@aztec/bb.js 0.0.1-commit.5daedc8 → 0.0.1-commit.6230a0c

package/dest/node-cjs/crs/net_crs.js

@@ -1,7 +1,28 @@
 "use strict";
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
 exports.NetGrumpkinCrs = exports.NetCrs = void 0;
+exports.fetchWithFallback = fetchWithFallback;
 const index_js_1 = require("../retry/index.js");
+// Primary CRS host (Cloudflare R2)
+const CRS_PRIMARY_HOST = 'https://crs.aztec-cdn.foundation';
+// Fallback CRS host (AWS S3)
+const CRS_FALLBACK_HOST = 'https://crs.aztec-labs.com';
+/**
+ * Fetches data from primary URL, falling back to secondary on failure
+ * @internal Exported for testing
+ */
+async function fetchWithFallback(primaryUrl, fallbackUrl, options) {
+    try {
+        const response = await fetch(primaryUrl, options);
+        if (response.ok || response.status === 206) {
+            return response;
+        }
+        throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
+    }
+    catch {
+        return await fetch(fallbackUrl, options);
+    }
+}
 /**
  * Downloader for CRS from the web or local.
  */
@@ -71,20 +92,22 @@ class NetCrs {
             return new Response(new Uint8Array([]));
         }
         const g1End = this.numPoints * 64 - 1;
-        return await (0, index_js_1.retry)(() => fetch('https://crs.aztec.network/g1.dat', {
+        const options = {
             headers: {
                 Range: `bytes=0-${g1End}`,
             },
             cache: 'force-cache',
-        }), (0, index_js_1.makeBackoff)([5, 5, 5]));
+        };
+        return await (0, index_js_1.retry)(() => fetchWithFallback(`${CRS_PRIMARY_HOST}/g1.dat`, `${CRS_FALLBACK_HOST}/g1.dat`, options), (0, index_js_1.makeBackoff)([5, 5, 5]));
     }
     /**
      * Fetches the appropriate range of points from a remote source
      */
     async fetchG2Data() {
-        return await (0, index_js_1.retry)(() => fetch('https://crs.aztec.network/g2.dat', {
+        const options = {
             cache: 'force-cache',
-        }), (0, index_js_1.makeBackoff)([5, 5, 5]));
+        };
+        return await (0, index_js_1.retry)(() => fetchWithFallback(`${CRS_PRIMARY_HOST}/g2.dat`, `${CRS_FALLBACK_HOST}/g2.dat`, options), (0, index_js_1.makeBackoff)([5, 5, 5]));
     }
 }
 exports.NetCrs = NetCrs;
@@ -134,13 +157,14 @@ class NetGrumpkinCrs {
             return new Response(new Uint8Array([]));
         }
         const g1End = this.numPoints * 64 - 1;
-        return await fetch('https://crs.aztec.network/grumpkin_g1.dat', {
+        const options = {
             headers: {
                 Range: `bytes=0-${g1End}`,
             },
             cache: 'force-cache',
-        });
+        };
+        return await fetchWithFallback(`${CRS_PRIMARY_HOST}/grumpkin_g1.dat`, `${CRS_FALLBACK_HOST}/grumpkin_g1.dat`, options);
     }
 }
 exports.NetGrumpkinCrs = NetGrumpkinCrs;
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package/dest/node-cjs/crs/net_crs.test.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export {};
+//# sourceMappingURL=data:application/json;base64,eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjozLCJmaWxlIjoibmV0X2Nycy50ZXN0LmQudHMiLCJzb3VyY2VSb290IjoiIiwic291cmNlcyI6WyIuLi8uLi8uLi9zcmMvY3JzL25ldF9jcnMudGVzdC50cyJdLCJuYW1lcyI6W10sIm1hcHBpbmdzIjoiIn0=

package/dest/node-cjs/crs/net_crs.test.d.ts.map

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"version":3,"file":"net_crs.test.d.ts","sourceRoot":"","sources":["../../../src/crs/net_crs.test.ts"],"names":[],"mappings":""}

package/dest/node-cjs/crs/net_crs.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"use strict";
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
+const net_crs_js_1 = require("./net_crs.js");
+// Expected first G1 point from BN254 CRS (generator point with x=1, y=2 in big-endian)
+const BN254_G1_FIRST_ELEMENT = new Uint8Array([
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2,
+]);
+describe('NetCrs', () => {
+    it('should download CRS data from primary host', async () => {
+        const crs = new net_crs_js_1.NetCrs(1);
+        await crs.init();
+        const g1Data = crs.getG1Data();
+        expect(g1Data.length).toBe(64); // 1 point * 64 bytes
+        // Verify first point matches expected generator
+        expect(g1Data).toEqual(BN254_G1_FIRST_ELEMENT);
+    }, 30000);
+    it('should download G2 data', async () => {
+        const crs = new net_crs_js_1.NetCrs(1);
+        await crs.init();
+        const g2Data = crs.getG2Data();
+        expect(g2Data.length).toBe(128); // G2 point is 128 bytes
+    }, 30000);
+});
+describe('fetchWithFallback', () => {
+    it('should fallback to secondary URL when primary fails', async () => {
+        const badPrimaryUrl = 'https://nonexistent.invalid/g1.dat';
+        const goodFallbackUrl = 'https://crs.aztec-labs.com/g1.dat';
+        const options = {
+            headers: {
+                Range: 'bytes=0-63',
+            },
+        };
+        const response = await (0, net_crs_js_1.fetchWithFallback)(badPrimaryUrl, goodFallbackUrl, options);
+        expect(response.ok || response.status === 206).toBe(true);
+        const data = new Uint8Array(await response.arrayBuffer());
+        expect(data.length).toBe(64);
+        expect(data).toEqual(BN254_G1_FIRST_ELEMENT);
+    }, 30000);
+});
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package/dest/node-cjs/index.d.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 export { Crs, GrumpkinCrs } from './crs/index.js';
-export { type BackendOptions, BackendType, Barretenberg, BarretenbergSync, UltraHonkVerifierBackend, UltraHonkBackend, AztecClientBackend, } from './barretenberg/index.js';
+export { type BackendOptions, BackendType, Barretenberg, BarretenbergSync, UltraHonkVerifierBackend, UltraHonkBackend, AztecClientBackend, fieldToString, fieldsToStrings, type UltraHonkBackendOptions, type VerifierTarget, } from './barretenberg/index.js';
 export { randomBytes } from './random/index.js';
 export { splitHonkProof, reconstructHonkProof, deflattenFields, type ProofData } from './proof/index.js';
 export { BBApiException } from './bbapi_exception.js';
 export type { Bn254G1Point, Bn254G2Point, GrumpkinPoint, Secp256k1Point, Secp256r1Point, Field2, } from './cbind/generated/api_types.js';
 export { BN254_FQ_MODULUS, BN254_FR_MODULUS, BN254_G1_GENERATOR, BN254_G2_GENERATOR, GRUMPKIN_FR_MODULUS, GRUMPKIN_FQ_MODULUS, GRUMPKIN_G1_GENERATOR, SECP256K1_FR_MODULUS, SECP256K1_FQ_MODULUS, SECP256K1_G1_GENERATOR, SECP256R1_FR_MODULUS, SECP256R1_FQ_MODULUS, SECP256R1_G1_GENERATOR, } from './cbind/generated/curve_constants.js';
 export { findNapiBinary } from './bb_backends/node/platform.js';
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package/dest/node-cjs/index.d.ts.map

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package/dest/node-cjs/index.js

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 "use strict";
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", { value: true });
-exports.findNapiBinary = exports.SECP256R1_G1_GENERATOR = exports.SECP256R1_FQ_MODULUS = exports.SECP256R1_FR_MODULUS = exports.SECP256K1_G1_GENERATOR = exports.SECP256K1_FQ_MODULUS = exports.SECP256K1_FR_MODULUS = exports.GRUMPKIN_G1_GENERATOR = exports.GRUMPKIN_FQ_MODULUS = exports.GRUMPKIN_FR_MODULUS = exports.BN254_G2_GENERATOR = exports.BN254_G1_GENERATOR = exports.BN254_FR_MODULUS = exports.BN254_FQ_MODULUS = exports.BBApiException = exports.deflattenFields = exports.reconstructHonkProof = exports.splitHonkProof = exports.randomBytes = exports.AztecClientBackend = exports.UltraHonkBackend = exports.UltraHonkVerifierBackend = exports.BarretenbergSync = exports.Barretenberg = exports.BackendType = exports.GrumpkinCrs = exports.Crs = void 0;
+exports.findNapiBinary = exports.SECP256R1_G1_GENERATOR = exports.SECP256R1_FQ_MODULUS = exports.SECP256R1_FR_MODULUS = exports.SECP256K1_G1_GENERATOR = exports.SECP256K1_FQ_MODULUS = exports.SECP256K1_FR_MODULUS = exports.GRUMPKIN_G1_GENERATOR = exports.GRUMPKIN_FQ_MODULUS = exports.GRUMPKIN_FR_MODULUS = exports.BN254_G2_GENERATOR = exports.BN254_G1_GENERATOR = exports.BN254_FR_MODULUS = exports.BN254_FQ_MODULUS = exports.BBApiException = exports.deflattenFields = exports.reconstructHonkProof = exports.splitHonkProof = exports.randomBytes = exports.fieldsToStrings = exports.fieldToString = exports.AztecClientBackend = exports.UltraHonkBackend = exports.UltraHonkVerifierBackend = exports.BarretenbergSync = exports.Barretenberg = exports.BackendType = exports.GrumpkinCrs = exports.Crs = void 0;
 const index_js_1 = require("./crs/index.js");
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "Crs", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_1.Crs; } });
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "GrumpkinCrs", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_1.GrumpkinCrs; } });
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ Object.defineProperty(exports, "BarretenbergSync", { enumerable: true, get: func
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "UltraHonkVerifierBackend", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_2.UltraHonkVerifierBackend; } });
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "UltraHonkBackend", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_2.UltraHonkBackend; } });
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "AztecClientBackend", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_2.AztecClientBackend; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "fieldToString", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_2.fieldToString; } });
+Object.defineProperty(exports, "fieldsToStrings", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_2.fieldsToStrings; } });
 const index_js_3 = require("./random/index.js");
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "randomBytes", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return index_js_3.randomBytes; } });
 const index_js_4 = require("./proof/index.js");
@@ -36,4 +38,4 @@ Object.defineProperty(exports, "SECP256R1_FQ_MODULUS", { enumerable: true, get:
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "SECP256R1_G1_GENERATOR", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return curve_constants_js_1.SECP256R1_G1_GENERATOR; } });
 const platform_js_1 = require("./bb_backends/node/platform.js");
 Object.defineProperty(exports, "findNapiBinary", { enumerable: true, get: function () { return platform_js_1.findNapiBinary; } });
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package/package.json

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "@aztec/bb.js",
   "packageManager": "yarn@4.5.2",
-  "version": "0.0.1-commit.5daedc8",
+  "version": "0.0.1-commit.6230a0c",
   "homepage": "https://github.com/AztecProtocol/aztec-packages/tree/master/barretenberg/ts",
   "license": "MIT",
   "type": "module",

package/src/barretenberg/backend.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+import { fieldToString, fieldsToStrings } from './backend.js';
+
+describe('field helper functions', () => {
+  describe('fieldToString', () => {
+    it('converts zero field to "0"', () => {
+      const zeroField = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      expect(fieldToString(zeroField)).toBe('0');
+    });
+
+    it('converts field with value 1 to "1"', () => {
+      const oneField = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      oneField[31] = 1;
+      expect(fieldToString(oneField)).toBe('1');
+    });
+
+    it('converts field with value 256 to "256"', () => {
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[30] = 1;
+      field[31] = 0;
+      expect(fieldToString(field)).toBe('256');
+    });
+
+    it('converts field with max uint8 in last byte to "255"', () => {
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[31] = 255;
+      expect(fieldToString(field)).toBe('255');
+    });
+
+    it('converts larger values correctly', () => {
+      // 0x0100 = 256 in decimal
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[30] = 0x01;
+      field[31] = 0x00;
+      expect(fieldToString(field)).toBe('256');
+    });
+
+    it('handles multi-byte values', () => {
+      // 0x010203 = 66051 in decimal
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[29] = 0x01;
+      field[30] = 0x02;
+      field[31] = 0x03;
+      expect(fieldToString(field)).toBe('66051');
+    });
+
+    it('handles large field values', () => {
+      // A known value: all bytes set to 1
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(1);
+      const result = fieldToString(field);
+      // Verify it's a valid decimal string
+      expect(result).toMatch(/^\d+$/);
+      // Verify the length is reasonable for a 256-bit number
+      expect(result.length).toBeGreaterThan(70);
+    });
+
+    it('converts to hex with radix 16', () => {
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[31] = 255;
+      expect(fieldToString(field, 16)).toBe('ff');
+    });
+
+    it('converts to hex for multi-byte values', () => {
+      // 0x010203
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[29] = 0x01;
+      field[30] = 0x02;
+      field[31] = 0x03;
+      expect(fieldToString(field, 16)).toBe('10203');
+    });
+
+    it('converts to binary with radix 2', () => {
+      const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field[31] = 5;
+      expect(fieldToString(field, 2)).toBe('101');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('fieldsToStrings', () => {
+    it('converts empty array to empty array', () => {
+      expect(fieldsToStrings([])).toEqual([]);
+    });
+
+    it('converts single field', () => {
+      const oneField = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      oneField[31] = 42;
+      expect(fieldsToStrings([oneField])).toEqual(['42']);
+    });
+
+    it('converts multiple fields', () => {
+      const field1 = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field1[31] = 1;
+
+      const field2 = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field2[31] = 2;
+
+      const field3 = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+      field3[31] = 3;
+
+      expect(fieldsToStrings([field1, field2, field3])).toEqual(['1', '2', '3']);
+    });
+
+    it('preserves order of fields', () => {
+      const fields = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].map(v => {
+        const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+        field[31] = v;
+        return field;
+      });
+
+      expect(fieldsToStrings(fields)).toEqual(['10', '20', '30', '40', '50']);
+    });
+
+    it('converts to hex with radix 16', () => {
+      const fields = [15, 16, 255].map(v => {
+        const field = new Uint8Array(32).fill(0);
+        field[31] = v;
+        return field;
+      });
+
+      expect(fieldsToStrings(fields, 16)).toEqual(['f', '10', 'ff']);
+    });
+  });
+});

package/src/barretenberg/backend.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { Barretenberg } from './index.js';
 import { ProofData, uint8ArrayToHex, hexToUint8Array } from '../proof/index.js';
-import { fromChonkProof, toChonkProof } from '../cbind/generated/api_types.js';
+import { fromChonkProof, toChonkProof, ChonkProof } from '../cbind/generated/api_types.js';
 import { ungzip } from 'pako';
 import { Decoder, Encoder } from 'msgpackr';
 
@@ -10,29 +10,46 @@ export class AztecClientBackendError extends Error {
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Target verification environment for proof generation.
+ * This determines the hash function used and whether zero-knowledge is enabled.
+ */
+export type VerifierTarget =
+  | 'evm' // Ethereum/Solidity verification (keccak, ZK enabled)
+  | 'evm-no-zk' // Ethereum/Solidity without zero-knowledge
+  | 'noir-recursive' // Recursive verification in Noir circuits (poseidon2, ZK enabled)
+  | 'noir-recursive-no-zk' // Recursive verification without ZK
+  | 'noir-rollup' // Rollup circuits with IPA accumulation (poseidon2, ZK enabled)
+  | 'noir-rollup-no-zk' // Rollup circuits without ZK
+  | 'starknet' // Starknet verification via Garaga (ZK enabled)
+  | 'starknet-no-zk'; // Starknet without zero-knowledge
+
 /**
  * Options for the UltraHonkBackend.
  */
 export type UltraHonkBackendOptions = {
-  /** Selecting this option will use the keccak hash function instead of poseidon
-   * when generating challenges in the proof.
-   * Use this when you want to verify the created proof on an EVM chain.
+  /**
+   * Target verification environment. Determines hash function and ZK settings.
+   * This is the recommended way to configure proof generation.
+   *
+   * @example
+   * // For EVM/Solidity verification
+   * backend.generateProof(witness, { verifierTarget: 'evm' });
+   *
+   * // For recursive verification in Noir
+   * backend.generateProof(witness, { verifierTarget: 'noir-recursive' });
    */
+  verifierTarget?: VerifierTarget;
+
+  // Legacy options - prefer using verifierTarget instead
+
+  /** @deprecated Use verifierTarget: 'evm-no-zk' instead */
   keccak?: boolean;
-  /** Selecting this option will use the keccak hash function instead of poseidon
-   * when generating challenges in the proof.
-   * Use this when you want to verify the created proof on an EVM chain.
-   */
+  /** @deprecated Use verifierTarget: 'evm' instead */
   keccakZK?: boolean;
-  /** Selecting this option will use the poseidon/stark252 hash function instead of poseidon
-   * when generating challenges in the proof.
-   * Use this when you want to verify the created proof on an Starknet chain with Garaga.
-   */
+  /** @deprecated Use verifierTarget: 'starknet-no-zk' instead */
   starknet?: boolean;
-  /** Selecting this option will use the poseidon/stark252 hash function instead of poseidon
-   * when generating challenges in the proof.
-   * Use this when you want to verify the created proof on an Starknet chain with Garaga.
-   */
+  /** @deprecated Use verifierTarget: 'starknet' instead */
   starknetZK?: boolean;
 };
 
@@ -42,6 +59,67 @@ function getProofSettingsFromOptions(options?: UltraHonkBackendOptions): {
   disableZk: boolean;
   optimizedSolidityVerifier: boolean;
 } {
+  // Check for conflicting options - verifierTarget should not be combined with legacy options
+  if (options?.verifierTarget) {
+    const legacyOptions = [options.keccak, options.keccakZK, options.starknet, options.starknetZK].filter(Boolean);
+    if (legacyOptions.length > 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        'Cannot use verifierTarget with legacy options (keccak, keccakZK, starknet, starknetZK). ' +
+          'Use verifierTarget alone.',
+      );
+    }
+
+    switch (options.verifierTarget) {
+      case 'evm':
+        return { ipaAccumulation: false, oracleHashType: 'keccak', disableZk: false, optimizedSolidityVerifier: false };
+      case 'evm-no-zk':
+        return { ipaAccumulation: false, oracleHashType: 'keccak', disableZk: true, optimizedSolidityVerifier: false };
+      case 'noir-recursive':
+        return {
+          ipaAccumulation: false,
+          oracleHashType: 'poseidon2',
+          disableZk: false,
+          optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
+        };
+      case 'noir-recursive-no-zk':
+        return {
+          ipaAccumulation: false,
+          oracleHashType: 'poseidon2',
+          disableZk: true,
+          optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
+        };
+      case 'noir-rollup':
+        return {
+          ipaAccumulation: true,
+          oracleHashType: 'poseidon2',
+          disableZk: false,
+          optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
+        };
+      case 'noir-rollup-no-zk':
+        return {
+          ipaAccumulation: true,
+          oracleHashType: 'poseidon2',
+          disableZk: true,
+          optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
+        };
+      case 'starknet':
+        return {
+          ipaAccumulation: false,
+          oracleHashType: 'starknet',
+          disableZk: false,
+          optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
+        };
+      case 'starknet-no-zk':
+        return {
+          ipaAccumulation: false,
+          oracleHashType: 'starknet',
+          disableZk: true,
+          optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
+        };
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Legacy options support (deprecated)
   return {
     ipaAccumulation: false,
     oracleHashType:
@@ -50,7 +128,6 @@ function getProofSettingsFromOptions(options?: UltraHonkBackendOptions): {
         : options?.starknet || options?.starknetZK
           ? 'starknet'
           : 'poseidon2',
-    // TODO no current way to target non-zk poseidon2 hash
     disableZk: options?.keccak || options?.starknet ? true : false,
     optimizedSolidityVerifier: false,
   };
@@ -162,6 +239,7 @@ export class UltraHonkBackend {
     _proof: Uint8Array,
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
     _numOfPublicInputs: number,
+    options?: UltraHonkBackendOptions,
   ): Promise<{ proofAsFields: string[]; vkAsFields: string[]; vkHash: string }> {
     // TODO(https://github.com/noir-lang/noir/issues/5661): This needs to be updated to handle recursive aggregation.
     // There is still a proofAsFields method but we could consider getting rid of it as the proof itself
@@ -171,14 +249,12 @@ export class UltraHonkBackend {
     // const proof = reconstructProofWithPublicInputs(proofData);
     // const proofAsFields = (await this.api.acirProofAsFieldsUltraHonk(proof)).slice(numOfPublicInputs);
 
-    // TODO: perhaps we should put this in the init function. Need to benchmark
-    // TODO how long it takes.
     const vkResult = await this.api.circuitComputeVk({
       circuit: {
         name: 'circuit',
         bytecode: this.acirUncompressedBytecode,
       },
-      settings: getProofSettingsFromOptions({}),
+      settings: getProofSettingsFromOptions(options),
     });
 
     // Convert VK bytes to field elements (32-byte chunks)
@@ -250,7 +326,7 @@ export class AztecClientBackend {
     // The API currently expects a msgpack-encoded API.
     const proof = new Encoder({ useRecords: false }).encode(fromChonkProof(proveResult.proof));
     // Generate the VK
-    const vkResult = await this.api.chonkComputeIvcVk({
+    const vkResult = await this.api.chonkComputeVk({
       circuit: {
         name: 'hiding',
         bytecode: this.acirBuf[this.acirBuf.length - 1],
@@ -260,13 +336,13 @@ export class AztecClientBackend {
     const proofFields = [
       proveResult.proof.megaProof,
       proveResult.proof.goblinProof.mergeProof,
-      proveResult.proof.goblinProof.eccvmProof.preIpaProof,
-      proveResult.proof.goblinProof.eccvmProof.ipaProof,
+      proveResult.proof.goblinProof.eccvmProof,
+      proveResult.proof.goblinProof.ipaProof,
       proveResult.proof.goblinProof.translatorProof,
     ].flat();
 
-    // Note: Verification may not work correctly until we properly serialize the proof
-    if (!(await this.verify(proof, vkResult.bytes))) {
+    // Verify using native proof directly to avoid redundant encode/decode cycle
+    if (!(await this.verifyNative(proveResult.proof, vkResult.bytes))) {
       throw new AztecClientBackendError('Failed to verify the private (Chonk) transaction proof!');
     }
     return [proofFields, proof, vkResult.bytes];
@@ -280,6 +356,18 @@ export class AztecClientBackend {
     return result.valid;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Internal verification using native ChonkProof type.
+   * Avoids encode/decode cycle when called from prove().
+   */
+  private async verifyNative(proof: ChonkProof, vk: Uint8Array): Promise<boolean> {
+    const result = await this.api.chonkVerify({
+      proof,
+      vk,
+    });
+    return result.valid;
+  }
+
   async gates(): Promise<number[]> {
     const circuitSizes: number[] = [];
     for (const buf of this.acirBuf) {
@@ -310,3 +398,41 @@ function base64Decode(input: string): Uint8Array {
     throw new Error('atob is not available. Node.js 18+ or browser required.');
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * Convert a field element (32-byte Uint8Array) to a string.
+ *
+ * @param field - A 32-byte field element
+ * @param radix - The radix for string conversion (2-36), defaults to 10 (decimal)
+ * @returns The field value as a string in the specified radix
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const decimal = fieldToString(field);        // "12345678"
+ * const hex = fieldToString(field, 16);        // "bc614e"
+ */
+export function fieldToString(field: Uint8Array, radix: number = 10): string {
+  let result = 0n;
+  for (const byte of field) {
+    result <<= 8n;
+    result += BigInt(byte);
+  }
+  return result.toString(radix);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convert an array of field elements to an array of strings.
+ * Useful for passing VK fields to Noir circuits.
+ *
+ * @param fields - Array of 32-byte field elements
+ * @param radix - The radix for string conversion (2-36), defaults to 10 (decimal)
+ * @returns Array of strings in the specified radix
+ *
+ * @example
+ * const vkAsFields = await barretenbergAPI.vkAsFields({ verificationKey: vk });
+ * const vkDecimalStrings = fieldsToStrings(vkAsFields.fields);      // ["12345678", "87654321", ...]
+ * const vkHexStrings = fieldsToStrings(vkAsFields.fields, 16);      // ["bc614e", "5397fb1", ...]
+ */
+export function fieldsToStrings(fields: Uint8Array[], radix: number = 10): string[] {
+  return fields.map(field => fieldToString(field, radix));
+}
+

package/src/barretenberg/index.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,15 @@ import { IMsgpackBackendSync, IMsgpackBackendAsync } from '../bb_backends/interf
 import { BackendOptions, BackendType } from '../bb_backends/index.js';
 import { createAsyncBackend, createSyncBackend } from '../bb_backends/node/index.js';
 
-export { UltraHonkBackend, UltraHonkVerifierBackend, AztecClientBackend } from './backend.js';
+export {
+  UltraHonkBackend,
+  UltraHonkVerifierBackend,
+  AztecClientBackend,
+  fieldToString,
+  fieldsToStrings,
+  type UltraHonkBackendOptions,
+  type VerifierTarget,
+} from './backend.js';
 export * from '../bb_backends/index.js';
 
 export type CircuitOptions = {

package/src/barretenberg_wasm/barretenberg_wasm_main/index.ts

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ export class BarretenbergWasmMain extends BarretenbergWasmBase {
     module: WebAssembly.Module,
     threads = Math.min(getNumCpu(), BarretenbergWasmMain.MAX_THREADS),
     logger?: (msg: string) => void,
-    initial = 33,
+    initial = 35,
     maximum = this.getDefaultMaximumMemoryPages(),
   ) {
     // Track whether a custom logger was provided so workers know whether to postMessage logs

package/src/bb_backends/index.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ export type BackendOptions = {
   /** @description Custom path to bb binary for native backend (overrides automatic detection) */
   bbPath?: string;
 
+  /** @description Custom path to bb NAPI module for native backend (overrides automatic detection) */
+  napiPath?: string;
+
   /**
    * @description Logging function
    * Warning: Attaching a logger can prevent nodejs from exiting without explicitly destroying the backend.