

package/src/msg_validators/tx_validator/phases_validator.ts

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ export class PhasesTxValidator implements TxValidator<Tx> {
           }
           if (
             entry.rejectNullMsgSender &&
-            publicCall.request.msgSender.equals(AztecAddress.fromBigInt(NULL_MSG_SENDER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS))
+            publicCall.request.msgSender.equals(AztecAddress.fromBigIntUnsafe(NULL_MSG_SENDER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS))
           ) {
             return TX_ERROR_SETUP_NULL_MSG_SENDER;
           }
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ export class PhasesTxValidator implements TxValidator<Tx> {
         }
         if (
           entry.rejectNullMsgSender &&
-          publicCall.request.msgSender.equals(AztecAddress.fromBigInt(NULL_MSG_SENDER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS))
+          publicCall.request.msgSender.equals(AztecAddress.fromBigIntUnsafe(NULL_MSG_SENDER_CONTRACT_ADDRESS))
         ) {
           return TX_ERROR_SETUP_NULL_MSG_SENDER;
         }

package/src/msg_validators/tx_validator/tx_proof_validator.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import type { ClientProtocolCircuitVerifier } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/ser
 import { TX_ERROR_INVALID_PROOF, Tx, type TxValidationResult, type TxValidator } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
 
 export class TxProofValidator implements TxValidator<Tx> {
+  public readonly identifier: symbol = Symbol('TxProofValidator');
+
   #log: Logger;
 
   constructor(

package/src/msg_validators/tx_validator/tx_validation_cache.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+import { LruMap } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import type { Tx, TxValidationResult } from '@aztec/stdlib/tx';
+
+import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
+
+/**
+ * Minimal interface consumed by {@link CachedTxValidator}.
+ * Keeping the dependency on an interface lets callers (and tests) substitute any cache implementation.
+ */
+export interface ITxValidationCache {
+  /** Returns the cached promise if present, otherwise calls `validate`, caches its promise, and returns it. */
+  getOrValidate(
+    validatorSymbol: symbol,
+    tx: Tx,
+    validate: () => Promise<TxValidationResult>,
+  ): Promise<TxValidationResult>;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Caches per-validator tx validation results to avoid redundant work across repeated validation calls.
+ *
+ * The cache key is composed from the validator symbol and tx hash, ensuring results are
+ * scoped to the specific validator that produced them.
+ *
+ * Promises are stored before they are awaited, so concurrent calls for the same pair share
+ * a single in-flight validation rather than launching duplicate work.
+ *
+ * Entries are evicted in least-recently-used order once the cache reaches `maxSize`.
+ */
+export class TxValidationCache implements ITxValidationCache {
+  #log: Logger;
+
+  private readonly entries: LruMap<string, Promise<TxValidationResult>>;
+  // Remember hashes for known Tx object references to skip rehashing on subsequent lookups.
+  // WeakMap holds keys weakly, so an entry doesn't keep the Tx alive once nothing else references it.
+  private readonly txHashesCache: WeakMap<Tx, string> = new WeakMap();
+
+  constructor(maxSize: number) {
+    this.entries = new LruMap(maxSize);
+    this.#log = createLogger('p2p:tx_validation_cache');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Computes the cache key scoping a validation result to a specific validator and tx.
+   *
+   * @param validatorSymbol - The symbol of the validator.
+   * @param tx - The tx to compute the key for.
+   * @returns The cache key.
+   *
+   * Note: the key should NOT use the tx.hash because it can't be trusted at this point.
+   */
+  public key(validatorSymbol: symbol, tx: Tx): string {
+    // Serializing the tx dominates cost (~5 ms). If we have already hashed this object, skip toBuffer + hash.
+    let hash = this.txHashesCache.get(tx);
+    if (hash === undefined) {
+      hash = createHash('sha256').update(tx.toBuffer()).digest('hex');
+      this.txHashesCache.set(tx, hash);
+    }
+    return `${Symbol.keyFor(validatorSymbol) ?? validatorSymbol.toString()}:${hash}`;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the cached promise for the given key, or undefined if not cached. Refreshes recency. */
+  public get(key: string): Promise<TxValidationResult> | undefined {
+    return this.entries.get(key);
+  }
+
+  /** Stores a validation promise under the given key, evicting the LRU entry if at capacity. */
+  public set(key: string, result: Promise<TxValidationResult>): void {
+    this.entries.set(key, result);
+  }
+
+  /** Removes the cached validation promise for the given key. */
+  public delete(key: string): void {
+    this.entries.delete(key);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the cached promise if present, otherwise calls `validate`, stores its promise
+   * immediately (before awaiting), and returns it.
+   */
+  public getOrValidate(
+    validatorSymbol: symbol,
+    tx: Tx,
+    validate: () => Promise<TxValidationResult>,
+  ): Promise<TxValidationResult> {
+    const key = this.key(validatorSymbol, tx);
+    const cached = this.get(key);
+    if (cached !== undefined) {
+      this.#log.debug('Returning cached tx validation result', {
+        validator: validatorSymbol.toString(),
+        txHash: tx.txHash.toString(),
+        key: key,
+      });
+      return cached;
+    }
+    const promise = validate();
+    this.set(key, promise);
+    return promise;
+  }
+}

package/src/services/data_store.ts

@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@ export class AztecDatastore implements Datastore {
   #memoryDatastore: Map<string, MemoryItem>;
   #dbDatastore: AztecAsyncMap<string, Uint8Array>;
 
-  #batchOps: BatchOp[] = [];
-
   private maxMemoryItems: number;
 
   constructor(db: AztecAsyncKVStore, { maxMemoryItems } = { maxMemoryItems: 50 }) {
@@ -92,23 +90,17 @@ export class AztecDatastore implements Datastore {
   }
 
   batch(): Batch {
+    const ops: BatchOp[] = [];
     return {
       put: (key, value) => {
-        this.#batchOps.push({
-          type: 'put',
-          key,
-          value,
-        });
+        ops.push({ type: 'put', key, value });
       },
       delete: key => {
-        this.#batchOps.push({
-          type: 'del',
-          key,
-        });
+        ops.push({ type: 'del', key });
       },
       commit: async () => {
         await this.#db.transactionAsync(async () => {
-          for (const op of this.#batchOps) {
+          for (const op of ops) {
             if (op.type === 'put' && op.value) {
               await this.put(op.key, op.value);
             } else if (op.type === 'del') {
@@ -116,7 +108,7 @@ export class AztecDatastore implements Datastore {
             }
           }
         });
-        this.#batchOps = []; // Clear operations after commit
+        ops.length = 0;
       },
     };
   }