@appthreat/atom-parsetools 1.0.0

package/plugins/nikic/php-parser/lib/PhpParser/PrettyPrinterAbstract.php

@@ -0,0 +1,1576 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace PhpParser;
+
+use PhpParser\Internal\DiffElem;
+use PhpParser\Internal\PrintableNewAnonClassNode;
+use PhpParser\Internal\TokenStream;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\AssignOp;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\BinaryOp;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\Cast;
+use PhpParser\Node\Scalar;
+use PhpParser\Node\Stmt;
+
+abstract class PrettyPrinterAbstract
+{
+    const FIXUP_PREC_LEFT       = 0; // LHS operand affected by precedence
+    const FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT      = 1; // RHS operand affected by precedence
+    const FIXUP_CALL_LHS        = 2; // LHS of call
+    const FIXUP_DEREF_LHS       = 3; // LHS of dereferencing operation
+    const FIXUP_BRACED_NAME     = 4; // Name operand that may require bracing
+    const FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME = 5; // Name operand that may require ${} bracing
+    const FIXUP_ENCAPSED        = 6; // Encapsed string part
+    const FIXUP_NEW             = 7; // New/instanceof operand
+    const FIXUP_STATIC_DEREF_LHS = 8; // LHS of static dereferencing operation
+
+    protected $precedenceMap = [
+        // [precedence, associativity]
+        // where for precedence -1 is %left, 0 is %nonassoc and 1 is %right
+        BinaryOp\Pow::class            => [  0,  1],
+        Expr\BitwiseNot::class         => [ 10,  1],
+        Expr\PreInc::class             => [ 10,  1],
+        Expr\PreDec::class             => [ 10,  1],
+        Expr\PostInc::class            => [ 10, -1],
+        Expr\PostDec::class            => [ 10, -1],
+        Expr\UnaryPlus::class          => [ 10,  1],
+        Expr\UnaryMinus::class         => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\Int_::class               => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\Double::class             => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\String_::class            => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\Array_::class             => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\Object_::class            => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\Bool_::class              => [ 10,  1],
+        Cast\Unset_::class             => [ 10,  1],
+        Expr\ErrorSuppress::class      => [ 10,  1],
+        Expr\Instanceof_::class        => [ 20,  0],
+        Expr\BooleanNot::class         => [ 30,  1],
+        BinaryOp\Mul::class            => [ 40, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Div::class            => [ 40, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Mod::class            => [ 40, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Plus::class           => [ 50, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Minus::class          => [ 50, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Concat::class         => [ 50, -1],
+        BinaryOp\ShiftLeft::class      => [ 60, -1],
+        BinaryOp\ShiftRight::class     => [ 60, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Smaller::class        => [ 70,  0],
+        BinaryOp\SmallerOrEqual::class => [ 70,  0],
+        BinaryOp\Greater::class        => [ 70,  0],
+        BinaryOp\GreaterOrEqual::class => [ 70,  0],
+        BinaryOp\Equal::class          => [ 80,  0],
+        BinaryOp\NotEqual::class       => [ 80,  0],
+        BinaryOp\Identical::class      => [ 80,  0],
+        BinaryOp\NotIdentical::class   => [ 80,  0],
+        BinaryOp\Spaceship::class      => [ 80,  0],
+        BinaryOp\BitwiseAnd::class     => [ 90, -1],
+        BinaryOp\BitwiseXor::class     => [100, -1],
+        BinaryOp\BitwiseOr::class      => [110, -1],
+        BinaryOp\BooleanAnd::class     => [120, -1],
+        BinaryOp\BooleanOr::class      => [130, -1],
+        BinaryOp\Coalesce::class       => [140,  1],
+        Expr\Ternary::class            => [150,  0],
+        // parser uses %left for assignments, but they really behave as %right
+        Expr\Assign::class             => [160,  1],
+        Expr\AssignRef::class          => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Plus::class           => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Minus::class          => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Mul::class            => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Div::class            => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Concat::class         => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Mod::class            => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\BitwiseAnd::class     => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\BitwiseOr::class      => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\BitwiseXor::class     => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\ShiftLeft::class      => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\ShiftRight::class     => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Pow::class            => [160,  1],
+        AssignOp\Coalesce::class       => [160,  1],
+        Expr\YieldFrom::class          => [165,  1],
+        Expr\Print_::class             => [168,  1],
+        BinaryOp\LogicalAnd::class     => [170, -1],
+        BinaryOp\LogicalXor::class     => [180, -1],
+        BinaryOp\LogicalOr::class      => [190, -1],
+        Expr\Include_::class           => [200, -1],
+    ];
+
+    /** @var int Current indentation level. */
+    protected $indentLevel;
+    /** @var string Newline including current indentation. */
+    protected $nl;
+    /** @var string Token placed at end of doc string to ensure it is followed by a newline. */
+    protected $docStringEndToken;
+    /** @var bool Whether semicolon namespaces can be used (i.e. no global namespace is used) */
+    protected $canUseSemicolonNamespaces;
+    /** @var array Pretty printer options */
+    protected $options;
+
+    /** @var TokenStream Original tokens for use in format-preserving pretty print */
+    protected $origTokens;
+    /** @var Internal\Differ Differ for node lists */
+    protected $nodeListDiffer;
+    /** @var bool[] Map determining whether a certain character is a label character */
+    protected $labelCharMap;
+    /**
+     * @var int[][] Map from token classes and subnode names to FIXUP_* constants. This is used
+     *              during format-preserving prints to place additional parens/braces if necessary.
+     */
+    protected $fixupMap;
+    /**
+     * @var int[][] Map from "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to ['left' => $l, 'right' => $r],
+     *              where $l and $r specify the token type that needs to be stripped when removing
+     *              this node.
+     */
+    protected $removalMap;
+    /**
+     * @var mixed[] Map from "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to [$find, $beforeToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight].
+     *              $find is an optional token after which the insertion occurs. $extraLeft/Right
+     *              are optionally added before/after the main insertions.
+     */
+    protected $insertionMap;
+    /**
+     * @var string[] Map From "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to string that should be inserted
+     *               between elements of this list subnode.
+     */
+    protected $listInsertionMap;
+    protected $emptyListInsertionMap;
+    /** @var int[] Map from "{$node->getType()}->{$subNode}" to token before which the modifiers
+     *             should be reprinted. */
+    protected $modifierChangeMap;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a pretty printer instance using the given options.
+     *
+     * Supported options:
+     *  * bool $shortArraySyntax = false: Whether to use [] instead of array() as the default array
+     *                                    syntax, if the node does not specify a format.
+     *
+     * @param array $options Dictionary of formatting options
+     */
+    public function __construct(array $options = []) {
+        $this->docStringEndToken = '_DOC_STRING_END_' . mt_rand();
+
+        $defaultOptions = ['shortArraySyntax' => false];
+        $this->options = $options + $defaultOptions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reset pretty printing state.
+     */
+    protected function resetState() {
+        $this->indentLevel = 0;
+        $this->nl = "\n";
+        $this->origTokens = null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set indentation level
+     *
+     * @param int $level Level in number of spaces
+     */
+    protected function setIndentLevel(int $level) {
+        $this->indentLevel = $level;
+        $this->nl = "\n" . \str_repeat(' ', $level);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Increase indentation level.
+     */
+    protected function indent() {
+        $this->indentLevel += 4;
+        $this->nl .= '    ';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrease indentation level.
+     */
+    protected function outdent() {
+        assert($this->indentLevel >= 4);
+        $this->indentLevel -= 4;
+        $this->nl = "\n" . str_repeat(' ', $this->indentLevel);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints an array of statements.
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $stmts Array of statements
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed statements
+     */
+    public function prettyPrint(array $stmts) : string {
+        $this->resetState();
+        $this->preprocessNodes($stmts);
+
+        return ltrim($this->handleMagicTokens($this->pStmts($stmts, false)));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints an expression.
+     *
+     * @param Expr $node Expression node
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed node
+     */
+    public function prettyPrintExpr(Expr $node) : string {
+        $this->resetState();
+        return $this->handleMagicTokens($this->p($node));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints a file of statements (includes the opening <?php tag if it is required).
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $stmts Array of statements
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed statements
+     */
+    public function prettyPrintFile(array $stmts) : string {
+        if (!$stmts) {
+            return "<?php\n\n";
+        }
+
+        $p = "<?php\n\n" . $this->prettyPrint($stmts);
+
+        if ($stmts[0] instanceof Stmt\InlineHTML) {
+            $p = preg_replace('/^<\?php\s+\?>\n?/', '', $p);
+        }
+        if ($stmts[count($stmts) - 1] instanceof Stmt\InlineHTML) {
+            $p = preg_replace('/<\?php$/', '', rtrim($p));
+        }
+
+        return $p;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Preprocesses the top-level nodes to initialize pretty printer state.
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $nodes Array of nodes
+     */
+    protected function preprocessNodes(array $nodes) {
+        /* We can use semicolon-namespaces unless there is a global namespace declaration */
+        $this->canUseSemicolonNamespaces = true;
+        foreach ($nodes as $node) {
+            if ($node instanceof Stmt\Namespace_ && null === $node->name) {
+                $this->canUseSemicolonNamespaces = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handles (and removes) no-indent and doc-string-end tokens.
+     *
+     * @param string $str
+     * @return string
+     */
+    protected function handleMagicTokens(string $str) : string {
+        // Replace doc-string-end tokens with nothing or a newline
+        $str = str_replace($this->docStringEndToken . ";\n", ";\n", $str);
+        $str = str_replace($this->docStringEndToken, "\n", $str);
+
+        return $str;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints an array of nodes (statements) and indents them optionally.
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $nodes  Array of nodes
+     * @param bool   $indent Whether to indent the printed nodes
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed statements
+     */
+    protected function pStmts(array $nodes, bool $indent = true) : string {
+        if ($indent) {
+            $this->indent();
+        }
+
+        $result = '';
+        foreach ($nodes as $node) {
+            $comments = $node->getComments();
+            if ($comments) {
+                $result .= $this->nl . $this->pComments($comments);
+                if ($node instanceof Stmt\Nop) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $result .= $this->nl . $this->p($node);
+        }
+
+        if ($indent) {
+            $this->outdent();
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty-print an infix operation while taking precedence into account.
+     *
+     * @param string $class          Node class of operator
+     * @param Node   $leftNode       Left-hand side node
+     * @param string $operatorString String representation of the operator
+     * @param Node   $rightNode      Right-hand side node
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed infix operation
+     */
+    protected function pInfixOp(string $class, Node $leftNode, string $operatorString, Node $rightNode) : string {
+        list($precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$class];
+
+        return $this->pPrec($leftNode, $precedence, $associativity, -1)
+             . $operatorString
+             . $this->pPrec($rightNode, $precedence, $associativity, 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty-print a prefix operation while taking precedence into account.
+     *
+     * @param string $class          Node class of operator
+     * @param string $operatorString String representation of the operator
+     * @param Node   $node           Node
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed prefix operation
+     */
+    protected function pPrefixOp(string $class, string $operatorString, Node $node) : string {
+        list($precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$class];
+        return $operatorString . $this->pPrec($node, $precedence, $associativity, 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty-print a postfix operation while taking precedence into account.
+     *
+     * @param string $class          Node class of operator
+     * @param string $operatorString String representation of the operator
+     * @param Node   $node           Node
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed postfix operation
+     */
+    protected function pPostfixOp(string $class, Node $node, string $operatorString) : string {
+        list($precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$class];
+        return $this->pPrec($node, $precedence, $associativity, -1) . $operatorString;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints an expression node with the least amount of parentheses necessary to preserve the meaning.
+     *
+     * @param Node $node                Node to pretty print
+     * @param int  $parentPrecedence    Precedence of the parent operator
+     * @param int  $parentAssociativity Associativity of parent operator
+     *                                  (-1 is left, 0 is nonassoc, 1 is right)
+     * @param int  $childPosition       Position of the node relative to the operator
+     *                                  (-1 is left, 1 is right)
+     *
+     * @return string The pretty printed node
+     */
+    protected function pPrec(Node $node, int $parentPrecedence, int $parentAssociativity, int $childPosition) : string {
+        $class = \get_class($node);
+        if (isset($this->precedenceMap[$class])) {
+            $childPrecedence = $this->precedenceMap[$class][0];
+            if ($childPrecedence > $parentPrecedence
+                || ($parentPrecedence === $childPrecedence && $parentAssociativity !== $childPosition)
+            ) {
+                return '(' . $this->p($node) . ')';
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $this->p($node);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints an array of nodes and implodes the printed values.
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $nodes Array of Nodes to be printed
+     * @param string $glue  Character to implode with
+     *
+     * @return string Imploded pretty printed nodes
+     */
+    protected function pImplode(array $nodes, string $glue = '') : string {
+        $pNodes = [];
+        foreach ($nodes as $node) {
+            if (null === $node) {
+                $pNodes[] = '';
+            } else {
+                $pNodes[] = $this->p($node);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return implode($glue, $pNodes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints an array of nodes and implodes the printed values with commas.
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $nodes Array of Nodes to be printed
+     *
+     * @return string Comma separated pretty printed nodes
+     */
+    protected function pCommaSeparated(array $nodes) : string {
+        return $this->pImplode($nodes, ', ');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints a comma-separated list of nodes in multiline style, including comments.
+     *
+     * The result includes a leading newline and one level of indentation (same as pStmts).
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $nodes         Array of Nodes to be printed
+     * @param bool   $trailingComma Whether to use a trailing comma
+     *
+     * @return string Comma separated pretty printed nodes in multiline style
+     */
+    protected function pCommaSeparatedMultiline(array $nodes, bool $trailingComma) : string {
+        $this->indent();
+
+        $result = '';
+        $lastIdx = count($nodes) - 1;
+        foreach ($nodes as $idx => $node) {
+            if ($node !== null) {
+                $comments = $node->getComments();
+                if ($comments) {
+                    $result .= $this->nl . $this->pComments($comments);
+                }
+
+                $result .= $this->nl . $this->p($node);
+            } else {
+                $result .= $this->nl;
+            }
+            if ($trailingComma || $idx !== $lastIdx) {
+                $result .= ',';
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->outdent();
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prints reformatted text of the passed comments.
+     *
+     * @param Comment[] $comments List of comments
+     *
+     * @return string Reformatted text of comments
+     */
+    protected function pComments(array $comments) : string {
+        $formattedComments = [];
+
+        foreach ($comments as $comment) {
+            $formattedComments[] = str_replace("\n", $this->nl, $comment->getReformattedText());
+        }
+
+        return implode($this->nl, $formattedComments);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a format-preserving pretty print of an AST.
+     *
+     * The format preservation is best effort. For some changes to the AST the formatting will not
+     * be preserved (at least not locally).
+     *
+     * In order to use this method a number of prerequisites must be satisfied:
+     *  * The startTokenPos and endTokenPos attributes in the lexer must be enabled.
+     *  * The CloningVisitor must be run on the AST prior to modification.
+     *  * The original tokens must be provided, using the getTokens() method on the lexer.
+     *
+     * @param Node[] $stmts      Modified AST with links to original AST
+     * @param Node[] $origStmts  Original AST with token offset information
+     * @param array  $origTokens Tokens of the original code
+     *
+     * @return string
+     */
+    public function printFormatPreserving(array $stmts, array $origStmts, array $origTokens) : string {
+        $this->initializeNodeListDiffer();
+        $this->initializeLabelCharMap();
+        $this->initializeFixupMap();
+        $this->initializeRemovalMap();
+        $this->initializeInsertionMap();
+        $this->initializeListInsertionMap();
+        $this->initializeEmptyListInsertionMap();
+        $this->initializeModifierChangeMap();
+
+        $this->resetState();
+        $this->origTokens = new TokenStream($origTokens);
+
+        $this->preprocessNodes($stmts);
+
+        $pos = 0;
+        $result = $this->pArray($stmts, $origStmts, $pos, 0, 'File', 'stmts', null);
+        if (null !== $result) {
+            $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, count($origTokens), 0);
+        } else {
+            // Fallback
+            // TODO Add <?php properly
+            $result = "<?php\n" . $this->pStmts($stmts, false);
+        }
+
+        return ltrim($this->handleMagicTokens($result));
+    }
+
+    protected function pFallback(Node $node) {
+        return $this->{'p' . $node->getType()}($node);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pretty prints a node.
+     *
+     * This method also handles formatting preservation for nodes.
+     *
+     * @param Node $node Node to be pretty printed
+     * @param bool $parentFormatPreserved Whether parent node has preserved formatting
+     *
+     * @return string Pretty printed node
+     */
+    protected function p(Node $node, $parentFormatPreserved = false) : string {
+        // No orig tokens means this is a normal pretty print without preservation of formatting
+        if (!$this->origTokens) {
+            return $this->{'p' . $node->getType()}($node);
+        }
+
+        /** @var Node $origNode */
+        $origNode = $node->getAttribute('origNode');
+        if (null === $origNode) {
+            return $this->pFallback($node);
+        }
+
+        $class = \get_class($node);
+        \assert($class === \get_class($origNode));
+
+        $startPos = $origNode->getStartTokenPos();
+        $endPos = $origNode->getEndTokenPos();
+        \assert($startPos >= 0 && $endPos >= 0);
+
+        $fallbackNode = $node;
+        if ($node instanceof Expr\New_ && $node->class instanceof Stmt\Class_) {
+            // Normalize node structure of anonymous classes
+            $node = PrintableNewAnonClassNode::fromNewNode($node);
+            $origNode = PrintableNewAnonClassNode::fromNewNode($origNode);
+        }
+
+        // InlineHTML node does not contain closing and opening PHP tags. If the parent formatting
+        // is not preserved, then we need to use the fallback code to make sure the tags are
+        // printed.
+        if ($node instanceof Stmt\InlineHTML && !$parentFormatPreserved) {
+            return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
+        }
+
+        $indentAdjustment = $this->indentLevel - $this->origTokens->getIndentationBefore($startPos);
+
+        $type = $node->getType();
+        $fixupInfo = $this->fixupMap[$class] ?? null;
+
+        $result = '';
+        $pos = $startPos;
+        foreach ($node->getSubNodeNames() as $subNodeName) {
+            $subNode = $node->$subNodeName;
+            $origSubNode = $origNode->$subNodeName;
+
+            if ((!$subNode instanceof Node && $subNode !== null)
+                || (!$origSubNode instanceof Node && $origSubNode !== null)
+            ) {
+                if ($subNode === $origSubNode) {
+                    // Unchanged, can reuse old code
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (is_array($subNode) && is_array($origSubNode)) {
+                    // Array subnode changed, we might be able to reconstruct it
+                    $listResult = $this->pArray(
+                        $subNode, $origSubNode, $pos, $indentAdjustment, $type, $subNodeName,
+                        $fixupInfo[$subNodeName] ?? null
+                    );
+                    if (null === $listResult) {
+                        return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
+                    }
+
+                    $result .= $listResult;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (is_int($subNode) && is_int($origSubNode)) {
+                    // Check if this is a modifier change
+                    $key = $type . '->' . $subNodeName;
+                    if (!isset($this->modifierChangeMap[$key])) {
+                        return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
+                    }
+
+                    $findToken = $this->modifierChangeMap[$key];
+                    $result .= $this->pModifiers($subNode);
+                    $pos = $this->origTokens->findRight($pos, $findToken);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // If a non-node, non-array subnode changed, we don't be able to do a partial
+                // reconstructions, as we don't have enough offset information. Pretty print the
+                // whole node instead.
+                return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
+            }
+
+            $extraLeft = '';
+            $extraRight = '';
+            if ($origSubNode !== null) {
+                $subStartPos = $origSubNode->getStartTokenPos();
+                $subEndPos = $origSubNode->getEndTokenPos();
+                \assert($subStartPos >= 0 && $subEndPos >= 0);
+            } else {
+                if ($subNode === null) {
+                    // Both null, nothing to do
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // A node has been inserted, check if we have insertion information for it
+                $key = $type . '->' . $subNodeName;
+                if (!isset($this->insertionMap[$key])) {
+                    return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
+                }
+
+                list($findToken, $beforeToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight) = $this->insertionMap[$key];
+                if (null !== $findToken) {
+                    $subStartPos = $this->origTokens->findRight($pos, $findToken)
+                        + (int) !$beforeToken;
+                } else {
+                    $subStartPos = $pos;
+                }
+
+                if (null === $extraLeft && null !== $extraRight) {
+                    // If inserting on the right only, skipping whitespace looks better
+                    $subStartPos = $this->origTokens->skipRightWhitespace($subStartPos);
+                }
+                $subEndPos = $subStartPos - 1;
+            }
+
+            if (null === $subNode) {
+                // A node has been removed, check if we have removal information for it
+                $key = $type . '->' . $subNodeName;
+                if (!isset($this->removalMap[$key])) {
+                    return $this->pFallback($fallbackNode);
+                }
+
+                // Adjust positions to account for additional tokens that must be skipped
+                $removalInfo = $this->removalMap[$key];
+                if (isset($removalInfo['left'])) {
+                    $subStartPos = $this->origTokens->skipLeft($subStartPos - 1, $removalInfo['left']) + 1;
+                }
+                if (isset($removalInfo['right'])) {
+                    $subEndPos = $this->origTokens->skipRight($subEndPos + 1, $removalInfo['right']) - 1;
+                }
+            }
+
+            $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $subStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
+
+            if (null !== $subNode) {
+                $result .= $extraLeft;
+
+                $origIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
+                $this->setIndentLevel($this->origTokens->getIndentationBefore($subStartPos) + $indentAdjustment);
+
+                // If it's the same node that was previously in this position, it certainly doesn't
+                // need fixup. It's important to check this here, because our fixup checks are more
+                // conservative than strictly necessary.
+                if (isset($fixupInfo[$subNodeName])
+                    && $subNode->getAttribute('origNode') !== $origSubNode
+                ) {
+                    $fixup = $fixupInfo[$subNodeName];
+                    $res = $this->pFixup($fixup, $subNode, $class, $subStartPos, $subEndPos);
+                } else {
+                    $res = $this->p($subNode, true);
+                }
+
+                $this->safeAppend($result, $res);
+                $this->setIndentLevel($origIndentLevel);
+
+                $result .= $extraRight;
+            }
+
+            $pos = $subEndPos + 1;
+        }
+
+        $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $endPos + 1, $indentAdjustment);
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a format-preserving pretty print of an array.
+     *
+     * @param array       $nodes            New nodes
+     * @param array       $origNodes        Original nodes
+     * @param int         $pos              Current token position (updated by reference)
+     * @param int         $indentAdjustment Adjustment for indentation
+     * @param string      $parentNodeType   Type of the containing node.
+     * @param string      $subNodeName      Name of array subnode.
+     * @param null|int    $fixup            Fixup information for array item nodes
+     *
+     * @return null|string Result of pretty print or null if cannot preserve formatting
+     */
+    protected function pArray(
+        array $nodes, array $origNodes, int &$pos, int $indentAdjustment,
+        string $parentNodeType, string $subNodeName, $fixup
+    ) {
+        $diff = $this->nodeListDiffer->diffWithReplacements($origNodes, $nodes);
+
+        $mapKey = $parentNodeType . '->' . $subNodeName;
+        $insertStr = $this->listInsertionMap[$mapKey] ?? null;
+        $isStmtList = $subNodeName === 'stmts';
+
+        $beforeFirstKeepOrReplace = true;
+        $skipRemovedNode = false;
+        $delayedAdd = [];
+        $lastElemIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
+
+        $insertNewline = false;
+        if ($insertStr === "\n") {
+            $insertStr = '';
+            $insertNewline = true;
+        }
+
+        if ($isStmtList && \count($origNodes) === 1 && \count($nodes) !== 1) {
+            $startPos = $origNodes[0]->getStartTokenPos();
+            $endPos = $origNodes[0]->getEndTokenPos();
+            \assert($startPos >= 0 && $endPos >= 0);
+            if (!$this->origTokens->haveBraces($startPos, $endPos)) {
+                // This was a single statement without braces, but either additional statements
+                // have been added, or the single statement has been removed. This requires the
+                // addition of braces. For now fall back.
+                // TODO: Try to preserve formatting
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $result = '';
+        foreach ($diff as $i => $diffElem) {
+            $diffType = $diffElem->type;
+            /** @var Node|null $arrItem */
+            $arrItem = $diffElem->new;
+            /** @var Node|null $origArrItem */
+            $origArrItem = $diffElem->old;
+
+            if ($diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_KEEP || $diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_REPLACE) {
+                $beforeFirstKeepOrReplace = false;
+
+                if ($origArrItem === null || $arrItem === null) {
+                    // We can only handle the case where both are null
+                    if ($origArrItem === $arrItem) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                if (!$arrItem instanceof Node || !$origArrItem instanceof Node) {
+                    // We can only deal with nodes. This can occur for Names, which use string arrays.
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                $itemStartPos = $origArrItem->getStartTokenPos();
+                $itemEndPos = $origArrItem->getEndTokenPos();
+                \assert($itemStartPos >= 0 && $itemEndPos >= 0 && $itemStartPos >= $pos);
+
+                $origIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
+                $lastElemIndentLevel = $this->origTokens->getIndentationBefore($itemStartPos) + $indentAdjustment;
+                $this->setIndentLevel($lastElemIndentLevel);
+
+                $comments = $arrItem->getComments();
+                $origComments = $origArrItem->getComments();
+                $commentStartPos = $origComments ? $origComments[0]->getStartTokenPos() : $itemStartPos;
+                \assert($commentStartPos >= 0);
+
+                if ($commentStartPos < $pos) {
+                    // Comments may be assigned to multiple nodes if they start at the same position.
+                    // Make sure we don't try to print them multiple times.
+                    $commentStartPos = $itemStartPos;
+                }
+
+                if ($skipRemovedNode) {
+                    if ($isStmtList && ($this->origTokens->haveBracesInRange($pos, $itemStartPos) ||
+                                        $this->origTokens->haveTagInRange($pos, $itemStartPos))) {
+                        // We'd remove the brace of a code block.
+                        // TODO: Preserve formatting.
+                        $this->setIndentLevel($origIndentLevel);
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode(
+                        $pos, $commentStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
+                }
+
+                if (!empty($delayedAdd)) {
+                    /** @var Node $delayedAddNode */
+                    foreach ($delayedAdd as $delayedAddNode) {
+                        if ($insertNewline) {
+                            $delayedAddComments = $delayedAddNode->getComments();
+                            if ($delayedAddComments) {
+                                $result .= $this->pComments($delayedAddComments) . $this->nl;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        $this->safeAppend($result, $this->p($delayedAddNode, true));
+
+                        if ($insertNewline) {
+                            $result .= $insertStr . $this->nl;
+                        } else {
+                            $result .= $insertStr;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    $delayedAdd = [];
+                }
+
+                if ($comments !== $origComments) {
+                    if ($comments) {
+                        $result .= $this->pComments($comments) . $this->nl;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode(
+                        $commentStartPos, $itemStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
+                }
+
+                // If we had to remove anything, we have done so now.
+                $skipRemovedNode = false;
+            } elseif ($diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_ADD) {
+                if (null === $insertStr) {
+                    // We don't have insertion information for this list type
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                // We go multiline if the original code was multiline,
+                // or if it's an array item with a comment above it.
+                if ($insertStr === ', ' &&
+                    ($this->isMultiline($origNodes) || $arrItem->getComments())
+                ) {
+                    $insertStr = ',';
+                    $insertNewline = true;
+                }
+
+                if ($beforeFirstKeepOrReplace) {
+                    // Will be inserted at the next "replace" or "keep" element
+                    $delayedAdd[] = $arrItem;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $itemStartPos = $pos;
+                $itemEndPos = $pos - 1;
+
+                $origIndentLevel = $this->indentLevel;
+                $this->setIndentLevel($lastElemIndentLevel);
+
+                if ($insertNewline) {
+                    $result .= $insertStr . $this->nl;
+                    $comments = $arrItem->getComments();
+                    if ($comments) {
+                        $result .= $this->pComments($comments) . $this->nl;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $result .= $insertStr;
+                }
+            } elseif ($diffType === DiffElem::TYPE_REMOVE) {
+                if (!$origArrItem instanceof Node) {
+                    // We only support removal for nodes
+                    return null;
+                }
+
+                $itemStartPos = $origArrItem->getStartTokenPos();
+                $itemEndPos = $origArrItem->getEndTokenPos();
+                \assert($itemStartPos >= 0 && $itemEndPos >= 0);
+
+                // Consider comments part of the node.
+                $origComments = $origArrItem->getComments();
+                if ($origComments) {
+                    $itemStartPos = $origComments[0]->getStartTokenPos();
+                }
+
+                if ($i === 0) {
+                    // If we're removing from the start, keep the tokens before the node and drop those after it,
+                    // instead of the other way around.
+                    $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode(
+                        $pos, $itemStartPos, $indentAdjustment);
+                    $skipRemovedNode = true;
+                } else {
+                    if ($isStmtList && ($this->origTokens->haveBracesInRange($pos, $itemStartPos) ||
+                                        $this->origTokens->haveTagInRange($pos, $itemStartPos))) {
+                        // We'd remove the brace of a code block.
+                        // TODO: Preserve formatting.
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                $pos = $itemEndPos + 1;
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                throw new \Exception("Shouldn't happen");
+            }
+
+            if (null !== $fixup && $arrItem->getAttribute('origNode') !== $origArrItem) {
+                $res = $this->pFixup($fixup, $arrItem, null, $itemStartPos, $itemEndPos);
+            } else {
+                $res = $this->p($arrItem, true);
+            }
+            $this->safeAppend($result, $res);
+
+            $this->setIndentLevel($origIndentLevel);
+            $pos = $itemEndPos + 1;
+        }
+
+        if ($skipRemovedNode) {
+            // TODO: Support removing single node.
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($delayedAdd)) {
+            if (!isset($this->emptyListInsertionMap[$mapKey])) {
+                return null;
+            }
+
+            list($findToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight) = $this->emptyListInsertionMap[$mapKey];
+            if (null !== $findToken) {
+                $insertPos = $this->origTokens->findRight($pos, $findToken) + 1;
+                $result .= $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $insertPos, $indentAdjustment);
+                $pos = $insertPos;
+            }
+
+            $first = true;
+            $result .= $extraLeft;
+            foreach ($delayedAdd as $delayedAddNode) {
+                if (!$first) {
+                    $result .= $insertStr;
+                    if ($insertNewline) {
+                        $result .= $this->nl;
+                    }
+                }
+                $result .= $this->p($delayedAddNode, true);
+                $first = false;
+            }
+            $result .= $extraRight === "\n" ? $this->nl : $extraRight;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print node with fixups.
+     *
+     * Fixups here refer to the addition of extra parentheses, braces or other characters, that
+     * are required to preserve program semantics in a certain context (e.g. to maintain precedence
+     * or because only certain expressions are allowed in certain places).
+     *
+     * @param int         $fixup       Fixup type
+     * @param Node        $subNode     Subnode to print
+     * @param string|null $parentClass Class of parent node
+     * @param int         $subStartPos Original start pos of subnode
+     * @param int         $subEndPos   Original end pos of subnode
+     *
+     * @return string Result of fixed-up print of subnode
+     */
+    protected function pFixup(int $fixup, Node $subNode, $parentClass, int $subStartPos, int $subEndPos) : string {
+        switch ($fixup) {
+            case self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT:
+            case self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT:
+                if (!$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)) {
+                    list($precedence, $associativity) = $this->precedenceMap[$parentClass];
+                    return $this->pPrec($subNode, $precedence, $associativity,
+                        $fixup === self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT ? -1 : 1);
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::FIXUP_CALL_LHS:
+                if ($this->callLhsRequiresParens($subNode)
+                    && !$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
+                ) {
+                    return '(' . $this->p($subNode) . ')';
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS:
+                if ($this->dereferenceLhsRequiresParens($subNode)
+                    && !$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
+                ) {
+                    return '(' . $this->p($subNode) . ')';
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::FIXUP_STATIC_DEREF_LHS:
+                if ($this->staticDereferenceLhsRequiresParens($subNode)
+                    && !$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
+                ) {
+                    return '(' . $this->p($subNode) . ')';
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::FIXUP_NEW:
+                if ($this->newOperandRequiresParens($subNode)
+                    && !$this->origTokens->haveParens($subStartPos, $subEndPos)) {
+                    return '(' . $this->p($subNode) . ')';
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME:
+            case self::FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME:
+                if ($subNode instanceof Expr
+                    && !$this->origTokens->haveBraces($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
+                ) {
+                    return ($fixup === self::FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME ? '$' : '')
+                        . '{' . $this->p($subNode) . '}';
+                }
+                break;
+            case self::FIXUP_ENCAPSED:
+                if (!$subNode instanceof Scalar\EncapsedStringPart
+                    && !$this->origTokens->haveBraces($subStartPos, $subEndPos)
+                ) {
+                    return '{' . $this->p($subNode) . '}';
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                throw new \Exception('Cannot happen');
+        }
+
+        // Nothing special to do
+        return $this->p($subNode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appends to a string, ensuring whitespace between label characters.
+     *
+     * Example: "echo" and "$x" result in "echo$x", but "echo" and "x" result in "echo x".
+     * Without safeAppend the result would be "echox", which does not preserve semantics.
+     *
+     * @param string $str
+     * @param string $append
+     */
+    protected function safeAppend(string &$str, string $append) {
+        if ($str === "") {
+            $str = $append;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($append === "") {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->labelCharMap[$append[0]]
+                || !$this->labelCharMap[$str[\strlen($str) - 1]]) {
+            $str .= $append;
+        } else {
+            $str .= " " . $append;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the LHS of a call must be wrapped in parenthesis.
+     *
+     * @param Node $node LHS of a call
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether parentheses are required
+     */
+    protected function callLhsRequiresParens(Node $node) : bool {
+        return !($node instanceof Node\Name
+            || $node instanceof Expr\Variable
+            || $node instanceof Expr\ArrayDimFetch
+            || $node instanceof Expr\FuncCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\MethodCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\NullsafeMethodCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\StaticCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\Array_);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the LHS of an array/object operation must be wrapped in parentheses.
+     *
+     * @param Node $node LHS of dereferencing operation
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether parentheses are required
+     */
+    protected function dereferenceLhsRequiresParens(Node $node) : bool {
+        // A constant can occur on the LHS of an array/object deref, but not a static deref.
+        return $this->staticDereferenceLhsRequiresParens($node)
+            && !$node instanceof Expr\ConstFetch;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the LHS of a static operation must be wrapped in parentheses.
+     *
+     * @param Node $node LHS of dereferencing operation
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether parentheses are required
+     */
+    protected function staticDereferenceLhsRequiresParens(Node $node): bool {
+        return !($node instanceof Expr\Variable
+            || $node instanceof Node\Name
+            || $node instanceof Expr\ArrayDimFetch
+            || $node instanceof Expr\PropertyFetch
+            || $node instanceof Expr\NullsafePropertyFetch
+            || $node instanceof Expr\StaticPropertyFetch
+            || $node instanceof Expr\FuncCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\MethodCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\NullsafeMethodCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\StaticCall
+            || $node instanceof Expr\Array_
+            || $node instanceof Scalar\String_
+            || $node instanceof Expr\ClassConstFetch);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether an expression used in "new" or "instanceof" requires parentheses.
+     *
+     * @param Node $node New or instanceof operand
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether parentheses are required
+     */
+    protected function newOperandRequiresParens(Node $node): bool {
+        if ($node instanceof Node\Name || $node instanceof Expr\Variable) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($node instanceof Expr\ArrayDimFetch || $node instanceof Expr\PropertyFetch ||
+            $node instanceof Expr\NullsafePropertyFetch
+        ) {
+            return $this->newOperandRequiresParens($node->var);
+        }
+        if ($node instanceof Expr\StaticPropertyFetch) {
+            return $this->newOperandRequiresParens($node->class);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Print modifiers, including trailing whitespace.
+     *
+     * @param int $modifiers Modifier mask to print
+     *
+     * @return string Printed modifiers
+     */
+    protected function pModifiers(int $modifiers) {
+        return ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_PUBLIC    ? 'public '    : '')
+             . ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_PROTECTED ? 'protected ' : '')
+             . ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_PRIVATE   ? 'private '   : '')
+             . ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_STATIC    ? 'static '    : '')
+             . ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_ABSTRACT  ? 'abstract '  : '')
+             . ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_FINAL     ? 'final '     : '')
+             . ($modifiers & Stmt\Class_::MODIFIER_READONLY  ? 'readonly '  : '');
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether a list of nodes uses multiline formatting.
+     *
+     * @param (Node|null)[] $nodes Node list
+     *
+     * @return bool Whether multiline formatting is used
+     */
+    protected function isMultiline(array $nodes) : bool {
+        if (\count($nodes) < 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $pos = -1;
+        foreach ($nodes as $node) {
+            if (null === $node) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $endPos = $node->getEndTokenPos() + 1;
+            if ($pos >= 0) {
+                $text = $this->origTokens->getTokenCode($pos, $endPos, 0);
+                if (false === strpos($text, "\n")) {
+                    // We require that a newline is present between *every* item. If the formatting
+                    // is inconsistent, with only some items having newlines, we don't consider it
+                    // as multiline
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            $pos = $endPos;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lazily initializes label char map.
+     *
+     * The label char map determines whether a certain character may occur in a label.
+     */
+    protected function initializeLabelCharMap() {
+        if ($this->labelCharMap) return;
+
+        $this->labelCharMap = [];
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+            // Since PHP 7.1 The lower range is 0x80. However, we also want to support code for
+            // older versions.
+            $chr = chr($i);
+            $this->labelCharMap[$chr] = $i >= 0x7f || ctype_alnum($chr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lazily initializes node list differ.
+     *
+     * The node list differ is used to determine differences between two array subnodes.
+     */
+    protected function initializeNodeListDiffer() {
+        if ($this->nodeListDiffer) return;
+
+        $this->nodeListDiffer = new Internal\Differ(function ($a, $b) {
+            if ($a instanceof Node && $b instanceof Node) {
+                return $a === $b->getAttribute('origNode');
+            }
+            // Can happen for array destructuring
+            return $a === null && $b === null;
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lazily initializes fixup map.
+     *
+     * The fixup map is used to determine whether a certain subnode of a certain node may require
+     * some kind of "fixup" operation, e.g. the addition of parenthesis or braces.
+     */
+    protected function initializeFixupMap() {
+        if ($this->fixupMap) return;
+
+        $this->fixupMap = [
+            Expr\PreInc::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT],
+            Expr\PreDec::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT],
+            Expr\PostInc::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT],
+            Expr\PostDec::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT],
+            Expr\Instanceof_::class => [
+                'expr' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
+                'class' => self::FIXUP_NEW,
+            ],
+            Expr\Ternary::class => [
+                'cond' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
+                'else' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT,
+            ],
+
+            Expr\FuncCall::class => ['name' => self::FIXUP_CALL_LHS],
+            Expr\StaticCall::class => ['class' => self::FIXUP_STATIC_DEREF_LHS],
+            Expr\ArrayDimFetch::class => ['var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS],
+            Expr\ClassConstFetch::class => [
+                'class' => self::FIXUP_STATIC_DEREF_LHS,
+                'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
+            ],
+            Expr\New_::class => ['class' => self::FIXUP_NEW],
+            Expr\MethodCall::class => [
+                'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
+                'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
+            ],
+            Expr\NullsafeMethodCall::class => [
+                'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
+                'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
+            ],
+            Expr\StaticPropertyFetch::class => [
+                'class' => self::FIXUP_STATIC_DEREF_LHS,
+                'name' => self::FIXUP_VAR_BRACED_NAME,
+            ],
+            Expr\PropertyFetch::class => [
+                'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
+                'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
+            ],
+            Expr\NullsafePropertyFetch::class => [
+                'var' => self::FIXUP_DEREF_LHS,
+                'name' => self::FIXUP_BRACED_NAME,
+            ],
+            Scalar\Encapsed::class => [
+                'parts' => self::FIXUP_ENCAPSED,
+            ],
+        ];
+
+        $binaryOps = [
+            BinaryOp\Pow::class, BinaryOp\Mul::class, BinaryOp\Div::class, BinaryOp\Mod::class,
+            BinaryOp\Plus::class, BinaryOp\Minus::class, BinaryOp\Concat::class,
+            BinaryOp\ShiftLeft::class, BinaryOp\ShiftRight::class, BinaryOp\Smaller::class,
+            BinaryOp\SmallerOrEqual::class, BinaryOp\Greater::class, BinaryOp\GreaterOrEqual::class,
+            BinaryOp\Equal::class, BinaryOp\NotEqual::class, BinaryOp\Identical::class,
+            BinaryOp\NotIdentical::class, BinaryOp\Spaceship::class, BinaryOp\BitwiseAnd::class,
+            BinaryOp\BitwiseXor::class, BinaryOp\BitwiseOr::class, BinaryOp\BooleanAnd::class,
+            BinaryOp\BooleanOr::class, BinaryOp\Coalesce::class, BinaryOp\LogicalAnd::class,
+            BinaryOp\LogicalXor::class, BinaryOp\LogicalOr::class,
+        ];
+        foreach ($binaryOps as $binaryOp) {
+            $this->fixupMap[$binaryOp] = [
+                'left' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
+                'right' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT
+            ];
+        }
+
+        $assignOps = [
+            Expr\Assign::class, Expr\AssignRef::class, AssignOp\Plus::class, AssignOp\Minus::class,
+            AssignOp\Mul::class, AssignOp\Div::class, AssignOp\Concat::class, AssignOp\Mod::class,
+            AssignOp\BitwiseAnd::class, AssignOp\BitwiseOr::class, AssignOp\BitwiseXor::class,
+            AssignOp\ShiftLeft::class, AssignOp\ShiftRight::class, AssignOp\Pow::class, AssignOp\Coalesce::class
+        ];
+        foreach ($assignOps as $assignOp) {
+            $this->fixupMap[$assignOp] = [
+                'var' => self::FIXUP_PREC_LEFT,
+                'expr' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT,
+            ];
+        }
+
+        $prefixOps = [
+            Expr\BitwiseNot::class, Expr\BooleanNot::class, Expr\UnaryPlus::class, Expr\UnaryMinus::class,
+            Cast\Int_::class, Cast\Double::class, Cast\String_::class, Cast\Array_::class,
+            Cast\Object_::class, Cast\Bool_::class, Cast\Unset_::class, Expr\ErrorSuppress::class,
+            Expr\YieldFrom::class, Expr\Print_::class, Expr\Include_::class,
+        ];
+        foreach ($prefixOps as $prefixOp) {
+            $this->fixupMap[$prefixOp] = ['expr' => self::FIXUP_PREC_RIGHT];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Lazily initializes the removal map.
+     *
+     * The removal map is used to determine which additional tokens should be removed when a
+     * certain node is replaced by null.
+     */
+    protected function initializeRemovalMap() {
+        if ($this->removalMap) return;
+
+        $stripBoth = ['left' => \T_WHITESPACE, 'right' => \T_WHITESPACE];
+        $stripLeft = ['left' => \T_WHITESPACE];
+        $stripRight = ['right' => \T_WHITESPACE];
+        $stripDoubleArrow = ['right' => \T_DOUBLE_ARROW];
+        $stripColon = ['left' => ':'];
+        $stripEquals = ['left' => '='];
+        $this->removalMap = [
+            'Expr_ArrayDimFetch->dim' => $stripBoth,
+            'Expr_ArrayItem->key' => $stripDoubleArrow,
+            'Expr_ArrowFunction->returnType' => $stripColon,
+            'Expr_Closure->returnType' => $stripColon,
+            'Expr_Exit->expr' => $stripBoth,
+            'Expr_Ternary->if' => $stripBoth,
+            'Expr_Yield->key' => $stripDoubleArrow,
+            'Expr_Yield->value' => $stripBoth,
+            'Param->type' => $stripRight,
+            'Param->default' => $stripEquals,
+            'Stmt_Break->num' => $stripBoth,
+            'Stmt_Catch->var' => $stripLeft,
+            'Stmt_ClassConst->type' => $stripRight,
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->returnType' => $stripColon,
+            'Stmt_Class->extends' => ['left' => \T_EXTENDS],
+            'Stmt_Enum->scalarType' => $stripColon,
+            'Stmt_EnumCase->expr' => $stripEquals,
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->extends' => ['left' => \T_EXTENDS],
+            'Stmt_Continue->num' => $stripBoth,
+            'Stmt_Foreach->keyVar' => $stripDoubleArrow,
+            'Stmt_Function->returnType' => $stripColon,
+            'Stmt_If->else' => $stripLeft,
+            'Stmt_Namespace->name' => $stripLeft,
+            'Stmt_Property->type' => $stripRight,
+            'Stmt_PropertyProperty->default' => $stripEquals,
+            'Stmt_Return->expr' => $stripBoth,
+            'Stmt_StaticVar->default' => $stripEquals,
+            'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newName' => $stripLeft,
+            'Stmt_TryCatch->finally' => $stripLeft,
+            // 'Stmt_Case->cond': Replace with "default"
+            // 'Stmt_Class->name': Unclear what to do
+            // 'Stmt_Declare->stmts': Not a plain node
+            // 'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newModifier': Not a plain node
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function initializeInsertionMap() {
+        if ($this->insertionMap) return;
+
+        // TODO: "yield" where both key and value are inserted doesn't work
+        // [$find, $beforeToken, $extraLeft, $extraRight]
+        $this->insertionMap = [
+            'Expr_ArrayDimFetch->dim' => ['[', false, null, null],
+            'Expr_ArrayItem->key' => [null, false, null, ' => '],
+            'Expr_ArrowFunction->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
+            'Expr_Closure->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
+            'Expr_Ternary->if' => ['?', false, ' ', ' '],
+            'Expr_Yield->key' => [\T_YIELD, false, null, ' => '],
+            'Expr_Yield->value' => [\T_YIELD, false, ' ', null],
+            'Param->type' => [null, false, null, ' '],
+            'Param->default' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
+            'Stmt_Break->num' => [\T_BREAK, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_Catch->var' => [null, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
+            'Stmt_ClassConst->type' => [\T_CONST, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_Class->extends' => [null, false, ' extends ', null],
+            'Stmt_Enum->scalarType' => [null, false, ' : ', null],
+            'Stmt_EnumCase->expr' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->extends' => [null, ' extends ', null],
+            'Stmt_Continue->num' => [\T_CONTINUE, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_Foreach->keyVar' => [\T_AS, false, null, ' => '],
+            'Stmt_Function->returnType' => [')', false, ' : ', null],
+            'Stmt_If->else' => [null, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_Namespace->name' => [\T_NAMESPACE, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_Property->type' => [\T_VARIABLE, true, null, ' '],
+            'Stmt_PropertyProperty->default' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
+            'Stmt_Return->expr' => [\T_RETURN, false, ' ', null],
+            'Stmt_StaticVar->default' => [null, false, ' = ', null],
+            //'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newName' => [T_AS, false, ' ', null], // TODO
+            'Stmt_TryCatch->finally' => [null, false, ' ', null],
+
+            // 'Expr_Exit->expr': Complicated due to optional ()
+            // 'Stmt_Case->cond': Conversion from default to case
+            // 'Stmt_Class->name': Unclear
+            // 'Stmt_Declare->stmts': Not a proper node
+            // 'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newModifier': Not a proper node
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function initializeListInsertionMap() {
+        if ($this->listInsertionMap) return;
+
+        $this->listInsertionMap = [
+            // special
+            //'Expr_ShellExec->parts' => '', // TODO These need to be treated more carefully
+            //'Scalar_Encapsed->parts' => '',
+            'Stmt_Catch->types' => '|',
+            'UnionType->types' => '|',
+            'IntersectionType->types' => '&',
+            'Stmt_If->elseifs' => ' ',
+            'Stmt_TryCatch->catches' => ' ',
+
+            // comma-separated lists
+            'Expr_Array->items' => ', ',
+            'Expr_ArrowFunction->params' => ', ',
+            'Expr_Closure->params' => ', ',
+            'Expr_Closure->uses' => ', ',
+            'Expr_FuncCall->args' => ', ',
+            'Expr_Isset->vars' => ', ',
+            'Expr_List->items' => ', ',
+            'Expr_MethodCall->args' => ', ',
+            'Expr_NullsafeMethodCall->args' => ', ',
+            'Expr_New->args' => ', ',
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->args' => ', ',
+            'Expr_StaticCall->args' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_ClassConst->consts' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->params' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Class->implements' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Enum->implements' => ', ',
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->implements' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Const->consts' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Declare->declares' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Echo->exprs' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_For->init' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_For->cond' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_For->loop' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Function->params' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Global->vars' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_GroupUse->uses' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Interface->extends' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Match->arms' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Property->props' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_StaticVar->vars' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_TraitUse->traits' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Precedence->insteadof' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Unset->vars' => ', ',
+            'Stmt_Use->uses' => ', ',
+            'MatchArm->conds' => ', ',
+            'AttributeGroup->attrs' => ', ',
+
+            // statement lists
+            'Expr_Closure->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Case->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Catch->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Class->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Enum->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Interface->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Trait->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Declare->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Do->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_ElseIf->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Else->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Finally->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Foreach->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_For->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Function->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_If->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Namespace->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Class->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Enum->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_EnumCase->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Interface->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Trait->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Function->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_ClassConst->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_Property->attrGroups' => "\n",
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->attrGroups' => ' ',
+            'Expr_Closure->attrGroups' => ' ',
+            'Expr_ArrowFunction->attrGroups' => ' ',
+            'Param->attrGroups' => ' ',
+            'Stmt_Switch->cases' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_TraitUse->adaptations' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_TryCatch->stmts' => "\n",
+            'Stmt_While->stmts' => "\n",
+
+            // dummy for top-level context
+            'File->stmts' => "\n",
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function initializeEmptyListInsertionMap() {
+        if ($this->emptyListInsertionMap) return;
+
+        // TODO Insertion into empty statement lists.
+
+        // [$find, $extraLeft, $extraRight]
+        $this->emptyListInsertionMap = [
+            'Expr_ArrowFunction->params' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_Closure->uses' => [')', ' use(', ')'],
+            'Expr_Closure->params' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_FuncCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_MethodCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_NullsafeMethodCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_New->args' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->args' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->implements' => [null, ' implements ', ''],
+            'Expr_StaticCall->args' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Stmt_Class->implements' => [null, ' implements ', ''],
+            'Stmt_Enum->implements' => [null, ' implements ', ''],
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->params' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Stmt_Interface->extends' => [null, ' extends ', ''],
+            'Stmt_Function->params' => ['(', '', ''],
+            'Stmt_Interface->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Stmt_Class->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Stmt_ClassConst->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Stmt_Function->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Stmt_Property->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Stmt_Trait->attrGroups' => [null, '', "\n"],
+            'Expr_ArrowFunction->attrGroups' => [null, '', ' '],
+            'Expr_Closure->attrGroups' => [null, '', ' '],
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->attrGroups' => [\T_NEW, ' ', ''],
+
+            /* These cannot be empty to start with:
+             * Expr_Isset->vars
+             * Stmt_Catch->types
+             * Stmt_Const->consts
+             * Stmt_ClassConst->consts
+             * Stmt_Declare->declares
+             * Stmt_Echo->exprs
+             * Stmt_Global->vars
+             * Stmt_GroupUse->uses
+             * Stmt_Property->props
+             * Stmt_StaticVar->vars
+             * Stmt_TraitUse->traits
+             * Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Precedence->insteadof
+             * Stmt_Unset->vars
+             * Stmt_Use->uses
+             * UnionType->types
+             */
+
+            /* TODO
+             * Stmt_If->elseifs
+             * Stmt_TryCatch->catches
+             * Expr_Array->items
+             * Expr_List->items
+             * Stmt_For->init
+             * Stmt_For->cond
+             * Stmt_For->loop
+             */
+        ];
+    }
+
+    protected function initializeModifierChangeMap() {
+        if ($this->modifierChangeMap) return;
+
+        $this->modifierChangeMap = [
+            'Stmt_ClassConst->flags' => \T_CONST,
+            'Stmt_ClassMethod->flags' => \T_FUNCTION,
+            'Stmt_Class->flags' => \T_CLASS,
+            'Stmt_Property->flags' => \T_VARIABLE,
+            'Expr_PrintableNewAnonClass->flags' => \T_CLASS,
+            'Param->flags' => \T_VARIABLE,
+            //'Stmt_TraitUseAdaptation_Alias->newModifier' => 0, // TODO
+        ];
+
+        // List of integer subnodes that are not modifiers:
+        // Expr_Include->type
+        // Stmt_GroupUse->type
+        // Stmt_Use->type
+        // Stmt_UseUse->type
+    }
+}