@apifuse/provider-sdk 2.2.0-beta.5 → 2.2.0-beta.50

package/src/runtime/stealth.ts

@@ -1,26 +1,40 @@
 import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
-import type { Browser, ImpitOptions, ImpitResponse, RequestInit } from "impit";
-import { Impit } from "impit";
+import type {
+	BrowserProfile,
+	EmulationOS,
+	RequestInit as WreqRequestInit,
+	Session as WreqSession,
+} from "wreq-js";
 
-import type { ProxyResolutionOptions } from "../config/loader.js";
+import type { ProxyResolutionOptions, ProxyVendorName } from "../config/loader.js";
 import {
 	DEFAULT_SMARTPROXY_POOL_SIZE,
 	invalidateProxyResolutionCacheAsync,
 	ProxyResolutionError,
+	policyResolvesRegistryVendorChain,
+	resolvePolicyProxyPoolSpan,
+	resolvePolicyTransportAttemptCap,
 	resolveProxyConfigAsync,
-	SMARTPROXY_MAX_POOL_SIZE,
+	vendorFromResolvedSource,
 } from "../config/loader.js";
 import { SDKError, TransportError } from "../errors.js";
-import { getStealthProfile } from "../stealth/profiles.js";
+import {
+	DEFAULT_STEALTH_BROWSER,
+	DEFAULT_STEALTH_OS,
+	getStealthProfile,
+	resolveStealthProfileSelection,
+} from "../stealth/profiles.js";
 import type {
-	CookieJar,
 	HttpMethod,
 	StealthClient,
 	StealthFetchOptions,
+	StealthProfileDescriptor,
+	StealthProfileSelection,
 	StealthRedirectHop,
 	StealthResponse,
 	StealthSession,
 } from "../types.js";
+import { chrome149HeaderOrder } from "./chrome149-header-order.js";
 import {
 	createProxyAuthIpDeniedError,
 	createProxyEdgeAuthRejectedError,
@@ -44,14 +58,31 @@ import {
 	shouldRetryProxyTransportAttempt,
 	validateUnsafeProxyTransportRetryMethods,
 } from "./proxy-retry-policy.js";
-import { appendQueryParams } from "./request-options.js";
-
-const DEFAULT_PROFILE = "chrome-146";
+import {
+	evaluateRedirectHop,
+	isRedirectStatus,
+	nextRedirectMethod,
+	resolveRedirectUrl,
+} from "./redirects.js";
+import {
+	isSensitiveKey,
+	normalizeSensitiveParams,
+	redactSensitiveError,
+	redactSensitiveRequestError,
+	redactSensitiveText,
+	redactUrlQueryParams,
+	serializeRequestUrl,
+} from "./request-options.js";
+import { StealthCookieJar } from "./stealth-cookies.js";
+
+export const DEFAULT_STEALTH_PROFILE: StealthProfileDescriptor = Object.freeze({
+	browser: DEFAULT_STEALTH_BROWSER,
+	os: DEFAULT_STEALTH_OS,
+});
 
 const MISSING_PROXY_WARNING =
 	"[provider-sdk] Provider requested proxy routing, but no proxy URL was configured. Continuing without proxy.";
 
-const MAX_POLICY_PROXY_RETRY_ATTEMPTS = SMARTPROXY_MAX_POOL_SIZE;
 const MAX_POLICY_PROXY_POOL_REFRESHES = 1;
 const PROXY_CONNECT_FAILURE_CODE = "proxy_connect_failed";
 const PROXY_CONNECT_FAILURE_BODY_PATTERN =
@@ -59,9 +90,39 @@ const PROXY_CONNECT_FAILURE_BODY_PATTERN =
 const PROXY_AUTH_DIAGNOSTIC_URL = "http://example.com/";
 const PROXY_AUTH_DIAGNOSTIC_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
 const STEALTH_PROXY_TRANSPORT_RETRY_ERROR_CODES = [PROXY_CONNECT_FAILURE_CODE] as const;
+const MAX_STEALTH_REDIRECT_HOPS = 10;
+const REDIRECT_BODY_HEADERS = new Set([
+	"content-encoding",
+	"content-language",
+	"content-location",
+	"content-type",
+]);
+
+function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<PropertyKey, unknown> {
+	return typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
+}
+
+function sensitiveQueryParamNames(url: string): string[] {
+	const queryStart = url.indexOf("?");
+	if (queryStart === -1) return [];
+	const fragmentStart = url.indexOf("#", queryStart);
+	const query = url.slice(queryStart + 1, fragmentStart === -1 ? undefined : fragmentStart);
+	return [...new URLSearchParams(query).keys()].filter(isSensitiveKey);
+}
 
 export type StealthClientOptions = ProxyResolutionOptions & {
 	warn?: (message: string) => void;
+	/** Abort all requests issued by this client. */
+	signal?: AbortSignal;
+	/** Browser identity and declaration-wide HTTP language defaults. */
+	stealth?: StealthProfileSelection & {
+		/**
+		 * Default Accept-Language value, emitted where Chrome's network layer appends
+		 * it (after Accept-Encoding). Requests may override it through `headers`, in
+		 * which case it is placed like any other caller header.
+		 */
+		acceptLanguage?: string;
+	};
 	/**
 	 * Proxy-only stealth transport overrides. Use only for upstream proxy products
 	 * that terminate CONNECT with a private CA instead of tunneling the origin
@@ -70,225 +131,471 @@ export type StealthClientOptions = ProxyResolutionOptions & {
 	proxyStealth?: { insecureSkipVerify?: boolean };
 };
 
-const REMOVED_CHROME_PROFILE_NAMES = new Set([
-	"chrome-120",
-	"chrome-124",
-	"chrome-129",
-	"chrome-130",
-	"chrome-131",
-	"chrome-133",
-	"chrome-144",
-	"chrome-146-psk",
-	"chrome-131-psk",
-	"chrome-130-psk",
-	"edge-131",
-]);
-
-type ImpitBrowser = Browser;
-type ImpitRequestInit = RequestInit;
-
-const CHROME_IMPIT_BY_MAJOR: Record<number, ImpitBrowser> = {
-	100: "chrome100",
-	101: "chrome101",
-	104: "chrome104",
-	107: "chrome107",
-	110: "chrome110",
-	116: "chrome116",
-	124: "chrome124",
-	125: "chrome125",
-	131: "chrome131",
-	136: "chrome136",
-	142: "chrome142",
+type StealthTransportHeaders = {
+	entries(): IterableIterator<[string, string]>;
+	get(name: string): string | null;
+	getSetCookie?: () => string[];
 };
 
-const FIREFOX_IMPIT_BY_MAJOR: Record<number, ImpitBrowser> = {
-	128: "firefox128",
-	133: "firefox133",
-	135: "firefox135",
-	144: "firefox144",
+type StealthTransportBody = {
+	cancel(): Promise<void>;
+	getReader(): {
+		read(): Promise<{ done: boolean; value?: Uint8Array }>;
+		cancel(): Promise<void>;
+		releaseLock(): void;
+	};
 };
 
-type StealthTransportResponse = Pick<
-	ImpitResponse,
-	"arrayBuffer" | "headers" | "json" | "ok" | "status" | "text"
-> & {
+type StealthTransportResponse = {
+	arrayBuffer(): Promise<ArrayBuffer>;
+	headers: StealthTransportHeaders;
+	status: number;
+	body?: StealthTransportBody | null;
 	url?: string;
 	redirected?: boolean;
 };
 
-type StealthMethod = NonNullable<ImpitRequestInit["method"]>;
-type StealthRequestInit = ImpitRequestInit & {
+type StealthMethod = HttpMethod | "TRACE";
+type StealthRequestInit = WreqRequestInit & {
 	redirect?: NonNullable<StealthFetchOptions["redirect"]>;
 };
 
-function isRecord(value: unknown): value is Record<PropertyKey, unknown> {
-	return typeof value === "object" && value !== null;
-}
+type WreqSessionCacheEntry = {
+	session: Promise<WreqSession>;
+	tail: Promise<void>;
+};
+
+type WreqModule = typeof import("wreq-js");
 
-class CookieJarImpl implements CookieJar {
-	private readonly cookies: Record<string, string>;
+let wreqModulePromise: Promise<WreqModule> | undefined;
 
-	constructor(cookieStrings: string[]) {
-		this.cookies = {};
-		this.setFromCookieStrings(cookieStrings);
+function getWreqModule(): Promise<WreqModule> {
+	if (!wreqModulePromise) {
+		wreqModulePromise = import("wreq-js").catch((error: unknown) => {
+			throw new SDKError(
+				`Stealth transport is unavailable on ${process.platform}-${process.arch}: the wreq-js native binary could not be loaded.`,
+				{
+					code: "stealth_transport_unavailable",
+					cause: error instanceof Error ? error : undefined,
+				},
+			);
+		});
 	}
 
-	setFromCookieStrings(cookieStrings: readonly string[]): void {
-		for (const cookieString of cookieStrings) {
-			const [nameValue] = cookieString.split(";");
-			if (!nameValue) {
-				continue;
-			}
+	return wreqModulePromise;
+}
 
-			const separatorIndex = nameValue.indexOf("=");
-			if (separatorIndex === -1) {
-				continue;
-			}
+function parseProfileIdentifier(identifier: string): {
+	family: string;
+	version: number[];
+} | null {
+	const match =
+		/^(safari_ios|safari_ipad|firefox_android|firefox_private|chrome|edge|firefox|opera|safari|okhttp)_(\d+(?:[._]\d+)*)$/.exec(
+			identifier.toLowerCase(),
+		);
+	if (!match?.[1] || !match[2]) return null;
+	return {
+		family: match[1],
+		version: match[2].split(/[._]/).map(Number),
+	};
+}
 
-			const name = nameValue.slice(0, separatorIndex).trim();
-			const value = nameValue.slice(separatorIndex + 1).trim();
-			if (name) this.cookies[name] = value;
-		}
+function compareVersionDistance(target: number[], left: number[], right: number[]): number {
+	const width = Math.max(target.length, left.length, right.length);
+	for (let index = 0; index < width; index += 1) {
+		const targetPart = target[index] ?? 0;
+		const leftDistance = Math.abs((left[index] ?? 0) - targetPart);
+		const rightDistance = Math.abs((right[index] ?? 0) - targetPart);
+		if (leftDistance !== rightDistance) return leftDistance - rightDistance;
 	}
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	get(name: string): string | undefined {
-		return this.cookies[name];
+function closestWreqProfile(
+	identifier: string,
+	wreqProfiles: readonly BrowserProfile[],
+): BrowserProfile | undefined {
+	const requested = parseProfileIdentifier(identifier);
+	if (!requested) return undefined;
+
+	let closest: { name: BrowserProfile; version: number[] } | undefined;
+	for (const candidateName of wreqProfiles) {
+		const candidate = parseProfileIdentifier(candidateName);
+		if (!candidate || candidate.family !== requested.family) continue;
+		if (
+			!closest ||
+			compareVersionDistance(requested.version, candidate.version, closest.version) < 0
+		) {
+			closest = { name: candidateName, version: candidate.version };
+		}
 	}
+	return closest?.name;
+}
 
-	getAll(): Record<string, string> {
-		return { ...this.cookies };
-	}
+export function resolveWreqProfile(
+	selection: StealthProfileSelection,
+	wreqProfiles: readonly BrowserProfile[],
+): {
+	browser: BrowserProfile;
+	os: EmulationOS;
+} {
+	const profile = getStealthProfile(selection);
+	const identifier = profile.tlsClientIdentifier?.toLowerCase() ?? "";
+	const os = profile.os;
 
-	has(name: string): boolean {
-		return Object.hasOwn(this.cookies, name);
+	const browser = closestWreqProfile(identifier, wreqProfiles);
+	if (!browser) {
+		throw new SDKError(
+			`Stealth profile ${profile.browser}/${profile.os} cannot be mapped to a wreq-js browser profile.`,
+		);
 	}
+	return { browser, os };
+}
 
-	toString(): string {
-		return Object.entries(this.cookies)
-			.map(([name, value]) => `${name}=${value}`)
-			.join("; ");
-	}
+function resolveUrl(baseUrl: string, url: string): string {
+	return new URL(url, baseUrl).toString();
+}
 
-	toHeader(): string {
-		return this.toString();
-	}
+function headerEntriesFromHeaders(headers: StealthTransportHeaders): [string, string][] {
+	return Array.from(headers.entries());
+}
 
-	snapshot(): Record<string, string> {
-		return this.getAll();
-	}
+type HeaderTuple = [string, string];
 
-	restore(cookies: Record<string, string>): void {
-		this.clear();
-		for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(cookies)) {
-			if (name) this.cookies[name] = value;
-		}
-	}
+function normalizeHeaders(
+	headers: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>,
+): Record<string, string> {
+	return Object.fromEntries(normalizedHeaderEntries(headers));
+}
+
+function trimOuterHttpWhitespace(value: string): string {
+	return value.replace(/^[\t\n\r ]+|[\t\n\r ]+$/g, "");
+}
 
-	clear(): void {
-		for (const name of Object.keys(this.cookies)) {
-			delete this.cookies[name];
+function normalizedHeaderEntries(
+	headers: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>,
+): HeaderTuple[] {
+	const entries: HeaderTuple[] = [];
+	const indices = new Map<string, number>();
+	for (const [originalName, originalValue] of Object.entries(headers)) {
+		if (originalValue === undefined) continue;
+		const name = originalName.toLowerCase();
+		const value = (Array.isArray(originalValue) ? originalValue : [originalValue])
+			.map(trimOuterHttpWhitespace)
+			.join(", ");
+		const existingIndex = indices.get(name);
+		if (existingIndex === undefined) {
+			indices.set(name, entries.length);
+			entries.push([name, value]);
+			continue;
 		}
+		const existing = entries[existingIndex];
+		if (existing) existing[1] = `${existing[1]}, ${value}`;
 	}
+	return entries;
+}
 
-	find(predicate: (cookie: string) => boolean): string | undefined {
-		for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(this.cookies)) {
-			const cookie = `${name}=${value}`;
-			if (predicate(cookie)) {
-				return cookie;
-			}
-		}
+const SDK_OWNED_EXACT_CHROME_HEADERS = new Set([
+	"host",
+	"connection",
+	"user-agent",
+	"sec-ch-ua",
+	"sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+	"sec-ch-ua-platform",
+	"accept-encoding",
+]);
 
-		return undefined;
+// Non-pseudo-header order of real Chrome 149. The fixture captures
+// (chrome-ground-truth-capture.json, chrome-extended-capture.json,
+// h1-casing-capture.json) were taken through Playwright's `locale` option, which
+// installs Accept-Language via DevTools next to User-Agent; real Chrome only
+// receives it from //net (URLRequestHttpJob::AddExtraHeaders), after
+// Accept-Encoding and before Cookie, as al-placement-capture.json B/C show.
+const CHROME_HEADER_ORDERS = {
+	navigation: [
+		"sec-ch-ua",
+		"sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+		"sec-ch-ua-platform",
+		"upgrade-insecure-requests",
+		"user-agent",
+		"accept",
+		"sec-fetch-site",
+		"sec-fetch-mode",
+		"sec-fetch-user",
+		"sec-fetch-dest",
+		"accept-encoding",
+		"accept-language",
+		"cookie",
+		"priority",
+	],
+	// xhr has no fixed table: it is emulated by chrome149HeaderOrder.
+	post: [
+		"content-length",
+		"sec-ch-ua-platform",
+		"user-agent",
+		"sec-ch-ua",
+		"content-type",
+		"sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+		"accept",
+		"origin",
+		"sec-fetch-site",
+		"sec-fetch-mode",
+		"sec-fetch-dest",
+		"referer",
+		"accept-encoding",
+		"accept-language",
+		"cookie",
+		"priority",
+	],
+} as const;
+
+const CHROME_H1_HEADER_ORDERS = {
+	navigation: [
+		"host",
+		"connection",
+		"sec-ch-ua",
+		"sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+		"sec-ch-ua-platform",
+		"upgrade-insecure-requests",
+		"user-agent",
+		"accept",
+		"sec-fetch-site",
+		"sec-fetch-mode",
+		"sec-fetch-user",
+		"sec-fetch-dest",
+		"accept-encoding",
+		"accept-language",
+		"cookie",
+	],
+	xhr: [
+		"host",
+		"connection",
+		"sec-ch-ua-platform",
+		"cache-control",
+		"x-requested-with",
+		"user-agent",
+		"sec-ch-ua",
+		"sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+		"accept",
+		"sec-fetch-site",
+		"sec-fetch-mode",
+		"sec-fetch-dest",
+		"referer",
+		"accept-encoding",
+		"accept-language",
+		"cookie",
+	],
+	post: [
+		"host",
+		"connection",
+		"content-length",
+		"sec-ch-ua-platform",
+		"user-agent",
+		"sec-ch-ua",
+		"content-type",
+		"sec-ch-ua-mobile",
+		"accept",
+		"origin",
+		"sec-fetch-site",
+		"sec-fetch-mode",
+		"sec-fetch-dest",
+		"referer",
+		"accept-encoding",
+		"accept-language",
+		"cookie",
+	],
+} as const;
+
+const CHROME_H1_HEADER_NAMES: Record<string, string> = {
+	host: "Host",
+	connection: "Connection",
+	"upgrade-insecure-requests": "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests",
+	"user-agent": "User-Agent",
+	"accept-language": "Accept-Language",
+	accept: "Accept",
+	"sec-fetch-site": "Sec-Fetch-Site",
+	"sec-fetch-mode": "Sec-Fetch-Mode",
+	"sec-fetch-user": "Sec-Fetch-User",
+	"sec-fetch-dest": "Sec-Fetch-Dest",
+	"accept-encoding": "Accept-Encoding",
+	cookie: "Cookie",
+	"cache-control": "Cache-Control",
+	"x-requested-with": "X-Requested-With",
+	referer: "Referer",
+	"content-length": "Content-Length",
+	"content-type": "Content-Type",
+	origin: "Origin",
+	range: "Range",
+};
+
+type ChromeRequestClass = keyof typeof CHROME_HEADER_ORDERS | "xhr";
+
+function chromeHeaderOrder(
+	requestClass: ChromeRequestClass,
+	isHttp1: boolean,
+	caller: ReadonlyMap<string, string>,
+): readonly string[] {
+	if (isHttp1) return CHROME_H1_HEADER_ORDERS[requestClass];
+	if (requestClass !== "xhr") return CHROME_HEADER_ORDERS[requestClass];
+	// Cookie and Referer are forbidden Fetch headers, so they never enter the page
+	// Fetch Headers map the emulator models. Range does occupy a map bucket
+	// (m1-capture.json range_*), but HttpCache::Transaction removes it from the
+	// request headers and PartialData re-adds it at the tail.
+	const order = chrome149HeaderOrder(
+		[...caller.keys()].filter((name) => name !== "cookie" && name !== "referer"),
+	);
+	if (caller.has("range")) order.splice(order.indexOf("range"), 1);
+	// //net appends Accept-Encoding and, unless the caller supplied one,
+	// Accept-Language (URLRequestHttpJob::AddExtraHeaders), then writes the Cookie
+	// header (SetCookieHeaderAndStart); the HTTP cache re-adds a caller Range after
+	// that, and the HTTP/2 Priority header stays last.
+	let insertAt = order.indexOf("accept-encoding") + 1;
+	if (order[insertAt] === "accept-language") insertAt += 1;
+	for (const name of ["cookie", "range"] as const) {
+		if (!caller.has(name)) continue;
+		order.splice(insertAt, 0, name);
+		insertAt += 1;
 	}
+	return order;
 }
 
-function closestImpitBrowser(
-	major: number,
-	candidates: Record<number, ImpitBrowser>,
-): ImpitBrowser {
-	let closestMajor: number | undefined;
-	let closestBrowser: ImpitBrowser | undefined;
-	for (const [candidateMajorText, browser] of Object.entries(candidates)) {
-		const candidateMajor = Number(candidateMajorText);
-		if (
-			closestMajor === undefined ||
-			Math.abs(candidateMajor - major) < Math.abs(closestMajor - major)
-		) {
-			closestMajor = candidateMajor;
-			closestBrowser = browser;
+function normalizedCallerHeaderEntries(
+	headers: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>,
+): HeaderTuple[] {
+	const entries = normalizedHeaderEntries(headers);
+	assertCallerHeadersSupported(entries);
+	return entries;
+}
+
+function normalizedCallerHeaderEntriesFromRecord(headers: Record<string, string>): HeaderTuple[] {
+	// The record has been through normalizeHeaders (lowercase, merged names); the
+	// lowercase here only guards later insertions such as the cookie jar's header.
+	const entries: HeaderTuple[] = Object.entries(headers).map(([name, value]) => [
+		name.toLowerCase(),
+		value,
+	]);
+	assertCallerHeadersSupported(entries);
+	return entries;
+}
+
+function assertCallerHeadersSupported(entries: readonly HeaderTuple[]): void {
+	for (const [name] of entries) {
+		if (SDK_OWNED_EXACT_CHROME_HEADERS.has(name) || name.startsWith("sec-fetch-")) {
+			throw new SDKError(`Stealth transport owns the "${name}" header; remove it from headers.`, {
+				code: "STEALTH_HEADER_OVERRIDE_UNSUPPORTED",
+			});
 		}
 	}
-	return closestBrowser ?? "chrome142";
 }
 
-function resolveImpitBrowser(profileName: string): ImpitBrowser {
-	if (REMOVED_CHROME_PROFILE_NAMES.has(profileName)) {
-		throw new SDKError(`Unknown stealth profile: ${profileName}`);
-	}
+function chromeRequestClass(
+	method: StealthMethod,
+	requestedClass?: ChromeRequestClass,
+): ChromeRequestClass {
+	if (requestedClass) return requestedClass;
+	if (method === "POST") return "post";
+	return "navigation";
+}
 
-	let profile: ReturnType<typeof getStealthProfile>;
+function secFetchSite(requestUrl: string, referer: string | undefined): string {
+	if (!referer) return "none";
 	try {
-		profile = getStealthProfile(profileName);
+		return new URL(referer).origin === new URL(requestUrl).origin ? "same-origin" : "cross-site";
 	} catch {
-		// Preserve the previous ctx.stealth.fetch() compatibility behavior: unknown
-		// profile strings still run with the transport default instead of failing
-		// before the request starts. Removed built-in profile aliases above remain
-		// explicit errors so callers do not accidentally pin retired fingerprints.
-		return "chrome142";
+		return "cross-site";
 	}
+}
 
-	const identifier = profile.tlsClientIdentifier?.toLowerCase() ?? "";
-	const chromeMatch = /^(?:chrome|edge)_(\d+)/.exec(identifier);
-	if (chromeMatch?.[1]) {
-		return closestImpitBrowser(Number(chromeMatch[1]), CHROME_IMPIT_BY_MAJOR);
+function requiredEmulationHeader(headers: ReadonlyMap<string, string>, name: string): string {
+	const value = headers.get(name);
+	if (value !== undefined) return value;
+	throw new SDKError(`wreq-js Chrome emulation exposes no ${name} header.`, {
+		code: "STEALTH_PROFILE_UNAVAILABLE",
+	});
+}
+
+function buildChromeHeaderTuples(options: {
+	emulationHeaders: Iterable<[string, string]>;
+	method: StealthMethod;
+	body?: string;
+	headers: Record<string, string>;
+	requestUrl: string;
+	acceptLanguage?: string;
+	requestClass?: ChromeRequestClass;
+}): HeaderTuple[] {
+	const callerEntries = normalizedCallerHeaderEntriesFromRecord(options.headers);
+	const caller = new Map(callerEntries);
+	const emulation = new Map(
+		Array.from(
+			options.emulationHeaders,
+			([name, value]) => [name.toLowerCase(), value] as HeaderTuple,
+		),
+	);
+	const requestClass = chromeRequestClass(options.method, options.requestClass);
+	const referer = caller.get("referer");
+	const fetchSite = secFetchSite(options.requestUrl, referer);
+	const isNavigation = requestClass === "navigation";
+	const values = new Map<string, string>([
+		["sec-ch-ua", requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "sec-ch-ua")],
+		["sec-ch-ua-mobile", requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "sec-ch-ua-mobile")],
+		["sec-ch-ua-platform", requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "sec-ch-ua-platform")],
+		["user-agent", requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "user-agent")],
+		[
+			"accept-language",
+			caller.get("accept-language") ??
+				options.acceptLanguage ??
+				requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "accept-language"),
+		],
+		["accept", isNavigation ? requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "accept") : "*/*"],
+		[
+			"accept-encoding",
+			caller.has("range") ? "identity" : requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "accept-encoding"),
+		],
+		["priority", isNavigation ? requiredEmulationHeader(emulation, "priority") : "u=1, i"],
+		["sec-fetch-site", fetchSite],
+		["sec-fetch-mode", isNavigation ? "navigate" : "cors"],
+		["sec-fetch-dest", isNavigation ? "document" : "empty"],
+	]);
+	if (isNavigation) {
+		values.set("upgrade-insecure-requests", "1");
+		values.set("sec-fetch-user", "?1");
 	}
-	const firefoxMatch = /^firefox_(\d+)/.exec(identifier);
-	if (firefoxMatch?.[1]) {
-		return closestImpitBrowser(Number(firefoxMatch[1]), FIREFOX_IMPIT_BY_MAJOR);
+	for (const [name, value] of callerEntries) values.set(name, value);
+	for (const name of ["content-type", "origin", "referer"] as const) {
+		const value = caller.get(name);
+		if (value !== undefined) values.set(name, value);
 	}
-	if (identifier.startsWith("safari_")) {
-		throw new SDKError(
-			`Stealth profile "${profileName}" uses a Safari stealth fingerprint, but TypeScript ctx.stealth uses impit which currently supports Chrome, Firefox, and OkHttp profiles only. Use a Chrome/Firefox stealth profile for ctx.stealth or ctx.browser for Safari-specific behavior.`,
+	if (requestClass === "post") {
+		values.set(
+			"content-length",
+			caller.get("content-length") ?? String(Buffer.byteLength(options.body ?? "")),
 		);
 	}
-	throw new SDKError(
-		`Stealth profile "${profileName}" cannot be mapped to an impit browser profile.`,
-	);
-}
-
-function resolveUrl(baseUrl: string, url: string): string {
-	return new URL(url, baseUrl).toString();
-}
 
-function headerEntriesFromHeaders(headers: Headers): [string, string][] {
-	return Array.from(headers.entries());
-}
-
-function normalizeHeaders(
-	headers: Record<string, string | string[] | undefined>,
-): Record<string, string> {
-	const normalized: Record<string, string> = {};
-	for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
+	const isHttp1 = new URL(options.requestUrl).protocol === "http:";
+	if (isHttp1) {
+		values.set("host", new URL(options.requestUrl).host);
+		values.set("connection", "keep-alive");
+	}
+	const order = chromeHeaderOrder(requestClass, isHttp1, caller);
+	const tuples: HeaderTuple[] = [];
+	const placed = new Set<string>();
+	for (const name of order) {
+		const value = values.get(name);
 		if (value === undefined) continue;
-		normalized[name] = Array.isArray(value) ? value.join(", ") : value;
+		tuples.push([isHttp1 ? (CHROME_H1_HEADER_NAMES[name] ?? name) : name, value]);
+		placed.add(name);
+	}
+	for (const [name, value] of callerEntries) {
+		if (placed.has(name)) continue;
+		tuples.push([isHttp1 ? (CHROME_H1_HEADER_NAMES[name] ?? name) : name, value]);
 	}
-	return normalized;
+	return tuples;
 }
 
 function hasOwn(object: object, key: string): boolean {
 	return Object.hasOwn(object, key);
 }
-function toImpitCookieJar(cookieJar: CookieJarImpl): NonNullable<ImpitOptions["cookieJar"]> {
-	return {
-		setCookie(cookie: string, _url: string, cb?: (error?: unknown) => void) {
-			cookieJar.setFromCookieStrings([cookie]);
-			if (typeof cb === "function") cb();
-		},
-		getCookieString(_url: string) {
-			return cookieJar.toString();
-		},
-	};
-}
 
 function assertNoUnsupportedFingerprintOverrides(options: unknown): void {
 	if (!isRecord(options)) return;
@@ -300,17 +607,19 @@ function assertNoUnsupportedFingerprintOverrides(options: unknown): void {
 	if (unsupported.length === 0) return;
 
 	throw new SDKError(
-		`ctx.stealth.fetch uses impit-managed browser fingerprints and no longer accepts low-level stealth overrides: ${unsupported.join(", ")}. Use the profile option instead.`,
+		`ctx.stealth.fetch uses transport-managed browser fingerprints and no longer accepts low-level stealth overrides: ${unsupported.join(", ")}. Use stealth.browser and stealth.os instead.`,
 	);
 }
 
-function responseHeadersToRecord(headers: Headers): Record<string, string | string[] | undefined> {
+function responseHeadersToRecord(
+	headers: StealthTransportHeaders,
+): Record<string, string | string[] | undefined> {
 	const record: Record<string, string> = {};
 	for (const [name, value] of headers.entries()) record[name] = value;
 	return record;
 }
 
-function setCookieHeadersFromResponse(headers: Headers): string[] {
+function setCookieHeadersFromResponse(headers: StealthTransportHeaders): string[] {
 	const getSetCookie = headers.getSetCookie;
 	if (typeof getSetCookie === "function") return getSetCookie.call(headers);
 	const setCookie = headers.get("set-cookie");
@@ -337,10 +646,26 @@ function splitCombinedSetCookieHeader(headerValue: string): string[] {
 export async function normalizeResponse(
 	response: StealthTransportResponse,
 	requestUrl?: string,
+	maxBodyBytes?: number,
+): Promise<StealthResponse> {
+	return normalizeResponseWithSignal(response, requestUrl, maxBodyBytes);
+}
+
+async function normalizeResponseWithSignal(
+	response: StealthTransportResponse,
+	requestUrl?: string,
+	maxBodyBytes?: number,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
 ): Promise<StealthResponse> {
 	const headers = Object.fromEntries(response.headers.entries());
-	const cookies = new CookieJarImpl(setCookieHeadersFromResponse(response.headers));
-	const bodyBytes = await response.arrayBuffer();
+	const cookies = new StealthCookieJar(
+		setCookieHeadersFromResponse(response.headers),
+		response.url ?? requestUrl,
+	);
+	const bodyBytes =
+		maxBodyBytes === undefined
+			? await readResponseArrayBuffer(response, signal)
+			: await readResponseBodyWithLimit(response, maxBodyBytes, signal);
 	const body = new TextDecoder().decode(bodyBytes);
 
 	return {
@@ -368,6 +693,144 @@ export async function normalizeResponse(
 	};
 }
 
+async function readResponseArrayBuffer(
+	response: StealthTransportResponse,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
+	if (!signal) return response.arrayBuffer();
+	throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+		let settled = false;
+		const settle = (operation: () => void) => {
+			if (settled) return;
+			settled = true;
+			signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+			operation();
+		};
+		const onAbort = () => {
+			const error = toAmbientCancellationError(signal);
+			try {
+				void response.body?.cancel().catch(() => undefined);
+			} catch {
+				// Preserve the cancellation error if accessing or cancelling the body fails.
+			}
+			settle(() => reject(error));
+		};
+		signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+		try {
+			void response.arrayBuffer().then(
+				(body) => settle(() => resolve(body)),
+				(error) => settle(() => reject(error)),
+			);
+		} catch (error) {
+			settle(() => reject(error));
+		}
+		if (signal.aborted) onAbort();
+	});
+}
+
+function responseTooLargeError(maxBodyBytes: number, observedBytes: number): TransportError {
+	return new TransportError(
+		`Response body exceeded maxBodyBytes limit of ${maxBodyBytes} bytes (observed ${observedBytes} bytes)`,
+		{
+			code: "response_too_large",
+			category: "upstream_http",
+			retryable: false,
+			status: 0,
+		},
+	);
+}
+
+function declaredContentLength(headers: StealthTransportHeaders): number | undefined {
+	const contentLength = headers.get("content-length")?.trim();
+	if (!contentLength || !/^\d+$/.test(contentLength)) return undefined;
+	const parsed = Number(contentLength);
+	return Number.isFinite(parsed) ? parsed : undefined;
+}
+
+async function readResponseBodyWithLimit(
+	response: StealthTransportResponse,
+	maxBodyBytes: number,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
+	throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+	const contentLength = declaredContentLength(response.headers);
+	if (contentLength !== undefined && contentLength > maxBodyBytes) {
+		await response.body?.cancel().catch(() => undefined);
+		throw responseTooLargeError(maxBodyBytes, contentLength);
+	}
+
+	if (!response.body) {
+		throw new TransportError("Response body stream is unavailable", {
+			code: "transport_stream_unavailable",
+			category: "upstream_http",
+			status: 0,
+		});
+	}
+
+	const reader = response.body.getReader();
+	const chunks: Uint8Array[] = [];
+	let receivedBytes = 0;
+	try {
+		while (true) {
+			const { done, value } = await readResponseBodyChunk(reader, signal);
+			if (done) break;
+			if (!value) continue;
+			receivedBytes += value.byteLength;
+			if (receivedBytes > maxBodyBytes) {
+				await reader.cancel().catch(() => undefined);
+				throw responseTooLargeError(maxBodyBytes, receivedBytes);
+			}
+			chunks.push(value);
+		}
+	} finally {
+		reader.releaseLock();
+	}
+
+	return concatenateResponseBodyChunks(chunks, receivedBytes);
+}
+
+function concatenateResponseBodyChunks(
+	chunks: readonly Uint8Array[],
+	receivedBytes: number,
+): ArrayBuffer {
+	const bodyBytes = new Uint8Array(receivedBytes);
+	let offset = 0;
+	for (const chunk of chunks) {
+		bodyBytes.set(chunk, offset);
+		offset += chunk.byteLength;
+	}
+	return bodyBytes.buffer;
+}
+
+function readResponseBodyChunk(
+	reader: ReturnType<StealthTransportBody["getReader"]>,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+): Promise<{ done: boolean; value?: Uint8Array }> {
+	if (!signal) return reader.read();
+	throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+		let settled = false;
+		const settle = (operation: () => void) => {
+			if (settled) return;
+			settled = true;
+			signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+			operation();
+		};
+		const onAbort = () => {
+			const error = toAmbientCancellationError(signal);
+			void reader.cancel().catch(() => undefined);
+			settle(() => reject(error));
+		};
+		signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+		void reader.read().then(
+			(chunk) => settle(() => resolve(chunk)),
+			(error) => settle(() => reject(error)),
+		);
+		if (signal.aborted) onAbort();
+	});
+}
+
 function normalizeBody(body: StealthFetchOptions["body"]): string {
 	if (body === undefined) {
 		return "";
@@ -426,6 +889,7 @@ type ResolvedAttemptProxy = {
 	url?: string;
 	poolIndex?: number;
 	proxyHash?: string;
+	vendor?: ProxyVendorName;
 };
 
 function proxyPoolIndexFromDiagnostics(
@@ -532,8 +996,41 @@ function normalizeStealthTransportError(error: unknown): TransportError {
 	});
 }
 
-function sleep(ms: number): Promise<void> {
-	return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+function toAmbientCancellationError(
+	signal: AbortSignal,
+	error: unknown = signal.reason,
+): TransportError {
+	if (error instanceof TransportError && error.code === "transport_cancelled") {
+		return error;
+	}
+	return new TransportError("Request cancelled", {
+		code: "transport_cancelled",
+		status: 0,
+		retryable: false,
+		...(error !== undefined
+			? { cause: error instanceof Error ? error : new Error(String(error)) }
+			: {}),
+	});
+}
+
+function throwIfAmbientAborted(signal: AbortSignal | undefined): void {
+	if (signal?.aborted) throw toAmbientCancellationError(signal);
+}
+
+function sleep(ms: number, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<void> {
+	if (!signal) return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
+	throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+	return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+		const onAbort = () => {
+			clearTimeout(timer);
+			reject(toAmbientCancellationError(signal));
+		};
+		const timer = setTimeout(() => {
+			signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+			resolve();
+		}, ms);
+		signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+	});
 }
 
 function normalizeMethod(method: HttpMethod | string): StealthMethod {
@@ -559,16 +1056,6 @@ function normalizeMethod(method: HttpMethod | string): StealthMethod {
 	}
 }
 
-function isRedirectStatus(status: number): boolean {
-	return [301, 302, 303, 307, 308].includes(status);
-}
-
-function nextRedirectMethod(status: number, method: StealthMethod): StealthMethod {
-	if (status === 303 && method !== "HEAD") return "GET";
-	if ((status === 301 || status === 302) && method === "POST") return "GET";
-	return method;
-}
-
 function locationHeader(headers: Record<string, string>): string | undefined {
 	for (const [name, value] of Object.entries(headers)) {
 		if (name.toLowerCase() === "location") return value;
@@ -576,56 +1063,260 @@ function locationHeader(headers: Record<string, string>): string | undefined {
 	return undefined;
 }
 
+function withoutRedirectBodyHeaders(headers: Record<string, string>): Record<string, string> {
+	return Object.fromEntries(
+		Object.entries(headers).filter(([name]) => !REDIRECT_BODY_HEADERS.has(name.toLowerCase())),
+	);
+}
+
+function assertStealthRedirectUrl(url: string): void {
+	const protocol = new URL(url).protocol;
+	if (protocol !== "http:" && protocol !== "https:") {
+		throw new TransportError(`Stealth redirect target scheme "${protocol}" is not allowed`, {
+			code: "transport_invalid_url",
+			status: 0,
+		});
+	}
+}
+
+function discardStealthRedirectBody(response: StealthTransportResponse): void {
+	try {
+		const cancellation = response.body?.cancel();
+		if (cancellation) void cancellation.catch(() => undefined);
+	} catch {
+		// Redirect handling is decided from status and headers. A cancellation
+		// failure must not replace or delay that decision.
+	}
+}
+
+async function fetchStealthRedirectChain(
+	transport: WreqSession,
+	cookieJar: StealthCookieJar,
+	requestUrl: string,
+	method: StealthMethod,
+	options: StealthFetchOptions,
+	signal?: AbortSignal,
+	buildHeaders?: (
+		url: string,
+		method: StealthMethod,
+		body: string | undefined,
+		headers: Record<string, string>,
+	) => HeaderTuple[],
+): Promise<{ normalized: StealthResponse; response: StealthTransportResponse }> {
+	let currentUrl = requestUrl;
+	let currentMethod = method;
+	let currentBody = options.body === undefined ? undefined : normalizeBody(options.body);
+	let currentHeaders = normalizeHeaders({ ...(options.headers ?? {}) });
+	let followedHops = 0;
+	let response: StealthTransportResponse;
+	const deadline = options.timeout ? performance.now() + options.timeout : undefined;
+
+	while (true) {
+		throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+		const headers = { ...currentHeaders };
+		if (!hasHeader(headers, "cookie")) {
+			const cookieHeader = cookieJar.toHeader(currentUrl);
+			if (cookieHeader) headers.cookie = cookieHeader;
+		}
+		const requestInit: StealthRequestInit = {
+			headers: buildHeaders
+				? buildHeaders(currentUrl, currentMethod, currentBody, headers)
+				: headers,
+			method: currentMethod,
+			redirect: "manual",
+			...(new URL(currentUrl).protocol === "http:" ? { disableDefaultHeaders: true } : {}),
+			...(signal ? { signal } : {}),
+		};
+		if (currentBody !== undefined) requestInit.body = currentBody;
+
+		await transport.clearCookies();
+		throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+		const remainingTimeout =
+			deadline === undefined ? undefined : Math.ceil(deadline - performance.now());
+		if (remainingTimeout !== undefined && remainingTimeout <= 0) {
+			throw new TransportError("Request timed out", {
+				code: "transport_timeout",
+				status: 0,
+			});
+		}
+		if (remainingTimeout !== undefined) requestInit.timeout = remainingTimeout;
+		response = await transport.fetch(currentUrl, requestInit);
+		if (signal?.aborted) {
+			discardStealthRedirectBody(response);
+			throw toAmbientCancellationError(signal);
+		}
+		cookieJar.setFromCookieStrings(
+			setCookieHeadersFromResponse(response.headers),
+			response.url ?? currentUrl,
+		);
+
+		if (!isRedirectStatus(response.status) || options.redirect === "manual") break;
+		if (options.redirect === "error") {
+			discardStealthRedirectBody(response);
+			throw new TransportError("Stealth request encountered a redirect", {
+				code: "transport_network_error",
+				status: 0,
+			});
+		}
+
+		const nextUrl = resolveRedirectUrl(
+			response.headers.get("location") ?? undefined,
+			response.url ?? currentUrl,
+		);
+		if (!nextUrl) break;
+		if (followedHops >= MAX_STEALTH_REDIRECT_HOPS) {
+			discardStealthRedirectBody(response);
+			throw new TransportError(
+				`Stealth request exceeded the ${MAX_STEALTH_REDIRECT_HOPS}-redirect limit`,
+				{ code: "transport_network_error", status: 0 },
+			);
+		}
+		assertStealthRedirectUrl(nextUrl);
+		discardStealthRedirectBody(response);
+		const nextMethod = nextRedirectMethod(response.status, currentMethod);
+		if (nextMethod !== currentMethod) {
+			currentBody = undefined;
+			currentHeaders = withoutRedirectBodyHeaders(currentHeaders);
+		}
+		currentMethod = nextMethod;
+		currentUrl = nextUrl;
+		followedHops += 1;
+	}
+
+	const normalized = await normalizeResponseWithSignal(
+		response,
+		currentUrl,
+		options.maxBodyBytes,
+		signal,
+	);
+	if (followedHops > 0) normalized.redirected = true;
+	return { normalized, response };
+}
+
 function createSessionFetcher(
 	baseUrl: string,
-	defaultProfile: string,
+	defaultProfile: StealthProfileDescriptor,
 	clientOptions: StealthClientOptions,
 ): StealthSession {
-	const clients = new Map<string, Impit>();
+	const clients = new Map<string, WreqSessionCacheEntry>();
 	let closed = false;
 	let hasWarnedMissingProxy = false;
 	const warn = clientOptions.warn ?? console.warn;
-	const cookieJar = new CookieJarImpl([]);
-	const impitCookieJar = toImpitCookieJar(cookieJar);
+	const cookieJar = new StealthCookieJar([], baseUrl);
 
-	function getClient(
-		profileName: string,
+	async function getClientEntry(
+		profile: StealthProfileDescriptor,
 		proxyUrl: string | undefined,
 		ignoreTlsErrors: boolean,
-	): Impit {
+		defaultHeaders?: HeaderTuple[],
+	): Promise<WreqSessionCacheEntry> {
 		if (closed) {
 			throw new TransportError("Stealth session is closed", { status: 0 });
 		}
-		const browser = resolveImpitBrowser(profileName);
-		const cacheKey = JSON.stringify({ browser, proxyUrl, ignoreTlsErrors });
-		let client = clients.get(cacheKey);
-		if (!client) {
-			client = new Impit({
-				browser,
-				cookieJar: impitCookieJar,
-				...(proxyUrl ? { proxyUrl } : {}),
-				...(ignoreTlsErrors ? { ignoreTlsErrors: true } : {}),
-				timeout: 30_000,
-			});
-			clients.set(cacheKey, client);
+		const wreq = await getWreqModule();
+		const { browser, os } = resolveWreqProfile(profile, wreq.getProfiles());
+		const cacheKey = JSON.stringify({
+			browser,
+			os,
+			proxyUrl,
+			ignoreTlsErrors,
+			headerOrder: defaultHeaders?.map(([name]) => name),
+		});
+		let entry = clients.get(cacheKey);
+		if (!entry) {
+			entry = {
+				session: wreq.createSession({
+					browser,
+					os,
+					...(defaultHeaders ? { defaultHeaders } : {}),
+					...(proxyUrl ? { proxy: proxyUrl } : {}),
+					...(ignoreTlsErrors ? { insecure: true } : {}),
+					timeout: 30_000,
+				}),
+				tail: Promise.resolve(),
+			};
+			clients.set(cacheKey, entry);
+		}
+		return entry;
+	}
+
+	async function withClient<T>(
+		profile: StealthProfileDescriptor,
+		proxyUrl: string | undefined,
+		ignoreTlsErrors: boolean,
+		operation: (client: WreqSession) => Promise<T>,
+		signal?: AbortSignal,
+		defaultHeaders?: HeaderTuple[],
+	): Promise<T> {
+		throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+		const entry = await getClientEntry(profile, proxyUrl, ignoreTlsErrors, defaultHeaders);
+		throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+		const previous = entry.tail;
+		let release!: () => void;
+		entry.tail = new Promise<void>((resolve) => {
+			release = resolve;
+		});
+		let acquired = false;
+		try {
+			await waitForClientTurn(previous, signal);
+			acquired = true;
+			throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+			const client = await entry.session;
+			throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+			const result = await operation(client);
+			throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+			return result;
+		} finally {
+			if (acquired) {
+				release();
+			} else {
+				void previous.then(release, release);
+			}
 		}
-		return client;
+	}
+
+	async function waitForClientTurn(previous: Promise<void>, signal?: AbortSignal): Promise<void> {
+		if (!signal) {
+			await previous;
+			return;
+		}
+		throwIfAmbientAborted(signal);
+		await new Promise<void>((resolve, reject) => {
+			let settled = false;
+			const settle = (operation: () => void) => {
+				if (settled) return;
+				settled = true;
+				signal.removeEventListener("abort", onAbort);
+				operation();
+			};
+			const onAbort = () => settle(() => reject(toAmbientCancellationError(signal)));
+			signal.addEventListener("abort", onAbort, { once: true });
+			void previous.then(
+				() => settle(resolve),
+				(error) => settle(() => reject(error)),
+			);
+			if (signal.aborted) onAbort();
+		});
 	}
 
 	async function resolveRequestProxy(
 		options?: StealthFetchOptions,
 		proxyAttempt?: number,
+		refreshEpoch?: number,
 	): Promise<ResolvedAttemptProxy> {
 		const resolvedProxy = await resolveProxyConfigAsync({
 			proxy: options?.proxy ?? clientOptions.proxy,
 			upstream: clientOptions.upstream,
-			apifuseConfig: clientOptions.apifuseConfig,
 			affinityKey: clientOptions.affinityKey,
 			proxyAttempt: computeProxyAttemptIndex({
 				baseProxyAttempt: clientOptions.proxyAttempt,
 				proxyAttemptOffset: options?.proxyAttemptOffset,
 				retryAttemptOffset: proxyAttempt,
 			}),
+			// The stealth transport tunnels both HTTP CONNECT and SOCKS5,
+			// preserving the client TLS fingerprint end-to-end.
+			transportProtocols: ["http", "socks5"],
+			...(refreshEpoch === undefined ? {} : { proxyRefreshEpoch: refreshEpoch }),
 			telemetry: clientOptions.telemetry,
 		});
 
@@ -638,42 +1329,66 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 			url: resolvedProxy.url,
 			poolIndex: proxyPoolIndexFromDiagnostics(resolvedProxy.diagnostics),
 			proxyHash: proxyEndpointHash(resolvedProxy.url),
+			vendor: vendorFromResolvedSource(resolvedProxy.source),
 		};
 	}
 
 	const session: StealthSession = {
 		async fetch(url, options: StealthFetchOptions = {}) {
-			const method = normalizeMethod(options.method ?? "GET");
-			const hasExplicitRetryPolicy = options.retry !== undefined;
-			const stealthRetryOptions =
-				normalizeProxyTransportRetryOptions(options.retry, {
-					extraErrorCodes: STEALTH_PROXY_TRANSPORT_RETRY_ERROR_CODES,
-					label: "Stealth",
-				}) ??
-				(hasExplicitRetryPolicy
-					? undefined
-					: createDefaultProxyTransportRetryOptions({
+			const requestProfile = resolveStealthProfileSelection(options.stealth, defaultProfile);
+			const { hasExplicitRetryPolicy, method, stealthRetryOptions } = (() => {
+				try {
+					const method = normalizeMethod(options.method ?? "GET");
+					normalizedCallerHeaderEntries(options.headers ?? {});
+					const hasExplicitRetryPolicy = options.retry !== undefined;
+					const stealthRetryOptions =
+						normalizeProxyTransportRetryOptions(options.retry, {
 							extraErrorCodes: STEALTH_PROXY_TRANSPORT_RETRY_ERROR_CODES,
 							label: "Stealth",
-						}));
-			if (stealthRetryOptions) {
-				validateUnsafeProxyTransportRetryMethods(stealthRetryOptions, "Stealth");
-			}
+						}) ??
+						(hasExplicitRetryPolicy
+							? undefined
+							: createDefaultProxyTransportRetryOptions({
+									extraErrorCodes: STEALTH_PROXY_TRANSPORT_RETRY_ERROR_CODES,
+									label: "Stealth",
+								}));
+					if (stealthRetryOptions) {
+						validateUnsafeProxyTransportRetryMethods(stealthRetryOptions, "Stealth");
+					}
+					return { hasExplicitRetryPolicy, method, stealthRetryOptions };
+				} catch (error) {
+					throw redactSensitiveRequestError(error, url, options.sensitiveParams);
+				}
+			})();
+			throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 			const hasPolicyProxy = isPolicyManagedProxy(clientOptions);
 			const usesPolicyAllocator = hasPolicyProxy && !options.proxy && !clientOptions.proxy;
 			const retryAttemptCap = Math.max(1, stealthRetryOptions?.attempts ?? 1);
+			// Span the whole vendor chain: successive attempts rotate one vendor's
+			// pool, then fail over to the next vendor via the flat attempt index.
+			const policyProxy =
+				clientOptions.proxyPolicy ??
+				(typeof clientOptions.upstream?.proxy === "object"
+					? clientOptions.upstream.proxy
+					: undefined);
+			// The pool span is already bounded by each vendor's max pool size
+			// (smartproxy ≤20, nodemaven ≤50), so the configured span never exceeds
+			// the chain's true maximum — a large NodeMaven pool stays fully
+			// reachable rather than being truncated at an arbitrary ceiling.
 			const policyProxyAttemptCap = Math.max(
 				1,
-				Math.min(
-					MAX_POLICY_PROXY_RETRY_ATTEMPTS,
-					clientOptions.proxyPolicy?.session?.poolSize ??
-						(typeof clientOptions.upstream?.proxy === "object"
-							? clientOptions.upstream.proxy.session?.poolSize
-							: undefined) ??
-						DEFAULT_SMARTPROXY_POOL_SIZE,
-				),
+				policyProxy ? resolvePolicyProxyPoolSpan(policyProxy) : DEFAULT_SMARTPROXY_POOL_SIZE,
 			);
-			const maxAttempts = usesPolicyAllocator ? policyProxyAttemptCap : retryAttemptCap;
+			// A registry vendor chain (smartproxy/nodemaven) is the only policy whose
+			// successive attempts resolve a *different* endpoint, so it is the only one
+			// that may widen the attempt cap to the pool span, de-duplicate endpoints,
+			// and drive allocator stale-pool refresh. Deprecated custom/decodo policies
+			// have no managed endpoint to rotate or refresh, so they follow the ordinary
+			// transport-retry budget instead.
+			const rotatesRegistryChain =
+				usesPolicyAllocator && policyResolvesRegistryVendorChain(policyProxy);
+			const maxAttempts = rotatesRegistryChain ? policyProxyAttemptCap : retryAttemptCap;
+			const dedupeAllocatorEndpoints = rotatesRegistryChain;
 			let lastError: unknown;
 
 			for (
@@ -686,8 +1401,14 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 				const attemptedProxies = new Set<string>();
 
 				for (let attempt = 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt += 1) {
+					throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 					let proxy: string | undefined;
 					let attemptProxy: ResolvedAttemptProxy | undefined;
+					// Reuse the exact serialization used by this outbound attempt in its catch path.
+					let serializedUrl: ReturnType<typeof serializeRequestUrl> | undefined;
+					let fallbackSensitiveValues: readonly string[] = [];
+					let fallbackRequestUrl: string | undefined;
+					let fallbackRedactedUrl: string | undefined;
 					const attemptStartedAt = Date.now();
 					let attemptRecorded = false;
 					const recordProxyAttempt = (
@@ -698,7 +1419,7 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 						if (attemptRecorded || !proxy) return;
 						attemptRecorded = true;
 						clientOptions.telemetry?.recordProxyAttempt?.({
-							provider: "smartproxy",
+							provider: attemptProxy?.vendor ?? "smartproxy",
 							attempt: attempt + 1,
 							...(attemptProxy?.poolIndex === undefined
 								? {}
@@ -711,12 +1432,29 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 						});
 					};
 					try {
+						throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
+						const sensitiveParams = normalizeSensitiveParams(options.sensitiveParams);
+						const structural = redactUrlQueryParams(url, Object.keys(sensitiveParams ?? {}));
+						fallbackSensitiveValues = [
+							...new Set([
+								...Object.values(sensitiveParams ?? {}).map(String),
+								...structural.sensitiveValues,
+							]),
+						].filter((value) => value !== "");
+						fallbackRequestUrl = url;
+						fallbackRedactedUrl = structural.redactedUrl;
 						assertNoUnsupportedFingerprintOverrides(options);
-						attemptProxy = await resolveRequestProxy(options, attempt);
+						attemptProxy = await resolveRequestProxy(options, attempt, refreshAttempt);
+						throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 						proxy = attemptProxy.url;
-						if (proxy && usesPolicyAllocator) {
+						if (proxy && dedupeAllocatorEndpoints) {
+							// An under-filled allocation repeats endpoints (via the modulo
+							// pool mapping) before the flat offset crosses into the next
+							// vendor. Skip an already-tried endpoint and advance the offset
+							// rather than breaking — breaking here would strand the request on
+							// the primary vendor and never reach the fallback leg.
 							if (attemptedProxies.has(proxy)) {
-								break;
+								continue;
 							}
 							attemptedProxies.add(proxy);
 						}
@@ -724,28 +1462,65 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 							options.stealth?.insecureSkipVerify ??
 								(!hasPolicyProxy && proxy && clientOptions.proxyStealth?.insecureSkipVerify),
 						);
-						const profileName = options.profile ?? defaultProfile;
-						const requestUrl = appendQueryParams(resolveUrl(baseUrl, url), options.params);
-						const headers = { ...(options.headers ?? {}) };
-						if (!hasHeader(headers, "Cookie")) {
-							const cookieHeader = cookieJar.toString();
-							if (cookieHeader) headers.Cookie = cookieHeader;
-						}
-						const requestInit: StealthRequestInit = {
-							headers: normalizeHeaders(headers),
-							method,
-							...(options.redirect ? { redirect: options.redirect } : {}),
-							...(options.timeout ? { timeout: options.timeout } : {}),
-						};
-						if (options.body !== undefined) {
-							requestInit.body = normalizeBody(options.body);
+						serializedUrl = serializeRequestUrl(
+							resolveUrl(baseUrl, url),
+							options.params,
+							sensitiveParams,
+						);
+						const { requestUrl } = serializedUrl;
+						const wreq = await getWreqModule();
+						const mapping = resolveWreqProfile(requestProfile, wreq.getProfiles());
+						const chromeEmulationHeaders = mapping.browser.startsWith("chrome_")
+							? Array.from(
+									wreq.getEmulationHeaders(mapping.browser, mapping.os),
+									([name, value]) => [String(name), String(value)] as HeaderTuple,
+								)
+							: undefined;
+						const buildOrderedHeaders = chromeEmulationHeaders
+							? (
+									currentUrl: string,
+									currentMethod: StealthMethod,
+									currentBody: string | undefined,
+									currentHeaders: Record<string, string>,
+								) =>
+									buildChromeHeaderTuples({
+										emulationHeaders: chromeEmulationHeaders,
+										method: currentMethod,
+										body: currentBody,
+										headers: currentHeaders,
+										requestUrl: currentUrl,
+										acceptLanguage: clientOptions.stealth?.acceptLanguage,
+										requestClass: options.stealth?.requestClass,
+									})
+							: undefined;
+						const initialHeaders = normalizeHeaders({ ...(options.headers ?? {}) });
+						if (!hasHeader(initialHeaders, "cookie")) {
+							const cookieHeader = cookieJar.toHeader(requestUrl);
+							if (cookieHeader) initialHeaders.cookie = cookieHeader;
 						}
-						const response = await getClient(profileName, proxy, ignoreTlsErrors).fetch(
+						const defaultHeaders = buildOrderedHeaders?.(
 							requestUrl,
-							requestInit,
+							method,
+							options.body === undefined ? undefined : normalizeBody(options.body),
+							initialHeaders,
+						);
+						const { normalized, response } = await withClient(
+							requestProfile,
+							proxy,
+							ignoreTlsErrors,
+							(transport) =>
+								fetchStealthRedirectChain(
+									transport,
+									cookieJar,
+									requestUrl,
+									method,
+									options,
+									clientOptions.signal,
+									buildOrderedHeaders,
+								),
+							clientOptions.signal,
+							defaultHeaders,
 						);
-						const normalized = await normalizeResponse(response, requestUrl);
-						cookieJar.setFromCookieStrings(setCookieHeadersFromResponse(response.headers));
 
 						if (proxy && isProxyConnectFailureResponse(response, normalized.body)) {
 							throw createProxyConnectFailureError(normalized.body);
@@ -789,16 +1564,48 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 						recordProxyAttempt("ok", undefined, response.status);
 						return normalized;
 					} catch (error) {
-						const normalizedError = normalizeStealthTransportError(error);
+						const sensitiveValues = serializedUrl?.sensitiveValues ?? fallbackSensitiveValues;
+						let normalizedError: TransportError;
+						try {
+							throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
+							normalizedError = normalizeStealthTransportError(error);
+						} catch (normalizationError) {
+							const redactedNormalizationError = redactSensitiveError(
+								normalizationError,
+								sensitiveValues,
+								serializedUrl?.requestUrl ?? fallbackRequestUrl,
+								serializedUrl?.redactedUrl ?? fallbackRedactedUrl,
+							);
+							if (
+								normalizationError instanceof TransportError &&
+								normalizationError.code === "transport_cancelled"
+							) {
+								recordProxyAttempt(
+									"error",
+									proxyAttemptErrorCode(normalizationError),
+									proxyAttemptStatus(normalizationError),
+								);
+							}
+							throw redactedNormalizationError;
+						}
+						const retryErrorCode = proxyAttemptErrorCode(normalizedError);
+						const refreshableProxyError = isProxyPoolRefreshableError(normalizedError);
+						const runProxyAuthDiagnostic = shouldRunProxyAuthDiagnostic(normalizedError);
+						normalizedError = redactSensitiveError(
+							normalizedError,
+							sensitiveValues,
+							serializedUrl?.requestUrl ?? fallbackRequestUrl,
+							serializedUrl?.redactedUrl ?? fallbackRedactedUrl,
+						);
 						recordProxyAttempt(
 							"error",
 							proxyAttemptErrorCode(normalizedError),
 							proxyAttemptStatus(normalizedError),
 						);
 						lastError = normalizedError;
-						if (proxy && usesPolicyAllocator && isProxyPoolRefreshableError(normalizedError)) {
+						if (proxy && rotatesRegistryChain && refreshableProxyError) {
 							stalePoolError = normalizedError;
-							if (shouldRunProxyAuthDiagnostic(normalizedError)) {
+							if (runProxyAuthDiagnostic) {
 								stalePoolDiagnosticProxy = proxy;
 							}
 							if (attempt + 1 < maxAttempts) {
@@ -806,13 +1613,30 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 							}
 							break;
 						}
+						// Cap the number of transport retries. For a policy-allocator chain,
+						// every attempt resolves a *different* endpoint/vendor (poolIndex
+						// rotates across the concatenated vendor pool spans), so a transport
+						// failure is a signal to advance to the next endpoint — potentially
+						// crossing into the fallback vendor — not to retry the same endpoint.
+						// Truncating that rotation at the per-endpoint retry budget would
+						// strand the request on the primary vendor and never reach the
+						// fallback, since the crossover only happens once the flat attempt
+						// index exceeds the primary vendor's pool size (~10-20).
+						// resolvePolicyTransportAttemptCap widens to the full chain span only
+						// for implicit, safe-method allocator requests; explicit retry
+						// policies (their documented `attempts` ceiling), unsafe methods, and
+						// static/non-registry vendors keep the per-endpoint retry budget.
+						const transportRetryCap = resolvePolicyTransportAttemptCap({
+							policy: policyProxy,
+							usesPolicyAllocator,
+							retryAttempts: stealthRetryOptions?.attempts ?? 1,
+							explicitRetry: hasExplicitRetryPolicy,
+							method,
+						});
 						if (
-							attempt + 1 <
-								(stealthRetryOptions
-									? Math.min(maxAttempts, stealthRetryOptions.attempts)
-									: maxAttempts) &&
+							attempt + 1 < transportRetryCap &&
 							shouldRetryProxyTransportAttempt({
-								error: normalizedError,
+								error: { code: retryErrorCode },
 								explicitRetry: hasExplicitRetryPolicy,
 								method,
 								options: stealthRetryOptions,
@@ -820,8 +1644,12 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 							})
 						) {
 							if (stealthRetryOptions) {
-								await sleep(computeProxyTransportRetryDelayMs(stealthRetryOptions!, attempt + 1));
+								await sleep(
+									computeProxyTransportRetryDelayMs(stealthRetryOptions, attempt + 1),
+									clientOptions.signal,
+								);
 							}
+							throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 							continue;
 						}
 						throw normalizedError;
@@ -829,24 +1657,23 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 				}
 
 				if (
-					usesPolicyAllocator &&
+					rotatesRegistryChain &&
 					stalePoolError &&
 					refreshAttempt < MAX_POLICY_PROXY_POOL_REFRESHES
 				) {
+					throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 					await invalidateProxyResolutionCacheAsync({
 						proxyPolicy: clientOptions.proxyPolicy,
 						upstream: clientOptions.upstream,
 						affinityKey: clientOptions.affinityKey,
 					});
+					throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				const proxyAuthDiagnostic =
 					stalePoolError && stalePoolDiagnosticProxy
-						? await classifyProxyAuthDiagnostic(
-								options.profile ?? defaultProfile,
-								stalePoolDiagnosticProxy,
-							)
+						? await classifyProxyAuthDiagnostic(requestProfile, stalePoolDiagnosticProxy)
 						: undefined;
 				if (proxyAuthDiagnostic === "source_ip_denied") {
 					throw createProxyAuthIpDeniedError(
@@ -873,6 +1700,7 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 				break;
 			}
 
+			throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 			throw normalizeStealthTransportError(lastError);
 		},
 		cookies: cookieJar,
@@ -882,25 +1710,99 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 					options.maxHops === undefined || !Number.isFinite(options.maxHops)
 						? 10
 						: Math.max(0, Math.floor(options.maxHops));
+				const {
+					url: _url,
+					maxHops: _maxHops,
+					stopWhen,
+					params,
+					sensitiveParams,
+					...fetchOptions
+				} = options;
 				const hops: StealthRedirectHop[] = [];
-				let currentUrl = resolveUrl(baseUrl, options.url);
 				let method = normalizeMethod(options.method ?? "GET");
 				let body = options.body;
 				let response: StealthResponse | undefined;
 				const visitedRequests = new Set<string>();
-
-				const { url: _url, maxHops: _maxHops, stopWhen, params, ...fetchOptions } = options;
+				const initialParams = params
+					? Object.fromEntries(
+							Object.entries(params).map(([key, value]) => [
+								key,
+								Array.isArray(value) ? [...value] : value,
+							]),
+						)
+					: undefined;
+				const normalizedSensitiveParams = normalizeSensitiveParams(sensitiveParams);
+				const initialSensitiveParams = normalizedSensitiveParams
+					? { ...normalizedSensitiveParams }
+					: undefined;
+				const sensitiveParamNames = initialSensitiveParams
+					? Object.keys(initialSensitiveParams)
+					: [];
+				const callerStructural = redactUrlQueryParams(options.url, sensitiveParamNames);
+				const sensitiveValues = new Set(
+					[
+						...Object.values(initialSensitiveParams ?? {}),
+						...callerStructural.sensitiveValues,
+					].filter((value) => value !== ""),
+				);
+				const redactRedirectUrl = (value: string): string => {
+					const structural = redactUrlQueryParams(value, [
+						...new Set([...sensitiveParamNames, ...sensitiveQueryParamNames(value)]),
+					]);
+					for (const sensitiveValue of structural.sensitiveValues) {
+						sensitiveValues.add(sensitiveValue);
+					}
+					return redactSensitiveText(structural.redactedUrl, [...sensitiveValues]);
+				};
+				let currentUrl: string;
+				let initialUrl: ReturnType<typeof serializeRequestUrl>;
+				try {
+					currentUrl = resolveUrl(baseUrl, options.url);
+					redactRedirectUrl(currentUrl);
+					initialUrl = serializeRequestUrl(currentUrl, initialParams, initialSensitiveParams);
+					for (const value of initialUrl.sensitiveValues) {
+						if (value !== "") sensitiveValues.add(value);
+					}
+				} catch (error) {
+					throw redactSensitiveError(
+						error,
+						[...sensitiveValues],
+						options.url,
+						redactRedirectUrl(options.url),
+					);
+				}
 
 				for (let hopIndex = 0; hopIndex <= maxHops; hopIndex += 1) {
-					visitedRequests.add(`${method} ${currentUrl}`);
-					response = await session.fetch(currentUrl, {
-						...fetchOptions,
-						body,
-						method,
-						...(hopIndex === 0 && params ? { params } : {}),
-						redirect: "manual",
-						throwOnHttpError: false,
-					});
+					const outboundUrl =
+						hopIndex === 0 ? initialUrl.requestUrl : serializeRequestUrl(currentUrl).requestUrl;
+					// Preserve params-only loop bookkeeping from before sensitiveParams:
+					// the first visited key is the caller's resolved URL, not its expanded query.
+					const visitedUrl = hopIndex === 0 && !initialSensitiveParams ? currentUrl : outboundUrl;
+					visitedRequests.add(`${method} ${visitedUrl}`);
+					try {
+						response = await session.fetch(currentUrl, {
+							...fetchOptions,
+							body,
+							method,
+							...(hopIndex === 0 && initialParams ? { params: initialParams } : {}),
+							...(hopIndex === 0 && initialSensitiveParams
+								? { sensitiveParams: initialSensitiveParams }
+								: {}),
+							redirect: "manual",
+							throwOnHttpError: false,
+						});
+					} catch (error) {
+						throw redactSensitiveError(
+							error,
+							[...sensitiveValues],
+							outboundUrl,
+							redactRedirectUrl(outboundUrl),
+						);
+					}
+					// StealthResponse.url is programmatic metadata and remains raw. Only the
+					// redirect hop emitted below is a diagnostic surface.
+					const responseUrl =
+						response.url ?? (hopIndex === 0 && initialSensitiveParams ? outboundUrl : currentUrl);
 
 					if (!isRedirectStatus(response.status)) {
 						return {
@@ -908,63 +1810,79 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 							hops,
 							reason: "completed",
 							cookies: cookieJar.snapshot(),
+							cookieStore: cookieJar.serialize(),
 						};
 					}
 
 					const location = locationHeader(response.headers);
-					const nextUrl = location
-						? new URL(location, response.url ?? currentUrl).toString()
-						: undefined;
-					const hop: StealthRedirectHop = {
-						url: response.url ?? currentUrl,
+					const redactedResponseUrl = redactRedirectUrl(responseUrl);
+					const redactedLocation = location ? redactRedirectUrl(location) : undefined;
+					let nextUrl: string | undefined;
+					try {
+						nextUrl = resolveRedirectUrl(location, responseUrl);
+					} catch (error) {
+						throw redactSensitiveError(error, [...sensitiveValues], location, redactedLocation);
+					}
+					const realHop: StealthRedirectHop = {
+						url: responseUrl,
 						status: response.status,
 						method,
 						...(location ? { location } : {}),
 						...(nextUrl ? { nextUrl } : {}),
 					};
+					const hop: StealthRedirectHop = {
+						...realHop,
+						url: redactedResponseUrl,
+						...(redactedLocation ? { location: redactedLocation } : {}),
+						...(nextUrl ? { nextUrl: redactRedirectUrl(nextUrl) } : {}),
+					};
 					hops.push(hop);
 
-					if (stopWhen && (await stopWhen(hop))) {
-						return {
-							final: response,
-							hops,
-							reason: "stopped",
-							cookies: cookieJar.snapshot(),
-						};
-					}
-
-					if (!nextUrl) {
-						return {
-							final: response,
-							hops,
-							reason: "missing_location",
-							cookies: cookieJar.snapshot(),
-						};
+					let shouldStop = false;
+					if (stopWhen) {
+						try {
+							shouldStop = await stopWhen(realHop);
+						} catch (error) {
+							let sanitizedError: unknown = error;
+							for (const [rawUrl, safeUrl] of [
+								[responseUrl, redactedResponseUrl],
+								[location, redactedLocation],
+								[nextUrl, nextUrl ? redactRedirectUrl(nextUrl) : undefined],
+							] as const) {
+								if (!rawUrl || !safeUrl) continue;
+								sanitizedError = redactSensitiveError(
+									sanitizedError,
+									[...sensitiveValues],
+									rawUrl,
+									safeUrl,
+								);
+							}
+							throw sanitizedError;
+						}
 					}
-
-					if (hops.length > maxHops) {
+					const decision = evaluateRedirectHop({
+						status: response.status,
+						method,
+						nextUrl,
+						shouldStop,
+						redirectCount: hops.length,
+						maxHops,
+						visitedRequests,
+					});
+					if (decision.kind === "stop") {
 						return {
 							final: response,
 							hops,
-							reason: "max_hops",
+							reason: decision.reason,
 							cookies: cookieJar.snapshot(),
+							cookieStore: cookieJar.serialize(),
 						};
 					}
-
-					const nextMethod = nextRedirectMethod(response.status, method);
-					if (nextMethod !== method) {
+					if (decision.nextMethod !== method) {
 						body = undefined;
 					}
-					if (visitedRequests.has(`${nextMethod} ${nextUrl}`)) {
-						return {
-							final: response,
-							hops,
-							reason: "loop",
-							cookies: cookieJar.snapshot(),
-						};
-					}
-					method = nextMethod;
-					currentUrl = nextUrl;
+					method = decision.nextMethod;
+					currentUrl = decision.nextUrl;
 				}
 
 				if (!response) {
@@ -982,28 +1900,55 @@ function createSessionFetcher(
 					hops,
 					reason: "max_hops",
 					cookies: cookieJar.snapshot(),
+					cookieStore: cookieJar.serialize(),
 				};
 			},
 		},
 		close() {
 			closed = true;
+			for (const client of clients.values()) {
+				void client.session
+					.then((session) => session.close())
+					.catch((error: unknown) => {
+						const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+						warn(`[provider-sdk] Failed to close stealth transport session: ${message}`);
+					});
+			}
 			clients.clear();
 		},
 	};
 	return session;
 
 	async function classifyProxyAuthDiagnostic(
-		profileName: string,
+		profile: StealthProfileDescriptor,
 		proxy: string,
 	): Promise<"source_ip_denied" | "edge_auth_rejected" | undefined> {
 		try {
-			const response = await getClient(profileName, proxy, false).fetch(PROXY_AUTH_DIAGNOSTIC_URL, {
-				method: "GET",
-				timeout: PROXY_AUTH_DIAGNOSTIC_TIMEOUT_MS,
-			});
-			const normalized = await normalizeResponse(response);
-			return classifyProxyAuthDiagnosticMessage(normalized.body);
+			return await withClient(
+				profile,
+				proxy,
+				false,
+				async (client) => {
+					throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
+					await client.clearCookies();
+					throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
+					const response = await client.fetch(PROXY_AUTH_DIAGNOSTIC_URL, {
+						method: "GET",
+						timeout: PROXY_AUTH_DIAGNOSTIC_TIMEOUT_MS,
+						...(clientOptions.signal ? { signal: clientOptions.signal } : {}),
+					});
+					const normalized = await normalizeResponseWithSignal(
+						response,
+						undefined,
+						undefined,
+						clientOptions.signal,
+					);
+					return classifyProxyAuthDiagnosticMessage(normalized.body);
+				},
+				clientOptions.signal,
+			);
 		} catch (error) {
+			throwIfAmbientAborted(clientOptions.signal);
 			const message =
 				error instanceof Error
 					? [error.message, error.cause instanceof Error ? error.cause.message : ""]
@@ -1042,18 +1987,17 @@ function hasHeader(headers: Record<string, string>, name: string): boolean {
 
 export function createStealthClient(
 	baseUrl: string,
-	defaultProfileOrOptions: string | StealthClientOptions = DEFAULT_PROFILE,
 	clientOptions: StealthClientOptions = {},
 ): StealthClient {
-	const defaultProfile =
-		typeof defaultProfileOrOptions === "string" ? defaultProfileOrOptions : DEFAULT_PROFILE;
-	const resolvedClientOptions =
-		typeof defaultProfileOrOptions === "string" ? clientOptions : defaultProfileOrOptions;
+	if (typeof clientOptions === "string") {
+		resolveStealthProfileSelection(clientOptions as unknown as StealthProfileSelection);
+	}
+	const defaultProfile = resolveStealthProfileSelection(clientOptions.stealth);
 	let sharedSession: StealthSession | null = null;
 
 	function getSharedSession(): StealthSession {
 		if (!sharedSession) {
-			sharedSession = createSessionFetcher(baseUrl, defaultProfile, resolvedClientOptions);
+			sharedSession = createSessionFetcher(baseUrl, defaultProfile, clientOptions);
 		}
 
 		return sharedSession;
@@ -1063,9 +2007,9 @@ export function createStealthClient(
 		fetch(url: string, options?: StealthFetchOptions) {
 			return getSharedSession().fetch(url, options);
 		},
-		createSession(opts?: { profile?: string }) {
-			const sessionProfile = opts?.profile ?? defaultProfile;
-			return createSessionFetcher(baseUrl, sessionProfile, resolvedClientOptions);
+		createSession(opts?: { stealth?: StealthProfileSelection }) {
+			const sessionProfile = resolveStealthProfileSelection(opts?.stealth, defaultProfile);
+			return createSessionFetcher(baseUrl, sessionProfile, clientOptions);
 		},
 		close() {
 			sharedSession?.close();