@aztec/ethereum 0.0.1-commit.d6f2b3f94 → 0.0.1-commit.db765a8

package/src/l1_tx_utils/l1_tx_utils.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+import type { BlobKzgInstance } from '@aztec/blob-lib/types';
 import { maxBigint } from '@aztec/foundation/bigint';
 import { merge, pick } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { InterruptError, TimeoutError } from '@aztec/foundation/error';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
-import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
@@ -13,16 +14,13 @@ import {
   type Abi,
   type BlockOverrides,
   type Hex,
-  type NonceManager,
   type PrepareTransactionRequestRequest,
   type StateOverride,
   type TransactionReceipt,
   type TransactionSerializable,
-  createNonceManager,
   formatGwei,
   serializeTransaction,
 } from 'viem';
-import { jsonRpc } from 'viem/nonce';
 
 import type { ViemClient } from '../types.js';
 import { formatViemError } from '../utils.js';
@@ -30,6 +28,7 @@ import { type L1TxUtilsConfig, l1TxUtilsConfigMappings } from './config.js';
 import { MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT } from './constants.js';
 import type { IL1TxMetrics, IL1TxStore } from './interfaces.js';
 import { ReadOnlyL1TxUtils } from './readonly_l1_tx_utils.js';
+import { Delayer, createDelayer, wrapClientWithDelayer } from './tx_delayer.js';
 import {
   DroppedTransactionError,
   type L1BlobInputs,
@@ -45,8 +44,13 @@ import {
 const MAX_L1_TX_STATES = 32;
 
 export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
-  protected nonceManager: NonceManager;
   protected txs: L1TxState[] = [];
+  /** Last nonce successfully sent to the chain. Used as a lower bound when a fallback RPC node returns a stale count. */
+  private lastSentNonce: number | undefined;
+  /** Tx delayer for testing. Only set when enableDelayer config is true. */
+  public delayer?: Delayer;
+  /** KZG instance for blob operations. */
+  protected kzg?: BlobKzgInstance;
 
   constructor(
     public override client: ViemClient,
@@ -58,9 +62,25 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     debugMaxGasLimit: boolean = false,
     protected store?: IL1TxStore,
     protected metrics?: IL1TxMetrics,
+    kzg?: BlobKzgInstance,
+    delayer?: Delayer,
   ) {
     super(client, logger, dateProvider, config, debugMaxGasLimit);
-    this.nonceManager = createNonceManager({ source: jsonRpc() });
+    this.kzg = kzg;
+
+    // Set up delayer: use provided one or create new
+    if (config?.enableDelayer && config?.ethereumSlotDuration) {
+      this.delayer =
+        delayer ?? this.createDelayer({ ethereumSlotDuration: config.ethereumSlotDuration }, logger.getBindings());
+      this.client = wrapClientWithDelayer(this.client, this.delayer);
+      if (config.txDelayerMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot !== undefined) {
+        this.delayer.setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(config.txDelayerMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot);
+      }
+    } else if (delayer) {
+      // Delayer provided but enableDelayer not set — just store it without wrapping
+      logger.warn('Delayer provided but enableDelayer config is not set; delayer will not be used');
+      this.delayer = delayer;
+    }
   }
 
   public get state() {
@@ -87,6 +107,11 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
       this.metrics?.recordMinedTx(l1TxState, new Date(l1Timestamp));
     } else if (newState === TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED) {
       this.metrics?.recordDroppedTx(l1TxState);
+      // The tx was dropped: the chain nonce reverted to l1TxState.nonce, so our lower bound is
+      // no longer valid. Clear it so the next send fetches the real nonce from the chain.
+      if (this.lastSentNonce === l1TxState.nonce) {
+        this.lastSentNonce = undefined;
+      }
     }
 
     // Update state in the store
@@ -221,15 +246,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         throw new InterruptError(`Transaction sending is interrupted`);
       }
 
-      const nonce = await this.nonceManager.consume({
-        client: this.client,
-        address: account,
-        chainId: this.client.chain.id,
-      });
-
-      const baseState = { request, gasLimit, blobInputs, gasPrice, nonce };
-      const txData = this.makeTxData(baseState, { isCancelTx: false });
-
       const now = new Date(await this.getL1Timestamp());
       if (gasConfig.txTimeoutAt && now > gasConfig.txTimeoutAt) {
         throw new TimeoutError(
@@ -237,9 +253,20 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         );
       }
 
+      const chainNonce = await this.client.getTransactionCount({ address: account, blockTag: 'pending' });
+      // If a fallback RPC node returns a stale count (lower than what we last sent), use our
+      // local lower bound to avoid sending a duplicate of an already-pending transaction.
+      const nonce =
+        this.lastSentNonce !== undefined && chainNonce <= this.lastSentNonce ? this.lastSentNonce + 1 : chainNonce;
+
+      const baseState = { request, gasLimit, blobInputs, gasPrice, nonce };
+      const txData = this.makeTxData(baseState, { isCancelTx: false });
+
       // Send the new tx
       const signedRequest = await this.prepareSignedTransaction(txData);
       const txHash = await this.client.sendRawTransaction({ serializedTransaction: signedRequest });
+      // Update after tx is sent successfully
+      this.lastSentNonce = nonce;
 
       // Create the new state for monitoring
       const l1TxState: L1TxState = {
@@ -423,7 +450,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             { nonce, account, pendingNonce, timePassed },
           );
           await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-          this.nonceManager.reset({ address: account, chainId: this.client.chain.id });
           throw new DroppedTransactionError(nonce, account);
         }
 
@@ -515,12 +541,7 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
 
     // Oh no, the transaction has timed out!
     if (isCancelTx || !gasConfig.cancelTxOnTimeout) {
-      // If this was already a cancellation tx, or we are configured to not cancel txs, we just mark it as NOT_MINED
-      // and reset the nonce manager, so the next tx that comes along can reuse the nonce if/when this tx gets dropped.
-      // This is the nastiest scenario for us, since the new tx could acquire the next nonce, but then this tx is dropped,
-      // and the new tx would never get mined. Eventually, the new tx would also drop.
       await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-      this.nonceManager.reset({ address: account, chainId: this.client.chain.id });
     } else {
       // Otherwise we fire the cancellation without awaiting to avoid blocking the caller,
       // and monitor it in the background so we can speed it up as needed.
@@ -659,7 +680,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         { nonce, account },
       );
       await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-      this.nonceManager.reset({ address: account, chainId: this.client.chain.id });
       return;
     }
 
@@ -671,7 +691,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         { nonce, account, currentNonce },
       );
       await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-      this.nonceManager.reset({ address: account, chainId: this.client.chain.id });
       return;
     }
 
@@ -731,8 +750,17 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     return Number(timestamp) * 1000;
   }
 
-  /** Makes empty blob inputs for the cancellation tx. To be overridden in L1TxUtilsWithBlobs. */
-  protected makeEmptyBlobInputs(_maxFeePerBlobGas: bigint): Required<L1BlobInputs> {
-    throw new Error('Cannot make empty blob inputs for cancellation');
+  /** Makes empty blob inputs for the cancellation tx. */
+  protected makeEmptyBlobInputs(maxFeePerBlobGas: bigint): Required<L1BlobInputs> {
+    if (!this.kzg) {
+      throw new Error('Cannot make empty blob inputs for cancellation without kzg');
+    }
+    const blobData = new Uint8Array(131072).fill(0);
+    return { blobs: [blobData], kzg: this.kzg, maxFeePerBlobGas };
+  }
+
+  /** Creates a new delayer instance. */
+  protected createDelayer(opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number }, bindings: LoggerBindings): Delayer {
+    return createDelayer(this.dateProvider, opts, bindings);
   }
 }

package/src/{test → l1_tx_utils}/tx_delayer.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { omit } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
-import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 
@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ import {
   type Hex,
   type PublicClient,
   type TransactionSerializableEIP4844,
+  type TransactionSerialized,
   keccak256,
   parseTransaction,
   publicActions,
+  recoverTransactionAddress,
   serializeTransaction,
   walletActions,
 } from 'viem';
 
-import { type ViemClient, isExtendedClient } from '../types.js';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient, ViemClient } from '../types.js';
 
 const MAX_WAIT_TIME_SECONDS = 180;
 
@@ -73,82 +75,98 @@ export function waitUntilL1Timestamp<T extends Client>(
   );
 }
 
-export interface Delayer {
-  /** Returns the hashes of all effectively sent txs. */
-  getSentTxHashes(): Hex[];
-  /** Returns the raw hex for all cancelled txs. */
-  getCancelledTxs(): Hex[];
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given L1 block number. */
-  pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given timestamp. */
-  pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent indefinitely. */
-  cancelNextTx(): void;
-  /**
-   * Sets max inclusion time into slot. If more than this many seconds have passed
-   * since the last L1 block was mined, then any tx will not be mined in the current
-   * L1 slot but will be deferred for the next one.
-   */
-  setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(seconds: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-}
+/** Manages tx delaying for testing, intercepting sendRawTransaction calls to delay or cancel them. */
+export class Delayer {
+  private logger: Logger;
+
+  public maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot: number | undefined = undefined;
+  public ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
+  public nextWait: { l1Timestamp: bigint } | { l1BlockNumber: bigint } | { indefinitely: true } | undefined = undefined;
+  public sentTxHashes: Hex[] = [];
+  public cancelledTxs: Hex[] = [];
 
-class DelayerImpl implements Delayer {
-  private logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer');
   constructor(
     public dateProvider: DateProvider,
     opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
+    bindings: LoggerBindings,
   ) {
     this.ethereumSlotDuration = BigInt(opts.ethereumSlotDuration);
+    this.logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer', bindings);
   }
 
-  public maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot: number | undefined = undefined;
-  public ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
-  public nextWait: { l1Timestamp: bigint } | { l1BlockNumber: bigint } | { indefinitely: true } | undefined = undefined;
-  public sentTxHashes: Hex[] = [];
-  public cancelledTxs: Hex[] = [];
+  /** Returns the logger instance used by this delayer. */
+  getLogger(): Logger {
+    return this.logger;
+  }
 
+  /** Returns the hashes of all effectively sent txs. */
   getSentTxHashes() {
     return this.sentTxHashes;
   }
 
+  /** Returns the raw hex for all cancelled txs. */
   getCancelledTxs(): Hex[] {
     return this.cancelledTxs;
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given L1 block number. */
   pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint) {
     this.nextWait = { l1BlockNumber: BigInt(l1BlockNumber) };
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given timestamp. */
   pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint) {
     this.nextWait = { l1Timestamp: BigInt(l1Timestamp) };
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent indefinitely. */
   cancelNextTx() {
     this.nextWait = { indefinitely: true };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sets max inclusion time into slot. If more than this many seconds have passed
+   * since the last L1 block was mined, then any tx will not be mined in the current
+   * L1 slot but will be deferred for the next one.
+   */
   setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(seconds: number | undefined) {
     this.maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot = seconds;
   }
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns a new client (without modifying the one passed in) with an injected tx delayer.
- * The delayer can be used to hold off the next tx to be sent until a given block number.
- * TODO(#10824): This doesn't play along well with blob txs for some reason.
+ * Creates a new Delayer instance. Exposed so callers can create a single shared delayer
+ * and pass it to multiple `wrapClientWithDelayer` calls.
  */
-export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
-  client: T,
+export function createDelayer(
   dateProvider: DateProvider,
   opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
-): { client: T; delayer: Delayer } {
-  if (!isExtendedClient(client)) {
-    throw new Error('withDelayer has to be instantiated with a wallet viem client.');
+  bindings: LoggerBindings,
+): Delayer {
+  return new Delayer(dateProvider, opts, bindings);
+}
+
+/** Tries to recover the sender address from a serialized signed transaction. */
+async function tryRecoverSender(serializedTransaction: Hex): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  try {
+    return await recoverTransactionAddress({
+      serializedTransaction: serializedTransaction as TransactionSerialized,
+    });
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
   }
-  const logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer');
-  const delayer = new DelayerImpl(dateProvider, opts);
+}
 
-  const extended = client
+/**
+ * Wraps a viem client with tx delaying logic. Returns the wrapped client.
+ * The delayer intercepts sendRawTransaction calls and delays them based on the delayer's state.
+ */
+export function wrapClientWithDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(client: T, delayer: Delayer): T {
+  const logger = delayer.getLogger();
+
+  // Cast to ExtendedViemWalletClient for the extend chain since it has sendRawTransaction.
+  // The sendRawTransaction override is applied to all clients regardless of type.
+  const withRawTx = (client as unknown as ExtendedViemWalletClient)
     // Tweak sendRawTransaction so it uses the delay defined in the delayer.
     // Note that this will only work with local accounts (ie accounts for which we have the private key).
     // Transactions signed by the node will not be delayed since they use sendTransaction directly,
@@ -160,6 +178,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
         const { serializedTransaction } = args[0];
         const publicClient = client as unknown as PublicClient;
+        const sender = await tryRecoverSender(serializedTransaction);
 
         if (delayer.nextWait !== undefined) {
           // Check if we have been instructed to delay the next tx.
@@ -171,7 +190,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
           // Cancel tx outright if instructed
           if ('indefinitely' in waitUntil && waitUntil.indefinitely) {
-            logger.info(`Cancelling tx ${txHash}`);
+            logger.info(`Cancelling tx ${txHash}`, { sender });
             delayer.cancelledTxs.push(serializedTransaction);
             return Promise.resolve(txHash);
           }
@@ -185,6 +204,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
                 : undefined;
 
           logger.info(`Delaying tx ${txHash} until ${inspect(waitUntil)}`, {
+            sender,
             argsLen: args.length,
             ...omit(parseTransaction(serializedTransaction), 'data', 'sidecars'),
           });
@@ -196,6 +216,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
           txHash = computeTxHash(serializedTransaction);
           const logData = {
+            sender,
             ...omit(parseTransaction(serializedTransaction), 'data', 'sidecars'),
             lastBlockTimestamp,
             now,
@@ -225,28 +246,35 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
                   computedTxHash: txHash,
                 });
               }
-              logger.info(`Sent previously delayed tx ${clientTxHash}`);
+              logger.info(`Sent previously delayed tx ${clientTxHash}`, { sender });
               delayer.sentTxHashes.push(clientTxHash);
             })
             .catch(err => logger.error(`Error sending tx after delay`, err));
           return Promise.resolve(txHash!);
         } else {
           const txHash = await client.sendRawTransaction(...args);
-          logger.debug(`Sent tx immediately ${txHash}`);
+          logger.debug(`Sent tx immediately ${txHash}`, { sender });
           delayer.sentTxHashes.push(txHash);
           return txHash;
         }
       },
-    }))
-    // Re-extend with sendTransaction so it uses the modified sendRawTransaction.
-    .extend(client => ({ sendTransaction: walletActions(client).sendTransaction }))
-    // And with the actions that depend on the modified sendTransaction
-    .extend(client => ({
-      writeContract: walletActions(client).writeContract,
-      deployContract: walletActions(client).deployContract,
-    })) as T;
+    }));
+
+  // Only re-bind wallet actions (sendTransaction, writeContract, deployContract) for wallet clients.
+  // This is needed for tests that use wallet actions directly rather than sendRawTransaction.
+  const isWalletClient = 'account' in client && client.account !== undefined;
+  const extended = isWalletClient
+    ? withRawTx
+        // Re-extend with sendTransaction so it uses the modified sendRawTransaction.
+        .extend(client => ({ sendTransaction: walletActions(client).sendTransaction }))
+        // And with the actions that depend on the modified sendTransaction
+        .extend(client => ({
+          writeContract: walletActions(client).writeContract,
+          deployContract: walletActions(client).deployContract,
+        }))
+    : withRawTx;
 
-  return { client: extended, delayer };
+  return extended as T;
 }
 
 /**

package/src/test/index.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-export * from './delayed_tx_utils.js';
 export * from './eth_cheat_codes.js';
 export * from './eth_cheat_codes_with_state.js';
 export * from './start_anvil.js';
-export * from './tx_delayer.js';
 export * from './upgrade_utils.js';
 export * from './chain_monitor.js';
 export * from './rollup_cheat_codes.js';

package/src/test/start_anvil.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,17 @@ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { fileURLToPath } from '@aztec/foundation/url';
 
-import { type Anvil, createAnvil } from '@viem/anvil';
+import { type ChildProcess, spawn } from 'child_process';
 import { dirname, resolve } from 'path';
 
+/** Minimal interface matching the @viem/anvil Anvil shape used by callers. */
+export interface Anvil {
+  readonly port: number;
+  readonly host: string;
+  readonly status: 'listening' | 'idle';
+  stop(): Promise<void>;
+}
+
 /**
  * Ensures there's a running Anvil instance and returns the RPC URL.
  */
@@ -16,7 +24,7 @@ export async function startAnvil(
     captureMethodCalls?: boolean;
     accounts?: number;
     chainId?: number;
-    /** The hardfork to use - note: @viem/anvil types are out of date but 'cancun' and 'latest' work */
+    /** The hardfork to use (e.g. 'cancun', 'latest'). */
     hardfork?: string;
   } = {},
 ): Promise<{ anvil: Anvil; methodCalls?: string[]; rpcUrl: string; stop: () => Promise<void> }> {
@@ -24,48 +32,157 @@ export async function startAnvil(
   const logger = opts.log ? createLogger('ethereum:anvil') : undefined;
   const methodCalls = opts.captureMethodCalls ? ([] as string[]) : undefined;
 
-  let port: number | undefined;
+  let detectedPort: number | undefined;
 
-  // Start anvil.
-  // We go via a wrapper script to ensure if the parent dies, anvil dies.
   const anvil = await retry(
     async () => {
-      const anvil = createAnvil({
-        anvilBinary,
-        host: '127.0.0.1',
-        port: opts.port ?? (process.env.ANVIL_PORT ? parseInt(process.env.ANVIL_PORT) : 8545),
-        blockTime: opts.l1BlockTime,
-        stopTimeout: 1000,
-        accounts: opts.accounts ?? 20,
-        gasLimit: 45_000_000n,
-        chainId: opts.chainId ?? 31337,
+      const port = opts.port ?? (process.env.ANVIL_PORT ? parseInt(process.env.ANVIL_PORT) : 8545);
+      const args: string[] = [
+        '--host',
+        '127.0.0.1',
+        '--port',
+        String(port),
+        '--accounts',
+        String(opts.accounts ?? 20),
+        '--gas-limit',
+        String(45_000_000),
+        '--chain-id',
+        String(opts.chainId ?? 31337),
+      ];
+      if (opts.l1BlockTime !== undefined) {
+        args.push('--block-time', String(opts.l1BlockTime));
+      }
+      if (opts.hardfork !== undefined) {
+        args.push('--hardfork', opts.hardfork);
+      }
+
+      const child = spawn(anvilBinary, args, {
+        stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+        env: { ...process.env, RAYON_NUM_THREADS: '1' },
       });
 
-      // Listen to the anvil output to get the port.
-      const removeHandler = anvil.on('message', (message: string) => {
-        logger?.debug(message.trim());
+      // Wait for "Listening on" or an early exit.
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+        let stderr = '';
+
+        const onStdout = (data: Buffer) => {
+          const text = data.toString();
+          logger?.debug(text.trim());
+          methodCalls?.push(...(text.match(/eth_[^\s]+/g) || []));
 
-        methodCalls?.push(...(message.match(/eth_[^\s]+/g) || []));
-        if (port === undefined && message.includes('Listening on')) {
-          port = parseInt(message.match(/Listening on ([^:]+):(\d+)/)![2]);
-        }
+          if (detectedPort === undefined && text.includes('Listening on')) {
+            const match = text.match(/Listening on ([^:]+):(\d+)/);
+            if (match) {
+              detectedPort = parseInt(match[2]);
+            }
+          }
+          if (detectedPort !== undefined) {
+            child.stdout?.removeListener('data', onStdout);
+            child.stderr?.removeListener('data', onStderr);
+            child.removeListener('close', onClose);
+            resolve();
+          }
+        };
+
+        const onStderr = (data: Buffer) => {
+          stderr += data.toString();
+          logger?.debug(data.toString().trim());
+        };
+
+        const onClose = (code: number | null) => {
+          child.stdout?.removeListener('data', onStdout);
+          child.stderr?.removeListener('data', onStderr);
+          reject(new Error(`Anvil exited with code ${code} before listening. stderr: ${stderr}`));
+        };
+
+        child.stdout?.on('data', onStdout);
+        child.stderr?.on('data', onStderr);
+        child.once('close', onClose);
       });
-      await anvil.start();
-      if (!logger && !opts.captureMethodCalls) {
-        removeHandler();
+
+      // Continue piping for logging / method-call capture after startup.
+      if (logger || opts.captureMethodCalls) {
+        child.stdout?.on('data', (data: Buffer) => {
+          const text = data.toString();
+          logger?.debug(text.trim());
+          methodCalls?.push(...(text.match(/eth_[^\s]+/g) || []));
+        });
+        child.stderr?.on('data', (data: Buffer) => {
+          logger?.debug(data.toString().trim());
+        });
+      } else {
+        // Consume streams so the child process doesn't block on full pipe buffers.
+        child.stdout?.resume();
+        child.stderr?.resume();
       }
 
-      return anvil;
+      return child;
     },
     'Start anvil',
     makeBackoff([5, 5, 5]),
   );
 
-  if (!port) {
+  if (!detectedPort) {
     throw new Error('Failed to start anvil');
   }
 
-  // Monkeypatch the anvil instance to include the actually assigned port
-  // Object.defineProperty(anvil, 'port', { value: port, writable: false });
-  return { anvil, methodCalls, stop: () => anvil.stop(), rpcUrl: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}` };
+  const port = detectedPort;
+  let status: 'listening' | 'idle' = 'listening';
+
+  anvil.once('close', () => {
+    status = 'idle';
+  });
+
+  const stop = async () => {
+    if (status === 'idle') {
+      return;
+    }
+    await killChild(anvil);
+  };
+
+  const anvilObj: Anvil = {
+    port,
+    host: '127.0.0.1',
+    get status() {
+      return status;
+    },
+    stop,
+  };
+
+  return { anvil: anvilObj, methodCalls, stop, rpcUrl: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}` };
+}
+
+/** Send SIGTERM, wait up to 5 s, then SIGKILL. All timers are always cleared. */
+function killChild(child: ChildProcess): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+    if (child.exitCode !== null || child.killed) {
+      child.stdout?.destroy();
+      child.stderr?.destroy();
+      resolve();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let killTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
+
+    const onClose = () => {
+      if (killTimer !== undefined) {
+        clearTimeout(killTimer);
+      }
+      // Destroy stdio streams so their PipeWrap handles don't keep the event loop alive.
+      child.stdout?.destroy();
+      child.stderr?.destroy();
+      resolve();
+    };
+
+    child.once('close', onClose);
+    child.kill('SIGTERM');
+
+    killTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      killTimer = undefined;
+      child.kill('SIGKILL');
+    }, 5000);
+
+    // Ensure the timer does not prevent Node from exiting.
+    killTimer.unref();
+  });
 }

package/src/test/upgrade_utils.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import { type GetContractReturnType, type PrivateKeyAccount, getContract } from
 
 import { extractProposalIdFromLogs } from '../contracts/governance.js';
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '../l1_contract_addresses.js';
-import { createL1TxUtilsFromViemWallet } from '../l1_tx_utils/index.js';
+import { createL1TxUtils } from '../l1_tx_utils/index.js';
 import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient, ViemPublicClient } from '../types.js';
 import { EthCheatCodes } from './eth_cheat_codes.js';
 
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ export async function executeGovernanceProposal(
 ) {
   const proposal = await governance.read.getProposal([proposalId]);
 
-  const l1TxUtils = createL1TxUtilsFromViemWallet(l1Client);
+  const l1TxUtils = createL1TxUtils(l1Client);
 
   const waitL1Block = async () => {
     await l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction({