@aztec/ethereum 0.0.1-commit.6d3c34e → 0.0.1-commit.7035c9bd6

package/src/{test → l1_tx_utils}/tx_delayer.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { omit } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
-import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import type { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 
@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ import {
   type Hex,
   type PublicClient,
   type TransactionSerializableEIP4844,
+  type TransactionSerialized,
   keccak256,
   parseTransaction,
   publicActions,
+  recoverTransactionAddress,
   serializeTransaction,
   walletActions,
 } from 'viem';
 
-import { type ViemClient, isExtendedClient } from '../types.js';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient, ViemClient } from '../types.js';
 
 const MAX_WAIT_TIME_SECONDS = 180;
 
@@ -73,82 +75,98 @@ export function waitUntilL1Timestamp<T extends Client>(
   );
 }
 
-export interface Delayer {
-  /** Returns the hashes of all effectively sent txs. */
-  getSentTxHashes(): Hex[];
-  /** Returns the raw hex for all cancelled txs. */
-  getCancelledTxs(): Hex[];
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given L1 block number. */
-  pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given timestamp. */
-  pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-  /** Delays the next tx to be sent indefinitely. */
-  cancelNextTx(): void;
-  /**
-   * Sets max inclusion time into slot. If more than this many seconds have passed
-   * since the last L1 block was mined, then any tx will not be mined in the current
-   * L1 slot but will be deferred for the next one.
-   */
-  setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(seconds: number | bigint | undefined): void;
-}
+/** Manages tx delaying for testing, intercepting sendRawTransaction calls to delay or cancel them. */
+export class Delayer {
+  private logger: Logger;
+
+  public maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot: number | undefined = undefined;
+  public ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
+  public nextWait: { l1Timestamp: bigint } | { l1BlockNumber: bigint } | { indefinitely: true } | undefined = undefined;
+  public sentTxHashes: Hex[] = [];
+  public cancelledTxs: Hex[] = [];
 
-class DelayerImpl implements Delayer {
-  private logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer');
   constructor(
     public dateProvider: DateProvider,
     opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
+    bindings: LoggerBindings,
   ) {
     this.ethereumSlotDuration = BigInt(opts.ethereumSlotDuration);
+    this.logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer', bindings);
   }
 
-  public maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot: number | undefined = undefined;
-  public ethereumSlotDuration: bigint;
-  public nextWait: { l1Timestamp: bigint } | { l1BlockNumber: bigint } | { indefinitely: true } | undefined = undefined;
-  public sentTxHashes: Hex[] = [];
-  public cancelledTxs: Hex[] = [];
+  /** Returns the logger instance used by this delayer. */
+  getLogger(): Logger {
+    return this.logger;
+  }
 
+  /** Returns the hashes of all effectively sent txs. */
   getSentTxHashes() {
     return this.sentTxHashes;
   }
 
+  /** Returns the raw hex for all cancelled txs. */
   getCancelledTxs(): Hex[] {
     return this.cancelledTxs;
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given L1 block number. */
   pauseNextTxUntilBlock(l1BlockNumber: number | bigint) {
     this.nextWait = { l1BlockNumber: BigInt(l1BlockNumber) };
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent so it lands on the given timestamp. */
   pauseNextTxUntilTimestamp(l1Timestamp: number | bigint) {
     this.nextWait = { l1Timestamp: BigInt(l1Timestamp) };
   }
 
+  /** Delays the next tx to be sent indefinitely. */
   cancelNextTx() {
     this.nextWait = { indefinitely: true };
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Sets max inclusion time into slot. If more than this many seconds have passed
+   * since the last L1 block was mined, then any tx will not be mined in the current
+   * L1 slot but will be deferred for the next one.
+   */
   setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(seconds: number | undefined) {
     this.maxInclusionTimeIntoSlot = seconds;
   }
 }
 
 /**
- * Returns a new client (without modifying the one passed in) with an injected tx delayer.
- * The delayer can be used to hold off the next tx to be sent until a given block number.
- * TODO(#10824): This doesn't play along well with blob txs for some reason.
+ * Creates a new Delayer instance. Exposed so callers can create a single shared delayer
+ * and pass it to multiple `wrapClientWithDelayer` calls.
  */
-export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
-  client: T,
+export function createDelayer(
   dateProvider: DateProvider,
   opts: { ethereumSlotDuration: bigint | number },
-): { client: T; delayer: Delayer } {
-  if (!isExtendedClient(client)) {
-    throw new Error('withDelayer has to be instantiated with a wallet viem client.');
+  bindings: LoggerBindings,
+): Delayer {
+  return new Delayer(dateProvider, opts, bindings);
+}
+
+/** Tries to recover the sender address from a serialized signed transaction. */
+async function tryRecoverSender(serializedTransaction: Hex): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  try {
+    return await recoverTransactionAddress({
+      serializedTransaction: serializedTransaction as TransactionSerialized,
+    });
+  } catch {
+    return undefined;
   }
-  const logger = createLogger('ethereum:tx_delayer');
-  const delayer = new DelayerImpl(dateProvider, opts);
+}
 
-  const extended = client
+/**
+ * Wraps a viem client with tx delaying logic. Returns the wrapped client.
+ * The delayer intercepts sendRawTransaction calls and delays them based on the delayer's state.
+ */
+export function wrapClientWithDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(client: T, delayer: Delayer): T {
+  const logger = delayer.getLogger();
+
+  // Cast to ExtendedViemWalletClient for the extend chain since it has sendRawTransaction.
+  // The sendRawTransaction override is applied to all clients regardless of type.
+  const withRawTx = (client as unknown as ExtendedViemWalletClient)
     // Tweak sendRawTransaction so it uses the delay defined in the delayer.
     // Note that this will only work with local accounts (ie accounts for which we have the private key).
     // Transactions signed by the node will not be delayed since they use sendTransaction directly,
@@ -160,6 +178,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
         const { serializedTransaction } = args[0];
         const publicClient = client as unknown as PublicClient;
+        const sender = await tryRecoverSender(serializedTransaction);
 
         if (delayer.nextWait !== undefined) {
           // Check if we have been instructed to delay the next tx.
@@ -171,7 +190,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
           // Cancel tx outright if instructed
           if ('indefinitely' in waitUntil && waitUntil.indefinitely) {
-            logger.info(`Cancelling tx ${txHash}`);
+            logger.info(`Cancelling tx ${txHash}`, { sender });
             delayer.cancelledTxs.push(serializedTransaction);
             return Promise.resolve(txHash);
           }
@@ -185,6 +204,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
                 : undefined;
 
           logger.info(`Delaying tx ${txHash} until ${inspect(waitUntil)}`, {
+            sender,
             argsLen: args.length,
             ...omit(parseTransaction(serializedTransaction), 'data', 'sidecars'),
           });
@@ -196,6 +216,7 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
 
           txHash = computeTxHash(serializedTransaction);
           const logData = {
+            sender,
             ...omit(parseTransaction(serializedTransaction), 'data', 'sidecars'),
             lastBlockTimestamp,
             now,
@@ -225,28 +246,35 @@ export function withDelayer<T extends ViemClient>(
                   computedTxHash: txHash,
                 });
               }
-              logger.info(`Sent previously delayed tx ${clientTxHash}`);
+              logger.info(`Sent previously delayed tx ${clientTxHash}`, { sender });
               delayer.sentTxHashes.push(clientTxHash);
             })
             .catch(err => logger.error(`Error sending tx after delay`, err));
           return Promise.resolve(txHash!);
         } else {
           const txHash = await client.sendRawTransaction(...args);
-          logger.debug(`Sent tx immediately ${txHash}`);
+          logger.debug(`Sent tx immediately ${txHash}`, { sender });
           delayer.sentTxHashes.push(txHash);
           return txHash;
         }
       },
-    }))
-    // Re-extend with sendTransaction so it uses the modified sendRawTransaction.
-    .extend(client => ({ sendTransaction: walletActions(client).sendTransaction }))
-    // And with the actions that depend on the modified sendTransaction
-    .extend(client => ({
-      writeContract: walletActions(client).writeContract,
-      deployContract: walletActions(client).deployContract,
-    })) as T;
+    }));
+
+  // Only re-bind wallet actions (sendTransaction, writeContract, deployContract) for wallet clients.
+  // This is needed for tests that use wallet actions directly rather than sendRawTransaction.
+  const isWalletClient = 'account' in client && client.account !== undefined;
+  const extended = isWalletClient
+    ? withRawTx
+        // Re-extend with sendTransaction so it uses the modified sendRawTransaction.
+        .extend(client => ({ sendTransaction: walletActions(client).sendTransaction }))
+        // And with the actions that depend on the modified sendTransaction
+        .extend(client => ({
+          writeContract: walletActions(client).writeContract,
+          deployContract: walletActions(client).deployContract,
+        }))
+    : withRawTx;
 
-  return { client: extended, delayer };
+  return extended as T;
 }
 
 /**

package/src/publisher_manager.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { pick } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
-import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { type Logger, type LoggerBindings, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 
 import { L1TxUtils, TxUtilsState } from './l1_tx_utils/index.js';
 
@@ -28,13 +28,15 @@ const busyStates: TxUtilsState[] = [
 export type PublisherFilter<UtilsType extends L1TxUtils> = (utils: UtilsType) => boolean;
 
 export class PublisherManager<UtilsType extends L1TxUtils = L1TxUtils> {
-  private log = createLogger('publisher:manager');
+  private log: Logger;
   private config: { publisherAllowInvalidStates?: boolean };
 
   constructor(
     private publishers: UtilsType[],
     config: { publisherAllowInvalidStates?: boolean },
+    bindings?: LoggerBindings,
   ) {
+    this.log = createLogger('publisher:manager', bindings);
     this.log.info(`PublisherManager initialized with ${publishers.length} publishers.`);
     this.publishers = publishers;
     this.config = pick(config, 'publisherAllowInvalidStates');

package/src/queries.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 
-import type { L1ContractsConfig } from './config.js';
+import { DefaultL1ContractsConfig, type L1ContractsConfig } from './config.js';
 import { ReadOnlyGovernanceContract } from './contracts/governance.js';
 import { GovernanceProposerContract } from './contracts/governance_proposer.js';
 import { InboxContract } from './contracts/inbox.js';
@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ export async function getL1ContractsConfig(
     inboxLag: Number(inboxLag),
     governanceProposerQuorum: Number(governanceProposerQuorum),
     governanceProposerRoundSize: Number(governanceProposerRoundSize),
+    governanceVotingDuration: DefaultL1ContractsConfig.governanceVotingDuration,
     activationThreshold,
     ejectionThreshold,
     localEjectionThreshold,
@@ -118,5 +119,6 @@ export async function getL1ContractsConfig(
     slashAmountSmall: slashingAmounts[0],
     slashAmountMedium: slashingAmounts[1],
     slashAmountLarge: slashingAmounts[2],
+    initialEthPerFeeAsset: DefaultL1ContractsConfig.initialEthPerFeeAsset,
   };
 }

package/src/test/chain_monitor.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { RollupContract } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
+import type { ManaMinFeeComponents, RollupContract } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
 import { InboxContract } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
 import { CheckpointNumber, EpochNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
@@ -10,6 +10,20 @@ import { EventEmitter } from 'events';
 
 import type { ViemClient } from '../types.js';
 
+/** L2 fee data reported by the chain monitor. */
+export type L2FeeData = ManaMinFeeComponents & {
+  /** Total minimum fee per mana in Fee Juice (sum of sequencerCost + proverCost + congestionCost). */
+  minFeePerMana: bigint;
+  /** L1 base fee observed by the oracle. */
+  l1BaseFee: bigint;
+  /** L1 blob fee observed by the oracle. */
+  l1BlobFee: bigint;
+  /** ETH per fee asset exchange rate (1e12 precision). */
+  ethPerFeeAsset: bigint;
+  /** Mana target per checkpoint. */
+  manaTarget: bigint;
+};
+
 export type ChainMonitorEventMap = {
   'l1-block': [{ l1BlockNumber: number; timestamp: bigint }];
   checkpoint: [
@@ -19,6 +33,7 @@ export type ChainMonitorEventMap = {
   'l2-messages': [{ totalL2Messages: number; l1BlockNumber: number }];
   'l2-epoch': [{ l2EpochNumber: EpochNumber; timestamp: bigint; committee: EthAddress[] | undefined }];
   'l2-slot': [{ l2SlotNumber: SlotNumber; timestamp: bigint }];
+  'l2-fees': [L2FeeData];
 };
 
 /** Utility class that polls the chain on quick intervals and logs new L1 blocks, L2 blocks, and L2 proofs. */
@@ -45,6 +60,8 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
   public l2EpochNumber!: EpochNumber;
   /** Current L2 slot number */
   public l2SlotNumber!: SlotNumber;
+  /** Current L2 fee data (components of the minimum fee per mana). */
+  public l2FeeData!: L2FeeData;
 
   constructor(
     private readonly rollup: RollupContract,
@@ -77,7 +94,7 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
     }
   }
 
-  private async getInbox() {
+  protected async getInbox() {
     if (!this.inbox) {
       const { inboxAddress } = await this.rollup.getRollupAddresses();
       this.inbox = new InboxContract(this.l1Client, inboxAddress);
@@ -158,7 +175,7 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
       this.l2EpochNumber = l2Epoch;
       committee = await this.rollup.getCurrentEpochCommittee();
       this.emit('l2-epoch', { l2EpochNumber: l2Epoch, timestamp, committee });
-      msg += ` starting new epoch ${this.l2EpochNumber} `;
+      msg += ` starting new epoch ${this.l2EpochNumber}`;
     }
 
     if (l2SlotNumber !== this.l2SlotNumber) {
@@ -166,6 +183,13 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
       this.emit('l2-slot', { l2SlotNumber, timestamp });
     }
 
+    const feeData = await this.fetchFeeData(timestamp);
+    if (this.hasFeeDataChanged(feeData)) {
+      msg += ` with L2 min fee ${feeData.minFeePerMana}`;
+      this.l2FeeData = feeData;
+      this.emit('l2-fees', feeData);
+    }
+
     this.logger.info(msg, {
       currentTimestamp: this.dateProvider.nowInSeconds(),
       l1Timestamp: timestamp,
@@ -176,6 +200,7 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
       provenCheckpointNumber: this.provenCheckpointNumber,
       totalL2Messages: this.totalL2Messages,
       committee,
+      ...this.l2FeeData,
     });
 
     return this;
@@ -242,4 +267,36 @@ export class ChainMonitor extends EventEmitter<ChainMonitorEventMap> {
       this.on('checkpoint', listener);
     });
   }
+
+  private async fetchFeeData(timestamp: bigint): Promise<L2FeeData> {
+    const [components, minFeePerMana, l1Fees, ethPerFeeAsset, manaTarget] = await Promise.all([
+      this.rollup.getManaMinFeeComponentsAt(timestamp, true),
+      this.rollup.getManaMinFeeAt(timestamp, true),
+      this.rollup.getL1FeesAt(timestamp),
+      this.rollup.getEthPerFeeAsset(),
+      this.rollup.getManaTarget(),
+    ]);
+    return {
+      ...components,
+      minFeePerMana,
+      l1BaseFee: l1Fees.baseFee,
+      l1BlobFee: l1Fees.blobFee,
+      ethPerFeeAsset,
+      manaTarget,
+    };
+  }
+
+  private hasFeeDataChanged(newData: L2FeeData): boolean {
+    if (!this.l2FeeData) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    return (
+      this.l2FeeData.sequencerCost !== newData.sequencerCost ||
+      this.l2FeeData.proverCost !== newData.proverCost ||
+      this.l2FeeData.congestionCost !== newData.congestionCost ||
+      this.l2FeeData.l1BaseFee !== newData.l1BaseFee ||
+      this.l2FeeData.l1BlobFee !== newData.l1BlobFee ||
+      this.l2FeeData.ethPerFeeAsset !== newData.ethPerFeeAsset
+    );
+  }
 }

package/src/test/index.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-export * from './delayed_tx_utils.js';
 export * from './eth_cheat_codes.js';
 export * from './eth_cheat_codes_with_state.js';
 export * from './start_anvil.js';
-export * from './tx_delayer.js';
 export * from './upgrade_utils.js';
 export * from './chain_monitor.js';
 export * from './rollup_cheat_codes.js';

package/src/test/rollup_cheat_codes.ts

@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ export class RollupCheatCodes {
     return SlotNumber.fromBigInt(await this.rollup.read.getSlotAt([ts]));
   }
 
+  /** Returns the number of seconds until the start of the given slot based on L1 block timestamp. */
+  public async getSecondsUntilSlot(slot: SlotNumber): Promise<number> {
+    const [currentTimestamp, targetTimestamp] = await Promise.all([
+      this.client.getBlock().then(b => BigInt(b.timestamp)),
+      this.rollup.read.getTimestampForSlot([BigInt(slot)]),
+    ]);
+    return Math.max(0, Number(targetTimestamp - currentTimestamp));
+  }
+
   /** Returns the current epoch */
   public async getEpoch(): Promise<EpochNumber> {
     const slotNumber = await this.getSlot();
@@ -124,7 +133,7 @@ export class RollupCheatCodes {
     } = {},
   ) {
     const { epochDuration: slotsInEpoch } = await this.getConfig();
-    const slotNumber = SlotNumber(epoch * Number(slotsInEpoch));
+    const slotNumber = SlotNumber(Number(epoch) * Number(slotsInEpoch));
     const timestamp = (await this.rollup.read.getTimestampForSlot([BigInt(slotNumber)])) + BigInt(opts.offset ?? 0);
     try {
       await this.ethCheatCodes.warp(Number(timestamp), { ...opts, silent: true, resetBlockInterval: true });
@@ -176,7 +185,7 @@ export class RollupCheatCodes {
    * Marks the specified checkpoint (or latest if none) as proven
    * @param maybeCheckpointNumber - The checkpoint number to mark as proven (defaults to latest pending)
    */
-  public markAsProven(maybeCheckpointNumber?: number | bigint) {
+  public markAsProven(maybeCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber) {
     return this.ethCheatCodes.execWithPausedAnvil(async () => {
       const tipsBefore = await this.getTips();
       const { pending, proven } = tipsBefore;

package/src/test/start_anvil.ts

@@ -2,9 +2,17 @@ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { fileURLToPath } from '@aztec/foundation/url';
 
-import { type Anvil, createAnvil } from '@viem/anvil';
+import { type ChildProcess, spawn } from 'child_process';
 import { dirname, resolve } from 'path';
 
+/** Minimal interface matching the @viem/anvil Anvil shape used by callers. */
+export interface Anvil {
+  readonly port: number;
+  readonly host: string;
+  readonly status: 'listening' | 'idle';
+  stop(): Promise<void>;
+}
+
 /**
  * Ensures there's a running Anvil instance and returns the RPC URL.
  */
@@ -16,56 +24,173 @@ export async function startAnvil(
     captureMethodCalls?: boolean;
     accounts?: number;
     chainId?: number;
-    /** The hardfork to use - note: @viem/anvil types are out of date but 'cancun' and 'latest' work */
+    /** The hardfork to use (e.g. 'cancun', 'latest'). */
     hardfork?: string;
+    /**
+     * Number of slots per epoch used by anvil to compute the 'finalized' and 'safe' block tags.
+     * Anvil reports `finalized = latest - slotsInAnEpoch * 2`.
+     * Defaults to 1 so the finalized block advances immediately, making tests that check
+     * L1-finality-based logic work without needing hundreds of mined blocks.
+     */
+    slotsInAnEpoch?: number;
   } = {},
 ): Promise<{ anvil: Anvil; methodCalls?: string[]; rpcUrl: string; stop: () => Promise<void> }> {
   const anvilBinary = resolve(dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)), '../../', 'scripts/anvil_kill_wrapper.sh');
   const logger = opts.log ? createLogger('ethereum:anvil') : undefined;
   const methodCalls = opts.captureMethodCalls ? ([] as string[]) : undefined;
 
-  let port: number | undefined;
+  let detectedPort: number | undefined;
 
-  // Start anvil.
-  // We go via a wrapper script to ensure if the parent dies, anvil dies.
   const anvil = await retry(
     async () => {
-      const anvil = createAnvil({
-        anvilBinary,
-        host: '127.0.0.1',
-        port: opts.port ?? 8545,
-        blockTime: opts.l1BlockTime,
-        stopTimeout: 1000,
-        accounts: opts.accounts ?? 20,
-        gasLimit: 45_000_000n,
-        chainId: opts.chainId ?? 31337,
+      const port = opts.port ?? (process.env.ANVIL_PORT ? parseInt(process.env.ANVIL_PORT) : 8545);
+      const args: string[] = [
+        '--host',
+        '127.0.0.1',
+        '--port',
+        String(port),
+        '--accounts',
+        String(opts.accounts ?? 20),
+        '--gas-limit',
+        String(45_000_000),
+        '--chain-id',
+        String(opts.chainId ?? 31337),
+      ];
+      if (opts.l1BlockTime !== undefined) {
+        args.push('--block-time', String(opts.l1BlockTime));
+      }
+      if (opts.hardfork !== undefined) {
+        args.push('--hardfork', opts.hardfork);
+      }
+      args.push('--slots-in-an-epoch', String(opts.slotsInAnEpoch ?? 1));
+
+      const child = spawn(anvilBinary, args, {
+        stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'],
+        env: { ...process.env, RAYON_NUM_THREADS: '1' },
       });
 
-      // Listen to the anvil output to get the port.
-      const removeHandler = anvil.on('message', (message: string) => {
-        logger?.debug(message.trim());
+      // Wait for "Listening on" or an early exit.
+      await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+        let stderr = '';
+
+        const onStdout = (data: Buffer) => {
+          const text = data.toString();
+          logger?.debug(text.trim());
+          methodCalls?.push(...(text.match(/eth_[^\s]+/g) || []));
 
-        methodCalls?.push(...(message.match(/eth_[^\s]+/g) || []));
-        if (port === undefined && message.includes('Listening on')) {
-          port = parseInt(message.match(/Listening on ([^:]+):(\d+)/)![2]);
-        }
+          if (detectedPort === undefined && text.includes('Listening on')) {
+            const match = text.match(/Listening on ([^:]+):(\d+)/);
+            if (match) {
+              detectedPort = parseInt(match[2]);
+            }
+          }
+          if (detectedPort !== undefined) {
+            child.stdout?.removeListener('data', onStdout);
+            child.stderr?.removeListener('data', onStderr);
+            child.removeListener('close', onClose);
+            resolve();
+          }
+        };
+
+        const onStderr = (data: Buffer) => {
+          stderr += data.toString();
+          logger?.debug(data.toString().trim());
+        };
+
+        const onClose = (code: number | null) => {
+          child.stdout?.removeListener('data', onStdout);
+          child.stderr?.removeListener('data', onStderr);
+          reject(new Error(`Anvil exited with code ${code} before listening. stderr: ${stderr}`));
+        };
+
+        child.stdout?.on('data', onStdout);
+        child.stderr?.on('data', onStderr);
+        child.once('close', onClose);
       });
-      await anvil.start();
-      if (!logger && !opts.captureMethodCalls) {
-        removeHandler();
+
+      // Continue piping for logging / method-call capture after startup.
+      if (logger || opts.captureMethodCalls) {
+        child.stdout?.on('data', (data: Buffer) => {
+          const text = data.toString();
+          logger?.debug(text.trim());
+          methodCalls?.push(...(text.match(/eth_[^\s]+/g) || []));
+        });
+        child.stderr?.on('data', (data: Buffer) => {
+          logger?.debug(data.toString().trim());
+        });
+      } else {
+        // Consume streams so the child process doesn't block on full pipe buffers.
+        child.stdout?.resume();
+        child.stderr?.resume();
       }
 
-      return anvil;
+      return child;
     },
     'Start anvil',
     makeBackoff([5, 5, 5]),
   );
 
-  if (!port) {
+  if (!detectedPort) {
     throw new Error('Failed to start anvil');
   }
 
-  // Monkeypatch the anvil instance to include the actually assigned port
-  // Object.defineProperty(anvil, 'port', { value: port, writable: false });
-  return { anvil, methodCalls, stop: () => anvil.stop(), rpcUrl: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}` };
+  const port = detectedPort;
+  let status: 'listening' | 'idle' = 'listening';
+
+  anvil.once('close', () => {
+    status = 'idle';
+  });
+
+  const stop = async () => {
+    if (status === 'idle') {
+      return;
+    }
+    await killChild(anvil);
+  };
+
+  const anvilObj: Anvil = {
+    port,
+    host: '127.0.0.1',
+    get status() {
+      return status;
+    },
+    stop,
+  };
+
+  return { anvil: anvilObj, methodCalls, stop, rpcUrl: `http://127.0.0.1:${port}` };
+}
+
+/** Send SIGTERM, wait up to 5 s, then SIGKILL. All timers are always cleared. */
+function killChild(child: ChildProcess): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+    if (child.exitCode !== null || child.killed) {
+      child.stdout?.destroy();
+      child.stderr?.destroy();
+      resolve();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    let killTimer: NodeJS.Timeout | undefined;
+
+    const onClose = () => {
+      if (killTimer !== undefined) {
+        clearTimeout(killTimer);
+      }
+      // Destroy stdio streams so their PipeWrap handles don't keep the event loop alive.
+      child.stdout?.destroy();
+      child.stderr?.destroy();
+      resolve();
+    };
+
+    child.once('close', onClose);
+    child.kill('SIGTERM');
+
+    killTimer = setTimeout(() => {
+      killTimer = undefined;
+      child.kill('SIGKILL');
+    }, 5000);
+
+    // Ensure the timer does not prevent Node from exiting.
+    killTimer.unref();
+  });
 }