@apmantza/greedysearch-pi 1.9.1 → 1.9.2

package/extractors/common.mjs

@@ -1,645 +1,703 @@
-// extractors/common.mjs — shared utilities for CDP-based extractors
-// Extracts common patterns: cdp wrapper, tab management, clipboard interception, source parsing
-
-import { randomInt } from "node:crypto";
-import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
-import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
-
-const __dir = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-const CDP = join(__dir, "..", "bin", "cdp.mjs");
-
-// ============================================================================
-// CDP wrapper
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Execute a CDP command through the cdp.mjs CLI
- * @param {string[]} args - Command arguments
- * @param {number} [timeoutMs=30000] - Timeout in milliseconds
- * @returns {Promise<string>} Command output
- */
-export function cdp(args, timeoutMs = 30000) {
-	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-		const proc = spawn(process.execPath, [CDP, ...args], {
-			stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
-		});
-		let out = "";
-		let err = "";
-		proc.stdout.on("data", (d) => (out += d));
-		proc.stderr.on("data", (d) => (err += d));
-		const timer = setTimeout(() => {
-			proc.kill();
-			reject(new Error(`cdp timeout: ${args[0]}`));
-		}, timeoutMs);
-		proc.on("close", (code) => {
-			clearTimeout(timer);
-			if (code === 0) resolve(out.trim());
-			else reject(new Error(err.trim() || `cdp exit ${code}`));
-		});
-	});
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Tab management
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Get an existing tab by prefix or open a new one
- * @param {string|null} tabPrefix - Existing tab prefix, or null to create new
- * @returns {Promise<string>} Tab identifier
- */
-export async function getOrOpenTab(tabPrefix) {
-	if (tabPrefix) return tabPrefix;
-	// Always open a fresh tab to avoid SPA navigation issues
-	const list = await cdp(["list"]);
-	const anchor = list.split("\n")[0]?.slice(0, 8);
-	if (!anchor)
-		throw new Error(
-			"No Chrome tabs found. Is Chrome running with --remote-debugging-port=9222?",
-		);
-	const raw = await cdp([
-		"evalraw",
-		anchor,
-		"Target.createTarget",
-		'{"url":"about:blank"}',
-	]);
-	const { targetId } = JSON.parse(raw);
-	await cdp(["list"]); // refresh cache
-	const tid = targetId.slice(0, 8);
-	// Inject stealth patches for anti-detection coverage (both headless + visible)
-	injectHeadlessStealth(tid).catch(() => {});
-	return tid;
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Clipboard interception (for extractors that use copy-to-clipboard)
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Inject clipboard interceptor to capture text when copy buttons are clicked.
- * Each engine uses a unique global variable to avoid conflicts.
- * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
- * @param {string} globalVar - Global variable name (e.g., '__pplxClipboard', '__geminiClipboard')
- */
-export async function injectClipboardInterceptor(tab, globalVar) {
-	const code = `
-    window.${globalVar} = null;
-    const _origWriteText = navigator.clipboard.writeText.bind(navigator.clipboard);
-    navigator.clipboard.writeText = function(text) {
-      window.${globalVar} = text;
-      return _origWriteText(text);
-    };
-    const _origWrite = navigator.clipboard.write.bind(navigator.clipboard);
-    navigator.clipboard.write = async function(items) {
-      try {
-        for (const item of items) {
-          if (item.types && item.types.includes('text/plain')) {
-            const blob = await item.getType('text/plain');
-            window.${globalVar} = await blob.text();
-            break;
-          }
-        }
-      } catch(e) {}
-      return _origWrite(items);
-    };
-  `;
-	await cdp(["eval", tab, code]);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Headless stealth injection
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Inject anti-detection patches into a page in headless mode.
- * Based on production patterns from screenshotrun.com.
- */
-export async function injectHeadlessStealth(tab) {
-	const code = `
-(function() {
-  // ── Runtime.enable / CDP detection masking ──────────────
-  try { delete window.__REBROWSER_RUNTIME_ENABLE; } catch(_) {}
-  try { delete window.__REBROWSER_DEVTOOLS; } catch(_) {}
-  try { delete window.__nightmare; } catch(_) {}
-  try { delete window.__phantom; } catch(_) {}
-  try { delete window.callPhantom; } catch(_) {}
-  try { delete window._phantom; } catch(_) {}
-  try { delete window.Buffer; } catch(_) {}
-
-  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', { get: () => false });
-  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', {
-    get: () => {
-      var p = [
-        { name: 'Chrome PDF Plugin', filename: 'internal-pdf-viewer', description: 'Portable Document Format' },
-        { name: 'Chrome PDF Viewer', filename: 'mhjfbmdgcfjbbpaeojofohoefgiehjai', description: '' },
-        { name: 'Native Client', filename: 'internal-nacl-plugin', description: '' },
-      ];
-      p.length = 3;
-      return p;
-    },
-  });
-  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', { get: () => ['en-US', 'en'] });
-  if (!window.chrome) {
-    window.chrome = {
-      runtime: { connect: () => {}, sendMessage: () => {}, onMessage: { addListener: () => {} } },
-      loadTimes: () => ({}),
-      csi: () => ({}),
-    };
-  }
-  var origQuery = navigator.permissions?.query;
-  if (origQuery) {
-    navigator.permissions.query = function(params) {
-      if (params.name === 'notifications') return Promise.resolve({ state: Notification.permission });\n      return origQuery(params);
-    };
-  }
-  try {
-    var getParam = WebGLRenderingContext.prototype.getParameter;
-    WebGLRenderingContext.prototype.getParameter = function(p) {
-      if (p === 37445) return 'Intel Inc.';
-      if (p === 37446) return 'Intel Iris OpenGL Engine';
-      return getParam.call(this, p);
-    };
-  } catch(_) {}
-  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'hardwareConcurrency', { get: () => 8 });
-  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'deviceMemory', { get: () => 8 });
-
-  // ── Canvas fingerprint noise ─────────────────────────
-  // Headless rendering engines produce slightly different canvas output
-  // than headed Chrome. Subtle noise breaks hash-based fingerprinting.
-  try {
-    var origFill = CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.fillText;
-    CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.fillText = function() {
-      this.globalAlpha = 1 - (Math.random() * 0.001);
-      return origFill.apply(this, arguments);
-    };
-  } catch(_) {}
-  try {
-    var origStroke = CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.strokeText;
-    CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.strokeText = function() {
-      this.globalAlpha = 1 - (Math.random() * 0.001);
-      return origStroke.apply(this, arguments);
-    };
-  } catch(_) {}
-  try {
-    var origToDataURL = HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toDataURL;
-    HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toDataURL = function() {
-      var ctx = this.getContext('2d');
-      if (ctx) {
-        // Add 1px noise pixel in corner (invisible but changes hash)
-        var imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1);
-        if (imgData) imgData.data[0] ^= (Math.random() < 0.5 ? 1 : 0);
-        ctx.putImageData(imgData, 0, 0);
-      }
-      return origToDataURL.apply(this, arguments);
-    };
-  } catch(_) {}
-
-  // ── window outer dimensions ──────────────────────────
-  // outerWidth/Height = 0 in headless — a well-known bot signal.
-  // Mirror innerWidth/Height (set by --window-size flag) so the ratio is sane.
-  try {
-    if (!window.outerWidth)  Object.defineProperty(window, 'outerWidth',  { get: () => window.innerWidth  || 1920, configurable: true });
-    if (!window.outerHeight) Object.defineProperty(window, 'outerHeight', { get: () => window.innerHeight || 1080, configurable: true });
-  } catch(_) {}
-
-  // ── screen properties ─────────────────────────────────
-  try {
-    if (!screen.colorDepth) Object.defineProperty(screen, 'colorDepth', { get: () => 24, configurable: true });
-    if (!screen.pixelDepth) Object.defineProperty(screen, 'pixelDepth', { get: () => 24, configurable: true });
-  } catch(_) {}
-
-  // ── navigator.userAgentData (UA Client Hints) ─────────
-  // Derive version from the UA string already set by --user-agent flag so the
-  // two APIs are always consistent. Removes any "HeadlessChrome" brand entry.
-  try {
-    var _uaMajor = (navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome\/(\d+)/) || [])[1] || '136';
-    var _uaFull  = (navigator.userAgent.match(/Chrome\/([\d.]+)/) || [])[1] || (_uaMajor + '.0.0.0');
-    var _brands  = [
-      { brand: 'Not)A;Brand',  version: '99' },
-      { brand: 'Google Chrome', version: _uaMajor },
-      { brand: 'Chromium',      version: _uaMajor },
-    ];
-    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'userAgentData', {
-      get: function() {
-        return {
-          brands: _brands, mobile: false, platform: 'Windows',
-          getHighEntropyValues: function() {
-            return Promise.resolve({
-              architecture: 'x86', bitness: '64',
-              brands: _brands,
-              fullVersionList: [
-                { brand: 'Not)A;Brand',   version: '99.0.0.0' },
-                { brand: 'Google Chrome', version: _uaFull },
-                { brand: 'Chromium',      version: _uaFull },
-              ],
-              mobile: false, model: '', platform: 'Windows',
-              platformVersion: '15.0.0', uaFullVersion: _uaFull, wow64: false,
-            });
-          },
-          toJSON: function() { return { brands: _brands, mobile: false, platform: 'Windows' }; },
-        };
-      },
-      configurable: true,
-    });
-  } catch(_) {}
-
-  // ── CDP Runtime serialization guard ──────────────────
-  // Sites detect CDP by putting a getter on Error.prototype.stack
-  // and checking if console.log triggers it (only happens when
-  // Runtime domain is enabled). We monkey-patch console methods to
-  // strip custom getters from arguments before they reach CDP.
-  try {
-    var _origLog = console.log, _origError = console.error,
-        _origWarn = console.warn, _origDebug = console.debug,
-        _origInfo = console.info;
-    var _safeArg = function(a) {
-      if (a instanceof Error) {
-        try { return new Error(a.message); } catch(_) { return a; }
-      }
-      return a;
-    };
-    console.log = function() { return _origLog.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); };
-    console.error = function() { return _origError.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); };
-    console.warn = function() { return _origWarn.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); };
-    console.debug = function() { return _origDebug.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); };
-    console.info = function() { return _origInfo.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); };
-  } catch(_) {}
-})();
-`;
-	await cdp([
-		"evalraw",
-		tab,
-		"Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument",
-		JSON.stringify({ source: code }),
-	]);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Source extraction from markdown
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Parse Markdown links from text to extract sources
- * @param {string} text - Text containing Markdown links like [title](url)
- * @returns {Array<{title: string, url: string}>} Extracted sources
- */
-export function parseSourcesFromMarkdown(text) {
-	if (!text) return [];
-	const results = [];
-	let idx = 0;
-	while (idx < text.length && results.length < 10) {
-		const openBracket = text.indexOf("[", idx);
-		if (openBracket === -1) break;
-		const closeBracket = text.indexOf("](", openBracket);
-		if (closeBracket === -1) break;
-		const openParen = closeBracket + 2;
-		// Validate URL prefix and find closing paren
-		let closeParen = -1;
-		for (let p = openParen; p < text.length; p++) {
-			const ch = text[p];
-			if (ch === ")") {
-				closeParen = p;
-				break;
-			}
-			if (/\s/.test(ch)) break; // whitespace in URL = invalid markdown link
-		}
-		if (closeParen !== -1) {
-			const title = text.slice(openBracket + 1, closeBracket);
-			const url = text.slice(openParen, closeParen);
-			if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(url) && title) {
-				// Deduplicate by URL
-				if (!results.some((r) => r.url === url)) {
-					results.push({ title, url });
-				}
-			}
-			idx = closeParen + 1;
-		} else {
-			idx = openBracket + 1;
-		}
-	}
-	return results;
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Timing constants
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const TIMING = {
-	postNav: 800, // settle after navigation
-	postNavSlow: 1200, // settle after slower navigations (Bing, Gemini)
-	postClick: 300, // settle after a UI click
-	postType: 300, // settle after typing
-	inputPoll: 400, // polling interval when waiting for input to appear
-	copyPoll: 600, // polling interval when waiting for copy button
-	afterVerify: 1500, // settle after a verification challenge completes
-};
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Copy button polling
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Wait for a copy button to appear in the DOM.
- * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
- * @param {string} selector - CSS selector for the copy button
- * @param {object} [options]
- * @param {number} [options.timeout=60000] - Max wait in ms
- * @param {Function} [options.onPoll] - Optional async callback on each poll tick (e.g. scroll)
- * @returns {Promise<void>}
- */
-export async function waitForCopyButton(tab, selector, options = {}) {
-	const { timeout = 60000, onPoll } = options;
-	const deadline = Date.now() + timeout;
-	let tick = 0;
-	while (Date.now() < deadline) {
-		await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, jitter(TIMING.copyPoll)));
-		if (onPoll) await onPoll(++tick).catch(() => null);
-		const found = await cdp([
-			"eval",
-			tab,
-			`!!document.querySelector('${selector}')`,
-		]).catch(() => "false");
-		if (found === "true") return;
-	}
-	throw new Error(
-		`Copy button ('${selector}') did not appear within ${timeout}ms`,
-	);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Timing jitter
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Add ±20% random jitter to a timing value to avoid bot-like regularity.
- * Also floors at 50ms minimum to prevent micro-polling.
- * @param {number} ms - Base interval in milliseconds
- * @returns {number} Jittered interval
- */
-export function jitter(ms) {
-	const variance = ms * 0.4;
-	const offset = randomInt(-Math.floor(variance), Math.floor(variance) + 1);
-	return Math.max(50, Math.round(ms + offset));
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Stream completion detection
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Wait for generation/streaming to complete by monitoring text length stability.
- *
- * Uses a SINGLE Runtime.evaluate call with awaitPromise: true — the stability
- * polling runs entirely inside the browser context, emitting no CDP traffic
- * during the wait. This avoids the CDP Runtime serialization detection vector
- * that would otherwise fire on every poll tick (~50 evals → 1 eval).
- *
- * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
- * @param {object} options - Options
- * @param {number} [options.timeout=30000] - Maximum wait time in ms
- * @param {number} [options.interval=600] - Polling interval in ms (jittered ±20%)
- * @param {number} [options.stableRounds=3] - Required stable rounds to consider complete
- * @param {string} [options.selector='document.body'] - Element to monitor (default: body)
- * @returns {Promise<number>} Final text length
- */
-export async function waitForStreamComplete(tab, options = {}) {
-	const {
-		timeout = 20000,
-		interval = 600,
-		stableRounds = 3,
-		selector = "document.body",
-		minLength = 0,
-	} = options;
-
-	// Single self-contained eval — polling runs in the browser, no CDP chatter.
-	// The promise resolves when stability is reached or timeout expires.
-	const code = String.raw`
-	new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-		const _deadline = Date.now() + ${timeout};
-		const _baseInterval = ${interval};
-		const _stableRounds = ${stableRounds};
-		const _minLength = ${minLength};
-		let _lastLen = -1;
-		let _stableCount = 0;
-
-		function _jitter(ms) {
-			return Math.max(50, ms + (Math.random() * ms * 0.4 - ms * 0.2));
-		}
-
-		function _poll() {
-			try {
-				// Re-query DOM each tick — element may not exist at eval start
-				const el = ${selector};
-				const cur = el?.innerText?.length ?? 0;
-				if (cur >= _minLength) {
-					if (cur === _lastLen) {
-						_stableCount++;
-						if (_stableCount >= _stableRounds) { resolve(cur); return; }
-					} else {
-						_lastLen = cur;
-						_stableCount = 0;
-					}
-				}
-				if (Date.now() < _deadline) {
-					setTimeout(_poll, _jitter(_baseInterval));
-				} else {
-					if (_lastLen >= _minLength) { resolve(_lastLen); }
-					else { reject(new Error('Generation did not stabilise within ${timeout}ms')); }
-				}
-			} catch(e) { reject(e); }
-		}
-
-		_poll();
-	})
-	`;
-
-	// Use eval (which has awaitPromise:true in cdp.mjs) with generous timeout.
-	// This is ONE Runtime.evaluate call — the polling loop runs in the browser.
-	const lenStr = await cdp(["eval", tab, code], timeout + 10000);
-	const currentLen = parseInt(lenStr, 10) || 0;
-
-	if (currentLen >= minLength) return currentLen;
-	throw new Error(`Generation did not stabilise within ${timeout}ms`);
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// DOM selector waiting (single eval, no polling)
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Wait for a CSS selector to appear in the DOM using a single self-contained
- * eval. The polling loop runs in the browser — zero CDP traffic until done.
- *
- * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
- * @param {string} selector - CSS selector to wait for
- * @param {number} [timeoutMs=15000] - Maximum wait time in ms
- * @param {number} [interval=500] - Base polling interval in ms (jittered ±20%)
- * @returns {Promise<boolean>} true if selector was found, false on timeout
- */
-export async function waitForSelector(
-	tab,
-	selector,
-	timeoutMs = 15000,
-	interval = 500,
-) {
-	const code = String.raw`
-	new Promise((resolve) => {
-		const _deadline = Date.now() + ${timeoutMs};
-		const _baseInterval = ${interval};
-
-		function _jitter(ms) {
-			return Math.max(50, ms + (Math.random() * ms * 0.4 - ms * 0.2));
-		}
-
-		function _poll() {
-			try {
-				if (document.querySelector('${selector}')) { resolve(true); return; }
-				if (Date.now() < _deadline) { setTimeout(_poll, _jitter(_baseInterval)); }
-				else { resolve(false); }
-			} catch(_) { resolve(false); }
-		}
-
-		_poll();
-	})
-	`;
-
-	const result = await cdp(["eval", tab, code], timeoutMs + 5000);
-	return result === "true";
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// CLI argument parsing
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Prepare args — if --stdin is present, read the query/prompt from stdin
- * and replace the --stdin flag with the content. This avoids leaking queries
- * and prompts via command-line arguments visible in the process table.
- * Call this before parseArgs().
- * @param {string[]} args - process.argv.slice(2)
- * @returns {Promise<string[]>} modified args with query in place of --stdin
- */
-export async function prepareArgs(args) {
-	const stdinIdx = args.indexOf("--stdin");
-	if (stdinIdx === -1) return args;
-
-	const query = await new Promise((resolve) => {
-		let data = "";
-		process.stdin.setEncoding("utf8");
-		process.stdin.on("data", (chunk) => (data += chunk));
-		process.stdin.on("end", () => resolve(data.trim()));
-	});
-
-	// Replace --stdin with the query text (parseArgs will extract it as query)
-	const modified = [...args];
-	modified[stdinIdx] = query;
-	return modified;
-}
-
-/**
- * Parse standard extractor CLI arguments
- * @param {string[]} args - process.argv.slice(2)
- * @returns {{query: string, tabPrefix: string|null, short: boolean, locale: string|null}}
- */
-export function parseArgs(args) {
-	const short = args.includes("--short");
-	let rest = args.filter((a) => a !== "--short");
-
-	const tabFlagIdx = rest.indexOf("--tab");
-	const tabPrefix = tabFlagIdx === -1 ? null : rest[tabFlagIdx + 1];
-	if (tabFlagIdx !== -1) {
-		rest = rest.filter((_, i) => i !== tabFlagIdx && i !== tabFlagIdx + 1);
-	}
-
-	const localeIdx = rest.indexOf("--locale");
-	const locale = localeIdx === -1 ? null : rest[localeIdx + 1];
-	if (localeIdx !== -1) {
-		rest = rest.filter((_, i) => i !== localeIdx && i !== localeIdx + 1);
-	}
-
-	const query = rest.join(" ");
-	return { query, tabPrefix, short, locale };
-}
-
-/**
- * Validate that a query was provided, show usage and exit if not
- * @param {string[]} args - process.argv.slice(2)
- * @param {string} usage - Usage string for error message
- */
-export function validateQuery(args, usage) {
-	if (!args.length || args[0] === "--help") {
-		process.stderr.write(usage);
-		process.exit(1);
-	}
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Output formatting
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * Truncate answer if short mode is enabled
- * @param {string} answer - Full answer text
- * @param {boolean} short - Whether to truncate
- * @param {number} [maxLen=300] - Maximum length in short mode
- * @returns {string} Formatted answer
- */
-export function formatAnswer(answer, short, maxLen = 300) {
-	if (!short || answer.length <= maxLen) return answer;
-	const truncated = answer.slice(0, maxLen);
-	const lastSpace = truncated.lastIndexOf(" ");
-	return lastSpace > 0 ? `${truncated.slice(0, lastSpace)}…` : `${truncated}…`;
-}
-
-/**
- * Output JSON result to stdout
- * @param {object} data - Data to output
- */
-export function outputJson(data) {
-	process.stdout.write(`${JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}\n`);
-}
-
-/**
- * Build a lightweight result envelope from data already collected during extraction.
- * Zero additional CDP calls — everything here is already known.
- * @param {object} fields
- * @returns {object}
- */
-export function buildEnvelope({
-	engine,
-	mode = "headless",
-	clipboardEmpty = null,
-	fallbackUsed = null,
-	blockedBy = null,
-	verificationResult = null,
-	inputReady = null,
-	durationMs = null,
-} = {}) {
-	return {
-		engine,
-		mode,
-		clipboardEmpty,
-		fallbackUsed,
-		blockedBy,
-		verificationResult,
-		inputReady,
-		durationMs,
-	};
-}
-
-/**
- * Handle and output error, then exit.
- * If an envelope is provided, writes it to stdout as JSON so the runner
- * can parse structured diagnostics even on failure.
- * @param {Error} error - Error to handle
- * @param {object} [envelope] - Optional envelope object
- */
-export function handleError(error, envelope = null) {
-	if (envelope) {
-		const out = JSON.stringify({ _envelope: envelope, error: error.message });
-		process.stdout.write(`${out}\n`);
-	}
-	process.stderr.write(`Error: ${error.message}\n`);
-	process.exit(1);
-}
+// extractors/common.mjs — shared utilities for CDP-based extractors
+// Extracts common patterns: cdp wrapper, tab management, clipboard interception, source parsing
+
+import { randomInt } from "node:crypto";
+import { spawn } from "node:child_process";
+import { dirname, join } from "node:path";
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+
+const __dir = dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
+const CDP = join(__dir, "..", "bin", "cdp.mjs");
+
+// ============================================================================
+// CDP wrapper
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Execute a CDP command through the cdp.mjs CLI
+ * @param {string[]} args - Command arguments
+ * @param {number} [timeoutMs=30000] - Timeout in milliseconds
+ * @returns {Promise<string>} Command output
+ */
+export function cdp(args, timeoutMs = 30000) {
+	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+		const proc = spawn(process.execPath, [CDP, ...args], {
+			stdio: ["ignore", "pipe", "pipe"],
+		});
+		let out = "";
+		let err = "";
+		proc.stdout.on("data", (d) => (out += d));
+		proc.stderr.on("data", (d) => (err += d));
+		const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+			proc.kill();
+			reject(new Error(`cdp timeout: ${args[0]}`));
+		}, timeoutMs);
+		proc.on("close", (code) => {
+			clearTimeout(timer);
+			if (code === 0) resolve(out.trim());
+			else reject(new Error(err.trim() || `cdp exit ${code}`));
+		});
+	});
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Tab management
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Get an existing tab by prefix or open a new one
+ * @param {string|null} tabPrefix - Existing tab prefix, or null to create new
+ * @returns {Promise<string>} Tab identifier
+ */
+export async function getOrOpenTab(tabPrefix) {
+	if (tabPrefix) return tabPrefix;
+	// Always open a fresh tab to avoid SPA navigation issues
+	const list = await cdp(["list"]);
+	const anchor = list.split("\n")[0]?.slice(0, 8);
+	if (!anchor)
+		throw new Error(
+			"No Chrome tabs found. Is Chrome running with --remote-debugging-port=9222?",
+		);
+	const raw = await cdp([
+		"evalraw",
+		anchor,
+		"Target.createTarget",
+		'{"url":"about:blank"}',
+	]);
+	const { targetId } = JSON.parse(raw);
+	await cdp(["list"]); // refresh cache
+	const tid = targetId.slice(0, 8);
+	// Inject stealth patches for anti-detection coverage (both headless + visible)
+	injectHeadlessStealth(tid).catch(() => {});
+	return tid;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Clipboard interception (for extractors that use copy-to-clipboard)
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Inject clipboard interceptor to capture text when copy buttons are clicked.
+ * Each engine uses a unique global variable to avoid conflicts.
+ * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
+ * @param {string} globalVar - Global variable name (e.g., '__pplxClipboard', '__geminiClipboard')
+ */
+export async function injectClipboardInterceptor(tab, globalVar) {
+	const code = `
+    window.${globalVar} = null;
+    const _origWriteText = navigator.clipboard.writeText.bind(navigator.clipboard);
+    navigator.clipboard.writeText = function(text) {
+      window.${globalVar} = text;
+      return _origWriteText(text);
+    };
+    const _origWrite = navigator.clipboard.write.bind(navigator.clipboard);
+    navigator.clipboard.write = async function(items) {
+      try {
+        for (const item of items) {
+          if (item.types && item.types.includes('text/plain')) {
+            const blob = await item.getType('text/plain');
+            window.${globalVar} = await blob.text();
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      } catch(e) {}
+      return _origWrite(items);
+    };
+  `;
+	await cdp(["eval", tab, code]);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Headless stealth injection
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Inject anti-detection patches into a page in headless mode.
+ * Based on production patterns from screenshotrun.com.
+ */
+export async function injectHeadlessStealth(tab) {
+	const code = `
+(function() {
+  // ── Runtime.enable / CDP detection masking ──────────────
+  try { delete window.__REBROWSER_RUNTIME_ENABLE; } catch(_) {}
+  try { delete window.__REBROWSER_DEVTOOLS; } catch(_) {}
+  try { delete window.__nightmare; } catch(_) {}
+  try { delete window.__phantom; } catch(_) {}
+  try { delete window.callPhantom; } catch(_) {}
+  try { delete window._phantom; } catch(_) {}
+  try { delete window.Buffer; } catch(_) {}
+
+  // Real Chrome without automation does not expose a useful webdriver value.
+  // A literal false value is itself a common stealth tell; prefer undefined and
+  // make the descriptor configurable like native browser properties.
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'webdriver', { get: () => undefined, configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'vendor', { get: () => 'Google Inc.', configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'platform', { get: () => 'Win32', configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'maxTouchPoints', { get: () => 0, configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'pdfViewerEnabled', { get: () => true, configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'plugins', {
+    get: () => {
+      var p = [
+        { name: 'Chrome PDF Plugin', filename: 'internal-pdf-viewer', description: 'Portable Document Format' },
+        { name: 'Chrome PDF Viewer', filename: 'mhjfbmdgcfjbbpaeojofohoefgiehjai', description: '' },
+        { name: 'Native Client', filename: 'internal-nacl-plugin', description: '' },
+      ];
+      p.length = 3;
+      return p;
+    },
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'mimeTypes', {
+    get: () => {
+      var m = [
+        { type: 'application/pdf', suffixes: 'pdf', description: 'Portable Document Format', enabledPlugin: null },
+        { type: 'text/pdf', suffixes: 'pdf', description: 'Portable Document Format', enabledPlugin: null },
+      ];
+      m.item = function(i) { return m[i] || null; };
+      m.namedItem = function(name) { return m.find(function(x) { return x.type === name; }) || null; };
+      return m;
+    },
+    configurable: true,
+  });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'languages', { get: () => ['en-US', 'en'], configurable: true });
+  try {
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'connection', { get: () => ({ effectiveType: '4g', rtt: 50, downlink: 10, saveData: false }), configurable: true });
+  } catch(_) {}
+  if (!navigator.mediaDevices) {
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'mediaDevices', {
+      get: () => ({
+        enumerateDevices: () => Promise.resolve([
+          { deviceId: 'default', kind: 'audioinput', label: '', groupId: 'default' },
+          { deviceId: 'default', kind: 'audiooutput', label: '', groupId: 'default' },
+          { deviceId: '', kind: 'videoinput', label: '', groupId: '' },
+        ]),
+        getUserMedia: () => Promise.reject(new DOMException('NotAllowedError')),
+        getDisplayMedia: () => Promise.reject(new DOMException('NotAllowedError')),
+      }),
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  }
+  if (!window.chrome) {
+    window.chrome = {
+      app: { isInstalled: false, InstallState: {}, RunningState: {} },
+      runtime: {
+        OnInstalledReason: {}, OnRestartRequiredReason: {}, PlatformArch: {}, PlatformNaclArch: {}, PlatformOs: {}, RequestUpdateCheckStatus: {},
+        connect: () => ({}), sendMessage: () => {}, onMessage: { addListener: () => {} }
+      },
+      loadTimes: () => ({}),
+      csi: () => ({}),
+    };
+  }
+  var __greedyNativeFns = [];
+  function __markNative(fn) { try { __greedyNativeFns.push(fn); } catch(_) {} return fn; }
+
+  var origQuery = navigator.permissions?.query;
+  if (origQuery) {
+    navigator.permissions.query = __markNative(function query(params) {
+      if (params && params.name === 'notifications') return Promise.resolve({ state: Notification.permission || 'default', onchange: null });
+      return origQuery.apply(this, arguments);
+    });
+  }
+  try {
+    var getParam = WebGLRenderingContext.prototype.getParameter;
+    WebGLRenderingContext.prototype.getParameter = __markNative(function getParameter(p) {
+      if (p === 37445) return 'Intel Inc.';
+      if (p === 37446) return 'Intel Iris OpenGL Engine';
+      return getParam.call(this, p);
+    });
+  } catch(_) {}
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'hardwareConcurrency', { get: () => 8, configurable: true });
+  Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'deviceMemory', { get: () => 8, configurable: true });
+
+  // ── Canvas fingerprint noise ─────────────────────────
+  // Headless rendering engines produce slightly different canvas output
+  // than headed Chrome. Subtle noise breaks hash-based fingerprinting.
+  try {
+    var __canvasNoise = ((Date.now() % 997) + Math.floor(Math.random() * 997)) & 1;
+    var origFill = CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.fillText;
+    CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.fillText = __markNative(function fillText() {
+      this.globalAlpha = 0.9995;
+      return origFill.apply(this, arguments);
+    });
+  } catch(_) {}
+  try {
+    var origStroke = CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.strokeText;
+    CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype.strokeText = __markNative(function strokeText() {
+      this.globalAlpha = 0.9995;
+      return origStroke.apply(this, arguments);
+    });
+  } catch(_) {}
+  try {
+    var origToDataURL = HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toDataURL;
+    HTMLCanvasElement.prototype.toDataURL = __markNative(function toDataURL() {
+      var ctx = this.getContext('2d');
+      if (ctx) {
+        // Add 1px noise pixel in corner (invisible but changes hash)
+        var imgData = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, 1, 1);
+        if (imgData) imgData.data[0] ^= __canvasNoise;
+        ctx.putImageData(imgData, 0, 0);
+      }
+      return origToDataURL.apply(this, arguments);
+    });
+  } catch(_) {}
+
+  // ── window outer dimensions ──────────────────────────
+  // outerWidth/Height = 0 in headless — a well-known bot signal.
+  // Mirror innerWidth/Height (set by --window-size flag) so the ratio is sane.
+  try {
+    if (!window.outerWidth)  Object.defineProperty(window, 'outerWidth',  { get: () => window.innerWidth  || 1920, configurable: true });
+    if (!window.outerHeight) Object.defineProperty(window, 'outerHeight', { get: () => window.innerHeight || 1080, configurable: true });
+  } catch(_) {}
+
+  // ── screen properties ─────────────────────────────────
+  try {
+    if (!screen.colorDepth) Object.defineProperty(screen, 'colorDepth', { get: () => 24, configurable: true });
+    if (!screen.pixelDepth) Object.defineProperty(screen, 'pixelDepth', { get: () => 24, configurable: true });
+  } catch(_) {}
+
+  // ── navigator.userAgentData (UA Client Hints) ─────────
+  // Derive version from the UA string already set by --user-agent flag so the
+  // two APIs are always consistent. Removes any "HeadlessChrome" brand entry.
+  try {
+    var _uaMajor = (navigator.userAgent.match(new RegExp('Chrome/([0-9]+)')) || [])[1] || '136';
+    var _uaFull  = (navigator.userAgent.match(new RegExp('Chrome/([0-9.]+)')) || [])[1] || (_uaMajor + '.0.0.0');
+    var _brands  = [
+      { brand: 'Not)A;Brand',  version: '99' },
+      { brand: 'Google Chrome', version: _uaMajor },
+      { brand: 'Chromium',      version: _uaMajor },
+    ];
+    Object.defineProperty(navigator, 'userAgentData', {
+      get: function() {
+        return {
+          brands: _brands, mobile: false, platform: 'Windows',
+          getHighEntropyValues: function() {
+            return Promise.resolve({
+              architecture: 'x86', bitness: '64',
+              brands: _brands,
+              fullVersionList: [
+                { brand: 'Not)A;Brand',   version: '99.0.0.0' },
+                { brand: 'Google Chrome', version: _uaFull },
+                { brand: 'Chromium',      version: _uaFull },
+              ],
+              mobile: false, model: '', platform: 'Windows',
+              platformVersion: '15.0.0', uaFullVersion: _uaFull, wow64: false,
+            });
+          },
+          toJSON: function() { return { brands: _brands, mobile: false, platform: 'Windows' }; },
+        };
+      },
+      configurable: true,
+    });
+  } catch(_) {}
+
+  // ── CDP Runtime serialization guard ──────────────────
+  // Sites detect CDP by putting a getter on Error.prototype.stack
+  // and checking if console.log triggers it (only happens when
+  // Runtime domain is enabled). We monkey-patch console methods to
+  // strip custom getters from arguments before they reach CDP.
+  try {
+    var _origLog = console.log, _origError = console.error,
+        _origWarn = console.warn, _origDebug = console.debug,
+        _origInfo = console.info;
+    var _safeArg = function(a) {
+      if (a instanceof Error) {
+        try { return new Error(a.message); } catch(_) { return a; }
+      }
+      return a;
+    };
+    console.log = __markNative(function log() { return _origLog.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); });
+    console.error = __markNative(function error() { return _origError.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); });
+    console.warn = __markNative(function warn() { return _origWarn.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); });
+    console.debug = __markNative(function debug() { return _origDebug.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); });
+    console.info = __markNative(function info() { return _origInfo.apply(console, Array.prototype.map.call(arguments, _safeArg)); });
+  } catch(_) {}
+
+  // ── Native function masking ──────────────────────────
+  // Patched APIs should not stringify as user-defined stealth code.
+  try {
+    var __nativeToString = Function.prototype.toString;
+    Function.prototype.toString = function toString() {
+      if (__greedyNativeFns.indexOf(this) !== -1) {
+        var name = this.name || '';
+        return 'function ' + name + '() { [native code] }';
+      }
+      return __nativeToString.call(this);
+    };
+  } catch(_) {}
+})();
+`;
+	await cdp([
+		"evalraw",
+		tab,
+		"Page.addScriptToEvaluateOnNewDocument",
+		JSON.stringify({ source: code }),
+	]);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Source extraction from markdown
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Parse Markdown links from text to extract sources
+ * @param {string} text - Text containing Markdown links like [title](url)
+ * @returns {Array<{title: string, url: string}>} Extracted sources
+ */
+export function parseSourcesFromMarkdown(text) {
+	if (!text) return [];
+	const results = [];
+	let idx = 0;
+	while (idx < text.length && results.length < 10) {
+		const openBracket = text.indexOf("[", idx);
+		if (openBracket === -1) break;
+		const closeBracket = text.indexOf("](", openBracket);
+		if (closeBracket === -1) break;
+		const openParen = closeBracket + 2;
+		// Validate URL prefix and find closing paren
+		let closeParen = -1;
+		for (let p = openParen; p < text.length; p++) {
+			const ch = text[p];
+			if (ch === ")") {
+				closeParen = p;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (/\s/.test(ch)) break; // whitespace in URL = invalid markdown link
+		}
+		if (closeParen !== -1) {
+			const title = text.slice(openBracket + 1, closeBracket);
+			const url = text.slice(openParen, closeParen);
+			if (/^https?:\/\//i.test(url) && title) {
+				// Deduplicate by URL
+				if (!results.some((r) => r.url === url)) {
+					results.push({ title, url });
+				}
+			}
+			idx = closeParen + 1;
+		} else {
+			idx = openBracket + 1;
+		}
+	}
+	return results;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Timing constants
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const TIMING = {
+	postNav: 800, // settle after navigation
+	postNavSlow: 1200, // settle after slower navigations (Bing, Gemini)
+	postClick: 300, // settle after a UI click
+	postType: 300, // settle after typing
+	inputPoll: 400, // polling interval when waiting for input to appear
+	copyPoll: 600, // polling interval when waiting for copy button
+	afterVerify: 1500, // settle after a verification challenge completes
+};
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Copy button polling
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Wait for a copy button to appear in the DOM.
+ * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
+ * @param {string} selector - CSS selector for the copy button
+ * @param {object} [options]
+ * @param {number} [options.timeout=60000] - Max wait in ms
+ * @param {Function} [options.onPoll] - Optional async callback on each poll tick (e.g. scroll)
+ * @returns {Promise<void>}
+ */
+export async function waitForCopyButton(tab, selector, options = {}) {
+	const { timeout = 60000, onPoll } = options;
+	const deadline = Date.now() + timeout;
+	let tick = 0;
+	while (Date.now() < deadline) {
+		await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, jitter(TIMING.copyPoll)));
+		if (onPoll) await onPoll(++tick).catch(() => null);
+		const found = await cdp([
+			"eval",
+			tab,
+			`!!document.querySelector('${selector}')`,
+		]).catch(() => "false");
+		if (found === "true") return;
+	}
+	throw new Error(
+		`Copy button ('${selector}') did not appear within ${timeout}ms`,
+	);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Timing jitter
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Add ±20% random jitter to a timing value to avoid bot-like regularity.
+ * Also floors at 50ms minimum to prevent micro-polling.
+ * @param {number} ms - Base interval in milliseconds
+ * @returns {number} Jittered interval
+ */
+export function jitter(ms) {
+	const variance = ms * 0.4;
+	const offset = randomInt(-Math.floor(variance), Math.floor(variance) + 1);
+	return Math.max(50, Math.round(ms + offset));
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Stream completion detection
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Wait for generation/streaming to complete by monitoring text length stability.
+ *
+ * Uses a SINGLE Runtime.evaluate call with awaitPromise: true — the stability
+ * polling runs entirely inside the browser context, emitting no CDP traffic
+ * during the wait. This avoids the CDP Runtime serialization detection vector
+ * that would otherwise fire on every poll tick (~50 evals → 1 eval).
+ *
+ * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
+ * @param {object} options - Options
+ * @param {number} [options.timeout=30000] - Maximum wait time in ms
+ * @param {number} [options.interval=600] - Polling interval in ms (jittered ±20%)
+ * @param {number} [options.stableRounds=3] - Required stable rounds to consider complete
+ * @param {string} [options.selector='document.body'] - Element to monitor (default: body)
+ * @returns {Promise<number>} Final text length
+ */
+export async function waitForStreamComplete(tab, options = {}) {
+	const {
+		timeout = 20000,
+		interval = 600,
+		stableRounds = 3,
+		selector = "document.body",
+		minLength = 0,
+	} = options;
+
+	// Single self-contained eval — polling runs in the browser, no CDP chatter.
+	// The promise resolves when stability is reached or timeout expires.
+	const code = String.raw`
+	new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+		const _deadline = Date.now() + ${timeout};
+		const _baseInterval = ${interval};
+		const _stableRounds = ${stableRounds};
+		const _minLength = ${minLength};
+		let _lastLen = -1;
+		let _stableCount = 0;
+
+		function _jitter(ms) {
+			return Math.max(50, ms + (Math.random() * ms * 0.4 - ms * 0.2));
+		}
+
+		function _poll() {
+			try {
+				// Re-query DOM each tick — element may not exist at eval start
+				const el = ${selector};
+				const cur = el?.innerText?.length ?? 0;
+				if (cur >= _minLength) {
+					if (cur === _lastLen) {
+						_stableCount++;
+						if (_stableCount >= _stableRounds) { resolve(cur); return; }
+					} else {
+						_lastLen = cur;
+						_stableCount = 0;
+					}
+				}
+				if (Date.now() < _deadline) {
+					setTimeout(_poll, _jitter(_baseInterval));
+				} else {
+					if (_lastLen >= _minLength) { resolve(_lastLen); }
+					else { reject(new Error('Generation did not stabilise within ${timeout}ms')); }
+				}
+			} catch(e) { reject(e); }
+		}
+
+		_poll();
+	})
+	`;
+
+	// Use eval (which has awaitPromise:true in cdp.mjs) with generous timeout.
+	// This is ONE Runtime.evaluate call — the polling loop runs in the browser.
+	const lenStr = await cdp(["eval", tab, code], timeout + 10000);
+	const currentLen = parseInt(lenStr, 10) || 0;
+
+	if (currentLen >= minLength) return currentLen;
+	throw new Error(`Generation did not stabilise within ${timeout}ms`);
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// DOM selector waiting (single eval, no polling)
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Wait for a CSS selector to appear in the DOM using a single self-contained
+ * eval. The polling loop runs in the browser — zero CDP traffic until done.
+ *
+ * @param {string} tab - Tab identifier
+ * @param {string} selector - CSS selector to wait for
+ * @param {number} [timeoutMs=15000] - Maximum wait time in ms
+ * @param {number} [interval=500] - Base polling interval in ms (jittered ±20%)
+ * @returns {Promise<boolean>} true if selector was found, false on timeout
+ */
+export async function waitForSelector(
+	tab,
+	selector,
+	timeoutMs = 15000,
+	interval = 500,
+) {
+	const code = String.raw`
+	new Promise((resolve) => {
+		const _deadline = Date.now() + ${timeoutMs};
+		const _baseInterval = ${interval};
+
+		function _jitter(ms) {
+			return Math.max(50, ms + (Math.random() * ms * 0.4 - ms * 0.2));
+		}
+
+		function _poll() {
+			try {
+				if (document.querySelector('${selector}')) { resolve(true); return; }
+				if (Date.now() < _deadline) { setTimeout(_poll, _jitter(_baseInterval)); }
+				else { resolve(false); }
+			} catch(_) { resolve(false); }
+		}
+
+		_poll();
+	})
+	`;
+
+	const result = await cdp(["eval", tab, code], timeoutMs + 5000);
+	return result === "true";
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// CLI argument parsing
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Prepare args — if --stdin is present, read the query/prompt from stdin
+ * and replace the --stdin flag with the content. This avoids leaking queries
+ * and prompts via command-line arguments visible in the process table.
+ * Call this before parseArgs().
+ * @param {string[]} args - process.argv.slice(2)
+ * @returns {Promise<string[]>} modified args with query in place of --stdin
+ */
+export async function prepareArgs(args) {
+	const stdinIdx = args.indexOf("--stdin");
+	if (stdinIdx === -1) return args;
+
+	const query = await new Promise((resolve) => {
+		let data = "";
+		process.stdin.setEncoding("utf8");
+		process.stdin.on("data", (chunk) => (data += chunk));
+		process.stdin.on("end", () => resolve(data.trim()));
+	});
+
+	// Replace --stdin with the query text (parseArgs will extract it as query)
+	const modified = [...args];
+	modified[stdinIdx] = query;
+	return modified;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse standard extractor CLI arguments
+ * @param {string[]} args - process.argv.slice(2)
+ * @returns {{query: string, tabPrefix: string|null, short: boolean, locale: string|null}}
+ */
+export function parseArgs(args) {
+	const short = args.includes("--short");
+	let rest = args.filter((a) => a !== "--short");
+
+	const tabFlagIdx = rest.indexOf("--tab");
+	const tabPrefix = tabFlagIdx === -1 ? null : rest[tabFlagIdx + 1];
+	if (tabFlagIdx !== -1) {
+		rest = rest.filter((_, i) => i !== tabFlagIdx && i !== tabFlagIdx + 1);
+	}
+
+	const localeIdx = rest.indexOf("--locale");
+	const locale = localeIdx === -1 ? null : rest[localeIdx + 1];
+	if (localeIdx !== -1) {
+		rest = rest.filter((_, i) => i !== localeIdx && i !== localeIdx + 1);
+	}
+
+	const query = rest.join(" ");
+	return { query, tabPrefix, short, locale };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validate that a query was provided, show usage and exit if not
+ * @param {string[]} args - process.argv.slice(2)
+ * @param {string} usage - Usage string for error message
+ */
+export function validateQuery(args, usage) {
+	if (!args.length || args[0] === "--help") {
+		process.stderr.write(usage);
+		process.exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Output formatting
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * Truncate answer if short mode is enabled
+ * @param {string} answer - Full answer text
+ * @param {boolean} short - Whether to truncate
+ * @param {number} [maxLen=300] - Maximum length in short mode
+ * @returns {string} Formatted answer
+ */
+export function formatAnswer(answer, short, maxLen = 300) {
+	if (!short || answer.length <= maxLen) return answer;
+	const truncated = answer.slice(0, maxLen);
+	const lastSpace = truncated.lastIndexOf(" ");
+	return lastSpace > 0 ? `${truncated.slice(0, lastSpace)}…` : `${truncated}…`;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output JSON result to stdout
+ * @param {object} data - Data to output
+ */
+export function outputJson(data) {
+	process.stdout.write(`${JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}\n`);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build a lightweight result envelope from data already collected during extraction.
+ * Zero additional CDP calls — everything here is already known.
+ * @param {object} fields
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+export function buildEnvelope({
+	engine,
+	mode = "headless",
+	clipboardEmpty = null,
+	fallbackUsed = null,
+	blockedBy = null,
+	verificationResult = null,
+	inputReady = null,
+	durationMs = null,
+} = {}) {
+	return {
+		engine,
+		mode,
+		clipboardEmpty,
+		fallbackUsed,
+		blockedBy,
+		verificationResult,
+		inputReady,
+		durationMs,
+	};
+}
+
+/**
+ * Handle and output error, then exit.
+ * If an envelope is provided, writes it to stdout as JSON so the runner
+ * can parse structured diagnostics even on failure.
+ * @param {Error} error - Error to handle
+ * @param {object} [envelope] - Optional envelope object
+ */
+export function handleError(error, envelope = null) {
+	if (envelope) {
+		const out = JSON.stringify({ _envelope: envelope, error: error.message });
+		process.stdout.write(`${out}\n`);
+	}
+	process.stderr.write(`Error: ${error.message}\n`);
+	process.exit(1);
+}