@aztec/end-to-end 0.0.1-commit.d3ec352c → 0.0.1-commit.d58ff9d0

package/src/quality_of_service/prometheus_client.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+export type PromteheusClientOptions = {
+  server: URL;
+};
+
+export class PrometheusClient {
+  constructor(
+    private config: PromteheusClientOptions,
+    private httpClient: typeof fetch = fetch,
+  ) {}
+
+  public async querySingleValue(query: string, time = new Date()): Promise<number> {
+    const resp = await this.queryRaw(query, time);
+    if (resp.status === 'success') {
+      if (resp.data.resultType === 'vector') {
+        if (resp.data.result.length === 0) {
+          return 0;
+        }
+        const [_, value] = resp.data.result[0].value;
+        return parseFloat(value);
+      }
+    }
+
+    throw new TypeError('Unsupported response body', { cause: JSON.stringify(resp) });
+  }
+
+  public queryRaw(query: string, time = new Date()): Promise<PrometheusResponse> {
+    const searchParams = new URLSearchParams();
+    searchParams.set('query', query);
+    searchParams.set('time', String(Math.trunc(time.getTime() / 1000)));
+    searchParams.set('limit', '10');
+
+    return this.callPrometheus('query', searchParams);
+  }
+
+  public queryRangeRaw(
+    query: string,
+    step: PrometheusDuration,
+    start: Date,
+    end = new Date(),
+  ): Promise<PrometheusResponse> {
+    const searchParams = new URLSearchParams();
+    searchParams.set('query', query);
+    searchParams.set('step', step);
+    searchParams.set('start', String(Math.trunc(start.getTime() / 1000)));
+    searchParams.set('end', String(Math.trunc(end.getTime() / 1000)));
+    searchParams.set('limit', '10');
+
+    return this.callPrometheus('query_range', searchParams);
+  }
+
+  private async callPrometheus(api: string, searchParams: URLSearchParams): Promise<PrometheusResponse> {
+    const url = new URL('api/v1/' + api, this.config.server);
+    for (const [name, value] of searchParams) {
+      url.searchParams.append(name, value);
+    }
+
+    const resp = await this.httpClient(url, { method: 'GET' });
+    if (!resp.ok || resp.status !== 200) {
+      throw new Error('Invalid HTTP response from Prometheus', {
+        cause: {
+          url,
+          status: resp.status,
+          statusText: resp.statusText,
+        },
+      });
+    }
+
+    const body = await resp.json();
+    if ('status' in body && (body.status === 'error' || body.status === 'success')) {
+      return body;
+    }
+
+    throw new Error('Invalid response from Prometheus', {
+      cause: {
+        url,
+        body,
+      },
+    });
+  }
+}
+
+export type PrometheusDuration = `${number}s` | `${number}m` | `${number}h`;
+
+export type PrometheusData =
+  | {
+      resultType: 'vector';
+      result: Array<{
+        metric: unknown;
+        value: [unixTimestamp: number, value: string];
+      }>;
+    }
+  | {
+      resultType: 'matrix';
+      result: Array<{
+        metric: unknown;
+        values: [unixTimestamp: number, value: string];
+      }>;
+    }
+  | {
+      resultType: 'scalar' | 'string';
+      result: unknown;
+    };
+
+export type PrometheusResponse =
+  | {
+      status: 'error';
+      errorType: string;
+      error: string;
+    }
+  | {
+      status: 'success';
+      data: PrometheusData;
+    };

package/src/shared/cross_chain_test_harness.ts

@@ -13,17 +13,20 @@ import type { AztecNode } from '@aztec/aztec.js/node';
 import type { SiblingPath } from '@aztec/aztec.js/trees';
 import type { TxReceipt } from '@aztec/aztec.js/tx';
 import type { Wallet } from '@aztec/aztec.js/wallet';
-import { type ExtendedViemWalletClient, type L1ContractAddresses, deployL1Contract } from '@aztec/ethereum';
-import { BlockNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
-import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
-import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
+import { OutboxContract } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
+import { deployL1Contract } from '@aztec/ethereum/deploy-l1-contract';
+import type { L1ContractAddresses } from '@aztec/ethereum/l1-contract-addresses';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum/types';
+import { EpochNumber } from '@aztec/foundation/branded-types';
 import { TestERC20Abi, TokenPortalAbi, TokenPortalBytecode } from '@aztec/l1-artifacts';
 import { TokenContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/Token';
 import { TokenBridgeContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/TokenBridge';
 
 import { type Hex, getContract } from 'viem';
 
+import { testSpan } from '../fixtures/timing.js';
 import { mintTokensToPrivate } from '../fixtures/token_utils.js';
+import { waitForL1ToL2MessageSeen } from './wait_for_l1_to_l2_message.js';
 
 /**
  * Deploy L1 token and portal, initialize portal, deploy a non native l2 token contract, its L2 bridge contract and attach is to the portal.
@@ -41,6 +44,7 @@ export async function deployAndInitializeTokenAndBridgeContracts(
   rollupRegistryAddress: EthAddress,
   owner: AztecAddress,
   underlyingERC20Address: EthAddress,
+  predeployedTokenPortalAddress?: EthAddress,
 ): Promise<{
   /**
    * The L2 token contract instance.
@@ -63,8 +67,9 @@ export async function deployAndInitializeTokenAndBridgeContracts(
    */
   underlyingERC20: any;
 }> {
-  // deploy the token portal
-  const { address: tokenPortalAddress } = await deployL1Contract(l1Client, TokenPortalAbi, TokenPortalBytecode);
+  // Deploy the token portal, unless it was already deployed before the node started (under automine).
+  const tokenPortalAddress =
+    predeployedTokenPortalAddress ?? (await deployL1Contract(l1Client, TokenPortalAbi, TokenPortalBytecode)).address;
   const tokenPortal = getContract({
     address: tokenPortalAddress.toString(),
     abi: TokenPortalAbi,
@@ -72,26 +77,30 @@ export async function deployAndInitializeTokenAndBridgeContracts(
   });
 
   // deploy l2 token
-  const token = await TokenContract.deploy(wallet, owner, 'TokenName', 'TokenSymbol', 18)
-    .send({ from: owner })
-    .deployed();
+  const { contract: token } = await testSpan('deploy:token', () =>
+    TokenContract.deploy(wallet, owner, 'TokenName', 'TokenSymbol', 18).send({
+      from: owner,
+    }),
+  );
 
   // deploy l2 token bridge and attach to the portal
-  const bridge = await TokenBridgeContract.deploy(wallet, token.address, tokenPortalAddress)
-    .send({ from: owner })
-    .deployed();
+  const { contract: bridge } = await testSpan('deploy:bridge', () =>
+    TokenBridgeContract.deploy(wallet, token.address, tokenPortalAddress).send({
+      from: owner,
+    }),
+  );
 
-  if ((await token.methods.get_admin().simulate({ from: owner })) !== owner.toBigInt()) {
+  if ((await token.methods.get_admin().simulate({ from: owner })).result !== owner.toBigInt()) {
     throw new Error(`Token admin is not ${owner}`);
   }
 
-  if (!(await bridge.methods.get_config().simulate({ from: owner })).token.equals(token.address)) {
+  if (!(await bridge.methods.get_config().simulate({ from: owner })).result.token.equals(token.address)) {
     throw new Error(`Bridge token is not ${token.address}`);
   }
 
   // make the bridge a minter on the token:
-  await token.methods.set_minter(bridge.address, true).send({ from: owner }).wait();
-  if ((await token.methods.is_minter(bridge.address).simulate({ from: owner })) === 1n) {
+  await token.methods.set_minter(bridge.address, true).send({ from: owner });
+  if ((await token.methods.is_minter(bridge.address).simulate({ from: owner })).result === 1n) {
     throw new Error(`Bridge is not a minter`);
   }
 
@@ -133,6 +142,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
     ownerAddress: AztecAddress,
     logger: Logger,
     underlyingERC20Address: EthAddress,
+    predeployedTokenPortalAddress?: EthAddress,
   ): Promise<CrossChainTestHarness> {
     const ethAccount = EthAddress.fromString((await l1Client.getAddresses())[0]);
     const l1ContractAddresses = (await aztecNode.getNodeInfo()).l1ContractAddresses;
@@ -145,6 +155,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
       l1ContractAddresses.registryAddress,
       ownerAddress,
       underlyingERC20Address,
+      predeployedTokenPortalAddress,
     );
     logger.info('Deployed and initialized token, portal and its bridge.');
 
@@ -165,6 +176,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
 
   private readonly l1TokenManager: L1TokenManager;
   private readonly l1TokenPortalManager: L1TokenPortalManager;
+  public readonly outboxContract: OutboxContract;
 
   constructor(
     /** Aztec node instance. */
@@ -205,6 +217,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
       this.logger,
     );
     this.l1TokenManager = this.l1TokenPortalManager.getTokenManager();
+    this.outboxContract = new OutboxContract(this.l1Client, this.l1ContractAddresses.outboxAddress);
   }
 
   async mintTokensOnL1(amount: bigint) {
@@ -233,19 +246,20 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
 
   async mintTokensPublicOnL2(amount: bigint) {
     this.logger.info('Minting tokens on L2 publicly');
-    await this.l2Token.methods.mint_to_public(this.ownerAddress, amount).send({ from: this.ownerAddress }).wait();
+    await testSpan('tx:mint', () =>
+      this.l2Token.methods.mint_to_public(this.ownerAddress, amount).send({ from: this.ownerAddress }),
+    );
   }
 
   async mintTokensPrivateOnL2(amount: bigint) {
-    await mintTokensToPrivate(this.l2Token, this.ownerAddress, this.ownerAddress, amount);
+    await testSpan('tx:mint', () => mintTokensToPrivate(this.l2Token, this.ownerAddress, this.ownerAddress, amount));
   }
 
   async sendL2PublicTransfer(transferAmount: bigint, receiverAddress: AztecAddress) {
     // send a transfer tx to force through rollup with the message included
     await this.l2Token.methods
       .transfer_in_public(this.ownerAddress, receiverAddress, transferAmount, 0)
-      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress });
   }
 
   async consumeMessageOnAztecAndMintPrivately(
@@ -255,8 +269,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
     const { recipient, claimAmount, claimSecret: secretForL2MessageConsumption, messageLeafIndex } = claim;
     await this.l2Bridge.methods
       .claim_private(recipient, claimAmount, secretForL2MessageConsumption, messageLeafIndex)
-      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress });
   }
 
   async consumeMessageOnAztecAndMintPublicly(
@@ -266,34 +279,31 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
     const { claimAmount, claimSecret, messageLeafIndex } = claim;
     await this.l2Bridge.methods
       .claim_public(this.ownerAddress, claimAmount, claimSecret, messageLeafIndex)
-      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress });
   }
 
   async withdrawPrivateFromAztecToL1(
     withdrawAmount: bigint,
     authwitNonce: Fr = Fr.ZERO,
     authWitness: AuthWitness,
-  ): Promise<FieldsOf<TxReceipt>> {
-    const withdrawReceipt = await this.l2Bridge.methods
+  ): Promise<TxReceipt> {
+    const { receipt: withdrawReceipt } = await this.l2Bridge.methods
       .exit_to_l1_private(this.l2Token.address, this.ethAccount, withdrawAmount, EthAddress.ZERO, authwitNonce)
-      .send({ authWitnesses: [authWitness], from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+      .send({ authWitnesses: [authWitness], from: this.ownerAddress });
 
     return withdrawReceipt;
   }
 
-  async withdrawPublicFromAztecToL1(withdrawAmount: bigint, authwitNonce: Fr = Fr.ZERO): Promise<FieldsOf<TxReceipt>> {
-    const withdrawReceipt = await this.l2Bridge.methods
+  async withdrawPublicFromAztecToL1(withdrawAmount: bigint, authwitNonce: Fr = Fr.ZERO): Promise<TxReceipt> {
+    const { receipt: withdrawReceipt } = await this.l2Bridge.methods
       .exit_to_l1_public(this.ethAccount, withdrawAmount, EthAddress.ZERO, authwitNonce)
-      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress });
 
     return withdrawReceipt;
   }
 
   async getL2PrivateBalanceOf(owner: AztecAddress) {
-    return await this.l2Token.methods.balance_of_private(owner).simulate({ from: owner });
+    return (await this.l2Token.methods.balance_of_private(owner).simulate({ from: owner })).result;
   }
 
   async expectPrivateBalanceOnL2(owner: AztecAddress, expectedBalance: bigint) {
@@ -303,7 +313,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
   }
 
   async getL2PublicBalanceOf(owner: AztecAddress) {
-    return await this.l2Token.methods.balance_of_public(owner).simulate({ from: this.ownerAddress });
+    return (await this.l2Token.methods.balance_of_public(owner).simulate({ from: this.ownerAddress })).result;
   }
 
   async expectPublicBalanceOnL2(owner: AztecAddress, expectedBalance: bigint) {
@@ -322,14 +332,16 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
 
   withdrawFundsFromBridgeOnL1(
     amount: bigint,
-    blockNumber: BlockNumber,
+    epochNumber: EpochNumber,
+    numCheckpointsInEpoch: number,
     messageIndex: bigint,
     siblingPath: SiblingPath<number>,
   ) {
     return this.l1TokenPortalManager.withdrawFunds(
       amount,
       this.ethAccount,
-      BigInt(blockNumber),
+      epochNumber,
+      numCheckpointsInEpoch,
       messageIndex,
       siblingPath,
     );
@@ -337,18 +349,14 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
 
   async transferToPrivateOnL2(shieldAmount: bigint) {
     this.logger.info('Transferring to private on L2');
-    await this.l2Token.methods
-      .transfer_to_private(this.ownerAddress, shieldAmount)
-      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+    await this.l2Token.methods.transfer_to_private(this.ownerAddress, shieldAmount).send({ from: this.ownerAddress });
   }
 
   async transferToPublicOnL2(amount: bigint, authwitNonce = Fr.ZERO) {
     this.logger.info('Transferring tokens to public');
     await this.l2Token.methods
       .transfer_to_public(this.ownerAddress, this.ownerAddress, amount, authwitNonce)
-      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress })
-      .wait();
+      .send({ from: this.ownerAddress });
   }
 
   /**
@@ -360,8 +368,7 @@ export class CrossChainTestHarness {
    */
   async makeMessageConsumable(msgHash: Fr | Hex) {
     const frMsgHash = typeof msgHash === 'string' ? Fr.fromHexString(msgHash) : msgHash;
-    // We poll isL1ToL2MessageSynced endpoint until the message is available
-    await retryUntil(async () => await this.aztecNode.isL1ToL2MessageSynced(frMsgHash), 'message sync', 10);
+    await waitForL1ToL2MessageSeen(this.aztecNode, frMsgHash, { timeoutSeconds: 10 });
 
     await this.mintTokensPublicOnL2(0n);
     await this.mintTokensPublicOnL2(0n);

package/src/shared/gas_portal_test_harness.ts

@@ -4,11 +4,17 @@ import { Fr } from '@aztec/aztec.js/fields';
 import type { Logger } from '@aztec/aztec.js/log';
 import type { AztecNode } from '@aztec/aztec.js/node';
 import type { Wallet } from '@aztec/aztec.js/wallet';
-import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum';
+import type { ExtendedViemWalletClient } from '@aztec/ethereum/types';
 import { retryUntil } from '@aztec/foundation/retry';
 import { FeeJuiceContract } from '@aztec/noir-contracts.js/FeeJuice';
 import { ProtocolContractAddress } from '@aztec/protocol-contracts';
-import type { AztecNodeAdmin } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/client';
+import type { AztecNodeAdmin, AztecNodeDebug } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/client';
+
+import { testSpan } from '../fixtures/timing.js';
+import { waitForL1ToL2MessageSeen } from './wait_for_l1_to_l2_message.js';
+
+/** Aztec node that may expose the debug mining API in local e2e setups. */
+type MiningAztecNode = AztecNode & Partial<AztecNodeDebug>;
 
 export interface IGasBridgingTestHarness {
   getL1FeeJuiceBalance(address: EthAddress): Promise<bigint>;
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ export interface IGasBridgingTestHarness {
 }
 
 export interface FeeJuicePortalTestingHarnessFactoryConfig {
-  aztecNode: AztecNode;
+  aztecNode: MiningAztecNode;
   aztecNodeAdmin?: AztecNodeAdmin;
   l1Client: ExtendedViemWalletClient;
   wallet: Wallet;
@@ -75,7 +81,7 @@ export class GasBridgingTestHarness implements IGasBridgingTestHarness {
 
   constructor(
     /** Aztec node */
-    public aztecNode: AztecNode,
+    public aztecNode: MiningAztecNode,
     /** Aztec node admin interface */
     public aztecNodeAdmin: AztecNodeAdmin | undefined,
     /** Wallet. */
@@ -127,11 +133,11 @@ export class GasBridgingTestHarness implements IGasBridgingTestHarness {
   async consumeMessageOnAztecAndClaimPrivately(owner: AztecAddress, claimer: AztecAddress, claim: L2AmountClaim) {
     this.logger.info('Consuming messages on L2 Privately');
     const { claimAmount, claimSecret, messageLeafIndex } = claim;
-    await this.feeJuice.methods.claim(owner, claimAmount, claimSecret, messageLeafIndex).send({ from: claimer }).wait();
+    await this.feeJuice.methods.claim(owner, claimAmount, claimSecret, messageLeafIndex).send({ from: claimer });
   }
 
   async getL2PublicBalanceOf(owner: AztecAddress) {
-    return await this.feeJuice.methods.balance_of_public(owner).simulate({ from: owner });
+    return (await this.feeJuice.methods.balance_of_public(owner).simulate({ from: owner })).result;
   }
 
   async expectPublicBalanceOnL2(owner: AztecAddress, expectedBalance: bigint) {
@@ -144,8 +150,7 @@ export class GasBridgingTestHarness implements IGasBridgingTestHarness {
     await this.mintTokensOnL1();
     const claim = await this.sendTokensToPortalPublic(bridgeAmount, owner);
 
-    const isSynced = async () => await this.aztecNode.isL1ToL2MessageSynced(Fr.fromHexString(claim.messageHash));
-    await retryUntil(isSynced, `message ${claim.messageHash} sync`, 24, 1);
+    await waitForL1ToL2MessageSeen(this.aztecNode, Fr.fromHexString(claim.messageHash), { timeoutSeconds: 24 });
 
     // Progress by 2 L2 blocks so that the l1ToL2Message added above will be available to use on L2.
     await this.advanceL2Block();
@@ -155,14 +160,21 @@ export class GasBridgingTestHarness implements IGasBridgingTestHarness {
   }
 
   async bridgeFromL1ToL2(owner: AztecAddress, claimer: AztecAddress) {
-    // Prepare the tokens on the L1 side
-    const claim = await this.prepareTokensOnL1(owner);
+    await testSpan('setup:bridge', async () => {
+      // Prepare the tokens on the L1 side
+      const claim = await this.prepareTokensOnL1(owner);
 
-    // Consume L1 -> L2 message and claim tokens privately on L2
-    await this.consumeMessageOnAztecAndClaimPrivately(owner, claimer, claim);
+      // Consume L1 -> L2 message and claim tokens privately on L2
+      await this.consumeMessageOnAztecAndClaimPrivately(owner, claimer, claim);
+    });
   }
 
   private async advanceL2Block() {
+    if (this.aztecNode.mineBlock) {
+      await this.aztecNode.mineBlock();
+      return;
+    }
+
     const initialBlockNumber = await this.aztecNode.getBlockNumber();
 
     let minTxsPerBlock = undefined;
@@ -171,11 +183,17 @@ export class GasBridgingTestHarness implements IGasBridgingTestHarness {
       await this.aztecNodeAdmin.setConfig({ minTxsPerBlock: 0 }); // Set to 0 to ensure we can advance the block
     }
 
-    await retryUntil(async () => (await this.aztecNode.getBlockNumber()) >= initialBlockNumber + 1);
-
-    if (this.aztecNodeAdmin && minTxsPerBlock !== undefined) {
-      await this.aztecNodeAdmin.setConfig({ minTxsPerBlock });
+    try {
+      await retryUntil(
+        async () => (await this.aztecNode.getBlockNumber()) >= initialBlockNumber + 1,
+        'gas portal block advance',
+        0,
+        0.25,
+      );
+    } finally {
+      if (this.aztecNodeAdmin && minTxsPerBlock !== undefined) {
+        await this.aztecNodeAdmin.setConfig({ minTxsPerBlock });
+      }
     }
   }
 }
-// docs:end:cross_chain_test_harness

package/src/shared/index.ts

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-export { uniswapL1L2TestSuite, type UniswapSetupContext } from './uniswap_l1_l2.js';
+export { uniswapL1L2TestSuite } from './uniswap_l1_l2.js';
+export { MockStateView, diffInBps } from './mock_state_view.js';

package/src/shared/jest_setup.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,19 @@
 import { createLogger } from '@aztec/aztec.js/log';
 
-import { beforeEach, expect } from '@jest/globals';
+import { afterAll, afterEach, beforeEach, expect } from '@jest/globals';
+import { readlinkSync } from 'fs';
 import { basename } from 'path';
 
+import { EluMonitor } from '../fixtures/elu_monitor.js';
+
+const eluMonitor = process.env.ELU_MONITOR_FILE
+  ? new EluMonitor(process.env.ELU_MONITOR_FILE, Number(process.env.ELU_MONITOR_INTERVAL_MS) || undefined)
+  : undefined;
+
+if (eluMonitor) {
+  process.on('exit', () => eluMonitor.stop());
+}
+
 beforeEach(() => {
   const { testPath, currentTestName } = expect.getState();
   if (!testPath || !currentTestName) {
@@ -10,4 +21,43 @@ beforeEach(() => {
   }
   const logger = createLogger(`e2e:${basename(testPath).replace('.test.ts', '')}`);
   logger.info(`Running test: ${currentTestName}`);
+  eluMonitor?.startTest(currentTestName);
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  eluMonitor?.stopTest();
+});
+
+// Log leaked handles after all tests complete. This runs after test-level afterAll hooks,
+// so any handles still alive at this point were not properly cleaned up during teardown.
+// This diagnostic helps identify the source of exit hangs without masking them.
+afterAll(() => {
+  const handles = (process as any)._getActiveHandles();
+  if (handles.length > 0) {
+    const details = handles.map((h: any) => {
+      const type = h?.constructor?.name ?? typeof h;
+      const fd = h?.fd ?? h?._handle?.fd ?? '?';
+      const destroyed = h?.destroyed ?? '?';
+      const hasRef = typeof h?.hasRef === 'function' ? h.hasRef() : '?';
+      const localAddr = h?.localAddress ?? '';
+      const remoteAddr = h?.remoteAddress ?? '';
+      const localPort = h?.localPort ?? '';
+      const remotePort = h?.remotePort ?? '';
+      const proto = Object.getPrototypeOf(h)?.constructor?.name ?? '?';
+      const keys = Object.keys(h).slice(0, 10).join(',');
+      let fdTarget = '';
+      if (typeof fd === 'number') {
+        try {
+          fdTarget = ` -> ${readlinkSync(`/proc/self/fd/${fd}`)}`;
+        } catch {
+          // ignore
+        }
+      }
+      return `  ${type}(fd=${fd}, destroyed=${destroyed}, hasRef=${hasRef}${fdTarget}) proto=${proto} addr=${localAddr}:${localPort}->${remoteAddr}:${remotePort} keys=[${keys}]`;
+    });
+    process.stderr.write(
+      `\n[jest_setup] WARNING: ${handles.length} handle(s) still active after teardown:\n${details.join('\n')}\n` +
+        `These may prevent Jest from exiting. Investigate and fix the leak.\n\n`,
+    );
+  }
 });