@aztec/ethereum 0.0.1-commit.d3ec352c → 0.0.1-commit.d58ff9d0

package/src/l1_tx_utils/readonly_l1_tx_utils.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-import { getKeys, median, merge, pick, times } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import { getKeys, merge, pick, times } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { getErrorCause } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/RollupAbi';
 
 import pickBy from 'lodash.pickby';
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ import {
   type BaseError,
   type BlockOverrides,
   type ContractFunctionExecutionError,
+  type GetCodeReturnType,
   type Hex,
   MethodNotFoundRpcError,
   MethodNotSupportedRpcError,
@@ -25,15 +28,17 @@ import type { ViemClient } from '../types.js';
 import { type L1TxUtilsConfig, defaultL1TxUtilsConfig, l1TxUtilsConfigMappings } from './config.js';
 import {
   BLOCK_TIME_MS,
-  LARGE_GAS_LIMIT,
+  MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT,
   MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE,
   MIN_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE,
   WEI_CONST,
 } from './constants.js';
+import { P75AllTxsPriorityFeeStrategy, type PriorityFeeStrategy } from './fee-strategies/index.js';
 import type { GasPrice, L1BlobInputs, L1TxRequest, TransactionStats } from './types.js';
 import { getCalldataGasUsage, tryGetCustomErrorNameContractFunction } from './utils.js';
 
-const HISTORICAL_BLOCK_COUNT = 5;
+// Change this to the current strategy we want to use
+const CurrentStrategy: PriorityFeeStrategy = P75AllTxsPriorityFeeStrategy;
 
 export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
   public config: Required<L1TxUtilsConfig>;
@@ -65,122 +70,8 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     return this.client.getBlockNumber();
   }
 
-  /**
-   * Analyzes pending transactions and recent fee history to determine a competitive priority fee.
-   * Falls back to network estimate if data is unavailable or fails.
-   * @param networkEstimateResult - Result from estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas RPC call
-   * @param pendingBlockResult - Result from getBlock with pending tag RPC call
-   * @param feeHistoryResult - Result from getFeeHistory RPC call
-   * @returns A competitive priority fee based on pending txs and recent block history
-   */
-  protected getCompetitivePriorityFee(
-    networkEstimateResult: PromiseSettledResult<bigint | null>,
-    pendingBlockResult: PromiseSettledResult<Awaited<ReturnType<ViemClient['getBlock']>> | null>,
-    feeHistoryResult: PromiseSettledResult<Awaited<ReturnType<ViemClient['getFeeHistory']>> | null>,
-  ): bigint {
-    const networkEstimate =
-      networkEstimateResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof networkEstimateResult.value === 'bigint'
-        ? networkEstimateResult.value
-        : 0n;
-    let competitiveFee = networkEstimate;
-
-    if (
-      pendingBlockResult.status === 'fulfilled' &&
-      pendingBlockResult.value !== null &&
-      pendingBlockResult.value.transactions &&
-      pendingBlockResult.value.transactions.length > 0
-    ) {
-      const pendingBlock = pendingBlockResult.value;
-      // Extract priority fees from pending transactions
-      const pendingFees = pendingBlock.transactions
-        .map(tx => {
-          // Transaction can be just a hash string, so we need to check if it's an object
-          if (typeof tx === 'string') {
-            return 0n;
-          }
-          const fee = tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas || 0n;
-          // Debug: Log suspicious fees
-          if (fee > 100n * WEI_CONST) {
-            this.logger?.warn('Suspicious high priority fee in pending tx', {
-              txHash: tx.hash,
-              maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(fee),
-              maxFeePerGas: formatGwei(tx.maxFeePerGas || 0n),
-              maxFeePerBlobGas: tx.maxFeePerBlobGas ? formatGwei(tx.maxFeePerBlobGas) : 'N/A',
-            });
-          }
-          return fee;
-        })
-        .filter((fee: bigint) => fee > 0n);
-
-      if (pendingFees.length > 0) {
-        // Use 75th percentile of pending fees to be competitive
-        const sortedPendingFees = [...pendingFees].sort((a, b) => (a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0));
-        const percentile75Index = Math.floor((sortedPendingFees.length - 1) * 0.75);
-        const pendingCompetitiveFee = sortedPendingFees[percentile75Index];
-
-        if (pendingCompetitiveFee > competitiveFee) {
-          competitiveFee = pendingCompetitiveFee;
-        }
-
-        this.logger?.debug('Analyzed pending transactions for competitive pricing', {
-          pendingTxCount: pendingFees.length,
-          pendingP75: formatGwei(pendingCompetitiveFee),
-        });
-      }
-    }
-    if (
-      feeHistoryResult.status === 'fulfilled' &&
-      feeHistoryResult.value !== null &&
-      feeHistoryResult.value.reward &&
-      feeHistoryResult.value.reward.length > 0
-    ) {
-      const feeHistory = feeHistoryResult.value;
-      // Extract 75th percentile fees from each block
-      const percentile75Fees = feeHistory.reward!.map(rewards => rewards[0] || 0n).filter(fee => fee > 0n);
-
-      if (percentile75Fees.length > 0) {
-        // Calculate median of the 75th percentile fees across blocks
-        const medianHistoricalFee = median(percentile75Fees) ?? 0n;
-
-        // Debug: Log suspicious fees from history
-        if (medianHistoricalFee > 100n * WEI_CONST) {
-          this.logger?.warn('Suspicious high fee in history', {
-            historicalMedian: formatGwei(medianHistoricalFee),
-            allP75Fees: percentile75Fees.map(f => formatGwei(f)),
-          });
-        }
-
-        if (medianHistoricalFee > competitiveFee) {
-          competitiveFee = medianHistoricalFee;
-        }
-
-        this.logger?.debug('Analyzed fee history for competitive pricing', {
-          historicalMedian: formatGwei(medianHistoricalFee),
-        });
-      }
-    }
-
-    // Sanity check: cap competitive fee at 100x network estimate to avoid using unrealistic fees
-    // (e.g., Anvil returns inflated historical fees that don't reflect actual network conditions)
-    const maxReasonableFee = networkEstimate * 100n;
-    if (competitiveFee > maxReasonableFee) {
-      this.logger?.warn('Competitive fee exceeds sanity cap, using capped value', {
-        competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitiveFee),
-        networkEstimate: formatGwei(networkEstimate),
-        cappedTo: formatGwei(maxReasonableFee),
-      });
-      competitiveFee = maxReasonableFee;
-    }
-
-    // Log final decision
-    if (competitiveFee > networkEstimate) {
-      this.logger?.debug('Using competitive fee from market analysis', {
-        networkEstimate: formatGwei(networkEstimate),
-        competitive: formatGwei(competitiveFee),
-      });
-    }
-
-    return competitiveFee;
+  public getCode(address: EthAddress): Promise<GetCodeReturnType> {
+    return this.client.getCode({ address: address.toString() });
   }
 
   /**
@@ -194,76 +85,56 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
   ): Promise<GasPrice> {
     const gasConfig = merge(this.config, gasConfigOverrides);
 
-    // Make all RPC calls in parallel upfront with retry logic
-    const latestBlockPromise = this.tryTwice(
-      () => this.client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'latest' }),
-      'Getting latest block',
+    // Execute strategy - it handles all RPC calls internally and returns everything we need
+    const strategyResult = await retry(
+      () =>
+        CurrentStrategy.execute(this.client, {
+          gasConfig,
+          isBlobTx,
+          logger: this.logger,
+        }),
+      'Executing priority fee strategy',
+      makeBackoff(times(2, () => 0)),
+      this.logger,
+      true,
     );
-    const networkEstimatePromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
-      ? null
-      : this.tryTwice(() => this.client.estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas(), 'Estimating max priority fee per gas');
-    const pendingBlockPromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
-      ? null
-      : this.tryTwice(
-          () => this.client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'pending', includeTransactions: true }),
-          'Getting pending block',
-        );
-    const feeHistoryPromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
-      ? null
-      : this.tryTwice(
-          () => this.client.getFeeHistory({ blockCount: HISTORICAL_BLOCK_COUNT, rewardPercentiles: [75] }),
-          'Getting fee history',
-        );
-    const blobBaseFeePromise = isBlobTx
-      ? this.tryTwice(() => this.client.getBlobBaseFee(), 'Getting blob base fee')
-      : null;
-
-    const [latestBlockResult, networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult, blobBaseFeeResult] =
-      await Promise.allSettled([
-        latestBlockPromise,
-        networkEstimatePromise ?? Promise.resolve(0n),
-        pendingBlockPromise ?? Promise.resolve(null),
-        feeHistoryPromise ?? Promise.resolve(null),
-        blobBaseFeePromise ?? Promise.resolve(0n),
-      ]);
-
-    // Extract results
-    const baseFee =
-      latestBlockResult.status === 'fulfilled' &&
-      typeof latestBlockResult.value === 'object' &&
-      latestBlockResult.value.baseFeePerGas
-        ? latestBlockResult.value.baseFeePerGas
-        : 0n;
-
-    // Get blob base fee if available
-    let blobBaseFee = 0n;
-    if (isBlobTx && blobBaseFeeResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof blobBaseFeeResult.value === 'bigint') {
-      blobBaseFee = blobBaseFeeResult.value;
-    } else if (isBlobTx) {
+
+    const { latestBlock, blobBaseFee, priorityFee: strategyPriorityFee } = strategyResult;
+
+    // Extract base fee from latest block
+    const baseFee = latestBlock.baseFeePerGas ?? 0n;
+
+    // Handle blob base fee
+    if (isBlobTx && blobBaseFee === undefined) {
       this.logger?.warn('Failed to get L1 blob base fee', attempt);
     }
 
-    let priorityFee: bigint;
-    if (gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-      this.logger?.debug('Using fixed priority fee per L1 gas', {
-        fixedPriorityFeePerGas: gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas,
-      });
-      priorityFee = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas * Number(WEI_CONST)));
-    } else {
-      // Get competitive priority fee (includes network estimate + analysis)
-      priorityFee = this.getCompetitivePriorityFee(networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult);
+    let priorityFee = strategyPriorityFee;
+
+    // Apply minimum priority fee floor if configured
+    if (gasConfig.minimumPriorityFeePerGas) {
+      const minimumPriorityFee = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.minimumPriorityFeePerGas * Number(WEI_CONST)));
+      if (priorityFee < minimumPriorityFee) {
+        this.logger?.debug('Applying minimum priority fee floor', {
+          calculatedPriorityFee: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+          minimumPriorityFeePerGas: gasConfig.minimumPriorityFeePerGas,
+          appliedFee: formatGwei(minimumPriorityFee),
+        });
+        priorityFee = minimumPriorityFee;
+      }
     }
     let maxFeePerGas = baseFee;
 
-    let maxFeePerBlobGas = blobBaseFee;
+    let maxFeePerBlobGas = blobBaseFee ?? 0n;
 
     // Bump base fee so it's valid for next blocks if it stalls
     const numBlocks = Math.ceil(gasConfig.stallTimeMs! / BLOCK_TIME_MS);
     for (let i = 0; i < numBlocks; i++) {
       // each block can go up 12.5% from previous baseFee
-      maxFeePerGas = (maxFeePerGas * (1_000n + 125n)) / 1_000n;
+      // ceil, (a+b-1)/b, to avoid truncation at small values (e.g. 1 wei blob base fee)
+      maxFeePerGas = (maxFeePerGas * (1_000n + 125n) + 999n) / 1_000n;
       // same for blob gas fee
-      maxFeePerBlobGas = (maxFeePerBlobGas * (1_000n + 125n)) / 1_000n;
+      maxFeePerBlobGas = (maxFeePerBlobGas * (1_000n + 125n) + 999n) / 1_000n;
     }
 
     if (attempt > 0) {
@@ -280,18 +151,15 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         (previousGasPrice!.maxPriorityFeePerGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
       const minMaxFee = (previousGasPrice!.maxFeePerGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
 
-      let competitivePriorityFee = priorityFee;
-      if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-        // Apply bump percentage to competitive fee
-        competitivePriorityFee = (priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt(configBump * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+      // Apply bump percentage to competitive fee
+      const competitivePriorityFee = (priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt(configBump * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
 
-        this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up attempt ${attempt}: using competitive fee strategy`, {
-          networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
-          competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitivePriorityFee),
-          minRequired: formatGwei(minPriorityFee),
-          bumpPercentage: configBump,
-        });
-      }
+      this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up attempt ${attempt}: using competitive fee strategy`, {
+        networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+        competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitivePriorityFee),
+        minRequired: formatGwei(minPriorityFee),
+        bumpPercentage: configBump,
+      });
 
       // Use maximum between competitive fee and minimum required bump
       const finalPriorityFee = competitivePriorityFee > minPriorityFee ? competitivePriorityFee : minPriorityFee;
@@ -302,20 +170,16 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
       maxFeePerGas += finalPriorityFee;
       maxFeePerGas = maxFeePerGas > minMaxFee ? maxFeePerGas : minMaxFee;
 
-      if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-        this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up fee decision: using ${feeSource} fee`, {
-          finalPriorityFee: formatGwei(finalPriorityFee),
-        });
-      }
+      this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up fee decision: using ${feeSource} fee`, {
+        finalPriorityFee: formatGwei(finalPriorityFee),
+      });
     } else {
       // First attempt: apply configured bump percentage to competitive fee
       // multiply by 100 & divide by 100 to maintain some precision
-      if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-        priorityFee = (priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt((gasConfig.priorityFeeBumpPercentage || 0) * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
-        this.logger?.debug('Initial transaction: using competitive fee from market analysis', {
-          networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
-        });
-      }
+      priorityFee = (priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt((gasConfig.priorityFeeBumpPercentage || 0) * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+      this.logger?.debug('Initial transaction: using competitive fee from market analysis', {
+        networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+      });
       maxFeePerGas += priorityFee;
     }
 
@@ -356,7 +220,7 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         baseFee: formatGwei(baseFee),
         maxFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxFeePerGas),
         maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxPriorityFeePerGas),
-        blobBaseFee: formatGwei(blobBaseFee),
+        blobBaseFee: formatGwei(blobBaseFee ?? 0n),
         maxFeePerBlobGas: formatGwei(maxFeePerBlobGas),
       },
     );
@@ -380,19 +244,28 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     const gasConfig = { ...this.config, ..._gasConfig };
     let initialEstimate = 0n;
     if (_blobInputs) {
-      // @note requests with blobs also require maxFeePerBlobGas to be set
+      // @note requests with blobs also require maxFeePerBlobGas to be set.
+      // Use 2x buffer for maxFeePerBlobGas to avoid stale fees and to pass EIP-4844 validation (even if it is a gas estimation call).
+      // 1. maxFeePerBlobGas >= blobBaseFee
+      // 2. account balance >= gas * maxFeePerGas + maxFeePerBlobGas * blobCount + value
       const gasPrice = await this.getGasPrice(gasConfig, true, 0);
       initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({
         account,
         ...request,
         ..._blobInputs,
-        maxFeePerBlobGas: gasPrice.maxFeePerBlobGas!,
-        gas: LARGE_GAS_LIMIT,
+        maxFeePerBlobGas: gasPrice.maxFeePerBlobGas! * 2n,
+        gas: MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT,
+        blockTag: 'latest',
       });
 
       this.logger?.trace(`Estimated gas for blob tx: ${initialEstimate}`);
     } else {
-      initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({ account, ...request, gas: LARGE_GAS_LIMIT });
+      initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({
+        account,
+        ...request,
+        gas: MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT,
+        blockTag: 'latest',
+      });
       this.logger?.trace(`Estimated gas for non-blob tx: ${initialEstimate}`);
     }
 
@@ -523,7 +396,7 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
       this.logger?.debug(`L1 transaction simulation succeeded`, { ...result[0].calls[0] });
       return { gasUsed: result[0].gasUsed, result: result[0].calls[0].data as `0x${string}` };
     } catch (err) {
-      if (err instanceof MethodNotFoundRpcError || err instanceof MethodNotSupportedRpcError) {
+      if (getErrorCause(err, MethodNotFoundRpcError) || getErrorCause(err, MethodNotSupportedRpcError)) {
         if (gasConfig.fallbackGasEstimate) {
           this.logger?.warn(
             `Node does not support eth_simulateV1 API. Using fallback gas estimate: ${gasConfig.fallbackGasEstimate}`,
@@ -548,11 +421,4 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     });
     return bumpedGasLimit;
   }
-
-  /**
-   * Helper function to retry RPC calls twice
-   */
-  private tryTwice<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, description: string): Promise<T> {
-    return retry<T>(fn, description, makeBackoff(times(2, () => 0)), this.logger, true);
-  }
 }

package/src/{test → l1_tx_utils}/tx_delayer.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { omit } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
-import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 
@@ -9,14 +9,18 @@ import {
   type Hex,
   type PublicClient,
   type TransactionSerializableEIP4844,
+  type TransactionSerialized,
   keccak256,
   parseTransaction,
   publicActions,
+  recoverTransactionAddress,
   serializeTransaction,
   walletActions,
 } from 'viem';
 
-import { type ViemClient, isExtendedClient } from '../types.js';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient, ViemClient } from '../types.js';
+
+const MAX_WAIT_TIME_SECONDS = 180;
 
 export function waitUntilBlock<T extends Client>(
   client: T,
@@ -36,7 +40,7 @@ export function waitUntilBlock<T extends Client>(
       return currentBlockNumber >= BigInt(blockNumber);
     },
     `Wait until L1 block ${blockNumber}`,
-    timeout ?? 120,
+    timeout ?? MAX_WAIT_TIME_SECONDS,
     0.1,
   );
 }
@@ -66,87 +70,107 @@ export function waitUntilL1Timestamp<T extends Client>(
       return currentTs >= BigInt(timestamp);
     },
     `Wait until L1 timestamp ${timestamp}`,
-    timeout ?? 120,
+    timeout ?? MAX_WAIT_TIME_SECONDS,
     0.1,
   );
 }
 
-export interface Delayer {
-  /** Returns the hashes of all effectively sent txs. */
-  getSentTxHashes(): Hex[];
-  /** Returns the raw hex for all cancelled txs. */
-  getCancelledTxs(): Hex[];
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given L1 block number. */
-  pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given timestamp. */
-  pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent indefinitely. */
-  cancelNextTx(): void;
-  /**
-   * Sets max inclusion time into slot. If more than this many seconds have passed
-   * since the last L1 block was mined, then any tx will not be mined in the current
-   * L1 slot but will be deferred for the next one.
-   */
-  setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(seconds: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-}
+/** Manages tx delaying for testing, intercepting sendRawTransaction calls to delay or cancel them. */
+export class Delayer {
+  private logger: Logger;
+
+  public maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot: number | undefined = undefined;
+  public ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
+  public nextWait:
+    | { l1Timestamp: bigint; timeoutSeconds?: number }
+    | { l1BlockNumber: bigint; timeoutSeconds?: number }
+    | { indefinitely: true }
+    | undefined = undefined;
+  public sentTxHashes: Hex[] = [];
+  public cancelledTxs: Hex[] = [];
 
-class DelayerImpl implements Delayer {
-  private logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer');
   constructor(
     public dateProvider: DateProvider,
     opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
+    bindings: LoggerBindings,
   ) {
     this.ethereumSlotDuration = BigInt(opts.ethereumSlotDuration);
+    this.logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer', bindings);
   }
 
-  public maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot: number | undefined = undefined;
-  public ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
-  public nextWait: { l1Timestamp: bigint } | { l1BlockNumber: bigint } | { indefinitely: true } | undefined = undefined;
-  public sentTxHashes: Hex[] = [];
-  public cancelledTxs: Hex[] = [];
+  /** Returns the logger instance used by this delayer. */
+  getLogger(): Logger {
+    return this.logger;
+  }
 
+  /** Returns the hashes of all effectively sent txs. */
   getSentTxHashes() {
     return this.sentTxHashes;
   }
 
+  /** Returns the raw hex for all cancelled txs. */
   getCancelledTxs(): Hex[] {
     return this.cancelledTxs;
   }
 
-  pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint) {
-    this.nextWait = { l1BlockNumber: BigInt(l1BlockNumber) };
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given L1 block number. */
+  pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint, timeoutSeconds?: number) {
+    this.nextWait = { l1BlockNumber: BigInt(l1BlockNumber), timeoutSeconds };
   }
 
-  pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint) {
-    this.nextWait = { l1Timestamp: BigInt(l1Timestamp) };
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given timestamp. */
+  pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint, timeoutSeconds?: number) {
+    this.nextWait = { l1Timestamp: BigInt(l1Timestamp), timeoutSeconds };
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent indefinitely. */
   cancelNextTx() {
     this.nextWait = { indefinitely: true };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sets max inclusion time into slot. If more than this many seconds have passed
+   * since the last L1 block was mined, then any tx will not be mined in the current
+   * L1 slot but will be deferred for the next one.
+   */
   setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(seconds: number | undefined) {
     this.maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot = seconds;
   }
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns a new client (without modifying the one passed in) with an injected tx delayer.
- * The delayer can be used to hold off the next tx to be sent until a given block number.
- * TODO(#10824): This doesn't play along well with blob txs for some reason.
+ * Creates a new Delayer instance. Exposed so callers can create a single shared delayer
+ * and pass it to multiple `wrapClientWithDelayer` calls.
  */
-export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
-  client: T,
+export function createDelayer(
   dateProvider: DateProvider,
   opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
-): { client: T; delayer: Delayer } {
-  if (!isExtendedClient(client)) {
-    throw new Error('withDelayer has to be instantiated with a wallet viem client.');
+  bindings: LoggerBindings,
+): Delayer {
+  return new Delayer(dateProvider, opts, bindings);
+}
+
+/** Tries to recover the sender address from a serialized signed transaction. */
+async function tryRecoverSender(serializedTransaction: Hex): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  try {
+    return await recoverTransactionAddress({
+      serializedTransaction: serializedTransaction as TransactionSerialized,
+    });
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
   }
-  const logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer');
-  const delayer = new DelayerImpl(dateProvider, opts);
+}
 
-  const extended = client
+/**
+ * Wraps a viem client with tx delaying logic. Returns the wrapped client.
+ * The delayer intercepts sendRawTransaction calls and delays them based on the delayer's state.
+ */
+export function wrapClientWithDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(client: T, delayer: Delayer): T {
+  const logger = delayer.getLogger();
+
+  // Cast to ExtendedViemWalletClient for the extend chain since it has sendRawTransaction.
+  // The sendRawTransaction override is applied to all clients regardless of type.
+  const withRawTx = (client as unknown as ExtendedViemWalletClient)
     // Tweak sendRawTransaction so it uses the delay defined in the delayer.
     // Note that this will only work with local accounts (ie accounts for which we have the private key).
     // Transactions signed by the node will not be delayed since they use sendTransaction directly,
@@ -158,6 +182,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
         const { serializedTransaction } = args[0];
         const publicClient = client as unknown as PublicClient;
+        const sender = await tryRecoverSender(serializedTransaction);
 
         if (delayer.nextWait !== undefined) {
           // Check if we have been instructed to delay the next tx.
@@ -169,7 +194,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
           // Cancel tx outright if instructed
           if ('indefinitely' in waitUntil && waitUntil.indefinitely) {
-            logger.info(`Cancelling tx ${txHash}`);
+            logger.info(`Cancelling tx ${txHash}`, { sender });
             delayer.cancelledTxs.push(serializedTransaction);
             return Promise.resolve(txHash);
           }
@@ -177,12 +202,18 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
           // Or wait until the desired block number or timestamp
           wait =
             'l1BlockNumber' in waitUntil
-              ? waitUntilBlock(publicClient, waitUntil.l1BlockNumber - 1n, logger)
+              ? waitUntilBlock(publicClient, waitUntil.l1BlockNumber - 1n, logger, waitUntil.timeoutSeconds)
               : 'l1Timestamp' in waitUntil
-                ? waitUntilL1Timestamp(publicClient, waitUntil.l1Timestamp - delayer.ethereumSlotDuration, logger)
+                ? waitUntilL1Timestamp(
+                    publicClient,
+                    waitUntil.l1Timestamp - delayer.ethereumSlotDuration,
+                    logger,
+                    waitUntil.timeoutSeconds,
+                  )
                 : undefined;
 
           logger.info(`Delaying tx ${txHash} until ${inspect(waitUntil)}`, {
+            sender,
             argsLen: args.length,
             ...omit(parseTransaction(serializedTransaction), 'data', 'sidecars'),
           });
@@ -194,6 +225,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
           txHash = computeTxHash(serializedTransaction);
           const logData = {
+            sender,
             ...omit(parseTransaction(serializedTransaction), 'data', 'sidecars'),
             lastBlockTimestamp,
             now,
@@ -223,28 +255,35 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
                   computedTxHash: txHash,
                 });
               }
-              logger.info(`Sent previously delayed tx ${clientTxHash}`);
+              logger.info(`Sent previously delayed tx ${clientTxHash}`, { sender });
               delayer.sentTxHashes.push(clientTxHash);
             })
             .catch(err => logger.error(`Error sending tx after delay`, err));
           return Promise.resolve(txHash!);
         } else {
           const txHash = await client.sendRawTransaction(...args);
-          logger.verbose(`Sent tx immediately ${txHash}`);
+          logger.debug(`Sent tx immediately ${txHash}`, { sender });
           delayer.sentTxHashes.push(txHash);
           return txHash;
         }
       },
-    }))
-    // Re-extend with sendTransaction so it uses the modified sendRawTransaction.
-    .extend(client => ({ sendTransaction: walletActions(client).sendTransaction }))
-    // And with the actions that depend on the modified sendTransaction
-    .extend(client => ({
-      writeContract: walletActions(client).writeContract,
-      deployContract: walletActions(client).deployContract,
-    })) as T;
+    }));
+
+  // Only re-bind wallet actions (sendTransaction, writeContract, deployContract) for wallet clients.
+  // This is needed for tests that use wallet actions directly rather than sendRawTransaction.
+  const isWalletClient = 'account' in client && client.account !== undefined;
+  const extended = isWalletClient
+    ? withRawTx
+        // Re-extend with sendTransaction so it uses the modified sendRawTransaction.
+        .extend(client => ({ sendTransaction: walletActions(client).sendTransaction }))
+        // And with the actions that depend on the modified sendTransaction
+        .extend(client => ({
+          writeContract: walletActions(client).writeContract,
+          deployContract: walletActions(client).deployContract,
+        }))
+    : withRawTx;
 
-  return { client: extended, delayer };
+  return extended as T;
 }
 
 /**