@aztec/bb-prover 0.0.0-test.0 → 0.0.1-commit.0208eb9

package/src/honk.ts

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import type { ServerProtocolArtifact } from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/server';
 
-export type UltraHonkFlavor = 'ultra_honk' | 'ultra_keccak_honk' | 'ultra_rollup_honk';
+export type UltraHonkFlavor = 'ultra_honk' | 'ultra_keccak_honk' | 'ultra_starknet_honk' | 'ultra_rollup_honk';
 
 const UltraKeccakHonkCircuits = ['RootRollupArtifact'] as const satisfies ServerProtocolArtifact[];
-const UltraHonkCircuits = ['BaseParityArtifact', 'RootParityArtifact'] as const satisfies ServerProtocolArtifact[];
+const UltraHonkCircuits = ['ParityBaseArtifact', 'ParityRootArtifact'] as const satisfies ServerProtocolArtifact[];
 
 export type UltraKeccakHonkServerProtocolArtifact = (typeof UltraKeccakHonkCircuits)[number];
 export type UltraHonkServerProtocolArtifact = (typeof UltraHonkCircuits)[number];
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export function getUltraHonkFlavorForCircuit(artifact: UltraHonkServerProtocolAr
 export function getUltraHonkFlavorForCircuit(artifact: UltraRollupHonkServerProtocolArtifact): 'ultra_rollup_honk';
 export function getUltraHonkFlavorForCircuit(artifact: ServerProtocolArtifact): UltraHonkFlavor;
 export function getUltraHonkFlavorForCircuit(artifact: ServerProtocolArtifact): UltraHonkFlavor {
+  // STARKNET: how to allow for the distinction between keccak/starknet? ultra_keccak_honk is returned in both cases
   if (isUltraKeccakHonkCircuit(artifact)) {
     return 'ultra_keccak_honk';
   } else if (UltraHonkCircuits.includes(artifact as UltraHonkServerProtocolArtifact)) {

package/src/index.ts

@@ -4,5 +4,6 @@ export * from './verifier/index.js';
 export * from './config.js';
 export * from './bb/execute.js';
 export * from './honk.js';
+export * from './verification_key/verification_key_data.js';
 
 export { type ClientProtocolCircuitVerifier } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/server';

package/src/instrumentation.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import {
   Metrics,
   type TelemetryClient,
   type Tracer,
-  ValueType,
 } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
 
 /**
@@ -31,51 +30,21 @@ export class ProverInstrumentation {
     this.tracer = telemetry.getTracer(name);
     const meter = telemetry.getMeter(name);
 
-    this.simulationDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.CIRCUIT_SIMULATION_DURATION, {
-      description: 'Records how long it takes to simulate a circuit',
-      unit: 'ms',
-      valueType: ValueType.INT,
-    });
+    this.simulationDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.CIRCUIT_SIMULATION_DURATION);
 
-    this.witGenDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.CIRCUIT_WITNESS_GEN_DURATION, {
-      description: 'Records how long it takes to generate the partial witness for a circuit',
-      unit: 's',
-      valueType: ValueType.DOUBLE,
-    });
+    this.witGenDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.CIRCUIT_WITNESS_GEN_DURATION);
 
-    this.provingDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.CIRCUIT_PROVING_DURATION, {
-      unit: 's',
-      description: 'Records how long it takes to prove a circuit',
-      valueType: ValueType.DOUBLE,
-    });
+    this.provingDuration = meter.createHistogram(Metrics.CIRCUIT_PROVING_DURATION);
 
-    this.witGenInputSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_WITNESS_GEN_INPUT_SIZE, {
-      unit: 'By',
-      description: 'Records the size of the input to the witness generation',
-      valueType: ValueType.INT,
-    });
+    this.witGenInputSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_WITNESS_GEN_INPUT_SIZE);
 
-    this.witGenOutputSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_WITNESS_GEN_OUTPUT_SIZE, {
-      unit: 'By',
-      description: 'Records the size of the output of the witness generation',
-      valueType: ValueType.INT,
-    });
+    this.witGenOutputSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_WITNESS_GEN_OUTPUT_SIZE);
 
-    this.proofSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_PROVING_PROOF_SIZE, {
-      unit: 'By',
-      description: 'Records the size of the proof generated for a circuit',
-      valueType: ValueType.INT,
-    });
+    this.proofSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_PROVING_PROOF_SIZE);
 
-    this.circuitPublicInputCount = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_PUBLIC_INPUTS_COUNT, {
-      description: 'Records the number of public inputs in a circuit',
-      valueType: ValueType.INT,
-    });
+    this.circuitPublicInputCount = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_PUBLIC_INPUTS_COUNT);
 
-    this.circuitSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_SIZE, {
-      description: 'Records the size of the circuit in gates',
-      valueType: ValueType.INT,
-    });
+    this.circuitSize = meter.createGauge(Metrics.CIRCUIT_SIZE);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -86,13 +55,12 @@ export class ProverInstrumentation {
    */
   recordDuration(
     metric: 'simulationDuration' | 'witGenDuration' | 'provingDuration',
-    circuitName: CircuitName | 'tubeCircuit',
+    circuitName: CircuitName,
     timerOrMS: Timer | number,
   ) {
     const s = typeof timerOrMS === 'number' ? timerOrMS / 1000 : timerOrMS.s();
     this[metric].record(s, {
       [Attributes.PROTOCOL_CIRCUIT_NAME]: circuitName,
-      [Attributes.PROTOCOL_CIRCUIT_TYPE]: 'server',
     });
   }
 
@@ -117,12 +85,11 @@ export class ProverInstrumentation {
    */
   recordSize(
     metric: 'witGenInputSize' | 'witGenOutputSize' | 'proofSize' | 'circuitSize' | 'circuitPublicInputCount',
-    circuitName: CircuitName | 'tubeCircuit',
+    circuitName: CircuitName,
     size: number,
   ) {
     this[metric].record(Math.ceil(size), {
       [Attributes.PROTOCOL_CIRCUIT_NAME]: circuitName,
-      [Attributes.PROTOCOL_CIRCUIT_TYPE]: 'server',
     });
   }
 

package/src/prover/{bb_private_kernel_prover.ts → client/bb_private_kernel_prover.ts}

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
-import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { AztecClientBackend, type BackendOptions, Barretenberg } from '@aztec/bb.js';
+import { type LogLevel, type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { Timer } from '@aztec/foundation/timer';
+import { serializeWitness } from '@aztec/noir-noirc_abi';
 import {
+  convertHidingKernelPublicInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
+  convertHidingKernelToRollupInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
   convertPrivateKernelInitInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
   convertPrivateKernelInitOutputsFromWitnessMapWithAbi,
   convertPrivateKernelInnerInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
@@ -11,13 +15,22 @@ import {
   convertPrivateKernelTailInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
   convertPrivateKernelTailOutputsFromWitnessMapWithAbi,
   convertPrivateKernelTailToPublicInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
+  foreignCallHandler,
   getPrivateKernelResetArtifactName,
   updateResetCircuitSampleInputs,
 } from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/client';
-import type { ArtifactProvider, ClientProtocolArtifact } from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/types';
-import type { SimulationProvider } from '@aztec/simulator/client';
+import {
+  type ArtifactProvider,
+  type ClientProtocolArtifact,
+  mapProtocolArtifactNameToCircuitName,
+} from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/types';
+import type { Abi, WitnessMap } from '@aztec/noir-types';
+import type { CircuitSimulator } from '@aztec/simulator/client';
 import type { PrivateKernelProver } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/client';
 import type {
+  HidingKernelToPublicPrivateInputs,
+  HidingKernelToRollupPrivateInputs,
+  PrivateExecutionStep,
   PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs,
   PrivateKernelInitCircuitPrivateInputs,
   PrivateKernelInnerCircuitPrivateInputs,
@@ -26,20 +39,23 @@ import type {
   PrivateKernelTailCircuitPrivateInputs,
   PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs,
 } from '@aztec/stdlib/kernel';
-import type { NoirCompiledCircuit } from '@aztec/stdlib/noir';
-import type { ClientIvcProof } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
+import type { NoirCompiledCircuitWithName } from '@aztec/stdlib/noir';
+import { ChonkProofWithPublicInputs } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
 import type { CircuitSimulationStats, CircuitWitnessGenerationStats } from '@aztec/stdlib/stats';
 
-import type { Abi, WitnessMap } from '@noir-lang/types';
-
-import { mapProtocolArtifactNameToCircuitName } from '../stats.js';
+import { ungzip } from 'pako';
 
+export type BBPrivateKernelProverOptions = Omit<BackendOptions, 'logger'> & { logger?: Logger };
 export abstract class BBPrivateKernelProver implements PrivateKernelProver {
+  private log: Logger;
+
   constructor(
     protected artifactProvider: ArtifactProvider,
-    protected simulationProvider: SimulationProvider,
-    protected log = createLogger('bb-prover'),
-  ) {}
+    protected simulator: CircuitSimulator,
+    protected options: BBPrivateKernelProverOptions = {},
+  ) {
+    this.log = options.logger || createLogger('bb-prover:private-kernel');
+  }
 
   public async generateInitOutput(
     inputs: PrivateKernelInitCircuitPrivateInputs,
@@ -150,6 +166,28 @@ export abstract class BBPrivateKernelProver implements PrivateKernelProver {
     );
   }
 
+  public async generateHidingToRollupOutput(
+    inputs: HidingKernelToRollupPrivateInputs,
+  ): Promise<PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs>> {
+    return await this.generateCircuitOutput(
+      inputs,
+      'HidingKernelToRollup',
+      convertHidingKernelToRollupInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
+      convertPrivateKernelTailOutputsFromWitnessMapWithAbi,
+    );
+  }
+
+  public async generateHidingToPublicOutput(
+    inputs: HidingKernelToPublicPrivateInputs,
+  ): Promise<PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs>> {
+    return await this.generateCircuitOutput(
+      inputs,
+      'HidingKernelToPublic',
+      convertHidingKernelPublicInputsToWitnessMapWithAbi,
+      convertPrivateKernelTailForPublicOutputsFromWitnessMapWithAbi,
+    );
+  }
+
   public async simulateCircuitOutput<
     I extends { toBuffer: () => Buffer },
     O extends PrivateKernelCircuitPublicInputs | PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs,
@@ -159,15 +197,13 @@ export abstract class BBPrivateKernelProver implements PrivateKernelProver {
     convertInputs: (inputs: I, abi: Abi) => WitnessMap,
     convertOutputs: (outputs: WitnessMap, abi: Abi) => O,
   ): Promise<PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<O>> {
-    const compiledCircuit: NoirCompiledCircuit = await this.artifactProvider.getSimulatedClientCircuitArtifactByName(
-      circuitType,
-    );
+    const compiledCircuit: NoirCompiledCircuitWithName =
+      await this.artifactProvider.getSimulatedClientCircuitArtifactByName(circuitType);
 
     const witnessMap = convertInputs(inputs, compiledCircuit.abi);
 
-    const timer = new Timer();
-    const outputWitness = await this.simulationProvider
-      .executeProtocolCircuit(witnessMap, compiledCircuit)
+    const outputWitness = await this.simulator
+      .executeProtocolCircuit(witnessMap, compiledCircuit, foreignCallHandler)
       .catch((err: Error) => {
         this.log.debug(`Failed to simulate ${circuitType}`, {
           circuitName: mapProtocolArtifactNameToCircuitName(circuitType),
@@ -175,12 +211,12 @@ export abstract class BBPrivateKernelProver implements PrivateKernelProver {
         });
         throw err;
       });
-    const output = convertOutputs(outputWitness, compiledCircuit.abi);
+    const output = convertOutputs(outputWitness.witness, compiledCircuit.abi);
 
     this.log.debug(`Simulated ${circuitType}`, {
       eventName: 'circuit-simulation',
       circuitName: mapProtocolArtifactNameToCircuitName(circuitType),
-      duration: timer.ms(),
+      duration: outputWitness.duration,
       inputSize: inputs.toBuffer().length,
       outputSize: output.toBuffer().length,
     } satisfies CircuitSimulationStats);
@@ -198,30 +234,28 @@ export abstract class BBPrivateKernelProver implements PrivateKernelProver {
     convertOutputs: (outputs: WitnessMap, abi: Abi) => O,
   ): Promise<PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<O>> {
     this.log.debug(`Generating witness for ${circuitType}`);
-    const compiledCircuit: NoirCompiledCircuit = await this.artifactProvider.getClientCircuitArtifactByName(
-      circuitType,
-    );
+    const compiledCircuit: NoirCompiledCircuitWithName =
+      await this.artifactProvider.getClientCircuitArtifactByName(circuitType);
 
     const witnessMap = convertInputs(inputs, compiledCircuit.abi);
-    const timer = new Timer();
-    const outputWitness = await this.simulationProvider.executeProtocolCircuit(witnessMap, compiledCircuit);
-    const output = convertOutputs(outputWitness, compiledCircuit.abi);
+    const outputWitness = await this.simulator.executeProtocolCircuit(witnessMap, compiledCircuit, foreignCallHandler);
+    const output = convertOutputs(outputWitness.witness, compiledCircuit.abi);
 
     this.log.debug(`Generated witness for ${circuitType}`, {
       eventName: 'circuit-witness-generation',
       circuitName: mapProtocolArtifactNameToCircuitName(circuitType),
-      duration: timer.ms(),
+      duration: outputWitness.duration,
       inputSize: inputs.toBuffer().length,
       outputSize: output.toBuffer().length,
     } satisfies CircuitWitnessGenerationStats);
 
-    const verificationKey = (await this.artifactProvider.getCircuitVkByName(circuitType)).keyAsFields;
+    const verificationKey = await this.artifactProvider.getCircuitVkByName(circuitType);
     const bytecode = Buffer.from(compiledCircuit.bytecode, 'base64');
 
     const kernelOutput: PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<O> = {
       publicInputs: output,
       verificationKey,
-      outputWitness,
+      outputWitness: outputWitness.witness,
       bytecode,
     };
     return kernelOutput;
@@ -232,18 +266,45 @@ export abstract class BBPrivateKernelProver implements PrivateKernelProver {
   >(publicInputs: PublicInputsType, circuitType: ClientProtocolArtifact) {
     const kernelProofOutput: PrivateKernelSimulateOutput<PublicInputsType> = {
       publicInputs,
-      verificationKey: (await this.artifactProvider.getCircuitVkByName(circuitType)).keyAsFields,
+      verificationKey: await this.artifactProvider.getCircuitVkByName(circuitType),
       outputWitness: new Map(),
       bytecode: Buffer.from([]),
     };
     return kernelProofOutput;
   }
 
-  public createClientIvcProof(_acirs: Buffer[], _witnessStack: WitnessMap[]): Promise<ClientIvcProof> {
-    throw new Error('Not implemented');
+  public async createChonkProof(executionSteps: PrivateExecutionStep[]): Promise<ChonkProofWithPublicInputs> {
+    const timer = new Timer();
+    this.log.info(`Generating ClientIVC proof...`);
+    const barretenberg = await Barretenberg.initSingleton({
+      ...this.options,
+      logger: this.options.logger?.[(process.env.LOG_LEVEL as LogLevel) || 'verbose'],
+    });
+    const backend = new AztecClientBackend(
+      executionSteps.map(step => ungzip(step.bytecode)),
+      barretenberg,
+    );
+
+    const [proof] = await backend.prove(
+      executionSteps.map(step => ungzip(serializeWitness(step.witness))),
+      executionSteps.map(step => step.vk),
+    );
+    this.log.info(`Generated ClientIVC proof`, {
+      eventName: 'client-ivc-proof-generation',
+      duration: timer.ms(),
+      proofSize: proof.length,
+    });
+    return ChonkProofWithPublicInputs.fromBufferArray(proof);
   }
 
-  public computeGateCountForCircuit(_bytecode: Buffer, _circuitName: string): Promise<number> {
-    throw new Error('Not implemented');
+  public async computeGateCountForCircuit(_bytecode: Buffer, _circuitName: string): Promise<number> {
+    // Note we do not pass the vk to the backend. This is unneeded for gate counts.
+    const barretenberg = await Barretenberg.initSingleton({
+      ...this.options,
+      logger: this.options.logger?.[(process.env.LOG_LEVEL as LogLevel) || 'verbose'],
+    });
+    const backend = new AztecClientBackend([ungzip(_bytecode)], barretenberg);
+    const gateCount = await backend.gates();
+    return gateCount[0];
   }
 }

package/src/prover/client/bundle.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { BundleArtifactProvider } from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/client/bundle';
+import type { CircuitSimulator } from '@aztec/simulator/client';
+
+import { BBPrivateKernelProver, type BBPrivateKernelProverOptions } from './bb_private_kernel_prover.js';
+
+export class BBBundlePrivateKernelProver extends BBPrivateKernelProver {
+  constructor(simulator: CircuitSimulator, options: BBPrivateKernelProverOptions = {}) {
+    super(new BundleArtifactProvider(), simulator, options);
+  }
+}

package/src/prover/client/lazy.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import { LazyArtifactProvider } from '@aztec/noir-protocol-circuits-types/client/lazy';
+import type { CircuitSimulator } from '@aztec/simulator/client';
+
+import { BBPrivateKernelProver, type BBPrivateKernelProverOptions } from './bb_private_kernel_prover.js';
+
+export class BBLazyPrivateKernelProver extends BBPrivateKernelProver {
+  constructor(simulator: CircuitSimulator, options: BBPrivateKernelProverOptions = {}) {
+    super(new LazyArtifactProvider(), simulator, options);
+  }
+}

package/src/prover/index.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-export * from './bb_prover.js';
-export * from './bb_native_private_kernel_prover.js';
-export * from './client_ivc_proof_utils.js';
+export * from './server/bb_prover.js';
+export * from './proof_utils.js';

package/src/prover/proof_utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import {
+  CHONK_PROOF_LENGTH,
+  HIDING_KERNEL_IO_PUBLIC_INPUTS_SIZE,
+  IPA_CLAIM_SIZE,
+  NESTED_RECURSIVE_PROOF_LENGTH,
+  NESTED_RECURSIVE_ROLLUP_HONK_PROOF_LENGTH,
+  PAIRING_POINTS_SIZE,
+  ULTRA_KECCAK_PROOF_LENGTH,
+} from '@aztec/constants';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
+import { ChonkProofWithPublicInputs, Proof, RecursiveProof } from '@aztec/stdlib/proofs';
+import type { VerificationKeyData } from '@aztec/stdlib/vks';
+
+import assert from 'assert';
+import { promises as fs } from 'fs';
+import * as path from 'path';
+
+import { PROOF_FILENAME, PUBLIC_INPUTS_FILENAME } from '../bb/execute.js';
+
+/**
+ * Create a ChonkProof proof file.
+ *
+ * @param directory the directory to read the proof from.
+ * @returns the encapsulated chonk proof
+ */
+export async function readChonkProofFromOutputDirectory(directory: string) {
+  const proofFilename = path.join(directory, PROOF_FILENAME);
+  const binaryProof = await fs.readFile(proofFilename);
+  const proofFields = splitBufferIntoFields(binaryProof);
+  return new ChonkProofWithPublicInputs(proofFields);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Serialize a ChonkProof to a proof file.
+ *
+ * @param proof the ChonkProof from object
+ * @param directory the directory to write in
+ */
+export async function writeChonkProofToPath(chonkProof: ChonkProofWithPublicInputs, outputPath: string) {
+  // NB: Don't use chonkProof.toBuffer here because it will include the proof length.
+  const fieldsBuf = Buffer.concat(chonkProof.fieldsWithPublicInputs.map(field => field.toBuffer()));
+  await fs.writeFile(outputPath, fieldsBuf);
+}
+
+function getNumCustomPublicInputs(proofLength: number, vkData: VerificationKeyData) {
+  let numPublicInputs = vkData.numPublicInputs;
+  if (proofLength == CHONK_PROOF_LENGTH) {
+    numPublicInputs -= HIDING_KERNEL_IO_PUBLIC_INPUTS_SIZE;
+  } else {
+    numPublicInputs -= PAIRING_POINTS_SIZE;
+    if (proofLength == NESTED_RECURSIVE_ROLLUP_HONK_PROOF_LENGTH) {
+      numPublicInputs -= IPA_CLAIM_SIZE;
+    }
+  }
+  return numPublicInputs;
+}
+
+function splitBufferIntoFields(buffer: Buffer): Fr[] {
+  const fields: Fr[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < buffer.length / Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES; i++) {
+    fields.push(Fr.fromBuffer(buffer.subarray(i * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES, (i + 1) * Fr.SIZE_IN_BYTES)));
+  }
+  return fields;
+}
+
+export async function readProofsFromOutputDirectory<PROOF_LENGTH extends number>(
+  directory: string,
+  vkData: VerificationKeyData,
+  proofLength: PROOF_LENGTH,
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<RecursiveProof<PROOF_LENGTH>> {
+  assert(
+    proofLength == CHONK_PROOF_LENGTH ||
+      proofLength == NESTED_RECURSIVE_PROOF_LENGTH ||
+      proofLength == NESTED_RECURSIVE_ROLLUP_HONK_PROOF_LENGTH ||
+      proofLength == ULTRA_KECCAK_PROOF_LENGTH,
+    `Proof length must be one of the expected proof lengths, received ${proofLength}`,
+  );
+
+  const publicInputsFilename = path.join(directory, PUBLIC_INPUTS_FILENAME);
+  const proofFilename = path.join(directory, PROOF_FILENAME);
+
+  // Handle CHONK separately because bb outputs the proof fields with public inputs for CHONK.
+  const isChonk = proofLength == CHONK_PROOF_LENGTH;
+
+  const [binaryPublicInputs, binaryProof] = await Promise.all([
+    isChonk ? Buffer.alloc(0) : fs.readFile(publicInputsFilename),
+    fs.readFile(proofFilename),
+  ]);
+
+  const numPublicInputs = getNumCustomPublicInputs(proofLength, vkData);
+  let fieldsWithoutPublicInputs = splitBufferIntoFields(binaryProof);
+  if (isChonk) {
+    fieldsWithoutPublicInputs = fieldsWithoutPublicInputs.slice(numPublicInputs);
+  }
+
+  assert(
+    fieldsWithoutPublicInputs.length == proofLength,
+    `Proof fields length mismatch: ${fieldsWithoutPublicInputs.length} != ${proofLength}`,
+  );
+
+  // Concat binary public inputs and binary proof
+  // This buffer will have the form: [binary public inputs, binary proof]
+  const binaryProofWithPublicInputs = Buffer.concat([binaryPublicInputs, binaryProof]);
+  logger.debug(
+    `Circuit path: ${directory}, proof fields length: ${fieldsWithoutPublicInputs.length}, num public inputs: ${numPublicInputs}, circuit size: ${vkData.circuitSize}`,
+  );
+  return new RecursiveProof(
+    fieldsWithoutPublicInputs,
+    new Proof(binaryProofWithPublicInputs, numPublicInputs),
+    true,
+    proofLength,
+  );
+}