@aztec/foundation 0.0.1-commit.a89ec08 → 0.0.1-commit.aa0c64f

package/src/crypto/schnorr/index.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { BarretenbergSync } from '@aztec/bb.js';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
 import type { GrumpkinScalar } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/grumpkin';
 import { Point } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/grumpkin';
 
@@ -23,33 +24,33 @@ export class Schnorr {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Constructs a Schnorr signature given a msg and a private key.
-   * @param msg - Message over which the signature is constructed.
+   * Constructs a Schnorr signature over a 32-byte message field element.
+   * @param msg - The message hash, as a grumpkin base field element.
    * @param privateKey - The private key of the signer.
    * @returns A Schnorr signature of the form (s, e).
    */
-  public async constructSignature(msg: Uint8Array, privateKey: GrumpkinScalar) {
+  public async constructSignature(msg: Fr, privateKey: GrumpkinScalar) {
     await BarretenbergSync.initSingleton();
     const api = BarretenbergSync.getSingleton();
     const response = api.schnorrConstructSignature({
-      message: msg,
+      messageField: msg.toBuffer(),
       privateKey: privateKey.toBuffer(),
     });
     return new SchnorrSignature(Buffer.from([...response.s, ...response.e]));
   }
 
   /**
-   * Verifies a Schnorr signature given a Grumpkin public key.
-   * @param msg - Message over which the signature was constructed.
+   * Verifies a Schnorr signature against a Grumpkin public key.
+   * @param msg - The message hash, as a grumpkin base field element.
    * @param pubKey - The Grumpkin public key of the signer.
    * @param sig - The Schnorr signature.
    * @returns True or false.
    */
-  public async verifySignature(msg: Uint8Array, pubKey: Point, sig: SchnorrSignature) {
+  public async verifySignature(msg: Fr, pubKey: Point, sig: SchnorrSignature) {
     await BarretenbergSync.initSingleton();
     const api = BarretenbergSync.getSingleton();
     const response = api.schnorrVerifySignature({
-      message: msg,
+      messageField: msg.toBuffer(),
       publicKey: { x: pubKey.x.toBuffer(), y: pubKey.y.toBuffer() },
       s: sig.s,
       e: sig.e,

package/src/crypto/schnorr/signature.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
-import { randomBytes } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto/random';
 import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
-import { BufferReader, mapTuple } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
+import { mapTuple } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 
 import type { Signature } from '../signature/index.js';
 
@@ -14,46 +13,12 @@ export class SchnorrSignature implements Signature {
    */
   public static SIZE = 64;
 
-  /**
-   * An empty signature.
-   */
-  public static EMPTY = new SchnorrSignature(Buffer.alloc(64));
-
   constructor(private buffer: Buffer) {
     if (buffer.length !== SchnorrSignature.SIZE) {
       throw new Error(`Invalid signature buffer of length ${buffer.length}.`);
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Determines if the provided signature is valid or not.
-   * @param signature - The data to be checked.
-   * @returns Boolean indicating if the provided data is a valid schnorr signature.
-   */
-  public static isSignature(signature: string) {
-    return /^(0x)?[0-9a-f]{128}$/i.test(signature);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Constructs a SchnorrSignature from the provided string.
-   * @param signature - The string to be converted to a schnorr signature.
-   * @returns The constructed schnorr signature.
-   */
-  public static fromString(signature: string) {
-    if (!SchnorrSignature.isSignature(signature)) {
-      throw new Error(`Invalid signature string: ${signature}`);
-    }
-    return new SchnorrSignature(Buffer.from(signature.replace(/^0x/i, ''), 'hex'));
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Generates a random schnorr signature.
-   * @returns The randomly constructed signature.
-   */
-  public static random() {
-    return new SchnorrSignature(randomBytes(64));
-  }
-
   /**
    * Returns the 's' component of the signature.
    * @returns A buffer containing the signature's 's' component.
@@ -78,16 +43,6 @@ export class SchnorrSignature implements Signature {
     return this.buffer;
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Deserializes from a buffer.
-   * @param buffer - The buffer representation of the object.
-   * @returns The new object.
-   */
-  static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader): SchnorrSignature {
-    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-    return new SchnorrSignature(reader.readBytes(SchnorrSignature.SIZE));
-  }
-
   /**
    * Returns the full signature as a hex string.
    * @returns A string containing the signature in hex format.
@@ -113,4 +68,20 @@ export class SchnorrSignature implements Signature {
 
     return mapTuple([buf1, buf2, buf3], Fr.fromBuffer);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * Splits the signature into the four 128-bit limbs that Noir's `EmbeddedCurveScalar` consumes:
+   * `[s.lo, s.hi, e.lo, e.hi]`, where each component scalar is encoded as `lo + hi * 2^128`.
+   *
+   * Each 32-byte big-endian component is sliced into its top 16 bytes (`hi`) and bottom 16 bytes
+   * (`lo`); each half is zero-padded into a 32-byte buffer and decoded as `Fr` (big-endian).
+   */
+  toLimbFields(): [Fr, Fr, Fr, Fr] {
+    const limb = (start: number) => {
+      const buf = Buffer.alloc(32);
+      this.buffer.copy(buf, 16, start, start + 16);
+      return Fr.fromBuffer(buf);
+    };
+    return [limb(16), limb(0), limb(48), limb(32)];
+  }
 }

package/src/curves/bls12/field.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import { toBigIntBE, toBufferBE } from '../../bigint-buffer/index.js';
 import { randomBytes } from '../../crypto/random/index.js';
 import { hexSchemaFor } from '../../schemas/utils.js';
 import { BufferReader } from '../../serialize/buffer_reader.js';
-import { TypeRegistry } from '../../serialize/type_registry.js';
 import { Fr } from '../bn254/field.js';
 
 /**
@@ -323,9 +322,6 @@ export class BLS12Fr extends BLS12Field {
   }
 }
 
-// For deserializing JSON.
-TypeRegistry.register('BLS12Fr', BLS12Fr);
-
 /**
  * Fq field class.
  * @dev This class is used to represent elements of BLS12-381 base field.
@@ -458,6 +454,3 @@ export class BLS12Fq extends BLS12Field {
     return hexSchemaFor(BLS12Fq);
   }
 }
-
-// For deserializing JSON.
-TypeRegistry.register('BLS12Fq', BLS12Fq);

package/src/curves/bn254/field.ts

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ import { toBigIntBE, toBufferBE } from '../../bigint-buffer/index.js';
 import { randomBytes } from '../../crypto/random/index.js';
 import { hexSchemaFor } from '../../schemas/utils.js';
 import { BufferReader } from '../../serialize/buffer_reader.js';
-import { TypeRegistry } from '../../serialize/type_registry.js';
-
-/* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-declaration-merging */
+import type { BufferSink } from '../../serialize/buffer_sink.js';
 
 /**
  * Represents a field derived from BaseField.
@@ -67,10 +65,16 @@ abstract class BaseField {
   protected abstract modulus(): bigint;
 
   /**
-   * Converts the bigint to a Buffer.
+   * Converts the bigint to a Buffer. With a sink, streams the 32 big-endian bytes straight in (no allocation)
+   * and returns undefined; without one, returns a freshly allocated buffer.
    */
-  toBuffer(): Buffer {
-    return toBufferBE(this.asBigInt, 32);
+  toBuffer(): Buffer;
+  toBuffer(sink: BufferSink): void;
+  toBuffer(sink?: BufferSink): Buffer | void {
+    if (!sink) {
+      return toBufferBE(this.asBigInt, BaseField.SIZE_IN_BYTES);
+    }
+    sink.writeField(this.asBigInt);
   }
 
   toString(): `0x${string}` {
@@ -187,10 +191,25 @@ function fromHexString<T extends BaseField>(buf: string, f: DerivedField<T>) {
   return new f(toBigIntBE(buffer));
 }
 
-/** Branding to ensure fields are not interchangeable types. */
-export interface Fr {
-  /** Brand. */
-  _branding: 'Fr';
+/**
+ * Abstract unbranded base class for BN254 scalar field elements.
+ * Extend this instead of Fr when defining a branded subtype (e.g. BlockHash)
+ * to avoid inheriting Fr's `_branding`.
+ */
+export abstract class BaseFr extends BaseField {
+  static MODULUS = 0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n;
+
+  constructor(value: number | bigint | boolean | BaseField | Buffer) {
+    super(value);
+  }
+
+  protected modulus() {
+    return BaseFr.MODULUS;
+  }
+
+  toJSON() {
+    return this.toString();
+  }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -198,10 +217,12 @@ export interface Fr {
  * @dev This class is used to represent elements of BN254 scalar field or elements in the base field of Grumpkin.
  * (Grumpkin's scalar field corresponds to BN254's base field and vice versa.)
  */
-export class Fr extends BaseField {
+export class Fr extends BaseFr {
+  /** Branding for nominal typing. */
+  declare private readonly _branding: 'Fr';
+  static override MODULUS = 0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n;
   static ZERO = new Fr(0n);
   static ONE = new Fr(1n);
-  static MODULUS = 0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d2833e84879b9709143e1f593f0000001n;
   static MAX_FIELD_VALUE = new Fr(this.MODULUS - 1n);
 
   constructor(value: number | bigint | boolean | Fr | Buffer) {
@@ -212,10 +233,6 @@ export class Fr extends BaseField {
     return `Fr<${this.toString()}>`;
   }
 
-  protected modulus() {
-    return Fr.MODULUS;
-  }
-
   static random() {
     return random(Fr);
   }
@@ -320,10 +337,6 @@ export class Fr extends BaseField {
     return Fr.fromBuffer(Buffer.from(response.value));
   }
 
-  toJSON() {
-    return this.toString();
-  }
-
   /**
    * Creates an Fr instance from a plain object without Zod validation.
    * This method is optimized for performance and skips validation, making it suitable
@@ -345,23 +358,14 @@ export class Fr extends BaseField {
   }
 }
 
-// For deserializing JSON.
-TypeRegistry.register('Fr', Fr);
-
-/**
- * Branding to ensure fields are not interchangeable types.
- */
-export interface Fq {
-  /** Brand. */
-  _branding: 'Fq';
-}
-
 /**
  * Fq field class.
  * @dev This class is used to represent elements of BN254 base field or elements in the scalar field of Grumpkin.
  * (Grumpkin's scalar field corresponds to BN254's base field and vice versa.)
  */
 export class Fq extends BaseField {
+  /** Branding for nominal typing. */
+  declare private readonly _branding: 'Fq';
   static ZERO = new Fq(0n);
   static MODULUS = 0x30644e72e131a029b85045b68181585d97816a916871ca8d3c208c16d87cfd47n;
   private static HIGH_SHIFT = BigInt((BaseField.SIZE_IN_BYTES / 2) * 8);
@@ -470,9 +474,6 @@ export class Fq extends BaseField {
   }
 }
 
-// For deserializing JSON.
-TypeRegistry.register('Fq', Fq);
-
 // Beware: Performance bottleneck below
 
 /**

package/src/curves/grumpkin/point.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { toBigIntBE } from '../../bigint-buffer/index.js';
-import { poseidon2Hash } from '../../crypto/poseidon/index.js';
 import { randomBoolean } from '../../crypto/random/index.js';
 import { hexSchemaFor } from '../../schemas/utils.js';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader, serializeToBuffer } from '../../serialize/index.js';
@@ -13,13 +12,16 @@ import { Fr } from '../bn254/field.js';
  * TODO(#7386): Clean up this class.
  */
 export class Point {
-  static ZERO = new Point(Fr.ZERO, Fr.ZERO, false);
+  static INFINITY = new Point(Fr.ZERO, Fr.ZERO);
   static SIZE_IN_BYTES = Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES * 2;
   static COMPRESSED_SIZE_IN_BYTES = Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES;
 
   /** Used to differentiate this class from AztecAddress */
   public readonly kind = 'point';
 
+  /** Whether the point is at infinity */
+  public readonly isInfinite: boolean;
+
   constructor(
     /**
      * The point's x coordinate
@@ -29,12 +31,10 @@ export class Point {
      * The point's y coordinate
      */
     public readonly y: Fr,
-    /**
-     * Whether the point is at infinity
-     */
-    public readonly isInfinite: boolean,
   ) {
     // TODO(#7386): check if on curve
+    // NOTE: now there is no isInfinite in the struct, empty == inf, so an empty class would pass an on-curve check. This may be fine depending on the usage.
+    this.isInfinite = x.isZero() && y.isZero();
   }
 
   toJSON() {
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export class Point {
     if (obj instanceof Buffer || Buffer.isBuffer(obj)) {
       return Point.fromBuffer(obj);
     }
-    return new Point(Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.x), Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.y), obj.isInfinite ?? false);
+    return new this(Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.x), Fr.fromPlainObject(obj.y));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ export class Point {
    */
   static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader) {
     const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
-    return new this(Fr.fromBuffer(reader), Fr.fromBuffer(reader), false);
+    return new this(Fr.fromBuffer(reader), Fr.fromBuffer(reader));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -125,19 +125,17 @@ export class Point {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Returns the contents of the point as an array of 3 fields.
-   * @returns The point as an array of 3 fields
+   * Returns the contents of the point as an array of 2 fields.
+   * @returns The point as an array of 2 fields
    */
-  // TODO(F-553): Once we take the breaking change and drop the custom Noir `Point` wrapper in
-  // `noir-projects/noir-protocol-circuits/crates/types/src/point.nr`, revert this to serialize as `[x, y]` (2 fields)
-  // and drop the `is_infinite` flag from `fromFields` / `toNoirStruct` below.
   toFields() {
-    return [this.x, this.y, new Fr(this.isInfinite)];
+    return [this.x, this.y];
   }
 
   static fromFields(fields: Fr[] | FieldReader) {
     const reader = FieldReader.asReader(fields);
-    return new this(reader.readField(), reader.readField(), reader.readBoolean());
+    const [x, y] = [reader.readField(), reader.readField()];
+    return new this(x, y);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -162,11 +160,12 @@ export class Point {
     const finalY = sign ? new Fr(yPositiveBigInt) : new Fr(yNegativeBigInt);
 
     // Create and return the new Point
-    return new this(x, finalY, false);
+    return new this(x, finalY);
   }
 
   /**
-   * @returns
+   * @param x - The x coordinate of the point
+   * @returns y^2 such that y^2 = x^3 - 17
    */
   static YFromX(x: Fr): Promise<Fr | null> {
     // Calculate y^2 = x^3 - 17 (i.e. the Grumpkin curve equation)
@@ -194,24 +193,15 @@ export class Point {
     return {
       x: this.x.toBigInt(),
       y: this.y.toBigInt(),
-      isInfinite: this.isInfinite ? 1n : 0n,
     };
   }
 
   /**
    * Converts the Point instance to a Buffer representation of the coordinates.
    * @returns A Buffer representation of the Point instance.
-   * @dev Note that toBuffer does not include the isInfinite flag and other serialization methods do (e.g. toFields).
-   * This is because currently when we work with point as bytes we don't want to populate the extra bytes for
-   * isInfinite flag because:
-   * 1. Our Grumpkin BB API currently does not handle point at infinity,
-   * 2. we use toBuffer when serializing notes and events and there we only work with public keys and point at infinity
-   *   is not considered a valid public key and the extra byte would raise DA cost.
+   * @dev Note that toBuffer does not include the isInfinite flag. The point at infinity is serialized as (0, 0).
    */
   toBuffer() {
-    if (this.isInfinite) {
-      throw new Error('Cannot serialize infinite point with isInfinite flag');
-    }
     const buf = serializeToBuffer([this.x, this.y]);
     if (buf.length !== Point.SIZE_IN_BYTES) {
       throw new Error(`Invalid buffer length for Point: ${buf.length}`);
@@ -261,12 +251,10 @@ export class Point {
   }
 
   toNoirStruct() {
-    /* eslint-disable camelcase */
-    return { x: this.x, y: this.y, is_infinite: this.isInfinite };
-    /* eslint-enable camelcase */
+    return { x: this.x, y: this.y };
   }
 
-  // Used for IvpkM, OvpkM, NpkM and TpkM. TODO(#8124): Consider removing this method.
+  // Used for IvpkM. TODO(#8124): Consider removing this method.
   toWrappedNoirStruct() {
     return { inner: this.toNoirStruct() };
   }
@@ -286,21 +274,13 @@ export class Point {
     return this.x.isZero() && this.y.isZero();
   }
 
-  hash() {
-    return poseidon2Hash(this.toFields());
-  }
-
   /**
-   * Check if this is point at infinity.
-   * Check this is consistent with how bb is encoding the point at infinity
+   * @param x - The x coordinate of the point
+   * @param y - The y coordinate of the point
+   * @returns Whether the point exists on Grumpkin
    */
-  public get inf() {
-    return this.isInfinite;
-  }
-
-  isOnGrumpkin() {
-    // TODO: Check this against how bb handles curve check and infinity point check
-    if (this.inf) {
+  isOnCurve() {
+    if (this.isInfinite) {
       return true;
     }
 

package/src/eth-address/index.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import { randomBytes } from '../crypto/random/index.js';
 import { Fr } from '../curves/bn254/index.js';
 import { hexSchemaFor } from '../schemas/utils.js';
 import { BufferReader, FieldReader } from '../serialize/index.js';
-import { TypeRegistry } from '../serialize/type_registry.js';
 import { bufferToHex } from '../string/index.js';
 
 /**
@@ -268,6 +267,3 @@ export class EthAddress {
     return addrA.equals(addrB);
   }
 }
-
-// For deserializing JSON.
-TypeRegistry.register('EthAddress', EthAddress);

package/src/fifo/fifo_frame_reader.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import EventEmitter from 'node:events';
+import * as fs from 'node:fs';
+import * as net from 'node:net';
+import type { Readable } from 'node:stream';
+
+/**
+ * Events emitted by FifoFrameReader.
+ *
+ * - `frame`: A complete frame payload (without the 4-byte length header).
+ * - `error`: An unrecoverable error (invalid frame length, stream error).
+ * - `end`: The underlying stream has ended.
+ */
+export interface FifoFrameReaderEvents {
+  frame: [payload: Buffer];
+  error: [error: Error];
+  end: [];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads length-delimited frames from a readable stream (typically a named FIFO pipe).
+ *
+ * Wire format: `[4-byte big-endian payload length][payload bytes]`
+ *
+ * Emits a `frame` event for each complete frame with the raw payload buffer.
+ * Callers are responsible for deserializing the payload (e.g., via msgpack).
+ *
+ * On encountering an invalid payload length (0 or >maxPayloadSize), emits `error`
+ * and destroys the stream.
+ */
+export class FifoFrameReader extends EventEmitter<FifoFrameReaderEvents> {
+  private stream: Readable | null = null;
+  private pendingBuf: Buffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
+  private running = false;
+
+  constructor(private readonly maxPayloadSize = 10 * 1024 * 1024) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  /** Open a FIFO at the given path and start reading frames. */
+  start(fifoPath: string): void {
+    // Read the FIFO through a libuv pipe handle (net.Socket) rather than fs.createReadStream.
+    // An fs read stream services the pipe with a blocking threadpool read that destroy() cannot
+    // cancel: if a writer never closes, that read stays parked and keeps the host process alive
+    // (manifesting as Jest "did not exit"). Opening O_NONBLOCK and wrapping the fd in a pipe
+    // handle makes reads epoll-based, so stop()'s destroy() releases the handle immediately,
+    // regardless of whether the writer is still attached.
+    const fd = fs.openSync(fifoPath, fs.constants.O_RDONLY | fs.constants.O_NONBLOCK);
+    let socket: net.Socket;
+    try {
+      socket = new net.Socket({ fd, readable: true, writable: false });
+    } catch (err) {
+      fs.closeSync(fd);
+      throw err;
+    }
+    this.startFromStream(socket);
+  }
+
+  /** Start reading frames from an existing readable stream. */
+  startFromStream(stream: Readable): void {
+    if (this.running) {
+      throw new Error('FifoFrameReader is already running');
+    }
+    this.running = true;
+    this.pendingBuf = Buffer.alloc(0);
+    this.stream = stream;
+
+    stream.on('data', (chunk: Buffer | string) => {
+      const buf = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk);
+      this.pendingBuf = this.pendingBuf.length > 0 ? Buffer.concat([this.pendingBuf, buf]) : buf;
+      this.drainFrames();
+    });
+
+    stream.on('error', (err: Error) => {
+      if (this.running) {
+        this.emit('error', err);
+      }
+    });
+
+    stream.on('end', () => {
+      this.emit('end');
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Stop reading and destroy the underlying stream. */
+  stop(): void {
+    this.running = false;
+    if (this.stream) {
+      this.stream.destroy();
+      this.stream = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Parse complete frames out of the pending buffer. */
+  private drainFrames(): void {
+    while (this.pendingBuf.length >= 4) {
+      const payloadLen = this.pendingBuf.readUInt32BE(0);
+      if (payloadLen === 0 || payloadLen > this.maxPayloadSize) {
+        this.emit('error', new Error(`Invalid payload length: ${payloadLen}`));
+        this.stop();
+        return;
+      }
+
+      const frameLen = 4 + payloadLen;
+      if (this.pendingBuf.length < frameLen) {
+        break; // Wait for more data
+      }
+
+      const payload = this.pendingBuf.subarray(4, frameLen);
+      this.pendingBuf = this.pendingBuf.subarray(frameLen);
+      this.emit('frame', Buffer.from(payload));
+    }
+  }
+}

package/src/fifo/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { FifoFrameReader } from './fifo_frame_reader.js';

package/src/fifo_set/fifo_set.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/** A Set capped to a fixed number of entries, evicting the oldest inserted value when full. */
+export class FifoSet<T> extends Set<T> {
+  private _limit: number | undefined;
+
+  private constructor(values?: Iterable<T>) {
+    super(values);
+  }
+
+  /** Creates a bounded set with a positive integer limit. */
+  static withLimit<T>(limit: number, values?: Iterable<T>): FifoSet<T> {
+    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(limit) || limit <= 0) {
+      throw new TypeError(`FifoSet limit must be a positive safe integer: ${limit}`);
+    }
+
+    const set = new FifoSet(values);
+    set._limit = limit;
+    set.compact();
+
+    return set;
+  }
+
+  override add(value: T): this {
+    super.add(value);
+    this.compact();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /** Maximum number of entries retained by this set. */
+  public get limit(): number {
+    return this._limit ?? Infinity;
+  }
+
+  /** Evicts oldest entries until the set is within its limit. */
+  public compact(): void {
+    while (this.size > this.limit) {
+      const head = this.values().next();
+      if (head.done) {
+        return;
+      }
+      this.delete(head.value);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Adds a value only if it is absent, returning whether the set changed. */
+  public addIfAbsent(value: T): boolean {
+    if (this.has(value)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this.add(value);
+    return true;
+  }
+}

package/src/fifo_set/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export * from './fifo_set.js';

package/src/jest/setup.mjs

@@ -10,3 +10,30 @@ import pretty from 'pino-pretty';
 if (!parseBooleanEnv(process.env.LOG_JSON)) {
   overwriteLoggingStream(pretty(pinoPrettyOpts));
 }
+
+// Prevent timers from keeping the process alive after tests complete.
+// Libraries like viem create internal polling loops (via setTimeout) that
+// reschedule themselves indefinitely. In test environments we never want a
+// timer to be the reason the process can't exit. We also unref stdout/stderr
+// which, when they are pipes (as in Jest workers), remain ref'd by default.
+{
+  const origSetTimeout = globalThis.setTimeout;
+  const origSetInterval = globalThis.setInterval;
+  globalThis.setTimeout = function unrefSetTimeout(...args) {
+    const id = origSetTimeout.apply(this, args);
+    id?.unref?.();
+    return id;
+  };
+  // Preserve .unref, .__promisify__ etc. that may exist on the original
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(globalThis.setTimeout, origSetTimeout);
+
+  globalThis.setInterval = function unrefSetInterval(...args) {
+    const id = origSetInterval.apply(this, args);
+    id?.unref?.();
+    return id;
+  };
+  Object.setPrototypeOf(globalThis.setInterval, origSetInterval);
+
+  if (process.stdout?._handle?.unref) process.stdout._handle.unref();
+  if (process.stderr?._handle?.unref) process.stderr._handle.unref();
+}