@aztec/archiver 4.0.0-nightly.20260126 → 4.0.0-nightly.20260128

package/src/modules/l1_synchronizer.ts

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ export class ArchiverL1Synchronizer implements Traceable {
         `Pruning blocks after block ${lastCheckpointedBlockNumber} due to slot ${firstUncheckpointedBlockSlot} not being checkpointed`,
         { firstUncheckpointedBlockHeader: firstUncheckpointedBlockHeader.toInspect(), slotAtNextL1Block },
       );
-      const prunedBlocks = await this.updater.removeBlocksAfter(lastCheckpointedBlockNumber);
+      const prunedBlocks = await this.updater.removeUncheckpointedBlocksAfter(lastCheckpointedBlockNumber);
 
       if (prunedBlocks.length > 0) {
         this.events.emit(L2BlockSourceEvents.L2PruneUncheckpointed, {
@@ -331,10 +331,10 @@ export class ArchiverL1Synchronizer implements Traceable {
       this.log.debug(
         `L2 prune from ${provenCheckpointNumber + 1} to ${localPendingCheckpointNumber} will occur on next checkpoint submission.`,
       );
-      await this.updater.unwindCheckpoints(localPendingCheckpointNumber, checkpointsToUnwind);
+      await this.updater.removeCheckpointsAfter(provenCheckpointNumber);
       this.log.warn(
-        `Unwound ${count(checkpointsToUnwind, 'checkpoint')} from checkpoint ${localPendingCheckpointNumber} ` +
-          `to ${provenCheckpointNumber} due to predicted reorg at L1 block ${currentL1BlockNumber}. ` +
+        `Removed ${count(checkpointsToUnwind, 'checkpoint')} after checkpoint ${provenCheckpointNumber} ` +
+          `due to predicted reorg at L1 block ${currentL1BlockNumber}. ` +
           `Updated latest checkpoint is ${await this.store.getSynchedCheckpointNumber()}.`,
       );
       this.instrumentation.processPrune(timer.ms());
@@ -675,11 +675,11 @@ export class ArchiverL1Synchronizer implements Traceable {
           tipAfterUnwind--;
         }
 
-        const checkpointsToUnwind = localPendingCheckpointNumber - tipAfterUnwind;
-        await this.updater.unwindCheckpoints(localPendingCheckpointNumber, checkpointsToUnwind);
+        const checkpointsToRemove = localPendingCheckpointNumber - tipAfterUnwind;
+        await this.updater.removeCheckpointsAfter(CheckpointNumber(tipAfterUnwind));
 
         this.log.warn(
-          `Unwound ${count(checkpointsToUnwind, 'checkpoint')} from checkpoint ${localPendingCheckpointNumber} ` +
+          `Removed ${count(checkpointsToRemove, 'checkpoint')} after checkpoint ${tipAfterUnwind} ` +
             `due to mismatched checkpoint hashes at L1 block ${currentL1BlockNumber}. ` +
             `Updated L2 latest checkpoint is ${await this.store.getSynchedCheckpointNumber()}.`,
         );
@@ -806,8 +806,8 @@ export class ArchiverL1Synchronizer implements Traceable {
         const updatedValidationResult =
           rollupStatus.validationResult === initialValidationResult ? undefined : rollupStatus.validationResult;
         const [processDuration, result] = await elapsed(() =>
-          execInSpan(this.tracer, 'Archiver.setCheckpointData', () =>
-            this.updater.setNewCheckpointData(validCheckpoints, updatedValidationResult),
+          execInSpan(this.tracer, 'Archiver.addCheckpoints', () =>
+            this.updater.addCheckpoints(validCheckpoints, updatedValidationResult),
           ),
         );
         this.instrumentation.processNewBlocks(

package/src/store/block_store.ts

@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ import { isDefined } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
 import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap, AztecAsyncSingleton, Range } from '@aztec/kv-store';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import {
+  BlockHash,
   Body,
   CheckpointedL2Block,
   CommitteeAttestation,
   L2Block,
-  L2BlockHash,
   type ValidateCheckpointResult,
   deserializeValidateCheckpointResult,
   serializeValidateCheckpointResult,
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import {
   BlockIndexNotSequentialError,
   BlockNotFoundError,
   BlockNumberNotSequentialError,
+  CannotOverwriteCheckpointedBlockError,
   CheckpointNotFoundError,
   CheckpointNumberNotConsistentError,
   CheckpointNumberNotSequentialError,
@@ -77,6 +78,8 @@ export type CheckpointData = {
   attestations: Buffer[];
 };
 
+export type RemoveCheckpointsResult = { blocksRemoved: L2Block[] | undefined };
+
 /**
  * LMDB-based block storage for the archiver.
  */
@@ -142,11 +145,13 @@ export class BlockStore {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Append new blocks to the store's list. All blocks must be for the 'current' checkpoint
-   * @param blocks - The L2 blocks to be added to the store.
+   * Append new proposed blocks to the store's list. All blocks must be for the 'current' checkpoint.
+   * These are uncheckpointed blocks that have been proposed by the sequencer but not yet included in a checkpoint on L1.
+   * For checkpointed blocks (already published to L1), use addCheckpoints() instead.
+   * @param blocks - The proposed L2 blocks to be added to the store.
    * @returns True if the operation is successful.
    */
-  async addBlocks(blocks: L2Block[], opts: { force?: boolean } = {}): Promise<boolean> {
+  async addProposedBlocks(blocks: L2Block[], opts: { force?: boolean } = {}): Promise<boolean> {
     if (blocks.length === 0) {
       return true;
     }
@@ -162,6 +167,12 @@ export class BlockStore {
       const previousBlockNumber = await this.getLatestBlockNumber();
       const previousCheckpointNumber = await this.getLatestCheckpointNumber();
 
+      // Verify we're not overwriting checkpointed blocks
+      const lastCheckpointedBlockNumber = await this.getCheckpointedL2BlockNumber();
+      if (!opts.force && firstBlockNumber <= lastCheckpointedBlockNumber) {
+        throw new CannotOverwriteCheckpointedBlockError(firstBlockNumber, lastCheckpointedBlockNumber);
+      }
+
       // Check that the first block number is the expected one
       if (!opts.force && previousBlockNumber !== firstBlockNumber - 1) {
         throw new InitialBlockNumberNotSequentialError(firstBlockNumber, previousBlockNumber);
@@ -340,7 +351,7 @@ export class BlockStore {
   }
 
   private async addBlockToDatabase(block: L2Block, checkpointNumber: number, indexWithinCheckpoint: number) {
-    const blockHash = L2BlockHash.fromField(await block.hash());
+    const blockHash = BlockHash.fromField(await block.hash());
 
     await this.#blocks.set(block.number, {
       header: block.header.toBuffer(),
@@ -385,51 +396,48 @@ export class BlockStore {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Unwinds checkpoints from the database
-   * @param from -  The tip of the chain, passed for verification purposes,
-   *                ensuring that we don't end up deleting something we did not intend
-   * @param checkpointsToUnwind - The number of checkpoints we are to unwind
-   * @returns True if the operation is successful
+   * Removes all checkpoints with checkpoint number > checkpointNumber.
+   * Also removes ALL blocks (both checkpointed and uncheckpointed) after the last block of the given checkpoint.
+   * @param checkpointNumber - Remove all checkpoints strictly after this one.
    */
-  async unwindCheckpoints(from: CheckpointNumber, checkpointsToUnwind: number) {
+  async removeCheckpointsAfter(checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber): Promise<RemoveCheckpointsResult> {
     return await this.db.transactionAsync(async () => {
-      const last = await this.getLatestCheckpointNumber();
-      if (from !== last) {
-        throw new Error(`Can only unwind checkpoints from the tip (requested ${from} but current tip is ${last})`);
+      const latestCheckpointNumber = await this.getLatestCheckpointNumber();
+
+      if (checkpointNumber >= latestCheckpointNumber) {
+        this.#log.warn(`No checkpoints to remove after ${checkpointNumber} (latest is ${latestCheckpointNumber})`);
+        return { blocksRemoved: undefined };
       }
 
+      // If the proven checkpoint is beyond the target, update it
       const proven = await this.getProvenCheckpointNumber();
-      if (from - checkpointsToUnwind < proven) {
-        await this.setProvenCheckpointNumber(CheckpointNumber(from - checkpointsToUnwind));
+      if (proven > checkpointNumber) {
+        this.#log.warn(`Updating proven checkpoint ${proven} to last valid checkpoint ${checkpointNumber}`);
+        await this.setProvenCheckpointNumber(checkpointNumber);
       }
 
-      for (let i = 0; i < checkpointsToUnwind; i++) {
-        const checkpointNumber = from - i;
-        const checkpoint = await this.#checkpoints.getAsync(checkpointNumber);
-
-        if (checkpoint === undefined) {
-          this.#log.warn(`Cannot remove checkpoint ${checkpointNumber} from the store since we don't have it`);
-          continue;
+      // Find the last block number to keep (last block of the given checkpoint, or 0 if no checkpoint)
+      let lastBlockToKeep: BlockNumber;
+      if (checkpointNumber <= 0) {
+        lastBlockToKeep = BlockNumber(INITIAL_L2_BLOCK_NUM - 1);
+      } else {
+        const targetCheckpoint = await this.#checkpoints.getAsync(checkpointNumber);
+        if (!targetCheckpoint) {
+          throw new Error(`Target checkpoint ${checkpointNumber} not found in store`);
         }
-        await this.#checkpoints.delete(checkpointNumber);
-        const maxBlock = checkpoint.startBlock + checkpoint.numBlocks - 1;
-
-        for (let blockNumber = checkpoint.startBlock; blockNumber <= maxBlock; blockNumber++) {
-          const block = await this.getBlock(BlockNumber(blockNumber));
+        lastBlockToKeep = BlockNumber(targetCheckpoint.startBlock + targetCheckpoint.numBlocks - 1);
+      }
 
-          if (block === undefined) {
-            this.#log.warn(`Cannot remove block ${blockNumber} from the store since we don't have it`);
-            continue;
-          }
+      // Remove all blocks after lastBlockToKeep (both checkpointed and uncheckpointed)
+      const blocksRemoved = await this.removeBlocksAfter(lastBlockToKeep);
 
-          await this.deleteBlock(block);
-          this.#log.debug(
-            `Unwound block ${blockNumber} ${(await block.hash()).toString()} for checkpoint ${checkpointNumber}`,
-          );
-        }
+      // Remove all checkpoints after the target
+      for (let c = latestCheckpointNumber; c > checkpointNumber; c = CheckpointNumber(c - 1)) {
+        await this.#checkpoints.delete(c);
+        this.#log.debug(`Removed checkpoint ${c}`);
       }
 
-      return true;
+      return { blocksRemoved };
     });
   }
 
@@ -510,10 +518,11 @@ export class BlockStore {
 
   /**
    * Removes all blocks with block number > blockNumber.
+   * Does not remove any associated checkpoints.
    * @param blockNumber - The block number to remove after.
    * @returns The removed blocks (for event emission).
    */
-  async unwindBlocksAfter(blockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<L2Block[]> {
+  async removeBlocksAfter(blockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<L2Block[]> {
     return await this.db.transactionAsync(async () => {
       const removedBlocks: L2Block[] = [];
 
@@ -664,7 +673,7 @@ export class BlockStore {
    * @param blockHash - The hash of the block to return.
    * @returns The requested L2 block.
    */
-  async getBlockByHash(blockHash: L2BlockHash): Promise<L2Block | undefined> {
+  async getBlockByHash(blockHash: BlockHash): Promise<L2Block | undefined> {
     const blockNumber = await this.#blockHashIndex.getAsync(blockHash.toString());
     if (blockNumber === undefined) {
       return undefined;
@@ -690,7 +699,7 @@ export class BlockStore {
    * @param blockHash - The hash of the block to return.
    * @returns The requested block header.
    */
-  async getBlockHeaderByHash(blockHash: L2BlockHash): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined> {
+  async getBlockHeaderByHash(blockHash: BlockHash): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined> {
     const blockNumber = await this.#blockHashIndex.getAsync(blockHash.toString());
     if (blockNumber === undefined) {
       return undefined;

package/src/store/kv_archiver_store.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, CustomRange, StoreSize } from '@aztec/kv-store';
 import { FunctionSelector } from '@aztec/stdlib/abi';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
-import { CheckpointedL2Block, L2Block, L2BlockHash, type ValidateCheckpointResult } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { BlockHash, CheckpointedL2Block, L2Block, type ValidateCheckpointResult } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import type { PublishedCheckpoint } from '@aztec/stdlib/checkpoint';
 import type {
   ContractClassPublic,
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ import type { UInt64 } from '@aztec/stdlib/types';
 import { join } from 'path';
 
 import type { InboxMessage } from '../structs/inbox_message.js';
-import { BlockStore, type CheckpointData } from './block_store.js';
+import { BlockStore, type CheckpointData, type RemoveCheckpointsResult } from './block_store.js';
 import { ContractClassStore } from './contract_class_store.js';
 import { ContractInstanceStore } from './contract_instance_store.js';
 import { LogStore } from './log_store.js';
@@ -235,12 +235,14 @@ export class KVArchiverDataStore implements ContractDataSource {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Append new blocks to the store's list.
-   * @param blocks - The L2 blocks to be added to the store and the last processed L1 block.
+   * Append new proposed blocks to the store's list.
+   * These are uncheckpointed blocks that have been proposed by the sequencer but not yet included in a checkpoint on L1.
+   * For checkpointed blocks (already published to L1), use addCheckpoints() instead.
+   * @param blocks - The proposed L2 blocks to be added to the store.
    * @returns True if the operation is successful.
    */
-  addBlocks(blocks: L2Block[], opts: { force?: boolean; checkpointNumber?: number } = {}): Promise<boolean> {
-    return this.#blockStore.addBlocks(blocks, opts);
+  addProposedBlocks(blocks: L2Block[], opts: { force?: boolean; checkpointNumber?: number } = {}): Promise<boolean> {
+    return this.#blockStore.addProposedBlocks(blocks, opts);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -261,14 +263,12 @@ export class KVArchiverDataStore implements ContractDataSource {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Unwinds checkpoints from the database
-   * @param from -  The tip of the chain, passed for verification purposes,
-   *                ensuring that we don't end up deleting something we did not intend
-   * @param checkpointsToUnwind - The number of checkpoints we are to unwind
-   * @returns True if the operation is successful
+   * Removes all checkpoints with checkpoint number > checkpointNumber.
+   * Also removes ALL blocks (both checkpointed and uncheckpointed) after the last block of the given checkpoint.
+   * @param checkpointNumber - Remove all checkpoints strictly after this one.
    */
-  unwindCheckpoints(from: CheckpointNumber, checkpointsToUnwind: number): Promise<boolean> {
-    return this.#blockStore.unwindCheckpoints(from, checkpointsToUnwind);
+  removeCheckpointsAfter(checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber): Promise<RemoveCheckpointsResult> {
+    return this.#blockStore.removeCheckpointsAfter(checkpointNumber);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ export class KVArchiverDataStore implements ContractDataSource {
    * @param blockHash - The block hash to return.
    */
   getBlockByHash(blockHash: Fr): Promise<L2Block | undefined> {
-    return this.#blockStore.getBlockByHash(L2BlockHash.fromField(blockHash));
+    return this.#blockStore.getBlockByHash(BlockHash.fromField(blockHash));
   }
   /**
    * Returns the block for the given archive root, or undefined if not exists.
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ export class KVArchiverDataStore implements ContractDataSource {
    * @param blockHash - The block hash to return.
    */
   getBlockHeaderByHash(blockHash: Fr): Promise<BlockHeader | undefined> {
-    return this.#blockStore.getBlockHeaderByHash(L2BlockHash.fromField(blockHash));
+    return this.#blockStore.getBlockHeaderByHash(BlockHash.fromField(blockHash));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -629,10 +629,11 @@ export class KVArchiverDataStore implements ContractDataSource {
 
   /**
    * Removes all blocks with block number > blockNumber.
+   * Does not remove any associated checkpoints.
    * @param blockNumber - The block number to remove after.
    * @returns The removed blocks (for event emission).
    */
   removeBlocksAfter(blockNumber: BlockNumber): Promise<L2Block[]> {
-    return this.#blockStore.unwindBlocksAfter(blockNumber);
+    return this.#blockStore.removeBlocksAfter(blockNumber);
   }
 }

package/src/store/log_store.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import { BufferReader, numToUInt32BE } from '@aztec/foundation/serialize';
 import type { AztecAsyncKVStore, AztecAsyncMap } from '@aztec/kv-store';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
-import { L2Block, L2BlockHash } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import { BlockHash, L2Block } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
 import { MAX_LOGS_PER_TAG } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/api-limit';
 import type { GetContractClassLogsResponse, GetPublicLogsResponse } from '@aztec/stdlib/interfaces/client';
 import {
@@ -275,14 +275,14 @@ export class LogStore {
     return Buffer.concat([blockHash.toBuffer(), ...data]);
   }
 
-  #unpackBlockHash(reader: BufferReader): L2BlockHash {
+  #unpackBlockHash(reader: BufferReader): BlockHash {
     const blockHash = reader.remainingBytes() > 0 ? reader.readObject(Fr) : undefined;
 
     if (!blockHash) {
       throw new Error('Failed to read block hash from log entry buffer');
     }
 
-    return L2BlockHash.fromField(blockHash);
+    return BlockHash.fromField(blockHash);
   }
 
   deleteLogs(blocks: L2Block[]): Promise<boolean> {
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ export class LogStore {
   #accumulateLogs(
     results: (ExtendedContractClassLog | ExtendedPublicLog)[],
     blockNumber: number,
-    blockHash: L2BlockHash,
+    blockHash: BlockHash,
     txIndex: number,
     txLogs: (ContractClassLog | PublicLog)[],
     filter: LogFilter = {},

package/src/test/index.ts

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ export * from './mock_structs.js';
 export * from './mock_l2_block_source.js';
 export * from './mock_l1_to_l2_message_source.js';
 export * from './mock_archiver.js';
+export * from './noop_l1_archiver.js';

package/src/test/mock_archiver.ts

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ export class MockPrefilledArchiver extends MockArchiver {
 
     const fromBlock = this.l2Blocks.length;
     // TODO: Add L2 blocks and checkpoints separately once archiver has the apis for that.
-    this.addBlocks(this.prefilled.slice(fromBlock, fromBlock + numBlocks).flatMap(c => c.blocks));
+    this.addProposedBlocks(this.prefilled.slice(fromBlock, fromBlock + numBlocks).flatMap(c => c.blocks));
     return Promise.resolve();
   }
 }

package/src/test/mock_l2_block_source.ts

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import { createLogger } from '@aztec/foundation/log';
 import type { FunctionSelector } from '@aztec/stdlib/abi';
 import type { AztecAddress } from '@aztec/stdlib/aztec-address';
 import {
+  BlockHash,
   CheckpointedL2Block,
   L2Block,
-  L2BlockHash,
   type L2BlockSource,
   type L2Tips,
   type ValidateCheckpointResult,
@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ export class MockL2BlockSource implements L2BlockSource, ContractDataSource {
     this.log.verbose(`Created ${numBlocks} blocks in the mock L2 block source`);
   }
 
-  public addBlocks(blocks: L2Block[]) {
+  public addProposedBlocks(blocks: L2Block[]) {
     this.l2Blocks.push(...blocks);
-    this.log.verbose(`Added ${blocks.length} blocks to the mock L2 block source`);
+    this.log.verbose(`Added ${blocks.length} proposed blocks to the mock L2 block source`);
   }
 
   public removeBlocks(numBlocks: number) {
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ export class MockL2BlockSource implements L2BlockSource, ContractDataSource {
     return {
       data: txEffect,
       l2BlockNumber: block.number,
-      l2BlockHash: L2BlockHash.fromField(await block.hash()),
+      l2BlockHash: BlockHash.fromField(await block.hash()),
       txIndexInBlock: block.body.txEffects.indexOf(txEffect),
     };
   }
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ export class MockL2BlockSource implements L2BlockSource, ContractDataSource {
             TxExecutionResult.SUCCESS,
             undefined,
             txEffect.transactionFee.toBigInt(),
-            L2BlockHash.fromField(await block.hash()),
+            BlockHash.fromField(await block.hash()),
             block.number,
           );
         }

package/src/test/mock_structs.ts

@@ -46,24 +46,40 @@ export function makeInboxMessage(
 }
 
 export function makeInboxMessages(
-  count: number,
+  totalCount: number,
   opts: {
     initialHash?: Buffer16;
     initialCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber;
+    messagesPerCheckpoint?: number;
     overrideFn?: (msg: InboxMessage, index: number) => InboxMessage;
   } = {},
 ): InboxMessage[] {
-  const { initialHash = Buffer16.ZERO, overrideFn = msg => msg, initialCheckpointNumber = 1 } = opts;
+  const {
+    initialHash = Buffer16.ZERO,
+    overrideFn = msg => msg,
+    initialCheckpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(1),
+    messagesPerCheckpoint = 1,
+  } = opts;
+
   const messages: InboxMessage[] = [];
   let rollingHash = initialHash;
-  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+  for (let i = 0; i < totalCount; i++) {
+    const msgIndex = i % messagesPerCheckpoint;
+    const checkpointNumber = CheckpointNumber.fromBigInt(
+      BigInt(initialCheckpointNumber) + BigInt(i) / BigInt(messagesPerCheckpoint),
+    );
     const leaf = Fr.random();
-    const checkpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(i + initialCheckpointNumber);
-    const message = overrideFn(makeInboxMessage(rollingHash, { leaf, checkpointNumber }), i);
+    const message = overrideFn(
+      makeInboxMessage(rollingHash, {
+        leaf,
+        checkpointNumber,
+        index: InboxLeaf.smallestIndexForCheckpoint(checkpointNumber) + BigInt(msgIndex),
+      }),
+      i,
+    );
     rollingHash = message.rollingHash;
     messages.push(message);
   }
-
   return messages;
 }
 

package/src/test/noop_l1_archiver.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+import type { BlobClientInterface } from '@aztec/blob-client/client';
+import type { RollupContract } from '@aztec/ethereum/contracts';
+import type { ViemPublicClient, ViemPublicDebugClient } from '@aztec/ethereum/types';
+import { Buffer32 } from '@aztec/foundation/buffer';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { EthAddress } from '@aztec/foundation/eth-address';
+import type { FunctionsOf } from '@aztec/foundation/types';
+import type { ArchiverEmitter } from '@aztec/stdlib/block';
+import type { L1RollupConstants } from '@aztec/stdlib/epoch-helpers';
+import { type TelemetryClient, type Tracer, getTelemetryClient } from '@aztec/telemetry-client';
+
+import { mock } from 'jest-mock-extended';
+import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events';
+
+import { Archiver } from '../archiver.js';
+import { ArchiverInstrumentation } from '../modules/instrumentation.js';
+import type { ArchiverL1Synchronizer } from '../modules/l1_synchronizer.js';
+import type { KVArchiverDataStore } from '../store/kv_archiver_store.js';
+
+/** Noop L1 synchronizer for testing without L1 connectivity. */
+class NoopL1Synchronizer implements FunctionsOf<ArchiverL1Synchronizer> {
+  public readonly tracer: Tracer;
+
+  constructor(tracer: Tracer) {
+    this.tracer = tracer;
+  }
+
+  setConfig(_config: unknown) {}
+  getL1BlockNumber(): bigint | undefined {
+    return 0n;
+  }
+  getL1Timestamp(): bigint | undefined {
+    return 0n;
+  }
+  testEthereumNodeSynced(): Promise<void> {
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+  syncFromL1(_initialSyncComplete: boolean): Promise<void> {
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Archiver with mocked L1 connectivity for testing.
+ * Uses mock L1 clients and a noop synchronizer, enabling tests that
+ * don't require real Ethereum connectivity.
+ */
+export class NoopL1Archiver extends Archiver {
+  constructor(
+    dataStore: KVArchiverDataStore,
+    l1Constants: L1RollupConstants & { genesisArchiveRoot: Fr },
+    instrumentation: ArchiverInstrumentation,
+  ) {
+    // Create mocks for L1 clients
+    const publicClient = mock<ViemPublicClient>();
+    const debugClient = mock<ViemPublicDebugClient>();
+    const rollup = mock<RollupContract>();
+    const blobClient = mock<BlobClientInterface>();
+
+    // Mock methods called during start()
+    blobClient.testSources.mockResolvedValue();
+    publicClient.getBlockNumber.mockResolvedValue(1n);
+
+    const events = new EventEmitter() as ArchiverEmitter;
+    const synchronizer = new NoopL1Synchronizer(instrumentation.tracer);
+
+    super(
+      publicClient,
+      debugClient,
+      rollup,
+      {
+        registryAddress: EthAddress.ZERO,
+        governanceProposerAddress: EthAddress.ZERO,
+        slashFactoryAddress: EthAddress.ZERO,
+        slashingProposerAddress: EthAddress.ZERO,
+      },
+      dataStore,
+      {
+        pollingIntervalMs: 1000,
+        batchSize: 100,
+        skipValidateCheckpointAttestations: true,
+        maxAllowedEthClientDriftSeconds: 300,
+        ethereumAllowNoDebugHosts: true, // Skip trace validation
+      },
+      blobClient,
+      instrumentation,
+      { ...l1Constants, l1StartBlockHash: Buffer32.random() },
+      synchronizer as ArchiverL1Synchronizer,
+      events,
+    );
+  }
+
+  /** Override start to skip L1 validation checks. */
+  public override start(_blockUntilSynced?: boolean): Promise<void> {
+    // Just start the running promise without L1 checks
+    this.runningPromise.start();
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+}
+
+/** Creates an archiver with mocked L1 connectivity for testing. */
+export async function createNoopL1Archiver(
+  dataStore: KVArchiverDataStore,
+  l1Constants: L1RollupConstants & { genesisArchiveRoot: Fr },
+  telemetry: TelemetryClient = getTelemetryClient(),
+): Promise<NoopL1Archiver> {
+  const instrumentation = await ArchiverInstrumentation.new(telemetry, () => dataStore.estimateSize());
+  return new NoopL1Archiver(dataStore, l1Constants, instrumentation);
+}