npm - @averay/codeformat - Versions diffs - 0.2.7 → 0.2.9 - Mend

@averay/codeformat 0.2.7 → 0.2.9

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@@ -1,1249 +0,0 @@
-# Stream
-[![CI status](https://github.com/reactphp/stream/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/reactphp/stream/actions)
-[![installs on Packagist](https://img.shields.io/packagist/dt/react/stream?color=blue&label=installs%20on%20Packagist)](https://packagist.org/packages/react/stream)
-Event-driven readable and writable streams for non-blocking I/O in [ReactPHP](https://reactphp.org/).
-In order to make the [EventLoop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop)
-easier to use, this component introduces the powerful concept of "streams".
-Streams allow you to efficiently process huge amounts of data (such as a multi
-Gigabyte file download) in small chunks without having to store everything in
-memory at once.
-They are very similar to the streams found in PHP itself,
-but have an interface more suited for async, non-blocking I/O.
-**Table of contents**
-* [Stream usage](#stream-usage)
-  * [ReadableStreamInterface](#readablestreaminterface)
-    * [data event](#data-event)
-    * [end event](#end-event)
-    * [error event](#error-event)
-    * [close event](#close-event)
-    * [isReadable()](#isreadable)
-    * [pause()](#pause)
-    * [resume()](#resume)
-    * [pipe()](#pipe)
-    * [close()](#close)
-  * [WritableStreamInterface](#writablestreaminterface)
-    * [drain event](#drain-event)
-    * [pipe event](#pipe-event)
-    * [error event](#error-event-1)
-    * [close event](#close-event-1)
-    * [isWritable()](#iswritable)
-    * [write()](#write)
-    * [end()](#end)
-    * [close()](#close-1)
-  * [DuplexStreamInterface](#duplexstreaminterface)
-* [Creating streams](#creating-streams)
-  * [ReadableResourceStream](#readableresourcestream)
-  * [WritableResourceStream](#writableresourcestream)
-  * [DuplexResourceStream](#duplexresourcestream)
-  * [ThroughStream](#throughstream)
-  * [CompositeStream](#compositestream)
-* [Usage](#usage)
-* [Install](#install)
-* [Tests](#tests)
-* [License](#license)
-* [More](#more)
-## Stream usage
-ReactPHP uses the concept of "streams" throughout its ecosystem to provide a
-consistent higher-level abstraction for processing streams of arbitrary data
-contents and size.
-While a stream itself is a quite low-level concept, it can be used as a powerful
-abstraction to build higher-level components and protocols on top.
-If you're new to this concept, it helps to think of them as a water pipe:
-You can consume water from a source or you can produce water and forward (pipe)
-it to any destination (sink).
-Similarly, streams can either be
-* readable (such as `STDIN` terminal input) or
-* writable (such as `STDOUT` terminal output) or
-* duplex (both readable *and* writable, such as a TCP/IP connection)
-Accordingly, this package defines the following three interfaces
-* [`ReadableStreamInterface`](#readablestreaminterface)
-* [`WritableStreamInterface`](#writablestreaminterface)
-* [`DuplexStreamInterface`](#duplexstreaminterface)
-### ReadableStreamInterface
-The `ReadableStreamInterface` is responsible for providing an interface for
-read-only streams and the readable side of duplex streams.
-Besides defining a few methods, this interface also implements the
-`EventEmitterInterface` which allows you to react to certain events.
-The event callback functions MUST be a valid `callable` that obeys strict
-parameter definitions and MUST accept event parameters exactly as documented.
-The event callback functions MUST NOT throw an `Exception`.
-The return value of the event callback functions will be ignored and has no
-effect, so for performance reasons you're recommended to not return any
-excessive data structures.
-Every implementation of this interface MUST follow these event semantics in
-order to be considered a well-behaving stream.
-> Note that higher-level implementations of this interface may choose to
-  define additional events with dedicated semantics not defined as part of
-  this low-level stream specification. Conformance with these event semantics
-  is out of scope for this interface, so you may also have to refer to the
-  documentation of such a higher-level implementation.
-#### data event
-The `data` event will be emitted whenever some data was read/received
-from this source stream.
-The event receives a single mixed argument for incoming data.
-```php
-$stream->on('data', function ($data) {
-    echo $data;
-});
-```
-This event MAY be emitted any number of times, which may be zero times if
-this stream does not send any data at all.
-It SHOULD not be emitted after an `end` or `close` event.
-The given `$data` argument may be of mixed type, but it's usually
-recommended it SHOULD be a `string` value or MAY use a type that allows
-representation as a `string` for maximum compatibility.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-will emit the raw (binary) payload data that is received over the wire as
-chunks of `string` values.
-Due to the stream-based nature of this, the sender may send any number
-of chunks with varying sizes. There are no guarantees that these chunks
-will be received with the exact same framing the sender intended to send.
-In other words, many lower-level protocols (such as TCP/IP) transfer the
-data in chunks that may be anywhere between single-byte values to several
-dozens of kilobytes. You may want to apply a higher-level protocol to
-these low-level data chunks in order to achieve proper message framing.
-#### end event
-The `end` event will be emitted once the source stream has successfully
-reached the end of the stream (EOF).
-```php
-$stream->on('end', function () {
-    echo 'END';
-});
-```
-This event SHOULD be emitted once or never at all, depending on whether
-a successful end was detected.
-It SHOULD NOT be emitted after a previous `end` or `close` event.
-It MUST NOT be emitted if the stream closes due to a non-successful
-end, such as after a previous `error` event.
-After the stream is ended, it MUST switch to non-readable mode,
-see also `isReadable()`.
-This event will only be emitted if the *end* was reached successfully,
-not if the stream was interrupted by an unrecoverable error or explicitly
-closed. Not all streams know this concept of a "successful end".
-Many use-cases involve detecting when the stream closes (terminates)
-instead, in this case you should use the `close` event.
-After the stream emits an `end` event, it SHOULD usually be followed by a
-`close` event.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-will emit this event if either the remote side closes the connection or
-a file handle was successfully read until reaching its end (EOF).
-Note that this event should not be confused with the `end()` method.
-This event defines a successful end *reading* from a source stream, while
-the `end()` method defines *writing* a successful end to a destination
-stream.
-#### error event
-The `error` event will be emitted once a fatal error occurs, usually while
-trying to read from this stream.
-The event receives a single `Exception` argument for the error instance.
-```php
-$server->on('error', function (Exception $e) {
-    echo 'Error: ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
-});
-```
-This event SHOULD be emitted once the stream detects a fatal error, such
-as a fatal transmission error or after an unexpected `data` or premature
-`end` event.
-It SHOULD NOT be emitted after a previous `error`, `end` or `close` event.
-It MUST NOT be emitted if this is not a fatal error condition, such as
-a temporary network issue that did not cause any data to be lost.
-After the stream errors, it MUST close the stream and SHOULD thus be
-followed by a `close` event and then switch to non-readable mode, see
-also `close()` and `isReadable()`.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-only deal with data transmission and do not make assumption about data
-boundaries (such as unexpected `data` or premature `end` events).
-In other words, many lower-level protocols (such as TCP/IP) may choose
-to only emit this for a fatal transmission error once and will then
-close (terminate) the stream in response.
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the writable side of the stream also implements an `error` event.
-In other words, an error may occur while either reading or writing the
-stream which should result in the same error processing.
-#### close event
-The `close` event will be emitted once the stream closes (terminates).
-```php
-$stream->on('close', function () {
-    echo 'CLOSED';
-});
-```
-This event SHOULD be emitted once or never at all, depending on whether
-the stream ever terminates.
-It SHOULD NOT be emitted after a previous `close` event.
-After the stream is closed, it MUST switch to non-readable mode,
-see also `isReadable()`.
-Unlike the `end` event, this event SHOULD be emitted whenever the stream
-closes, irrespective of whether this happens implicitly due to an
-unrecoverable error or explicitly when either side closes the stream.
-If you only want to detect a *successful* end, you should use the `end`
-event instead.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-will likely choose to emit this event after reading a *successful* `end`
-event or after a fatal transmission `error` event.
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the writable side of the stream also implements a `close` event.
-In other words, after receiving this event, the stream MUST switch into
-non-writable AND non-readable mode, see also `isWritable()`.
-Note that this event should not be confused with the `end` event.
-#### isReadable()
-The `isReadable(): bool` method can be used to
-check whether this stream is in a readable state (not closed already).
-This method can be used to check if the stream still accepts incoming
-data events or if it is ended or closed already.
-Once the stream is non-readable, no further `data` or `end` events SHOULD
-be emitted.
-```php
-assert($stream->isReadable() === false);
-$stream->on('data', assertNeverCalled());
-$stream->on('end', assertNeverCalled());
-```
-A successfully opened stream always MUST start in readable mode.
-Once the stream ends or closes, it MUST switch to non-readable mode.
-This can happen any time, explicitly through `close()` or
-implicitly due to a remote close or an unrecoverable transmission error.
-Once a stream has switched to non-readable mode, it MUST NOT transition
-back to readable mode.
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the writable side of the stream also implements an `isWritable()`
-method. Unless this is a half-open duplex stream, they SHOULD usually
-have the same return value.
-#### pause()
-The `pause(): void` method can be used to
-pause reading incoming data events.
-Removes the data source file descriptor from the event loop. This
-allows you to throttle incoming data.
-Unless otherwise noted, a successfully opened stream SHOULD NOT start
-in paused state.
-Once the stream is paused, no futher `data` or `end` events SHOULD
-be emitted.
-```php
-$stream->pause();
-$stream->on('data', assertShouldNeverCalled());
-$stream->on('end', assertShouldNeverCalled());
-```
-This method is advisory-only, though generally not recommended, the
-stream MAY continue emitting `data` events.
-You can continue processing events by calling `resume()` again.
-Note that both methods can be called any number of times, in particular
-calling `pause()` more than once SHOULD NOT have any effect.
-See also `resume()`.
-#### resume()
-The `resume(): void` method can be used to
-resume reading incoming data events.
-Re-attach the data source after a previous `pause()`.
-```php
-$stream->pause();
-Loop::addTimer(1.0, function () use ($stream) {
-    $stream->resume();
-});
-```
-Note that both methods can be called any number of times, in particular
-calling `resume()` without a prior `pause()` SHOULD NOT have any effect.
-See also `pause()`.
-#### pipe()
-The `pipe(WritableStreamInterface $dest, array $options = [])` method can be used to
-pipe all the data from this readable source into the given writable destination.
-Automatically sends all incoming data to the destination.
-Automatically throttles the source based on what the destination can handle.
-```php
-$source->pipe($dest);
-```
-Similarly, you can also pipe an instance implementing `DuplexStreamInterface`
-into itself in order to write back all the data that is received.
-This may be a useful feature for a TCP/IP echo service:
-```php
-$connection->pipe($connection);
-```
-This method returns the destination stream as-is, which can be used to
-set up chains of piped streams:
-```php
-$source->pipe($decodeGzip)->pipe($filterBadWords)->pipe($dest);
-```
-By default, this will call `end()` on the destination stream once the
-source stream emits an `end` event. This can be disabled like this:
-```php
-$source->pipe($dest, array('end' => false));
-```
-Note that this only applies to the `end` event.
-If an `error` or explicit `close` event happens on the source stream,
-you'll have to manually close the destination stream:
-```php
-$source->pipe($dest);
-$source->on('close', function () use ($dest) {
-    $dest->end('BYE!');
-});
-```
-If the source stream is not readable (closed state), then this is a NO-OP.
-```php
-$source->close();
-$source->pipe($dest); // NO-OP
-```
-If the destinantion stream is not writable (closed state), then this will simply
-throttle (pause) the source stream:
-```php
-$dest->close();
-$source->pipe($dest); // calls $source->pause()
-```
-Similarly, if the destination stream is closed while the pipe is still
-active, it will also throttle (pause) the source stream:
-```php
-$source->pipe($dest);
-$dest->close(); // calls $source->pause()
-```
-Once the pipe is set up successfully, the destination stream MUST emit
-a `pipe` event with this source stream an event argument.
-#### close()
-The `close(): void` method can be used to
-close the stream (forcefully).
-This method can be used to (forcefully) close the stream.
-```php
-$stream->close();
-```
-Once the stream is closed, it SHOULD emit a `close` event.
-Note that this event SHOULD NOT be emitted more than once, in particular
-if this method is called multiple times.
-After calling this method, the stream MUST switch into a non-readable
-mode, see also `isReadable()`.
-This means that no further `data` or `end` events SHOULD be emitted.
-```php
-$stream->close();
-assert($stream->isReadable() === false);
-$stream->on('data', assertNeverCalled());
-$stream->on('end', assertNeverCalled());
-```
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the writable side of the stream also implements a `close()` method.
-In other words, after calling this method, the stream MUST switch into
-non-writable AND non-readable mode, see also `isWritable()`.
-Note that this method should not be confused with the `end()` method.
-### WritableStreamInterface
-The `WritableStreamInterface` is responsible for providing an interface for
-write-only streams and the writable side of duplex streams.
-Besides defining a few methods, this interface also implements the
-`EventEmitterInterface` which allows you to react to certain events.
-The event callback functions MUST be a valid `callable` that obeys strict
-parameter definitions and MUST accept event parameters exactly as documented.
-The event callback functions MUST NOT throw an `Exception`.
-The return value of the event callback functions will be ignored and has no
-effect, so for performance reasons you're recommended to not return any
-excessive data structures.
-Every implementation of this interface MUST follow these event semantics in
-order to be considered a well-behaving stream.
-> Note that higher-level implementations of this interface may choose to
-  define additional events with dedicated semantics not defined as part of
-  this low-level stream specification. Conformance with these event semantics
-  is out of scope for this interface, so you may also have to refer to the
-  documentation of such a higher-level implementation.
-#### drain event
-The `drain` event will be emitted whenever the write buffer became full
-previously and is now ready to accept more data.
-```php
-$stream->on('drain', function () use ($stream) {
-    echo 'Stream is now ready to accept more data';
-});
-```
-This event SHOULD be emitted once every time the buffer became full
-previously and is now ready to accept more data.
-In other words, this event MAY be emitted any number of times, which may
-be zero times if the buffer never became full in the first place.
-This event SHOULD NOT be emitted if the buffer has not become full
-previously.
-This event is mostly used internally, see also `write()` for more details.
-#### pipe event
-The `pipe` event will be emitted whenever a readable stream is `pipe()`d
-into this stream.
-The event receives a single `ReadableStreamInterface` argument for the
-source stream.
-```php
-$stream->on('pipe', function (ReadableStreamInterface $source) use ($stream) {
-    echo 'Now receiving piped data';
-    // explicitly close target if source emits an error
-    $source->on('error', function () use ($stream) {
-        $stream->close();
-    });
-});
-$source->pipe($stream);
-```
-This event MUST be emitted once for each readable stream that is
-successfully piped into this destination stream.
-In other words, this event MAY be emitted any number of times, which may
-be zero times if no stream is ever piped into this stream.
-This event MUST NOT be emitted if either the source is not readable
-(closed already) or this destination is not writable (closed already).
-This event is mostly used internally, see also `pipe()` for more details.
-#### error event
-The `error` event will be emitted once a fatal error occurs, usually while
-trying to write to this stream.
-The event receives a single `Exception` argument for the error instance.
-```php
-$stream->on('error', function (Exception $e) {
-    echo 'Error: ' . $e->getMessage() . PHP_EOL;
-});
-```
-This event SHOULD be emitted once the stream detects a fatal error, such
-as a fatal transmission error.
-It SHOULD NOT be emitted after a previous `error` or `close` event.
-It MUST NOT be emitted if this is not a fatal error condition, such as
-a temporary network issue that did not cause any data to be lost.
-After the stream errors, it MUST close the stream and SHOULD thus be
-followed by a `close` event and then switch to non-writable mode, see
-also `close()` and `isWritable()`.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-only deal with data transmission and may choose
-to only emit this for a fatal transmission error once and will then
-close (terminate) the stream in response.
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the readable side of the stream also implements an `error` event.
-In other words, an error may occur while either reading or writing the
-stream which should result in the same error processing.
-#### close event
-The `close` event will be emitted once the stream closes (terminates).
-```php
-$stream->on('close', function () {
-    echo 'CLOSED';
-});
-```
-This event SHOULD be emitted once or never at all, depending on whether
-the stream ever terminates.
-It SHOULD NOT be emitted after a previous `close` event.
-After the stream is closed, it MUST switch to non-writable mode,
-see also `isWritable()`.
-This event SHOULD be emitted whenever the stream closes, irrespective of
-whether this happens implicitly due to an unrecoverable error or
-explicitly when either side closes the stream.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-will likely choose to emit this event after flushing the buffer from
-the `end()` method, after receiving a *successful* `end` event or after
-a fatal transmission `error` event.
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the readable side of the stream also implements a `close` event.
-In other words, after receiving this event, the stream MUST switch into
-non-writable AND non-readable mode, see also `isReadable()`.
-Note that this event should not be confused with the `end` event.
-#### isWritable()
-The `isWritable(): bool` method can be used to
-check whether this stream is in a writable state (not closed already).
-This method can be used to check if the stream still accepts writing
-any data or if it is ended or closed already.
-Writing any data to a non-writable stream is a NO-OP:
-```php
-assert($stream->isWritable() === false);
-$stream->write('end'); // NO-OP
-$stream->end('end'); // NO-OP
-```
-A successfully opened stream always MUST start in writable mode.
-Once the stream ends or closes, it MUST switch to non-writable mode.
-This can happen any time, explicitly through `end()` or `close()` or
-implicitly due to a remote close or an unrecoverable transmission error.
-Once a stream has switched to non-writable mode, it MUST NOT transition
-back to writable mode.
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the readable side of the stream also implements an `isReadable()`
-method. Unless this is a half-open duplex stream, they SHOULD usually
-have the same return value.
-#### write()
-The `write(mixed $data): bool` method can be used to
-write some data into the stream.
-A successful write MUST be confirmed with a boolean `true`, which means
-that either the data was written (flushed) immediately or is buffered and
-scheduled for a future write. Note that this interface gives you no
-control over explicitly flushing the buffered data, as finding the
-appropriate time for this is beyond the scope of this interface and left
-up to the implementation of this interface.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or file-based stream)
-may choose to buffer all given data and schedule a future flush by using
-an underlying EventLoop to check when the resource is actually writable.
-If a stream cannot handle writing (or flushing) the data, it SHOULD emit
-an `error` event and MAY `close()` the stream if it can not recover from
-this error.
-If the internal buffer is full after adding `$data`, then `write()`
-SHOULD return `false`, indicating that the caller should stop sending
-data until the buffer drains.
-The stream SHOULD send a `drain` event once the buffer is ready to accept
-more data.
-Similarly, if the stream is not writable (already in a closed state)
-it MUST NOT process the given `$data` and SHOULD return `false`,
-indicating that the caller should stop sending data.
-The given `$data` argument MAY be of mixed type, but it's usually
-recommended it SHOULD be a `string` value or MAY use a type that allows
-representation as a `string` for maximum compatibility.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or a file-based stream)
-will only accept the raw (binary) payload data that is transferred over
-the wire as chunks of `string` values.
-Due to the stream-based nature of this, the sender may send any number
-of chunks with varying sizes. There are no guarantees that these chunks
-will be received with the exact same framing the sender intended to send.
-In other words, many lower-level protocols (such as TCP/IP) transfer the
-data in chunks that may be anywhere between single-byte values to several
-dozens of kilobytes. You may want to apply a higher-level protocol to
-these low-level data chunks in order to achieve proper message framing.
-#### end()
-The `end(mixed $data = null): void` method can be used to
-successfully end the stream (after optionally sending some final data).
-This method can be used to successfully end the stream, i.e. close
-the stream after sending out all data that is currently buffered.
-```php
-$stream->write('hello');
-$stream->write('world');
-$stream->end();
-```
-If there's no data currently buffered and nothing to be flushed, then
-this method MAY `close()` the stream immediately.
-If there's still data in the buffer that needs to be flushed first, then
-this method SHOULD try to write out this data and only then `close()`
-the stream.
-Once the stream is closed, it SHOULD emit a `close` event.
-Note that this interface gives you no control over explicitly flushing
-the buffered data, as finding the appropriate time for this is beyond the
-scope of this interface and left up to the implementation of this
-interface.
-Many common streams (such as a TCP/IP connection or file-based stream)
-may choose to buffer all given data and schedule a future flush by using
-an underlying EventLoop to check when the resource is actually writable.
-You can optionally pass some final data that is written to the stream
-before ending the stream. If a non-`null` value is given as `$data`, then
-this method will behave just like calling `write($data)` before ending
-with no data.
-```php
-// shorter version
-$stream->end('bye');
-// same as longer version
-$stream->write('bye');
-$stream->end();
-```
-After calling this method, the stream MUST switch into a non-writable
-mode, see also `isWritable()`.
-This means that no further writes are possible, so any additional
-`write()` or `end()` calls have no effect.
-```php
-$stream->end();
-assert($stream->isWritable() === false);
-$stream->write('nope'); // NO-OP
-$stream->end(); // NO-OP
-```
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, calling this method SHOULD
-also end its readable side, unless the stream supports half-open mode.
-In other words, after calling this method, these streams SHOULD switch
-into non-writable AND non-readable mode, see also `isReadable()`.
-This implies that in this case, the stream SHOULD NOT emit any `data`
-or `end` events anymore.
-Streams MAY choose to use the `pause()` method logic for this, but
-special care may have to be taken to ensure a following call to the
-`resume()` method SHOULD NOT continue emitting readable events.
-Note that this method should not be confused with the `close()` method.
-#### close()
-The `close(): void` method can be used to
-close the stream (forcefully).
-This method can be used to forcefully close the stream, i.e. close
-the stream without waiting for any buffered data to be flushed.
-If there's still data in the buffer, this data SHOULD be discarded.
-```php
-$stream->close();
-```
-Once the stream is closed, it SHOULD emit a `close` event.
-Note that this event SHOULD NOT be emitted more than once, in particular
-if this method is called multiple times.
-After calling this method, the stream MUST switch into a non-writable
-mode, see also `isWritable()`.
-This means that no further writes are possible, so any additional
-`write()` or `end()` calls have no effect.
-```php
-$stream->close();
-assert($stream->isWritable() === false);
-$stream->write('nope'); // NO-OP
-$stream->end(); // NO-OP
-```
-Note that this method should not be confused with the `end()` method.
-Unlike the `end()` method, this method does not take care of any existing
-buffers and simply discards any buffer contents.
-Likewise, this method may also be called after calling `end()` on a
-stream in order to stop waiting for the stream to flush its final data.
-```php
-$stream->end();
-Loop::addTimer(1.0, function () use ($stream) {
-    $stream->close();
-});
-```
-If this stream is a `DuplexStreamInterface`, you should also notice
-how the readable side of the stream also implements a `close()` method.
-In other words, after calling this method, the stream MUST switch into
-non-writable AND non-readable mode, see also `isReadable()`.
-### DuplexStreamInterface
-The `DuplexStreamInterface` is responsible for providing an interface for
-duplex streams (both readable and writable).
-It builds on top of the existing interfaces for readable and writable streams
-and follows the exact same method and event semantics.
-If you're new to this concept, you should look into the
-`ReadableStreamInterface` and `WritableStreamInterface` first.
-Besides defining a few methods, this interface also implements the
-`EventEmitterInterface` which allows you to react to the same events defined
-on the `ReadbleStreamInterface` and `WritableStreamInterface`.
-The event callback functions MUST be a valid `callable` that obeys strict
-parameter definitions and MUST accept event parameters exactly as documented.
-The event callback functions MUST NOT throw an `Exception`.
-The return value of the event callback functions will be ignored and has no
-effect, so for performance reasons you're recommended to not return any
-excessive data structures.
-Every implementation of this interface MUST follow these event semantics in
-order to be considered a well-behaving stream.
-> Note that higher-level implementations of this interface may choose to
-  define additional events with dedicated semantics not defined as part of
-  this low-level stream specification. Conformance with these event semantics
-  is out of scope for this interface, so you may also have to refer to the
-  documentation of such a higher-level implementation.
-See also [`ReadableStreamInterface`](#readablestreaminterface) and
-[`WritableStreamInterface`](#writablestreaminterface) for more details.
-## Creating streams
-ReactPHP uses the concept of "streams" throughout its ecosystem, so that
-many higher-level consumers of this package only deal with
-[stream usage](#stream-usage).
-This implies that stream instances are most often created within some
-higher-level components and many consumers never actually have to deal with
-creating a stream instance.
-* Use [react/socket](https://github.com/reactphp/socket)
-  if you want to accept incoming or establish outgoing plaintext TCP/IP or
-  secure TLS socket connection streams.
-* Use [react/http](https://github.com/reactphp/http)
-  if you want to receive an incoming HTTP request body streams.
-* Use [react/child-process](https://github.com/reactphp/child-process)
-  if you want to communicate with child processes via process pipes such as
-  STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR etc.
-* Use experimental [react/filesystem](https://github.com/reactphp/filesystem)
-  if you want to read from / write to the filesystem.
-* See also the last chapter for [more real-world applications](#more).
-However, if you are writing a lower-level component or want to create a stream
-instance from a stream resource, then the following chapter is for you.
-> Note that the following examples use `fopen()` and `stream_socket_client()`
-  for illustration purposes only.
-  These functions SHOULD NOT be used in a truly async program because each call
-  may take several seconds to complete and would block the EventLoop otherwise.
-  Additionally, the `fopen()` call will return a file handle on some platforms
-  which may or may not be supported by all EventLoop implementations.
-  As an alternative, you may want to use higher-level libraries listed above.
-### ReadableResourceStream
-The `ReadableResourceStream` is a concrete implementation of the
-[`ReadableStreamInterface`](#readablestreaminterface) for PHP's stream resources.
-This can be used to represent a read-only resource like a file stream opened in
-readable mode or a stream such as `STDIN`:
-```php
-$stream = new ReadableResourceStream(STDIN);
-$stream->on('data', function ($chunk) {
-    echo $chunk;
-});
-$stream->on('end', function () {
-    echo 'END';
-});
-```
-See also [`ReadableStreamInterface`](#readablestreaminterface) for more details.
-The first parameter given to the constructor MUST be a valid stream resource
-that is opened in reading mode (e.g. `fopen()` mode `r`).
-Otherwise, it will throw an `InvalidArgumentException`:
-```php
-// throws InvalidArgumentException
-$stream = new ReadableResourceStream(false);
-```
-See also the [`DuplexResourceStream`](#readableresourcestream) for read-and-write
-stream resources otherwise.
-Internally, this class tries to enable non-blocking mode on the stream resource
-which may not be supported for all stream resources.
-Most notably, this is not supported by pipes on Windows (STDIN etc.).
-If this fails, it will throw a `RuntimeException`:
-```php
-// throws RuntimeException on Windows
-$stream = new ReadableResourceStream(STDIN);
-```
-Once the constructor is called with a valid stream resource, this class will
-take care of the underlying stream resource.
-You SHOULD only use its public API and SHOULD NOT interfere with the underlying
-stream resource manually.
-This class takes an optional `LoopInterface|null $loop` parameter that can be used to
-pass the event loop instance to use for this object. You can use a `null` value
-here in order to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
-This value SHOULD NOT be given unless you're sure you want to explicitly use a
-given event loop instance.
-This class takes an optional `int|null $readChunkSize` parameter that controls
-the maximum buffer size in bytes to read at once from the stream.
-You can use a `null` value here in order to apply its default value.
-This value SHOULD NOT be changed unless you know what you're doing.
-This can be a positive number which means that up to X bytes will be read
-at once from the underlying stream resource. Note that the actual number
-of bytes read may be lower if the stream resource has less than X bytes
-currently available.
-This can be `-1` which means "read everything available" from the
-underlying stream resource.
-This should read until the stream resource is not readable anymore
-(i.e. underlying buffer drained), note that this does not neccessarily
-mean it reached EOF.
-```php
-$stream = new ReadableResourceStream(STDIN, null, 8192);
-```
-> PHP bug warning: If the PHP process has explicitly been started without a
-  `STDIN` stream, then trying to read from `STDIN` may return data from
-  another stream resource. This does not happen if you start this with an empty
-  stream like `php test.php < /dev/null` instead of `php test.php <&-`.
-  See [#81](https://github.com/reactphp/stream/issues/81) for more details.
-> Changelog: As of v1.2.0 the `$loop` parameter can be omitted (or skipped with a
-  `null` value) to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
-### WritableResourceStream
-The `WritableResourceStream` is a concrete implementation of the
-[`WritableStreamInterface`](#writablestreaminterface) for PHP's stream resources.
-This can be used to represent a write-only resource like a file stream opened in
-writable mode or a stream such as `STDOUT` or `STDERR`:
-```php
-$stream = new WritableResourceStream(STDOUT);
-$stream->write('hello!');
-$stream->end();
-```
-See also [`WritableStreamInterface`](#writablestreaminterface) for more details.
-The first parameter given to the constructor MUST be a valid stream resource
-that is opened for writing.
-Otherwise, it will throw an `InvalidArgumentException`:
-```php
-// throws InvalidArgumentException
-$stream = new WritableResourceStream(false);
-```
-See also the [`DuplexResourceStream`](#readableresourcestream) for read-and-write
-stream resources otherwise.
-Internally, this class tries to enable non-blocking mode on the stream resource
-which may not be supported for all stream resources.
-Most notably, this is not supported by pipes on Windows (STDOUT, STDERR etc.).
-If this fails, it will throw a `RuntimeException`:
-```php
-// throws RuntimeException on Windows
-$stream = new WritableResourceStream(STDOUT);
-```
-Once the constructor is called with a valid stream resource, this class will
-take care of the underlying stream resource.
-You SHOULD only use its public API and SHOULD NOT interfere with the underlying
-stream resource manually.
-Any `write()` calls to this class will not be performed instantly, but will
-be performed asynchronously, once the EventLoop reports the stream resource is
-ready to accept data.
-For this, it uses an in-memory buffer string to collect all outstanding writes.
-This buffer has a soft-limit applied which defines how much data it is willing
-to accept before the caller SHOULD stop sending further data.
-This class takes an optional `LoopInterface|null $loop` parameter that can be used to
-pass the event loop instance to use for this object. You can use a `null` value
-here in order to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
-This value SHOULD NOT be given unless you're sure you want to explicitly use a
-given event loop instance.
-This class takes an optional `int|null $writeBufferSoftLimit` parameter that controls
-this maximum buffer size in bytes.
-You can use a `null` value here in order to apply its default value.
-This value SHOULD NOT be changed unless you know what you're doing.
-```php
-$stream = new WritableResourceStream(STDOUT, null, 8192);
-```
-This class takes an optional `int|null $writeChunkSize` parameter that controls
-this maximum buffer size in bytes to write at once to the stream.
-You can use a `null` value here in order to apply its default value.
-This value SHOULD NOT be changed unless you know what you're doing.
-This can be a positive number which means that up to X bytes will be written
-at once to the underlying stream resource. Note that the actual number
-of bytes written may be lower if the stream resource has less than X bytes
-currently available.
-This can be `-1` which means "write everything available" to the
-underlying stream resource.
-```php
-$stream = new WritableResourceStream(STDOUT, null, null, 8192);
-```
-See also [`write()`](#write) for more details.
-> Changelog: As of v1.2.0 the `$loop` parameter can be omitted (or skipped with a
-  `null` value) to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
-### DuplexResourceStream
-The `DuplexResourceStream` is a concrete implementation of the
-[`DuplexStreamInterface`](#duplexstreaminterface) for PHP's stream resources.
-This can be used to represent a read-and-write resource like a file stream opened
-in read and write mode mode or a stream such as a TCP/IP connection:
-```php
-$conn = stream_socket_client('tcp://google.com:80');
-$stream = new DuplexResourceStream($conn);
-$stream->write('hello!');
-$stream->end();
-```
-See also [`DuplexStreamInterface`](#duplexstreaminterface) for more details.
-The first parameter given to the constructor MUST be a valid stream resource
-that is opened for reading *and* writing.
-Otherwise, it will throw an `InvalidArgumentException`:
-```php
-// throws InvalidArgumentException
-$stream = new DuplexResourceStream(false);
-```
-See also the [`ReadableResourceStream`](#readableresourcestream) for read-only
-and the [`WritableResourceStream`](#writableresourcestream) for write-only
-stream resources otherwise.
-Internally, this class tries to enable non-blocking mode on the stream resource
-which may not be supported for all stream resources.
-Most notably, this is not supported by pipes on Windows (STDOUT, STDERR etc.).
-If this fails, it will throw a `RuntimeException`:
-```php
-// throws RuntimeException on Windows
-$stream = new DuplexResourceStream(STDOUT);
-```
-Once the constructor is called with a valid stream resource, this class will
-take care of the underlying stream resource.
-You SHOULD only use its public API and SHOULD NOT interfere with the underlying
-stream resource manually.
-This class takes an optional `LoopInterface|null $loop` parameter that can be used to
-pass the event loop instance to use for this object. You can use a `null` value
-here in order to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
-This value SHOULD NOT be given unless you're sure you want to explicitly use a
-given event loop instance.
-This class takes an optional `int|null $readChunkSize` parameter that controls
-the maximum buffer size in bytes to read at once from the stream.
-You can use a `null` value here in order to apply its default value.
-This value SHOULD NOT be changed unless you know what you're doing.
-This can be a positive number which means that up to X bytes will be read
-at once from the underlying stream resource. Note that the actual number
-of bytes read may be lower if the stream resource has less than X bytes
-currently available.
-This can be `-1` which means "read everything available" from the
-underlying stream resource.
-This should read until the stream resource is not readable anymore
-(i.e. underlying buffer drained), note that this does not neccessarily
-mean it reached EOF.
-```php
-$conn = stream_socket_client('tcp://google.com:80');
-$stream = new DuplexResourceStream($conn, null, 8192);
-```
-Any `write()` calls to this class will not be performed instantly, but will
-be performed asynchronously, once the EventLoop reports the stream resource is
-ready to accept data.
-For this, it uses an in-memory buffer string to collect all outstanding writes.
-This buffer has a soft-limit applied which defines how much data it is willing
-to accept before the caller SHOULD stop sending further data.
-This class takes another optional `WritableStreamInterface|null $buffer` parameter
-that controls this write behavior of this stream.
-You can use a `null` value here in order to apply its default value.
-This value SHOULD NOT be changed unless you know what you're doing.
-If you want to change the write buffer soft limit, you can pass an instance of
-[`WritableResourceStream`](#writableresourcestream) like this:
-```php
-$conn = stream_socket_client('tcp://google.com:80');
-$buffer = new WritableResourceStream($conn, null, 8192);
-$stream = new DuplexResourceStream($conn, null, null, $buffer);
-```
-See also [`WritableResourceStream`](#writableresourcestream) for more details.
-> Changelog: As of v1.2.0 the `$loop` parameter can be omitted (or skipped with a
-  `null` value) to use the [default loop](https://github.com/reactphp/event-loop#loop).
-### ThroughStream
-The `ThroughStream` implements the
-[`DuplexStreamInterface`](#duplexstreaminterface) and will simply pass any data
-you write to it through to its readable end.
-```php
-$through = new ThroughStream();
-$through->on('data', $this->expectCallableOnceWith('hello'));
-$through->write('hello');
-```
-Similarly, the [`end()` method](#end) will end the stream and emit an
-[`end` event](#end-event) and then [`close()`](#close-1) the stream.
-The [`close()` method](#close-1) will close the stream and emit a
-[`close` event](#close-event).
-Accordingly, this is can also be used in a [`pipe()`](#pipe) context like this:
-```php
-$through = new ThroughStream();
-$source->pipe($through)->pipe($dest);
-```
-Optionally, its constructor accepts any callable function which will then be
-used to *filter* any data written to it. This function receives a single data
-argument as passed to the writable side and must return the data as it will be
-passed to its readable end:
-```php
-$through = new ThroughStream('strtoupper');
-$source->pipe($through)->pipe($dest);
-```
-Note that this class makes no assumptions about any data types. This can be
-used to convert data, for example for transforming any structured data into
-a newline-delimited JSON (NDJSON) stream like this:
-```php
-$through = new ThroughStream(function ($data) {
-    return json_encode($data) . PHP_EOL;
-});
-$through->on('data', $this->expectCallableOnceWith("[2, true]\n"));
-$through->write(array(2, true));
-```
-The callback function is allowed to throw an `Exception`. In this case,
-the stream will emit an `error` event and then [`close()`](#close-1) the stream.
-```php
-$through = new ThroughStream(function ($data) {
-    if (!is_string($data)) {
-        throw new \UnexpectedValueException('Only strings allowed');
-    }
-    return $data;
-});
-$through->on('error', $this->expectCallableOnce()));
-$through->on('close', $this->expectCallableOnce()));
-$through->on('data', $this->expectCallableNever()));
-$through->write(2);
-```
-### CompositeStream
-The `CompositeStream` implements the
-[`DuplexStreamInterface`](#duplexstreaminterface) and can be used to create a
-single duplex stream from two individual streams implementing
-[`ReadableStreamInterface`](#readablestreaminterface) and
-[`WritableStreamInterface`](#writablestreaminterface) respectively.
-This is useful for some APIs which may require a single
-[`DuplexStreamInterface`](#duplexstreaminterface) or simply because it's often
-more convenient to work with a single stream instance like this:
-```php
-$stdin = new ReadableResourceStream(STDIN);
-$stdout = new WritableResourceStream(STDOUT);
-$stdio = new CompositeStream($stdin, $stdout);
-$stdio->on('data', function ($chunk) use ($stdio) {
-    $stdio->write('You said: ' . $chunk);
-});
-```
-This is a well-behaving stream which forwards all stream events from the
-underlying streams and forwards all streams calls to the underlying streams.
-If you `write()` to the duplex stream, it will simply `write()` to the
-writable side and return its status.
-If you `end()` the duplex stream, it will `end()` the writable side and will
-`pause()` the readable side.
-If you `close()` the duplex stream, both input streams will be closed.
-If either of the two input streams emits a `close` event, the duplex stream
-will also close.
-If either of the two input streams is already closed while constructing the
-duplex stream, it will `close()` the other side and return a closed stream.
-## Usage
-The following example can be used to pipe the contents of a source file into
-a destination file without having to ever read the whole file into memory:
-```php
-$source = new React\Stream\ReadableResourceStream(fopen('source.txt', 'r'));
-$dest = new React\Stream\WritableResourceStream(fopen('destination.txt', 'w'));
-$source->pipe($dest);
-```
-> Note that this example uses `fopen()` for illustration purposes only.
-  This should not be used in a truly async program because the filesystem is
-  inherently blocking and each call could potentially take several seconds.
-  See also [creating streams](#creating-streams) for more sophisticated
-  examples.
-## Install
-The recommended way to install this library is [through Composer](https://getcomposer.org).
-[New to Composer?](https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md)
-This project follows [SemVer](https://semver.org/).
-This will install the latest supported version:
-```bash
-composer require react/stream:^1.4
-```
-See also the [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) for details about version upgrades.
-This project aims to run on any platform and thus does not require any PHP
-extensions and supports running on legacy PHP 5.3 through current PHP 8+ and HHVM.
-It's *highly recommended to use PHP 7+* for this project due to its vast
-performance improvements.
-## Tests
-To run the test suite, you first need to clone this repo and then install all
-dependencies [through Composer](https://getcomposer.org):
-```bash
-composer install
-```
-To run the test suite, go to the project root and run:
-```bash
-vendor/bin/phpunit
-```
-The test suite also contains a number of functional integration tests that rely
-on a stable internet connection.
-If you do not want to run these, they can simply be skipped like this:
-```bash
-vendor/bin/phpunit --exclude-group internet
-```
-## License
-MIT, see [LICENSE file](LICENSE).
-## More
-* See [creating streams](#creating-streams) for more information on how streams
-  are created in real-world applications.
-* See our [users wiki](https://github.com/reactphp/react/wiki/Users) and the
-  [dependents on Packagist](https://packagist.org/packages/react/stream/dependents)
-  for a list of packages that use streams in real-world applications.