@aztec-labs/foundation 6.0.0-nightly.20260829

package/src/branded-types/checkpoint_number.ts

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+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import { isDefined } from '../types/index.js';
+import type { BlockNumber } from './block_number.js';
+import type { Branded } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * A branded type representing an checkpoint number.
+ * Checkpoints are used in the Aztec protocol to group L2 blocks.
+ *
+ * This is a nominal type backed by a number, but TypeScript will treat it as
+ * incompatible with plain numbers and other branded numeric types (like Slot, BlockNumber, etc.).
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const checkpoint = CheckpointNumber(5);
+ * const plainNumber: number = checkpoint; // OK - CheckpointNumber is assignable to number
+ * const checkpointFromNumber: CheckpointNumber = 5;  // ERROR - number is not assignable to CheckpointNumber
+ * ```
+ */
+export type CheckpointNumber = Branded<number, 'CheckpointNumber'>;
+
+/**
+ * Creates an CheckpointNumber from a number.
+ * @param value - The checkpoint number (must be a non-negative integer)
+ * @returns The branded CheckpointNumber value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or not an integer
+ */
+export function CheckpointNumber(value: number): CheckpointNumber {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
+    throw new Error(`CheckpointNumber must be an integer, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`CheckpointNumber must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  return value as CheckpointNumber;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param value - The block number
+ * @returns The branded CheckpointNumber value
+ *
+ * @deprecated Checkpoint number and block number should no longer convert to each other once we support multiple blocks
+ * per checkpoint everywhere.
+ */
+CheckpointNumber.fromBlockNumber = function (value: BlockNumber): CheckpointNumber {
+  return CheckpointNumber(value);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates an CheckpointNumber from a bigint.
+ * @param value - The checkpoint number as bigint (must be a non-negative integer within safe integer range)
+ * @returns The branded CheckpointNumber value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+ */
+CheckpointNumber.fromBigInt = function (value: bigint): CheckpointNumber {
+  if (value < 0n) {
+    throw new Error(`CheckpointNumber must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value > BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {
+    throw new Error(`CheckpointNumber ${value} exceeds MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`);
+  }
+  return Number(value) as CheckpointNumber;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates an CheckpointNumber from a string.
+ * @param value - The checkpoint number as a string
+ * @returns The branded CheckpointNumber value
+ * @throws If the string cannot be parsed as a valid checkpoint
+ */
+CheckpointNumber.fromString = function (value: string): CheckpointNumber {
+  const parsed = parseInt(value, 10);
+  if (isNaN(parsed)) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot parse CheckpointNumber from string: ${value}`);
+  }
+  return CheckpointNumber(parsed);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if a value is a valid CheckpointNumber.
+ * Note: At runtime, an CheckpointNumber is just a number, so this checks if the value
+ * is a non-negative integer.
+ */
+CheckpointNumber.isValid = function (value: unknown): value is CheckpointNumber {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value >= 0;
+};
+
+/** Increments a CheckpointNumber by a given value. */
+CheckpointNumber.add = function (n: CheckpointNumber, increment: number): CheckpointNumber {
+  return CheckpointNumber(n + increment);
+};
+
+/** Computes max of a set of checkpoint numbers, ignoring undefined values. */
+CheckpointNumber.max = function (...values: (CheckpointNumber | undefined)[]): CheckpointNumber | undefined {
+  const filtered = values.filter(isDefined);
+  if (filtered.length === 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  return CheckpointNumber(Math.max(...filtered));
+};
+
+/** The zero checkpoint value. */
+CheckpointNumber.ZERO = CheckpointNumber(0);
+
+/** Initial checkpoint. */
+CheckpointNumber.INITIAL = CheckpointNumber(1);
+
+/**
+ * Zod schema for parsing and validating CheckpointNumber values.
+ * Accepts numbers, bigints, or strings and coerces them to CheckpointNumber.
+ */
+function makeCheckpointNumberSchema(minValue: number) {
+  return z
+    .union([z.number(), z.bigint(), z.string()])
+    .pipe(z.coerce.number<string | number | bigint>().int().min(minValue))
+    .transform(value => CheckpointNumber(value));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Zod schema for parsing and validating Checkpoint values.
+ * Accepts numbers, bigints, or strings and coerces them to CheckpointNumber.
+ */
+export const CheckpointNumberSchema = makeCheckpointNumberSchema(0);
+
+/**
+ * Zod schema for parsing and validating CheckpointNumber values that are strictly positive.
+ * Accepts numbers, bigints, or strings and coerces them to CheckpointNumber.
+ */
+export const CheckpointNumberPositiveSchema = makeCheckpointNumberSchema(1);

package/src/branded-types/epoch.ts

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+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import type { Branded } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * A branded type representing an epoch number.
+ * Epochs are used in the Aztec protocol to group slots and manage validator committees.
+ *
+ * This is a nominal type backed by a number, but TypeScript will treat it as
+ * incompatible with plain numbers and other branded numeric types (like Slot, BlockNumber, etc.).
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const epoch = EpochNumber(5);
+ * const plainNumber: number = epoch; // OK - EpochNumber is assignable to number
+ * const epochFromNumber: EpochNumber = 5;  // ERROR - number is not assignable to EpochNumber
+ * ```
+ */
+export type EpochNumber = Branded<number, 'EpochNumber'>;
+
+/**
+ * Creates an EpochNumber from a number.
+ * @param value - The epoch number (must be a non-negative integer)
+ * @returns The branded EpochNumber value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or not an integer
+ */
+export function EpochNumber(value: number): EpochNumber {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
+    throw new Error(`EpochNumber must be an integer, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`EpochNumber must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  return value as EpochNumber;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an EpochNumber from a bigint.
+ * @param value - The epoch number as bigint (must be a non-negative integer within safe integer range)
+ * @returns The branded EpochNumber value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+ */
+EpochNumber.fromBigInt = function (value: bigint): EpochNumber {
+  if (value < 0n) {
+    throw new Error(`EpochNumber must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value > BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {
+    throw new Error(`EpochNumber ${value} exceeds MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`);
+  }
+  return Number(value) as EpochNumber;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates an EpochNumber from a string.
+ * @param value - The epoch number as a string
+ * @returns The branded EpochNumber value
+ * @throws If the string cannot be parsed as a valid epoch
+ */
+EpochNumber.fromString = function (value: string): EpochNumber {
+  const parsed = parseInt(value, 10);
+  if (isNaN(parsed)) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot parse EpochNumber from string: ${value}`);
+  }
+  return EpochNumber(parsed);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if a value is a valid EpochNumber.
+ * Note: At runtime, an EpochNumber is just a number, so this checks if the value
+ * is a non-negative integer.
+ */
+EpochNumber.isValid = function (value: unknown): value is EpochNumber {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value >= 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The zero epoch value.
+ */
+EpochNumber.ZERO = EpochNumber(0);
+
+/**
+ * Zod schema for parsing and validating EpochNumber values.
+ * Accepts numbers, bigints, or strings and coerces them to EpochNumber.
+ */
+export const EpochNumberSchema = z
+  .union([z.number(), z.bigint(), z.string()])
+  .pipe(z.coerce.number<string | number | bigint>().int().min(0))
+  .transform(value => EpochNumber(value));

package/src/branded-types/index.ts

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+export { BlockNumber, BlockNumberSchema, BlockNumberPositiveSchema } from './block_number.js';
+export { BlockProposalHash, CheckpointProposalHash } from './buffer32_hash.js';
+export { CheckpointNumber, CheckpointNumberSchema, CheckpointNumberPositiveSchema } from './checkpoint_number.js';
+export { EpochNumber, EpochNumberSchema } from './epoch.js';
+export { IndexWithinCheckpoint, IndexWithinCheckpointSchema } from './index_within_checkpoint.js';
+export { SlotNumber, SlotNumberSchema } from './slot.js';
+
+export type { Branded } from './types.js';

package/src/branded-types/index_within_checkpoint.ts

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+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import type { Branded } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * A branded type representing the index of a block within a checkpoint.
+ * The first block in a checkpoint has index 0, the second has index 1, etc.
+ *
+ * This is a nominal type backed by a number, but TypeScript will treat it as
+ * incompatible with plain numbers and other branded numeric types.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const index = IndexWithinCheckpoint(0);
+ * const plainNumber: number = index; // OK - IndexWithinCheckpoint is assignable to number
+ * const indexFromNumber: IndexWithinCheckpoint = 0;  // ERROR - number is not assignable to IndexWithinCheckpoint
+ * ```
+ */
+export type IndexWithinCheckpoint = Branded<number, 'IndexWithinCheckpoint'>;
+
+/**
+ * Creates an IndexWithinCheckpoint from a number.
+ * @param value - The index (must be a non-negative integer)
+ * @returns The branded IndexWithinCheckpoint value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or not an integer
+ */
+export function IndexWithinCheckpoint(value: number): IndexWithinCheckpoint {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
+    throw new Error(`IndexWithinCheckpoint must be an integer, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`IndexWithinCheckpoint must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  return value as IndexWithinCheckpoint;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates an IndexWithinCheckpoint from a bigint.
+ * @param value - The index as bigint (must be a non-negative integer within safe integer range)
+ * @returns The branded IndexWithinCheckpoint value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+ */
+IndexWithinCheckpoint.fromBigInt = function (value: bigint): IndexWithinCheckpoint {
+  if (value < 0n) {
+    throw new Error(`IndexWithinCheckpoint must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value > BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {
+    throw new Error(`IndexWithinCheckpoint ${value} exceeds MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`);
+  }
+  return Number(value) as IndexWithinCheckpoint;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates an IndexWithinCheckpoint from a string.
+ * @param value - The index as a string
+ * @returns The branded IndexWithinCheckpoint value
+ * @throws If the string cannot be parsed as a valid index
+ */
+IndexWithinCheckpoint.fromString = function (value: string): IndexWithinCheckpoint {
+  const parsed = parseInt(value, 10);
+  if (isNaN(parsed)) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot parse IndexWithinCheckpoint from string: ${value}`);
+  }
+  return IndexWithinCheckpoint(parsed);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if a value is a valid IndexWithinCheckpoint.
+ * Note: At runtime, an IndexWithinCheckpoint is just a number, so this checks if the value
+ * is a non-negative integer.
+ */
+IndexWithinCheckpoint.isValid = function (value: unknown): value is IndexWithinCheckpoint {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value >= 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * The zero index value (first block in checkpoint).
+ */
+IndexWithinCheckpoint.ZERO = IndexWithinCheckpoint(0);
+
+/**
+ * Zod schema for parsing and validating IndexWithinCheckpoint values.
+ * Accepts numbers, bigints, or strings and coerces them to IndexWithinCheckpoint.
+ */
+export const IndexWithinCheckpointSchema = z
+  .union([z.number(), z.bigint(), z.string()])
+  .pipe(z.coerce.number<string | number | bigint>().int().min(0))
+  .transform(value => IndexWithinCheckpoint(value));

package/src/branded-types/slot.ts

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+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+import type { Branded } from './types.js';
+
+/**
+ * A branded type representing a slot number.
+ * Slots are the fundamental time unit in the Aztec protocol, with multiple slots comprising an epoch.
+ *
+ * This is a nominal type backed by a number, but TypeScript will treat it as
+ * incompatible with plain numbers and other branded numeric types (like EpochNumber, BlockNumber, etc.).
+ *
+ * @example
+ * ```ts
+ * const slot = SlotNumber(5);
+ * const plainNumber: number = slot; // OK - SlotNumber is assignable to number
+ * const slotFromNumber: SlotNumber = 5;  // ERROR - number is not assignable to SlotNumber
+ * ```
+ */
+export type SlotNumber = Branded<number, 'SlotNumber'>;
+
+/**
+ * Creates a SlotNumber from a number.
+ * @param value - The slot number (must be a non-negative integer)
+ * @returns The branded SlotNumber value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or not an integer
+ */
+export function SlotNumber(value: number): SlotNumber {
+  if (!Number.isInteger(value)) {
+    throw new Error(`SlotNumber must be an integer, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value < 0) {
+    throw new Error(`SlotNumber must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  return value as SlotNumber;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a SlotNumber from a bigint.
+ * @param value - The slot number as bigint (must be a non-negative integer within safe integer range)
+ * @returns The branded SlotNumber value
+ * @throws If the value is negative or exceeds Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER
+ */
+SlotNumber.fromBigInt = function (value: bigint): SlotNumber {
+  if (value < 0n) {
+    throw new Error(`SlotNumber must be non-negative, got ${value}`);
+  }
+  if (value > BigInt(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER)) {
+    throw new Error(`SlotNumber ${value} exceeds MAX_SAFE_INTEGER`);
+  }
+  return Number(value) as SlotNumber;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Creates a SlotNumber from a string.
+ * @param value - The slot number as a string
+ * @returns The branded SlotNumber value
+ * @throws If the string cannot be parsed as a valid slot
+ */
+SlotNumber.fromString = function (value: string): SlotNumber {
+  const parsed = parseInt(value, 10);
+  if (isNaN(parsed)) {
+    throw new Error(`Cannot parse SlotNumber from string: ${value}`);
+  }
+  return SlotNumber(parsed);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Type guard to check if a value is a valid SlotNumber.
+ * Note: At runtime, a SlotNumber is just a number, so this checks if the value
+ * is a non-negative integer.
+ */
+SlotNumber.isValid = function (value: unknown): value is SlotNumber {
+  return typeof value === 'number' && Number.isInteger(value) && value >= 0;
+};
+
+/** Increments a SlotNumber by a given value. */
+SlotNumber.add = function (sn: SlotNumber, increment: number): SlotNumber {
+  return SlotNumber(sn + increment);
+};
+
+/**
+ * The zero slot value.
+ */
+SlotNumber.ZERO = SlotNumber(0);
+
+/**
+ * Zod schema for parsing and validating SlotNumber values.
+ * Accepts numbers, bigints, or strings and coerces them to SlotNumber.
+ */
+export const SlotNumberSchema = z
+  .union([z.number(), z.bigint(), z.string()])
+  .pipe(z.coerce.number<string | number | bigint>().int().min(0))
+  .transform(value => SlotNumber(value));

package/src/branded-types/types.ts

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+/** Adds a branding to a type for nominal typing. */
+export type Branded<T, Brand> = T & { _branding: Brand };

package/src/buffer/buffer16.ts

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+import { randomBytes } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/crypto/random';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { BufferReader, deserializeBigInt, serializeBigInt } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/serialize';
+import { inspect } from 'util';
+
+import { bufferToHex } from '../string/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * A class representing a 16 byte Buffer.
+ */
+export class Buffer16 {
+  /** Branding for nominal typing. */
+  declare private readonly _branding: 'Buffer16';
+
+  /**
+   * The size of the hash in bytes.
+   */
+  public static SIZE = 16;
+
+  /**
+   * Buffer16 with value zero.
+   */
+  public static ZERO = new Buffer16(Buffer.alloc(Buffer16.SIZE));
+
+  constructor(
+    /**
+     * The buffer containing the hash.
+     */
+    public buffer: Buffer,
+  ) {
+    if (buffer.length !== Buffer16.SIZE) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected buffer to have length ${Buffer16.SIZE} but was ${buffer.length}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the raw buffer of the hash.
+   * @returns The buffer containing the hash.
+   */
+  public toBuffer() {
+    return this.buffer;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Buffer16 from a buffer.
+   * @param buffer - The buffer to create from.
+   * @returns A new Buffer16 object.
+   */
+  public static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader) {
+    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
+    return new Buffer16(reader.readBytes(Buffer16.SIZE));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Checks if this hash and another hash are equal.
+   * @param hash - A hash to compare with.
+   * @returns True if the hashes are equal, false otherwise.
+   */
+  public equals(hash: Buffer16): boolean {
+    return this.buffer.equals(hash.buffer);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns true if this hash is zero.
+   * @returns True if this hash is zero.
+   */
+  public isZero(): boolean {
+    return this.buffer.equals(Buffer.alloc(16, 0));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert this hash to a hex string.
+   * @returns The hex string.
+   */
+  public toString() {
+    return bufferToHex(this.buffer);
+  }
+
+  [inspect.custom]() {
+    return `Buffer16<${this.toString()}>`;
+  }
+
+  toJSON() {
+    return this.toString();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Convert this hash to a big int.
+   * @returns The big int.
+   */
+  public toBigInt() {
+    return deserializeBigInt(this.buffer, 0, Buffer16.SIZE).elem;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a Buffer16 from a bigint.
+   */
+  public static fromBigInt(hash: bigint) {
+    return new Buffer16(serializeBigInt(hash, Buffer16.SIZE));
+  }
+
+  public static fromField(hash: Fr) {
+    return new Buffer16(serializeBigInt(hash.toBigInt()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a hex string into a Buffer16 object.
+   */
+  public static fromString(str: string): Buffer16 {
+    if (str.startsWith('0x')) {
+      str = str.slice(2);
+    }
+    if (str.length !== this.SIZE * 2) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected string to be ${this.SIZE * 2} characters long, but was ${str.length}`);
+    }
+    return new Buffer16(Buffer.from(str, 'hex'));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts a number into a Buffer16 object.
+   * @param num - The number to convert.
+   * @returns A new Buffer16 object.
+   */
+  public static fromNumber(num: number): Buffer16 {
+    return new Buffer16(serializeBigInt(BigInt(num), Buffer16.SIZE));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates a random Buffer16.
+   * @returns A new Buffer16 object.
+   */
+  public static random(): Buffer16 {
+    return new Buffer16(Buffer.from(randomBytes(Buffer16.SIZE)));
+  }
+}

package/src/buffer/buffer32.ts

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+import { randomBytes } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/crypto/random';
+import type { Fr } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/curves/bn254';
+import { BufferReader, deserializeBigInt, serializeBigInt } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/serialize';
+import { inspect } from 'util';
+
+import { bufferToHex } from '../string/index.js';
+
+/**
+ * Abstract unbranded base class for 32-byte buffers.
+ * Extend this instead of Buffer32 when defining a branded subtype
+ * to avoid inheriting Buffer32's `_branding`.
+ */
+export abstract class BaseBuffer32 {
+  /** The size of the buffer in bytes. */
+  public static SIZE = 32;
+
+  constructor(
+    /** The buffer containing the data. */
+    public buffer: Buffer,
+  ) {
+    if (buffer.length !== BaseBuffer32.SIZE) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected buffer to have length ${BaseBuffer32.SIZE} but was ${buffer.length}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Returns the raw buffer. */
+  public toBuffer() {
+    return this.buffer;
+  }
+
+  /** Checks if this and another buffer are equal. */
+  public equals(hash: BaseBuffer32): boolean {
+    return this.buffer.equals(hash.buffer);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns true if all bytes are zero. */
+  public isZero(): boolean {
+    return this.buffer.equals(Buffer.alloc(32, 0));
+  }
+
+  /** Convert to a hex string. */
+  public toString() {
+    return bufferToHex(this.buffer);
+  }
+
+  [inspect.custom]() {
+    return `Buffer32<${this.toString()}>`;
+  }
+
+  toJSON() {
+    return this.toString();
+  }
+
+  /** Convert to a big int. */
+  public toBigInt() {
+    return deserializeBigInt(this.buffer, 0, BaseBuffer32.SIZE).elem;
+  }
+}
+
+/** A branded 32-byte buffer. */
+export class Buffer32 extends BaseBuffer32 {
+  /** Branding for nominal typing. */
+  declare private readonly _branding: 'Buffer32';
+
+  /** Buffer32 with value zero. */
+  public static ZERO = new Buffer32(Buffer.alloc(Buffer32.SIZE));
+
+  /** Creates a Buffer32 from a buffer. */
+  public static fromBuffer(buffer: Buffer | BufferReader) {
+    const reader = BufferReader.asReader(buffer);
+    return new Buffer32(reader.readBytes(Buffer32.SIZE));
+  }
+
+  /** Creates a Buffer32 from a bigint. */
+  public static fromBigInt(hash: bigint) {
+    return new Buffer32(serializeBigInt(hash, Buffer32.SIZE));
+  }
+
+  public static fromField(hash: Fr) {
+    return new Buffer32(serializeBigInt(hash.toBigInt()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts from a buffer of 28 bytes.
+   * @param buffer - The 28 byte buffer to construct from.
+   * @returns A Buffer32 created from the input buffer with 4 bytes 0 padding at the front.
+   */
+  public static fromBuffer28(buffer: Buffer) {
+    if (buffer.length != 28) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected Buffer32 input buffer to be 28 bytes`);
+    }
+    const padded = Buffer.concat([Buffer.alloc(Buffer32.SIZE - 28), buffer]);
+    return new Buffer32(padded);
+  }
+
+  /** Converts a string into a Buffer32 object. */
+  public static fromString(str: string): Buffer32 {
+    if (str.startsWith('0x')) {
+      str = str.slice(2);
+    }
+    if (str.length !== Buffer32.SIZE * 2) {
+      throw new Error(`Expected string to be ${Buffer32.SIZE * 2} characters long, but was ${str.length}`);
+    }
+    return new Buffer32(Buffer.from(str, 'hex'));
+  }
+
+  /** Converts a number into a Buffer32 object. */
+  public static fromNumber(num: number): Buffer32 {
+    return new Buffer32(serializeBigInt(BigInt(num), Buffer32.SIZE));
+  }
+
+  /** Generates a random Buffer32. */
+  public static random(): Buffer32 {
+    return new Buffer32(Buffer.from(randomBytes(Buffer32.SIZE)));
+  }
+}

package/src/buffer/index.ts

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+export * from './buffer32.js';
+export * from './buffer16.js';
+export * from './utils.js';

package/src/buffer/utils.ts

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+/** Returns the number of bytes in the buffer, excluding any trailing zero bytes. */
+export function trimmedBytesLength(buf: Uint8Array): number {
+  let end = buf.length;
+  while (end > 0 && buf[end - 1] === 0) {
+    end--;
+  }
+  return end;
+}