@aztec/ethereum 0.0.1-commit.5daedc8 → 0.0.1-commit.6201a7b05

package/dest/l1_tx_utils/l1_tx_utils.js

@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@ import { maxBigint } from '@aztec/foundation/bigint';
 import { merge, pick } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { InterruptError, TimeoutError } from '@aztec/foundation/error';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { Semaphore } from '@aztec/foundation/queue';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { sleep } from '@aztec/foundation/sleep';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/RollupAbi';
 import pickBy from 'lodash.pickby';
-import { createNonceManager, formatGwei, serializeTransaction } from 'viem';
-import { jsonRpc } from 'viem/nonce';
+import { formatGwei, serializeTransaction } from 'viem';
 import { formatViemError } from '../utils.js';
 import { l1TxUtilsConfigMappings } from './config.js';
-import { LARGE_GAS_LIMIT } from './constants.js';
+import { MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT } from './constants.js';
 import { ReadOnlyL1TxUtils } from './readonly_l1_tx_utils.js';
+import { createDelayer, wrapClientWithDelayer } from './tx_delayer.js';
 import { DroppedTransactionError, TerminalTxUtilsState, TxUtilsState, UnknownMinedTxError } from './types.js';
 const MAX_L1_TX_STATES = 32;
 export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
@@ -21,13 +22,28 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     signer;
     store;
     metrics;
-    nonceManager;
     txs;
-    constructor(client, address, signer, logger = createLogger('ethereum:publisher'), dateProvider = new DateProvider(), config, debugMaxGasLimit = false, store, metrics){
-        super(client, logger, dateProvider, config, debugMaxGasLimit), this.client = client, this.address = address, this.signer = signer, this.store = store, this.metrics = metrics, this.txs = [];
-        this.nonceManager = createNonceManager({
-            source: jsonRpc()
-        });
+    /** Last nonce successfully sent to the chain. Used as a lower bound when a fallback RPC node returns a stale count. */ lastSentNonce;
+    /** Mutex to prevent concurrent sendTransaction calls from racing on the same nonce. */ sendMutex;
+    /** Tx delayer for testing. Only set when enableDelayer config is true. */ delayer;
+    /** KZG instance for blob operations. */ kzg;
+    constructor(client, address, signer, logger = createLogger('ethereum:publisher'), dateProvider = new DateProvider(), config, debugMaxGasLimit = false, store, metrics, kzg, delayer){
+        super(client, logger, dateProvider, config, debugMaxGasLimit), this.client = client, this.address = address, this.signer = signer, this.store = store, this.metrics = metrics, this.txs = [], this.sendMutex = new Semaphore(1);
+        this.kzg = kzg;
+        // Set up delayer: use provided one or create new
+        if (config?.enableDelayer && config?.ethereumSlotDuration) {
+            this.delayer = delayer ?? this.createDelayer({
+                ethereumSlotDuration: config.ethereumSlotDuration
+            }, logger.getBindings());
+            this.client = wrapClientWithDelayer(this.client, this.delayer);
+            if (config.txDelayerMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot !== undefined) {
+                this.delayer.setMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot(config.txDelayerMaxInclusionTimeIntoSlot);
+            }
+        } else if (delayer) {
+            // Delayer provided but enableDelayer not set — just store it without wrapping
+            logger.warn('Delayer provided but enableDelayer config is not set; delayer will not be used');
+            this.delayer = delayer;
+        }
     }
     get state() {
         return this.txs.at(-1)?.status ?? TxUtilsState.IDLE;
@@ -46,6 +62,11 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             this.metrics?.recordMinedTx(l1TxState, new Date(l1Timestamp));
         } else if (newState === TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED) {
             this.metrics?.recordDroppedTx(l1TxState);
+            // The tx was dropped: the chain nonce reverted to l1TxState.nonce, so our lower bound is
+            // no longer valid. Clear it so the next send fetches the real nonce from the chain.
+            if (this.lastSentNonce === l1TxState.nonce) {
+                this.lastSentNonce = undefined;
+            }
         }
         // Update state in the store
         await this.store?.saveState(sender, l1TxState).catch((err)=>this.logger.error('Failed to persist L1 tx state', err));
@@ -75,11 +96,24 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             this.logger.debug(`No states to rehydrate for account ${account}`);
             return;
         }
-        // Convert loaded states (which have id) to the txs format
-        this.txs = loadedStates;
-        this.logger.info(`Rehydrated ${loadedStates.length} tx states for account ${account}`);
+        // Clean up excess states if we have more than MAX_L1_TX_STATES
+        if (loadedStates.length > MAX_L1_TX_STATES) {
+            this.logger.warn(`Found ${loadedStates.length} tx states for account ${account}, pruning to most recent ${MAX_L1_TX_STATES}`);
+            // Keep only the most recent MAX_L1_TX_STATES
+            const statesToKeep = loadedStates.slice(-MAX_L1_TX_STATES);
+            const statesToDelete = loadedStates.slice(0, -MAX_L1_TX_STATES);
+            // Batch delete old states in a transaction for efficiency
+            const idsToDelete = statesToDelete.map((s)=>s.id);
+            await this.store.deleteState(account, ...idsToDelete);
+            this.txs = statesToKeep;
+            this.logger.info(`Cleaned up ${statesToDelete.length} old tx states, kept ${statesToKeep.length} for account ${account}`);
+        } else {
+            // Convert loaded states (which have id) to the txs format
+            this.txs = loadedStates;
+            this.logger.info(`Rehydrated ${loadedStates.length} tx states for account ${account}`);
+        }
         // Find all pending states and resume monitoring
-        const pendingStates = loadedStates.filter((state)=>!TerminalTxUtilsState.includes(state.status));
+        const pendingStates = this.txs.filter((state)=>!TerminalTxUtilsState.includes(state.status));
         if (pendingStates.length === 0) {
             return;
         }
@@ -121,7 +155,7 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             const account = this.getSenderAddress().toString();
             let gasLimit;
             if (this.debugMaxGasLimit) {
-                gasLimit = LARGE_GAS_LIMIT;
+                gasLimit = MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT;
             } else if (gasConfig.gasLimit) {
                 gasLimit = gasConfig.gasLimit;
             } else {
@@ -135,34 +169,44 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             if (this.interrupted) {
                 throw new InterruptError(`Transaction sending is interrupted`);
             }
-            const nonce = await this.nonceManager.consume({
-                client: this.client,
-                address: account,
-                chainId: this.client.chain.id
-            });
-            const baseState = {
-                request,
-                gasLimit,
-                blobInputs,
-                gasPrice,
-                nonce
-            };
-            const txData = this.makeTxData(baseState, {
-                isCancelTx: false
-            });
             const now = new Date(await this.getL1Timestamp());
             if (gasConfig.txTimeoutAt && now > gasConfig.txTimeoutAt) {
                 throw new TimeoutError(`Transaction timed out before sending (now ${now.toISOString()} > timeoutAt ${gasConfig.txTimeoutAt.toISOString()})`);
             }
-            // Send the new tx
-            const signedRequest = await this.prepareSignedTransaction(txData);
-            const txHash = await this.client.sendRawTransaction({
-                serializedTransaction: signedRequest
-            });
+            let txHash;
+            let nonce;
+            let baseState;
+            await this.sendMutex.acquire();
+            try {
+                const chainNonce = await this.client.getTransactionCount({
+                    address: account,
+                    blockTag: 'pending'
+                });
+                // If a fallback RPC node returns a stale count (lower than what we last sent), use our
+                // local lower bound to avoid sending a duplicate of an already-pending transaction.
+                nonce = this.lastSentNonce !== undefined && chainNonce <= this.lastSentNonce ? this.lastSentNonce + 1 : chainNonce;
+                baseState = {
+                    request,
+                    gasLimit,
+                    blobInputs,
+                    gasPrice,
+                    nonce
+                };
+                const txData = this.makeTxData(baseState, {
+                    isCancelTx: false
+                });
+                const signedRequest = await this.prepareSignedTransaction(txData);
+                txHash = await this.client.sendRawTransaction({
+                    serializedTransaction: signedRequest
+                });
+                this.lastSentNonce = nonce;
+            } finally{
+                this.sendMutex.release();
+            }
             // Create the new state for monitoring
             const l1TxState = {
                 ...baseState,
-                id: await this.store?.consumeNextStateId(account) ?? Math.max(...this.txs.map((tx)=>tx.id), 0),
+                id: await this.store?.consumeNextStateId(account) ?? Math.max(...this.txs.map((tx)=>tx.id), -1) + 1,
                 txHashes: [
                     txHash
                 ],
@@ -204,7 +248,7 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             };
         } catch (err) {
             const viemError = formatViemError(err, request.abi);
-            this.logger.error(`Failed to send L1 transaction`, viemError, {
+            this.logger.error(`Failed to send L1 transaction: ${viemError.message}`, viemError, {
                 request: pick(request, 'to', 'value')
             });
             throw viemError;
@@ -333,10 +377,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
                         timePassed
                     });
                     await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-                    this.nonceManager.reset({
-                        address: account,
-                        chainId: this.client.chain.id
-                    });
                     throw new DroppedTransactionError(nonce, account);
                 }
                 // Break if the tx has timed out (ie expired)
@@ -408,15 +448,7 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         }
         // Oh no, the transaction has timed out!
         if (isCancelTx || !gasConfig.cancelTxOnTimeout) {
-            // If this was already a cancellation tx, or we are configured to not cancel txs, we just mark it as NOT_MINED
-            // and reset the nonce manager, so the next tx that comes along can reuse the nonce if/when this tx gets dropped.
-            // This is the nastiest scenario for us, since the new tx could acquire the next nonce, but then this tx is dropped,
-            // and the new tx would never get mined. Eventually, the new tx would also drop.
             await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-            this.nonceManager.reset({
-                address: account,
-                chainId: this.client.chain.id
-            });
         } else {
             // Otherwise we fire the cancellation without awaiting to avoid blocking the caller,
             // and monitor it in the background so we can speed it up as needed.
@@ -509,11 +541,11 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             from: request.from ?? this.getSenderAddress().toString(),
             maxFeePerGas: gasPrice.maxFeePerGas,
             maxPriorityFeePerGas: gasPrice.maxPriorityFeePerGas,
-            gas: request.gas ?? LARGE_GAS_LIMIT
+            gas: request.gas ?? MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT
         };
         if (!request.gas && !gasConfig.ignoreBlockGasLimit) {
-            // LARGE_GAS_LIMIT is set as call.gas, increase block gasLimit
-            blockOverrides.gasLimit = LARGE_GAS_LIMIT * 2n;
+            // MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT is set as call.gas, ensure block gasLimit is sufficient
+            blockOverrides.gasLimit = MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT;
         }
         return this._simulate(call, blockOverrides, stateOverrides, gasConfig, abi);
     }
@@ -532,10 +564,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
                 account
             });
             await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-            this.nonceManager.reset({
-                address: account,
-                chainId: this.client.chain.id
-            });
             return;
         }
         // Check if the original tx is still pending
@@ -550,10 +578,6 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
                 currentNonce
             });
             await this.updateState(state, TxUtilsState.NOT_MINED);
-            this.nonceManager.reset({
-                address: account,
-                chainId: this.client.chain.id
-            });
             return;
         }
         // Get gas price with higher priority fee for cancellation
@@ -604,7 +628,20 @@ export class L1TxUtils extends ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         });
         return Number(timestamp) * 1000;
     }
-    /** Makes empty blob inputs for the cancellation tx. To be overridden in L1TxUtilsWithBlobs. */ makeEmptyBlobInputs(_maxFeePerBlobGas) {
-        throw new Error('Cannot make empty blob inputs for cancellation');
+    /** Makes empty blob inputs for the cancellation tx. */ makeEmptyBlobInputs(maxFeePerBlobGas) {
+        if (!this.kzg) {
+            throw new Error('Cannot make empty blob inputs for cancellation without kzg');
+        }
+        const blobData = new Uint8Array(131072).fill(0);
+        return {
+            blobs: [
+                blobData
+            ],
+            kzg: this.kzg,
+            maxFeePerBlobGas
+        };
+    }
+    /** Creates a new delayer instance. */ createDelayer(opts, bindings) {
+        return createDelayer(this.dateProvider, opts, bindings);
     }
 }

package/dest/l1_tx_utils/readonly_l1_tx_utils.d.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+import type { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import { type Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
-import { type Abi, type Account, type BlockOverrides, type Hex, type StateOverride } from 'viem';
+import { type Abi, type Account, type BlockOverrides, type GetCodeReturnType, type Hex, type StateOverride } from 'viem';
 import type { ViemClient } from '../types.js';
 import { type L1TxUtilsConfig } from './config.js';
 import type { GasPrice, L1BlobInputs, L1TxRequest, TransactionStats } from './types.js';
@@ -44,15 +45,7 @@ export declare class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         transactions: `0x${string}`[];
     }>;
     getBlockNumber(): Promise<bigint>;
-    /**
-     * Analyzes pending transactions and recent fee history to determine a competitive priority fee.
-     * Falls back to network estimate if data is unavailable or fails.
-     * @param networkEstimateResult - Result from estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas RPC call
-     * @param pendingBlockResult - Result from getBlock with pending tag RPC call
-     * @param feeHistoryResult - Result from getFeeHistory RPC call
-     * @returns A competitive priority fee based on pending txs and recent block history
-     */
-    protected getCompetitivePriorityFee(networkEstimateResult: PromiseSettledResult<bigint | null>, pendingBlockResult: PromiseSettledResult<Awaited<ReturnType<ViemClient['getBlock']>> | null>, feeHistoryResult: PromiseSettledResult<Awaited<ReturnType<ViemClient['getFeeHistory']>> | null>): bigint;
+    getCode(address: EthAddress): Promise<GetCodeReturnType>;
     /**
      * Gets the current gas price with bounds checking
      */
@@ -86,9 +79,5 @@ export declare class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         result: `0x${string}`;
     }>;
     bumpGasLimit(gasLimit: bigint, _gasConfig?: L1TxUtilsConfig): bigint;
-    /**
-     * Helper function to retry RPC calls twice
-     */
-    private tryTwice;
 }
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package/dest/l1_tx_utils/readonly_l1_tx_utils.js

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-import { getKeys, median, merge, pick, times } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import { getKeys, merge, pick, times } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/RollupAbi';
 import pickBy from 'lodash.pickby';
 import { MethodNotFoundRpcError, MethodNotSupportedRpcError, decodeErrorResult, formatGwei, getContractError, hexToBytes } from 'viem';
 import { defaultL1TxUtilsConfig, l1TxUtilsConfigMappings } from './config.js';
-import { BLOCK_TIME_MS, LARGE_GAS_LIMIT, MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE, MIN_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE, WEI_CONST } from './constants.js';
+import { BLOCK_TIME_MS, MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT, MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE, MIN_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE, WEI_CONST } from './constants.js';
+import { P75AllTxsPriorityFeeStrategy } from './fee-strategies/index.js';
 import { getCalldataGasUsage, tryGetCustomErrorNameContractFunction } from './utils.js';
-const HISTORICAL_BLOCK_COUNT = 5;
+// Change this to the current strategy we want to use
+const CurrentStrategy = P75AllTxsPriorityFeeStrategy;
 export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     client;
     logger;
@@ -35,149 +37,51 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
     getBlockNumber() {
         return this.client.getBlockNumber();
     }
-    /**
-   * Analyzes pending transactions and recent fee history to determine a competitive priority fee.
-   * Falls back to network estimate if data is unavailable or fails.
-   * @param networkEstimateResult - Result from estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas RPC call
-   * @param pendingBlockResult - Result from getBlock with pending tag RPC call
-   * @param feeHistoryResult - Result from getFeeHistory RPC call
-   * @returns A competitive priority fee based on pending txs and recent block history
-   */ getCompetitivePriorityFee(networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult) {
-        const networkEstimate = networkEstimateResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof networkEstimateResult.value === 'bigint' ? networkEstimateResult.value : 0n;
-        let competitiveFee = networkEstimate;
-        if (pendingBlockResult.status === 'fulfilled' && pendingBlockResult.value !== null && pendingBlockResult.value.transactions && pendingBlockResult.value.transactions.length > 0) {
-            const pendingBlock = pendingBlockResult.value;
-            // Extract priority fees from pending transactions
-            const pendingFees = pendingBlock.transactions.map((tx)=>{
-                // Transaction can be just a hash string, so we need to check if it's an object
-                if (typeof tx === 'string') {
-                    return 0n;
-                }
-                const fee = tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas || 0n;
-                // Debug: Log suspicious fees
-                if (fee > 100n * WEI_CONST) {
-                    this.logger?.warn('Suspicious high priority fee in pending tx', {
-                        txHash: tx.hash,
-                        maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(fee),
-                        maxFeePerGas: formatGwei(tx.maxFeePerGas || 0n),
-                        maxFeePerBlobGas: tx.maxFeePerBlobGas ? formatGwei(tx.maxFeePerBlobGas) : 'N/A'
-                    });
-                }
-                return fee;
-            }).filter((fee)=>fee > 0n);
-            if (pendingFees.length > 0) {
-                // Use 75th percentile of pending fees to be competitive
-                const sortedPendingFees = [
-                    ...pendingFees
-                ].sort((a, b)=>a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0);
-                const percentile75Index = Math.floor((sortedPendingFees.length - 1) * 0.75);
-                const pendingCompetitiveFee = sortedPendingFees[percentile75Index];
-                if (pendingCompetitiveFee > competitiveFee) {
-                    competitiveFee = pendingCompetitiveFee;
-                }
-                this.logger?.debug('Analyzed pending transactions for competitive pricing', {
-                    pendingTxCount: pendingFees.length,
-                    pendingP75: formatGwei(pendingCompetitiveFee)
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        if (feeHistoryResult.status === 'fulfilled' && feeHistoryResult.value !== null && feeHistoryResult.value.reward && feeHistoryResult.value.reward.length > 0) {
-            const feeHistory = feeHistoryResult.value;
-            // Extract 75th percentile fees from each block
-            const percentile75Fees = feeHistory.reward.map((rewards)=>rewards[0] || 0n).filter((fee)=>fee > 0n);
-            if (percentile75Fees.length > 0) {
-                // Calculate median of the 75th percentile fees across blocks
-                const medianHistoricalFee = median(percentile75Fees) ?? 0n;
-                // Debug: Log suspicious fees from history
-                if (medianHistoricalFee > 100n * WEI_CONST) {
-                    this.logger?.warn('Suspicious high fee in history', {
-                        historicalMedian: formatGwei(medianHistoricalFee),
-                        allP75Fees: percentile75Fees.map((f)=>formatGwei(f))
-                    });
-                }
-                if (medianHistoricalFee > competitiveFee) {
-                    competitiveFee = medianHistoricalFee;
-                }
-                this.logger?.debug('Analyzed fee history for competitive pricing', {
-                    historicalMedian: formatGwei(medianHistoricalFee)
-                });
-            }
-        }
-        // Sanity check: cap competitive fee at 100x network estimate to avoid using unrealistic fees
-        // (e.g., Anvil returns inflated historical fees that don't reflect actual network conditions)
-        const maxReasonableFee = networkEstimate * 100n;
-        if (competitiveFee > maxReasonableFee) {
-            this.logger?.warn('Competitive fee exceeds sanity cap, using capped value', {
-                competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitiveFee),
-                networkEstimate: formatGwei(networkEstimate),
-                cappedTo: formatGwei(maxReasonableFee)
-            });
-            competitiveFee = maxReasonableFee;
-        }
-        // Log final decision
-        if (competitiveFee > networkEstimate) {
-            this.logger?.debug('Using competitive fee from market analysis', {
-                networkEstimate: formatGwei(networkEstimate),
-                competitive: formatGwei(competitiveFee)
-            });
-        }
-        return competitiveFee;
+    getCode(address) {
+        return this.client.getCode({
+            address: address.toString()
+        });
     }
     /**
    * Gets the current gas price with bounds checking
    */ async getGasPrice(gasConfigOverrides, isBlobTx = false, attempt = 0, previousGasPrice) {
         const gasConfig = merge(this.config, gasConfigOverrides);
-        // Make all RPC calls in parallel upfront with retry logic
-        const latestBlockPromise = this.tryTwice(()=>this.client.getBlock({
-                blockTag: 'latest'
-            }), 'Getting latest block');
-        const networkEstimatePromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas ? null : this.tryTwice(()=>this.client.estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas(), 'Estimating max priority fee per gas');
-        const pendingBlockPromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas ? null : this.tryTwice(()=>this.client.getBlock({
-                blockTag: 'pending',
-                includeTransactions: true
-            }), 'Getting pending block');
-        const feeHistoryPromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas ? null : this.tryTwice(()=>this.client.getFeeHistory({
-                blockCount: HISTORICAL_BLOCK_COUNT,
-                rewardPercentiles: [
-                    75
-                ]
-            }), 'Getting fee history');
-        const blobBaseFeePromise = isBlobTx ? this.tryTwice(()=>this.client.getBlobBaseFee(), 'Getting blob base fee') : null;
-        const [latestBlockResult, networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult, blobBaseFeeResult] = await Promise.allSettled([
-            latestBlockPromise,
-            networkEstimatePromise ?? Promise.resolve(0n),
-            pendingBlockPromise ?? Promise.resolve(null),
-            feeHistoryPromise ?? Promise.resolve(null),
-            blobBaseFeePromise ?? Promise.resolve(0n)
-        ]);
-        // Extract results
-        const baseFee = latestBlockResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof latestBlockResult.value === 'object' && latestBlockResult.value.baseFeePerGas ? latestBlockResult.value.baseFeePerGas : 0n;
-        // Get blob base fee if available
-        let blobBaseFee = 0n;
-        if (isBlobTx && blobBaseFeeResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof blobBaseFeeResult.value === 'bigint') {
-            blobBaseFee = blobBaseFeeResult.value;
-        } else if (isBlobTx) {
+        // Execute strategy - it handles all RPC calls internally and returns everything we need
+        const strategyResult = await retry(()=>CurrentStrategy.execute(this.client, {
+                gasConfig,
+                isBlobTx,
+                logger: this.logger
+            }), 'Executing priority fee strategy', makeBackoff(times(2, ()=>0)), this.logger, true);
+        const { latestBlock, blobBaseFee, priorityFee: strategyPriorityFee } = strategyResult;
+        // Extract base fee from latest block
+        const baseFee = latestBlock.baseFeePerGas ?? 0n;
+        // Handle blob base fee
+        if (isBlobTx && blobBaseFee === undefined) {
             this.logger?.warn('Failed to get L1 blob base fee', attempt);
         }
-        let priorityFee;
-        if (gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-            this.logger?.debug('Using fixed priority fee per L1 gas', {
-                fixedPriorityFeePerGas: gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
-            });
-            priorityFee = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas * Number(WEI_CONST)));
-        } else {
-            // Get competitive priority fee (includes network estimate + analysis)
-            priorityFee = this.getCompetitivePriorityFee(networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult);
+        let priorityFee = strategyPriorityFee;
+        // Apply minimum priority fee floor if configured
+        if (gasConfig.minimumPriorityFeePerGas) {
+            const minimumPriorityFee = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.minimumPriorityFeePerGas * Number(WEI_CONST)));
+            if (priorityFee < minimumPriorityFee) {
+                this.logger?.debug('Applying minimum priority fee floor', {
+                    calculatedPriorityFee: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+                    minimumPriorityFeePerGas: gasConfig.minimumPriorityFeePerGas,
+                    appliedFee: formatGwei(minimumPriorityFee)
+                });
+                priorityFee = minimumPriorityFee;
+            }
         }
         let maxFeePerGas = baseFee;
-        let maxFeePerBlobGas = blobBaseFee;
+        let maxFeePerBlobGas = blobBaseFee ?? 0n;
         // Bump base fee so it's valid for next blocks if it stalls
         const numBlocks = Math.ceil(gasConfig.stallTimeMs / BLOCK_TIME_MS);
         for(let i = 0; i < numBlocks; i++){
             // each block can go up 12.5% from previous baseFee
-            maxFeePerGas = maxFeePerGas * (1_000n + 125n) / 1_000n;
+            // ceil, (a+b-1)/b, to avoid truncation at small values (e.g. 1 wei blob base fee)
+            maxFeePerGas = (maxFeePerGas * (1_000n + 125n) + 999n) / 1_000n;
             // same for blob gas fee
-            maxFeePerBlobGas = maxFeePerBlobGas * (1_000n + 125n) / 1_000n;
+            maxFeePerBlobGas = (maxFeePerBlobGas * (1_000n + 125n) + 999n) / 1_000n;
         }
         if (attempt > 0) {
             const configBump = gasConfig.priorityFeeRetryBumpPercentage ?? defaultL1TxUtilsConfig.priorityFeeRetryBumpPercentage;
@@ -188,17 +92,14 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             // multiply by 100 & divide by 100 to maintain some precision
             const minPriorityFee = previousGasPrice.maxPriorityFeePerGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
             const minMaxFee = previousGasPrice.maxFeePerGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
-            let competitivePriorityFee = priorityFee;
-            if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-                // Apply bump percentage to competitive fee
-                competitivePriorityFee = priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt(configBump * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
-                this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up attempt ${attempt}: using competitive fee strategy`, {
-                    networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
-                    competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitivePriorityFee),
-                    minRequired: formatGwei(minPriorityFee),
-                    bumpPercentage: configBump
-                });
-            }
+            // Apply bump percentage to competitive fee
+            const competitivePriorityFee = priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt(configBump * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
+            this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up attempt ${attempt}: using competitive fee strategy`, {
+                networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+                competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitivePriorityFee),
+                minRequired: formatGwei(minPriorityFee),
+                bumpPercentage: configBump
+            });
             // Use maximum between competitive fee and minimum required bump
             const finalPriorityFee = competitivePriorityFee > minPriorityFee ? competitivePriorityFee : minPriorityFee;
             const feeSource = finalPriorityFee === competitivePriorityFee ? 'competitive' : 'minimum-bump';
@@ -206,20 +107,16 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             // Add the final priority fee to maxFeePerGas
             maxFeePerGas += finalPriorityFee;
             maxFeePerGas = maxFeePerGas > minMaxFee ? maxFeePerGas : minMaxFee;
-            if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-                this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up fee decision: using ${feeSource} fee`, {
-                    finalPriorityFee: formatGwei(finalPriorityFee)
-                });
-            }
+            this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up fee decision: using ${feeSource} fee`, {
+                finalPriorityFee: formatGwei(finalPriorityFee)
+            });
         } else {
             // First attempt: apply configured bump percentage to competitive fee
             // multiply by 100 & divide by 100 to maintain some precision
-            if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
-                priorityFee = priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt((gasConfig.priorityFeeBumpPercentage || 0) * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
-                this.logger?.debug('Initial transaction: using competitive fee from market analysis', {
-                    networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee)
-                });
-            }
+            priorityFee = priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt((gasConfig.priorityFeeBumpPercentage || 0) * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
+            this.logger?.debug('Initial transaction: using competitive fee from market analysis', {
+                networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee)
+            });
             maxFeePerGas += priorityFee;
         }
         // maxGwei and maxBlobGwei are hard limits
@@ -247,7 +144,7 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
             baseFee: formatGwei(baseFee),
             maxFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxFeePerGas),
             maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxPriorityFeePerGas),
-            blobBaseFee: formatGwei(blobBaseFee),
+            blobBaseFee: formatGwei(blobBaseFee ?? 0n),
             maxFeePerBlobGas: formatGwei(maxFeePerBlobGas)
         });
         return {
@@ -267,21 +164,26 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         };
         let initialEstimate = 0n;
         if (_blobInputs) {
-            // @note requests with blobs also require maxFeePerBlobGas to be set
+            // @note requests with blobs also require maxFeePerBlobGas to be set.
+            // Use 2x buffer for maxFeePerBlobGas to avoid stale fees and to pass EIP-4844 validation (even if it is a gas estimation call).
+            // 1. maxFeePerBlobGas >= blobBaseFee
+            // 2. account balance >= gas * maxFeePerGas + maxFeePerBlobGas * blobCount + value
             const gasPrice = await this.getGasPrice(gasConfig, true, 0);
             initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({
                 account,
                 ...request,
                 ..._blobInputs,
-                maxFeePerBlobGas: gasPrice.maxFeePerBlobGas,
-                gas: LARGE_GAS_LIMIT
+                maxFeePerBlobGas: gasPrice.maxFeePerBlobGas * 2n,
+                gas: MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT,
+                blockTag: 'latest'
             });
             this.logger?.trace(`Estimated gas for blob tx: ${initialEstimate}`);
         } else {
             initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({
                 account,
                 ...request,
-                gas: LARGE_GAS_LIMIT
+                gas: MAX_L1_TX_LIMIT,
+                blockTag: 'latest'
             });
             this.logger?.trace(`Estimated gas for non-blob tx: ${initialEstimate}`);
         }
@@ -422,9 +324,4 @@ export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
         });
         return bumpedGasLimit;
     }
-    /**
-   * Helper function to retry RPC calls twice
-   */ tryTwice(fn, description) {
-        return retry(fn, description, makeBackoff(times(2, ()=>0)), this.logger, true);
-    }
 }