@aztec/ethereum 0.0.0-test.1 → 0.0.1-commit.b655e406

package/src/deploy_l1_contracts.ts

@@ -1,93 +1,98 @@
+import { L1_TO_L2_MSG_SUBTREE_HEIGHT } from '@aztec/constants';
+import { SecretValue, getActiveNetworkName } from '@aztec/foundation/config';
+import { keccak256String } from '@aztec/foundation/crypto';
 import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
 import type { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/fields';
+import { jsonStringify } from '@aztec/foundation/json-rpc';
 import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
-import {
-  CoinIssuerAbi,
-  CoinIssuerBytecode,
-  ExtRollupLibAbi,
-  ExtRollupLibBytecode,
-  FeeJuicePortalAbi,
-  FeeJuicePortalBytecode,
-  ForwarderAbi,
-  ForwarderBytecode,
-  GovernanceAbi,
-  GovernanceBytecode,
-  GovernanceProposerAbi,
-  GovernanceProposerBytecode,
-  InboxAbi,
-  InboxBytecode,
-  OutboxAbi,
-  OutboxBytecode,
-  RegisterNewRollupVersionPayloadAbi,
-  RegisterNewRollupVersionPayloadBytecode,
-  RegistryAbi,
-  RegistryBytecode,
-  RewardDistributorAbi,
-  RewardDistributorBytecode,
-  RollupAbi,
-  RollupBytecode,
-  RollupLinkReferences,
-  SlashFactoryAbi,
-  SlashFactoryBytecode,
-  TestERC20Abi,
-  TestERC20Bytecode,
-  ValidatorSelectionLibAbi,
-  ValidatorSelectionLibBytecode,
-} from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
+import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/RollupAbi';
 
 import type { Abi, Narrow } from 'abitype';
+import { mkdir, writeFile } from 'fs/promises';
+import chunk from 'lodash.chunk';
 import {
   type Chain,
+  type ContractConstructorArgs,
+  type HDAccount,
   type Hex,
+  type PrivateKeyAccount,
   concatHex,
-  createPublicClient,
-  createWalletClient,
+  encodeAbiParameters,
   encodeDeployData,
   encodeFunctionData,
-  fallback,
   getAddress,
   getContract,
   getContractAddress,
-  http,
   numberToHex,
   padHex,
-  publicActions,
 } from 'viem';
-import { type HDAccount, type PrivateKeyAccount, mnemonicToAccount, privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';
 import { foundry } from 'viem/chains';
 
 import { isAnvilTestChain } from './chain.js';
-import type { L1ContractsConfig } from './config.js';
+import { createExtendedL1Client } from './client.js';
+import {
+  type L1ContractsConfig,
+  getEntryQueueConfig,
+  getGovernanceConfiguration,
+  getRewardBoostConfig,
+  getRewardConfig,
+  validateConfig,
+} from './config.js';
+import { GSEContract } from './contracts/gse.js';
+import { deployMulticall3 } from './contracts/multicall.js';
 import { RegistryContract } from './contracts/registry.js';
-import { RollupContract } from './contracts/rollup.js';
+import { RollupContract, SlashingProposerType } from './contracts/rollup.js';
+import {
+  CoinIssuerArtifact,
+  DateGatedRelayerArtifact,
+  FeeAssetArtifact,
+  FeeAssetHandlerArtifact,
+  GSEArtifact,
+  GovernanceArtifact,
+  GovernanceProposerArtifact,
+  MultiAdderArtifact,
+  RegisterNewRollupVersionPayloadArtifact,
+  RegistryArtifact,
+  RollupArtifact,
+  SlashFactoryArtifact,
+  StakingAssetArtifact,
+  StakingAssetHandlerArtifact,
+  l1ArtifactsVerifiers,
+  mockVerifiers,
+} from './l1_artifacts.js';
 import type { L1ContractAddresses } from './l1_contract_addresses.js';
 import {
   type GasPrice,
+  type L1TxConfig,
   type L1TxRequest,
   L1TxUtils,
   type L1TxUtilsConfig,
-  defaultL1TxUtilsConfig,
-} from './l1_tx_utils.js';
-import type { L1Clients, ViemPublicClient, ViemWalletClient } from './types.js';
+  createL1TxUtilsFromViemWallet,
+  getL1TxUtilsConfigEnvVars,
+} from './l1_tx_utils/index.js';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient } from './types.js';
+import { formatViemError } from './utils.js';
+import { ZK_PASSPORT_DOMAIN, ZK_PASSPORT_SCOPE, ZK_PASSPORT_VERIFIER_ADDRESS } from './zkPassportVerifierAddress.js';
 
 export const DEPLOYER_ADDRESS: Hex = '0x4e59b44847b379578588920cA78FbF26c0B4956C';
 
+export type Operator = {
+  attester: EthAddress;
+  withdrawer: EthAddress;
+  bn254SecretKey: SecretValue<bigint>;
+};
+
 /**
  * Return type of the deployL1Contract function.
  */
 export type DeployL1ContractsReturnType = {
-  /**
-   * Wallet Client Type.
-   */
-  walletClient: ViemWalletClient;
-  /**
-   * Public Client Type.
-   */
-  publicClient: ViemPublicClient;
-  /**
-   * The currently deployed l1 contract addresses
-   */
+  /** Extended Wallet Client Type. */
+  l1Client: ExtendedViemWalletClient;
+  /** The currently deployed l1 contract addresses */
   l1ContractAddresses: L1ContractAddresses;
+  /** Version of the current rollup contract. */
+  rollupVersion: number;
 };
 
 export interface LinkReferences {
@@ -107,11 +112,15 @@ export interface Libraries {
 /**
  * Contract artifacts
  */
-export interface ContractArtifacts {
+export interface ContractArtifacts<TAbi extends Abi | readonly unknown[] = Abi> {
+  /**
+   * The contract name.
+   */
+  name: string;
   /**
    * The contract abi.
    */
-  contractAbi: Narrow<Abi | readonly unknown[]>;
+  contractAbi: Narrow<TAbi>;
   /**
    * The contract bytecode
    */
@@ -122,305 +131,1247 @@ export interface ContractArtifacts {
   libraries?: Libraries;
 }
 
-export const l1Artifacts = {
-  registry: {
-    contractAbi: RegistryAbi,
-    contractBytecode: RegistryBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  inbox: {
-    contractAbi: InboxAbi,
-    contractBytecode: InboxBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  outbox: {
-    contractAbi: OutboxAbi,
-    contractBytecode: OutboxBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  rollup: {
-    contractAbi: RollupAbi,
-    contractBytecode: RollupBytecode as Hex,
-    libraries: {
-      linkReferences: RollupLinkReferences,
-      libraryCode: {
-        ValidatorSelectionLib: {
-          contractAbi: ValidatorSelectionLibAbi,
-          contractBytecode: ValidatorSelectionLibBytecode as Hex,
-        },
-        ExtRollupLib: {
-          contractAbi: ExtRollupLibAbi,
-          contractBytecode: ExtRollupLibBytecode as Hex,
-        },
-      },
-    },
-  },
-  stakingAsset: {
-    contractAbi: TestERC20Abi,
-    contractBytecode: TestERC20Bytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  feeAsset: {
-    contractAbi: TestERC20Abi,
-    contractBytecode: TestERC20Bytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  feeJuicePortal: {
-    contractAbi: FeeJuicePortalAbi,
-    contractBytecode: FeeJuicePortalBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  rewardDistributor: {
-    contractAbi: RewardDistributorAbi,
-    contractBytecode: RewardDistributorBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  coinIssuer: {
-    contractAbi: CoinIssuerAbi,
-    contractBytecode: CoinIssuerBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  governanceProposer: {
-    contractAbi: GovernanceProposerAbi,
-    contractBytecode: GovernanceProposerBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  governance: {
-    contractAbi: GovernanceAbi,
-    contractBytecode: GovernanceBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  slashFactory: {
-    contractAbi: SlashFactoryAbi,
-    contractBytecode: SlashFactoryBytecode as Hex,
-  },
-  registerNewRollupVersionPayload: {
-    contractAbi: RegisterNewRollupVersionPayloadAbi,
-    contractBytecode: RegisterNewRollupVersionPayloadBytecode as Hex,
-  },
+export type VerificationLibraryEntry = {
+  file: string;
+  contract: string;
+  address: string;
 };
 
-export interface DeployL1ContractsArgs extends L1ContractsConfig {
-  /**
-   * The address of the L2 Fee Juice contract.
-   * It should be an AztecAddress, but the type is defined in stdlib,
-   * which would create a circular import
-   * */
-  l2FeeJuiceAddress: Fr;
+export type VerificationRecord = {
+  name: string;
+  address: string;
+  constructorArgsHex: Hex;
+  libraries: VerificationLibraryEntry[];
+};
+
+export interface DeployL1ContractsArgs extends Omit<L1ContractsConfig, keyof L1TxUtilsConfig> {
   /** The vk tree root. */
   vkTreeRoot: Fr;
-  /** The protocol contract tree root. */
-  protocolContractTreeRoot: Fr;
+  /** The hash of the protocol contracts. */
+  protocolContractsHash: Fr;
   /** The genesis root of the archive tree. */
   genesisArchiveRoot: Fr;
-  /** The hash of the genesis block header. */
-  genesisBlockHash: Fr;
   /** The salt for CREATE2 deployment. */
   salt: number | undefined;
   /** The initial validators for the rollup contract. */
-  initialValidators?: EthAddress[];
+  initialValidators?: Operator[];
   /** Configuration for the L1 tx utils module. */
   l1TxConfig?: Partial<L1TxUtilsConfig>;
   /** Enable fast mode for deployments (fire and forget transactions) */
   acceleratedTestDeployments?: boolean;
+  /** The initial balance of the fee juice portal. This is the amount of fee juice that is prefunded to accounts */
+  feeJuicePortalInitialBalance?: bigint;
+  /** Whether to deploy the real verifier or the mock verifier */
+  realVerifier: boolean;
+  /** The zk passport args */
+  zkPassportArgs?: ZKPassportArgs;
+  /** If provided, use this token for BOTH fee and staking assets (skip deployments) */
+  existingTokenAddress?: EthAddress;
+}
+
+export interface ZKPassportArgs {
+  /** Whether to use the mock zk passport verifier */
+  mockZkPassportVerifier?: boolean;
+  /** The domain of the zk passport (url) */
+  zkPassportDomain?: string;
+  /** The scope of the zk passport (personhood, etc) */
+  zkPassportScope?: string;
 }
 
+// Minimal ERC20 ABI for validation purposes. We only read view methods.
+const ERC20_VALIDATION_ABI = [
+  {
+    type: 'function',
+    name: 'totalSupply',
+    stateMutability: 'view',
+    inputs: [],
+    outputs: [{ name: '', type: 'uint256' }],
+  },
+  {
+    type: 'function',
+    name: 'name',
+    stateMutability: 'view',
+    inputs: [],
+    outputs: [{ name: '', type: 'string' }],
+  },
+  {
+    type: 'function',
+    name: 'symbol',
+    stateMutability: 'view',
+    inputs: [],
+    outputs: [{ name: '', type: 'string' }],
+  },
+  {
+    type: 'function',
+    name: 'decimals',
+    stateMutability: 'view',
+    inputs: [],
+    outputs: [{ name: '', type: 'uint8' }],
+  },
+] as const;
+
 /**
- * Creates a wallet and a public viem client for interacting with L1.
- * @param rpcUrls - List of RPC URLs to connect to L1.
- * @param mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount - Mnemonic or account for the wallet client.
- * @param chain - Optional chain spec (defaults to local foundry).
- * @param addressIndex - Optional index of the address to use from the mnemonic.
- * @returns - A wallet and a public client.
+ * Validates that the provided address points to a contract that resembles an ERC20 token.
+ * Checks for contract code and attempts common ERC20 view calls.
+ * Throws an error if validation fails.
  */
-export function createL1Clients(
-  rpcUrls: string[],
-  mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount: string | `0x${string}` | HDAccount | PrivateKeyAccount,
-  chain: Chain = foundry,
-  addressIndex?: number,
-): L1Clients {
-  const hdAccount =
-    typeof mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount === 'string'
-      ? mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount.startsWith('0x')
-        ? privateKeyToAccount(mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount as `0x${string}`)
-        : mnemonicToAccount(mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount, { addressIndex })
-      : mnemonicOrPrivateKeyOrHdAccount;
-
-  // From what I can see, this is the difference between the HDAccount and the PrivateKeyAccount
-  // and we don't need it for anything. This lets us use the same type for both.
-  // eslint-disable-next-line camelcase
-  hdAccount.experimental_signAuthorization ??= () => {
-    throw new Error('experimental_signAuthorization not implemented for HDAccount');
-  };
+export async function validateExistingErc20TokenAddress(
+  l1Client: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  tokenAddress: EthAddress,
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<void> {
+  const addressString = tokenAddress.toString();
+
+  // Ensure there is contract code at the address
+  const code = await l1Client.getCode({ address: addressString });
+  if (!code || code === '0x') {
+    throw new Error(`No contract code found at provided token address ${addressString}`);
+  }
 
-  const walletClient = createWalletClient({
-    account: hdAccount,
-    chain,
-    transport: fallback(rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
-  }).extend(publicActions);
-  const publicClient = createPublicClient({
-    chain,
-    transport: fallback(rpcUrls.map(url => http(url))),
-    pollingInterval: 100,
+  const contract = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(addressString),
+    abi: ERC20_VALIDATION_ABI,
+    client: l1Client,
   });
 
-  return { walletClient, publicClient } as L1Clients;
+  // Validate all required ERC20 methods in parallel
+  const checks = [
+    contract.read.totalSupply().then(total => typeof total === 'bigint'),
+    contract.read.name().then(() => true),
+    contract.read.symbol().then(() => true),
+    contract.read.decimals().then(dec => typeof dec === 'number' || typeof dec === 'bigint'),
+  ];
+
+  const results = await Promise.allSettled(checks);
+  const failedChecks = results.filter(result => result.status === 'rejected' || result.value !== true);
+
+  if (failedChecks.length > 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Address ${addressString} does not appear to implement ERC20 view methods`);
+  }
+
+  logger.verbose(`Validated existing token at ${addressString} appears to be ERC20-compatible`);
 }
 
-export const deployRollupAndPeriphery = async (
-  clients: L1Clients,
+export const deploySharedContracts = async (
+  l1Client: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
   args: DeployL1ContractsArgs,
+  logger: Logger,
+) => {
+  const networkName = getActiveNetworkName();
+
+  logger.info(`Deploying shared contracts for network configuration: ${networkName}`);
+
+  const txHashes: Hex[] = [];
+
+  let feeAssetAddress: EthAddress;
+  let stakingAssetAddress: EthAddress;
+  if (args.existingTokenAddress) {
+    await validateExistingErc20TokenAddress(l1Client, args.existingTokenAddress, logger);
+    feeAssetAddress = args.existingTokenAddress;
+    stakingAssetAddress = args.existingTokenAddress;
+    logger.verbose(`Using existing token for fee and staking assets at ${args.existingTokenAddress}`);
+  } else {
+    const deployedFee = await deployer.deploy(FeeAssetArtifact, ['FeeJuice', 'FEE', l1Client.account.address]);
+    feeAssetAddress = deployedFee.address;
+    logger.verbose(`Deployed Fee Asset at ${feeAssetAddress}`);
+
+    // Mint a tiny bit of tokens to satisfy coin-issuer constraints
+    const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+      to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'mint',
+        args: [l1Client.account.address, 1n * 10n ** 18n],
+      }),
+    });
+    logger.verbose(`Minted tiny bit of tokens to satisfy coin-issuer constraints in ${txHash}`);
+
+    const deployedStaking = await deployer.deploy(StakingAssetArtifact, ['Staking', 'STK', l1Client.account.address]);
+    stakingAssetAddress = deployedStaking.address;
+    logger.verbose(`Deployed Staking Asset at ${stakingAssetAddress}`);
+
+    await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+  }
+
+  const gseAddress = (
+    await deployer.deploy(GSEArtifact, [
+      l1Client.account.address,
+      stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
+      args.activationThreshold,
+      args.ejectionThreshold,
+    ])
+  ).address;
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed GSE at ${gseAddress}`);
+
+  const { address: registryAddress } = await deployer.deploy(RegistryArtifact, [
+    l1Client.account.address,
+    feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+  ]);
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed Registry at ${registryAddress}`);
+
+  const { address: governanceProposerAddress } = await deployer.deploy(GovernanceProposerArtifact, [
+    registryAddress.toString(),
+    gseAddress.toString(),
+    BigInt(args.governanceProposerQuorum ?? args.governanceProposerRoundSize / 2 + 1),
+    BigInt(args.governanceProposerRoundSize),
+  ]);
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed GovernanceProposer at ${governanceProposerAddress}`);
+
+  // @note @LHerskind the assets are expected to be the same at some point, but for better
+  // configurability they are different for now.
+  const { address: governanceAddress } = await deployer.deploy(GovernanceArtifact, [
+    stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
+    governanceProposerAddress.toString(),
+    gseAddress.toString(),
+    getGovernanceConfiguration(networkName),
+  ]);
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed Governance at ${governanceAddress}`);
+
+  let needToSetGovernance = false;
+
+  const existingCode = await l1Client.getCode({ address: gseAddress.toString() });
+  if (!existingCode || existingCode === '0x') {
+    needToSetGovernance = true;
+  } else {
+    const gseContract = getContract({
+      address: getAddress(gseAddress.toString()),
+      abi: GSEArtifact.contractAbi,
+      client: l1Client,
+    });
+    const existingGovernance = await gseContract.read.getGovernance();
+    if (EthAddress.fromString(existingGovernance).equals(EthAddress.ZERO)) {
+      needToSetGovernance = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (needToSetGovernance) {
+    const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction(
+      {
+        to: gseAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: GSEArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'setGovernance',
+          args: [governanceAddress.toString()],
+        }),
+      },
+      { gasLimit: 100_000n },
+    );
+
+    logger.verbose(`Set governance on GSE in ${txHash}`);
+    txHashes.push(txHash);
+  }
+
+  const coinIssuerAddress = (
+    await deployer.deploy(CoinIssuerArtifact, [
+      feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+      2n * 10n ** 17n, // hard cap of 20% per year
+      l1Client.account.address,
+    ])
+  ).address;
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed CoinIssuer at ${coinIssuerAddress}`);
+
+  logger.verbose(`Waiting for deployments to complete`);
+  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+
+  // Registry ownership will be transferred to governance later, after rollup is added
+
+  let feeAssetHandlerAddress: EthAddress | undefined = undefined;
+  let stakingAssetHandlerAddress: EthAddress | undefined = undefined;
+  let zkPassportVerifierAddress: EthAddress | undefined = undefined;
+
+  // Only if not on mainnet will we deploy the handlers, and only when we control the token
+  if (l1Client.chain.id !== 1 && !args.existingTokenAddress) {
+    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+    /*                          CHEAT CODES START HERE                            */
+    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+    feeAssetHandlerAddress = (
+      await deployer.deploy(FeeAssetHandlerArtifact, [
+        l1Client.account.address,
+        feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+        BigInt(1000n * 10n ** 18n),
+      ])
+    ).address;
+    logger.verbose(`Deployed FeeAssetHandler at ${feeAssetHandlerAddress}`);
+
+    // Only if we are "fresh" will we be adding as a minter, otherwise above will simply get same address
+    if (needToSetGovernance) {
+      const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+        to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'addMinter',
+          args: [feeAssetHandlerAddress.toString()],
+        }),
+      });
+      logger.verbose(`Added fee asset handler ${feeAssetHandlerAddress} as minter on fee asset in ${txHash}`);
+      txHashes.push(txHash);
+    }
+
+    // Only if on sepolia will we deploy the staking asset handler
+    // Should not be deployed to devnet since it would cause caos with sequencers there etc.
+    if ([11155111, foundry.id].includes(l1Client.chain.id)) {
+      const AMIN = EthAddress.fromString('0x3b218d0F26d15B36C715cB06c949210a0d630637');
+      zkPassportVerifierAddress = await getZkPassportVerifierAddress(deployer, args);
+      const [domain, scope] = getZkPassportScopes(args);
+
+      const stakingAssetHandlerDeployArgs = {
+        owner: l1Client.account.address,
+        stakingAsset: stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
+        registry: registryAddress.toString(),
+        withdrawer: AMIN.toString(),
+        validatorsToFlush: 16n,
+        mintInterval: BigInt(60 * 60 * 24),
+        depositsPerMint: BigInt(10),
+        depositMerkleRoot: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+        zkPassportVerifier: zkPassportVerifierAddress.toString(),
+        unhinged: [AMIN.toString()], // isUnhinged,
+        // Scopes
+        domain: domain,
+        scope: scope,
+        // Skip checks
+        skipBindCheck: args.zkPassportArgs?.mockZkPassportVerifier ?? false,
+        skipMerkleCheck: true, // skip merkle check - needed for testing without generating proofs
+      } as const;
+
+      stakingAssetHandlerAddress = (await deployer.deploy(StakingAssetHandlerArtifact, [stakingAssetHandlerDeployArgs]))
+        .address;
+      logger.verbose(`Deployed StakingAssetHandler at ${stakingAssetHandlerAddress}`);
+
+      const { txHash: stakingMinterTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+        to: stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: StakingAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'addMinter',
+          args: [stakingAssetHandlerAddress.toString()],
+        }),
+      });
+      logger.verbose(
+        `Added staking asset handler ${stakingAssetHandlerAddress} as minter on staking asset in ${stakingMinterTxHash}`,
+      );
+      txHashes.push(stakingMinterTxHash);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /*                           CHEAT CODES END HERE                             */
+  /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  logger.verbose(`Waiting for deployments to complete`);
+  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+  await Promise.all(txHashes.map(txHash => l1Client.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
+
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed shared contracts`);
+
+  const registry = new RegistryContract(l1Client, registryAddress);
+
+  /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /*                      FUND REWARD DISTRIBUTOR START                         */
+  /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  const rewardDistributorAddress = await registry.getRewardDistributor();
+
+  if (!args.existingTokenAddress) {
+    const blockReward = getRewardConfig(networkName).blockReward;
+
+    const funding = blockReward * 200000n;
+    const { txHash: fundRewardDistributorTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+      to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'mint',
+        args: [rewardDistributorAddress.toString(), funding],
+      }),
+    });
+
+    logger.verbose(`Funded reward distributor with ${funding} fee asset in ${fundRewardDistributorTxHash}`);
+  } else {
+    logger.verbose(`Skipping reward distributor funding as existing token is provided`);
+  }
+
+  /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+  /*                      FUND REWARD DISTRIBUTOR STOP                          */
+  /* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+  return {
+    feeAssetAddress,
+    feeAssetHandlerAddress,
+    stakingAssetAddress,
+    stakingAssetHandlerAddress,
+    zkPassportVerifierAddress,
+    registryAddress,
+    gseAddress,
+    governanceAddress,
+    governanceProposerAddress,
+    coinIssuerAddress,
+    rewardDistributorAddress: await registry.getRewardDistributor(),
+  };
+};
+
+const getZkPassportVerifierAddress = async (deployer: L1Deployer, args: DeployL1ContractsArgs): Promise<EthAddress> => {
+  if (args.zkPassportArgs?.mockZkPassportVerifier) {
+    return (await deployer.deploy(mockVerifiers.mockZkPassportVerifier)).address;
+  }
+  return ZK_PASSPORT_VERIFIER_ADDRESS;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Get the zk passport scopes - default to testnet values if not provided
+ * @param args - The deployment arguments
+ * @returns The zk passport scopes
+ */
+const getZkPassportScopes = (args: DeployL1ContractsArgs): [string, string] => {
+  const domain = args.zkPassportArgs?.zkPassportDomain ?? ZK_PASSPORT_DOMAIN;
+  const scope = args.zkPassportArgs?.zkPassportScope ?? ZK_PASSPORT_SCOPE;
+  return [domain, scope];
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generates verification records for a deployed rollup and its associated contracts (Inbox, Outbox, Slasher, etc).
+ * @param rollup - The deployed rollup contract.
+ * @param deployer - The L1 deployer instance.
+ * @param args - The deployment arguments used for the rollup.
+ * @param addresses - The L1 contract addresses.
+ * @param extendedClient - The extended viem wallet client.
+ * @param logger - The logger.
+ */
+async function generateRollupVerificationRecords(
+  rollup: RollupContract,
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
+  args: {
+    slashingVetoer: EthAddress;
+    slashingRoundSizeInEpochs: number;
+    aztecEpochDuration: number;
+    slashingQuorum?: number;
+    slashingLifetimeInRounds: number;
+    slashingExecutionDelayInRounds: number;
+    slasherFlavor: 'none' | 'tally' | 'empire';
+    slashAmountSmall: bigint;
+    slashAmountMedium: bigint;
+    slashAmountLarge: bigint;
+    aztecTargetCommitteeSize: number;
+    slashingOffsetInRounds: number;
+  },
+  addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'feeJuiceAddress'>,
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    // Add Inbox / Outbox verification records (constructor args are created inside RollupCore)
+    const rollupAddr = rollup.address;
+    const rollupAddresses = await rollup.getRollupAddresses();
+    const inboxAddr = rollupAddresses.inboxAddress.toString();
+    const outboxAddr = rollupAddresses.outboxAddress.toString();
+    const feeAsset = rollupAddresses.feeJuiceAddress.toString();
+    const version = await rollup.getVersion();
+
+    const inboxCtor = encodeAbiParameters(
+      [{ type: 'address' }, { type: 'address' }, { type: 'uint256' }, { type: 'uint256' }],
+      [rollupAddr, feeAsset, version, BigInt(L1_TO_L2_MSG_SUBTREE_HEIGHT)],
+    );
+
+    const outboxCtor = encodeAbiParameters([{ type: 'address' }, { type: 'uint256' }], [rollupAddr, version]);
+
+    deployer.verificationRecords.push(
+      { name: 'Inbox', address: inboxAddr, constructorArgsHex: inboxCtor, libraries: [] },
+      { name: 'Outbox', address: outboxAddr, constructorArgsHex: outboxCtor, libraries: [] },
+    );
+
+    // Include Slasher and SlashingProposer (if deployed) in verification data
+    try {
+      const slasherAddrHex = await rollup.getSlasherAddress();
+      const slasherAddr = EthAddress.fromString(slasherAddrHex);
+      if (!slasherAddr.isZero()) {
+        // Slasher constructor: (address _vetoer, address _governance)
+        const slasherCtor = encodeAbiParameters(
+          [{ type: 'address' }, { type: 'address' }],
+          [args.slashingVetoer.toString(), extendedClient.account.address],
+        );
+        deployer.verificationRecords.push({
+          name: 'Slasher',
+          address: slasherAddr.toString(),
+          constructorArgsHex: slasherCtor,
+          libraries: [],
+        });
+
+        // Proposer address is stored in Slasher.PROPOSER()
+        const proposerAddr = (await rollup.getSlashingProposerAddress()).toString();
+
+        // Compute constructor args matching deployment path in RollupCore
+        const computedRoundSize = BigInt(args.slashingRoundSizeInEpochs * args.aztecEpochDuration);
+        const computedQuorum = BigInt(
+          args.slashingQuorum ?? (args.slashingRoundSizeInEpochs * args.aztecEpochDuration) / 2 + 1,
+        );
+        const lifetimeInRounds = BigInt(args.slashingLifetimeInRounds);
+        const executionDelayInRounds = BigInt(args.slashingExecutionDelayInRounds);
+
+        if (args.slasherFlavor === 'tally') {
+          const slashAmounts: readonly [bigint, bigint, bigint] = [
+            args.slashAmountSmall,
+            args.slashAmountMedium,
+            args.slashAmountLarge,
+          ];
+          const committeeSize = BigInt(args.aztecTargetCommitteeSize);
+          const epochDuration = BigInt(args.aztecEpochDuration);
+          const slashOffsetInRounds = BigInt(args.slashingOffsetInRounds);
+
+          const proposerCtor = encodeAbiParameters(
+            [
+              { type: 'address' },
+              { type: 'address' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256[3]' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+            ],
+            [
+              rollup.address,
+              slasherAddr.toString(),
+              computedQuorum,
+              computedRoundSize,
+              lifetimeInRounds,
+              executionDelayInRounds,
+              slashAmounts,
+              committeeSize,
+              epochDuration,
+              slashOffsetInRounds,
+            ],
+          );
+
+          deployer.verificationRecords.push({
+            name: 'TallySlashingProposer',
+            address: proposerAddr,
+            constructorArgsHex: proposerCtor,
+            libraries: [],
+          });
+        } else if (args.slasherFlavor === 'empire') {
+          const proposerCtor = encodeAbiParameters(
+            [
+              { type: 'address' },
+              { type: 'address' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+              { type: 'uint256' },
+            ],
+            [
+              rollup.address,
+              slasherAddr.toString(),
+              computedQuorum,
+              computedRoundSize,
+              lifetimeInRounds,
+              executionDelayInRounds,
+            ],
+          );
+
+          deployer.verificationRecords.push({
+            name: 'EmpireSlashingProposer',
+            address: proposerAddr,
+            constructorArgsHex: proposerCtor,
+            libraries: [],
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      logger.warn(`Failed to add Slasher/Proposer verification records: ${String(e)}`);
+    }
+  } catch (e) {
+    throw new Error(`Failed to generate rollup verification records: ${String(e)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Writes verification records to a JSON file for later forge verify.
+ * @param deployer - The L1 deployer containing verification records.
+ * @param outputDirectory - The directory to write the verification file to.
+ * @param chainId - The chain ID.
+ * @param filenameSuffix - Optional suffix for the filename (e.g., 'upgrade').
+ * @param logger - The logger.
+ */
+async function writeVerificationJson(
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
+  outputDirectory: string,
+  chainId: number,
+  filenameSuffix: string = '',
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<void> {
+  try {
+    const date = new Date();
+    const formattedDate = date.toISOString().slice(2, 19).replace(/[-T:]/g, '');
+    // Ensure the verification output directory exists
+    await mkdir(outputDirectory, { recursive: true });
+    const suffix = filenameSuffix ? `-${filenameSuffix}` : '';
+    const verificationOutputPath = `${outputDirectory}/l1-verify${suffix}-${chainId}-${formattedDate.slice(0, 6)}-${formattedDate.slice(6)}.json`;
+    const networkName = getActiveNetworkName();
+    const verificationData = {
+      chainId: chainId,
+      network: networkName,
+      records: deployer.verificationRecords,
+    };
+    await writeFile(verificationOutputPath, JSON.stringify(verificationData, null, 2));
+    logger.info(`Wrote L1 verification data to ${verificationOutputPath}`);
+  } catch (e) {
+    logger.warn(`Failed to write L1 verification data file: ${String(e)}`);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deploys a new rollup, using the existing canonical version to derive certain values (addresses of assets etc).
+ * @param clients - The L1 clients.
+ * @param args - The deployment arguments.
+ * @param registryAddress - The address of the registry.
+ * @param logger - The logger.
+ * @param txUtilsConfig - The L1 tx utils config.
+ * @param createVerificationJson - Optional path to write verification data for forge verify.
+ */
+export const deployRollupForUpgrade = async (
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  args: Omit<
+    DeployL1ContractsArgs,
+    'governanceProposerQuorum' | 'governanceProposerRoundSize' | 'ejectionThreshold' | 'activationThreshold'
+  >,
   registryAddress: EthAddress,
   logger: Logger,
   txUtilsConfig: L1TxUtilsConfig,
+  createVerificationJson: string | false = false,
 ) => {
   const deployer = new L1Deployer(
-    clients.walletClient,
-    clients.publicClient,
+    extendedClient,
     args.salt,
+    undefined,
     args.acceleratedTestDeployments,
     logger,
     txUtilsConfig,
+    !!createVerificationJson,
   );
 
-  const addresses = await RegistryContract.collectAddresses(clients.publicClient, registryAddress, 'canonical');
+  const addresses = await RegistryContract.collectAddresses(extendedClient, registryAddress, 'canonical');
+
+  const { rollup, slashFactoryAddress } = await deployRollup(extendedClient, deployer, args, addresses, logger);
+
+  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+
+  // Write verification data (constructor args + linked libraries) to file for later forge verify
+  if (createVerificationJson) {
+    await generateRollupVerificationRecords(rollup, deployer, args, addresses, extendedClient, logger);
+    await writeVerificationJson(deployer, createVerificationJson, extendedClient.chain.id, 'upgrade', logger);
+  }
+
+  return { rollup, slashFactoryAddress };
+};
+
+export const deploySlashFactory = async (deployer: L1Deployer, rollupAddress: Hex, logger: Logger) => {
+  const slashFactoryAddress = (await deployer.deploy(SlashFactoryArtifact, [rollupAddress])).address;
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed SlashFactory at ${slashFactoryAddress}`);
+  return slashFactoryAddress;
+};
+
+export const deployUpgradePayload = async (
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
+  addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'registryAddress' | 'rollupAddress'>,
+) => {
+  const payloadAddress = (
+    await deployer.deploy(RegisterNewRollupVersionPayloadArtifact, [
+      addresses.registryAddress.toString(),
+      addresses.rollupAddress.toString(),
+    ])
+  ).address;
+
+  return payloadAddress;
+};
+
+function slasherFlavorToSolidityEnum(flavor: DeployL1ContractsArgs['slasherFlavor']): number {
+  switch (flavor) {
+    case 'none':
+      return SlashingProposerType.None.valueOf();
+    case 'tally':
+      return SlashingProposerType.Tally.valueOf();
+    case 'empire':
+      return SlashingProposerType.Empire.valueOf();
+    default: {
+      const _: never = flavor;
+      throw new Error(`Unexpected slasher flavor ${flavor}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deploys a new rollup contract, funds and initializes the fee juice portal, and initializes the validator set.
+ */
+export const deployRollup = async (
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
+  args: Omit<
+    DeployL1ContractsArgs,
+    'governanceProposerQuorum' | 'governanceProposerRoundSize' | 'ejectionThreshold' | 'activationThreshold'
+  >,
+  addresses: Pick<
+    L1ContractAddresses,
+    | 'feeJuiceAddress'
+    | 'registryAddress'
+    | 'rewardDistributorAddress'
+    | 'stakingAssetAddress'
+    | 'gseAddress'
+    | 'governanceAddress'
+  >,
+  logger: Logger,
+) => {
+  if (!addresses.gseAddress) {
+    throw new Error('GSE address is required when deploying');
+  }
+  const networkName = getActiveNetworkName();
+
+  logger.info(`Deploying rollup using network configuration: ${networkName}`);
+
+  const txHashes: Hex[] = [];
+
+  let epochProofVerifier = EthAddress.ZERO;
+
+  if (args.realVerifier) {
+    epochProofVerifier = (await deployer.deploy(l1ArtifactsVerifiers.honkVerifier)).address;
+    logger.verbose(`Rollup will use the real verifier at ${epochProofVerifier}`);
+  } else {
+    epochProofVerifier = (await deployer.deploy(mockVerifiers.mockVerifier)).address;
+    logger.verbose(`Rollup will use the mock verifier at ${epochProofVerifier}`);
+  }
+
+  const rewardConfig = {
+    ...getRewardConfig(networkName),
+    rewardDistributor: addresses.rewardDistributorAddress.toString(),
+  };
+
+  const rollupConfigArgs: ContractConstructorArgs<typeof RollupAbi>[6] = {
+    aztecSlotDuration: BigInt(args.aztecSlotDuration),
+    aztecEpochDuration: BigInt(args.aztecEpochDuration),
+    targetCommitteeSize: BigInt(args.aztecTargetCommitteeSize),
+    lagInEpochs: BigInt(args.lagInEpochs),
+    aztecProofSubmissionEpochs: BigInt(args.aztecProofSubmissionEpochs),
+    slashingQuorum: BigInt(args.slashingQuorum ?? (args.slashingRoundSizeInEpochs * args.aztecEpochDuration) / 2 + 1),
+    slashingRoundSize: BigInt(args.slashingRoundSizeInEpochs * args.aztecEpochDuration),
+    slashingLifetimeInRounds: BigInt(args.slashingLifetimeInRounds),
+    slashingExecutionDelayInRounds: BigInt(args.slashingExecutionDelayInRounds),
+    slashingVetoer: args.slashingVetoer.toString(),
+    manaTarget: args.manaTarget,
+    provingCostPerMana: args.provingCostPerMana,
+    rewardConfig: rewardConfig,
+    version: 0,
+    rewardBoostConfig: getRewardBoostConfig(),
+    stakingQueueConfig: getEntryQueueConfig(networkName),
+    exitDelaySeconds: BigInt(args.exitDelaySeconds),
+    slasherFlavor: slasherFlavorToSolidityEnum(args.slasherFlavor),
+    slashingOffsetInRounds: BigInt(args.slashingOffsetInRounds),
+    slashAmounts: [args.slashAmountSmall, args.slashAmountMedium, args.slashAmountLarge],
+    localEjectionThreshold: args.localEjectionThreshold,
+    slashingDisableDuration: BigInt(args.slashingDisableDuration ?? 0n),
+    earliestRewardsClaimableTimestamp: 0n,
+  };
+
+  const genesisStateArgs = {
+    vkTreeRoot: args.vkTreeRoot.toString(),
+    protocolContractsHash: args.protocolContractsHash.toString(),
+    genesisArchiveRoot: args.genesisArchiveRoot.toString(),
+  };
+
+  // Until there is an actual chain-id for the version, we will just draw a random value.
+  // TODO(https://linear.app/aztec-labs/issue/TMNT-139/version-at-deployment)
+  rollupConfigArgs.version = Buffer.from(
+    keccak256String(
+      jsonStringify({
+        rollupConfigArgs,
+        genesisStateArgs,
+      }),
+    ),
+  ).readUint32BE(0);
+  logger.verbose(`Rollup config args`, rollupConfigArgs);
+
+  const rollupArgs = [
+    addresses.feeJuiceAddress.toString(),
+    addresses.stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
+    addresses.gseAddress.toString(),
+    epochProofVerifier.toString(),
+    extendedClient.account.address,
+    genesisStateArgs,
+    rollupConfigArgs,
+  ] as const;
+
+  const { address: rollupAddress, existed: rollupExisted } = await deployer.deploy(RollupArtifact, rollupArgs, {
+    gasLimit: 15_000_000n,
+  });
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed Rollup at ${rollupAddress}, already existed: ${rollupExisted}`, rollupConfigArgs);
+
+  const rollupContract = new RollupContract(extendedClient, rollupAddress);
+
+  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+  logger.verbose(`All core contracts have been deployed`);
+
+  if (args.feeJuicePortalInitialBalance && args.feeJuicePortalInitialBalance > 0n) {
+    // Skip funding when using an external token, as we likely don't have mint permissions
+    if (!('existingTokenAddress' in args) || !args.existingTokenAddress) {
+      const feeJuicePortalAddress = await rollupContract.getFeeJuicePortal();
+
+      // In fast mode, use the L1TxUtils to send transactions with nonce management
+      const { txHash: mintTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+        to: addresses.feeJuiceAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'mint',
+          args: [feeJuicePortalAddress.toString(), args.feeJuicePortalInitialBalance],
+        }),
+      });
+      logger.verbose(
+        `Funding fee juice portal with ${args.feeJuicePortalInitialBalance} fee juice in ${mintTxHash} (accelerated test deployments)`,
+      );
+      txHashes.push(mintTxHash);
+    } else {
+      logger.verbose('Skipping fee juice portal funding due to external token usage');
+    }
+  }
+
+  const slashFactoryAddress = (await deployer.deploy(SlashFactoryArtifact, [rollupAddress.toString()])).address;
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed SlashFactory at ${slashFactoryAddress}`);
+
+  // We need to call a function on the registry to set the various contract addresses.
+  const registryContract = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(addresses.registryAddress.toString()),
+    abi: RegistryArtifact.contractAbi,
+    client: extendedClient,
+  });
+
+  // Only if we are the owner will we be sending these transactions
+  if ((await registryContract.read.owner()) === getAddress(extendedClient.account.address)) {
+    const version = await rollupContract.getVersion();
+    try {
+      const retrievedRollupAddress = await registryContract.read.getRollup([version]);
+      logger.verbose(`Rollup ${retrievedRollupAddress} already exists in registry`);
+    } catch {
+      const { txHash: addRollupTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+        to: addresses.registryAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: RegistryArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'addRollup',
+          args: [getAddress(rollupContract.address)],
+        }),
+      });
+      logger.verbose(
+        `Adding rollup ${rollupContract.address} to registry ${addresses.registryAddress} in tx ${addRollupTxHash}`,
+      );
+
+      txHashes.push(addRollupTxHash);
+    }
+  } else {
+    logger.verbose(`Not the owner of the registry, skipping rollup addition`);
+  }
+
+  // We need to call a function on the registry to set the various contract addresses.
+  const gseContract = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(addresses.gseAddress.toString()),
+    abi: GSEArtifact.contractAbi,
+    client: extendedClient,
+  });
+  if ((await gseContract.read.owner()) === getAddress(extendedClient.account.address)) {
+    if (!(await gseContract.read.isRollupRegistered([rollupContract.address]))) {
+      const { txHash: addRollupTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+        to: addresses.gseAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: GSEArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'addRollup',
+          args: [getAddress(rollupContract.address)],
+        }),
+      });
+      logger.verbose(`Adding rollup ${rollupContract.address} to GSE ${addresses.gseAddress} in tx ${addRollupTxHash}`);
+
+      // wait for this tx to land in case we have to register initialValidators
+      await extendedClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: addRollupTxHash });
+    } else {
+      logger.verbose(`Rollup ${rollupContract.address} is already registered in GSE ${addresses.gseAddress}`);
+    }
+  } else {
+    logger.verbose(`Not the owner of the gse, skipping rollup addition`);
+  }
+
+  const activeAttestorCount = await rollupContract.getActiveAttesterCount();
+  const queuedAttestorCount = await rollupContract.getEntryQueueLength();
+  logger.info(`Rollup has ${activeAttestorCount} active attestors and ${queuedAttestorCount} queued attestors`);
+
+  const shouldAddValidators = activeAttestorCount === 0n && queuedAttestorCount === 0n;
+
+  if (
+    args.initialValidators &&
+    shouldAddValidators &&
+    (await gseContract.read.isRollupRegistered([rollupContract.address]))
+  ) {
+    await addMultipleValidators(
+      extendedClient,
+      deployer,
+      addresses.gseAddress.toString(),
+      rollupAddress.toString(),
+      addresses.stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
+      args.initialValidators,
+      args.acceleratedTestDeployments,
+      logger,
+    );
+  }
+
+  // If the owner is not the Governance contract, transfer ownership to the Governance contract
+  logger.verbose(addresses.governanceAddress.toString());
+  if (getAddress(await rollupContract.getOwner()) !== getAddress(addresses.governanceAddress.toString())) {
+    // TODO(md): add send transaction to the deployer such that we do not need to manage tx hashes here
+    const { txHash: transferOwnershipTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+      to: rollupContract.address,
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: RegistryArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'transferOwnership',
+        args: [getAddress(addresses.governanceAddress.toString())],
+      }),
+    });
+    logger.verbose(
+      `Transferring the ownership of the rollup contract at ${rollupContract.address} to the Governance ${addresses.governanceAddress} in tx ${transferOwnershipTxHash}`,
+    );
+    txHashes.push(transferOwnershipTxHash);
+  }
+
+  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+  await Promise.all(txHashes.map(txHash => extendedClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
+  logger.verbose(`Rollup deployed`);
+
+  return { rollup: rollupContract, slashFactoryAddress };
+};
+
+export const handoverToGovernance = async (
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
+  registryAddress: EthAddress,
+  gseAddress: EthAddress,
+  coinIssuerAddress: EthAddress,
+  feeAssetAddress: EthAddress,
+  governanceAddress: EthAddress,
+  logger: Logger,
+  acceleratedTestDeployments: boolean | undefined,
+  useExternalToken: boolean = false,
+) => {
+  // We need to call a function on the registry to set the various contract addresses.
+  const registryContract = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(registryAddress.toString()),
+    abi: RegistryArtifact.contractAbi,
+    client: extendedClient,
+  });
+
+  const gseContract = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(gseAddress.toString()),
+    abi: GSEArtifact.contractAbi,
+    client: extendedClient,
+  });
+
+  const coinIssuerContract = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(coinIssuerAddress.toString()),
+    abi: CoinIssuerArtifact.contractAbi,
+    client: extendedClient,
+  });
+
+  const feeAsset = getContract({
+    address: getAddress(feeAssetAddress.toString()),
+    abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+    client: extendedClient,
+  });
+
+  const txHashes: Hex[] = [];
+
+  // If the owner is not the Governance contract, transfer ownership to the Governance contract
+  if (
+    acceleratedTestDeployments ||
+    (await registryContract.read.owner()) !== getAddress(governanceAddress.toString())
+  ) {
+    // TODO(md): add send transaction to the deployer such that we do not need to manage tx hashes here
+    const { txHash: transferOwnershipTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+      to: registryAddress.toString(),
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: RegistryArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'transferOwnership',
+        args: [getAddress(governanceAddress.toString())],
+      }),
+    });
+    logger.verbose(
+      `Transferring the ownership of the registry contract at ${registryAddress} to the Governance ${governanceAddress} in tx ${transferOwnershipTxHash}`,
+    );
+    txHashes.push(transferOwnershipTxHash);
+  }
+
+  // If the owner is not the Governance contract, transfer ownership to the Governance contract
+  if (acceleratedTestDeployments || (await gseContract.read.owner()) !== getAddress(governanceAddress.toString())) {
+    // TODO(md): add send transaction to the deployer such that we do not need to manage tx hashes here
+    const { txHash: transferOwnershipTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+      to: gseContract.address,
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: GSEArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'transferOwnership',
+        args: [getAddress(governanceAddress.toString())],
+      }),
+    });
+    logger.verbose(
+      `Transferring the ownership of the gse contract at ${gseAddress} to the Governance ${governanceAddress} in tx ${transferOwnershipTxHash}`,
+    );
+    txHashes.push(transferOwnershipTxHash);
+  }
 
-  const rollup = await deployRollup(clients, deployer, args, addresses, logger);
-  const payloadAddress = await deployUpgradePayload(deployer, {
-    registryAddress: addresses.registryAddress,
-    rollupAddress: EthAddress.fromString(rollup.address),
-  });
-  const slashFactoryAddress = await deploySlashFactory(deployer, rollup.address, logger);
+  if (
+    !useExternalToken &&
+    (acceleratedTestDeployments || (await feeAsset.read.owner()) !== coinIssuerAddress.toString())
+  ) {
+    const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction(
+      {
+        to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'transferOwnership',
+          args: [coinIssuerAddress.toString()],
+        }),
+      },
+      { gasLimit: 500_000n },
+    );
+    logger.verbose(`Transfer ownership of fee asset to coin issuer ${coinIssuerAddress} in ${txHash}`);
+    txHashes.push(txHash);
 
-  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+    const { txHash: acceptTokenOwnershipTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction(
+      {
+        to: coinIssuerAddress.toString(),
+        data: encodeFunctionData({
+          abi: CoinIssuerArtifact.contractAbi,
+          functionName: 'acceptTokenOwnership',
+        }),
+      },
+      { gasLimit: 500_000n },
+    );
+    logger.verbose(`Accept ownership of fee asset in ${acceptTokenOwnershipTxHash}`);
+    txHashes.push(acceptTokenOwnershipTxHash);
+  } else if (useExternalToken) {
+    logger.verbose('Skipping fee asset ownership transfer due to external token usage');
+  }
 
-  return { rollup, payloadAddress, slashFactoryAddress };
-};
+  // Either deploy or at least predict the address of the date gated relayer
+  const dateGatedRelayer = await deployer.deploy(DateGatedRelayerArtifact, [
+    governanceAddress.toString(),
+    1798761600n, // 2027-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
+  ]);
 
-export const deploySlashFactory = async (deployer: L1Deployer, rollupAddress: Hex, logger: Logger) => {
-  const slashFactoryAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.slashFactory, [rollupAddress]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed SlashFactory at ${slashFactoryAddress}`);
-  return slashFactoryAddress;
-};
+  // If the owner is not the Governance contract, transfer ownership to the Governance contract
+  if (acceleratedTestDeployments || (await coinIssuerContract.read.owner()) === deployer.client.account.address) {
+    const { txHash: transferOwnershipTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+      to: coinIssuerContract.address,
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: CoinIssuerArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'transferOwnership',
+        args: [getAddress(dateGatedRelayer.address.toString())],
+      }),
+    });
+    logger.verbose(
+      `Transferring the ownership of the coin issuer contract at ${coinIssuerAddress} to the DateGatedRelayer ${dateGatedRelayer.address} in tx ${transferOwnershipTxHash}`,
+    );
+    txHashes.push(transferOwnershipTxHash);
+  }
 
-export const deployUpgradePayload = async (
-  deployer: L1Deployer,
-  addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'registryAddress' | 'rollupAddress'>,
-) => {
-  const payloadAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.registerNewRollupVersionPayload, [
-    addresses.registryAddress.toString(),
-    addresses.rollupAddress.toString(),
-  ]);
+  // Wait for all actions to be mined
+  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
+  await Promise.all(txHashes.map(txHash => extendedClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
 
-  return payloadAddress;
+  return { dateGatedRelayerAddress: dateGatedRelayer.address };
 };
 
-export const deployRollup = async (
-  clients: L1Clients,
+/*
+ * Adds multiple validators to the rollup
+ *
+ * @param extendedClient - The L1 clients.
+ * @param deployer - The L1 deployer.
+ * @param rollupAddress - The address of the rollup.
+ * @param stakingAssetAddress - The address of the staking asset.
+ * @param validators - The validators to initialize.
+ * @param acceleratedTestDeployments - Whether to use accelerated test deployments.
+ * @param logger - The logger.
+ */
+export const addMultipleValidators = async (
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
   deployer: L1Deployer,
-  args: DeployL1ContractsArgs,
-  addresses: Pick<L1ContractAddresses, 'feeJuicePortalAddress' | 'rewardDistributorAddress' | 'stakingAssetAddress'>,
+  gseAddress: Hex,
+  rollupAddress: Hex,
+  stakingAssetAddress: Hex,
+  validators: Operator[],
+  acceleratedTestDeployments: boolean | undefined,
   logger: Logger,
-): Promise<RollupContract> => {
-  const rollupConfigArgs = {
-    aztecSlotDuration: args.aztecSlotDuration,
-    aztecEpochDuration: args.aztecEpochDuration,
-    targetCommitteeSize: args.aztecTargetCommitteeSize,
-    aztecProofSubmissionWindow: args.aztecProofSubmissionWindow,
-    minimumStake: args.minimumStake,
-    slashingQuorum: args.slashingQuorum,
-    slashingRoundSize: args.slashingRoundSize,
-  };
-  const genesisStateArgs = {
-    vkTreeRoot: args.vkTreeRoot.toString(),
-    protocolContractTreeRoot: args.protocolContractTreeRoot.toString(),
-    genesisArchiveRoot: args.genesisArchiveRoot.toString(),
-    genesisBlockHash: args.genesisBlockHash.toString(),
-  };
-  logger.verbose(`Rollup config args`, rollupConfigArgs);
-  const rollupArgs = [
-    addresses.feeJuicePortalAddress.toString(),
-    addresses.rewardDistributorAddress.toString(),
-    addresses.stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
-    clients.walletClient.account.address.toString(),
-    genesisStateArgs,
-    rollupConfigArgs,
-  ];
-
-  const rollupAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.rollup, rollupArgs);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed Rollup at ${rollupAddress}`, rollupConfigArgs);
-
-  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
-  logger.verbose(`All core contracts have been deployed`);
-
-  const rollup = getContract({
-    address: getAddress(rollupAddress.toString()),
-    abi: l1Artifacts.rollup.contractAbi,
-    client: clients.walletClient,
-  });
-
-  const txHashes: Hex[] = [];
-
-  if (args.initialValidators && args.initialValidators.length > 0) {
+) => {
+  const rollup = new RollupContract(extendedClient, rollupAddress);
+  const activationThreshold = await rollup.getActivationThreshold();
+  if (validators && validators.length > 0) {
     // Check if some of the initial validators are already registered, so we support idempotent deployments
-    let newValidatorsAddresses = args.initialValidators.map(v => v.toString());
-    if (!args.acceleratedTestDeployments) {
-      const validatorsInfo = await Promise.all(
-        args.initialValidators.map(async address => ({
-          address,
-          ...(await rollup.read.getInfo([address.toString()])),
+    if (!acceleratedTestDeployments) {
+      const enrichedValidators = await Promise.all(
+        validators.map(async operator => ({
+          operator,
+          status: await rollup.getStatus(operator.attester),
         })),
       );
-      const existingValidators = validatorsInfo.filter(v => v.status !== 0);
+      const existingValidators = enrichedValidators.filter(v => v.status !== 0);
       if (existingValidators.length > 0) {
         logger.warn(
           `Validators ${existingValidators
-            .map(v => v.address)
+            .map(v => v.operator.attester)
             .join(', ')} already exist. Skipping from initialization.`,
         );
       }
 
-      newValidatorsAddresses = validatorsInfo.filter(v => v.status === 0).map(v => v.address.toString());
+      validators = enrichedValidators.filter(v => v.status === 0).map(v => v.operator);
+    }
+
+    if (validators.length === 0) {
+      logger.warn('No validators to add. Skipping.');
+      return;
     }
 
-    if (newValidatorsAddresses.length > 0) {
-      // Mint tokens, approve them, use cheat code to initialise validator set without setting up the epoch.
-      const stakeNeeded = args.minimumStake * BigInt(newValidatorsAddresses.length);
-      await Promise.all(
-        [
-          await deployer.sendTransaction({
-            to: addresses.stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
-            data: encodeFunctionData({
-              abi: l1Artifacts.stakingAsset.contractAbi,
-              functionName: 'mint',
-              args: [clients.walletClient.account.address, stakeNeeded],
-            }),
+    const gseContract = new GSEContract(extendedClient, gseAddress);
+    const multiAdder = (await deployer.deploy(MultiAdderArtifact, [rollupAddress, deployer.client.account.address]))
+      .address;
+
+    const makeValidatorTuples = async (validator: Operator) => {
+      const registrationTuple = await gseContract.makeRegistrationTuple(validator.bn254SecretKey.getValue());
+      return {
+        attester: getAddress(validator.attester.toString()),
+        withdrawer: getAddress(validator.withdrawer.toString()),
+        ...registrationTuple,
+      };
+    };
+
+    const validatorsTuples = await Promise.all(validators.map(makeValidatorTuples));
+
+    // Mint tokens, approve them, use cheat code to initialize validator set without setting up the epoch.
+    const stakeNeeded = activationThreshold * BigInt(validators.length);
+
+    await deployer.l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction({
+      to: stakingAssetAddress,
+      data: encodeFunctionData({
+        abi: StakingAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+        functionName: 'mint',
+        args: [multiAdder.toString(), stakeNeeded],
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const entryQueueLengthBefore = await rollup.getEntryQueueLength();
+    const validatorCountBefore = await rollup.getActiveAttesterCount();
+
+    logger.info(`Adding ${validators.length} validators to the rollup`);
+
+    const chunkSize = 16;
+
+    // We will add `chunkSize` validators to the queue until we have covered all of our validators.
+    // The `chunkSize` needs to be small enough to fit inside a single tx, therefore 16.
+    for (const c of chunk(validatorsTuples, chunkSize)) {
+      await deployer.l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction(
+        {
+          to: multiAdder.toString(),
+          data: encodeFunctionData({
+            abi: MultiAdderArtifact.contractAbi,
+            functionName: 'addValidators',
+            args: [c, BigInt(0)],
           }),
-          await deployer.sendTransaction({
-            to: addresses.stakingAssetAddress.toString(),
-            data: encodeFunctionData({
-              abi: l1Artifacts.stakingAsset.contractAbi,
-              functionName: 'approve',
-              args: [rollupAddress.toString(), stakeNeeded],
-            }),
+        },
+        {
+          gasLimit: 16_000_000n,
+        },
+      );
+    }
+
+    // After adding to the queue, we will now try to flush from it.
+    // We are explicitly doing this as a second step instead of as part of adding to benefit
+    // from the accounting used to speed the process up.
+    // As the queue computes the amount of possible flushes in an epoch when told to flush,
+    // waiting until we have added all we want allows us to benefit in the case were we added
+    // enough to pass the bootstrap set size without needing to wait another epoch.
+    // This is useful when we are testing as it speeds up the tests slightly.
+    while (true) {
+      // If the queue is empty, we can break
+      if ((await rollup.getEntryQueueLength()) == 0n) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // If there are no available validator flushes, no need to even try
+      if ((await rollup.getAvailableValidatorFlushes()) == 0n) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Note that we are flushing at most `chunkSize` at each call
+      await deployer.l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction(
+        {
+          to: rollup.address,
+          data: encodeFunctionData({
+            abi: RollupArtifact.contractAbi,
+            functionName: 'flushEntryQueue',
+            args: [BigInt(chunkSize)],
           }),
-        ].map(tx => clients.publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: tx.txHash })),
+        },
+        {
+          gasLimit: 16_000_000n,
+        },
       );
+    }
 
-      const validators = newValidatorsAddresses.map(v => ({
-        attester: v,
-        proposer: getExpectedAddress(ForwarderAbi, ForwarderBytecode, [v], v).address,
-        withdrawer: v,
-        amount: args.minimumStake,
-      }));
-      // const initiateValidatorSetTxHash = await rollup.write.cheat__InitialiseValidatorSet([validators]);
-      const initiateValidatorSetTxHash = await deployer.walletClient.writeContract({
-        address: rollupAddress.toString(),
-        abi: l1Artifacts.rollup.contractAbi,
-        functionName: 'cheat__InitialiseValidatorSet',
-        args: [validators],
-      });
-      txHashes.push(initiateValidatorSetTxHash);
-      logger.info(`Initialized validator set`, {
-        validators,
-        txHash: initiateValidatorSetTxHash,
-      });
+    const entryQueueLengthAfter = await rollup.getEntryQueueLength();
+    const validatorCountAfter = await rollup.getActiveAttesterCount();
+
+    if (
+      entryQueueLengthAfter + validatorCountAfter <
+      entryQueueLengthBefore + validatorCountBefore + BigInt(validators.length)
+    ) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Failed to add ${validators.length} validators. Active validators: ${validatorCountBefore} -> ${validatorCountAfter}. Queue: ${entryQueueLengthBefore} -> ${entryQueueLengthAfter}. A likely issue is the bootstrap size.`,
+      );
     }
-  }
 
-  await Promise.all(txHashes.map(txHash => clients.publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
+    logger.info(
+      `Added ${validators.length} validators. Active validators: ${validatorCountBefore} -> ${validatorCountAfter}. Queue: ${entryQueueLengthBefore} -> ${entryQueueLengthAfter}`,
+    );
+  }
+};
 
-  return new RollupContract(clients.publicClient, rollupAddress);
+/**
+ * Initialize the fee asset handler and make it a minter on the fee asset.
+ * @note This function will only be used for testing purposes.
+ *
+ * @param extendedClient - The L1 clients.
+ * @param deployer - The L1 deployer.
+ * @param feeAssetAddress - The address of the fee asset.
+ * @param logger - The logger.
+ */
+// eslint-disable-next-line camelcase
+export const cheat_initializeFeeAssetHandler = async (
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  deployer: L1Deployer,
+  feeAssetAddress: EthAddress,
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<{
+  feeAssetHandlerAddress: EthAddress;
+  txHash: Hex;
+}> => {
+  const feeAssetHandlerAddress = (
+    await deployer.deploy(FeeAssetHandlerArtifact, [
+      extendedClient.account.address,
+      feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+      BigInt(1e18),
+    ])
+  ).address;
+  logger.verbose(`Deployed FeeAssetHandler at ${feeAssetHandlerAddress}`);
+
+  const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
+    to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
+    data: encodeFunctionData({
+      abi: FeeAssetArtifact.contractAbi,
+      functionName: 'addMinter',
+      args: [feeAssetHandlerAddress.toString()],
+    }),
+  });
+  logger.verbose(`Added fee asset handler ${feeAssetHandlerAddress} as minter on fee asset in ${txHash}`);
+  return { feeAssetHandlerAddress, txHash };
 };
 
 /**
@@ -438,17 +1389,30 @@ export const deployL1Contracts = async (
   chain: Chain,
   logger: Logger,
   args: DeployL1ContractsArgs,
-  txUtilsConfig: L1TxUtilsConfig = defaultL1TxUtilsConfig,
+  txUtilsConfig: L1TxUtilsConfig = getL1TxUtilsConfigEnvVars(),
+  createVerificationJson: string | false = false,
 ): Promise<DeployL1ContractsReturnType> => {
-  const clients = createL1Clients(rpcUrls, account, chain);
-  const { walletClient, publicClient } = clients;
+  logger.info(`Deploying L1 contracts with config: ${jsonStringify(args)}`);
+  validateConfig(args);
+
+  if (args.initialValidators && args.initialValidators.length > 0 && args.existingTokenAddress) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Cannot deploy with both initialValidators and existingTokenAddress. ' +
+        'Initial validator funding requires minting tokens, which is not possible with an external token.',
+    );
+  }
+
+  const l1Client = createExtendedL1Client(rpcUrls, account, chain);
+
+  // Deploy multicall3 if it does not exist in this network
+  await deployMulticall3(l1Client, logger);
 
   // We are assuming that you are running this on a local anvil node which have 1s block times
   // To align better with actual deployment, we update the block interval to 12s
 
   const rpcCall = async (method: string, params: any[]) => {
     logger.info(`Calling ${method} with params: ${JSON.stringify(params)}`);
-    return (await publicClient.transport.request({
+    return (await l1Client.transport.request({
       method,
       params,
     })) as any;
@@ -465,229 +1429,74 @@ export const deployL1Contracts = async (
 
   logger.verbose(`Deploying contracts from ${account.address.toString()}`);
 
-  // Governance stuff
+  const dateProvider = new DateProvider();
   const deployer = new L1Deployer(
-    walletClient,
-    publicClient,
+    l1Client,
     args.salt,
+    dateProvider,
     args.acceleratedTestDeployments,
     logger,
     txUtilsConfig,
+    !!createVerificationJson,
   );
 
-  const registryAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.registry, [account.address.toString()]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed Registry at ${registryAddress}`);
-
-  const feeAssetAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.feeAsset, ['FeeJuice', 'FEE', account.address.toString()]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed Fee Juice at ${feeAssetAddress}`);
-
-  const stakingAssetAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.stakingAsset, [
-    'Staking',
-    'STK',
-    account.address.toString(),
-  ]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed Staking Asset at ${stakingAssetAddress}`);
-
-  const governanceProposerAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.governanceProposer, [
-    registryAddress.toString(),
-    args.governanceProposerQuorum,
-    args.governanceProposerRoundSize,
-  ]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed GovernanceProposer at ${governanceProposerAddress}`);
-
-  // @note @LHerskind the assets are expected to be the same at some point, but for better
-  // configurability they are different for now.
-  const governanceAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.governance, [
-    feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-    governanceProposerAddress.toString(),
-  ]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed Governance at ${governanceAddress}`);
-
-  const coinIssuerAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.coinIssuer, [
-    feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-    1n * 10n ** 18n, // @todo  #8084
-    governanceAddress.toString(),
-  ]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed CoinIssuer at ${coinIssuerAddress}`);
-
-  const rewardDistributorAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.rewardDistributor, [
-    feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-    registryAddress.toString(),
-    governanceAddress.toString(),
-  ]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed RewardDistributor at ${rewardDistributorAddress}`);
-
-  const feeJuicePortalAddress = await deployer.deploy(l1Artifacts.feeJuicePortal, [
-    registryAddress.toString(),
-    feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-    args.l2FeeJuiceAddress.toString(),
-  ]);
-  logger.verbose(`Deployed Fee Juice Portal at ${feeJuicePortalAddress}`);
-
-  logger.verbose(`Waiting for governance contracts to be deployed`);
-  await deployer.waitForDeployments();
-  logger.verbose(`All governance contracts deployed`);
-
-  const feeJuicePortal = getContract({
-    address: feeJuicePortalAddress.toString(),
-    abi: l1Artifacts.feeJuicePortal.contractAbi,
-    client: walletClient,
-  });
-
-  const feeAsset = getContract({
-    address: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-    abi: l1Artifacts.feeAsset.contractAbi,
-    client: walletClient,
-  });
-  // Transaction hashes to await
-  const txHashes: Hex[] = [];
-
-  if (args.acceleratedTestDeployments || !(await feeAsset.read.freeForAll())) {
-    const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
-      to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-      data: encodeFunctionData({
-        abi: l1Artifacts.feeAsset.contractAbi,
-        functionName: 'setFreeForAll',
-        args: [true],
-      }),
-    });
-    logger.verbose(`Fee asset set to free for all in ${txHash}`);
-    txHashes.push(txHash);
-  }
-
-  if (args.acceleratedTestDeployments || (await feeAsset.read.owner()) !== getAddress(coinIssuerAddress.toString())) {
-    const { txHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
-      to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-      data: encodeFunctionData({
-        abi: l1Artifacts.feeAsset.contractAbi,
-        functionName: 'transferOwnership',
-        args: [coinIssuerAddress.toString()],
-      }),
-    });
-    logger.verbose(`Fee asset transferred ownership to coin issuer in ${txHash}`);
-    txHashes.push(txHash);
-  }
-
-  // @note  This value MUST match what is in `constants.nr`. It is currently specified here instead of just importing
-  //        because there is circular dependency hell. This is a temporary solution. #3342
-  // @todo  #8084
-  // fund the portal contract with Fee Juice
-  const FEE_JUICE_INITIAL_MINT = 200000000000000000000000n;
-
-  // In fast mode, use the L1TxUtils to send transactions with nonce management
-  const { txHash: mintTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
-    to: feeAssetAddress.toString(),
-    data: encodeFunctionData({
-      abi: l1Artifacts.feeAsset.contractAbi,
-      functionName: 'mint',
-      args: [feeJuicePortalAddress.toString(), FEE_JUICE_INITIAL_MINT],
-    }),
-  });
-  logger.verbose(`Funding fee juice portal contract with fee juice in ${mintTxHash} (accelerated test deployments)`);
-  txHashes.push(mintTxHash);
-
-  // @note  This is used to ensure we fully wait for the transaction when running against a real chain
-  //        otherwise we execute subsequent transactions too soon
-  if (!args.acceleratedTestDeployments) {
-    await publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: mintTxHash });
-    logger.verbose(`Funding fee juice portal contract with fee juice in ${mintTxHash}`);
-  }
-
-  // Check if portal needs initialization
-  let needsInitialization = args.acceleratedTestDeployments;
-  if (!args.acceleratedTestDeployments) {
-    // Only check if not in fast mode and not already known to need initialization
-    needsInitialization = !(await feeJuicePortal.read.initialized());
-  }
-  if (needsInitialization) {
-    const { txHash: initPortalTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
-      to: feeJuicePortalAddress.toString(),
-      data: encodeFunctionData({
-        abi: l1Artifacts.feeJuicePortal.contractAbi,
-        functionName: 'initialize',
-        args: [],
-      }),
-    });
-
-    txHashes.push(initPortalTxHash);
-    logger.verbose(`Fee juice portal initializing in tx ${initPortalTxHash}`);
-  } else {
-    logger.verbose(`Fee juice portal is already initialized`);
-  }
-  logger.verbose(
-    `Initialized Fee Juice Portal at ${feeJuicePortalAddress} to bridge between L1 ${feeAssetAddress} to L2 ${args.l2FeeJuiceAddress}`,
-  );
-
-  const rollup = await deployRollup(
-    {
-      walletClient,
-      publicClient,
-    },
+  const {
+    feeAssetAddress,
+    feeAssetHandlerAddress,
+    stakingAssetAddress,
+    stakingAssetHandlerAddress,
+    registryAddress,
+    gseAddress,
+    governanceAddress,
+    rewardDistributorAddress,
+    zkPassportVerifierAddress,
+    coinIssuerAddress,
+  } = await deploySharedContracts(l1Client, deployer, args, logger);
+  const { rollup, slashFactoryAddress } = await deployRollup(
+    l1Client,
     deployer,
     args,
-    { feeJuicePortalAddress, rewardDistributorAddress, stakingAssetAddress },
+    {
+      feeJuiceAddress: feeAssetAddress,
+      registryAddress,
+      gseAddress,
+      rewardDistributorAddress,
+      stakingAssetAddress,
+      governanceAddress,
+    },
     logger,
   );
-  const slashFactoryAddress = await deploySlashFactory(deployer, rollup.address, logger);
 
   logger.verbose('Waiting for rollup and slash factory to be deployed');
   await deployer.waitForDeployments();
-  logger.verbose(`Rollup and slash factory deployed`);
-
-  // We need to call a function on the registry to set the various contract addresses.
-  const registryContract = getContract({
-    address: getAddress(registryAddress.toString()),
-    abi: l1Artifacts.registry.contractAbi,
-    client: walletClient,
-  });
 
-  if (
-    args.acceleratedTestDeployments ||
-    !(await registryContract.read.isRollupRegistered([getAddress(rollup.address.toString())]))
-  ) {
-    const { txHash: upgradeTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
-      to: registryAddress.toString(),
-      data: encodeFunctionData({
-        abi: l1Artifacts.registry.contractAbi,
-        functionName: 'upgrade',
-        args: [getAddress(rollup.address.toString())],
-      }),
-    });
-    logger.verbose(
-      `Upgrading registry contract at ${registryAddress} to rollup ${rollup.address} in tx ${upgradeTxHash}`,
-    );
-    txHashes.push(upgradeTxHash);
-  } else {
-    logger.verbose(`Registry ${registryAddress} has already registered rollup ${rollup.address}`);
-  }
+  // Now that the rollup has been deployed and added to the registry, transfer ownership to governance
+  const { dateGatedRelayerAddress } = await handoverToGovernance(
+    l1Client,
+    deployer,
+    registryAddress,
+    gseAddress,
+    coinIssuerAddress,
+    feeAssetAddress,
+    governanceAddress,
+    logger,
+    args.acceleratedTestDeployments,
+    !!args.existingTokenAddress,
+  );
 
-  // If the owner is not the Governance contract, transfer ownership to the Governance contract
-  if (
-    args.acceleratedTestDeployments ||
-    (await registryContract.read.owner()) !== getAddress(governanceAddress.toString())
-  ) {
-    // TODO(md): add send transaction to the deployer such that we do not need to manage tx hashes here
-    const { txHash: transferOwnershipTxHash } = await deployer.sendTransaction({
-      to: registryAddress.toString(),
-      data: encodeFunctionData({
-        abi: l1Artifacts.registry.contractAbi,
-        functionName: 'transferOwnership',
-        args: [getAddress(governanceAddress.toString())],
-      }),
-    });
-    logger.verbose(
-      `Transferring the ownership of the registry contract at ${registryAddress} to the Governance ${governanceAddress} in tx ${transferOwnershipTxHash}`,
-    );
-    txHashes.push(transferOwnershipTxHash);
-  }
+  logger.info(`Handing over to governance complete`);
 
-  // Wait for all actions to be mined
-  await Promise.all(txHashes.map(txHash => publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
   logger.verbose(`All transactions for L1 deployment have been mined`);
-  const l1Contracts = await RegistryContract.collectAddresses(publicClient, registryAddress, 'canonical');
+  const l1Contracts = await RegistryContract.collectAddresses(l1Client, registryAddress, 'canonical');
 
   logger.info(`Aztec L1 contracts initialized`, l1Contracts);
 
+  // Write verification data (constructor args + linked libraries) to file for later forge verify
+  if (createVerificationJson) {
+    await generateRollupVerificationRecords(rollup, deployer, args, l1Contracts, l1Client, logger);
+    await writeVerificationJson(deployer, createVerificationJson, chain.id, '', logger);
+  }
+
   if (isAnvilTestChain(chain.id)) {
     // @note  We make a time jump PAST the very first slot to not have to deal with the edge case of the first slot.
     //        The edge case being that the genesis block is already occupying slot 0, so we cannot have another block.
@@ -712,55 +1521,95 @@ export const deployL1Contracts = async (
   }
 
   return {
-    walletClient,
-    publicClient,
+    rollupVersion: Number(await rollup.getVersion()),
+    l1Client: l1Client,
     l1ContractAddresses: {
       ...l1Contracts,
       slashFactoryAddress,
+      feeAssetHandlerAddress,
+      stakingAssetHandlerAddress,
+      zkPassportVerifierAddress,
+      coinIssuerAddress,
+      dateGatedRelayerAddress,
     },
   };
 };
 
-class L1Deployer {
+export class L1Deployer {
   private salt: Hex | undefined;
   private txHashes: Hex[] = [];
   public readonly l1TxUtils: L1TxUtils;
+  public readonly verificationRecords: VerificationRecord[] = [];
 
   constructor(
-    public readonly walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
-    private publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+    public readonly client: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
     maybeSalt: number | undefined,
+    dateProvider: DateProvider = new DateProvider(),
     private acceleratedTestDeployments: boolean = false,
     private logger: Logger = createLogger('L1Deployer'),
     private txUtilsConfig?: L1TxUtilsConfig,
+    private createVerificationJson: boolean = false,
   ) {
     this.salt = maybeSalt ? padHex(numberToHex(maybeSalt), { size: 32 }) : undefined;
-    this.l1TxUtils = new L1TxUtils(
-      this.publicClient,
-      this.walletClient,
-      this.logger,
-      this.txUtilsConfig,
-      this.acceleratedTestDeployments,
+    this.l1TxUtils = createL1TxUtilsFromViemWallet(
+      this.client,
+      { logger: this.logger, dateProvider },
+      { ...this.txUtilsConfig, debugMaxGasLimit: acceleratedTestDeployments },
     );
   }
 
-  async deploy(params: ContractArtifacts, args: readonly unknown[] = []): Promise<EthAddress> {
-    const { txHash, address } = await deployL1Contract(
-      this.walletClient,
-      this.publicClient,
-      params.contractAbi,
-      params.contractBytecode,
-      args,
-      this.salt,
-      params.libraries,
-      this.logger,
-      this.l1TxUtils,
-      this.acceleratedTestDeployments,
-    );
-    if (txHash) {
-      this.txHashes.push(txHash);
+  async deploy<const TAbi extends Abi>(
+    params: ContractArtifacts<TAbi>,
+    args?: ContractConstructorArgs<TAbi>,
+    opts: { gasLimit?: bigint } = {},
+  ): Promise<{ address: EthAddress; existed: boolean }> {
+    this.logger.debug(`Deploying ${params.name} contract`, { args });
+    try {
+      const { txHash, address, deployedLibraries, existed } = await deployL1Contract(
+        this.client,
+        params.contractAbi,
+        params.contractBytecode,
+        (args ?? []) as readonly unknown[],
+        {
+          salt: this.salt,
+          libraries: params.libraries,
+          logger: this.logger,
+          l1TxUtils: this.l1TxUtils,
+          acceleratedTestDeployments: this.acceleratedTestDeployments,
+          gasLimit: opts.gasLimit,
+        },
+      );
+      if (txHash) {
+        this.txHashes.push(txHash);
+      }
+      this.logger.debug(`Deployed ${params.name} at ${address}`, { args });
+
+      if (this.createVerificationJson) {
+        // Encode constructor args for verification
+        let constructorArgsHex: Hex = '0x';
+        try {
+          const abiItem: any = (params.contractAbi as any[]).find((x: any) => x && x.type === 'constructor');
+          const inputDefs: any[] = abiItem && Array.isArray(abiItem.inputs) ? abiItem.inputs : [];
+          constructorArgsHex =
+            inputDefs.length > 0 ? (encodeAbiParameters(inputDefs as any, (args ?? []) as any) as Hex) : ('0x' as Hex);
+        } catch {
+          constructorArgsHex = '0x' as Hex;
+        }
+
+        this.verificationRecords.push({
+          name: params.name,
+          address: address.toString(),
+          constructorArgsHex,
+          libraries: deployedLibraries ?? [],
+        });
+      }
+      return {
+        address,
+        existed,
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new Error(`Failed to deploy ${params.name}`, { cause: formatViemError(error) });
     }
-    return address;
   }
 
   async waitForDeployments(): Promise<void> {
@@ -772,17 +1621,29 @@ class L1Deployer {
       return;
     }
 
-    this.logger.info(`Waiting for ${this.txHashes.length} transactions to be mined...`);
-    await Promise.all(this.txHashes.map(txHash => this.publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
-    this.logger.info('All transactions mined successfully');
+    this.logger.verbose(`Waiting for ${this.txHashes.length} transactions to be mined`, { txHashes: this.txHashes });
+    const receipts = await Promise.all(
+      this.txHashes.map(txHash => this.client.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })),
+    );
+    const failed = receipts.filter(r => r.status !== 'success');
+    if (failed.length > 0) {
+      throw new Error(`Some deployment txs have failed: ${failed.map(f => f.transactionHash).join(', ')}`);
+    }
+    this.logger.info('All transactions mined successfully', { txHashes: this.txHashes });
   }
 
-  sendTransaction(tx: L1TxRequest): Promise<{ txHash: Hex; gasLimit: bigint; gasPrice: GasPrice }> {
-    return this.l1TxUtils.sendTransaction(tx);
+  sendTransaction(
+    tx: L1TxRequest,
+    options?: L1TxConfig,
+  ): Promise<{ txHash: Hex; gasLimit: bigint; gasPrice: GasPrice }> {
+    return this.l1TxUtils.sendTransaction(tx, options).then(({ txHash, state }) => ({
+      txHash,
+      gasLimit: state.gasLimit,
+      gasPrice: state.gasPrice,
+    }));
   }
 }
 
-// docs:start:deployL1Contract
 /**
  * Helper function to deploy ETH contracts.
  * @param walletClient - A viem WalletClient.
@@ -790,26 +1651,42 @@ class L1Deployer {
  * @param abi - The ETH contract's ABI (as abitype's Abi).
  * @param bytecode  - The ETH contract's bytecode.
  * @param args - Constructor arguments for the contract.
- * @param maybeSalt - Optional salt for CREATE2 deployment (does not wait for deployment tx to be mined if set, does not send tx if contract already exists).
+ * @param salt - Optional salt for CREATE2 deployment (does not wait for deployment tx to be mined if set, does not send tx if contract already exists).
  * @returns The ETH address the contract was deployed to.
  */
 export async function deployL1Contract(
-  walletClient: ViemWalletClient,
-  publicClient: ViemPublicClient,
+  extendedClient: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
   abi: Narrow<Abi | readonly unknown[]>,
   bytecode: Hex,
   args: readonly unknown[] = [],
-  maybeSalt?: Hex,
-  libraries?: Libraries,
-  logger?: Logger,
-  l1TxUtils?: L1TxUtils,
-  acceleratedTestDeployments: boolean = false,
-): Promise<{ address: EthAddress; txHash: Hex | undefined }> {
+  opts: {
+    salt?: Hex;
+    libraries?: Libraries;
+    logger?: Logger;
+    l1TxUtils?: L1TxUtils;
+    gasLimit?: bigint;
+    acceleratedTestDeployments?: boolean;
+  } = {},
+): Promise<{
+  address: EthAddress;
+  txHash: Hex | undefined;
+  deployedLibraries?: VerificationLibraryEntry[];
+  existed: boolean;
+}> {
   let txHash: Hex | undefined = undefined;
   let resultingAddress: Hex | null | undefined = undefined;
+  const deployedLibraries: VerificationLibraryEntry[] = [];
+
+  const { salt: saltFromOpts, libraries, logger, gasLimit, acceleratedTestDeployments } = opts;
+  let { l1TxUtils } = opts;
 
   if (!l1TxUtils) {
-    l1TxUtils = new L1TxUtils(publicClient, walletClient, logger, undefined, acceleratedTestDeployments);
+    const config = getL1TxUtilsConfigEnvVars();
+    l1TxUtils = createL1TxUtilsFromViemWallet(
+      extendedClient,
+      { logger },
+      { ...config, debugMaxGasLimit: acceleratedTestDeployments },
+    );
   }
 
   if (libraries) {
@@ -828,24 +1705,38 @@ export async function deployL1Contract(
     const libraryTxs: Hex[] = [];
     for (const libraryName in libraries?.libraryCode) {
       const lib = libraries.libraryCode[libraryName];
-
+      const { libraries: _libraries, ...optsWithoutLibraries } = opts;
       const { address, txHash } = await deployL1Contract(
-        walletClient,
-        publicClient,
+        extendedClient,
         lib.contractAbi,
         lib.contractBytecode,
         [],
-        maybeSalt,
-        undefined,
-        logger,
-        l1TxUtils,
-        acceleratedTestDeployments,
+        optsWithoutLibraries,
       );
 
+      // Log deployed library name and address for easier verification/triage
+      logger?.verbose(`Linked library deployed`, { library: libraryName, address: address.toString(), txHash });
+
       if (txHash) {
         libraryTxs.push(txHash);
       }
 
+      // Try to find the source file for this library from linkReferences
+      let fileNameForLibrary: string | undefined = undefined;
+      for (const fileName in libraries.linkReferences) {
+        if (libraries.linkReferences[fileName] && libraries.linkReferences[fileName][libraryName]) {
+          fileNameForLibrary = fileName;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if (fileNameForLibrary) {
+        deployedLibraries.push({
+          file: fileNameForLibrary,
+          contract: libraryName,
+          address: address.toString(),
+        });
+      }
+
       for (const linkRef in libraries.linkReferences) {
         for (const contractName in libraries.linkReferences[linkRef]) {
           // If the library name matches the one we just deployed, we replace it.
@@ -877,7 +1768,7 @@ export async function deployL1Contract(
     // However, if we are in fast mode or using debugMaxGasLimit, we will skip simulation, so we can skip waiting.
     if (libraryTxs.length > 0 && !acceleratedTestDeployments) {
       logger?.verbose(`Awaiting for linked libraries to be deployed`);
-      await Promise.all(libraryTxs.map(txHash => publicClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
+      await Promise.all(libraryTxs.map(txHash => extendedClient.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash: txHash })));
     } else {
       logger?.verbose(
         `Skipping waiting for linked libraries to be deployed ${
@@ -887,28 +1778,40 @@ export async function deployL1Contract(
     }
   }
 
-  if (maybeSalt) {
-    const { address, paddedSalt: salt, calldata } = getExpectedAddress(abi, bytecode, args, maybeSalt);
+  let existed = false;
+
+  if (saltFromOpts) {
+    logger?.info(`Deploying contract with salt ${saltFromOpts}`);
+    const { address, paddedSalt: salt, calldata } = getExpectedAddress(abi, bytecode, args, saltFromOpts);
     resultingAddress = address;
-    const existing = await publicClient.getBytecode({ address: resultingAddress });
+    const existing = await extendedClient.getCode({ address: resultingAddress });
     if (existing === undefined || existing === '0x') {
-      const res = await l1TxUtils.sendTransaction({
-        to: DEPLOYER_ADDRESS,
-        data: concatHex([salt, calldata]),
-      });
+      try {
+        await l1TxUtils.simulate({ to: DEPLOYER_ADDRESS, data: concatHex([salt, calldata]), gas: gasLimit });
+      } catch (err) {
+        logger?.error(`Failed to simulate deployment tx using universal deployer`, err);
+        await l1TxUtils.simulate({ to: null, data: encodeDeployData({ abi, bytecode, args }), gas: gasLimit });
+      }
+      const res = await l1TxUtils.sendTransaction(
+        { to: DEPLOYER_ADDRESS, data: concatHex([salt, calldata]) },
+        { gasLimit },
+      );
       txHash = res.txHash;
 
       logger?.verbose(`Deployed contract with salt ${salt} to address ${resultingAddress} in tx ${txHash}.`);
     } else {
       logger?.verbose(`Skipping existing deployment of contract with salt ${salt} to address ${resultingAddress}`);
+      existed = true;
     }
   } else {
-    // Regular deployment path
     const deployData = encodeDeployData({ abi, bytecode, args });
-    const { receipt } = await l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction({
-      to: null,
-      data: deployData,
-    });
+    const { receipt } = await l1TxUtils.sendAndMonitorTransaction(
+      {
+        to: null,
+        data: deployData,
+      },
+      { gasLimit },
+    );
 
     txHash = receipt.transactionHash;
     resultingAddress = receipt.contractAddress;
@@ -921,7 +1824,7 @@ export async function deployL1Contract(
     }
   }
 
-  return { address: EthAddress.fromString(resultingAddress!), txHash };
+  return { address: EthAddress.fromString(resultingAddress!), txHash, deployedLibraries, existed };
 }
 
 export function getExpectedAddress(
@@ -944,5 +1847,3 @@ export function getExpectedAddress(
     calldata,
   };
 }
-
-// docs:end:deployL1Contract