@aztec/ethereum 0.0.0-test.0 → 0.0.1-commit.21caa21

package/src/l1_tx_utils/l1_tx_utils_with_blobs.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import { Blob } from '@aztec/blob-lib';
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+
+import type { TransactionSerializable } from 'viem';
+
+import type { EthSigner } from '../eth-signer/eth-signer.js';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient, ViemClient } from '../types.js';
+import type { L1TxUtilsConfig } from './config.js';
+import type { IL1TxMetrics, IL1TxStore } from './interfaces.js';
+import { L1TxUtils } from './l1_tx_utils.js';
+import { createViemSigner } from './signer.js';
+import type { L1BlobInputs, SigningCallback } from './types.js';
+
+/** Extends L1TxUtils with the capability to cancel blobs. This needs to be a separate class so we don't require a dependency on blob-lib unnecessarily. */
+export class L1TxUtilsWithBlobs extends L1TxUtils {
+  /** Makes empty blob inputs for the cancellation tx. */
+  protected override makeEmptyBlobInputs(maxFeePerBlobGas: bigint): Required<L1BlobInputs> {
+    const blobData = new Uint8Array(131072).fill(0);
+    const kzg = Blob.getViemKzgInstance();
+    return { blobs: [blobData], kzg, maxFeePerBlobGas };
+  }
+}
+
+export function createL1TxUtilsWithBlobsFromViemWallet(
+  client: ExtendedViemWalletClient,
+  deps: {
+    logger?: Logger;
+    dateProvider?: DateProvider;
+    store?: IL1TxStore;
+    metrics?: IL1TxMetrics;
+  } = {},
+  config: Partial<L1TxUtilsConfig> = {},
+  debugMaxGasLimit: boolean = false,
+) {
+  return new L1TxUtilsWithBlobs(
+    client,
+    EthAddress.fromString(client.account.address),
+    createViemSigner(client),
+    deps.logger,
+    deps.dateProvider,
+    config,
+    debugMaxGasLimit,
+    deps.store,
+    deps.metrics,
+  );
+}
+
+export function createL1TxUtilsWithBlobsFromEthSigner(
+  client: ViemClient,
+  signer: EthSigner,
+  deps: {
+    logger?: Logger;
+    dateProvider?: DateProvider;
+    store?: IL1TxStore;
+    metrics?: IL1TxMetrics;
+  } = {},
+  config: Partial<L1TxUtilsConfig> = {},
+  debugMaxGasLimit: boolean = false,
+) {
+  const callback: SigningCallback = async (transaction: TransactionSerializable, _signingAddress) => {
+    return (await signer.signTransaction(transaction)).toViemTransactionSignature();
+  };
+
+  return new L1TxUtilsWithBlobs(
+    client,
+    signer.address,
+    callback,
+    deps.logger,
+    deps.dateProvider,
+    config,
+    debugMaxGasLimit,
+    deps.store,
+    deps.metrics,
+  );
+}

package/src/l1_tx_utils/readonly_l1_tx_utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,558 @@
+import { getKeys, median, merge, pick, times } from '@aztec/foundation/collection';
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
+import { DateProvider } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { RollupAbi } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts/RollupAbi';
+
+import pickBy from 'lodash.pickby';
+import {
+  type Abi,
+  type Account,
+  type BaseError,
+  type BlockOverrides,
+  type ContractFunctionExecutionError,
+  type Hex,
+  MethodNotFoundRpcError,
+  MethodNotSupportedRpcError,
+  type StateOverride,
+  decodeErrorResult,
+  formatGwei,
+  getContractError,
+  hexToBytes,
+} from 'viem';
+
+import type { ViemClient } from '../types.js';
+import { type L1TxUtilsConfig, defaultL1TxUtilsConfig, l1TxUtilsConfigMappings } from './config.js';
+import {
+  BLOCK_TIME_MS,
+  LARGE_GAS_LIMIT,
+  MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE,
+  MIN_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE,
+  WEI_CONST,
+} from './constants.js';
+import type { GasPrice, L1BlobInputs, L1TxRequest, TransactionStats } from './types.js';
+import { getCalldataGasUsage, tryGetCustomErrorNameContractFunction } from './utils.js';
+
+const HISTORICAL_BLOCK_COUNT = 5;
+
+export class ReadOnlyL1TxUtils {
+  public config: Required<L1TxUtilsConfig>;
+  protected interrupted = false;
+
+  constructor(
+    public client: ViemClient,
+    protected logger: Logger = createLogger('ethereum:readonly-l1-utils'),
+    public readonly dateProvider: DateProvider,
+    config?: Partial<L1TxUtilsConfig>,
+    protected debugMaxGasLimit: boolean = false,
+  ) {
+    this.config = merge(defaultL1TxUtilsConfig, pick(config || {}, ...getKeys(l1TxUtilsConfigMappings)));
+  }
+
+  public interrupt() {
+    this.interrupted = true;
+  }
+
+  public restart() {
+    this.interrupted = false;
+  }
+
+  public getBlock() {
+    return this.client.getBlock();
+  }
+
+  public getBlockNumber() {
+    return this.client.getBlockNumber();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Analyzes pending transactions and recent fee history to determine a competitive priority fee.
+   * Falls back to network estimate if data is unavailable or fails.
+   * @param networkEstimateResult - Result from estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas RPC call
+   * @param pendingBlockResult - Result from getBlock with pending tag RPC call
+   * @param feeHistoryResult - Result from getFeeHistory RPC call
+   * @returns A competitive priority fee based on pending txs and recent block history
+   */
+  protected getCompetitivePriorityFee(
+    networkEstimateResult: PromiseSettledResult<bigint | null>,
+    pendingBlockResult: PromiseSettledResult<Awaited<ReturnType<ViemClient['getBlock']>> | null>,
+    feeHistoryResult: PromiseSettledResult<Awaited<ReturnType<ViemClient['getFeeHistory']>> | null>,
+  ): bigint {
+    const networkEstimate =
+      networkEstimateResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof networkEstimateResult.value === 'bigint'
+        ? networkEstimateResult.value
+        : 0n;
+    let competitiveFee = networkEstimate;
+
+    if (
+      pendingBlockResult.status === 'fulfilled' &&
+      pendingBlockResult.value !== null &&
+      pendingBlockResult.value.transactions &&
+      pendingBlockResult.value.transactions.length > 0
+    ) {
+      const pendingBlock = pendingBlockResult.value;
+      // Extract priority fees from pending transactions
+      const pendingFees = pendingBlock.transactions
+        .map(tx => {
+          // Transaction can be just a hash string, so we need to check if it's an object
+          if (typeof tx === 'string') {
+            return 0n;
+          }
+          const fee = tx.maxPriorityFeePerGas || 0n;
+          // Debug: Log suspicious fees
+          if (fee > 100n * WEI_CONST) {
+            this.logger?.warn('Suspicious high priority fee in pending tx', {
+              txHash: tx.hash,
+              maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(fee),
+              maxFeePerGas: formatGwei(tx.maxFeePerGas || 0n),
+              maxFeePerBlobGas: tx.maxFeePerBlobGas ? formatGwei(tx.maxFeePerBlobGas) : 'N/A',
+            });
+          }
+          return fee;
+        })
+        .filter((fee: bigint) => fee > 0n);
+
+      if (pendingFees.length > 0) {
+        // Use 75th percentile of pending fees to be competitive
+        const sortedPendingFees = [...pendingFees].sort((a, b) => (a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0));
+        const percentile75Index = Math.floor((sortedPendingFees.length - 1) * 0.75);
+        const pendingCompetitiveFee = sortedPendingFees[percentile75Index];
+
+        if (pendingCompetitiveFee > competitiveFee) {
+          competitiveFee = pendingCompetitiveFee;
+        }
+
+        this.logger?.debug('Analyzed pending transactions for competitive pricing', {
+          pendingTxCount: pendingFees.length,
+          pendingP75: formatGwei(pendingCompetitiveFee),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+    if (
+      feeHistoryResult.status === 'fulfilled' &&
+      feeHistoryResult.value !== null &&
+      feeHistoryResult.value.reward &&
+      feeHistoryResult.value.reward.length > 0
+    ) {
+      const feeHistory = feeHistoryResult.value;
+      // Extract 75th percentile fees from each block
+      const percentile75Fees = feeHistory.reward!.map(rewards => rewards[0] || 0n).filter(fee => fee > 0n);
+
+      if (percentile75Fees.length > 0) {
+        // Calculate median of the 75th percentile fees across blocks
+        const medianHistoricalFee = median(percentile75Fees) ?? 0n;
+
+        // Debug: Log suspicious fees from history
+        if (medianHistoricalFee > 100n * WEI_CONST) {
+          this.logger?.warn('Suspicious high fee in history', {
+            historicalMedian: formatGwei(medianHistoricalFee),
+            allP75Fees: percentile75Fees.map(f => formatGwei(f)),
+          });
+        }
+
+        if (medianHistoricalFee > competitiveFee) {
+          competitiveFee = medianHistoricalFee;
+        }
+
+        this.logger?.debug('Analyzed fee history for competitive pricing', {
+          historicalMedian: formatGwei(medianHistoricalFee),
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Sanity check: cap competitive fee at 100x network estimate to avoid using unrealistic fees
+    // (e.g., Anvil returns inflated historical fees that don't reflect actual network conditions)
+    const maxReasonableFee = networkEstimate * 100n;
+    if (competitiveFee > maxReasonableFee) {
+      this.logger?.warn('Competitive fee exceeds sanity cap, using capped value', {
+        competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitiveFee),
+        networkEstimate: formatGwei(networkEstimate),
+        cappedTo: formatGwei(maxReasonableFee),
+      });
+      competitiveFee = maxReasonableFee;
+    }
+
+    // Log final decision
+    if (competitiveFee > networkEstimate) {
+      this.logger?.debug('Using competitive fee from market analysis', {
+        networkEstimate: formatGwei(networkEstimate),
+        competitive: formatGwei(competitiveFee),
+      });
+    }
+
+    return competitiveFee;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the current gas price with bounds checking
+   */
+  public async getGasPrice(
+    gasConfigOverrides?: L1TxUtilsConfig,
+    isBlobTx: boolean = false,
+    attempt: number = 0,
+    previousGasPrice?: typeof attempt extends 0 ? never : GasPrice,
+  ): Promise<GasPrice> {
+    const gasConfig = merge(this.config, gasConfigOverrides);
+
+    // Make all RPC calls in parallel upfront with retry logic
+    const latestBlockPromise = this.tryTwice(
+      () => this.client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'latest' }),
+      'Getting latest block',
+    );
+    const networkEstimatePromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
+      ? null
+      : this.tryTwice(() => this.client.estimateMaxPriorityFeePerGas(), 'Estimating max priority fee per gas');
+    const pendingBlockPromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
+      ? null
+      : this.tryTwice(
+          () => this.client.getBlock({ blockTag: 'pending', includeTransactions: true }),
+          'Getting pending block',
+        );
+    const feeHistoryPromise = gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas
+      ? null
+      : this.tryTwice(
+          () => this.client.getFeeHistory({ blockCount: HISTORICAL_BLOCK_COUNT, rewardPercentiles: [75] }),
+          'Getting fee history',
+        );
+    const blobBaseFeePromise = isBlobTx
+      ? this.tryTwice(() => this.client.getBlobBaseFee(), 'Getting blob base fee')
+      : null;
+
+    const [latestBlockResult, networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult, blobBaseFeeResult] =
+      await Promise.allSettled([
+        latestBlockPromise,
+        networkEstimatePromise ?? Promise.resolve(0n),
+        pendingBlockPromise ?? Promise.resolve(null),
+        feeHistoryPromise ?? Promise.resolve(null),
+        blobBaseFeePromise ?? Promise.resolve(0n),
+      ]);
+
+    // Extract results
+    const baseFee =
+      latestBlockResult.status === 'fulfilled' &&
+      typeof latestBlockResult.value === 'object' &&
+      latestBlockResult.value.baseFeePerGas
+        ? latestBlockResult.value.baseFeePerGas
+        : 0n;
+
+    // Get blob base fee if available
+    let blobBaseFee = 0n;
+    if (isBlobTx && blobBaseFeeResult.status === 'fulfilled' && typeof blobBaseFeeResult.value === 'bigint') {
+      blobBaseFee = blobBaseFeeResult.value;
+    } else if (isBlobTx) {
+      this.logger?.warn('Failed to get L1 blob base fee', attempt);
+    }
+
+    let priorityFee: bigint;
+    if (gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
+      this.logger?.debug('Using fixed priority fee per L1 gas', {
+        fixedPriorityFeePerGas: gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas,
+      });
+      priorityFee = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas * Number(WEI_CONST)));
+    } else {
+      // Get competitive priority fee (includes network estimate + analysis)
+      priorityFee = this.getCompetitivePriorityFee(networkEstimateResult, pendingBlockResult, feeHistoryResult);
+    }
+    let maxFeePerGas = baseFee;
+
+    let maxFeePerBlobGas = blobBaseFee;
+
+    // Bump base fee so it's valid for next blocks if it stalls
+    const numBlocks = Math.ceil(gasConfig.stallTimeMs! / BLOCK_TIME_MS);
+    for (let i = 0; i < numBlocks; i++) {
+      // each block can go up 12.5% from previous baseFee
+      maxFeePerGas = (maxFeePerGas * (1_000n + 125n)) / 1_000n;
+      // same for blob gas fee
+      maxFeePerBlobGas = (maxFeePerBlobGas * (1_000n + 125n)) / 1_000n;
+    }
+
+    if (attempt > 0) {
+      const configBump =
+        gasConfig.priorityFeeRetryBumpPercentage ?? defaultL1TxUtilsConfig.priorityFeeRetryBumpPercentage!;
+
+      // if this is a blob tx, we have to use the blob bump percentage
+      const minBumpPercentage = isBlobTx ? MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE : MIN_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE;
+
+      const bumpPercentage = configBump > minBumpPercentage ? configBump : minBumpPercentage;
+      // Calculate minimum required fees based on previous attempt
+      // multiply by 100 & divide by 100 to maintain some precision
+      const minPriorityFee =
+        (previousGasPrice!.maxPriorityFeePerGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+      const minMaxFee = (previousGasPrice!.maxFeePerGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+
+      let competitivePriorityFee = priorityFee;
+      if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
+        // Apply bump percentage to competitive fee
+        competitivePriorityFee = (priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt(configBump * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+
+        this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up attempt ${attempt}: using competitive fee strategy`, {
+          networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+          competitiveFee: formatGwei(competitivePriorityFee),
+          minRequired: formatGwei(minPriorityFee),
+          bumpPercentage: configBump,
+        });
+      }
+
+      // Use maximum between competitive fee and minimum required bump
+      const finalPriorityFee = competitivePriorityFee > minPriorityFee ? competitivePriorityFee : minPriorityFee;
+      const feeSource = finalPriorityFee === competitivePriorityFee ? 'competitive' : 'minimum-bump';
+
+      priorityFee = finalPriorityFee;
+      // Add the final priority fee to maxFeePerGas
+      maxFeePerGas += finalPriorityFee;
+      maxFeePerGas = maxFeePerGas > minMaxFee ? maxFeePerGas : minMaxFee;
+
+      if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
+        this.logger?.debug(`Speed-up fee decision: using ${feeSource} fee`, {
+          finalPriorityFee: formatGwei(finalPriorityFee),
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      // First attempt: apply configured bump percentage to competitive fee
+      // multiply by 100 & divide by 100 to maintain some precision
+      if (!gasConfig.fixedPriorityFeePerGas) {
+        priorityFee = (priorityFee * (100_00n + BigInt((gasConfig.priorityFeeBumpPercentage || 0) * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+        this.logger?.debug('Initial transaction: using competitive fee from market analysis', {
+          networkEstimate: formatGwei(priorityFee),
+        });
+      }
+      maxFeePerGas += priorityFee;
+    }
+
+    // maxGwei and maxBlobGwei are hard limits
+    const effectiveMaxGwei = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.maxGwei! * Number(WEI_CONST)));
+    const effectiveMaxBlobGwei = BigInt(Math.trunc(gasConfig.maxBlobGwei! * Number(WEI_CONST)));
+
+    // Ensure we don't exceed maxGwei
+    if (effectiveMaxGwei > 0n) {
+      maxFeePerGas = maxFeePerGas > effectiveMaxGwei ? effectiveMaxGwei : maxFeePerGas;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure we don't exceed maxBlobGwei
+    if (maxFeePerBlobGas && effectiveMaxBlobGwei > 0n) {
+      maxFeePerBlobGas = maxFeePerBlobGas > effectiveMaxBlobGwei ? effectiveMaxBlobGwei : maxFeePerBlobGas;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure priority fee doesn't exceed max fee
+    const maxPriorityFeePerGas = priorityFee > maxFeePerGas ? maxFeePerGas : priorityFee;
+
+    if (attempt > 0 && previousGasPrice?.maxFeePerBlobGas) {
+      const bumpPercentage =
+        gasConfig.priorityFeeRetryBumpPercentage! > MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE
+          ? gasConfig.priorityFeeRetryBumpPercentage!
+          : MIN_BLOB_REPLACEMENT_BUMP_PERCENTAGE;
+
+      // calculate min blob fee based on previous attempt
+      const minBlobFee = (previousGasPrice.maxFeePerBlobGas * (100_00n + BigInt(bumpPercentage * 1_00))) / 100_00n;
+
+      // use max between current network values and min required values
+      maxFeePerBlobGas = maxFeePerBlobGas > minBlobFee ? maxFeePerBlobGas : minBlobFee;
+    }
+
+    this.logger?.trace(
+      `Computed L1 gas price max fee ${formatGwei(maxFeePerGas)} and max priority fee ${formatGwei(maxPriorityFeePerGas)}`,
+      {
+        attempt,
+        baseFee: formatGwei(baseFee),
+        maxFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxFeePerGas),
+        maxPriorityFeePerGas: formatGwei(maxPriorityFeePerGas),
+        blobBaseFee: formatGwei(blobBaseFee),
+        maxFeePerBlobGas: formatGwei(maxFeePerBlobGas),
+      },
+    );
+
+    return {
+      maxFeePerGas,
+      maxPriorityFeePerGas,
+      ...(maxFeePerBlobGas && { maxFeePerBlobGas: maxFeePerBlobGas }),
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Estimates gas and adds buffer
+   */
+  public async estimateGas(
+    account: Account | Hex,
+    request: L1TxRequest,
+    _gasConfig?: L1TxUtilsConfig,
+    _blobInputs?: L1BlobInputs,
+  ): Promise<bigint> {
+    const gasConfig = { ...this.config, ..._gasConfig };
+    let initialEstimate = 0n;
+    if (_blobInputs) {
+      // @note requests with blobs also require maxFeePerBlobGas to be set
+      const gasPrice = await this.getGasPrice(gasConfig, true, 0);
+      initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({
+        account,
+        ...request,
+        ..._blobInputs,
+        maxFeePerBlobGas: gasPrice.maxFeePerBlobGas!,
+        gas: LARGE_GAS_LIMIT,
+      });
+
+      this.logger?.trace(`Estimated gas for blob tx: ${initialEstimate}`);
+    } else {
+      initialEstimate = await this.client.estimateGas({ account, ...request, gas: LARGE_GAS_LIMIT });
+      this.logger?.trace(`Estimated gas for non-blob tx: ${initialEstimate}`);
+    }
+
+    // Add buffer based on either fixed amount or percentage
+    const withBuffer = this.bumpGasLimit(initialEstimate, gasConfig);
+
+    return withBuffer;
+  }
+
+  async getTransactionStats(txHash: string): Promise<TransactionStats | undefined> {
+    const tx = await this.client.getTransaction({ hash: txHash as Hex });
+    if (!tx) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    const calldata = hexToBytes(tx.input);
+    return {
+      sender: tx.from.toString(),
+      transactionHash: tx.hash,
+      calldataSize: calldata.length,
+      calldataGas: getCalldataGasUsage(calldata),
+    };
+  }
+
+  public async tryGetErrorFromRevertedTx(
+    data: Hex,
+    args: {
+      args: readonly any[];
+      functionName: string;
+      abi: Abi;
+      address: Hex;
+    },
+    blobInputs: (L1BlobInputs & { maxFeePerBlobGas: bigint }) | undefined,
+    stateOverride: StateOverride = [],
+  ) {
+    try {
+      await this.client.simulateContract({
+        ...args,
+        account: this.client.account,
+        stateOverride,
+      });
+      this.logger?.trace('Simulated blob tx', { blobInputs });
+      // If the above passes, we have a blob error. We cannot simulate blob txs, and failed txs no longer throw errors.
+      // Strangely, the only way to throw the revert reason as an error and provide blobs is prepareTransactionRequest.
+      // See: https://github.com/wevm/viem/issues/2075
+      // This throws a EstimateGasExecutionError with the custom error information:
+      const request = blobInputs
+        ? {
+            account: this.client.account,
+            to: args.address,
+            data,
+            blobs: blobInputs.blobs,
+            kzg: blobInputs.kzg,
+            maxFeePerBlobGas: blobInputs.maxFeePerBlobGas,
+          }
+        : {
+            account: this.client.account,
+            to: args.address,
+            data,
+          };
+      this.logger?.trace('Preparing tx', { request });
+      await this.client.prepareTransactionRequest(request);
+      this.logger?.trace('Prepared tx');
+      return undefined;
+    } catch (simulationErr: any) {
+      // If we don't have a ContractFunctionExecutionError, we have a blob related error => use getContractError to get the error msg.
+      const contractErr =
+        simulationErr.name === 'ContractFunctionExecutionError'
+          ? simulationErr
+          : getContractError(simulationErr as BaseError, {
+              args: [],
+              abi: args.abi,
+              functionName: args.functionName,
+              address: args.address,
+            });
+      if (contractErr.name === 'ContractFunctionExecutionError') {
+        const execErr = contractErr as ContractFunctionExecutionError;
+        return tryGetCustomErrorNameContractFunction(execErr);
+      }
+      this.logger?.error(`Error getting error from simulation`, simulationErr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public async simulate(
+    request: L1TxRequest & { gas?: bigint; from?: Hex },
+    blockOverrides: BlockOverrides<bigint, number> = {},
+    stateOverrides: StateOverride = [],
+    abi: Abi = RollupAbi,
+    _gasConfig?: L1TxUtilsConfig & { fallbackGasEstimate?: bigint },
+  ): Promise<{ gasUsed: bigint; result: `0x${string}` }> {
+    const gasConfig = { ...this.config, ..._gasConfig };
+
+    const call: any = {
+      to: request.to!,
+      data: request.data,
+      ...(request.from && { from: request.from }),
+    };
+
+    return await this._simulate(call, blockOverrides, stateOverrides, gasConfig, abi);
+  }
+
+  protected async _simulate(
+    call: any,
+    blockOverrides: BlockOverrides<bigint, number> = {},
+    stateOverrides: StateOverride = [],
+    gasConfig: L1TxUtilsConfig & { fallbackGasEstimate?: bigint },
+    abi: Abi,
+  ) {
+    try {
+      const result = await this.client.simulateBlocks({
+        validation: false,
+        blocks: [
+          {
+            blockOverrides,
+            stateOverrides,
+            calls: [call],
+          },
+        ],
+      });
+
+      if (result[0].calls[0].status === 'failure') {
+        this.logger?.error('L1 transaction simulation failed', result[0].calls[0].error);
+        const decodedError = decodeErrorResult({ abi, data: result[0].calls[0].data });
+
+        throw new Error(
+          `L1 transaction simulation failed with error ${decodedError.errorName}(${decodedError.args?.join(',')})`,
+        );
+      }
+      this.logger?.debug(`L1 transaction simulation succeeded`, { ...result[0].calls[0] });
+      return { gasUsed: result[0].gasUsed, result: result[0].calls[0].data as `0x${string}` };
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof MethodNotFoundRpcError || err instanceof MethodNotSupportedRpcError) {
+        if (gasConfig.fallbackGasEstimate) {
+          this.logger?.warn(
+            `Node does not support eth_simulateV1 API. Using fallback gas estimate: ${gasConfig.fallbackGasEstimate}`,
+          );
+          return { gasUsed: gasConfig.fallbackGasEstimate, result: '0x' as `0x${string}` };
+        }
+        this.logger?.error('Node does not support eth_simulateV1 API');
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public bumpGasLimit(gasLimit: bigint, _gasConfig?: L1TxUtilsConfig): bigint {
+    const gasConfig = { ...this.config, ..._gasConfig };
+    const bumpedGasLimit = gasLimit + (gasLimit * BigInt((gasConfig?.gasLimitBufferPercentage || 0) * 1_00)) / 100_00n;
+
+    const cleanGasConfig = pickBy(gasConfig, (_, key) => key in l1TxUtilsConfigMappings);
+    this.logger?.trace(`Bumping gas limit from ${gasLimit} to ${bumpedGasLimit}`, {
+      gasLimit,
+      gasConfig: cleanGasConfig,
+      bumpedGasLimit,
+    });
+    return bumpedGasLimit;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Helper function to retry RPC calls twice
+   */
+  private tryTwice<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, description: string): Promise<T> {
+    return retry<T>(fn, description, makeBackoff(times(2, () => 0)), this.logger, true);
+  }
+}

package/src/l1_tx_utils/signer.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import type { ViemTransactionSignature } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-signature';
+
+import { type TransactionSerializable, type WalletClient, parseTransaction } from 'viem';
+
+import type { SigningCallback } from './types.js';
+
+export function createViemSigner(client: WalletClient) {
+  const signer: SigningCallback = async (
+    tx: TransactionSerializable,
+    _address: EthAddress,
+  ): Promise<ViemTransactionSignature> => {
+    const signedTx = await client.signTransaction(tx as any);
+
+    const parsed = parseTransaction(signedTx);
+
+    if (!parsed.r || !parsed.s || (parsed.yParity !== 0 && parsed.yParity !== 1)) {
+      throw new Error('Failed to extract signature from viem signed transaction');
+    }
+
+    return {
+      r: parsed.r,
+      s: parsed.s,
+      yParity: parsed.yParity,
+    };
+  };
+  return signer;
+}