@aztec-labs/stdlib 6.0.0-nightly.20260829

package/src/checkpoint/digest.ts

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+import type { Buffer32 } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/buffer';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/curves/bn254';
+
+import { ConsensusPayload } from '../p2p/consensus_payload.js';
+import { type CoordinationSignatureContext, getHashedSignaturePayloadTypedData } from '../p2p/signature_utils.js';
+import { CheckpointHeader } from '../rollup/checkpoint_header.js';
+
+/**
+ * Computes the EIP-712 payload digest for a checkpoint proposal — the digest validators sign
+ * and the L1 contract verifies during `propose()`. Mirrors `ProposeLib.digest(ProposePayload)` on L1.
+ *
+ * The result is the same `bytes32` that gets stored in `tempCheckpointLogs[checkpointNumber].payloadDigest`,
+ * so this helper is also reused when constructing simulation state overrides for pipelined proposals.
+ */
+export function computeCheckpointPayloadDigest(args: {
+  header: CheckpointHeader;
+  archiveRoot: Fr;
+  feeAssetPriceModifier: bigint;
+  signatureContext: CoordinationSignatureContext;
+}): Buffer32 {
+  const consensusPayload = new ConsensusPayload(
+    args.header,
+    args.archiveRoot,
+    args.feeAssetPriceModifier,
+    args.signatureContext,
+  );
+  return getHashedSignaturePayloadTypedData(consensusPayload);
+}

package/src/checkpoint/index.ts

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+export * from './checkpoint.js';
+export * from './checkpoint_data.js';
+export * from './checkpoint_info.js';
+export * from './checkpoint_reexecution_tracker.js';
+export * from './digest.js';
+export * from './previous_checkpoint_inbox_rolling_hash.js';
+export * from './previous_checkpoint_out_hashes.js';
+export * from './published_checkpoint.js';
+export * from './simulation_overrides.js';
+export * from './validate.js';

package/src/checkpoint/previous_checkpoint_inbox_rolling_hash.ts

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+import { CheckpointNumber } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/branded-types';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/log';
+
+import type { L2BlockSource } from '../block/l2_block_source.js';
+import type { ProposedCheckpointData } from './checkpoint_data.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returns the inbox rolling hash chain-start for `checkpointNumber`: the `inboxRollingHash` of the immediately
+ * preceding checkpoint. Unlike the epoch out-hash tree, the rolling-hash chain is continuous across epoch boundaries,
+ * so the parent is always `checkpointNumber - 1` regardless of epoch. The genesis checkpoint (and the first checkpoint
+ * built on it) starts the chain at zero.
+ *
+ * Under proposer pipelining the parent may not be confirmed on L1 yet, so the locally-known proposed checkpoint is
+ * preferred when it is the parent, mirroring `getPreviousCheckpointOutHashes`.
+ */
+export async function getPreviousCheckpointInboxRollingHash(input: {
+  blockSource: Pick<L2BlockSource, 'getCheckpointData' | 'getProposedCheckpointData'>;
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  proposedCheckpointData?: ProposedCheckpointData;
+  log?: Logger;
+}): Promise<Fr> {
+  const { blockSource, checkpointNumber, proposedCheckpointData, log } = input;
+  if (checkpointNumber <= 1) {
+    return Fr.ZERO;
+  }
+
+  const parent = CheckpointNumber(checkpointNumber - 1);
+
+  if (proposedCheckpointData?.checkpointNumber === parent) {
+    log?.debug(`Using pipelined parent cp ${parent} inbox rolling hash for cp ${checkpointNumber}`);
+    return proposedCheckpointData.header.inboxRollingHash;
+  }
+
+  const confirmed = await blockSource.getCheckpointData({ number: parent });
+  if (confirmed) {
+    return confirmed.header.inboxRollingHash;
+  }
+
+  const proposed = await blockSource.getProposedCheckpointData({ number: parent });
+  if (proposed) {
+    return proposed.header.inboxRollingHash;
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`Cannot source inbox rolling hash for parent checkpoint ${parent} of checkpoint ${checkpointNumber}`);
+}

package/src/checkpoint/previous_checkpoint_out_hashes.ts

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+import { CheckpointNumber, type EpochNumber } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/branded-types';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/log';
+
+import type { L2BlockSource } from '../block/l2_block_source.js';
+import { type L1RollupConstants, getEpochAtSlot } from '../epoch-helpers/index.js';
+import type { ProposedCheckpointData } from './checkpoint_data.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returns the out hashes (in epoch order) of all checkpoints in `epoch` that precede
+ * `checkpointNumber`, used to compute the `epochOutHash` baked into that checkpoint's header.
+ *
+ * Under proposer pipelining the parent checkpoint may not be confirmed on L1 by the time the
+ * builder runs, so the on-chain archiver query (`getCheckpointsData`) is missing it and the
+ * resulting `epochOutHash` would diverge from what other validators (and L1) compute after the
+ * parent lands. To avoid that, the parent's `checkpointOutHash` is spliced in from the locally
+ * known proposed checkpoint when:
+ *   - pipelining is enabled,
+ *   - the archiver lookup is genuinely short (its last entry is not already cp `N-1`),
+ *   - and the proposed cp `N-1` is in the same target epoch (otherwise we're at an epoch boundary
+ *     and the previous-epoch cps must be excluded).
+ *
+ * Callers may either pass the already-loaded `proposedCheckpointData` (the proposer has it on
+ * hand) or leave it undefined, in which case it's fetched via `getProposedCheckpointData`.
+ */
+export async function getPreviousCheckpointOutHashes(input: {
+  blockSource: Pick<L2BlockSource, 'getCheckpointsData' | 'getProposedCheckpointData'>;
+  epoch: EpochNumber;
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  l1Constants: Pick<L1RollupConstants, 'epochDuration'>;
+  pipeliningEnabled: boolean;
+  proposedCheckpointData?: ProposedCheckpointData;
+  log?: Logger;
+}): Promise<Fr[]> {
+  const { blockSource, epoch, checkpointNumber, l1Constants, pipeliningEnabled, log } = input;
+
+  const checkpointed = (await blockSource.getCheckpointsData({ epoch }))
+    .filter(c => c.checkpointNumber < checkpointNumber)
+    .sort((a, b) => a.checkpointNumber - b.checkpointNumber);
+
+  if (!pipeliningEnabled || checkpointNumber === 0) {
+    return checkpointed.map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
+  }
+
+  const parentCheckpoint = CheckpointNumber(checkpointNumber - 1);
+  if (checkpointed.at(-1)?.checkpointNumber === parentCheckpoint) {
+    return checkpointed.map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
+  }
+
+  const proposedParent =
+    input.proposedCheckpointData ?? (await blockSource.getProposedCheckpointData({ number: parentCheckpoint }));
+  if (!proposedParent || proposedParent.checkpointNumber !== parentCheckpoint) {
+    return checkpointed.map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
+  }
+  if (getEpochAtSlot(proposedParent.header.slotNumber, l1Constants) !== epoch) {
+    return checkpointed.map(c => c.checkpointOutHash);
+  }
+
+  log?.debug(`Splicing pipelined parent cp ${parentCheckpoint} outHash for cp ${checkpointNumber}`);
+  return [...checkpointed.map(c => c.checkpointOutHash), proposedParent.checkpointOutHash];
+}

package/src/checkpoint/published_checkpoint.ts

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+// Ignoring import issue to fix portable inferred type issue in zod schema
+import { Buffer32 } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/buffer';
+import { randomBigInt } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/crypto/random';
+import { schemas } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/schemas';
+import { BufferReader, serializeToBuffer } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/serialize';
+import type { FieldsOf } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/types';
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import { CommitteeAttestation } from '../block/proposal/committee_attestation.js';
+import { MAX_BLOCK_HASH_STRING_LENGTH, MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE } from '../deserialization/index.js';
+import { Checkpoint } from './checkpoint.js';
+
+export class L1PublishedData {
+  constructor(
+    public blockNumber: bigint,
+    public timestamp: bigint,
+    public blockHash: string,
+  ) {}
+
+  static get schema() {
+    return z
+      .object({
+        blockNumber: schemas.BigInt,
+        timestamp: schemas.BigInt,
+        blockHash: z.string(),
+      })
+      .transform(obj => L1PublishedData.fromFields(obj));
+  }
+
+  static random() {
+    return new L1PublishedData(
+      randomBigInt(1000n) + 1n,
+      BigInt(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)),
+      Buffer32.random().toString(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  static fromFields(fields: FieldsOf<L1PublishedData>) {
+    return new L1PublishedData(fields.blockNumber, fields.timestamp, fields.blockHash);
+  }
+
+  static fromBuffer(bufferOrReader: Buffer | BufferReader): L1PublishedData {
+    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(bufferOrReader);
+    const l1BlockNumber = reader.readBigInt();
+    const l1BlockHash = reader.readString(MAX_BLOCK_HASH_STRING_LENGTH);
+    const l1Timestamp = reader.readBigInt();
+    return new L1PublishedData(l1BlockNumber, l1Timestamp, l1BlockHash);
+  }
+
+  public toBuffer(): Buffer {
+    return serializeToBuffer(this.blockNumber, this.blockHash, this.timestamp);
+  }
+}
+
+export class PublishedCheckpoint {
+  constructor(
+    /** The checkpoint itself. */
+    public checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+    /** Info on when this checkpoint was published on L1. */
+    public l1: L1PublishedData,
+    /** The attestations for the last block in the checkpoint. */
+    public attestations: CommitteeAttestation[],
+  ) {}
+
+  static get schema() {
+    return z
+      .object({
+        checkpoint: Checkpoint.schema,
+        l1: L1PublishedData.schema,
+        attestations: z.array(CommitteeAttestation.schema),
+      })
+      .transform(obj => PublishedCheckpoint.from(obj));
+  }
+
+  static getFields(fields: FieldsOf<PublishedCheckpoint>) {
+    return [fields.checkpoint, fields.l1, fields.attestations] as const;
+  }
+
+  static from(fields: FieldsOf<PublishedCheckpoint>) {
+    return new PublishedCheckpoint(...PublishedCheckpoint.getFields(fields));
+  }
+
+  static fromBuffer(bufferOrReader: Buffer | BufferReader): PublishedCheckpoint {
+    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(bufferOrReader);
+    const checkpoint = reader.readObject(Checkpoint);
+    const l1BlockNumber = reader.readBigInt();
+    const l1BlockHash = reader.readString(MAX_BLOCK_HASH_STRING_LENGTH);
+    const l1Timestamp = reader.readBigInt();
+    const attestations = reader.readVector(CommitteeAttestation, MAX_COMMITTEE_SIZE);
+    return new PublishedCheckpoint(
+      checkpoint,
+      new L1PublishedData(l1BlockNumber, l1Timestamp, l1BlockHash),
+      attestations,
+    );
+  }
+
+  public toBuffer(): Buffer {
+    return serializeToBuffer(
+      this.checkpoint,
+      this.l1.blockNumber,
+      this.l1.blockHash,
+      this.l1.timestamp,
+      this.attestations.length,
+      this.attestations,
+    );
+  }
+}

package/src/checkpoint/simulation_overrides.ts

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+import {
+  type FeeHeader,
+  RollupContract,
+  SimulationOverridesBuilder,
+  type SimulationOverridesPlan,
+} from '@aztec-labs/ethereum/contracts';
+import { CheckpointNumber } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/branded-types';
+import type { Logger } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/log';
+
+import type { CoordinationSignatureContext } from '../p2p/signature_utils.js';
+import type { ProposedCheckpointData } from './checkpoint_data.js';
+import { computeCheckpointPayloadDigest } from './digest.js';
+
+type CheckpointSimulationOverridesPlanInput = {
+  /** Target rollup contract. */
+  rollup: RollupContract;
+  /** Checkpoint number to be proposed. */
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  /** Logger instance. */
+  log: Logger;
+  /**
+   * The proposed parent checkpoint when pipelining. Its `checkpointNumber` must equal
+   * `checkpointNumber - 1`; the helper enforces this. Mutually exclusive with
+   * `invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber`.
+   */
+  proposedCheckpointData?: ProposedCheckpointData;
+  /**
+   * The pending checkpoint number we'll end up at after invalidation lands. Mutually exclusive
+   * with `proposedCheckpointData`.
+   */
+  invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber?: CheckpointNumber;
+  /**
+   * The real on-chain pending checkpoint number (typically `syncedTo.checkpointedCheckpointNumber`).
+   * Used as the snapshot we pin both `pending` and `proven` to avoid prunes in simulation.
+   */
+  checkpointedCheckpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  /**
+   * Chain-level consensus signature context. Used to recompute the parent's `payloadDigest` for the
+   * pipelined simulation override so it matches what `propose` will write into `tempCheckpointLogs[parent]`
+   * once the parent lands.
+   */
+  signatureContext: CoordinationSignatureContext;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Builds the SimulationOverridesPlan describing the simulated L1 rollup state for a checkpoint's
+ * enqueue-time simulations: `canProposeAt` (in Sequencer.doWork) and the propose-related sims
+ * (validateCheckpointHeader, simulateProposeTx). The plan reflects "as if our pipelined parent
+ * checkpoint has landed and any required invalidation has executed" — the gap that needs to be
+ * bridged at enqueue time.
+ *
+ * Pipelining (`proposedCheckpointData`) and invalidation (`invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber`)
+ * are mutually exclusive; passing both throws.
+ */
+export async function buildCheckpointSimulationOverridesPlan(
+  input: CheckpointSimulationOverridesPlanInput,
+): Promise<SimulationOverridesPlan | undefined> {
+  if (input.proposedCheckpointData && input.invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber !== undefined) {
+    throw new Error(
+      'Error in buildCheckpointSimulationOverridesPlan: proposedCheckpointData and invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber are mutually exclusive',
+    );
+  }
+
+  const builder = new SimulationOverridesBuilder();
+  const pendingCheckpointNumber = derivePendingCheckpointNumber(input);
+
+  // Override the latest checkpoint number when invalidating or pipelining, so our checkpoint
+  // follows from it. We also override the proven chain tip so we dont need to worry about
+  // prunes kicking in that would break out simulation if there's a prune pending. We always
+  // assume that a proof will land in time. If we don't have a pending checkpoint number to force,
+  // we still set both tips to the current checkpoint number to avoid the prune trigger.
+  const overridenChainTip = pendingCheckpointNumber ?? input.checkpointedCheckpointNumber;
+  builder.withChainTips({ pending: overridenChainTip, proven: overridenChainTip });
+
+  if (input.proposedCheckpointData) {
+    const { header, archive, checkpointOutHash, feeAssetPriceModifier, inboxMsgTotal } = input.proposedCheckpointData;
+    builder.withPendingArchive(archive.root);
+    // Override every locally-derivable `tempCheckpointLogs[parent]` field that L1 will eventually
+    // write. `slotNumber` is required by `STFLib.canPruneAtTime`: without it the cell reads
+    // slotNumber 0, the contract treats the pending tip as belonging to an expired epoch, and
+    // `getEffectivePendingCheckpointNumber` silently collapses pending back to proven — producing
+    // a spurious `Rollup__InvalidArchive` against the on-chain genesis archive. `inboxMsgTotal` is
+    // read by `ProposeLib.validateInboxConsumption` as the parent's consumed total: left at zero it
+    // makes our consumption look like the Inbox's entire history and trips
+    // `Rollup__TooManyInboxMessagesConsumed`. The remaining fields (headerHash, outHash,
+    // payloadDigest) are not read by `canProposeAt` / `validateCheckpointHeader`, but mirroring the full
+    // cell keeps the simulation byte-faithful with what the actual `propose()` send will observe,
+    // which is a defense against future reads taking dependencies on them.
+    builder.withPendingTempCheckpointLogFields({
+      headerHash: header.hash(),
+      outHash: checkpointOutHash,
+      slotNumber: header.slotNumber,
+      inboxMsgTotal,
+      payloadDigest: computeCheckpointPayloadDigest({
+        header,
+        archiveRoot: archive.root,
+        feeAssetPriceModifier,
+        signatureContext: input.signatureContext,
+      }),
+    });
+
+    const feeHeader = await computePipelinedParentFeeHeader({
+      checkpointNumber: input.checkpointNumber,
+      proposedCheckpointData: input.proposedCheckpointData,
+      rollup: input.rollup,
+      log: input.log,
+    });
+    if (feeHeader) {
+      builder.withPendingFeeHeader(feeHeader);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return builder.build();
+}
+
+function derivePendingCheckpointNumber(input: CheckpointSimulationOverridesPlanInput): CheckpointNumber | undefined {
+  if (input.invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber !== undefined) {
+    return input.invalidateToPendingCheckpointNumber;
+  }
+  if (!input.proposedCheckpointData) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  if (input.checkpointNumber < 1) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot build simulation override for checkpoint ${input.checkpointNumber}: no parent exists`);
+  }
+  const expectedParent = CheckpointNumber(input.checkpointNumber - 1);
+  if (input.proposedCheckpointData.checkpointNumber !== expectedParent) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Cannot build simulation override for checkpoint ${input.checkpointNumber}: proposedCheckpointData.checkpointNumber (${input.proposedCheckpointData.checkpointNumber}) does not match expected parent ${expectedParent}`,
+    );
+  }
+  return expectedParent;
+}
+
+type PipelinedParentFeeHeaderInput = {
+  checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber;
+  proposedCheckpointData: ProposedCheckpointData;
+  rollup: RollupContract;
+  log: Logger;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Derives the pending parent fee header used during pipelined proposal simulation. Returns
+ * `undefined` only when no grandparent exists (i.e. the proposed parent is the genesis
+ * checkpoint); all other failure modes (missing grandparent state, missing fee header, RPC
+ * errors) throw so callers don't silently desync the fee-header override.
+ */
+export async function computePipelinedParentFeeHeader(
+  input: PipelinedParentFeeHeaderInput,
+): Promise<FeeHeader | undefined> {
+  if (input.checkpointNumber < 2) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  const grandparentCheckpointNumber = CheckpointNumber(input.checkpointNumber - 2);
+
+  const [grandparentCheckpoint, manaTarget] = await Promise.all([
+    input.rollup.getCheckpoint(grandparentCheckpointNumber),
+    input.rollup.getManaTarget(),
+  ]);
+
+  if (!grandparentCheckpoint?.feeHeader) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Grandparent checkpoint or feeHeader missing for checkpoint ${grandparentCheckpointNumber.toString()}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  return RollupContract.computeChildFeeHeader(
+    grandparentCheckpoint.feeHeader,
+    input.proposedCheckpointData.totalManaUsed,
+    input.proposedCheckpointData.feeAssetPriceModifier,
+    manaTarget,
+  );
+}

package/src/checkpoint/validate.ts

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+import { BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT, FIELDS_PER_BLOB, MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '@aztec-labs/constants';
+import type { CheckpointNumber, SlotNumber } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/branded-types';
+import { sum } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/collection';
+
+import { MAX_ATTESTABLE_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT } from '../deserialization/index.js';
+import type { Checkpoint } from './checkpoint.js';
+
+export class CheckpointValidationError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public readonly checkpointNumber: CheckpointNumber,
+    public readonly slot: SlotNumber,
+  ) {
+    super(message);
+    this.name = 'CheckpointValidationError';
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates a checkpoint. Throws a CheckpointValidationError if any validation fails.
+ * - Validates structural integrity (non-empty, block count, sequential numbers, archive chaining, slot consistency)
+ * - Validates checkpoint blob field count against maxBlobFields limit
+ * - Validates total L2 gas used by checkpoint blocks against the Rollup contract mana limit
+ * - Validates total DA gas used by checkpoint blocks against MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT
+ * - Validates individual block L2 gas and DA gas against maxL2BlockGas and maxDABlockGas limits
+ */
+export function validateCheckpoint(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    rollupManaLimit?: number;
+    maxL2BlockGas?: number;
+    maxDABlockGas?: number;
+    maxTxsPerCheckpoint?: number;
+    maxTxsPerBlock?: number;
+    /**
+     * Max blocks per checkpoint. Defaults to {@link MAX_ATTESTABLE_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT}; the L1-sync
+     * ingest path passes `MAX_CAPACITY_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT` to tolerate larger checkpoints already
+     * accepted by L1.
+     */
+    maxBlocksPerCheckpoint?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  validateCheckpointStructure(checkpoint, { maxBlocksPerCheckpoint: opts.maxBlocksPerCheckpoint });
+  validateCheckpointLimits(checkpoint, opts);
+  validateCheckpointBlocksLimits(checkpoint, opts);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates structural integrity of a checkpoint.
+ * - Non-empty block list
+ * - Block count within `maxBlocksPerCheckpoint` (default {@link MAX_ATTESTABLE_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT})
+ * - Checkpoint slot matches the first block's slot
+ * - Checkpoint lastArchiveRoot matches the first block's lastArchive root
+ * - Sequential block numbers without gaps
+ * - Sequential indexWithinCheckpoint starting at 0
+ * - Archive root chaining between consecutive blocks
+ * - Consistent slot number across all blocks
+ * - Global variables (slot, timestamp, coinbase, feeRecipient, gasFees) match checkpoint header for each block
+ */
+export function validateCheckpointStructure(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: { maxBlocksPerCheckpoint?: number } = {},
+): void {
+  const { maxBlocksPerCheckpoint = MAX_ATTESTABLE_BLOCKS_PER_CHECKPOINT } = opts;
+  const { blocks, number, slot } = checkpoint;
+
+  if (blocks.length === 0) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError('Checkpoint has no blocks', number, slot);
+  }
+
+  if (blocks.length > maxBlocksPerCheckpoint) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint has ${blocks.length} blocks, exceeding limit of ${maxBlocksPerCheckpoint}`,
+      number,
+      slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const firstBlock = blocks[0];
+
+  if (!checkpoint.header.lastArchiveRoot.equals(firstBlock.header.lastArchive.root)) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint lastArchiveRoot does not match first block's lastArchive root`,
+      number,
+      slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < blocks.length; i++) {
+    const block = blocks[i];
+
+    if (block.indexWithinCheckpoint !== i) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block at index ${i} has indexWithinCheckpoint ${block.indexWithinCheckpoint}, expected ${i}`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (block.slot !== slot) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block ${block.number} has slot ${block.slot}, expected ${slot} (all blocks must share the same slot)`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (!checkpoint.header.matchesGlobalVariables(block.header.globalVariables)) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Block ${block.number} global variables (slot, timestamp, coinbase, feeRecipient, gasFees) do not match checkpoint header`,
+        number,
+        slot,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (i > 0) {
+      const prev = blocks[i - 1];
+      if (block.number !== prev.number + 1) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block numbers are not sequential: block at index ${i - 1} has number ${prev.number}, block at index ${i} has number ${block.number}`,
+          number,
+          slot,
+        );
+      }
+
+      if (!block.header.lastArchive.root.equals(prev.archive.root)) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} lastArchive root does not match archive root of block ${prev.number}`,
+          number,
+          slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates checkpoint blocks gas limits */
+function validateCheckpointBlocksLimits(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    maxL2BlockGas?: number;
+    maxDABlockGas?: number;
+    maxTxsPerBlock?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  const { maxL2BlockGas, maxDABlockGas, maxTxsPerBlock } = opts;
+
+  if (maxL2BlockGas !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockL2Gas = block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber();
+      if (blockL2Gas > maxL2BlockGas) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has L2 gas used ${blockL2Gas} exceeding limit of ${maxL2BlockGas}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (maxDABlockGas !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockDAGas = block.computeDAGasUsed();
+      if (blockDAGas > maxDABlockGas) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has DA gas used ${blockDAGas} exceeding limit of ${maxDABlockGas}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (maxTxsPerBlock !== undefined) {
+    for (const block of checkpoint.blocks) {
+      const blockTxCount = block.body.txEffects.length;
+      if (blockTxCount > maxTxsPerBlock) {
+        throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+          `Block ${block.number} in checkpoint has ${blockTxCount} txs exceeding limit of ${maxTxsPerBlock}`,
+          checkpoint.number,
+          checkpoint.slot,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/** Validates checkpoint max blob fields, gas limits, and tx limits */
+function validateCheckpointLimits(
+  checkpoint: Checkpoint,
+  opts: {
+    rollupManaLimit?: number;
+    maxTxsPerCheckpoint?: number;
+  },
+): void {
+  const { rollupManaLimit, maxTxsPerCheckpoint } = opts;
+
+  const maxBlobFields = BLOBS_PER_CHECKPOINT * FIELDS_PER_BLOB;
+  const maxDAGas = MAX_PROCESSABLE_DA_GAS_PER_CHECKPOINT;
+
+  if (rollupManaLimit !== undefined) {
+    const checkpointMana = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.header.totalManaUsed.toNumber()));
+    if (checkpointMana > rollupManaLimit) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Checkpoint mana cost ${checkpointMana} exceeds rollup limit of ${rollupManaLimit}`,
+        checkpoint.number,
+        checkpoint.slot,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  const checkpointDAGas = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.computeDAGasUsed()));
+  if (checkpointDAGas > maxDAGas) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint DA gas cost ${checkpointDAGas} exceeds limit of ${maxDAGas}`,
+      checkpoint.number,
+      checkpoint.slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const checkpointBlobFields = checkpoint.toBlobFields().length;
+  if (checkpointBlobFields > maxBlobFields) {
+    throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+      `Checkpoint blob field count ${checkpointBlobFields} exceeds limit of ${maxBlobFields}`,
+      checkpoint.number,
+      checkpoint.slot,
+    );
+  }
+
+  if (maxTxsPerCheckpoint !== undefined) {
+    const checkpointTxCount = sum(checkpoint.blocks.map(block => block.body.txEffects.length));
+    if (checkpointTxCount > maxTxsPerCheckpoint) {
+      throw new CheckpointValidationError(
+        `Checkpoint tx count ${checkpointTxCount} exceeds limit of ${maxTxsPerCheckpoint}`,
+        checkpoint.number,
+        checkpoint.slot,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}