@aztec/bb.js 3.0.0-nightly.20251124 → 3.0.0-nightly.20251126

package/src/barretenberg/poseidon.bench.test.ts

@@ -94,7 +94,20 @@ describe('poseidon2Hash benchmark (Async API): WASM vs Native', () => {
         nativeSocketTime = performance.now() - nativeSocketStart;
       }
 
-      // Benchmark 3: Native Shared Memory (async)
+      // Benchmark 3: Native Socket (async, request pipelined)
+      let nativeSocketPipelinedTime = 0;
+      if (nativeSocketApi) {
+        const nativeSocketPipelinedStart = performance.now();
+        // Use promise.all to pipeline requests
+        const promises = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++) {
+          promises.push(nativeSocketApi.poseidon2Hash({ inputs }));
+        }
+        await Promise.all(promises);
+        nativeSocketPipelinedTime = performance.now() - nativeSocketPipelinedStart;
+      }
+
+      // Benchmark 4: Native Shared Memory (async)
       let nativeShmTime = 0;
       if (nativeShmApi) {
         const nativeShmStart = performance.now();
@@ -104,7 +117,20 @@ describe('poseidon2Hash benchmark (Async API): WASM vs Native', () => {
         nativeShmTime = performance.now() - nativeShmStart;
       }
 
-      // Benchmark 4: Native Shared Memory (sync)
+      // Benchmark 5: Native Shared Memory (async, request pipelined)
+      let nativeShmPipelinedTime = 0;
+      if (nativeShmApi) {
+        const nativeShmPipelinedStart = performance.now();
+        // Use promise.all to pipeline requests
+        const promises = [];
+        for (let i = 0; i < ITERATIONS; i++) {
+          promises.push(nativeShmApi.poseidon2Hash({ inputs }));
+        }
+        await Promise.all(promises);
+        nativeShmPipelinedTime = performance.now() - nativeShmPipelinedStart;
+      }
+
+      // Benchmark 6: Native Shared Memory (sync)
       let nativeShmSyncTime = 0;
       if (nativeShmSyncApi) {
         const nativeShmSyncStart = performance.now();
@@ -116,16 +142,20 @@ describe('poseidon2Hash benchmark (Async API): WASM vs Native', () => {
 
       // Calculate metrics (all relative to WASM baseline)
       const nativeSocketOverhead = ((nativeSocketTime - wasmTime) / wasmTime) * 100;
+      const nativeSocketPipelinedOverhead = ((nativeSocketPipelinedTime - wasmTime) / wasmTime) * 100;
       const nativeShmOverhead = ((nativeShmTime - wasmTime) / wasmTime) * 100;
+      const nativeShmPipelinedOverhead = ((nativeShmPipelinedTime - wasmTime) / wasmTime) * 100;
       const nativeShmSyncOverhead = ((nativeShmSyncTime - wasmTime) / wasmTime) * 100;
 
       const avgWasmTimeUs = (wasmTime / ITERATIONS) * 1000;
       const avgNativeSocketTimeUs = (nativeSocketTime / ITERATIONS) * 1000;
+      const avgNativeSocketPipelinedTimeUs = (nativeSocketPipelinedTime / ITERATIONS) * 1000;
       const avgNativeShmTimeUs = (nativeShmTime / ITERATIONS) * 1000;
+      const avgNativeShmPipelinedTimeUs = (nativeShmPipelinedTime / ITERATIONS) * 1000;
       const avgNativeShmSyncTimeUs = (nativeShmSyncTime / ITERATIONS) * 1000;
 
       process.stdout.write(
-        `┌─ Size ${size.toString().padStart(3)} field elements ──────────────────────────────────┐\n`,
+        `┌─ Size ${size.toString().padStart(3)} field elements ───────────────────────────────────────┐\n`,
       );
       const formatOverhead = (overhead: number): string => {
         const sign = overhead >= 0 ? '+' : '-';
@@ -135,37 +165,57 @@ describe('poseidon2Hash benchmark (Async API): WASM vs Native', () => {
 
       if (wasmApi) {
         process.stdout.write(
-          `│ WASM:               ${wasmTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgWasmTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) [baseline] │\n`,
+          `│ WASM:                    ${wasmTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgWasmTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) [baseline] │\n`,
+        );
+      } else {
+        process.stdout.write(`│ WASM:                                               unavailable │\n`);
+      }
+
+      if (nativeSocketApi) {
+        process.stdout.write(
+          `│ Native Socket:           ${nativeSocketTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeSocketTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeSocketOverhead)}   │\n`,
         );
       } else {
-        process.stdout.write(`│ WASM:                                          unavailable │\n`);
+        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Socket:                                      unavailable │\n`);
       }
 
       if (nativeSocketApi) {
         process.stdout.write(
-          `│ Native Socket:      ${nativeSocketTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeSocketTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeSocketOverhead)}   │\n`,
+          `│ Native Socket Pipelined: ${nativeSocketPipelinedTime
+            .toFixed(2)
+            .padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeSocketPipelinedTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(
+            nativeSocketPipelinedOverhead,
+          )}   │\n`,
+        );
+      } else {
+        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Socket Pipelined:                            unavailable │\n`);
+      }
+
+      if (nativeShmApi) {
+        process.stdout.write(
+          `│ Native Shared:           ${nativeShmTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeShmTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeShmOverhead)}   │\n`,
         );
       } else {
-        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Socket:                                 unavailable │\n`);
+        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Shared:                                      unavailable │\n`);
       }
 
       if (nativeShmApi) {
         process.stdout.write(
-          `│ Native Shared:      ${nativeShmTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeShmTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeShmOverhead)}   │\n`,
+          `│ Native Shared Pipelined: ${nativeShmPipelinedTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeShmPipelinedTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeShmPipelinedOverhead)}   │\n`,
         );
       } else {
-        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Shared:                                 unavailable │\n`);
+        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Shared Pipelined:                            unavailable │\n`);
       }
 
       if (nativeShmSyncApi) {
         process.stdout.write(
-          `│ Native Shared Sync: ${nativeShmSyncTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeShmSyncTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeShmSyncOverhead)}   │\n`,
+          `│ Native Shared Sync:      ${nativeShmSyncTime.toFixed(2).padStart(8)}ms (${avgNativeShmSyncTimeUs.toFixed(2).padStart(7)}µs/call) ${formatOverhead(nativeShmSyncOverhead)}   │\n`,
         );
       } else {
-        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Shared Sync:                            unavailable │\n`);
+        process.stdout.write(`│ Native Shared Sync:                                 unavailable │\n`);
       }
 
-      process.stdout.write(`└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘\n`);
+      process.stdout.write(`└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘\n`);
 
       const wasmResult = await wasmApi!.poseidon2Hash({ inputs });
 

package/src/bb_backends/index.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ export enum BackendType {
   WasmWorker = 'WasmWorker',
   /** Native via Unix domain socket (async only) */
   NativeUnixSocket = 'NativeUnixSocket',
-  /** Native via shared memory (sync only currently) */
+  /** Native via shared memory */
   NativeSharedMemory = 'NativeSharedMemory',
 }
 

package/src/bb_backends/node/index.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { BarretenbergNativeSocketAsyncBackend } from './native_socket.js';
 import { BarretenbergWasmSyncBackend, BarretenbergWasmAsyncBackend } from '../wasm.js';
 import { BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend } from './native_shm.js';
-import { SyncToAsyncAdapter } from '../sync_to_async_adapter.js';
+import { BarretenbergNativeShmAsyncBackend } from './native_shm_async.js';
 import { findBbBinary, findNapiBinary } from './platform.js';
 import { Barretenberg, BarretenbergSync } from '../../barretenberg/index.js';
 import { BackendOptions, BackendType } from '../index.js';
@@ -37,17 +37,10 @@ export async function createAsyncBackend(
       }
       const napiPath = findNapiBinary();
       if (!napiPath) {
-        throw new Error('Native sync backend requires napi client stub.');
+        throw new Error('Native async backend requires napi client stub.');
       }
-      logger(`Using native shared memory backend (via sync adapter): ${bbPath}`);
-      // Use sync backend with adapter to provide async interface
-      const syncBackend = await BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend.new(
-        bbPath,
-        options.threads,
-        options.maxClients,
-        options.logger,
-      );
-      const asyncBackend = new SyncToAsyncAdapter(syncBackend);
+      logger(`Using native shared memory async backend: ${bbPath}`);
+      const asyncBackend = await BarretenbergNativeShmAsyncBackend.new(bbPath, options.threads, options.logger);
       return new Barretenberg(asyncBackend, options);
     }
 
@@ -94,12 +87,7 @@ export async function createSyncBackend(
         throw new Error('Native sync backend requires napi client stub.');
       }
       logger(`Using native shared memory backend: ${bbPath}`);
-      const shm = await BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend.new(
-        bbPath,
-        options.threads,
-        options.maxClients,
-        options.logger,
-      );
+      const shm = await BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend.new(bbPath, options.threads, options.logger);
       return new BarretenbergSync(shm);
     }
 

package/src/bb_backends/node/native_shm.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { spawn, ChildProcess } from 'child_process';
 import { openSync, closeSync } from 'fs';
 import { IMsgpackBackendSync } from '../interface.js';
 import { findNapiBinary, findPackageRoot } from './platform.js';
-import readline from 'readline';
 
 // Import the NAPI module
 // The addon is built to the nodejs_module directory
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@ try {
   addon = null;
 }
 
+let instanceCounter = 0;
+
 /**
  * Synchronous shared memory backend that communicates with bb binary via shared memory.
  * Uses NAPI module to interface with shared memory IPC.
@@ -46,12 +47,10 @@ export class BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend implements IMsgpackBackendSync {
    * Create and initialize a shared memory backend.
    * @param bbBinaryPath Path to bb binary
    * @param threads Optional number of threads
-   * @param maxClients Optional maximum concurrent clients (default: 1)
    */
   static async new(
     bbBinaryPath: string,
     threads?: number,
-    maxClients?: number,
     logger?: (msg: string) => void,
   ): Promise<BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend> {
     if (!addon || !addon.MsgpackClient) {
@@ -59,14 +58,11 @@ export class BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend implements IMsgpackBackendSync {
     }
 
     // Create a unique shared memory name
-    const shmName = `bb-${process.pid}`;
-
-    // Default maxClients to 1 if not specified
-    const clientCount = maxClients ?? 1;
+    const shmName = `bb-sync-${process.pid}-${instanceCounter++}`;
 
     // If threads not set use 1 thread. We're not expected to do long lived work on sync backends.
     const hwc = threads ? threads.toString() : '1';
-    const env = { ...process.env, HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY: '1' };
+    const env = { ...process.env, HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY: hwc };
 
     // Set up file logging if logger is provided.
     // Direct file redirection bypasses Node event loop - logs are written even if process hangs.
@@ -78,17 +74,8 @@ export class BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend implements IMsgpackBackendSync {
       logger(`BB process logs redirected to: ${logPath}`);
     }
 
-    // Spawn bb process with shared memory mode
-    const args = [
-      'msgpack',
-      'run',
-      '--input',
-      `${shmName}.shm`,
-      '--max-clients',
-      clientCount.toString(),
-      '--request-ring-size',
-      `${1024 * 1024 * 2}`,
-    ];
+    // Spawn bb process with shared memory mode (SPSC-only, no max-clients needed)
+    const args = ['msgpack', 'run', '--input', `${shmName}.shm`, '--request-ring-size', `${1024 * 1024 * 4}`];
     const bbProcess = spawn(bbBinaryPath, args, {
       stdio: ['ignore', logFd ?? 'ignore', logFd ?? 'ignore'],
       env,
@@ -137,8 +124,8 @@ export class BarretenbergNativeShmSyncBackend implements IMsgpackBackendSync {
         }
 
         try {
-          // Create NAPI client with matching max_clients value
-          client = new addon.MsgpackClient(shmName, clientCount);
+          // Create NAPI client (SPSC-only, no max_clients needed)
+          client = new addon.MsgpackClient(shmName);
           break; // Success!
         } catch (err: any) {
           // Connection failed, will retry

package/src/bb_backends/node/native_shm_async.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+import { createRequire } from 'module';
+import { spawn, ChildProcess } from 'child_process';
+import { openSync, closeSync } from 'fs';
+import { IMsgpackBackendAsync } from '../interface.js';
+import { findNapiBinary, findPackageRoot } from './platform.js';
+
+// Import the NAPI module
+// The addon is built to the nodejs_module directory
+const addonPath = findNapiBinary();
+// Try loading, but don't throw if it doesn't exist (will be caught in constructor)
+let addon: any = null;
+try {
+  if (addonPath) {
+    const require = createRequire(findPackageRoot()!);
+    addon = require(addonPath);
+  }
+} catch (err) {
+  // Addon not built yet or not available
+  addon = null;
+}
+
+let instanceCounter = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Asynchronous shared memory backend that communicates with bb binary via shared memory.
+ * Uses NAPI module with background thread polling for async operations.
+ * Supports request pipelining - multiple requests can be in flight simultaneously.
+ *
+ * Architecture (matches socket backend pattern):
+ * - bb acts as the SERVER, TypeScript is the CLIENT
+ * - bb creates the shared memory region
+ * - TypeScript connects via NAPI wrapper (MsgpackClientAsync)
+ * - TypeScript manages promise queue (single-threaded, no mutex needed)
+ * - C++ background thread polls for responses, calls JavaScript callback
+ * - JavaScript callback pops queue and resolves promises in FIFO order
+ */
+export class BarretenbergNativeShmAsyncBackend implements IMsgpackBackendAsync {
+  private process: ChildProcess;
+  private client: any; // NAPI MsgpackClientAsync instance
+  private logFd?: number; // File descriptor for logs
+
+  // Queue of pending callbacks for pipelined requests
+  // Responses come back in FIFO order, so we match them with queued callbacks
+  private pendingCallbacks: Array<{
+    resolve: (data: Uint8Array) => void;
+    reject: (error: Error) => void;
+  }> = [];
+
+  private constructor(process: ChildProcess, client: any, logFd?: number) {
+    this.process = process;
+    this.client = client;
+    this.logFd = logFd;
+
+    // Register our response handler with the C++ client
+    // This callback will be invoked from the background thread via ThreadSafeFunction
+    this.client.setResponseCallback((responseBuffer: Buffer) => {
+      this.handleResponse(responseBuffer);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Handle response from C++ background thread
+   * Dequeues the next pending callback and resolves it (FIFO order)
+   */
+  private handleResponse(responseBuffer: Buffer): void {
+    // Response is complete - dequeue the next pending callback (FIFO)
+    const callback = this.pendingCallbacks.shift();
+    if (callback) {
+      callback.resolve(new Uint8Array(responseBuffer));
+    } else {
+      // This shouldn't happen - response without a pending request
+      console.warn('Received response but no pending callback');
+    }
+
+    // If no more pending callbacks, release ref to allow process to exit
+    if (this.pendingCallbacks.length === 0) {
+      this.client.release();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create and initialize an async shared memory backend.
+   * @param bbBinaryPath Path to bb binary
+   * @param threads Optional number of threads (defaults to min(32, num_cpus))
+   * @param logger Optional logger function for bb output
+   */
+  static async new(
+    bbBinaryPath: string,
+    threads?: number,
+    logger?: (msg: string) => void,
+  ): Promise<BarretenbergNativeShmAsyncBackend> {
+    if (!addon || !addon.MsgpackClientAsync) {
+      throw new Error('Shared memory async NAPI not available.');
+    }
+
+    // Create a unique shared memory name
+    const shmName = `bb-async-${process.pid}-${instanceCounter++}`;
+
+    // If threads not set use num cpu cores, max 32 (same as socket backend)
+    const hwc = threads ? threads.toString() : '1';
+    const env = { ...process.env, HARDWARE_CONCURRENCY: hwc };
+
+    // Set up file logging if logger is provided
+    // Direct file redirection bypasses Node event loop - logs are written even if process hangs
+    let logFd: number | undefined;
+    let logPath: string | undefined;
+    if (logger) {
+      logPath = `/tmp/${shmName}.log`;
+      logFd = openSync(logPath, 'w');
+      logger(`BB process logs redirected to: ${logPath}`);
+    }
+
+    // Spawn bb process with shared memory mode
+    // Use larger ring buffers for async mode to support pipelining
+    const args = [
+      'msgpack',
+      'run',
+      '--input',
+      `${shmName}.shm`,
+      '--request-ring-size',
+      `${1024 * 1024 * 4}`,
+      '--response-ring-size',
+      `${1024 * 1024 * 4}`,
+    ];
+    const bbProcess = spawn(bbBinaryPath, args, {
+      stdio: ['ignore', logFd ?? 'ignore', logFd ?? 'ignore'],
+      env,
+    });
+
+    // Disconnect from event loop so process can exit without waiting for bb
+    // The bb process has parent death monitoring (prctl on Linux, kqueue on macOS)
+    // so it will automatically exit when Node.js exits
+    bbProcess.unref();
+
+    // Track if process has exited
+    let processExited = false;
+    let exitError: Error | null = null;
+
+    bbProcess.on('error', err => {
+      processExited = true;
+      exitError = new Error(`Native backend process error: ${err.message}`);
+    });
+
+    bbProcess.on('exit', (code, signal) => {
+      processExited = true;
+      if (code !== null && code !== 0) {
+        exitError = new Error(`Native backend process exited with code ${code}`);
+      } else if (signal && signal !== 'SIGTERM') {
+        exitError = new Error(`Native backend process killed with signal ${signal}`);
+      }
+    });
+
+    // Wait for bb to create shared memory
+    // Retry connection every 100ms for up to 5 seconds (longer than sync for thread startup)
+    const retryInterval = 100; // ms
+    const timeout = 5000; // ms
+    const maxAttempts = Math.floor(timeout / retryInterval);
+    let client: any = null;
+
+    try {
+      for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++) {
+        // Check if bb process has exited before attempting connection
+        if (processExited) {
+          throw exitError || new Error('Native backend process exited unexpectedly during startup');
+        }
+
+        // Wait before attempting connection (except first attempt)
+        if (attempt > 0) {
+          await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, retryInterval));
+        }
+
+        try {
+          // Create NAPI async client
+          client = new addon.MsgpackClientAsync(shmName);
+          break; // Success!
+        } catch (err: any) {
+          // Connection failed, will retry
+          if (attempt === maxAttempts - 1) {
+            // Last attempt failed - check one more time if process exited
+            if (processExited && exitError) {
+              throw exitError;
+            }
+            throw new Error(`Failed to connect to shared memory after ${timeout}ms: ${err.message}`);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!client) {
+        throw new Error('Failed to create client connection');
+      }
+
+      return new BarretenbergNativeShmAsyncBackend(bbProcess, client, logFd);
+    } finally {
+      // If we failed to connect, ensure the process is killed and log file closed
+      if (!client) {
+        bbProcess.kill('SIGKILL');
+        if (logFd !== undefined) {
+          try {
+            closeSync(logFd);
+          } catch (e) {
+            // Ignore errors during cleanup
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Send a msgpack request asynchronously.
+   * Supports pipelining - can be called multiple times before awaiting responses.
+   * Use Promise.all() to send multiple requests concurrently.
+   *
+   * Example:
+   *   const results = await Promise.all([
+   *     backend.call(buf1),
+   *     backend.call(buf2),
+   *     backend.call(buf3)
+   *   ]);
+   *
+   * @param inputBuffer The msgpack-encoded request
+   * @returns Promise resolving to msgpack-encoded response
+   */
+  async call(inputBuffer: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      // If this is the first pending callback, acquire ref to keep event loop alive
+      if (this.pendingCallbacks.length === 0) {
+        this.client.acquire();
+      }
+
+      // Enqueue this promise's callbacks (FIFO order)
+      this.pendingCallbacks.push({ resolve, reject });
+
+      try {
+        // Send request to shared memory (synchronous write)
+        // C++ call() no longer returns a promise - we manage them here
+        this.client.call(Buffer.from(inputBuffer));
+      } catch (err: any) {
+        // Send failed - dequeue the callback we just added and reject
+        this.pendingCallbacks.pop();
+
+        // If queue is now empty, release ref to allow exit
+        if (this.pendingCallbacks.length === 0) {
+          this.client.release();
+        }
+
+        reject(new Error(`Shared memory async call failed: ${err.message}`));
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  async destroy(): Promise<void> {
+    // Kill the bb process
+    // Background thread and callbacks will be cleaned up by OS on process exit
+    this.process.kill('SIGTERM');
+    this.process.removeAllListeners();
+
+    // Close log file if open
+    if (this.logFd !== undefined) {
+      try {
+        closeSync(this.logFd);
+      } catch (e) {
+        // Ignore errors during cleanup
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

package/src/bbapi/exception_handling.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import { BarretenbergWasmSyncBackend } from '../bb_backends/wasm.js';
+import { SyncApi } from '../cbind/generated/sync.js';
+import { BBApiException } from '../bbapi_exception.js';
+
+describe('BBApi Exception Handling from bb.js', () => {
+  let backend: BarretenbergWasmSyncBackend;
+  let api: SyncApi;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    backend = await BarretenbergWasmSyncBackend.new();
+    api = new SyncApi(backend);
+  }, 60000);
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    backend.destroy();
+  });
+
+  it('should catch CRS initialization exceptions from WASM', () => {
+    // Create an SrsInitSrs command with invalid data that will cause an exception in C++
+    // We pass buffers that are too small, which will cause validation to fail
+    const invalidCommand = {
+      numPoints: 100, // Request 100 points (requires 6400 bytes)
+      pointsBuf: new Uint8Array(10), // Only 10 bytes - will cause exception
+      g2Point: new Uint8Array(10), // Only 10 bytes (needs 128) - will cause exception
+    };
+
+    // In WASM builds, throw_or_abort calls abort directly which throws a generic Error
+    // In native builds with exceptions, our try-catch in bbapi converts it to ErrorResponse
+    // This test verifies that errors are catchable from bb.js (even if as generic Error in WASM)
+    expect(() => {
+      api.srsInitSrs(invalidCommand);
+    }).toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it('should return error message from caught exception', () => {
+    const invalidCommand = {
+      numPoints: 100,
+      pointsBuf: new Uint8Array(10),
+      g2Point: new Uint8Array(10),
+    };
+
+    try {
+      api.srsInitSrs(invalidCommand);
+      fail('Expected exception to be thrown');
+    } catch (error) {
+      // Error is catchable and contains a useful message
+      expect(error).toBeInstanceOf(Error);
+      expect((error as Error).message).toBeTruthy();
+      expect((error as Error).message.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+      expect((error as Error).message).toContain('g1_identity');
+      console.log('Successfully caught exception from bb.js with message:', (error as Error).message);
+    }
+  });
+});

package/src/bin/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env node
+import { findBbBinary } from '../bb_backends/node/platform.js';
+import { spawnSync } from 'node:child_process';
+
+const bin = findBbBinary();
+
+if (!bin) {
+  console.error('Could not find bb binary. Please ensure it is built and accessible.');
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+
+const result = spawnSync(bin, process.argv.slice(2), { stdio: 'inherit' });
+
+process.exit(result.status ?? 1);