@asamuzakjp/dom-selector 8.1.4 → 8.2.0

package/src/js/finder.js

@@ -3,15 +3,8 @@
  */
 
 /* import */
-import {
-  matchAttributeSelector,
-  matchDirectionPseudoClass,
-  matchDisabledPseudoClass,
-  matchLanguagePseudoClass,
-  matchPseudoElementSelector,
-  matchReadOnlyPseudoClass,
-  matchTypeSelector
-} from './matcher.js';
+import { Evaluator } from './evaluator.js';
+import { matchPseudoElementSelector } from './matcher.js';
 import {
   generateCSS,
   parseSelector,
@@ -20,2285 +13,195 @@ import {
   walkAST
 } from './parser.js';
 import { createHasValidator, isInvalidCombinator } from './selector.js';
-import {
-  filterNodesByAnB,
-  findBestSeed,
-  generateException,
-  isCustomElement,
-  isFocusVisible,
-  isFocusableArea,
-  isVisible,
-  populateHasAllowlist,
-  resolveContent,
-  sortNodes,
-  traverseNode
-} from './utility.js';
+import { generateException, sortNodes, traverseNode } from './utility.js';
 
 /* constants */
 import {
-  ATTR_SELECTOR,
   CLASS_SELECTOR,
   COMBINATOR,
   DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE,
   ELEMENT_NODE,
-  FORM_PARTS,
-  HEX,
   ID_SELECTOR,
-  INPUT_CHECK,
-  INPUT_DATE,
-  INPUT_EDIT,
-  INPUT_TEXT,
-  KEYS_LOGICAL,
-  NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR,
-  PS_CLASS_SELECTOR,
   PS_ELEMENT_SELECTOR,
-  SHOW_ALL,
-  SHOW_CONTAINER,
   SYNTAX_ERR,
   TARGET_ALL,
   TARGET_FIRST,
   TARGET_LINEAL,
   TARGET_SELF,
-  TEXT_NODE,
   TYPE_SELECTOR
 } from './constant.js';
-const ANB_FIRST = { a: 0, b: 1 };
-const ANB_LAST = { a: 0, b: 1, reverse: true };
 const DIR_NEXT = 'next';
 const DIR_PREV = 'prev';
-const KEYS_FORM = new Set([...FORM_PARTS, 'fieldset', 'form']);
-const KEYS_FORM_PS_VALID = new Set([...FORM_PARTS, 'form']);
-const KEYS_INPUT_CHECK = new Set(INPUT_CHECK);
-const KEYS_INPUT_PLACEHOLDER = new Set([...INPUT_TEXT, 'number']);
-const KEYS_INPUT_RANGE = new Set([...INPUT_DATE, 'number', 'range']);
-const KEYS_INPUT_REQUIRED = new Set([...INPUT_CHECK, ...INPUT_EDIT, 'file']);
-const KEYS_INPUT_RESET = new Set(['button', 'reset']);
-const KEYS_INPUT_SUBMIT = new Set(['image', 'submit']);
-const KEYS_MODIFIER = new Set([
-  'Alt',
-  'AltGraph',
-  'CapsLock',
-  'Control',
-  'Fn',
-  'FnLock',
-  'Hyper',
-  'Meta',
-  'NumLock',
-  'ScrollLock',
-  'Shift',
-  'Super',
-  'Symbol',
-  'SymbolLock'
-]);
-const KEYS_PS_UNCACHE = new Set([
-  'any-link',
-  'defined',
-  'dir',
-  'link',
-  'scope'
-]);
-const KEYS_PS_NTH_OF_TYPE = new Set([
-  'first-of-type',
-  'last-of-type',
-  'only-of-type'
-]);
 
 /**
  * Finder
  * NOTE: #ast[i] corresponds to #nodes[i]
  */
-export class Finder {
+export class Finder extends Evaluator {
   /* private fields */
-  #anbCache;
   #ast;
-  #astCache = new WeakMap();
-  #check;
-  #descendant;
-  #document;
-  #documentCache = new WeakMap();
-  #documentURL;
-  #event;
-  #eventHandlers;
-  #filterLeavesCache;
-  #focus;
-  #focusWithinCache;
-  #invalidate;
-  #invalidateResults;
-  #lastFocusVisible;
-  #node;
   #nodeWalker;
   #nodes;
-  #noexcept;
-  #nthChildCache;
-  #nthChildOfCache;
-  #nthChildResultCache;
-  #nthOfTypeCache;
-  #nthOfTypeResultCache;
-  #psDefaultCache;
-  #psDirCache;
-  #psHasFilterCache;
-  #psIndeterminateCache;
-  #psLangCache;
-  #psValidCache;
-  #pseudoElement;
-  #results;
-  #root;
   #rootWalker;
   #scoped;
   #selector;
   #selectorAST;
-  #shadow;
-  #targetWithinCache;
-  #verifyShadowHost;
-  #walkers;
-  #warn;
-  #window;
-
-  /**
-   * constructor
-   * @param {object} window - The window object.
-   */
-  constructor(window) {
-    this.#window = window;
-    this.#eventHandlers = new Set([
-      {
-        keys: ['focus', 'focusin'],
-        handler: this._handleFocusEvent
-      },
-      {
-        keys: ['keydown', 'keyup'],
-        handler: this._handleKeyboardEvent
-      },
-      {
-        keys: ['mouseover', 'mousedown', 'mouseup', 'click', 'mouseout'],
-        handler: this._handleMouseEvent
-      }
-    ]);
-    this._registerEventListeners();
-    this.clearResults(true);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Handles errors.
-   * @param {Error} e - The error object.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.noexcept] - If true, exceptions are not thrown.
-   * @throws {Error} Throws an error.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  onError = (e, opt = {}) => {
-    const noexcept = opt.noexcept ?? this.#noexcept;
-    if (noexcept) {
-      return;
-    }
-    const isDOMException =
-      e instanceof DOMException || e instanceof this.#window.DOMException;
-    if (isDOMException) {
-      if (e.name === NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR) {
-        if (this.#warn) {
-          console.warn(e.message);
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-      throw new this.#window.DOMException(e.message, e.name);
-    }
-    if (e.name in this.#window) {
-      throw new this.#window[e.name](e.message, { cause: e });
-    }
-    throw e;
-  };
 
   /**
    * Sets up the finder.
    * @param {string} selector - The CSS selector.
    * @param {object} node - Document, DocumentFragment, or Element.
    * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.check] - Indicates if running in internal check().
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.noexcept] - If true, exceptions are not thrown.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.warn] - If true, console warnings are enabled.
+   * @param {boolean} [opt.check] - True if running in internal check.
+   * @param {boolean} [opt.noexcept] - True to suppress exceptions.
+   * @param {boolean} [opt.warn] - True to enable console warnings.
    * @returns {object} The finder instance.
-   */
-  setup = (selector, node, opt = {}) => {
-    const { check, noexcept, warn } = opt;
-    this.#check = !!check;
-    this.#noexcept = !!noexcept;
-    this.#warn = !!warn;
-    [this.#document, this.#root, this.#shadow] = resolveContent(node);
-    this.#documentURL = null;
-    this.#node = node;
-    this.#scoped =
-      this.#node !== this.#root && this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE;
-    this.#selector = selector;
-    this.#pseudoElement = [];
-    this.#walkers = null;
-    this.#nodeWalker = null;
-    this.#rootWalker = null;
-    this.#verifyShadowHost = null;
-    this.clearResults();
-    return this;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Clear cached results.
-   * @param {boolean} all - Clear all results.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  clearResults = (all = false) => {
-    this.#anbCache = null;
-    this.#focusWithinCache = null;
-    this.#invalidateResults = null;
-    this.#nthChildCache = null;
-    this.#nthChildOfCache = null;
-    this.#nthChildResultCache = null;
-    this.#nthOfTypeCache = null;
-    this.#nthOfTypeResultCache = null;
-    this.#psDefaultCache = null;
-    this.#psDirCache = null;
-    this.#psHasFilterCache = null;
-    this.#psIndeterminateCache = null;
-    this.#psLangCache = null;
-    this.#psValidCache = null;
-    this.#targetWithinCache = null;
-    if (all) {
-      this.#filterLeavesCache = null;
-      this.#results = new WeakMap();
-    }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Handles focus events.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Event} evt - The event object.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  _handleFocusEvent = evt => {
-    this.#focus = evt;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Handles keyboard events.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Event} evt - The event object.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  _handleKeyboardEvent = evt => {
-    const { key } = evt;
-    if (!KEYS_MODIFIER.has(key)) {
-      this.#event = evt;
-    }
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Handles mouse events.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Event} evt - The event object.
-   * @returns {void}
-   */
-  _handleMouseEvent = evt => {
-    this.#event = evt;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Registers event listeners.
-   * @private
-   * @returns {Array.<void>} An array of return values from addEventListener.
-   */
-  _registerEventListeners = () => {
-    const func = [];
-    for (const eventHandler of this.#eventHandlers) {
-      const { keys, handler } = eventHandler;
-      const l = keys.length;
-      for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-        const key = keys[i];
-        func.push(
-          this.#window.addEventListener(key, handler, {
-            capture: true,
-            passive: true
-          })
-        );
-      }
-    }
-    return func;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Processes selector branches into the internal AST structure.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array.<Array.<object>>} branches - The branches from walkAST.
-   * @param {string} selector - The original selector for error reporting.
-   * @returns {{ast: Array, descendant: boolean}} An object with the AST, descendant flag.
-   */
-  _processSelectorBranches = (branches, selector) => {
-    let descendant = false;
-    const ast = [];
-    for (const items of branches) {
-      const branch = [];
-      let prevType = null;
-      const itemsLen = items.length;
-      if (itemsLen) {
-        const leaves = new Set();
-        for (let j = 0; j < itemsLen; j++) {
-          const item = items[j];
-          const isLast = j === itemsLen - 1;
-          if (isInvalidCombinator(item.type, prevType, isLast)) {
-            const msg = `Invalid selector ${selector}`;
-            this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-            return { ast: [], descendant: false, invalidate: false };
-          }
-          if (item.type === COMBINATOR) {
-            if (item.name === ' ' || item.name === '>') {
-              descendant = true;
-            }
-            branch.push({ combo: item, leaves: sortAST(leaves) });
-            leaves.clear();
-          } else {
-            if (item.name && typeof item.name === 'string') {
-              const unescapedName = unescapeSelector(item.name);
-              if (unescapedName !== item.name) {
-                item.name = unescapedName;
-              }
-              if (/[|:]/.test(unescapedName)) {
-                item.namespace = true;
-              }
-            }
-            leaves.add(item);
-          }
-          prevType = item.type;
-          if (isLast) {
-            branch.push({ combo: null, leaves: sortAST(leaves) });
-            leaves.clear();
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      ast.push({ branch, dir: null, filtered: false, find: false });
-    }
-    return { ast, descendant };
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Corresponds AST and nodes.
-   * @private
-   * @param {string} selector - The CSS selector.
-   * @returns {Array.<Array.<object>>} An array with the AST and nodes.
-   */
-  _correspond = selector => {
-    const nodes = [];
-    this.#descendant = false;
-    this.#invalidate = false;
-    let ast;
-    if (this.#documentCache.has(this.#document)) {
-      const cachedItem = this.#documentCache.get(this.#document);
-      if (cachedItem && cachedItem.has(`${selector}`)) {
-        const item = cachedItem.get(`${selector}`);
-        ast = item.ast;
-        this.#descendant = item.descendant;
-        this.#invalidate = item.invalidate;
-        this.#selectorAST = item.selectorAST;
-      }
-    }
-    if (ast) {
-      const l = ast.length;
-      for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-        ast[i].dir = null;
-        ast[i].filtered = false;
-        ast[i].find = false;
-        nodes[i] = [];
-      }
-    } else {
-      this.#selectorAST = parseSelector(selector);
-      const { branches, info } = walkAST(
-        this.#selectorAST,
-        true,
-        createHasValidator(this.#window)
-      );
-      const {
-        hasHasPseudoFunc,
-        hasLogicalPseudoFunc,
-        hasNthChildOfSelector,
-        hasStatePseudoClass,
-        hasUnsupportedPseudoClass
-      } = info;
-      this.#invalidate =
-        hasHasPseudoFunc ||
-        hasStatePseudoClass ||
-        hasUnsupportedPseudoClass ||
-        !!(hasLogicalPseudoFunc && hasNthChildOfSelector);
-      const processed = this._processSelectorBranches(branches, selector);
-      ast = processed.ast;
-      this.#descendant = processed.descendant;
-      let cachedItem;
-      if (this.#documentCache.has(this.#document)) {
-        cachedItem = this.#documentCache.get(this.#document);
-      } else {
-        cachedItem = new Map();
-      }
-      cachedItem.set(`${selector}`, {
-        ast,
-        descendant: this.#descendant,
-        invalidate: this.#invalidate,
-        selectorAST: this.#selectorAST
-      });
-      this.#documentCache.set(this.#document, cachedItem);
-      // Initialize nodes array for each branch.
-      for (let i = 0; i < ast.length; i++) {
-        nodes[i] = [];
-      }
-    }
-    return [ast, nodes];
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Creates a TreeWalker.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} node - The Document, DocumentFragment, or Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.force] - Force creation of a new TreeWalker.
-   * @param {number} [opt.whatToShow] - The NodeFilter whatToShow value.
-   * @returns {object} The TreeWalker object.
-   */
-  _createTreeWalker = (node, opt = {}) => {
-    const { force = false, whatToShow = SHOW_CONTAINER } = opt;
-    if (force) {
-      return this.#document.createTreeWalker(node, whatToShow);
-    }
-    if (!this.#walkers) {
-      this.#walkers = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    if (this.#walkers.has(node)) {
-      return this.#walkers.get(node);
-    }
-    const walker = this.#document.createTreeWalker(node, whatToShow);
-    this.#walkers.set(node, walker);
-    return walker;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Gets selector branches from cache or parses them.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} selector - The AST.
-   * @returns {Array.<Array.<object>>} The selector branches.
-   */
-  _getSelectorBranches = selector => {
-    if (this.#astCache.has(selector)) {
-      return this.#astCache.get(selector);
-    }
-    const { branches } = walkAST(selector);
-    this.#astCache.set(selector, branches);
-    return branches;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the children of a node, optionally filtered by a selector.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} parentNode - The parent element.
-   * @param {Array.<Array.<object>>} selectorBranches - The selector branches.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {Array.<object>} An array of child nodes.
-   */
-  _getFilteredChildren = (parentNode, selectorBranches, opt) => {
-    const children = [];
-    let childNode = parentNode.firstElementChild;
-    while (childNode) {
-      if (selectorBranches) {
-        let isMatch = false;
-        const l = selectorBranches.length;
-        for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-          const leaves = selectorBranches[i];
-          if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, childNode, opt)) {
-            isMatch = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (isMatch) {
-          if (this.#node === childNode) {
-            children.push(childNode);
-          } else if (isVisible(childNode)) {
-            children.push(childNode);
-          }
-        }
-      } else {
-        children.push(childNode);
-      }
-      childNode = childNode.nextElementSibling;
-    }
-    return children;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Collects nth-child nodes.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} anb - An+B options.
-   * @param {number} anb.a - The 'a' value.
-   * @param {number} anb.b - The 'b' value.
-   * @param {boolean} [anb.reverse] - If true, reverses the order.
-   * @param {object} [anb.selector] - The selector for 'of S'.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
-   */
-  _collectNthChild = (anb, node, opt) => {
-    const { a, b, selector } = anb;
-    const { parentNode } = node;
-    if (!parentNode) {
-      const matchedNode = new Set();
-      if (node === this.#root && a * 1 + b * 1 === 1) {
-        if (selector) {
-          const selectorBranches = this._getSelectorBranches(selector);
-          const l = selectorBranches.length;
-          for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-            const leaves = selectorBranches[i];
-            if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, node, opt)) {
-              matchedNode.add(node);
-              break;
-            }
-          }
-        } else {
-          matchedNode.add(node);
-        }
-      }
-      return matchedNode;
-    }
-    if (!this.#nthChildResultCache) {
-      this.#nthChildResultCache = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    let parentResultCache = this.#nthChildResultCache.get(parentNode);
-    if (!parentResultCache) {
-      parentResultCache = new WeakMap();
-      this.#nthChildResultCache.set(parentNode, parentResultCache);
-    }
-    const cachedSet = parentResultCache.get(anb);
-    if (cachedSet) {
-      return cachedSet;
-    }
-    let siblings;
-    if (selector) {
-      if (!this.#nthChildOfCache) {
-        this.#nthChildOfCache = new WeakMap();
-      }
-      let parentOfCacheMap = this.#nthChildOfCache.get(parentNode);
-      if (!parentOfCacheMap) {
-        parentOfCacheMap = new Map();
-        this.#nthChildOfCache.set(parentNode, parentOfCacheMap);
-      }
-      siblings = parentOfCacheMap.get(selector);
-      if (!siblings) {
-        const selectorBranches = this._getSelectorBranches(selector);
-        siblings = this._getFilteredChildren(parentNode, selectorBranches, opt);
-        parentOfCacheMap.set(selector, siblings);
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (!this.#nthChildCache) {
-        this.#nthChildCache = new WeakMap();
-      }
-      siblings = this.#nthChildCache.get(parentNode);
-      if (!siblings) {
-        siblings = this._getFilteredChildren(parentNode, null, opt);
-        this.#nthChildCache.set(parentNode, siblings);
-      }
-    }
-    const matchedNodes = filterNodesByAnB(siblings, anb);
-    const resultSet = new Set(matchedNodes);
-    parentResultCache.set(anb, resultSet);
-    return resultSet;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Collects nth-of-type nodes.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} anb - An+B options.
-   * @param {number} anb.a - The 'a' value.
-   * @param {number} anb.b - The 'b' value.
-   * @param {boolean} [anb.reverse] - If true, reverses the order.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
-   */
-  _collectNthOfType = (anb, node) => {
-    const { localName, namespaceURI, parentNode, prefix } = node;
-    if (!parentNode) {
-      if (node === this.#root && anb.a * 1 + anb.b * 1 === 1) {
-        return new Set([node]);
-      }
-      return new Set();
-    }
-    if (!this.#nthOfTypeResultCache) {
-      this.#nthOfTypeResultCache = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    let parentResultCache = this.#nthOfTypeResultCache.get(parentNode);
-    if (!parentResultCache) {
-      parentResultCache = new WeakMap();
-      this.#nthOfTypeResultCache.set(parentNode, parentResultCache);
-    }
-    let typeResultMap = parentResultCache.get(anb);
-    if (!typeResultMap) {
-      typeResultMap = new Map();
-      parentResultCache.set(anb, typeResultMap);
-    }
-    const typeKey = `${namespaceURI || ''}|${prefix || ''}|${localName}`;
-    const cachedSet = typeResultMap.get(typeKey);
-    if (cachedSet) {
-      return cachedSet;
-    }
-    if (!this.#nthOfTypeCache) {
-      this.#nthOfTypeCache = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    let typeMap = this.#nthOfTypeCache.get(parentNode);
-    if (!typeMap) {
-      typeMap = new Map();
-      this.#nthOfTypeCache.set(parentNode, typeMap);
-    }
-    let typedSiblings = typeMap.get(typeKey);
-    if (!typedSiblings) {
-      typedSiblings = [];
-      let sibling = parentNode.firstElementChild;
-      while (sibling) {
-        if (
-          sibling.localName === localName &&
-          sibling.namespaceURI === namespaceURI &&
-          sibling.prefix === prefix
-        ) {
-          typedSiblings.push(sibling);
-        }
-        sibling = sibling.nextElementSibling;
-      }
-      typeMap.set(typeKey, typedSiblings);
-    }
-    const matchedNodes = filterNodesByAnB(typedSiblings, anb);
-    const resultSet = new Set(matchedNodes);
-    typeResultMap.set(typeKey, resultSet);
-    return resultSet;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches An+B.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {string} nthName - The name of the nth pseudo-class.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _matchAnPlusB = (ast, node, nthName, opt) => {
-    if (!this.#anbCache) {
-      this.#anbCache = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    let anb = this.#anbCache.get(ast);
-    if (!anb) {
-      const {
-        nth: { a, b, name: nthIdentName },
-        selector
-      } = ast;
-      const anbMap = new Map();
-      if (nthIdentName) {
-        if (nthIdentName === 'even') {
-          anbMap.set('a', 2);
-          anbMap.set('b', 0);
-        } else if (nthIdentName === 'odd') {
-          anbMap.set('a', 2);
-          anbMap.set('b', 1);
-        }
-        if (nthName.indexOf('last') > -1) {
-          anbMap.set('reverse', true);
-        }
-      } else {
-        if (typeof a === 'string' && /-?\d+/.test(a)) {
-          anbMap.set('a', a * 1);
-        } else {
-          anbMap.set('a', 0);
-        }
-        if (typeof b === 'string' && /-?\d+/.test(b)) {
-          anbMap.set('b', b * 1);
-        } else {
-          anbMap.set('b', 0);
-        }
-        if (nthName.indexOf('last') > -1) {
-          anbMap.set('reverse', true);
-        }
-      }
-      if (nthName === 'nth-child' || nthName === 'nth-last-child') {
-        if (selector) {
-          anbMap.set('selector', selector);
-        }
-      }
-      anb = Object.fromEntries(anbMap);
-      this.#anbCache.set(ast, anb);
-    }
-    if (nthName === 'nth-child' || nthName === 'nth-last-child') {
-      const nodes = this._collectNthChild(anb, node, opt);
-      return nodes.has(node);
-    } else if (nthName === 'nth-of-type' || nthName === 'nth-last-of-type') {
-      const nodes = this._collectNthOfType(anb, node);
-      return nodes.has(node);
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches the :has() pseudo-class function.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} astLeaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} The result.
-   */
-  _matchHasPseudoFunc = (astLeaves, node, opt = {}) => {
-    const l = astLeaves.length;
-    if (!l) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    let startIndex = 0;
-    let combo;
-    if (astLeaves[0].type === COMBINATOR) {
-      combo = astLeaves[0];
-      startIndex = 1;
-    } else {
-      combo = {
-        name: ' ',
-        type: COMBINATOR
-      };
-      startIndex = 0;
-    }
-    const twigLeaves = [];
-    let nextComboIndex = startIndex;
-    for (; nextComboIndex < l; nextComboIndex++) {
-      if (astLeaves[nextComboIndex].type === COMBINATOR) {
-        break;
-      }
-      twigLeaves.push(astLeaves[nextComboIndex]);
-    }
-    const twig = {
-      combo,
-      leaves: twigLeaves
-    };
-    opt.dir = DIR_NEXT;
-    const nodes = this._collectCombinatorMatches(twig, node, opt, []);
-    if (nodes.length) {
-      if (nextComboIndex < l) {
-        let bool = false;
-        const remainingLeaves = astLeaves.slice(nextComboIndex);
-        for (const nextNode of nodes) {
-          bool = this._matchHasPseudoFunc(remainingLeaves, nextNode, opt);
-          if (bool) {
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        return bool;
-      }
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Builds an Allowlist for the :has() branch using a sparse seed element.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array} leaves - The AST leaves of the selector branch.
-   * @returns {object|null} The wrapper object containing the WeakSet, or null.
-   */
-  _buildHasAllowlist = leaves => {
-    const { seed } = findBestSeed(leaves);
-    if (!seed) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (this.#shadow || this.#node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    let seedElements = null;
-    let isSingleNode = false;
-    if (seed.type === 'id') {
-      if (typeof this.#root.getElementById === 'function') {
-        const node = this.#root.getElementById(seed.value);
-        if (node) {
-          seedElements = node;
-          isSingleNode = true;
-        }
-      }
-    } else if (seed.type === 'class') {
-      if (typeof this.#root.getElementsByClassName === 'function') {
-        seedElements = this.#root.getElementsByClassName(seed.value);
-      }
-    } else if (seed.type === 'tag') {
-      if (typeof this.#root.getElementsByTagName === 'function') {
-        seedElements = this.#root.getElementsByTagName(seed.value);
-      }
-    }
-    if (!seedElements) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const len = isSingleNode ? 1 : seedElements.length;
-    if (len === 0 || len > HEX * HEX) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    const filterResult = {
-      seeded: true,
-      set: new WeakSet()
-    };
-    const list = filterResult.set;
-    const visitedAncestors = new Set();
-    if (this.#node) {
-      list.add(this.#node);
-    }
-    for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-      const current = isSingleNode ? seedElements : seedElements[i];
-      if (current) {
-        populateHasAllowlist(current, list, visitedAncestors);
-      }
-    }
-    return filterResult;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates :has() pseudo-class.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} astData - The AST data.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @returns {?object} The matched node.
-   */
-  _evaluateHasPseudo = (astData, node, opt = {}) => {
-    const { branches } = astData;
-    let bool = false;
-    if (!this.#psHasFilterCache) {
-      this.#psHasFilterCache = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    let rootCache = this.#psHasFilterCache.get(this.#root);
-    if (!rootCache) {
-      rootCache = new WeakMap();
-      this.#psHasFilterCache.set(this.#root, rootCache);
-    }
-    for (const leaves of branches) {
-      if (!rootCache.has(leaves)) {
-        const filterResult = this._buildHasAllowlist(leaves);
-        rootCache.set(leaves, filterResult);
-      }
-      const allowlist = rootCache.get(leaves);
-      if (
-        allowlist &&
-        allowlist.seeded &&
-        node.nodeType !== DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
-        !allowlist.set.has(node)
-      ) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      bool = this._matchHasPseudoFunc(leaves, node, opt);
-      if (bool) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (!bool) {
-      return null;
-    }
-    if (
-      (opt.isShadowRoot || this.#shadow) &&
-      node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE
-    ) {
-      return this.#verifyShadowHost ? node : null;
-    }
-    return node;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches logical pseudo-class functions.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} astData - The AST data.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} Tru if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _matchLogicalPseudoFunc = (astData, node, opt = {}) => {
-    const { astName, branches, twigBranches } = astData;
-    // Handle :has().
-    if (astName === 'has') {
-      return this._evaluateHasPseudo(astData, node, opt) === node;
-    }
-    // Handle :is(), :not(), :where().
-    const isShadowRoot =
-      (opt.isShadowRoot || this.#shadow) &&
-      node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE;
-    // Check for invalid shadow root.
-    if (isShadowRoot) {
-      let invalid = false;
-      for (const branch of branches) {
-        if (branch.length > 1) {
-          invalid = true;
-          break;
-        } else if (astName === 'not') {
-          const [{ type: childAstType }] = branch;
-          if (childAstType !== PS_CLASS_SELECTOR) {
-            invalid = true;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (invalid) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    opt.forgive = astName === 'is' || astName === 'where';
-    const l = twigBranches.length;
-    let bool;
-    for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-      const branch = twigBranches[i];
-      const lastIndex = branch.length - 1;
-      const { leaves } = branch[lastIndex];
-      bool = this._matchLeaves(leaves, node, opt);
-      if (bool && lastIndex > 0) {
-        let nextNodes = new Set([node]);
-        for (let j = lastIndex - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
-          const twig = branch[j];
-          const arr = [];
-          opt.dir = DIR_PREV;
-          for (const nextNode of nextNodes) {
-            this._collectCombinatorMatches(twig, nextNode, opt, arr);
-          }
-          if (arr.length) {
-            if (j === 0) {
-              bool = true;
-            } else {
-              nextNodes = new Set(arr);
-            }
-          } else {
-            bool = false;
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      if (bool) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (astName === 'not') {
-      return !bool;
-    }
-    return bool;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates logical pseudo-class selector.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.forgive] - Ignores unknown or invalid selectors.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.warn] - If true, console warnings are enabled.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _evaluateLogicalPseudo(ast, node, opt = {}) {
-    const { children: astChildren, name: astName } = ast;
-    if (!astChildren.length && astName !== 'is' && astName !== 'where') {
-      const css = generateCSS(ast);
-      const msg = `Invalid selector ${css}`;
-      this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-      return false;
-    }
-    let astData;
-    if (this.#astCache.has(ast)) {
-      astData = this.#astCache.get(ast);
-    } else {
-      const { branches } = walkAST(ast);
-      if (astName === 'has') {
-        astData = {
-          astName,
-          branches
-        };
-      } else {
-        const twigBranches = [];
-        const l = branches.length;
-        for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-          const leaves = branches[i];
-          const branch = [];
-          const leavesSet = new Set();
-          const leavesLen = leaves.length;
-          for (let j = 0; j < leavesLen; j++) {
-            const item = leaves[j];
-            if (item.type === COMBINATOR) {
-              branch.push({
-                combo: item,
-                leaves: [...leavesSet]
-              });
-              leavesSet.clear();
-            } else {
-              leavesSet.add(item);
-            }
-            if (j === leavesLen - 1) {
-              branch.push({
-                combo: null,
-                leaves: [...leavesSet]
-              });
-              leavesSet.clear();
-            }
-          }
-          twigBranches.push(branch);
-        }
-        astData = {
-          astName,
-          branches,
-          twigBranches
-        };
-      }
-      this.#astCache.set(ast, astData);
-    }
-    return this._matchLogicalPseudoFunc(astData, node, opt);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates pseudo-class function.
-   * @private
-   * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#pseudo-classes
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.forgive] - Ignores unknown or invalid selectors.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.warn] - If true, console warnings are enabled.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _evaluatePseudoClassFunc(ast, node, opt = {}) {
-    const { children: astChildren, name: astName } = ast;
-    const { forgive, warn = this.#warn } = opt;
-    // :nth-child(), :nth-last-child(), nth-of-type(), :nth-last-of-type()
-    if (/^nth-(?:last-)?(?:child|of-type)$/.test(astName)) {
-      if (astChildren.length !== 1) {
-        const css = generateCSS(ast);
-        this.onError(
-          generateException(`Invalid selector ${css}`, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window)
-        );
-        return false;
-      }
-      const [branch] = astChildren;
-      return this._matchAnPlusB(branch, node, astName, opt);
-    }
-    switch (astName) {
-      // :dir()
-      case 'dir': {
-        if (astChildren.length !== 1) {
-          const css = generateCSS(ast);
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Invalid selector ${css}`,
-              SYNTAX_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-          return false;
-        }
-        const [astChild] = astChildren;
-        if (!this.#psDirCache) {
-          this.#psDirCache = new WeakMap();
-        }
-        const res = matchDirectionPseudoClass(astChild, node, this.#psDirCache);
-        if (res) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      // :lang()
-      case 'lang': {
-        if (!astChildren.length) {
-          const css = generateCSS(ast);
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Invalid selector ${css}`,
-              SYNTAX_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-          return false;
-        }
-        if (!this.#psLangCache) {
-          this.#psLangCache = new WeakMap();
-        }
-        let bool;
-        for (const astChild of astChildren) {
-          bool = matchLanguagePseudoClass(astChild, node, this.#psLangCache);
-          if (bool) {
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-        if (bool) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      // :state()
-      case 'state': {
-        if (isCustomElement(node)) {
-          const [{ value: stateValue }] = astChildren;
-          if (stateValue) {
-            if (node[stateValue]) {
-              return true;
-            }
-            for (const i in node) {
-              const prop = node[i];
-              if (prop instanceof this.#window.ElementInternals) {
-                if (prop?.states?.has(stateValue)) {
-                  return true;
-                }
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'current':
-      case 'heading':
-      case 'nth-col':
-      case 'nth-last-col': {
-        if (warn) {
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Unsupported pseudo-class :${astName}()`,
-              NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      // Ignore :host() and :host-context().
-      case 'host':
-      case 'host-context': {
-        break;
-      }
-      // Deprecated in CSS Selectors 3.
-      case 'contains': {
-        if (warn) {
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Unknown pseudo-class :${astName}()`,
-              NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        if (!forgive) {
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Unknown pseudo-class :${astName}()`,
-              SYNTAX_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates *-of-type pseudo-class selector.
-   * @private
-   * @param {string} astName - The AST name.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-
-  /**
-   * Matches pseudo-class selector.
-   * @private
-   * @see https://html.spec.whatwg.org/#pseudo-classes
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.forgive] - Ignores unknown or invalid selectors.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.warn] - If true, console warnings are enabled.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>|boolean} A collection of matched nodes.
-   */
-  _matchPseudoClassSelector(ast, node, opt = {}) {
-    const { children: astChildren, name: astName } = ast;
-    const { localName, parentNode } = node;
-    const { forgive, warn = this.#warn } = opt;
-    if (Array.isArray(astChildren)) {
-      // :has(), :is(), :not(), :where()
-      if (KEYS_LOGICAL.has(astName)) {
-        return this._evaluateLogicalPseudo(ast, node, opt);
-      }
-      return this._evaluatePseudoClassFunc(ast, node, opt);
-    }
-    if (KEYS_PS_NTH_OF_TYPE.has(astName)) {
-      if (!parentNode) {
-        return node === this.#root;
-      }
-      switch (astName) {
-        case 'first-of-type': {
-          const [node1] = this._collectNthOfType(ANB_FIRST, node);
-          return node1 === node;
-        }
-        case 'last-of-type': {
-          const [node1] = this._collectNthOfType(ANB_LAST, node);
-          return node1 === node;
-        }
-        // 'only-of-type' is handled by default.
-        default: {
-          const [node1] = this._collectNthOfType(ANB_FIRST, node);
-          if (node1 === node) {
-            const [node2] = this._collectNthOfType(ANB_LAST, node);
-            return node2 === node;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      return false;
-    }
-    switch (astName) {
-      /* Elemental pseudo-classes */
-      case 'defined': {
-        if (node.hasAttribute('is') || localName.includes('-')) {
-          return isCustomElement(node);
-        }
-        return (
-          node instanceof this.#window.HTMLElement ||
-          node instanceof this.#window.SVGElement
-        );
-      }
-      /* Element display state pseudo-classes */
-      case 'open': {
-        // <select> and <input type="color"> are not supported.
-        return (
-          (localName === 'details' || localName === 'dialog') &&
-          node.hasAttribute('open')
-        );
-      }
-      case 'popover-open': {
-        // FIXME: Not implemented in jsdom
-        // @see https://github.com/jsdom/jsdom/issues/3721
-        // return node.popover && isVisible(node);
-        break;
-      }
-      /* Input pseudo-classes */
-      case 'disabled':
-      case 'enabled': {
-        return matchDisabledPseudoClass(astName, node);
-      }
-      case 'read-only':
-      case 'read-write': {
-        return matchReadOnlyPseudoClass(astName, node);
-      }
-      case 'placeholder-shown': {
-        let placeholder;
-        if (node.placeholder) {
-          placeholder = node.placeholder;
-        } else if (node.hasAttribute('placeholder')) {
-          placeholder = node.getAttribute('placeholder');
-        }
-        if (typeof placeholder === 'string' && !/[\r\n]/.test(placeholder)) {
-          let targetNode;
-          if (localName === 'textarea') {
-            targetNode = node;
-          } else if (localName === 'input') {
-            if (node.hasAttribute('type')) {
-              if (KEYS_INPUT_PLACEHOLDER.has(node.getAttribute('type'))) {
-                targetNode = node;
-              }
-            } else {
-              targetNode = node;
-            }
-          }
-          if (targetNode) {
-            return node.value === '';
-          }
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'default': {
-        // option
-        if (localName === 'option') {
-          return node.hasAttribute('selected');
-        }
-        const attrType = node.getAttribute('type');
-        // input[type="checkbox"], input[type="radio"]
-        if (
-          localName === 'input' &&
-          node.hasAttribute('type') &&
-          node.hasAttribute('checked')
-        ) {
-          return KEYS_INPUT_CHECK.has(attrType);
-        }
-        // button[type="submit"], input[type="submit"], input[type="image"]
-        if (
-          (localName === 'button' &&
-            !(node.hasAttribute('type') && KEYS_INPUT_RESET.has(attrType))) ||
-          (localName === 'input' &&
-            node.hasAttribute('type') &&
-            KEYS_INPUT_SUBMIT.has(attrType))
-        ) {
-          let form = node.parentNode;
-          while (form) {
-            if (form.localName === 'form') {
-              break;
-            }
-            form = form.parentNode;
-          }
-          if (form) {
-            if (!this.#psDefaultCache) {
-              this.#psDefaultCache = new WeakMap();
-            }
-            let defaultSubmit = this.#psDefaultCache.get(form);
-            if (!defaultSubmit) {
-              const walker = this._createTreeWalker(form, { force: true });
-              let refNode = traverseNode(form, walker);
-              refNode = walker.firstChild();
-              while (refNode) {
-                const nodeName = refNode.localName;
-                const nodeAttrType = refNode.getAttribute('type');
-                let m;
-                if (nodeName === 'button') {
-                  m = !(
-                    refNode.hasAttribute('type') &&
-                    KEYS_INPUT_RESET.has(nodeAttrType)
-                  );
-                } else if (nodeName === 'input') {
-                  m =
-                    refNode.hasAttribute('type') &&
-                    KEYS_INPUT_SUBMIT.has(nodeAttrType);
-                }
-                if (m) {
-                  defaultSubmit = refNode;
-                  break;
-                }
-                refNode = walker.nextNode();
-              }
-              this.#psDefaultCache.set(form, defaultSubmit);
-            }
-            return defaultSubmit === node;
-          }
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'checked': {
-        if (localName === 'option') {
-          return node.selected;
-        }
-        if (localName === 'input') {
-          const attrType = node.getAttribute('type');
-          return (
-            node.checked && (attrType === 'checkbox' || attrType === 'radio')
-          );
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'indeterminate': {
-        if (localName === 'progress') {
-          return !node.hasAttribute('value');
-        }
-        if (localName === 'input' && node.type === 'checkbox') {
-          return node.indeterminate;
-        }
-        if (localName === 'input' && node.type === 'radio') {
-          if (node.checked || node.hasAttribute('checked')) {
-            return false;
-          }
-          const nodeName = node.name;
-          let parent = node.parentNode;
-          while (parent) {
-            if (parent.localName === 'form') {
-              break;
-            }
-            parent = parent.parentNode;
-          }
-          if (!parent) {
-            parent = this.#document.documentElement;
-          }
-          if (!this.#psIndeterminateCache) {
-            this.#psIndeterminateCache = new WeakMap();
-          }
-          let parentCache = this.#psIndeterminateCache.get(parent);
-          if (!parentCache) {
-            parentCache = new Map();
-            this.#psIndeterminateCache.set(parent, parentCache);
-          }
-          let checked = parentCache.get(nodeName);
-          if (checked === undefined) {
-            const walker = this._createTreeWalker(parent, { force: true });
-            let refNode = traverseNode(parent, walker);
-            refNode = walker.firstChild();
-            while (refNode) {
-              if (
-                refNode.localName === 'input' &&
-                refNode.getAttribute('type') === 'radio'
-              ) {
-                if (refNode.hasAttribute('name')) {
-                  if (refNode.getAttribute('name') === nodeName) {
-                    checked = !!refNode.checked;
-                  }
-                } else {
-                  checked = !!refNode.checked;
-                }
-                if (checked) {
-                  break;
-                }
-              }
-              refNode = walker.nextNode();
-            }
-            checked = !!checked;
-            parentCache.set(nodeName, checked);
-          }
-          return !checked;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'valid':
-      case 'invalid': {
-        if (KEYS_FORM_PS_VALID.has(localName)) {
-          let valid = false;
-          if (node.checkValidity()) {
-            if (node.maxLength >= 0) {
-              if (node.maxLength >= node.value.length) {
-                valid = true;
-              }
-            } else {
-              valid = true;
-            }
-          }
-          if (astName === 'invalid') {
-            return !valid;
-          }
-          return valid;
-        }
-        if (localName === 'fieldset') {
-          if (!this.#psValidCache) {
-            this.#psValidCache = new WeakMap();
-          }
-          let valid = this.#psValidCache.get(node);
-          if (valid === undefined && !this.#psValidCache.has(node)) {
-            const walker = this._createTreeWalker(node, { force: true });
-            let refNode = traverseNode(node, walker);
-            refNode = walker.firstChild();
-            if (!refNode) {
-              valid = true;
-            } else {
-              while (refNode) {
-                if (KEYS_FORM_PS_VALID.has(refNode.localName)) {
-                  if (refNode.checkValidity()) {
-                    if (refNode.maxLength >= 0) {
-                      valid = refNode.maxLength >= refNode.value.length;
-                    } else {
-                      valid = true;
-                    }
-                  } else {
-                    valid = false;
-                  }
-                  if (!valid) {
-                    break;
-                  }
-                }
-                refNode = walker.nextNode();
-              }
-            }
-            this.#psValidCache.set(node, valid);
-          }
-          if (astName === 'invalid') {
-            return !valid;
-          }
-          return valid;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'in-range':
-      case 'out-of-range': {
-        const attrType = node.getAttribute('type');
-        if (
-          localName === 'input' &&
-          !(node.readOnly || node.hasAttribute('readonly')) &&
-          !(node.disabled || node.hasAttribute('disabled')) &&
-          KEYS_INPUT_RANGE.has(attrType)
-        ) {
-          const flowed =
-            node.validity.rangeUnderflow || node.validity.rangeOverflow;
-          if (astName === 'out-of-range') {
-            return flowed;
-          }
-          return flowed
-            ? false
-            : node.hasAttribute('min') ||
-                node.hasAttribute('max') ||
-                attrType === 'range';
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'required':
-      case 'optional': {
-        let required = false;
-        if (localName === 'select' || localName === 'textarea') {
-          if (node.required || node.hasAttribute('required')) {
-            required = true;
-          }
-        } else if (localName === 'input') {
-          if (node.hasAttribute('type')) {
-            const attrType = node.getAttribute('type');
-            if (KEYS_INPUT_REQUIRED.has(attrType)) {
-              if (node.required || node.hasAttribute('required')) {
-                required = true;
-              }
-            }
-          } else if (node.required || node.hasAttribute('required')) {
-            required = true;
-          }
-        }
-        if (astName === 'optional') {
-          return !required;
-        }
-        return required;
-      }
-      /* Location pseudo-classes */
-      case 'any-link':
-      case 'link': {
-        return (
-          (localName === 'a' || localName === 'area') &&
-          node.hasAttribute('href')
-        );
-      }
-      case 'local-link': {
-        if (
-          (localName === 'a' || localName === 'area') &&
-          node.hasAttribute('href')
-        ) {
-          if (!this.#documentURL) {
-            this.#documentURL = new URL(this.#document.URL);
-          }
-          const { href, origin, pathname } = this.#documentURL;
-          const attrURL = new URL(node.getAttribute('href'), href);
-          return attrURL.origin === origin && attrURL.pathname === pathname;
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'visited': {
-        // prevent fingerprinting
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'target': {
-        if (!this.#documentURL) {
-          this.#documentURL = new URL(this.#document.URL);
-        }
-        const { hash } = this.#documentURL;
-        return hash && hash === `#${node.id}` && this.#document.contains(node);
-      }
-      case 'scope': {
-        if (this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
-          return !this.#shadow && node === this.#node;
-        }
-        return node === this.#document.documentElement;
-      }
-      /* Tree-structural pseudo-classes */
-      case 'root': {
-        return node === this.#document.documentElement;
-      }
-      case 'empty': {
-        if (!node.hasChildNodes()) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        const walker = this._createTreeWalker(node, {
-          force: true,
-          whatToShow: SHOW_ALL
-        });
-        let refNode = walker.firstChild();
-        let bool;
-        while (refNode) {
-          bool =
-            refNode.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE && refNode.nodeType !== TEXT_NODE;
-          if (!bool) {
-            break;
-          }
-          refNode = walker.nextSibling();
-        }
-        return bool;
-      }
-      case 'first-child':
-      case 'last-child':
-      case 'only-child': {
-        if (!parentNode) {
-          return node === this.#root;
-        }
-        if (astName === 'first-child') {
-          return node === parentNode.firstElementChild;
-        }
-        if (astName === 'last-child') {
-          return node === parentNode.lastElementChild;
-        }
-        return (
-          node === parentNode.firstElementChild &&
-          node === parentNode.lastElementChild
-        );
-      }
-      /* User action pseudo-classes */
-      case 'hover': {
-        const { target, type } = this.#event ?? {};
-        return (
-          /^(?:click|mouse(?:down|over|up))$/.test(type) &&
-          target?.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
-          node.contains(target)
-        );
-      }
-      case 'active': {
-        const { buttons, target, type } = this.#event ?? {};
-        return (
-          type === 'mousedown' &&
-          buttons & 1 &&
-          target?.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
-          node.contains(target)
-        );
-      }
-      case 'focus': {
-        const activeElement = this.#document.activeElement;
-        if (activeElement.shadowRoot) {
-          const activeShadowElement = activeElement.shadowRoot.activeElement;
-          let current = activeShadowElement;
-          while (current) {
-            if (current.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE) {
-              const { host } = current;
-              if (host === activeElement) {
-                if (isFocusableArea(node)) {
-                  return true;
-                }
-                return host === node;
-              }
-            }
-            current = current.parentNode;
-          }
-        }
-        return node === activeElement && isFocusableArea(node);
-      }
-      case 'focus-visible': {
-        if (node === this.#document.activeElement && isFocusableArea(node)) {
-          let bool;
-          if (isFocusVisible(node)) {
-            bool = true;
-          } else if (this.#focus) {
-            const { relatedTarget, target: focusTarget } = this.#focus;
-            if (focusTarget === node) {
-              if (isFocusVisible(relatedTarget)) {
-                bool = true;
-              } else if (this.#event) {
-                const {
-                  altKey: eventAltKey,
-                  ctrlKey: eventCtrlKey,
-                  key: eventKey,
-                  metaKey: eventMetaKey,
-                  target: eventTarget,
-                  type: eventType
-                } = this.#event;
-                // this.#event is irrelevant if eventTarget === relatedTarget
-                if (eventTarget === relatedTarget) {
-                  if (!this.#lastFocusVisible) {
-                    bool = true;
-                  } else if (focusTarget === this.#lastFocusVisible) {
-                    bool = true;
-                  }
-                } else if (eventKey === 'Tab') {
-                  if (
-                    (eventType === 'keydown' && eventTarget !== node) ||
-                    (eventType === 'keyup' && eventTarget === node)
-                  ) {
-                    if (eventTarget === focusTarget) {
-                      if (!this.#lastFocusVisible) {
-                        bool = true;
-                      } else if (
-                        eventTarget === this.#lastFocusVisible &&
-                        relatedTarget === null
-                      ) {
-                        bool = true;
-                      }
-                    } else {
-                      bool = true;
-                    }
-                  }
-                } else if (eventKey) {
-                  if (
-                    (eventType === 'keydown' || eventType === 'keyup') &&
-                    !eventAltKey &&
-                    !eventCtrlKey &&
-                    !eventMetaKey &&
-                    eventTarget === node
-                  ) {
-                    bool = true;
-                  }
-                }
-              } else if (
-                relatedTarget === null ||
-                relatedTarget === this.#lastFocusVisible
-              ) {
-                bool = true;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          if (bool) {
-            this.#lastFocusVisible = node;
-            return bool;
-          }
-          if (this.#lastFocusVisible === node) {
-            this.#lastFocusVisible = null;
-          }
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      case 'focus-within': {
-        if (!this.#focusWithinCache) {
-          this.#focusWithinCache = new Set();
-          let currentFocus = this.#document.activeElement;
-          if (currentFocus && isFocusableArea(currentFocus)) {
-            while (currentFocus) {
-              this.#focusWithinCache.add(currentFocus);
-              if (currentFocus.parentNode) {
-                currentFocus = currentFocus.parentNode;
-              } else if (
-                currentFocus.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
-                currentFocus.host
-              ) {
-                currentFocus = currentFocus.host;
-              } else {
-                break;
-              }
-            }
-          } else if (currentFocus && currentFocus.shadowRoot) {
-            let shadowFocus = currentFocus.shadowRoot.activeElement;
-            if (shadowFocus) {
-              while (shadowFocus) {
-                this.#focusWithinCache.add(shadowFocus);
-                if (shadowFocus.parentNode) {
-                  shadowFocus = shadowFocus.parentNode;
-                } else if (
-                  shadowFocus.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
-                  shadowFocus.host
-                ) {
-                  shadowFocus = shadowFocus.host;
-                } else {
-                  break;
-                }
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        }
-        return this.#focusWithinCache.has(node);
-      }
-      // Ignore :host.
-      case 'host': {
-        break;
-      }
-      // Legacy pseudo-elements.
-      case 'after':
-      case 'before':
-      case 'first-letter':
-      case 'first-line': {
-        if (warn) {
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Unsupported pseudo-element ::${astName}`,
-              NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      // Not supported.
-      case 'autofill':
-      case 'blank':
-      case 'buffering':
-      case 'current':
-      case 'fullscreen':
-      case 'future':
-      case 'has-slotted':
-      case 'heading':
-      case 'modal':
-      case 'muted':
-      case 'past':
-      case 'paused':
-      case 'picture-in-picture':
-      case 'playing':
-      case 'seeking':
-      case 'stalled':
-      case 'user-invalid':
-      case 'user-valid':
-      case 'volume-locked':
-      case '-webkit-autofill': {
-        if (warn) {
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Unsupported pseudo-class :${astName}`,
-              NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-        }
-        break;
-      }
-      default: {
-        if (astName.startsWith('-webkit-')) {
-          if (warn) {
-            this.onError(
-              generateException(
-                `Unsupported pseudo-class :${astName}`,
-                NOT_SUPPORTED_ERR,
-                this.#window
-              )
-            );
-          }
-        } else if (!forgive) {
-          this.onError(
-            generateException(
-              `Unknown pseudo-class :${astName}`,
-              SYNTAX_ERR,
-              this.#window
-            )
-          );
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates the :host() pseudo-class.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} host - The host element.
-   * @param {object} ast - The original AST for error reporting.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _evaluateHostPseudo = (leaves, host, ast) => {
-    const l = leaves.length;
-    for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-      const leaf = leaves[i];
-      if (leaf.type === COMBINATOR) {
-        const css = generateCSS(ast);
-        const msg = `Invalid selector ${css}`;
-        this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (!this._matchSelector(leaf, host)) {
-        return false;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates the :host-context() pseudo-class.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} host - The host element.
-   * @param {object} ast - The original AST for error reporting.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matched.
-   */
-  _evaluateHostContextPseudo = (leaves, host, ast) => {
-    let parent = host;
-    while (parent) {
-      let bool;
-      const l = leaves.length;
-      for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-        const leaf = leaves[i];
-        if (leaf.type === COMBINATOR) {
-          const css = generateCSS(ast);
-          const msg = `Invalid selector ${css}`;
-          this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-          return false;
-        }
-        bool = this._matchSelector(leaf, parent);
-        if (!bool) {
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (bool) {
-        return true;
-      }
-      parent = parent.parentNode;
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Evaluates shadow host pseudo-classes.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The DocumentFragment node.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _evaluateShadowHost = (ast, node) => {
-    const { children: astChildren, name: astName } = ast;
-    // Handle simple pseudo-class (no arguments).
-    if (!Array.isArray(astChildren)) {
-      if (astName === 'host') {
-        return true;
-      }
-      const msg = `Invalid selector :${astName}`;
-      this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-      return false;
-    }
-    // Handle functional pseudo-class like :host(...).
-    if (astName !== 'host' && astName !== 'host-context') {
-      const msg = `Invalid selector :${astName}()`;
-      this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (astChildren.length !== 1) {
-      const css = generateCSS(ast);
-      const msg = `Invalid selector ${css}`;
-      this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.#window));
-      return false;
-    }
-    const { host } = node;
-    const { branches } = walkAST(astChildren[0]);
-    const [branch] = branches;
-    const [...leaves] = branch;
-    if (astName === 'host' && this._evaluateHostPseudo(leaves, host, ast)) {
-      return true;
-    } else if (
-      astName === 'host-context' &&
-      this._evaluateHostContextPseudo(leaves, host, ast)
-    ) {
-      return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches a selector for element nodes.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _matchSelectorForElement = (ast, node, opt) => {
-    const { type: astType } = ast;
-    const astName = unescapeSelector(ast.name);
-    switch (astType) {
-      case ATTR_SELECTOR: {
-        return matchAttributeSelector(ast, node, opt);
-      }
-      case ID_SELECTOR: {
-        return node.id === astName;
-      }
-      case CLASS_SELECTOR: {
-        return node.classList.contains(astName);
-      }
-      case PS_CLASS_SELECTOR: {
-        return this._matchPseudoClassSelector(ast, node, opt);
-      }
-      case TYPE_SELECTOR: {
-        return matchTypeSelector(ast, node, opt);
-      }
-      // PS_ELEMENT_SELECTOR is handled by default.
-      default: {
-        try {
-          if (this.#check) {
-            const css = generateCSS(ast);
-            this.#pseudoElement.push(css);
-            return true;
-          } else {
-            matchPseudoElementSelector(astName, astType, opt);
-          }
-        } catch (e) {
-          this.onError(e);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches a selector for a shadow root.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The DocumentFragment node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _matchSelectorForShadowRoot = (ast, node, opt = {}) => {
-    const { name: astName } = ast;
-    if (KEYS_LOGICAL.has(astName)) {
-      opt.isShadowRoot = true;
-      return this._matchPseudoClassSelector(ast, node, opt);
-    }
-    if (astName === 'host' || astName === 'host-context') {
-      const matches = this._evaluateShadowHost(ast, node, opt);
-      if (matches) {
-        this.#verifyShadowHost = true;
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches a selector.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} ast - The AST.
-   * @param {object} node - The Document, DocumentFragment, or Element node.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} True if matches, otherwise false.
-   */
-  _matchSelector = (ast, node, opt) => {
-    if (node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
-      return this._matchSelectorForElement(ast, node, opt);
-    }
-    if (
-      this.#shadow &&
-      node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
-      ast.type === PS_CLASS_SELECTOR
-    ) {
-      return this._matchSelectorForShadowRoot(ast, node, opt);
-    }
-    return false;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches leaves.
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} node - The node.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {boolean} The result.
-   */
-  _matchLeaves = (leaves, node, opt) => {
-    if (!this.#invalidateResults) {
-      this.#invalidateResults = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    const results = this.#invalidate ? this.#invalidateResults : this.#results;
-    let result = results.get(leaves);
-    if (result && result.has(node)) {
-      const { matched } = result.get(node);
-      return matched;
-    }
-    let cacheable = true;
-    if (node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE && KEYS_FORM.has(node.localName)) {
-      cacheable = false;
-    }
-    let bool;
-    const l = leaves.length;
-    for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
-      const leaf = leaves[i];
-      switch (leaf.type) {
-        case ATTR_SELECTOR:
-        case ID_SELECTOR: {
-          cacheable = false;
-          break;
-        }
-        case PS_CLASS_SELECTOR: {
-          if (KEYS_PS_UNCACHE.has(leaf.name)) {
-            cacheable = false;
-          }
-          break;
-        }
-        default: {
-          // No action needed for other types.
-        }
-      }
-      bool = this._matchSelector(leaf, node, opt);
-      if (!bool) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-    if (cacheable) {
-      if (!result) {
-        result = new WeakMap();
-      }
-      result.set(node, {
-        matched: bool
-      });
-      results.set(leaves, result);
-    }
-    return bool;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Returns a cached slice of the leaves array (excluding the first item).
-   * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The original AST leaves array.
-   * @returns {Array.<object>} The filtered leaves.
-   */
-  _getFilterLeaves = leaves => {
-    if (!this.#filterLeavesCache) {
-      this.#filterLeavesCache = new WeakMap();
-    }
-    if (this.#filterLeavesCache.has(leaves)) {
-      return this.#filterLeavesCache.get(leaves);
-    }
-    const filterLeaves = leaves.slice(1);
-    this.#filterLeavesCache.set(leaves, filterLeaves);
-    return filterLeaves;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Traverses all descendant nodes and collects matches.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} baseNode - The base Element node or Element.shadowRoot.
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
-   */
-  _traverseAllDescendants = (baseNode, leaves, opt) => {
-    const walker = this._createTreeWalker(baseNode);
-    traverseNode(baseNode, walker);
-    let currentNode = walker.firstChild();
-    const nodes = new Set();
-    while (currentNode) {
-      if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, currentNode, opt)) {
-        nodes.add(currentNode);
-      }
-      currentNode = walker.nextNode();
-    }
-    return nodes;
-  };
+   */
+  setup(selector, node, opt = {}) {
+    super.setup(selector, node, opt);
+    this.#ast = null;
+    this.#nodes = null;
+    this.#scoped =
+      this.node !== this.root && this.node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE;
+    this.#selector = selector;
+    this.#selectorAST = null;
+    this.#nodeWalker = null;
+    this.#rootWalker = null;
+    return this;
+  }
 
   /**
-   * Finds descendant nodes.
+   * Processes selector branches into the internal AST structure.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} baseNode - The base Element node or Element.shadowRoot.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} branches - The selector branches to process.
+   * @param {string} selector - The CSS selector string.
+   * @returns {object} Object containing ast and descendant flags.
    */
-  _findDescendantNodes = (leaves, baseNode, opt) => {
-    const [leaf] = leaves;
-    const filterLeaves = this._getFilterLeaves(leaves);
-    const { type: leafType } = leaf;
-    switch (leafType) {
-      case ID_SELECTOR: {
-        const canUseGetElementById =
-          !this.#shadow &&
-          baseNode.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
-          this.#root.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE;
-        if (canUseGetElementById) {
-          const leafName = unescapeSelector(leaf.name);
-          const nodes = new Set();
-          const foundNode = this.#root.getElementById(leafName);
-          if (
-            foundNode &&
-            foundNode !== baseNode &&
-            baseNode.contains(foundNode)
-          ) {
-            const isCompoundSelector = filterLeaves.length > 0;
-            if (
-              !isCompoundSelector ||
-              this._matchLeaves(filterLeaves, foundNode, opt)
-            ) {
-              nodes.add(foundNode);
+  _processSelectorBranches = (branches, selector) => {
+    let descendant = false;
+    const ast = [];
+    for (const items of branches) {
+      const branch = [];
+      let prevType = null;
+      const itemsLen = items.length;
+      if (itemsLen) {
+        const leaves = new Set();
+        for (let j = 0; j < itemsLen; j++) {
+          const item = items[j];
+          const isLast = j === itemsLen - 1;
+          if (isInvalidCombinator(item.type, prevType, isLast)) {
+            const msg = `Invalid selector ${selector}`;
+            this.onError(generateException(msg, SYNTAX_ERR, this.window));
+            return { ast: [], descendant: false, invalidate: false };
+          }
+          if (item.type === COMBINATOR) {
+            if (item.name === ' ' || item.name === '>') {
+              descendant = true;
             }
+            branch.push({ combo: item, leaves: sortAST(leaves) });
+            leaves.clear();
+          } else {
+            if (item.name && typeof item.name === 'string') {
+              const unescapedName = unescapeSelector(item.name);
+              if (unescapedName !== item.name) {
+                item.name = unescapedName;
+              }
+              if (/[|:]/.test(unescapedName)) {
+                item.namespace = true;
+              }
+            }
+            leaves.add(item);
+          }
+          prevType = item.type;
+          if (isLast) {
+            branch.push({ combo: null, leaves: sortAST(leaves) });
+            leaves.clear();
           }
-          return nodes;
         }
-        // Fallback to default traversal if fast path is not applicable.
-        return this._traverseAllDescendants(baseNode, leaves, opt);
-      }
-      case PS_ELEMENT_SELECTOR: {
-        const leafName = unescapeSelector(leaf.name);
-        matchPseudoElementSelector(leafName, leafType, opt);
-        return new Set();
-      }
-      default: {
-        return this._traverseAllDescendants(baseNode, leaves, opt);
       }
+      ast.push({ branch, dir: null, filtered: false, find: false });
     }
+    return { ast, descendant };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Collects combinator matches into an array.
+   * Corresponds AST and DOM nodes for the given selector.
    * @private
-   * @param {object} twig - The twig object.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {string} [opt.dir] - The find direction.
-   * @param {Array.<object>} matched - The collector array.
-   * @returns {Array.<object>} The collector array.
+   * @param {string} selector - The CSS selector string.
+   * @returns {Array} An array containing the AST and empty nodes array.
    */
-  _collectCombinatorMatches = (twig, node, opt = {}, matched = []) => {
-    const {
-      combo: { name: comboName },
-      leaves
-    } = twig;
-    const { dir } = opt;
-    switch (comboName) {
-      case '+': {
-        const refNode =
-          dir === DIR_NEXT
-            ? node.nextElementSibling
-            : node.previousElementSibling;
-        if (refNode && this._matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
-          matched.push(refNode);
-        }
-        break;
+  _correspond = selector => {
+    const nodes = [];
+    let descendant = false;
+    this.invalidate = false;
+    let ast;
+    if (this.documentCache.has(this.document)) {
+      const cachedItem = this.documentCache.get(this.document);
+      if (cachedItem && cachedItem.has(`${selector}`)) {
+        const item = cachedItem.get(`${selector}`);
+        ast = item.ast;
+        descendant = item.descendant;
+        this.invalidate = item.invalidate;
+        this.#selectorAST = item.selectorAST;
       }
-      case '~': {
-        let refNode =
-          dir === DIR_NEXT
-            ? node.nextElementSibling
-            : node.previousElementSibling;
-        while (refNode) {
-          if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
-            matched.push(refNode);
-          }
-          refNode =
-            dir === DIR_NEXT
-              ? refNode.nextElementSibling
-              : refNode.previousElementSibling;
-        }
-        break;
+    }
+    if (ast) {
+      const l = ast.length;
+      for (let i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+        ast[i].dir = null;
+        ast[i].filtered = false;
+        ast[i].find = false;
+        nodes[i] = [];
       }
-      case '>': {
-        if (dir === DIR_NEXT) {
-          let refNode = node.firstElementChild;
-          while (refNode) {
-            if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
-              matched.push(refNode);
-            }
-            refNode = refNode.nextElementSibling;
-          }
-        } else {
-          const { parentNode } = node;
-          if (parentNode && this._matchLeaves(leaves, parentNode, opt)) {
-            matched.push(parentNode);
-          }
-        }
-        break;
+    } else {
+      this.#selectorAST = parseSelector(selector);
+      const { branches, info } = walkAST(
+        this.#selectorAST,
+        true,
+        createHasValidator(this.window)
+      );
+      const {
+        hasHasPseudoFunc,
+        hasLogicalPseudoFunc,
+        hasNthChildOfSelector,
+        hasStatePseudoClass,
+        hasUnsupportedPseudoClass
+      } = info;
+      this.invalidate =
+        hasHasPseudoFunc ||
+        hasStatePseudoClass ||
+        hasUnsupportedPseudoClass ||
+        !!(hasLogicalPseudoFunc && hasNthChildOfSelector);
+      const processed = this._processSelectorBranches(branches, selector);
+      ast = processed.ast;
+      descendant = processed.descendant;
+      let cachedItem;
+      if (this.documentCache.has(this.document)) {
+        cachedItem = this.documentCache.get(this.document);
+      } else {
+        cachedItem = new Map();
       }
-      case ' ':
-      default: {
-        if (dir === DIR_NEXT) {
-          for (const refNode of this._findDescendantNodes(leaves, node, opt)) {
-            matched.push(refNode);
-          }
-        } else {
-          const ancestors = [];
-          let refNode = node.parentNode;
-          while (refNode) {
-            if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
-              ancestors.push(refNode);
-            }
-            refNode = refNode.parentNode;
-          }
-          if (ancestors.length) {
-            matched.push(...ancestors.reverse());
-          }
-        }
+      cachedItem.set(`${selector}`, {
+        ast,
+        descendant,
+        invalidate: this.invalidate,
+        selectorAST: this.#selectorAST
+      });
+      this.documentCache.set(this.document, cachedItem);
+      for (let i = 0; i < ast.length; i++) {
+        nodes[i] = [];
       }
     }
-    return matched;
+    return [ast, nodes];
   };
 
   /**
-   * Matches a combinator.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} twig - The twig object.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} opt - Options.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
-   */
-  _matchCombinator = (twig, node, opt) =>
-    new Set(this._collectCombinatorMatches(twig, node, opt));
-
-  /**
-   * Traverses with a TreeWalker and collects nodes matching the leaves.
+   * Traverses and collects nodes matching leaves.
    * @private
-   * @param {TreeWalker} walker - The TreeWalker instance to use.
-   * @param {Array} leaves - The AST leaves to match against.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Traversal options.
-   * @param {Node} [opt.boundaryNode] - The node to stop traversal at.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.force] - Force traversal to the next node.
-   * @param {Node} [opt.startNode] - The node to start traversal from.
-   * @param {string} [opt.targetType] - The type of target ('all' or 'first').
-   * @returns {Array.<Node>} An array of matched nodes.
+   * @param {object} walker - The TreeWalker instance.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves to match.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Options for traversal.
+   * @returns {Array.<object>} An array of collected nodes.
    */
   _traverseAndCollectNodes = (walker, leaves, opt = {}) => {
     const { boundaryNode, force, startNode, targetType } = opt;
@@ -2310,14 +213,10 @@ export class Finder {
     // Adjust starting node.
     if (currentNode.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE) {
       currentNode = walker.nextNode();
-    } else if (currentNode === startNode && currentNode !== this.#root) {
+    } else if (currentNode === startNode && currentNode !== this.root) {
       currentNode = walker.nextNode();
     }
-    const matchOpt = {
-      warn: this.#warn
-    };
     while (currentNode) {
-      // Stop when we reach the boundary.
       if (boundaryNode) {
         if (currentNode === boundaryNode) {
           break;
@@ -2329,11 +228,10 @@ export class Finder {
         }
       }
       if (
-        this._matchLeaves(leaves, currentNode, matchOpt) &&
-        currentNode !== this.#node
+        this.matchLeaves(leaves, currentNode, this.matchOpts) &&
+        currentNode !== this.node
       ) {
         collectedNodes.push(currentNode);
-        // Stop after the first match if not collecting all.
         if (targetType !== TARGET_ALL) {
           break;
         }
@@ -2344,47 +242,44 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds matched node(s) preceding this.#node.
+   * Finds matching nodes preceding the current node.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} node - The node to start from.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.force] - If true, traverses only to the next node.
-   * @param {string} [opt.targetType] - The target type.
-   * @returns {Array.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves to match.
+   * @param {object} node - The starting node.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Options for finding.
+   * @returns {Array.<object>} An array of matched nodes.
    */
   _findPrecede = (leaves, node, opt = {}) => {
     const { force, targetType } = opt;
     if (!this.#rootWalker) {
-      this.#rootWalker = this._createTreeWalker(this.#root);
+      this.#rootWalker = this.createTreeWalker(this.root);
     }
     return this._traverseAndCollectNodes(this.#rootWalker, leaves, {
       force,
       targetType,
-      boundaryNode: this.#node,
+      boundaryNode: this.node,
       startNode: node
     });
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds matched node(s) in #nodeWalker.
+   * Finds matching nodes using TreeWalker.
    * @private
    * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} node - The node to start from.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.precede] - If true, finds preceding nodes.
-   * @returns {Array.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
+   * @param {object} node - The starting node.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Traversal options.
+   * @returns {Array.<object>} An array of matched nodes.
    */
   _findNodeWalker = (leaves, node, opt = {}) => {
     const { precede, ...traversalOpts } = opt;
     if (precede) {
-      const precedeNodes = this._findPrecede(leaves, this.#root, opt);
+      const precedeNodes = this._findPrecede(leaves, this.root, opt);
       if (precedeNodes.length) {
         return precedeNodes;
       }
     }
     if (!this.#nodeWalker) {
-      this.#nodeWalker = this._createTreeWalker(this.#node);
+      this.#nodeWalker = this.createTreeWalker(this.node);
     }
     return this._traverseAndCollectNodes(this.#nodeWalker, leaves, {
       ...traversalOpts,
@@ -2393,40 +288,38 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Matches the node itself.
+   * Matches the current node itself against leaves.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @returns {Array} An array containing [nodes, filtered, pseudoElement].
+   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
+   * @returns {Array} Array with nodes, match boolean, and pseudo-elements.
    */
   _matchSelf = leaves => {
-    const matched = this._matchLeaves(leaves, this.#node, {
-      check: this.#check,
-      warn: this.#warn
+    const matched = this.matchLeaves(leaves, this.node, {
+      check: this.check,
+      warn: this.warn
     });
-    const nodes = matched ? [this.#node] : [];
-    return [nodes, matched, this.#pseudoElement];
+    const nodes = matched ? [this.node] : [];
+    return [nodes, matched, this.pseudoElements];
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds lineal nodes (self and ancestors).
+   * Finds lineal matching nodes (self and ancestors).
    * @private
-   * @param {Array} leaves - The AST leaves.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.complex] - If true, the selector is complex.
-   * @returns {Array} An array containing [nodes, filtered].
+   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Options like complex flag.
+   * @returns {Array} Array containing nodes and filtered boolean.
    */
   _findLineal = (leaves, opt = {}) => {
     const { complex } = opt;
     const nodes = [];
-    const matchOpts = { warn: this.#warn };
-    const selfMatched = this._matchLeaves(leaves, this.#node, matchOpts);
+    const selfMatched = this.matchLeaves(leaves, this.node, this.matchOpts);
     if (selfMatched) {
-      nodes.push(this.#node);
+      nodes.push(this.node);
     }
     if (!selfMatched || complex) {
-      let currentNode = this.#node.parentNode;
+      let currentNode = this.node.parentNode;
       while (currentNode) {
-        if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, currentNode, matchOpts)) {
+        if (this.matchLeaves(leaves, currentNode, this.matchOpts)) {
           nodes.push(currentNode);
         }
         currentNode = currentNode.parentNode;
@@ -2437,157 +330,202 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds entry nodes for pseudo-element selectors.
+   * Finds entry nodes for pseudo-elements.
    * @private
-   * @param {object} leaf - The pseudo-element leaf from the AST.
-   * @param {Array.<object>} filterLeaves - Leaves for compound selectors.
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of target to find.
-   * @returns {object} The result { nodes, filtered, pending }.
+   * @param {object} leaf - The AST leaf.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} filterLeaves - Leaves for filtering.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @returns {object} Object with nodes, filtered, and pending flags.
    */
   _findEntryNodesForPseudoElement = (leaf, filterLeaves, targetType) => {
-    let nodes = [];
-    let filtered = false;
-    if (targetType === TARGET_SELF && this.#check) {
+    if (targetType === TARGET_SELF && this.check) {
       const css = generateCSS(leaf);
-      this.#pseudoElement.push(css);
+      this.pseudoElements.push(css);
       if (filterLeaves.length) {
-        [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(filterLeaves);
-      } else {
-        nodes.push(this.#node);
-        filtered = true;
+        const [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(filterLeaves);
+        return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
       }
-    } else {
-      matchPseudoElementSelector(leaf.name, leaf.type, { warn: this.#warn });
+      return { nodes: [this.node], filtered: true, pending: false };
     }
-    return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
+    matchPseudoElementSelector(leaf.name, leaf.type, this.matchOpts);
+    return { nodes: [], filtered: false, pending: false };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds entry nodes for ID selectors.
+   * Finds entry nodes using ID selector strategy.
    * @private
-   * @param {object} twig - The current twig from the AST branch.
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of target to find.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.complex] - If true, the selector is complex.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.precede] - If true, finds preceding nodes.
-   * @returns {object} The result { nodes, filtered, pending }.
+   * @param {object} twig - The twig object containing leaves.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Strategy options.
+   * @returns {object} Result object with nodes and flags.
    */
   _findEntryNodesForId = (twig, targetType, opt = {}) => {
     const { leaves } = twig;
-    const [leaf] = leaves;
-    const filterLeaves = this._getFilterLeaves(leaves);
+    const filterLeaves = this.getFilterLeaves(leaves);
     const { complex, precede } = opt;
-    let nodes = [];
-    let filtered = false;
     if (targetType === TARGET_SELF) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
     } else if (targetType === TARGET_LINEAL) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
     } else if (
       targetType === TARGET_FIRST &&
-      this.#root.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE
+      this.root.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE
     ) {
-      const node = this.#root.getElementById(leaf.name);
+      const [leaf] = leaves;
+      const node = this.root.getElementById(leaf.name);
+      const nodes = [];
       if (node) {
         if (filterLeaves.length) {
-          if (this._matchLeaves(filterLeaves, node, { warn: this.#warn })) {
+          if (this.matchLeaves(filterLeaves, node, this.matchOpts)) {
             nodes.push(node);
-            filtered = true;
           }
         } else {
           nodes.push(node);
-          filtered = true;
         }
       }
-    } else {
-      nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.#node, { precede, targetType });
-      filtered = nodes.length > 0;
+      return { nodes, filtered: nodes.length > 0, pending: false };
     }
-    return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
+    const nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.node, {
+      precede,
+      targetType
+    });
+    return { nodes, filtered: nodes.length > 0, pending: false };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds entry nodes for class selectors.
+   * Finds entry nodes using class selector strategy.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves for the selector.
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of target to find.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.complex] - If true, the selector is complex.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.precede] - If true, finds preceding nodes.
-   * @returns {object} The result { nodes, filtered, pending }.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Strategy options.
+   * @returns {object} Result object with nodes and flags.
    */
   _findEntryNodesForClass = (leaves, targetType, opt = {}) => {
     const { complex, precede } = opt;
-    let nodes = [];
-    let filtered = false;
     if (targetType === TARGET_SELF) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
     } else if (targetType === TARGET_LINEAL) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
-    } else {
-      nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.#node, { precede, targetType });
-      filtered = nodes.length > 0;
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
+    } else if (
+      targetType !== TARGET_FIRST &&
+      !precede &&
+      typeof this.node.getElementsByClassName === 'function'
+    ) {
+      this.matchLeaves(leaves, this.node, this.matchOpts);
+      const [leaf] = leaves;
+      const className = unescapeSelector(leaf.name);
+      const collection = this.node.getElementsByClassName(className);
+      const len = collection.length;
+      const filterLeaves = this.getFilterLeaves(leaves);
+      const hasFilter = filterLeaves.length > 0;
+      const nodeArray = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        const currentNode = collection[i];
+        if (
+          !hasFilter ||
+          this.matchLeaves(filterLeaves, currentNode, this.matchOpts)
+        ) {
+          nodeArray.push(currentNode);
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        nodes: nodeArray,
+        filtered: nodeArray.length > 0,
+        pending: false
+      };
     }
-    return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
+    const nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.node, {
+      precede,
+      targetType
+    });
+    return { nodes, filtered: nodes.length > 0, pending: false };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds entry nodes for type selectors.
+   * Finds entry nodes using type selector strategy.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves for the selector.
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of target to find.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.complex] - If true, the selector is complex.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.precede] - If true, finds preceding nodes.
-   * @returns {object} The result { nodes, filtered, pending }.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} leaves - The AST leaves.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Strategy options.
+   * @returns {object} Result object with nodes and flags.
    */
   _findEntryNodesForType = (leaves, targetType, opt = {}) => {
     const { complex, precede } = opt;
-    let nodes = [];
-    let filtered = false;
     if (targetType === TARGET_SELF) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
     } else if (targetType === TARGET_LINEAL) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
-    } else {
-      nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.#node, { precede, targetType });
-      filtered = nodes.length > 0;
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
+    }
+    const [leaf] = leaves;
+    const tagName = unescapeSelector(leaf.name);
+    if (
+      targetType !== TARGET_FIRST &&
+      !precede &&
+      this.document.contentType === 'text/html' &&
+      typeof this.node.getElementsByTagName === 'function' &&
+      tagName.indexOf('|') === -1
+    ) {
+      this.matchLeaves(leaves, this.node, this.matchOpts);
+      const collection = this.node.getElementsByTagName(tagName);
+      const len = collection.length;
+      const filterLeaves = this.getFilterLeaves(leaves);
+      const hasFilter = filterLeaves.length > 0;
+      const nodeArray = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        const currentNode = collection[i];
+        if (
+          !hasFilter ||
+          this.matchLeaves(filterLeaves, currentNode, this.matchOpts)
+        ) {
+          nodeArray.push(currentNode);
+        }
+      }
+      return {
+        nodes: nodeArray,
+        filtered: nodeArray.length > 0,
+        pending: false
+      };
     }
-    return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
+    const nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.node, {
+      precede,
+      targetType
+    });
+    return { nodes, filtered: nodes.length > 0, pending: false };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds entry nodes for other selector types (default case).
+   * Finds entry nodes for other selector types.
    * @private
-   * @param {object} twig - The current twig from the AST branch.
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of target to find.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.complex] - If true, the selector is complex.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.precede] - If true, finds preceding nodes.
-   * @returns {object} The result { nodes, filtered, pending }.
+   * @param {object} twig - The twig object containing leaves.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Strategy options.
+   * @returns {object} Result object with nodes and flags.
    */
   _findEntryNodesForOther = (twig, targetType, opt = {}) => {
     const { leaves } = twig;
     const [leaf] = leaves;
-    const filterLeaves = this._getFilterLeaves(leaves);
+    const filterLeaves = this.getFilterLeaves(leaves);
     const { complex, precede } = opt;
-    let nodes = [];
-    let filtered = false;
-    let pending = false;
     if (targetType !== TARGET_LINEAL && /host(?:-context)?/.test(leaf.name)) {
       let shadowRoot = null;
       if (
-        this.#shadow &&
-        this.#node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
-        this._evaluateShadowHost(leaf, this.#node)
+        this.shadow &&
+        this.node.nodeType === DOCUMENT_FRAGMENT_NODE &&
+        this.evaluateShadowHost(leaf, this.node)
       ) {
-        shadowRoot = this.#node;
+        shadowRoot = this.node;
       } else if (
         filterLeaves.length &&
-        this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
-        this._evaluateShadowHost(leaf, this.#node.shadowRoot)
+        this.node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
+        this.evaluateShadowHost(leaf, this.node.shadowRoot)
       ) {
-        shadowRoot = this.#node.shadowRoot;
+        shadowRoot = this.node.shadowRoot;
       }
       if (shadowRoot) {
         let bool = true;
@@ -2597,11 +535,11 @@ export class Finder {
           switch (filterLeaf.name) {
             case 'host':
             case 'host-context': {
-              bool = this._evaluateShadowHost(filterLeaf, shadowRoot);
+              bool = this.evaluateShadowHost(filterLeaf, shadowRoot);
               break;
             }
             case 'has': {
-              bool = this._matchPseudoClassSelector(filterLeaf, shadowRoot, {});
+              bool = this.matchPseudoClassSelector(filterLeaf, shadowRoot, {});
               break;
             }
             default: {
@@ -2612,43 +550,45 @@ export class Finder {
             break;
           }
         }
+        const nodes = [];
         if (bool) {
           nodes.push(shadowRoot);
-          filtered = true;
         }
+        return { nodes, filtered: nodes.length > 0, pending: false };
       }
     } else if (targetType === TARGET_SELF) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._matchSelf(leaves);
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
     } else if (targetType === TARGET_LINEAL) {
-      [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
+      const [nodes, filtered] = this._findLineal(leaves, { complex });
+      return { nodes, filtered, pending: false };
     } else if (targetType === TARGET_FIRST) {
-      nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.#node, { precede, targetType });
-      filtered = nodes.length > 0;
-    } else {
-      pending = true;
+      const nodes = this._findNodeWalker(leaves, this.node, {
+        precede,
+        targetType
+      });
+      return { nodes, filtered: nodes.length > 0, pending: false };
     }
-    return { nodes, filtered, pending };
+    return { nodes: [], filtered: false, pending: true };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Finds entry nodes.
+   * Finds entry nodes based on the selector type.
    * @private
-   * @param {object} twig - The twig object.
+   * @param {object} twig - The twig object containing leaves.
    * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {boolean} [opt.complex] - If true, the selector is complex.
-   * @param {string} [opt.dir] - The find direction.
-   * @returns {object} An object with nodes and their state.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Strategy options.
+   * @returns {object} Result object with nodes and flags.
    */
   _findEntryNodes = (twig, targetType, opt = {}) => {
     const { leaves } = twig;
     const [leaf] = leaves;
-    const filterLeaves = this._getFilterLeaves(leaves);
+    const filterLeaves = this.getFilterLeaves(leaves);
     const { complex = false, dir = DIR_PREV } = opt;
     const precede =
       dir === DIR_NEXT &&
-      this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
-      this.#node !== this.#root;
+      this.node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE &&
+      this.node !== this.root;
     let result;
     switch (leaf.type) {
       case PS_ELEMENT_SELECTOR: {
@@ -2696,11 +636,11 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Determines the direction and starting twig for a selector branch.
+   * Determines the traversal direction and starting twig.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array.<object>} branch - The AST branch.
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of target to find.
-   * @returns {object} An object with the direction and starting twig.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} branch - The selector branch.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @returns {object} Object containing dir and twig properties.
    */
   _determineTraversalStrategy = (branch, targetType) => {
     const branchLen = branch.length;
@@ -2709,7 +649,6 @@ export class Finder {
     if (branchLen === 1) {
       return { dir: DIR_PREV, twig: firstTwig };
     }
-    // Complex selector (branchLen > 1).
     const {
       leaves: [{ name: firstName, type: firstType }]
     } = firstTwig;
@@ -2748,37 +687,34 @@ export class Finder {
         return { dir: DIR_PREV, twig: lastTwig };
       }
     }
-    // Default strategy for complex selectors.
     return { dir: DIR_NEXT, twig: firstTwig };
   };
 
   /**
-   * Processes pending items not resolved with a direct strategy.
+   * Processes pending items to find matches.
    * @private
-   * @param {Set.<Map>} pendingItems - The set of pending items.
+   * @param {Set.<Map>} pendingItems - Set of pending items to process.
+   * @returns {void}
    */
   _processPendingItems = pendingItems => {
     if (!pendingItems.size) {
       return;
     }
     if (!this.#rootWalker) {
-      this.#rootWalker = this._createTreeWalker(this.#root);
+      this.#rootWalker = this.createTreeWalker(this.root);
     }
+    const node = this.#scoped ? this.node : this.root;
     const walker = this.#rootWalker;
-    let node = this.#root;
-    if (this.#scoped) {
-      node = this.#node;
-    }
     let nextNode = traverseNode(node, walker);
     while (nextNode) {
       const isWithinScope =
-        this.#node.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE ||
-        nextNode === this.#node ||
-        this.#node.contains(nextNode);
+        this.node.nodeType !== ELEMENT_NODE ||
+        nextNode === this.node ||
+        this.node.contains(nextNode);
       if (isWithinScope) {
         for (const pendingItem of pendingItems) {
           const { leaves } = pendingItem.get('twig');
-          if (this._matchLeaves(leaves, nextNode, { warn: this.#warn })) {
+          if (this.matchLeaves(leaves, nextNode, this.matchOpts)) {
             const index = pendingItem.get('index');
             this.#ast[index].filtered = true;
             this.#ast[index].find = true;
@@ -2793,10 +729,10 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Collects nodes.
+   * Collects all matching nodes into AST nodes array.
    * @private
    * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
-   * @returns {Array.<Array.<object>>} An array containing the AST and nodes.
+   * @returns {Array} Array containing the AST and nodes arrays.
    */
   _collectNodes = targetType => {
     [this.#ast, this.#nodes] = this._correspond(this.#selector);
@@ -2855,35 +791,12 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Gets combined nodes.
-   * @private
-   * @param {object} twig - The twig object.
-   * @param {object} nodes - A collection of nodes.
-   * @param {string} dir - The direction.
-   * @returns {Array.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
-   */
-  _getCombinedNodes = (twig, nodes, dir) => {
-    const arr = [];
-    for (const node of nodes) {
-      this._collectCombinatorMatches(
-        twig,
-        node,
-        { dir, warn: this.#warn },
-        arr
-      );
-    }
-    return arr;
-  };
-
-  /**
-   * Matches a node in the 'next' direction.
+   * Matches a node in the next direction.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array} branch - The branch.
-   * @param {Set.<object>} nodes - A collection of Element nodes.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {object} [opt.combo] - The combo object.
-   * @param {number} [opt.index] - The index.
-   * @returns {?object} The matched node.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} branch - The selector branch.
+   * @param {Array.<object>|Set.<object>} nodes - The starting nodes.
+   * @param {object} [opt] - Options containing combo and index.
+   * @returns {object|null} The matched node or null.
    */
   _matchNodeNext = (branch, nodes, opt = {}) => {
     const { combo, index } = opt;
@@ -2892,63 +805,86 @@ export class Finder {
       combo,
       leaves
     };
-    const nextNodes = this._getCombinedNodes(twig, nodes, DIR_NEXT);
-    if (nextNodes.length) {
-      if (index === branch.length - 1) {
-        if (nextNodes.length === 1) {
-          return nextNodes[0];
+    for (const node of nodes) {
+      for (const nextNode of this.yieldCombinatorMatches(twig, node, {
+        dir: DIR_NEXT
+      })) {
+        if (index === branch.length - 1) {
+          return nextNode;
+        }
+        const result = this._matchNodeNext(branch, new Set([nextNode]), {
+          combo: nextCombo,
+          index: index + 1
+        });
+        if (result) {
+          return result;
         }
-        const [nextNode] = sortNodes(nextNodes);
-        return nextNode;
       }
-      return this._matchNodeNext(branch, nextNodes, {
-        combo: nextCombo,
-        index: index + 1
-      });
     }
     return null;
   };
 
   /**
-   * Matches a node in the 'previous' direction.
+   * Recursively checks for a valid backward path.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array} branch - The branch.
-   * @param {object} node - The Element node.
-   * @param {object} [opt] - Options.
-   * @param {number} [opt.index] - The index.
-   * @returns {?object} The node.
+   * @param {object} node - The starting node.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} branch - The selector branch.
+   * @param {number} index - The current branch index.
+   * @param {object} opt - The match options.
+   * @returns {boolean} True if a valid path exists, otherwise false.
    */
-  _matchNodePrev = (branch, node, opt = {}) => {
-    const { index } = opt;
+  _hasValidPathPrev = (node, branch, index, opt) => {
+    if (index < 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
     const twig = branch[index];
-    const nextNodes = this._getCombinedNodes(twig, [node], DIR_PREV);
-    if (nextNodes.length) {
-      if (index === 0) {
-        return node;
+    const { combo, leaves } = twig;
+    const comboName = combo.name;
+    if (comboName === '+') {
+      const refNode = node.previousElementSibling;
+      if (refNode && this.matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
+        if (this._hasValidPathPrev(refNode, branch, index - 1, opt)) {
+          return true;
+        }
       }
-      let matched;
-      for (const nextNode of nextNodes) {
-        matched = this._matchNodePrev(branch, nextNode, {
-          index: index - 1
-        });
-        if (matched) {
-          break;
+    } else if (comboName === '~') {
+      let refNode = node.previousElementSibling;
+      while (refNode) {
+        if (this.matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
+          if (this._hasValidPathPrev(refNode, branch, index - 1, opt)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        refNode = refNode.previousElementSibling;
+      }
+    } else if (comboName === '>') {
+      const parentNode = node.parentNode;
+      if (parentNode && this.matchLeaves(leaves, parentNode, opt)) {
+        if (this._hasValidPathPrev(parentNode, branch, index - 1, opt)) {
+          return true;
         }
       }
-      if (matched) {
-        return node;
+    } else {
+      let refNode = node.parentNode;
+      while (refNode) {
+        if (this.matchLeaves(leaves, refNode, opt)) {
+          if (this._hasValidPathPrev(refNode, branch, index - 1, opt)) {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        refNode = refNode.parentNode;
       }
     }
-    return null;
+    return false;
   };
 
   /**
-   * Processes a complex selector branch to find all matching nodes.
+   * Processes complex branch for all matches.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array} branch - The selector branch from the AST.
-   * @param {Array} entryNodes - The initial set of nodes to start from.
-   * @param {string} dir - The direction of traversal ('next' or 'prev').
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A set of all matched nodes.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} branch - The selector branch.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} entryNodes - The entry nodes.
+   * @param {string} dir - The traversal direction.
+   * @returns {Set.<object>} Set of matched nodes.
    */
   _processComplexBranchAll = (branch, entryNodes, dir) => {
     const matchedNodes = new Set();
@@ -2956,42 +892,29 @@ export class Finder {
     const lastIndex = branchLen - 1;
     if (dir === DIR_NEXT) {
       const { combo: firstCombo } = branch[0];
-      for (const node of entryNodes) {
-        let combo = firstCombo;
-        let nextNodes = [node];
-        for (let j = 1; j < branchLen; j++) {
-          const { combo: nextCombo, leaves } = branch[j];
-          const twig = { combo, leaves };
-          const nodesArr = this._getCombinedNodes(twig, nextNodes, dir);
-          if (nodesArr.length) {
-            if (j === lastIndex) {
-              for (const nextNode of nodesArr) {
-                matchedNodes.add(nextNode);
-              }
-            }
-            combo = nextCombo;
-            nextNodes = nodesArr;
+      const dfs = (node, index, currentCombo) => {
+        const { combo: nextCombo, leaves } = branch[index];
+        const twig = { combo: currentCombo, leaves };
+        for (const nextNode of this.yieldCombinatorMatches(twig, node, {
+          dir
+        })) {
+          if (index === lastIndex) {
+            matchedNodes.add(nextNode);
           } else {
-            break;
+            dfs(nextNode, index + 1, nextCombo);
           }
         }
+      };
+      for (const node of entryNodes) {
+        dfs(node, 1, firstCombo);
       }
-      // DIR_PREV
     } else {
-      for (const node of entryNodes) {
-        let nextNodes = [node];
-        for (let j = lastIndex - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
-          const twig = branch[j];
-          const nodesArr = this._getCombinedNodes(twig, nextNodes, dir);
-          if (nodesArr.length) {
-            // The entry node is the final match
-            if (j === 0) {
-              matchedNodes.add(node);
-            }
-            nextNodes = nodesArr;
-          } else {
-            break;
-          }
+      for (let i = 0, len = entryNodes.length; i < len; i++) {
+        const node = entryNodes[i];
+        if (
+          this._hasValidPathPrev(node, branch, lastIndex - 1, this.matchOpts)
+        ) {
+          matchedNodes.add(node);
         }
       }
     }
@@ -2999,18 +922,17 @@ export class Finder {
   };
 
   /**
-   * Processes a complex selector branch to find the first matching node.
+   * Processes complex branch for the first match.
    * @private
-   * @param {Array} branch - The selector branch from the AST.
-   * @param {Array} entryNodes - The initial set of nodes to start from.
-   * @param {string} dir - The direction of traversal ('next' or 'prev').
-   * @param {string} targetType - The type of search (e.g., 'first').
-   * @returns {?object} The first matched node, or null.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} branch - The selector branch.
+   * @param {Array.<object>} entryNodes - The entry nodes.
+   * @param {string} dir - The traversal direction.
+   * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
+   * @returns {object|null} The matched node or null.
    */
   _processComplexBranchFirst = (branch, entryNodes, dir, targetType) => {
     const branchLen = branch.length;
     const lastIndex = branchLen - 1;
-    // DIR_NEXT logic for finding the first match.
     if (dir === DIR_NEXT) {
       const { combo: entryCombo } = branch[0];
       for (const node of entryNodes) {
@@ -3019,11 +941,8 @@ export class Finder {
           index: 1
         });
         if (matchedNode) {
-          if (this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
-            if (
-              matchedNode !== this.#node &&
-              this.#node.contains(matchedNode)
-            ) {
+          if (this.node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
+            if (matchedNode !== this.node && this.node.contains(matchedNode)) {
               return matchedNode;
             }
           } else {
@@ -3031,10 +950,9 @@ export class Finder {
           }
         }
       }
-      // Fallback logic if no direct match found.
       const { leaves: entryLeaves } = branch[0];
       const [entryNode] = entryNodes;
-      if (this.#node.contains(entryNode)) {
+      if (this.node.contains(entryNode)) {
         let [refNode] = this._findNodeWalker(entryLeaves, entryNode, {
           targetType
         });
@@ -3044,10 +962,10 @@ export class Finder {
             index: 1
           });
           if (matchedNode) {
-            if (this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
+            if (this.node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE) {
               if (
-                matchedNode !== this.#node &&
-                this.#node.contains(matchedNode)
+                matchedNode !== this.node &&
+                this.node.contains(matchedNode)
               ) {
                 return matchedNode;
               }
@@ -3061,28 +979,30 @@ export class Finder {
           });
         }
       }
-      // DIR_PREV logic for finding the first match.
     } else {
-      for (const node of entryNodes) {
-        const matchedNode = this._matchNodePrev(branch, node, {
-          index: lastIndex - 1
-        });
-        if (matchedNode) {
-          return matchedNode;
+      for (let i = 0, len = entryNodes.length; i < len; i++) {
+        const node = entryNodes[i];
+        if (
+          this._hasValidPathPrev(node, branch, lastIndex - 1, this.matchOpts)
+        ) {
+          return node;
         }
       }
-      // Fallback for TARGET_FIRST.
       if (targetType === TARGET_FIRST) {
         const { leaves: entryLeaves } = branch[lastIndex];
-        const [entryNode] = entryNodes;
+        const entryNode = entryNodes[0];
         let [refNode] = this._findNodeWalker(entryLeaves, entryNode, {
           targetType
         });
         while (refNode) {
-          const matchedNode = this._matchNodePrev(branch, refNode, {
-            index: lastIndex - 1
-          });
-          if (matchedNode) {
+          if (
+            this._hasValidPathPrev(
+              refNode,
+              branch,
+              lastIndex - 1,
+              this.matchOpts
+            )
+          ) {
             return refNode;
           }
           [refNode] = this._findNodeWalker(entryLeaves, refNode, {
@@ -3098,24 +1018,20 @@ export class Finder {
   /**
    * Finds matched nodes.
    * @param {string} targetType - The target type.
-   * @returns {Set.<object>} A collection of matched nodes.
+   * @returns {Set.<object>|object} A collection of matched nodes.
    */
   find = targetType => {
     let collection;
     try {
       collection = this._collectNodes(targetType);
     } catch (e) {
-      if (this.#check) {
-        let pseudoElement;
-        if (this.#pseudoElement.length) {
-          pseudoElement = this.#pseudoElement.join('');
-        } else {
-          pseudoElement = null;
-        }
+      if (this.check) {
         return {
-          pseudoElement,
+          ast: this.#selectorAST,
           match: false,
-          ast: this.#selectorAST ?? null
+          pseudoElement: this.pseudoElements.length
+            ? this.pseudoElements.join('')
+            : null
         };
       } else {
         throw e;
@@ -3132,17 +1048,18 @@ export class Finder {
       }
       const entryNodes = collectedNodes[i];
       const lastIndex = branch.length - 1;
-      // Handle simple selectors (no combinators).
       if (lastIndex === 0) {
         if (
           (targetType === TARGET_ALL || targetType === TARGET_FIRST) &&
-          this.#node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE
+          this.node.nodeType === ELEMENT_NODE
         ) {
           for (const node of entryNodes) {
-            if (node !== this.#node && this.#node.contains(node)) {
-              nodes.add(node);
-              if (targetType === TARGET_FIRST) {
-                break;
+            if (node !== this.node) {
+              if (targetType === TARGET_ALL || this.node.contains(node)) {
+                nodes.add(node);
+                if (targetType === TARGET_FIRST) {
+                  break;
+                }
               }
             }
           }
@@ -3160,51 +1077,39 @@ export class Finder {
             nodes.add(entryNodes[0]);
           }
         }
-      } else {
-        // Handle complex selectors.
-        if (targetType === TARGET_ALL) {
-          const newNodes = this._processComplexBranchAll(
-            branch,
-            entryNodes,
-            dir
-          );
-          if (nodes.size) {
-            for (const newNode of newNodes) {
-              nodes.add(newNode);
-            }
-            sort = true;
-          } else {
-            nodes = newNodes;
+      } else if (targetType === TARGET_ALL) {
+        const newNodes = this._processComplexBranchAll(branch, entryNodes, dir);
+        if (nodes.size) {
+          for (const newNode of newNodes) {
+            nodes.add(newNode);
           }
+          sort = true;
         } else {
-          const matchedNode = this._processComplexBranchFirst(
-            branch,
-            entryNodes,
-            dir,
-            targetType
-          );
-          if (matchedNode) {
-            nodes.add(matchedNode);
-          }
+          nodes = newNodes;
         }
-      }
-    }
-    if (this.#check) {
-      const match = !!nodes.size;
-      let pseudoElement;
-      if (this.#pseudoElement.length) {
-        pseudoElement = this.#pseudoElement.join('');
       } else {
-        pseudoElement = null;
+        const matchedNode = this._processComplexBranchFirst(
+          branch,
+          entryNodes,
+          dir,
+          targetType
+        );
+        if (matchedNode) {
+          nodes.add(matchedNode);
+        }
       }
+    }
+    if (this.check) {
       return {
-        match,
-        pseudoElement,
-        ast: this.#selectorAST
+        ast: this.#selectorAST,
+        match: nodes.size > 0,
+        pseudoElement: this.pseudoElements.length
+          ? this.pseudoElements.join('')
+          : null
       };
     }
     if (targetType === TARGET_FIRST || targetType === TARGET_ALL) {
-      nodes.delete(this.#node);
+      nodes.delete(this.node);
     }
     if ((sort || targetType === TARGET_FIRST) && nodes.size > 1) {
       return new Set(sortNodes(nodes));