@aztec-labs/pxe 6.0.0-nightly.20260829

package/src/contract_function_simulator/contract_function_simulator.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,928 @@
+import { CircuitKind } from '@aztec/bb.js';
+
+import {
+  AVM_EMITNOTEHASH_BASE_L2_GAS,
+  AVM_EMITNULLIFIER_BASE_L2_GAS,
+  AVM_SENDL2TOL1MSG_BASE_L2_GAS,
+  DA_GAS_PER_FIELD,
+  FIXED_AVM_STARTUP_L2_GAS,
+  L2_GAS_PER_CONTRACT_CLASS_LOG,
+  L2_GAS_PER_L2_TO_L1_MSG,
+  L2_GAS_PER_NOTE_HASH,
+  L2_GAS_PER_NULLIFIER,
+  L2_GAS_PER_PRIVATE_LOG,
+  MAX_CONTRACT_CLASS_LOGS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_ENQUEUED_CALLS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_L2_TO_L1_MSGS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX,
+  MAX_NOTE_HASH_READ_REQUESTS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_NULLIFIER_READ_REQUESTS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_PRIVATE_LOGS_PER_TX,
+  MAX_TX_LIFETIME,
+  PRIVATE_TX_L2_GAS_OVERHEAD,
+  PUBLIC_DATA_WRITE_LENGTH,
+  PUBLIC_TX_L2_GAS_OVERHEAD,
+  TX_DA_GAS_OVERHEAD,
+} from '@aztec-labs/constants';
+import { arrayNonEmptyLength, padArrayEnd } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/collection';
+import { Fr } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/log';
+import { allToCompletion } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/promise';
+import { Timer } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/timer';
+import type { KeyStore } from '@aztec-labs/key-store';
+import { getVKTreeRoot } from '@aztec-labs/noir-protocol-circuits-types/vk-tree';
+import { protocolContractsHash } from '@aztec-labs/protocol-contracts';
+import {
+  type CircuitSimulator,
+  ExecutionError,
+  createSimulationError,
+  extractCallStack,
+  resolveAssertionMessageFromError,
+  toACVMWitness,
+  witnessMapToFields,
+} from '@aztec-labs/simulator/client';
+import type { FunctionCall } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/abi';
+import { FunctionSelector, FunctionType } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/abi';
+import type { AuthWitness } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/auth-witness';
+import { AztecAddress } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/aztec-address';
+import type { BlockParameter, L2TipsProvider } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/block';
+import { Gas } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/gas';
+import {
+  computeNoteHashNonce,
+  computeProtocolNullifier,
+  computeSiloedPrivateLogFirstField,
+  computeUniqueNoteHash,
+  siloNoteHash,
+  siloNullifier,
+} from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/hash';
+import type { AztecNode } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/interfaces/server';
+import {
+  ClaimedLengthArray,
+  PartialPrivateTailPublicInputsForPublic,
+  PartialPrivateTailPublicInputsForRollup,
+  type PrivateExecutionStep,
+  type PrivateKernelExecutionProofOutput,
+  PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs,
+  PrivateLogData,
+  PrivateToPublicAccumulatedData,
+  PrivateToRollupAccumulatedData,
+  PublicCallRequest,
+  ReadRequestActionEnum,
+  ScopedLogHash,
+  ScopedNoteHash,
+  ScopedNullifier,
+  ScopedReadRequest,
+  buildTransientDataHints,
+  getNoteHashReadRequestResetActions,
+  getNullifierReadRequestResetActions,
+} from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/kernel';
+import { PrivateLog } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/logs';
+import { ScopedL2ToL1Message } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/messaging';
+import { ChonkProof } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/proofs';
+import { MerkleTreeId } from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/trees';
+import {
+  BlockHeader,
+  CallContext,
+  type ContractOverrides,
+  HashedValues,
+  type OffchainEffect,
+  PrivateExecutionResult,
+  TxConstantData,
+  TxExecutionRequest,
+  collectNested,
+  collectNoteHashNullifierCounterMap,
+  getFinalMinRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+} from '@aztec-labs/stdlib/tx';
+
+import type { ContractClassService } from '../contract/contract_class_service.js';
+import type { ContractSyncService } from '../contract/contract_sync_service.js';
+import type { ExecutionHooks } from '../hooks/index.js';
+import type { TxResolverService } from '../messages/tx_resolver_service.js';
+import type { AddressStore } from '../storage/address_store/address_store.js';
+import { CapsuleService } from '../storage/capsule_store/capsule_service.js';
+import type { CapsuleStore } from '../storage/capsule_store/capsule_store.js';
+import type { ContractStore } from '../storage/contract_store/contract_store.js';
+import { FactService } from '../storage/fact_store/index.js';
+import type { FactStore } from '../storage/fact_store/index.js';
+import type { NoteStore } from '../storage/note_store/note_store.js';
+import type { PrivateEventStore } from '../storage/private_event_store/private_event_store.js';
+import type { ChangeSetId } from '../storage/staged_write_coordinator.js';
+import type { RecipientTaggingStore } from '../storage/tagging_store/recipient_tagging_store.js';
+import type { SenderTaggingStore } from '../storage/tagging_store/sender_tagging_store.js';
+import type { TaggingSecretSourcesStore } from '../storage/tagging_store/tagging_secret_sources_store.js';
+import { AnchoredContractData } from './anchored_contract_data.js';
+import { ExecutionNoteCache } from './execution_note_cache.js';
+import { ExecutionTaggingIndexCache } from './execution_tagging_index_cache.js';
+import { HashedValuesCache } from './hashed_values_cache.js';
+import { buildACIRCallback } from './oracle/acir_callback.js';
+import { executePrivateFunction } from './oracle/private_execution.js';
+import { PrivateExecutionOracle } from './oracle/private_execution_oracle.js';
+import { UtilityExecutionOracle } from './oracle/utility_execution_oracle.js';
+import { TransientArrayService } from './transient_array_service.js';
+
+/** Options for ContractFunctionSimulator.run. */
+export type ContractSimulatorRunOpts = {
+  /** The address calling the function. Can be replaced to simulate a call from another contract or account. */
+  msgSender?: AztecAddress;
+  /** The block header to use as base state for this run. */
+  anchorBlockHeader: BlockHeader;
+  /** The address used as a tagging sender when emitting private logs. */
+  senderForTags?: AztecAddress;
+  /** The accounts whose notes we can access in this call. */
+  scopes: AztecAddress[];
+  /** The change set ID for staged writes. */
+  changeSetId: ChangeSetId;
+};
+
+/** Args for ContractFunctionSimulator constructor. */
+export type ContractFunctionSimulatorArgs = {
+  contractStore: ContractStore;
+  contractClassService: ContractClassService;
+  /** Per-simulation contract overrides. */
+  overrides?: ContractOverrides;
+  noteStore: NoteStore;
+  keyStore: KeyStore;
+  addressStore: AddressStore;
+  aztecNode: AztecNode;
+  l2TipsStore: L2TipsProvider;
+  senderTaggingStore: SenderTaggingStore;
+  recipientTaggingStore: RecipientTaggingStore;
+  taggingSecretSourcesStore: TaggingSecretSourcesStore;
+  capsuleStore: CapsuleStore;
+  factStore: FactStore;
+  privateEventStore: PrivateEventStore;
+  simulator: CircuitSimulator;
+  contractSyncService: ContractSyncService;
+  txResolver: TxResolverService;
+  hooks?: ExecutionHooks;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The contract function simulator.
+ */
+export class ContractFunctionSimulator {
+  private readonly log: Logger;
+  private readonly contractStore: ContractStore;
+  private readonly contractClassService: ContractClassService;
+  private readonly overrides: ContractOverrides | undefined;
+  private readonly noteStore: NoteStore;
+  private readonly keyStore: KeyStore;
+  private readonly addressStore: AddressStore;
+  private readonly aztecNode: AztecNode;
+  private readonly l2TipsStore: L2TipsProvider;
+  private readonly senderTaggingStore: SenderTaggingStore;
+  private readonly recipientTaggingStore: RecipientTaggingStore;
+  private readonly taggingSecretSourcesStore: TaggingSecretSourcesStore;
+  private readonly capsuleStore: CapsuleStore;
+  private readonly factStore: FactStore;
+  private readonly privateEventStore: PrivateEventStore;
+  private readonly simulator: CircuitSimulator;
+  private readonly contractSyncService: ContractSyncService;
+  private readonly txResolver: TxResolverService;
+  private readonly hooks: ExecutionHooks | undefined;
+
+  constructor(args: ContractFunctionSimulatorArgs) {
+    this.contractStore = args.contractStore;
+    this.contractClassService = args.contractClassService;
+    this.overrides = args.overrides;
+    this.noteStore = args.noteStore;
+    this.keyStore = args.keyStore;
+    this.addressStore = args.addressStore;
+    this.aztecNode = args.aztecNode;
+    this.l2TipsStore = args.l2TipsStore;
+    this.senderTaggingStore = args.senderTaggingStore;
+    this.recipientTaggingStore = args.recipientTaggingStore;
+    this.taggingSecretSourcesStore = args.taggingSecretSourcesStore;
+    this.capsuleStore = args.capsuleStore;
+    this.factStore = args.factStore;
+    this.privateEventStore = args.privateEventStore;
+    this.simulator = args.simulator;
+    this.contractSyncService = args.contractSyncService;
+    this.txResolver = args.txResolver;
+    this.hooks = args.hooks;
+    this.log = createLogger('simulator');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs a private function.
+   * @param request - The transaction request.
+   */
+  public async run(
+    request: TxExecutionRequest,
+    {
+      msgSender = AztecAddress.NULL_MSG_SENDER,
+      anchorBlockHeader,
+      senderForTags,
+      scopes,
+      changeSetId,
+    }: ContractSimulatorRunOpts,
+  ): Promise<PrivateExecutionResult> {
+    const simulatorSetupTimer = new Timer();
+
+    const contractAddress = request.origin;
+
+    const anchoredContractData = new AnchoredContractData(
+      this.contractStore,
+      this.contractClassService,
+      anchorBlockHeader,
+      this.overrides,
+    );
+
+    const entryPointArtifact = await anchoredContractData.getFunctionArtifactWithDebugMetadata(
+      contractAddress,
+      request.functionSelector,
+    );
+    if (!entryPointArtifact) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Cannot run function ${request.functionSelector} on ${contractAddress}: the contract is not registered. ` +
+          `Register it via wallet.registerContract(...).`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (entryPointArtifact.functionType !== FunctionType.PRIVATE) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot run ${entryPointArtifact.functionType} function as private`);
+    }
+
+    // reserve the first side effect for the tx hash (inserted by the private kernel)
+    const startSideEffectCounter = 2;
+
+    const callContext = new CallContext(
+      msgSender,
+      contractAddress,
+      await FunctionSelector.fromNameAndParameters(entryPointArtifact.name, entryPointArtifact.parameters),
+      entryPointArtifact.isStatic,
+    );
+
+    const protocolNullifier = await computeProtocolNullifier(await request.toTxRequest().hash());
+    const noteCache = new ExecutionNoteCache(protocolNullifier);
+    const taggingIndexCache = new ExecutionTaggingIndexCache();
+
+    // One shared transient store for the whole execution tree rooted at this transaction. Threaded into every child
+    // private oracle and inherited by nested utility frames, so that frames of the same contract see each other's
+    // transient arrays, then discarded when run() returns.
+    const transientArrayService = new TransientArrayService();
+
+    const privateExecutionOracle = new PrivateExecutionOracle({
+      argsHash: request.firstCallArgsHash,
+      txContext: request.txContext,
+      txRequestSalt: request.salt,
+      callContext,
+      anchorBlockHeader,
+      utilityExecutor: async (call, execScopes) => {
+        await this.runUtility(call, [], anchorBlockHeader, execScopes, changeSetId);
+      },
+      authWitnesses: request.authWitnesses,
+      capsules: request.capsules,
+      executionCache: HashedValuesCache.create(request.argsOfCalls),
+      noteCache,
+      taggingIndexCache,
+      anchoredContractData,
+      noteStore: this.noteStore,
+      keyStore: this.keyStore,
+      addressStore: this.addressStore,
+      aztecNode: this.aztecNode,
+      senderTaggingStore: this.senderTaggingStore,
+      recipientTaggingStore: this.recipientTaggingStore,
+      taggingSecretSourcesStore: this.taggingSecretSourcesStore,
+      capsuleService: new CapsuleService(this.capsuleStore, scopes),
+      factService: new FactService(this.factStore, scopes),
+      privateEventStore: this.privateEventStore,
+      txResolver: this.txResolver,
+      contractSyncService: this.contractSyncService,
+      changeSetId,
+      totalPublicCalldataCount: 0,
+      sideEffectCounter: startSideEffectCounter,
+      scopes,
+      senderForTags,
+      simulator: this.simulator,
+      l2TipsStore: this.l2TipsStore,
+      hooks: this.hooks,
+      transientArrayService,
+    });
+
+    const setupTime = simulatorSetupTimer.ms();
+
+    try {
+      // Note: any nested private function calls are made recursively within this
+      // function call. So this execution result is the result of executing _all_
+      // private functions of this tx (the results of those executions are contained
+      // within executionResult.nestedExecutionResults).
+      const executionResult = await executePrivateFunction(
+        this.simulator,
+        privateExecutionOracle,
+        entryPointArtifact,
+        contractAddress,
+        request.functionSelector,
+      );
+      const simulatorTeardownTimer = new Timer();
+
+      const firstNullifierHint = noteCache.getNonceGenerator();
+
+      const publicCallRequests = collectNested([executionResult], r =>
+        r.publicInputs.publicCallRequests
+          .getActiveItems()
+          .map(r => r.inner)
+          .concat(r.publicInputs.publicTeardownCallRequest.isEmpty() ? [] : [r.publicInputs.publicTeardownCallRequest]),
+      );
+      const publicFunctionsCalldata = await allToCompletion(
+        publicCallRequests.map(async r => {
+          const calldata = await privateExecutionOracle.getHashPreimage(r.calldataHash);
+          return new HashedValues(calldata, r.calldataHash);
+        }),
+      );
+
+      const teardownTime = simulatorTeardownTimer.ms();
+
+      // Add simulator overhead to topmost call in the stack
+      if (executionResult.profileResult) {
+        executionResult.profileResult.timings.witgen += setupTime + teardownTime;
+      }
+
+      // Not to be confused with a PrivateCallExecutionResult. This is a superset
+      // of the PrivateCallExecutionResult, containing also firstNullifierHint
+      // and publicFunctionsCalldata.
+      return new PrivateExecutionResult(executionResult, firstNullifierHint, publicFunctionsCalldata);
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw createSimulationError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error('Unknown error during private execution'));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Runs a utility function.
+   * @param call - The function call to execute.
+   * @returns A return value of the utility function in a form as returned by the simulator (Noir fields)
+   */
+  public async runUtility(
+    call: FunctionCall,
+    authwits: AuthWitness[],
+    anchorBlockHeader: BlockHeader,
+    scopes: AztecAddress[],
+    changeSetId: ChangeSetId,
+  ): Promise<{ result: Fr[]; offchainEffects: OffchainEffect[] }> {
+    const anchoredContractData = new AnchoredContractData(
+      this.contractStore,
+      this.contractClassService,
+      anchorBlockHeader,
+      this.overrides,
+    );
+
+    const entryPointArtifact = await anchoredContractData.getFunctionArtifactWithDebugMetadata(call.to, call.selector);
+    if (!entryPointArtifact) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Cannot run function ${call.selector} on ${call.to}: the contract is not registered. ` +
+          `Register it via wallet.registerContract(...).`,
+      );
+    }
+
+    if (entryPointArtifact.functionType !== FunctionType.UTILITY) {
+      throw new Error(`Cannot run ${entryPointArtifact.functionType} function as utility`);
+    }
+
+    const utilityExecutor = async (syncCall: FunctionCall, execScopes: AztecAddress[]) => {
+      await this.runUtility(syncCall, [], anchorBlockHeader, execScopes, changeSetId);
+    };
+
+    const oracle = new UtilityExecutionOracle({
+      callContext: CallContext.from({
+        msgSender: AztecAddress.NULL_MSG_SENDER,
+        contractAddress: call.to,
+        functionSelector: call.selector,
+        isStaticCall: true,
+      }),
+      authWitnesses: authwits,
+      capsules: [],
+      anchorBlockHeader,
+      anchoredContractData,
+      noteStore: this.noteStore,
+      keyStore: this.keyStore,
+      addressStore: this.addressStore,
+      aztecNode: this.aztecNode,
+      recipientTaggingStore: this.recipientTaggingStore,
+      taggingSecretSourcesStore: this.taggingSecretSourcesStore,
+      capsuleService: new CapsuleService(this.capsuleStore, scopes),
+      factService: new FactService(this.factStore, scopes),
+      privateEventStore: this.privateEventStore,
+      txResolver: this.txResolver,
+      contractSyncService: this.contractSyncService,
+      l2TipsStore: this.l2TipsStore,
+      changeSetId,
+      scopes,
+      simulator: this.simulator,
+      hooks: this.hooks,
+      utilityExecutor,
+      // Execution-tree root (top-level utility run or contract sync): own store; nested frames inherit it.
+      transientArrayService: new TransientArrayService(),
+    });
+
+    try {
+      this.log.verbose(`Executing utility function ${entryPointArtifact.name}`, {
+        contract: call.to,
+        selector: call.selector,
+      });
+
+      const initialWitness = toACVMWitness(0, call.args);
+      const acirExecutionResult = await this.simulator
+        .executeUserCircuit(initialWitness, entryPointArtifact, buildACIRCallback(oracle))
+        .catch((err: Error) => {
+          err.message = resolveAssertionMessageFromError(err, entryPointArtifact);
+          throw new ExecutionError(
+            err.message,
+            {
+              contractAddress: call.to,
+              functionSelector: call.selector,
+            },
+            extractCallStack(err, entryPointArtifact.debug),
+            { cause: err },
+          );
+        });
+
+      this.log.verbose(`Utility execution for ${call.to}.${call.selector} completed`);
+      return {
+        result: witnessMapToFields(acirExecutionResult.returnWitness),
+        offchainEffects: oracle.getOffchainEffects(),
+      };
+    } catch (err) {
+      throw createSimulationError(err instanceof Error ? err : new Error('Unknown error during private execution'));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+class OrderedSideEffect<T> {
+  sideEffect: T;
+  counter: number;
+
+  constructor(sideEffect: T, counter: number) {
+    this.sideEffect = sideEffect;
+    this.counter = counter;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates the final public inputs of the tail kernel circuit, an empty Chonk proof
+ * and the execution steps for a `PrivateExecutionResult` as if it had been
+ * processed by the private kernel prover. This skips many of the checks performed by the kernels
+ * (allowing state overrides) and is much faster, while still generating a valid
+ * output that can be sent to the node for public simulation
+ * @param privateExecutionResult - The result of the private execution.
+ * @param debugFunctionNameGetter - A provider for contract data in order to get function names and debug info.
+ * @param node - AztecNode for verifying settled read requests against the note hash and nullifier trees.
+ * @param minRevertibleSideEffectCounterOverride - Optional override for the min revertible side effect counter.
+ * Used by TXE to simulate account contract behavior (setting the counter before app execution).
+ * @returns The simulated proving result.
+ */
+export async function generateSimulatedProvingResult(
+  privateExecutionResult: PrivateExecutionResult,
+  debugFunctionNameGetter: (contractAddress: AztecAddress, functionSelector: FunctionSelector) => Promise<string>,
+  node: AztecNode,
+  minRevertibleSideEffectCounterOverride?: number,
+): Promise<PrivateKernelExecutionProofOutput<PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs>> {
+  const taggedPrivateLogs: OrderedSideEffect<PrivateLogData>[] = [];
+  const l2ToL1Messages: OrderedSideEffect<ScopedL2ToL1Message>[] = [];
+  const contractClassLogsHashes: OrderedSideEffect<ScopedLogHash>[] = [];
+  const publicCallRequests: OrderedSideEffect<PublicCallRequest>[] = [];
+  const executionSteps: PrivateExecutionStep[] = [];
+
+  // Unsiloed scoped arrays — used for squashing, read request verification,
+  // and siloed at the end only for the surviving items
+  const scopedNoteHashes: ScopedNoteHash[] = [];
+  const scopedNullifiers: ScopedNullifier[] = [];
+
+  // Read requests for verification
+  const noteHashReadRequests: ScopedReadRequest[] = [];
+  const nullifierReadRequests: ScopedReadRequest[] = [];
+
+  let publicTeardownCallRequest;
+
+  // We set expiration timestamp to anchor_block_timestamp + MAX_TX_LIFETIME (24h) just like kernels do
+  let expirationTimestamp =
+    privateExecutionResult.entrypoint.publicInputs.anchorBlockHeader.globalVariables.timestamp +
+    BigInt(MAX_TX_LIFETIME);
+
+  let feePayer = AztecAddress.zero();
+
+  const executions = [privateExecutionResult.entrypoint];
+
+  while (executions.length !== 0) {
+    const execution = executions.shift()!;
+    executions.unshift(...execution!.nestedExecutionResults);
+
+    // Just like kernels we overwrite the default value if the call sets it.
+    const callExpirationTimestamp = execution.publicInputs.expirationTimestamp;
+    if (callExpirationTimestamp !== 0n && callExpirationTimestamp < expirationTimestamp) {
+      expirationTimestamp = callExpirationTimestamp;
+    }
+
+    const { contractAddress } = execution.publicInputs.callContext;
+
+    if (execution.publicInputs.isFeePayer) {
+      if (!feePayer.isZero()) {
+        throw new Error('Multiple fee payers found in private execution result');
+      }
+      feePayer = contractAddress;
+    }
+
+    scopedNoteHashes.push(
+      ...execution.publicInputs.noteHashes
+        .getActiveItems()
+        .filter(nh => !nh.isEmpty())
+        .map(nh => nh.scope(contractAddress)),
+    );
+    scopedNullifiers.push(...execution.publicInputs.nullifiers.getActiveItems().map(n => n.scope(contractAddress)));
+
+    taggedPrivateLogs.push(
+      ...(await allToCompletion(
+        execution.publicInputs.privateLogs.getActiveItems().map(async metadata => {
+          metadata.log.fields[0] = await computeSiloedPrivateLogFirstField(contractAddress, metadata.log.fields[0]);
+          return new OrderedSideEffect(metadata, metadata.counter);
+        }),
+      )),
+    );
+
+    noteHashReadRequests.push(...execution.publicInputs.noteHashReadRequests.getActiveItems());
+    nullifierReadRequests.push(...execution.publicInputs.nullifierReadRequests.getActiveItems());
+    l2ToL1Messages.push(
+      ...execution.publicInputs.l2ToL1Msgs
+        .getActiveItems()
+        .map(message => new OrderedSideEffect(message.message.scope(contractAddress), message.counter)),
+    );
+    contractClassLogsHashes.push(
+      ...execution.publicInputs.contractClassLogsHashes
+        .getActiveItems()
+        .map(
+          contractClassLogHash =>
+            new OrderedSideEffect(contractClassLogHash.logHash.scope(contractAddress), contractClassLogHash.counter),
+        ),
+    );
+    publicCallRequests.push(
+      ...execution.publicInputs.publicCallRequests
+        .getActiveItems()
+        .map(callRequest => new OrderedSideEffect(callRequest.inner, callRequest.counter)),
+    );
+
+    if (publicTeardownCallRequest !== undefined && !execution.publicInputs.publicTeardownCallRequest.isEmpty()) {
+      throw new Error('Trying to set multiple teardown requests');
+    }
+
+    publicTeardownCallRequest = execution.publicInputs.publicTeardownCallRequest.isEmpty()
+      ? publicTeardownCallRequest
+      : execution.publicInputs.publicTeardownCallRequest;
+
+    executionSteps.push({
+      functionName: await debugFunctionNameGetter(
+        execution.publicInputs.callContext.contractAddress,
+        execution.publicInputs.callContext.functionSelector,
+      ),
+      timings: execution.profileResult?.timings ?? { witgen: 0, oracles: {} },
+      kind: CircuitKind.App,
+      bytecode: execution.acir,
+      vk: execution.vk,
+      witness: execution.partialWitness,
+    });
+  }
+
+  const noteHashNullifierCounterMap = collectNoteHashNullifierCounterMap(privateExecutionResult);
+  const minRevertibleSideEffectCounter =
+    minRevertibleSideEffectCounterOverride ?? getFinalMinRevertibleSideEffectCounter(privateExecutionResult);
+
+  const scopedNoteHashesCLA = new ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedNoteHash, typeof MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX>(
+    padArrayEnd(scopedNoteHashes, ScopedNoteHash.empty(), MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX),
+    scopedNoteHashes.length,
+  );
+  const scopedNullifiersCLA = new ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedNullifier, typeof MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX>(
+    padArrayEnd(scopedNullifiers, ScopedNullifier.empty(), MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX),
+    scopedNullifiers.length,
+  );
+
+  const { filteredNoteHashes, filteredNullifiers, filteredPrivateLogs } = squashTransientSideEffects(
+    taggedPrivateLogs,
+    scopedNoteHashesCLA,
+    scopedNullifiersCLA,
+    noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
+    minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+  );
+
+  await verifyReadRequests(
+    node,
+    await privateExecutionResult.entrypoint.publicInputs.anchorBlockHeader.hash(),
+    noteHashReadRequests,
+    nullifierReadRequests,
+    scopedNoteHashesCLA,
+    scopedNullifiersCLA,
+  );
+
+  const siloedNoteHashes = await allToCompletion(
+    filteredNoteHashes
+      .sort((a, b) => a.counter - b.counter)
+      .map(async nh => new OrderedSideEffect(await siloNoteHash(nh.contractAddress, nh.value), nh.counter)),
+  );
+  const siloedNullifiers = await allToCompletion(
+    filteredNullifiers
+      .sort((a, b) => a.counter - b.counter)
+      .map(async n => new OrderedSideEffect(await siloNullifier(n.contractAddress, n.value), n.counter)),
+  );
+
+  const constantData = new TxConstantData(
+    privateExecutionResult.entrypoint.publicInputs.anchorBlockHeader,
+    privateExecutionResult.entrypoint.publicInputs.txContext,
+    getVKTreeRoot(),
+    protocolContractsHash,
+  );
+
+  const hasPublicCalls = privateExecutionResult.publicFunctionCalldata.length !== 0;
+  let inputsForRollup;
+  let inputsForPublic;
+  let gasUsed;
+
+  const sortByCounter = <T>(a: OrderedSideEffect<T>, b: OrderedSideEffect<T>) => a.counter - b.counter;
+  const getEffect = <T>(orderedSideEffect: OrderedSideEffect<T>) => orderedSideEffect.sideEffect;
+
+  const isPrivateOnlyTx = privateExecutionResult.publicFunctionCalldata.length === 0;
+
+  const [nonRevertibleNullifiers, revertibleNullifiers] = splitOrderedSideEffects(
+    siloedNullifiers,
+    minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+  );
+  // The protocol nullifier is the nonce generator and the tx's first nullifier. It is injected by the
+  // init kernel (at counter 1, index 0) rather than emitted by any private call, so it is absent from
+  // the executed nullifiers above. Mirror the kernel here by prepending it as the first non-revertible
+  // nullifier.
+  const nonceGenerator = privateExecutionResult.firstNullifier;
+  nonRevertibleNullifiers.unshift(nonceGenerator);
+
+  if (isPrivateOnlyTx) {
+    // We must make the note hashes unique by using the
+    // nonce generator and their index in the tx.
+    const uniqueNoteHashes = await allToCompletion(
+      siloedNoteHashes.map(async (orderedSideEffect, i) => {
+        const siloedNoteHash = orderedSideEffect.sideEffect;
+        const nonce = await computeNoteHashNonce(nonceGenerator, i);
+        const uniqueNoteHash = await computeUniqueNoteHash(nonce, siloedNoteHash);
+        return uniqueNoteHash;
+      }),
+    );
+    const accumulatedDataForRollup = new PrivateToRollupAccumulatedData(
+      padArrayEnd(uniqueNoteHashes, Fr.ZERO, MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertibleNullifiers.concat(revertibleNullifiers), Fr.ZERO, MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(
+        l2ToL1Messages.sort(sortByCounter).map(getEffect),
+        ScopedL2ToL1Message.empty(),
+        MAX_L2_TO_L1_MSGS_PER_TX,
+      ),
+      padArrayEnd(filteredPrivateLogs.sort(sortByCounter).map(getEffect), PrivateLog.empty(), MAX_PRIVATE_LOGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(
+        contractClassLogsHashes.sort(sortByCounter).map(getEffect),
+        ScopedLogHash.empty(),
+        MAX_CONTRACT_CLASS_LOGS_PER_TX,
+      ),
+    );
+    gasUsed = meterGasUsed(accumulatedDataForRollup, isPrivateOnlyTx);
+    inputsForRollup = new PartialPrivateTailPublicInputsForRollup(accumulatedDataForRollup);
+  } else {
+    const [nonRevertibleNoteHashes, revertibleNoteHashes] = splitOrderedSideEffects(
+      siloedNoteHashes,
+      minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+    );
+    const nonRevertibleUniqueNoteHashes = await allToCompletion(
+      nonRevertibleNoteHashes.map(async (noteHash, i) => {
+        const nonce = await computeNoteHashNonce(nonceGenerator, i);
+        return await computeUniqueNoteHash(nonce, noteHash);
+      }),
+    );
+    const [nonRevertibleL2ToL1Messages, revertibleL2ToL1Messages] = splitOrderedSideEffects(
+      l2ToL1Messages.sort(sortByCounter),
+      minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+    );
+    const [nonRevertibleTaggedPrivateLogs, revertibleTaggedPrivateLogs] = splitOrderedSideEffects(
+      filteredPrivateLogs,
+      minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+    );
+    const [nonRevertibleContractClassLogHashes, revertibleContractClassLogHashes] = splitOrderedSideEffects(
+      contractClassLogsHashes.sort(sortByCounter),
+      minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+    );
+    const [nonRevertiblePublicCallRequests, revertiblePublicCallRequests] = splitOrderedSideEffects(
+      publicCallRequests.sort(sortByCounter),
+      minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+    );
+
+    const nonRevertibleData = new PrivateToPublicAccumulatedData(
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertibleUniqueNoteHashes, Fr.ZERO, MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertibleNullifiers, Fr.ZERO, MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertibleL2ToL1Messages, ScopedL2ToL1Message.empty(), MAX_L2_TO_L1_MSGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertibleTaggedPrivateLogs, PrivateLog.empty(), MAX_PRIVATE_LOGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertibleContractClassLogHashes, ScopedLogHash.empty(), MAX_CONTRACT_CLASS_LOGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(nonRevertiblePublicCallRequests, PublicCallRequest.empty(), MAX_ENQUEUED_CALLS_PER_TX),
+    );
+
+    const revertibleData = new PrivateToPublicAccumulatedData(
+      padArrayEnd(revertibleNoteHashes, Fr.ZERO, MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(revertibleNullifiers, Fr.ZERO, MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(revertibleL2ToL1Messages, ScopedL2ToL1Message.empty(), MAX_L2_TO_L1_MSGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(revertibleTaggedPrivateLogs, PrivateLog.empty(), MAX_PRIVATE_LOGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(revertibleContractClassLogHashes, ScopedLogHash.empty(), MAX_CONTRACT_CLASS_LOGS_PER_TX),
+      padArrayEnd(revertiblePublicCallRequests, PublicCallRequest.empty(), MAX_ENQUEUED_CALLS_PER_TX),
+    );
+    gasUsed = meterGasUsed(revertibleData, isPrivateOnlyTx).add(meterGasUsed(nonRevertibleData, isPrivateOnlyTx));
+    if (publicTeardownCallRequest) {
+      gasUsed = gasUsed.add(privateExecutionResult.entrypoint.publicInputs.txContext.gasSettings.teardownGasLimits);
+    }
+
+    inputsForPublic = new PartialPrivateTailPublicInputsForPublic(
+      nonRevertibleData,
+      revertibleData,
+      publicTeardownCallRequest ?? PublicCallRequest.empty(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  const publicInputs = new PrivateKernelTailCircuitPublicInputs(
+    constantData,
+    /*gasUsed=*/ gasUsed.add(
+      Gas.from({
+        l2Gas: isPrivateOnlyTx ? PRIVATE_TX_L2_GAS_OVERHEAD : PUBLIC_TX_L2_GAS_OVERHEAD,
+        daGas: TX_DA_GAS_OVERHEAD,
+      }),
+    ),
+    /*feePayer=*/ feePayer,
+    /*expirationTimestamp=*/ expirationTimestamp,
+    hasPublicCalls ? inputsForPublic : undefined,
+    !hasPublicCalls ? inputsForRollup : undefined,
+  );
+
+  return {
+    publicInputs,
+    chonkProof: ChonkProof.empty(),
+    executionSteps,
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Squashes transient note hashes and nullifiers, mimicking the behavior
+ * of the reset kernels. Returns the filtered (surviving) scoped items and private logs.
+ */
+function squashTransientSideEffects(
+  taggedPrivateLogs: OrderedSideEffect<PrivateLogData>[],
+  scopedNoteHashesCLA: ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedNoteHash, typeof MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX>,
+  scopedNullifiersCLA: ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedNullifier, typeof MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX>,
+  noteHashNullifierCounterMap: Map<number, number>,
+  minRevertibleSideEffectCounter: number,
+) {
+  const { numTransientData, hints: transientDataHints } = buildTransientDataHints(
+    scopedNoteHashesCLA,
+    scopedNullifiersCLA,
+    /*futureNoteHashReads=*/ [],
+    /*futureNullifierReads=*/ [],
+    /*futureLogs=*/ [],
+    noteHashNullifierCounterMap,
+    minRevertibleSideEffectCounter,
+  );
+
+  const squashedNoteHashCounters = new Set<number>();
+  const squashedNullifierCounters = new Set<number>();
+  for (let i = 0; i < numTransientData; i++) {
+    const hint = transientDataHints[i];
+    squashedNoteHashCounters.add(scopedNoteHashesCLA.array[hint.noteHashIndex].counter);
+    squashedNullifierCounters.add(scopedNullifiersCLA.array[hint.nullifierIndex].counter);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    filteredNoteHashes: scopedNoteHashesCLA.getActiveItems().filter(nh => !squashedNoteHashCounters.has(nh.counter)),
+    filteredNullifiers: scopedNullifiersCLA.getActiveItems().filter(n => !squashedNullifierCounters.has(n.counter)),
+    filteredPrivateLogs: taggedPrivateLogs
+      .filter(item => !squashedNoteHashCounters.has(item.sideEffect.noteHashCounter))
+      .map(item => new OrderedSideEffect(item.sideEffect.log, item.counter)),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Verifies settled read requests by checking membership in the note hash and nullifier trees
+ * at the tx's anchor block, mimicking the behavior of the kernels
+ */
+async function verifyReadRequests(
+  node: Pick<AztecNode, 'findLeavesIndexes'>,
+  anchorBlockHash: BlockParameter,
+  noteHashReadRequests: ScopedReadRequest[],
+  nullifierReadRequests: ScopedReadRequest[],
+  scopedNoteHashesCLA: ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedNoteHash, typeof MAX_NOTE_HASHES_PER_TX>,
+  scopedNullifiersCLA: ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedNullifier, typeof MAX_NULLIFIERS_PER_TX>,
+) {
+  const noteHashReadRequestsCLA = new ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedReadRequest, typeof MAX_NOTE_HASH_READ_REQUESTS_PER_TX>(
+    padArrayEnd(noteHashReadRequests, ScopedReadRequest.empty(), MAX_NOTE_HASH_READ_REQUESTS_PER_TX),
+    noteHashReadRequests.length,
+  );
+  const nullifierReadRequestsCLA = new ClaimedLengthArray<ScopedReadRequest, typeof MAX_NULLIFIER_READ_REQUESTS_PER_TX>(
+    padArrayEnd(nullifierReadRequests, ScopedReadRequest.empty(), MAX_NULLIFIER_READ_REQUESTS_PER_TX),
+    nullifierReadRequests.length,
+  );
+
+  const noteHashResetActions = getNoteHashReadRequestResetActions(noteHashReadRequestsCLA, scopedNoteHashesCLA);
+  const nullifierResetActions = getNullifierReadRequestResetActions(nullifierReadRequestsCLA, scopedNullifiersCLA);
+
+  const settledNoteHashReads: { index: number; value: Fr }[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < noteHashResetActions.actions.length; i++) {
+    if (noteHashResetActions.actions[i] === ReadRequestActionEnum.READ_AS_SETTLED) {
+      settledNoteHashReads.push({ index: i, value: noteHashReadRequests[i].value });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const settledNullifierReads: { index: number; value: Fr }[] = [];
+  for (let i = 0; i < nullifierResetActions.actions.length; i++) {
+    if (nullifierResetActions.actions[i] === ReadRequestActionEnum.READ_AS_SETTLED) {
+      settledNullifierReads.push({ index: i, value: nullifierReadRequests[i].value });
+    }
+  }
+
+  const [noteHashResults, nullifierResults] = await allToCompletion([
+    settledNoteHashReads.length > 0
+      ? node.findLeavesIndexes(
+          anchorBlockHash,
+          MerkleTreeId.NOTE_HASH_TREE,
+          settledNoteHashReads.map(({ value }) => value),
+        )
+      : [],
+    settledNullifierReads.length > 0
+      ? node.findLeavesIndexes(
+          anchorBlockHash,
+          MerkleTreeId.NULLIFIER_TREE,
+          settledNullifierReads.map(({ value }) => value),
+        )
+      : [],
+  ]);
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < settledNoteHashReads.length; i++) {
+    if (!noteHashResults[i]) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Note hash read request at index ${settledNoteHashReads[i].index} is reading an unknown note hash: ${settledNoteHashReads[i].value}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < settledNullifierReads.length; i++) {
+    if (!nullifierResults[i]) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Nullifier read request at index ${settledNullifierReads[i].index} is reading an unknown nullifier: ${settledNullifierReads[i].value}`,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function splitOrderedSideEffects<T>(effects: OrderedSideEffect<T>[], minRevertibleSideEffectCounter: number) {
+  const revertibleSideEffects: T[] = [];
+  const nonRevertibleSideEffects: T[] = [];
+  effects.forEach(effect => {
+    if (minRevertibleSideEffectCounter === 0 || effect.counter < minRevertibleSideEffectCounter) {
+      nonRevertibleSideEffects.push(effect.sideEffect);
+    } else {
+      revertibleSideEffects.push(effect.sideEffect);
+    }
+  });
+  return [nonRevertibleSideEffects, revertibleSideEffects];
+}
+
+function meterGasUsed(data: PrivateToRollupAccumulatedData | PrivateToPublicAccumulatedData, isPrivateOnlyTx: boolean) {
+  let meteredDAFields = 0;
+  let meteredL2Gas = 0;
+
+  const numNoteHashes = arrayNonEmptyLength(data.noteHashes, hash => hash.isEmpty());
+  meteredDAFields += numNoteHashes;
+  const noteHashBaseGas = isPrivateOnlyTx ? L2_GAS_PER_NOTE_HASH : AVM_EMITNOTEHASH_BASE_L2_GAS;
+  meteredL2Gas += numNoteHashes * noteHashBaseGas;
+
+  const numNullifiers = arrayNonEmptyLength(data.nullifiers, nullifier => nullifier.isEmpty());
+  meteredDAFields += numNullifiers;
+  const nullifierBaseGas = isPrivateOnlyTx ? L2_GAS_PER_NULLIFIER : AVM_EMITNULLIFIER_BASE_L2_GAS;
+  meteredL2Gas += numNullifiers * nullifierBaseGas;
+
+  const numL2toL1Messages = arrayNonEmptyLength(data.l2ToL1Msgs, msg => msg.isEmpty());
+  meteredDAFields += numL2toL1Messages;
+  const l2ToL1MessageBaseGas = isPrivateOnlyTx ? L2_GAS_PER_L2_TO_L1_MSG : AVM_SENDL2TOL1MSG_BASE_L2_GAS;
+  meteredL2Gas += numL2toL1Messages * l2ToL1MessageBaseGas;
+
+  const numPrivatelogs = arrayNonEmptyLength(data.privateLogs, log => log.isEmpty());
+  // Every private log emits its length as an additional field
+  meteredDAFields += data.privateLogs.reduce((acc, log) => (!log.isEmpty() ? acc + log.emittedLength + 1 : acc), 0);
+  meteredL2Gas += numPrivatelogs * L2_GAS_PER_PRIVATE_LOG;
+
+  const numContractClassLogs = arrayNonEmptyLength(data.contractClassLogsHashes, log => log.isEmpty());
+  // Every contract class log emits its contract address as an additional field
+  meteredDAFields += data.contractClassLogsHashes.reduce(
+    (acc, log) => (!log.isEmpty() ? acc + log.logHash.length + 1 : acc),
+    0,
+  );
+  meteredL2Gas += numContractClassLogs * L2_GAS_PER_CONTRACT_CLASS_LOG;
+
+  if (isPrivateOnlyTx) {
+    // The public data write that the private tx base rollup always performs to update the fee payer's balance.
+    meteredDAFields += PUBLIC_DATA_WRITE_LENGTH;
+  }
+
+  const meteredDAGas = meteredDAFields * DA_GAS_PER_FIELD;
+
+  if ((data as PrivateToPublicAccumulatedData).publicCallRequests) {
+    const dataForPublic = data as PrivateToPublicAccumulatedData;
+
+    const numPublicCallRequests = arrayNonEmptyLength(dataForPublic.publicCallRequests, req => req.isEmpty());
+    meteredL2Gas += numPublicCallRequests * FIXED_AVM_STARTUP_L2_GAS;
+  }
+  return Gas.from({ l2Gas: meteredL2Gas, daGas: meteredDAGas });
+}