@aztec/foundation 0.14.2 → 0.15.1

package/src/timer/timer.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,14 @@ export class Timer {
   private start: number;
 
   constructor() {
-    this.start = new Date().getTime();
+    this.start = performance.now();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return microseconds.
+   */
+  public us() {
+    return this.ms() * 1000;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -25,7 +32,7 @@ export class Timer {
    * @returns The elapsed time in milliseconds.
    */
   public ms() {
-    return new Date().getTime() - this.start;
+    return performance.now() - this.start;
   }
 
   /**
@@ -36,6 +43,6 @@ export class Timer {
    * @returns The elapsed time in seconds.
    */
   public s() {
-    return (new Date().getTime() - this.start) / 1000;
+    return this.ms() / 1000;
   }
 }

package/src/transport/interface/transferable.ts

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ export interface TransferDescriptor<T = any> {
  * @returns A boolean indicating whether the object is transferable.
  */
 function isTransferable(thing: any): thing is Transferable {
-  if (!thing || typeof thing !== 'object') return false;
+  if (!thing || typeof thing !== 'object') {
+    return false;
+  }
   // Don't check too thoroughly, since the list of transferable things in JS might grow over time
   return true;
 }
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ export function Transfer<T>(transferable: Transferable): TransferDescriptor<T>;
  * Mark transferable objects within an arbitrary object or array as
  * being a transferable object. They will then not be serialized
  * and deserialized on messaging with the main thread, but ownership
- * of them will be tranferred to the receiving thread.
+ * of them will be transferred to the receiving thread.
  *
  * Only array buffers, message ports and few more special types of
  * objects can be transferred, but it's much faster than serializing and
@@ -109,7 +111,9 @@ export function Transfer<T>(payload: T, transferables: Transferable[]): Transfer
  */
 export function Transfer<T>(payload: T, transferables?: Transferable[]): TransferDescriptor<T> {
   if (!transferables) {
-    if (!isTransferable(payload)) throw Error();
+    if (!isTransferable(payload)) {
+      throw Error();
+    }
     transferables = [payload];
   }
 

package/src/wasm/wasm_module.ts

@@ -232,7 +232,9 @@ export class WasmModule implements IWasmModule {
     addr = addr >>> 0;
     const m = this.getMemory();
     let i = addr;
-    for (; m[i] !== 0; ++i);
+    while (m[i] !== 0) {
+      ++i;
+    }
     return Buffer.from(m.slice(addr, i)).toString('ascii');
   }
 

package/dest/fields/grumpkin_scalar.d.ts

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-/// <reference types="node" resolution-mode="require"/>
-import { BufferReader } from '../serialize/buffer_reader.js';
-import { Fr } from './fields.js';
-/**
- * Represents a field element in a prime finite field with modulus defined by the constant MODULUS.
- * @remarks Called GrumpkinScalar because it is used to represent elements in Grumpkin's scalar field as defined in
- *          the Aztec Yellow Paper.
- */
-export declare class GrumpkinScalar {
-    /**
-     * The element's value as a bigint in the finite field.
-     */
-    readonly value: bigint;
-    static MODULUS: bigint;
-    static MAX_VALUE: bigint;
-    static SIZE_IN_BYTES: number;
-    private static HIGH_SHIFT;
-    private static LOW_MASK;
-    constructor(
-    /**
-     * The element's value as a bigint in the finite field.
-     */
-    value: bigint);
-    get low(): Fr;
-    get high(): Fr;
-    /**
-     * Deserialize a grumpkin scalar serialized in 2 Fr.
-     * @param high - The high Fr element.
-     * @param low - The low Fr element.
-     * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance with the value of the two Fr elements.
-     */
-    static fromHighLow(high: Fr, low: Fr): GrumpkinScalar;
-    /**
-     * Generates a random GrumpkinScalar.
-     *
-     * @returns A new GrumpkinScalar instance with a randomly generated value.
-     */
-    static random(): GrumpkinScalar;
-    /**
-     * Create an instance of GrumpkinScalar from a given buffer or BufferReader.
-     * @remarks Reads SIZE_IN_BYTES from the provided buffer and converts it to a bigint, then creates a new instance
-     * with that value. Throws an error if the value is out of range for the calling class.
-     *
-     * @param buffer - The input buffer or BufferReader containing the bytes representing the value.
-     * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance.
-     */
-    static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader): GrumpkinScalar;
-    /**
-     * Like fromBuffer, but reduces the value modulo MODULUS.
-     *
-     * @param buffer - The Buffer or BufferReader containing the bytes representing the value.
-     * @returns GrumpkinScalar with the decoded value.
-     */
-    static fromBufferWithReduction(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader): GrumpkinScalar;
-    /**
-     * Create a GrumpkinScalar instance from a hex-encoded string.
-     * The input 'address' can be either prefixed with '0x' or not, and should have exactly 64 hex characters.
-     * Throws an error if the input length is invalid or the address value is out of range.
-     *
-     * @param address - The hex-encoded string representing the field element.
-     * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance.
-     */
-    static fromString(address: string): GrumpkinScalar;
-    /**
-     * Converts the bigint value of the instance to a Buffer representation.
-     * The output buffer has a fixed size, determined by the 'SIZE_IN_BYTES' constant.
-     *
-     * @returns A Buffer containing the byte representation of the instance's value.
-     */
-    toBuffer(): Buffer;
-    /**
-     * Converts the GrumpkinScalar value to a hexadecimal string representation.
-     * The resulting string is prefixed with '0x' and contains the exact number of hex characters required
-     * to represent the numeric value of this instance.
-     *
-     * @param padTo32 - Whether to pad the resulting string to 32 bytes.
-     * @returns A hexadecimal string representing the GrumpkinScalar value.
-     */
-    toString(padTo32?: boolean): `0x${string}`;
-    /**
-     * Check if the value of the current instance is zero.
-     * This function compares the internal 'value' property with 0n (BigInt representation of zero).
-     * Returns true if the value is zero, otherwise returns false.
-     *
-     * @returns A boolean indicating whether the value is zero or not.
-     */
-    isZero(): boolean;
-    /**
-     * Converts the value of the GrumpkinScalar instance to a friendly JSON format.
-     * The output is a hexadecimal string representation of the value with '0x' prefix.
-     *
-     * @returns A string representing the value in the JSON format.
-     */
-    toFriendlyJSON(): `0x${string}`;
-}
-//# sourceMappingURL=grumpkin_scalar.d.ts.map

package/dest/fields/grumpkin_scalar.d.ts.map

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-{"version":3,"file":"grumpkin_scalar.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../src/fields/grumpkin_scalar.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":";AAEA,OAAO,EAAE,YAAY,EAAE,MAAM,+BAA+B,CAAC;AAC7D,OAAO,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,MAAM,aAAa,CAAC;AAEjC;;;;GAIG;AACH,qBAAa,cAAc;IAUvB;;OAEG;aACa,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM;IAZ/B,MAAM,CAAC,OAAO,SAAuE;IACrF,MAAM,CAAC,SAAS,SAA+B;IAC/C,MAAM,CAAC,aAAa,SAAM;IAG1B,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,UAAU,CAAkD;IAC3E,OAAO,CAAC,MAAM,CAAC,QAAQ,CAA0C;;IAG/D;;OAEG;IACa,KAAK,EAAE,MAAM;IAO/B,IAAI,GAAG,IAAI,EAAE,CAEZ;IAED,IAAI,IAAI,IAAI,EAAE,CAEb;IAED;;;;;OAKG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,WAAW,CAAC,IAAI,EAAE,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,EAAE,EAAE,GAAG,cAAc;IAIrD;;;;OAIG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,MAAM;IAKb;;;;;;;OAOG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,YAAY;IAK/C;;;;;OAKG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,uBAAuB,CAAC,MAAM,EAAE,MAAM,GAAG,YAAY;IAM5D;;;;;;;OAOG;IACH,MAAM,CAAC,UAAU,CAAC,OAAO,EAAE,MAAM;IAIjC;;;;;OAKG;IACH,QAAQ;IAIR;;;;;;;OAOG;IACH,QAAQ,CAAC,OAAO,UAAQ;IAIxB;;;;;;OAMG;IACH,MAAM;IAIN;;;;;OAKG;IACH,cAAc;CAGf"}

package/dest/fields/grumpkin_scalar.js

@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-import { toBigIntBE, toBufferBE, toHex } from '../bigint-buffer/index.js';
-import { randomBytes } from '../crypto/index.js';
-import { BufferReader } from '../serialize/buffer_reader.js';
-import { Fr } from './fields.js';
-/**
- * Represents a field element in a prime finite field with modulus defined by the constant MODULUS.
- * @remarks Called GrumpkinScalar because it is used to represent elements in Grumpkin's scalar field as defined in
- *          the Aztec Yellow Paper.
- */
-export class GrumpkinScalar {
-    constructor(
-    /**
-     * The element's value as a bigint in the finite field.
-     */
-    value) {
-        this.value = value;
-        if (value > GrumpkinScalar.MAX_VALUE) {
-            throw new Error(`GrumpkinScalar out of range ${value}.`);
-        }
-    }
-    get low() {
-        return new Fr(this.value & GrumpkinScalar.LOW_MASK);
-    }
-    get high() {
-        return new Fr(this.value >> GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Deserialize a grumpkin scalar serialized in 2 Fr.
-     * @param high - The high Fr element.
-     * @param low - The low Fr element.
-     * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance with the value of the two Fr elements.
-     */
-    static fromHighLow(high, low) {
-        return new GrumpkinScalar((high.value << GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT) + low.value);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Generates a random GrumpkinScalar.
-     *
-     * @returns A new GrumpkinScalar instance with a randomly generated value.
-     */
-    static random() {
-        const r = toBigIntBE(randomBytes(64)) % GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS;
-        return new this(r);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create an instance of GrumpkinScalar from a given buffer or BufferReader.
-     * @remarks Reads SIZE_IN_BYTES from the provided buffer and converts it to a bigint, then creates a new instance
-     * with that value. Throws an error if the value is out of range for the calling class.
-     *
-     * @param buffer - The input buffer or BufferReader containing the bytes representing the value.
-     * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance.
-     */
-    static fromBuffer(buffer) {
-        const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-        return new this(toBigIntBE(reader.readBytes(this.SIZE_IN_BYTES)));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Like fromBuffer, but reduces the value modulo MODULUS.
-     *
-     * @param buffer - The Buffer or BufferReader containing the bytes representing the value.
-     * @returns GrumpkinScalar with the decoded value.
-     */
-    static fromBufferWithReduction(buffer) {
-        const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-        const value = toBigIntBE(reader.readBytes(GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES)) % GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS;
-        return new GrumpkinScalar(value);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Create a GrumpkinScalar instance from a hex-encoded string.
-     * The input 'address' can be either prefixed with '0x' or not, and should have exactly 64 hex characters.
-     * Throws an error if the input length is invalid or the address value is out of range.
-     *
-     * @param address - The hex-encoded string representing the field element.
-     * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance.
-     */
-    static fromString(address) {
-        return GrumpkinScalar.fromBuffer(Buffer.from(address.replace(/^0x/i, ''), 'hex'));
-    }
-    /**
-     * Converts the bigint value of the instance to a Buffer representation.
-     * The output buffer has a fixed size, determined by the 'SIZE_IN_BYTES' constant.
-     *
-     * @returns A Buffer containing the byte representation of the instance's value.
-     */
-    toBuffer() {
-        return toBufferBE(this.value, GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Converts the GrumpkinScalar value to a hexadecimal string representation.
-     * The resulting string is prefixed with '0x' and contains the exact number of hex characters required
-     * to represent the numeric value of this instance.
-     *
-     * @param padTo32 - Whether to pad the resulting string to 32 bytes.
-     * @returns A hexadecimal string representing the GrumpkinScalar value.
-     */
-    toString(padTo32 = false) {
-        return toHex(this.value, padTo32);
-    }
-    /**
-     * Check if the value of the current instance is zero.
-     * This function compares the internal 'value' property with 0n (BigInt representation of zero).
-     * Returns true if the value is zero, otherwise returns false.
-     *
-     * @returns A boolean indicating whether the value is zero or not.
-     */
-    isZero() {
-        return this.value === 0n;
-    }
-    /**
-     * Converts the value of the GrumpkinScalar instance to a friendly JSON format.
-     * The output is a hexadecimal string representation of the value with '0x' prefix.
-     *
-     * @returns A string representing the value in the JSON format.
-     */
-    toFriendlyJSON() {
-        return this.toString();
-    }
-}
-GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS = 0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d97816a916871ca8d3c208c16d87cfd47n;
-GrumpkinScalar.MAX_VALUE = GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS - 1n;
-GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES = 32;
-// The following constants are used to split a GrumpkinScalar into two Fr elements.
-GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT = BigInt((GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES / 2) * 8);
-GrumpkinScalar.LOW_MASK = (1n << GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT) - 1n;
-//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,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

package/src/fields/grumpkin_scalar.ts

@@ -1,138 +0,0 @@
-import { toBigIntBE, toBufferBE, toHex } from '../bigint-buffer/index.js';
-import { randomBytes } from '../crypto/index.js';
-import { BufferReader } from '../serialize/buffer_reader.js';
-import { Fr } from './fields.js';
-
-/**
- * Represents a field element in a prime finite field with modulus defined by the constant MODULUS.
- * @remarks Called GrumpkinScalar because it is used to represent elements in Grumpkin's scalar field as defined in
- *          the Aztec Yellow Paper.
- */
-export class GrumpkinScalar {
-  static MODULUS = 0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d97816a916871ca8d3c208c16d87cfd47n;
-  static MAX_VALUE = GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS - 1n;
-  static SIZE_IN_BYTES = 32;
-
-  // The following constants are used to split a GrumpkinScalar into two Fr elements.
-  private static HIGH_SHIFT = BigInt((GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES / 2) * 8);
-  private static LOW_MASK = (1n << GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT) - 1n;
-
-  constructor(
-    /**
-     * The element's value as a bigint in the finite field.
-     */
-    public readonly value: bigint,
-  ) {
-    if (value > GrumpkinScalar.MAX_VALUE) {
-      throw new Error(`GrumpkinScalar out of range ${value}.`);
-    }
-  }
-
-  get low(): Fr {
-    return new Fr(this.value & GrumpkinScalar.LOW_MASK);
-  }
-
-  get high(): Fr {
-    return new Fr(this.value >> GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Deserialize a grumpkin scalar serialized in 2 Fr.
-   * @param high - The high Fr element.
-   * @param low - The low Fr element.
-   * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance with the value of the two Fr elements.
-   */
-  static fromHighLow(high: Fr, low: Fr): GrumpkinScalar {
-    return new GrumpkinScalar((high.value << GrumpkinScalar.HIGH_SHIFT) + low.value);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Generates a random GrumpkinScalar.
-   *
-   * @returns A new GrumpkinScalar instance with a randomly generated value.
-   */
-  static random() {
-    const r = toBigIntBE(randomBytes(64)) % GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS;
-    return new this(r);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create an instance of GrumpkinScalar from a given buffer or BufferReader.
-   * @remarks Reads SIZE_IN_BYTES from the provided buffer and converts it to a bigint, then creates a new instance
-   * with that value. Throws an error if the value is out of range for the calling class.
-   *
-   * @param buffer - The input buffer or BufferReader containing the bytes representing the value.
-   * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance.
-   */
-  static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader) {
-    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-    return new this(toBigIntBE(reader.readBytes(this.SIZE_IN_BYTES)));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Like fromBuffer, but reduces the value modulo MODULUS.
-   *
-   * @param buffer - The Buffer or BufferReader containing the bytes representing the value.
-   * @returns GrumpkinScalar with the decoded value.
-   */
-  static fromBufferWithReduction(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader) {
-    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-    const value = toBigIntBE(reader.readBytes(GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES)) % GrumpkinScalar.MODULUS;
-    return new GrumpkinScalar(value);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Create a GrumpkinScalar instance from a hex-encoded string.
-   * The input 'address' can be either prefixed with '0x' or not, and should have exactly 64 hex characters.
-   * Throws an error if the input length is invalid or the address value is out of range.
-   *
-   * @param address - The hex-encoded string representing the field element.
-   * @returns A GrumpkinScalar instance.
-   */
-  static fromString(address: string) {
-    return GrumpkinScalar.fromBuffer(Buffer.from(address.replace(/^0x/i, ''), 'hex'));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Converts the bigint value of the instance to a Buffer representation.
-   * The output buffer has a fixed size, determined by the 'SIZE_IN_BYTES' constant.
-   *
-   * @returns A Buffer containing the byte representation of the instance's value.
-   */
-  toBuffer() {
-    return toBufferBE(this.value, GrumpkinScalar.SIZE_IN_BYTES);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Converts the GrumpkinScalar value to a hexadecimal string representation.
-   * The resulting string is prefixed with '0x' and contains the exact number of hex characters required
-   * to represent the numeric value of this instance.
-   *
-   * @param padTo32 - Whether to pad the resulting string to 32 bytes.
-   * @returns A hexadecimal string representing the GrumpkinScalar value.
-   */
-  toString(padTo32 = false) {
-    return toHex(this.value, padTo32);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Check if the value of the current instance is zero.
-   * This function compares the internal 'value' property with 0n (BigInt representation of zero).
-   * Returns true if the value is zero, otherwise returns false.
-   *
-   * @returns A boolean indicating whether the value is zero or not.
-   */
-  isZero() {
-    return this.value === 0n;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Converts the value of the GrumpkinScalar instance to a friendly JSON format.
-   * The output is a hexadecimal string representation of the value with '0x' prefix.
-   *
-   * @returns A string representing the value in the JSON format.
-   */
-  toFriendlyJSON() {
-    return this.toString();
-  }
-}