@aztec-labs/blob-client 6.0.0-nightly.20260829

package/src/client/http.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,838 @@
+import { Blob, type BlobJson, computeEthVersionedBlobHash } from '@aztec-labs/blob-lib';
+import { makeL1HttpTransport } from '@aztec-labs/ethereum/client';
+import { shuffle } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/array';
+import { type Logger, createLogger } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/log';
+import { makeBackoff, retry } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/retry';
+import { bufferToHex, hexToBuffer } from '@aztec-labs/foundation/string';
+import { type RpcBlock, createPublicClient } from 'viem';
+
+import { createBlobArchiveClient } from '../archive/factory.js';
+import type { BlobArchiveClient } from '../archive/interface.js';
+import type { FileStoreBlobClient } from '../filestore/filestore_blob_client.js';
+import { DEFAULT_HEALTHCHECK_UPLOAD_INTERVAL_MINUTES } from '../filestore/healthcheck.js';
+import { type BlobClientConfig, getBlobClientConfigFromEnv } from './config.js';
+import type { BlobClientInterface, GetBlobSidecarOptions } from './interface.js';
+
+export class HttpBlobClient implements BlobClientInterface {
+  protected readonly log: Logger;
+  protected readonly config: BlobClientConfig;
+  protected readonly archiveClient: BlobArchiveClient | undefined;
+  protected readonly fetch: typeof fetch;
+  protected readonly fileStoreClients: FileStoreBlobClient[];
+  protected readonly fileStoreUploadClient: FileStoreBlobClient | undefined;
+
+  private disabled = false;
+  private healthcheckUploadIntervalId?: NodeJS.Timeout;
+
+  /** Cached beacon genesis time (seconds since Unix epoch). Fetched once at startup. */
+  private beaconGenesisTime?: bigint;
+  /** Cached beacon slot duration in seconds. Fetched once at startup. */
+  private beaconSecondsPerSlot?: number;
+
+  /** Indexes of consensus hosts that serve blob sidecars (supernodes). Populated by testSources(). */
+  private superNodeHostIndexes?: Set<number>;
+
+  constructor(
+    config?: BlobClientConfig,
+    private readonly opts: {
+      logger?: Logger;
+      archiveClient?: BlobArchiveClient;
+      fileStoreClients?: FileStoreBlobClient[];
+      fileStoreUploadClient?: FileStoreBlobClient;
+      /** Callback fired when blobs are successfully fetched from any source */
+      onBlobsFetched?: (blobs: Blob[]) => void;
+    } = {},
+  ) {
+    this.config = config ?? getBlobClientConfigFromEnv();
+    this.archiveClient = opts.archiveClient ?? createBlobArchiveClient(this.config);
+    this.log = opts.logger ?? createLogger('blob-client:client');
+    this.fileStoreClients = opts.fileStoreClients ?? [];
+    this.fileStoreUploadClient = opts.fileStoreUploadClient;
+
+    if (this.fileStoreUploadClient && !opts.onBlobsFetched) {
+      this.opts.onBlobsFetched = blobs => {
+        this.uploadBlobsToFileStore(blobs);
+      };
+    }
+
+    this.fetch = async (...args: Parameters<typeof fetch>): Promise<Response> => {
+      return await retry(
+        () => fetch(...args),
+        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string
+        `Fetching ${args[0]}`,
+        makeBackoff([1, 1, 3]),
+        this.log,
+        /*failSilently=*/ true,
+      );
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Upload fetched blobs to filestore (fire-and-forget).
+   * Called automatically when blobs are fetched from any source.
+   */
+  private uploadBlobsToFileStore(blobs: Blob[]): void {
+    if (!this.fileStoreUploadClient) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    void this.fileStoreUploadClient.saveBlobs(blobs, true).catch(err => {
+      this.log.warn(`Failed to upload ${blobs.length} blobs to filestore`, err);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Disables or enables blob storage operations.
+   * When disabled, getBlobSidecar returns empty arrays and sendBlobsToFilestore returns false.
+   * Useful for testing scenarios where blob storage failure needs to be simulated.
+   * @param value - True to disable blob storage, false to enable
+   */
+  public setDisabled(value: boolean): void {
+    this.disabled = value;
+    this.log.info(`Blob storage ${value ? 'disabled' : 'enabled'}`);
+  }
+
+  public async testSources() {
+    const { l1ConsensusHostUrls } = this.config;
+    const archiveUrl = this.archiveClient?.getBaseUrl();
+    this.log.info(`Testing configured blob sources`, { l1ConsensusHostUrls, archiveUrl });
+
+    let consensusSuperNodes = 0;
+    let consensusNonSuperNodes = 0;
+    let archiveSources = 0;
+    let blobSinks = 0;
+
+    const detectedSuperNodes = new Set<number>();
+
+    if (l1ConsensusHostUrls && l1ConsensusHostUrls.length > 0) {
+      for (let l1ConsensusHostIndex = 0; l1ConsensusHostIndex < l1ConsensusHostUrls.length; l1ConsensusHostIndex++) {
+        const l1ConsensusHostUrl = l1ConsensusHostUrls[l1ConsensusHostIndex];
+        try {
+          const { url, ...options } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(
+            `${l1ConsensusHostUrl}/eth/v1/beacon/headers/head`,
+            this.config,
+            l1ConsensusHostIndex,
+          );
+          const res = await this.fetch(url, options);
+          if (!res.ok) {
+            this.log.error(`Failure reaching L1 consensus host: ${res.statusText} (${res.status})`, {
+              l1ConsensusHostUrl,
+            });
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          this.log.info(`L1 consensus host is reachable`, { l1ConsensusHostUrl });
+
+          // Check if the host serves blob sidecars (supernode/semi-supernode).
+          // Post-Fusaka (PeerDAS), non-supernode beacon nodes no longer serve the
+          // blob sidecar endpoint. A 200 response (even with an empty data array
+          // for a slot with no blobs) means the node supports serving blob sidecars.
+          const body = await res.json();
+          const headSlot = body?.data?.header?.message?.slot;
+          if (headSlot) {
+            const { url: blobUrl, ...blobOptions } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(
+              `${l1ConsensusHostUrl}/eth/v1/beacon/blobs/${headSlot}`,
+              this.config,
+              l1ConsensusHostIndex,
+            );
+            const blobRes = await this.fetch(blobUrl, blobOptions);
+            if (blobRes.ok) {
+              this.log.info(`L1 consensus host serves blob sidecars (supernode)`, { l1ConsensusHostUrl });
+              detectedSuperNodes.add(l1ConsensusHostIndex);
+              consensusSuperNodes++;
+            } else {
+              this.log.info(`L1 consensus host does not serve blob sidecars, skipping for blob fetching`, {
+                l1ConsensusHostUrl,
+              });
+              consensusNonSuperNodes++;
+            }
+          } else {
+            this.log.info(`L1 consensus host is reachable but could not determine head slot`, { l1ConsensusHostUrl });
+            consensusNonSuperNodes++;
+          }
+        } catch (err) {
+          this.log.error(`Error reaching L1 consensus host`, err, { l1ConsensusHostUrl });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.superNodeHostIndexes = detectedSuperNodes;
+
+    if (this.archiveClient) {
+      try {
+        const latest = await this.archiveClient.getLatestBlock();
+        this.log.info(`Archive client is reachable and synced to L1 block ${latest.number}`, { latest, archiveUrl });
+        archiveSources++;
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.error(`Error reaching archive client`, err, { archiveUrl });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (this.fileStoreClients.length > 0) {
+      for (const fileStoreClient of this.fileStoreClients) {
+        try {
+          const accessible = await fileStoreClient.testConnection();
+          if (accessible) {
+            this.log.info(`FileStore is reachable`, { url: fileStoreClient.getBaseUrl() });
+            blobSinks++;
+          } else {
+            this.log.warn(`FileStore is not accessible`, { url: fileStoreClient.getBaseUrl() });
+          }
+        } catch (err) {
+          this.log.error(`Error reaching filestore`, err, { url: fileStoreClient.getBaseUrl() });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Emit a single summary after validating all sources
+    const successfulSourceCount = consensusSuperNodes + archiveSources + blobSinks;
+
+    let summary = `Blob client running with consensusSuperNodes=${consensusSuperNodes} archiveSources=${archiveSources} blobSinks=${blobSinks}`;
+    if (consensusNonSuperNodes > 0) {
+      summary += `. ${consensusNonSuperNodes} consensus client(s) ignored because they are not running in supernode or semi-supernode mode`;
+    }
+
+    if (successfulSourceCount === 0) {
+      if (this.config.blobAllowEmptySources) {
+        this.log.warn(summary);
+      } else {
+        throw new Error(summary);
+      }
+    } else if (consensusSuperNodes === 0) {
+      this.log.warn(summary);
+    } else {
+      this.log.info(summary);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public async sendBlobsToFilestore(blobs: Blob[]): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (this.disabled) {
+      this.log.warn('Blob storage is disabled, not uploading blobs');
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!this.fileStoreUploadClient) {
+      this.log.verbose('No filestore upload configured');
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    this.log.verbose(`Uploading ${blobs.length} blobs to filestore`);
+    try {
+      await this.fileStoreUploadClient.saveBlobs(blobs, true);
+      return true;
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log.error('Failed to upload blobs to filestore', err);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the blob sidecar.
+   *
+   * Alternates between two primary sources (consensus and filestore) in a retry loop,
+   * then falls back to archive if blobs are still missing. The order of the primary
+   * sources is configurable via `blobPreferFilestores`.
+   *
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash
+   * @param blobHashes - The blob hashes to fetch
+   * @param opts - Options for slot resolution
+   * @returns The blobs
+   */
+  public async getBlobSidecar(
+    blockHash: `0x${string}`,
+    blobHashes: Buffer[],
+    opts?: GetBlobSidecarOptions,
+  ): Promise<Blob[]> {
+    if (this.disabled) {
+      this.log.warn('Blob storage is disabled, returning empty blob sidecar');
+      return [];
+    }
+
+    // Accumulate blobs across sources, preserving order and handling duplicates
+    // resultBlobs[i] will contain the blob for blobHashes[i], or undefined if not yet found
+    const resultBlobs: (Blob | undefined)[] = new Array(blobHashes.length).fill(undefined);
+
+    // Helper to get missing blob hashes that we still need to fetch
+    const getMissingBlobHashes = (): Buffer[] =>
+      blobHashes
+        .map((bh, i) => (resultBlobs[i] === undefined ? bh : undefined))
+        .filter((bh): bh is Buffer => bh !== undefined);
+
+    // Return the result, ignoring any undefined ones
+    const getFilledBlobs = (): Blob[] => resultBlobs.filter((b): b is Blob => b !== undefined);
+
+    // Helper to fill in results from fetched blobs
+    const fillResults = async (fetchedBlobs: BlobJson[]): Promise<Blob[]> => {
+      const blobs = await processFetchedBlobs(fetchedBlobs, blobHashes, this.log);
+      // Fill in any missing positions with matching blobs
+      for (let i = 0; i < blobHashes.length; i++) {
+        if (resultBlobs[i] === undefined) {
+          resultBlobs[i] = blobs[i];
+        }
+      }
+      return getFilledBlobs();
+    };
+
+    // Fire callback when returning blobs (fire-and-forget)
+    const returnWithCallback = (blobs: Blob[]): Blob[] => {
+      if (blobs.length > 0 && this.opts.onBlobsFetched) {
+        void Promise.resolve().then(() => this.opts.onBlobsFetched!(blobs));
+      }
+      return blobs;
+    };
+
+    const ctx = { blockHash, blobHashes: blobHashes.map(bufferToHex) };
+
+    // Lazily resolve the slot number — only resolved when consensus hosts are actually tried.
+    let slotNumber: number | undefined;
+    let slotResolved = false;
+    const getSlotNumber = async (): Promise<number | undefined> => {
+      if (!slotResolved) {
+        slotNumber = await this.resolveSlotNumber(blockHash, opts);
+        slotResolved = true;
+      }
+      return slotNumber;
+    };
+
+    // Build the two source-try functions. The order depends on the config.
+    const tryConsensus = () => this.tryConsensusHosts(getSlotNumber, getMissingBlobHashes, fillResults, ctx);
+    const tryFilestores = () => this.tryFileStores(getMissingBlobHashes, fillResults, ctx);
+
+    const preferFilestores = this.config.blobPreferFilestores ?? false;
+    const [trySourceA, trySourceB] = preferFilestores ? [tryFilestores, tryConsensus] : [tryConsensus, tryFilestores];
+
+    // Historical sync: blobs should already exist, use shorter backoff for transient errors.
+    // Near-tip sync: blobs may still be uploading, use longer backoff for eventual consistency.
+    const isHistoricalSync = opts?.isHistoricalSync ?? false;
+    const backoff = isHistoricalSync ? [1, 1] : [1, 1, 1, 2, 2];
+
+    // Retry loop: alternate between the two primary sources with backoff.
+    try {
+      await retry(
+        async () => {
+          if (getMissingBlobHashes().length > 0) {
+            await trySourceA();
+          }
+          if (getMissingBlobHashes().length > 0) {
+            await trySourceB();
+          }
+          if (getMissingBlobHashes().length > 0) {
+            throw new Error('Still missing blobs after trying all primary sources');
+          }
+        },
+        'blob retrieval',
+        makeBackoff(backoff),
+        this.log,
+        true, // failSilently — expected during eventual consistency
+      );
+      return returnWithCallback(getFilledBlobs());
+    } catch {
+      // Exhausted retries, continue to archive fallback
+    }
+
+    // Archive fallback
+    const missingAfterPrimary = getMissingBlobHashes();
+    if (missingAfterPrimary.length > 0 && this.archiveClient) {
+      const archiveCtx = { archiveUrl: this.archiveClient.getBaseUrl(), ...ctx };
+      this.log.trace(`Attempting to get ${missingAfterPrimary.length} blobs from archive`, archiveCtx);
+      const allBlobs = await this.archiveClient.getBlobsFromBlock(blockHash);
+      if (!allBlobs) {
+        this.log.debug('No blobs found from archive client', archiveCtx);
+      } else {
+        this.log.trace(`Got ${allBlobs.length} blobs from archive client before filtering`, archiveCtx);
+        const result = await fillResults(allBlobs);
+        this.log.debug(
+          `Got ${allBlobs.length} blobs from archive client (total: ${result.length}/${blobHashes.length})`,
+          archiveCtx,
+        );
+        if (result.length === blobHashes.length) {
+          return returnWithCallback(result);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    const result = getFilledBlobs();
+    if (result.length < blobHashes.length) {
+      this.log.warn(
+        `Failed to fetch all blobs for ${blockHash} from all blob sources (got ${result.length}/${blobHashes.length})`,
+        {
+          l1ConsensusHostUrls: this.config.l1ConsensusHostUrls,
+          archiveUrl: this.archiveClient?.getBaseUrl(),
+          fileStoreUrls: this.fileStoreClients.map(c => c.getBaseUrl()),
+        },
+      );
+    }
+    return returnWithCallback(result);
+  }
+
+  /** Resolves the beacon slot number for the given block hash. Returns undefined if no consensus hosts. */
+  private resolveSlotNumber(
+    blockHash: `0x${string}`,
+    opts?: GetBlobSidecarOptions,
+  ): Promise<number | undefined> | undefined {
+    const { l1ConsensusHostUrls } = this.config;
+    if (!l1ConsensusHostUrls || l1ConsensusHostUrls.length === 0) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    // If no supernodes, no point resolving the slot
+    if (this.superNodeHostIndexes && this.superNodeHostIndexes.size === 0) {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+    return this.getSlotNumber(blockHash, opts?.parentBeaconBlockRoot, opts?.l1BlockTimestamp);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try all supernode consensus hosts for blob sidecars.
+   * Skips hosts that were detected as non-supernodes during testSources().
+   */
+  private async tryConsensusHosts(
+    getSlotNumber: () => Promise<number | undefined>,
+    getMissingBlobHashes: () => Buffer[],
+    fillResults: (blobs: BlobJson[]) => Promise<Blob[]>,
+    ctx: { blockHash: string; blobHashes: string[] },
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    const { l1ConsensusHostUrls } = this.config;
+    if (!l1ConsensusHostUrls || l1ConsensusHostUrls.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const slotNumber = await getSlotNumber();
+    if (!slotNumber) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (let l1ConsensusHostIndex = 0; l1ConsensusHostIndex < l1ConsensusHostUrls.length; l1ConsensusHostIndex++) {
+      const missingHashes = getMissingBlobHashes();
+      if (missingHashes.length === 0) {
+        break;
+      }
+
+      // Skip non-supernode hosts if we've already detected supernodes
+      if (this.superNodeHostIndexes && !this.superNodeHostIndexes.has(l1ConsensusHostIndex)) {
+        this.log.trace(`Skipping non-supernode consensus host`, {
+          l1ConsensusHostUrl: l1ConsensusHostUrls[l1ConsensusHostIndex],
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      const l1ConsensusHostUrl = l1ConsensusHostUrls[l1ConsensusHostIndex];
+      this.log.trace(`Attempting to get ${missingHashes.length} blobs from consensus host`, {
+        slotNumber,
+        l1ConsensusHostUrl,
+        ...ctx,
+      });
+      const blobs = await this.getBlobsFromHost(l1ConsensusHostUrl, slotNumber, l1ConsensusHostIndex, missingHashes);
+      const result = await fillResults(blobs);
+      this.log.debug(
+        `Got ${blobs.length} blobs from consensus host (total: ${result.length}/${ctx.blobHashes.length})`,
+        { slotNumber, l1ConsensusHostUrl, ...ctx },
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Try all filestores once (shuffled for load distribution).
+   * @param getMissingBlobHashes - Function to get remaining blob hashes to fetch
+   * @param fillResults - Callback to fill in results
+   * @param ctx - Logging context
+   */
+  private async tryFileStores(
+    getMissingBlobHashes: () => Buffer[],
+    fillResults: (blobs: BlobJson[]) => Promise<Blob[]>,
+    ctx: { blockHash: string; blobHashes: string[] },
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    // Shuffle clients for load distribution
+    const shuffledClients = [...this.fileStoreClients];
+    shuffle(shuffledClients);
+
+    for (const client of shuffledClients) {
+      const blobHashes = getMissingBlobHashes();
+      if (blobHashes.length === 0) {
+        return; // All blobs found, no need to try more filestores
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const blobHashStrings = blobHashes.map(h => `0x${h.toString('hex')}`);
+        this.log.trace(`Attempting to get ${blobHashStrings.length} blobs from filestore`, {
+          url: client.getBaseUrl(),
+          ...ctx,
+        });
+        const blobs = await client.getBlobsByHashes(blobHashStrings);
+        if (blobs.length > 0) {
+          const result = await fillResults(blobs);
+          this.log.debug(
+            `Got ${blobs.length} blobs from filestore (total: ${result.length}/${ctx.blobHashes.length})`,
+            {
+              url: client.getBaseUrl(),
+              ...ctx,
+            },
+          );
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.warn(`Failed to fetch from filestore: ${err}`, { url: client.getBaseUrl() });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public async getBlobSidecarFrom(
+    hostUrl: string,
+    blockHashOrSlot: string | number,
+    blobHashes: Buffer[] = [],
+    l1ConsensusHostIndex?: number,
+  ): Promise<Blob[]> {
+    const blobs = await this.getBlobsFromHost(hostUrl, blockHashOrSlot, l1ConsensusHostIndex, blobHashes);
+    return (await processFetchedBlobs(blobs, blobHashes, this.log)).filter((b): b is Blob => b !== undefined);
+  }
+
+  public async getBlobsFromHost(
+    hostUrl: string,
+    blockHashOrSlot: string | number,
+    l1ConsensusHostIndex?: number,
+    blobHashes?: Buffer[],
+  ): Promise<BlobJson[]> {
+    try {
+      let res = await this.fetchBlobSidecars(hostUrl, blockHashOrSlot, l1ConsensusHostIndex, blobHashes);
+      if (res.ok) {
+        return await parseBlobJsonsFromResponse(await res.json(), this.log);
+      }
+
+      if (res.status === 404 && typeof blockHashOrSlot === 'number') {
+        const latestSlot = await this.getLatestSlotNumber(hostUrl, l1ConsensusHostIndex);
+        this.log.debug(`Requested L1 slot ${blockHashOrSlot} not found, trying out slots up to ${latestSlot}`, {
+          hostUrl,
+          status: res.status,
+          statusText: res.statusText,
+        });
+
+        let maxRetries = 10;
+        let currentSlot = blockHashOrSlot + 1;
+        while (res.status === 404 && maxRetries > 0 && latestSlot !== undefined && currentSlot <= latestSlot) {
+          this.log.debug(`Trying slot ${currentSlot}`);
+          res = await this.fetchBlobSidecars(hostUrl, currentSlot, l1ConsensusHostIndex, blobHashes);
+          if (res.ok) {
+            return await parseBlobJsonsFromResponse(await res.json(), this.log);
+          }
+          currentSlot++;
+          maxRetries--;
+        }
+      }
+
+      this.log.warn(`Unable to get blob sidecar for ${blockHashOrSlot}: ${res.statusText} (${res.status})`, {
+        status: res.status,
+        statusText: res.statusText,
+        body: await res.text().catch(() => 'Failed to read response body'),
+      });
+      return [];
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      this.log.warn(`Error getting blob sidecar from ${hostUrl}: ${error.message ?? error}`);
+      return [];
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fetchBlobSidecars(
+    hostUrl: string,
+    blockHashOrSlot: string | number,
+    l1ConsensusHostIndex?: number,
+    blobHashes?: Buffer[],
+  ): Promise<Response> {
+    let baseUrl = `${hostUrl}/eth/v1/beacon/blobs/${blockHashOrSlot}`;
+
+    if (blobHashes && blobHashes.length > 0) {
+      const params = new URLSearchParams();
+      for (const hash of blobHashes) {
+        params.append('versioned_hashes', `0x${hash.toString('hex')}`);
+      }
+      baseUrl += `?${params.toString()}`;
+    }
+
+    const { url, logSafeUrl, ...options } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(baseUrl, this.config, l1ConsensusHostIndex);
+    this.log.debug(`Fetching blob sidecar for ${blockHashOrSlot}`, { url: logSafeUrl, ...options });
+    // No retry here — this is called inside the main retry loop in getBlobSidecar
+    return fetch(url, options);
+  }
+
+  private async getLatestSlotNumber(hostUrl: string, l1ConsensusHostIndex?: number): Promise<number | undefined> {
+    try {
+      const baseUrl = `${hostUrl}/eth/v1/beacon/headers/head`;
+      const { url, logSafeUrl, ...options } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(baseUrl, this.config, l1ConsensusHostIndex);
+      this.log.debug(`Fetching latest slot number`, { url: logSafeUrl, ...options });
+      const res = await this.fetch(url, options);
+      if (res.ok) {
+        const body = await res.json();
+        const slot = parseInt(body.data.header.message.slot);
+        if (Number.isNaN(slot)) {
+          this.log.error(`Failed to parse slot number from response from ${hostUrl}`, { body });
+          return undefined;
+        }
+        return slot;
+      }
+    } catch (err) {
+      this.log.error(`Error getting latest slot number from ${hostUrl}`, err);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the slot number from the consensus host
+   * As of eip-4788, the parentBeaconBlockRoot is included in the execution layer.
+   * This allows us to query the consensus layer for the slot number of the parent block, which we will then use
+   * to request blobs from the consensus layer.
+   *
+   * If this returns undefined, it means that we are not connected to a real consensus host, and we should
+   * query blobs with the blockHash.
+   *
+   * If this returns a number, then we should query blobs with the slot number
+   *
+   * @param blockHash - The block hash
+   * @returns The slot number
+   */
+  private async getSlotNumber(
+    blockHash: `0x${string}`,
+    parentBeaconBlockRoot?: string,
+    l1BlockTimestamp?: bigint,
+  ): Promise<number | undefined> {
+    const { l1ConsensusHostUrls, l1RpcUrls } = this.config;
+    if (!l1ConsensusHostUrls || l1ConsensusHostUrls.length === 0) {
+      this.log.debug('No consensus host url configured');
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Primary path: compute slot from timestamp if genesis config is cached (no network call needed)
+    if (
+      l1BlockTimestamp !== undefined &&
+      this.beaconGenesisTime !== undefined &&
+      this.beaconSecondsPerSlot !== undefined
+    ) {
+      const slot = Number((l1BlockTimestamp - this.beaconGenesisTime) / BigInt(this.beaconSecondsPerSlot));
+      this.log.debug(`Computed slot ${slot} from L1 block timestamp`, { l1BlockTimestamp });
+      return slot;
+    }
+
+    if (!parentBeaconBlockRoot) {
+      // parentBeaconBlockRoot not provided by caller — fetch it from the execution RPC
+      if (!l1RpcUrls || l1RpcUrls.length === 0) {
+        this.log.debug('No execution host url configured');
+        return undefined;
+      }
+
+      const client = createPublicClient({
+        transport: makeL1HttpTransport(l1RpcUrls, { timeout: this.config.l1HttpTimeoutMS }),
+      });
+      try {
+        const res: RpcBlock = await client.request({
+          method: 'eth_getBlockByHash',
+          params: [blockHash, /*tx flag*/ false],
+        });
+
+        if (res.parentBeaconBlockRoot) {
+          parentBeaconBlockRoot = res.parentBeaconBlockRoot;
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.error(`Error getting parent beacon block root`, err);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!parentBeaconBlockRoot) {
+      this.log.error(`No parent beacon block root found for block ${blockHash}`);
+      return undefined;
+    }
+
+    // Query beacon chain to get the slot number for that block root
+    let l1ConsensusHostUrl: string;
+    for (let l1ConsensusHostIndex = 0; l1ConsensusHostIndex < l1ConsensusHostUrls.length; l1ConsensusHostIndex++) {
+      l1ConsensusHostUrl = l1ConsensusHostUrls[l1ConsensusHostIndex];
+      try {
+        const { url, ...options } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(
+          `${l1ConsensusHostUrl}/eth/v1/beacon/headers/${parentBeaconBlockRoot}`,
+          this.config,
+          l1ConsensusHostIndex,
+        );
+        const res = await this.fetch(url, options);
+
+        if (res.ok) {
+          const body = await res.json();
+
+          // Add one to get the slot number of the original block hash
+          return Number(body.data.header.message.slot) + 1;
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.error(`Error getting slot number`, err);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  /** @internal - exposed for testing */
+  public getArchiveClient(): BlobArchiveClient | undefined {
+    return this.archiveClient;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns true if this client can upload blobs to filestore. */
+  public canUpload(): boolean {
+    return this.fileStoreUploadClient !== undefined;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start the blob client.
+   * Fetches and caches beacon genesis config for timestamp-based slot resolution,
+   * then uploads the initial healthcheck file (awaited) and starts periodic uploads.
+   */
+  public async start(): Promise<void> {
+    await this.fetchBeaconConfig();
+
+    if (!this.fileStoreUploadClient) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    await this.fileStoreUploadClient.uploadHealthcheck();
+    this.log.debug('Initial healthcheck file uploaded');
+
+    this.startPeriodicHealthcheckUpload();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Start periodic healthcheck upload to the file store to ensure it remains available even if accidentally deleted.
+   */
+  private startPeriodicHealthcheckUpload(): void {
+    const intervalMs =
+      (this.config.blobHealthcheckUploadIntervalMinutes ?? DEFAULT_HEALTHCHECK_UPLOAD_INTERVAL_MINUTES) * 60 * 1000;
+
+    this.healthcheckUploadIntervalId = setInterval(() => {
+      void this.fileStoreUploadClient!.uploadHealthcheck().catch(err => {
+        this.log.warn('Failed to upload periodic healthcheck file', err);
+      });
+    }, intervalMs);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fetches and caches beacon genesis time and slot duration from the first available consensus host.
+   * These static values enable timestamp-based slot resolution, eliminating the per-fetch headers call.
+   * Logs a warning and leaves fields undefined if all hosts fail, callers fall back gracefully.
+   */
+  private async fetchBeaconConfig(): Promise<void> {
+    const { l1ConsensusHostUrls } = this.config;
+    if (!l1ConsensusHostUrls || l1ConsensusHostUrls.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < l1ConsensusHostUrls.length; i++) {
+      try {
+        const { url: genesisUrl, ...genesisOptions } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(
+          `${l1ConsensusHostUrls[i]}/eth/v1/config/genesis`,
+          this.config,
+          i,
+        );
+        const { url: specUrl, ...specOptions } = getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(
+          `${l1ConsensusHostUrls[i]}/eth/v1/config/spec`,
+          this.config,
+          i,
+        );
+
+        const [genesisRes, specRes] = await Promise.all([
+          this.fetch(genesisUrl, genesisOptions),
+          this.fetch(specUrl, specOptions),
+        ]);
+
+        if (genesisRes.ok && specRes.ok) {
+          const genesis = await genesisRes.json();
+          const spec = await specRes.json();
+          this.beaconGenesisTime = BigInt(genesis.data.genesisTime);
+          this.beaconSecondsPerSlot = parseInt(spec.data.secondsPerSlot);
+          this.log.debug(`Fetched beacon genesis config`, {
+            genesisTime: this.beaconGenesisTime,
+            secondsPerSlot: this.beaconSecondsPerSlot,
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        this.log.warn(`Failed to fetch beacon config from host ${l1ConsensusHostUrls[i]}`, err);
+      }
+    }
+    this.log.warn('Could not fetch beacon genesis config from any consensus host — will use headers call fallback');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Stop the blob client, clearing any periodic tasks.
+   */
+  public stop(): void {
+    if (this.healthcheckUploadIntervalId) {
+      clearInterval(this.healthcheckUploadIntervalId);
+      this.healthcheckUploadIntervalId = undefined;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function parseBlobJsonsFromResponse(response: any, logger: Logger): Promise<BlobJson[]> {
+  try {
+    return await Promise.all((response.data as string[]).map(parseBlobJson));
+  } catch (err) {
+    logger.error(`Error parsing blob json from response`, err);
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+// Blobs will be in this form when requested from the blob client, or from the beacon chain via `getBlobSidecars`:
+// https://ethereum.github.io/beacon-APIs/?urls.primaryName=dev#/Beacon/getBlobSidecars
+// Here we attempt to parse the response data to Buffer, and check the lengths (via Blob's constructor), to avoid
+// throwing an error down the line when calling Blob.fromJson().
+async function parseBlobJson(rawHex: string): Promise<BlobJson> {
+  const blobBuffer = Buffer.from(rawHex.slice(2), 'hex');
+  const blob = await Blob.fromBlobBuffer(blobBuffer);
+  return blob.toJSON();
+}
+
+// Returns an array that maps each blob hash to the corresponding blob, or undefined if the blob is not found
+// or the data does not match the commitment.
+async function processFetchedBlobs(
+  blobs: BlobJson[],
+  blobHashes: Buffer[],
+  logger: Logger,
+): Promise<(Blob | undefined)[]> {
+  const requestedBlobHashes = new Set<string>(blobHashes.map(bufferToHex));
+  const hashToBlob = new Map<string, Blob>();
+  for (const blobJson of blobs) {
+    const hashHex = bufferToHex(computeEthVersionedBlobHash(hexToBuffer(blobJson.kzg_commitment)));
+    if (!requestedBlobHashes.has(hashHex) || hashToBlob.has(hashHex)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const blob = await Blob.fromJson(blobJson);
+      hashToBlob.set(hashHex, blob);
+    } catch (err) {
+      // If the above throws, it's likely that the blob commitment does not match the hash of the blob data.
+      logger.error(`Error converting blob from json`, err);
+    }
+  }
+  return blobHashes.map(h => hashToBlob.get(bufferToHex(h)));
+}
+
+function getBeaconNodeFetchOptions(url: string, config: BlobClientConfig, l1ConsensusHostIndex?: number) {
+  const { l1ConsensusHostApiKeys, l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeaders } = config;
+  const l1ConsensusHostApiKey =
+    l1ConsensusHostIndex !== undefined && l1ConsensusHostApiKeys && l1ConsensusHostApiKeys[l1ConsensusHostIndex];
+  const l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeader =
+    l1ConsensusHostIndex !== undefined &&
+    l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeaders &&
+    l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeaders[l1ConsensusHostIndex];
+
+  let formattedUrl = url;
+  let logSafeUrl = url;
+  if (l1ConsensusHostApiKey && l1ConsensusHostApiKey.getValue() !== '' && !l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeader) {
+    const separator = formattedUrl.includes('?') ? '&' : '?';
+    formattedUrl += `${separator}key=${l1ConsensusHostApiKey.getValue()}`;
+    logSafeUrl += `${separator}key=[REDACTED]`;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    url: formattedUrl,
+    logSafeUrl,
+    ...(l1ConsensusHostApiKey &&
+      l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeader && {
+        headers: {
+          [l1ConsensusHostApiKeyHeader]: l1ConsensusHostApiKey.getValue(),
+        },
+      }),
+  };
+}