@antseed/cli 0.1.190 → 0.1.192

package/dist/proxy/buyer-proxy.js

@@ -4,21 +4,24 @@ import { prepareVideoRequest, recordVideoAcceptance } from './native-video-proxy
 import { downloadVideo } from './video-download.js';
 import { createServer } from 'node:http';
 import { randomUUID } from 'node:crypto';
+import { buildRoutingServices, findPinnedRoutingService } from './routing-services.js';
 import { readFileSync, watchFile, unwatchFile } from 'node:fs';
 import { readFile, writeFile, rename, mkdir, readdir, stat, unlink } from 'node:fs/promises';
 import { join } from 'node:path';
-import { ANTSEED_BUYER_FAULT_ERROR_CODE, ANTSEED_FAULT_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER, ANTSEED_ATTEST_PATH, adaptPeerFaultErrorResponse, computeTrustScore, decodeSweepRequest, faultAttributionOf, faultCodeOf, isModelRouteCoolingDown, isModelRouteEligible, modelRouteReputationScore, modelRouteTotalPrice, normalizedModelReputationScore, peerSupportsCooperativeClose, DEFAULT_BUYER_IDENTITY, rankModelRoutes, sanitizePeerDisplayName, } from '@antseed/node';
+import { ANTSEED_BUYER_FAULT_ERROR_CODE, ANTSEED_FAULT_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER, ANTSEED_ATTEST_PATH, adaptPeerFaultErrorResponse, computeTrustScore, decodeSweepRequest, faultAttributionOf, faultCodeOf, isModelRouteCoolingDown, isModelRouteEligible, modelRouteReputationScore, modelRouteTotalPrice, normalizedModelReputationScore, peerSupportsCooperativeClose, isRoutingSelection, DEFAULT_BUYER_IDENTITY, rankModelRoutes, sanitizePeerDisplayName, } from '@antseed/node';
 import { canonicalModelKey } from '@antseed/node/model-identity';
 import { createStreamingAdapter, detectRequestServiceApiProtocol, transformRequest, transformResponse, } from './service-api-adapter.js';
-import { DEBUG, log, extractRequestedService, summarizeRequestShape, summarizeErrorResponse, requestWantsStreaming, parsePeerPinnedService, rewritePeerPinnedServiceInBody, substituteRoutedModelAlias, overrideRoutedModelInBody, ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS, SYSTEM_PROXY_SOURCE_HEADER, SYSTEM_ROUTED_MODEL_HEADER, BUYER_IDENTITY_HEADER, normalizePeerId, } from './request-utils.js';
+import { DEBUG, log, extractRequestedService, summarizeRequestShape, summarizeErrorResponse, requestWantsStreaming, parsePeerPinnedService, rewritePeerPinnedServiceInBody, substituteRoutedModelAlias, overrideRoutedModelInBody, ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS, SYSTEM_PROXY_SOURCE_HEADER, SYSTEM_ROUTED_MODEL_HEADER, BUYER_IDENTITY_HEADER, normalizePeerId, takeRoutingOptions, } from './request-utils.js';
 import { BuyerIdentityLoader } from '../buyer-identities/loader.js';
 import { buildNetworkModels, effectiveModelReputationScore, parseModelTypeFilter, } from './network-models.js';
 import { findMissingRequiredParameters, findUnannouncedRequestParameters, findAdvertisedServiceOffer, findAdvertisedServiceProtocols, getExplicitProviderOverride, getExplicitPeerIdOverride, parseRequiredParametersHeader, REQUIRED_PARAMETERS_HEADER, resolvePeerRoutePlan, selectCandidatePeersForRouting, } from './routing.js';
 import { computeResponseTelemetry, attachAntseedTelemetryHeaders, attachStreamingAntseedHeaders, } from './telemetry.js';
 import { DEFAULT_BUYER_PEER_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS } from '../config/defaults.js';
 import { extractConversationIdentity, extractFirstUserSnippet, isCompletionRequestPath, isTitleGenerationRequest, parseRequestBodyObject, } from './conversation-identity.js';
-import { SPEND_ATTRIBUTION_DB_FILE, SPEND_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER, SpendAttributionFeed, parseSpendAttributionTag } from './spend-attribution.js';
 import { ConversationStore } from './conversation-store.js';
+import { eligibleRouterCandidates, executeRouterSelection, NoEligibleCandidatesError, requestForRecommendation, RoutingModelsCache } from './router-execution.js';
+import { recordRouterUsage } from './routing-usage.js';
+import { SPEND_ATTRIBUTION_DB_FILE, SPEND_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER, SpendAttributionFeed, parseSpendAttributionTag } from './spend-attribution.js';
 import { DEPOSIT_WATCH_ACTIVE_TTL_MS } from './deposit-watcher.js';
 import { DepositLog } from './deposit-log.js';
 import { recordPeerFailureEntry, clearPeerHealthEntry, isCoolingDown, parsePersistedPeerHealth, prunePeerHealth, serializePeerHealth, reasonEscalates, } from './peer-health.js';
@@ -32,8 +35,9 @@ import { TeeControl } from './tee-control.js';
 import { ChainReadCache } from './chain-read-cache.js';
 import { isClientCredentialHeader } from './credential-headers.js';
 import { loadConfig } from '../config/loader.js';
+import { InvalidRouterOptionsError, ModelRoutingClient, routingClientAdapter, routingProtocolOfTarget, validateRouterOptions } from '@antseed/router-core';
 import { GATEWAY_CONTROL_HEADER, GATEWAY_CONTROL_SECRET_ENV, GATEWAY_CONTROL_SECRET_FILE, ROUTING_POLICY_HEADER, decodePolicyHeader, findModelRoute, meaningfulPolicy, narrowPolicy, normalizePeerId as normalizePolicyPeerId, policyAllowsModel, policyModelKey, } from '../routing-policy/policy.js';
-import { buyerConfigReason, buyerHardPolicy, buyerPreferencePolicy, orderByPolicy, pinnedPeerExclusionReasons, policyExclusionReasons, preferenceExclusionReasons, rankingPreferences, secretsMatch, } from './route-policy.js';
+import { buyerConfigReason, buyerHardPolicy, buyerPreferencePolicy, orderByPolicy, pinnedPeerExclusionReasons, policyExclusionReasons, preferenceExclusionReasons, rankingPreferences, secretsMatch, routingServicePolicy, } from './route-policy.js';
 // Re-export for backward compatibility (used by tests and other consumers)
 export { selectCandidatePeersForRouting } from './routing.js';
 export { parsePeerPinnedService, rewritePeerPinnedServiceInBody, substituteRoutedModelAlias, ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS } from './request-utils.js';
@@ -91,6 +95,8 @@ function isLoopbackAddress(address) {
 // because model_not_found already has dedicated unadvertise handling while a
 // generic 404 would repeat identically on every peer.
 const RETRYABLE_STATUS_CODES = new Set([401, 403, 408, 429, 500, 502, 503, 504]);
+// Moving to another recommendation is a new purchase, so skip timeouts (408/504), where the seller may already have done the work.
+const RECOMMENDATION_FALLBACK_STATUS_CODES = new Set([401, 403, 429, 500, 502, 503]);
 /**
  * Gateway-policy requests on automatic routing also move on after a 402: the
  * buyer could not fund that seller (no deposits for its reserve), but a free
@@ -147,6 +153,10 @@ function isValidRoutedModelTarget(value) {
         return false;
     return !value.includes('@') || parsePeerPinnedService(value) !== null;
 }
+function sameRoutingServiceTarget(a, b) {
+    return !!a && !!b && a.peerId.toLowerCase() === b.peerId.toLowerCase()
+        && a.provider === b.provider && a.serviceId === b.serviceId;
+}
 /** Returns `request` with its body's model field rewritten to `serviceId`, or unchanged if nothing rewrote. */
 function withRoutedModel(request, serviceId) {
     const rewritten = overrideRoutedModelInBody(request.body, request.headers, serviceId);
@@ -254,6 +264,18 @@ function responseFaultAttribution(response) {
         ? attribution
         : 'peer';
 }
+function dispatchFailure(statusCode, responseHeaders, body) {
+    return { done: false, statusCode, responseHeaders, responseBody: Buffer.from(body), errorMessage: null };
+}
+function writeDispatchFailure(res, result) {
+    if (res.headersSent || res.writableEnded)
+        return;
+    res.writeHead(result.statusCode, result.responseHeaders);
+    res.end(result.responseBody);
+}
+function isBuyerFault(result) {
+    return result.responseHeaders[ANTSEED_FAULT_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER]?.toLowerCase() === 'buyer';
+}
 function adaptOpenAICompatibleErrorResponse(response, requestProtocol) {
     if (response.statusCode !== 402) {
         return response;
@@ -723,12 +745,14 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
     _configFileWatching = false;
     _pinnedPeer;
     /**
-     * Route substituted for the `antseed` model alias (`<service>` for automatic
-     * peer selection, or `<peerId>@<service>` for an explicit seller pin).
-     * Set via `POST /_antseed/route` (the desktop keeps it on the current VPR
-     * selection) and persisted in buyer.state.json like the session peer pin.
+     * Default for the `antseed` model alias: an explicit model route (`model`) or an exact
+     * routing service (`router`). At most one is set. Set via `POST /_antseed/route` and
+     * persisted in buyer.state.json.
      */
     _defaultRoutedModel = null;
+    _defaultRouter = null;
+    _routingModels = new RoutingModelsCache();
+    _modelRoutingClient;
     _conversations;
     /**
      * Wall-clock of the last model-request activity (dispatch or streamed
@@ -818,6 +842,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         this._restartAllowedAt = Date.now() + (config.minRestartIntervalMs ?? MIN_RESTART_INTERVAL_MS);
         this._settingOverrides = [...(config.settingOverrides ?? [])];
         this._node = config.node;
+        this._modelRoutingClient = config.modelRoutingClient ?? new ModelRoutingClient();
         this._verifier = config.verifier;
         this._buyerIdentities = config.buyerIdentities ?? new BuyerIdentityLoader(config.node, config.dataDir);
         this._teeVerification = new TeeVerification(config.verifier);
@@ -888,13 +913,15 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         const entry = this._requestConversations.get(event.requestId);
         if (!entry)
             return;
+        const routing = entry.purpose === 'routing';
         this._conversations.addSpend(entry.convId, {
             amountUsdc: event.amountUsdc,
             inputTokens: event.inputTokens,
             cachedInputTokens: event.cachedInputTokens,
             outputTokens: event.outputTokens,
-        }, !entry.counted);
-        entry.counted = true;
+        }, !routing && !entry.counted);
+        if (!routing)
+            entry.counted = true;
     }
     /**
      * Identity named by a request: null for the default, the name when it is
@@ -1439,8 +1466,12 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
      * a grace window — the seller-initiated auth path can land just after the
      * response is returned. Bounded so a leaked id can't grow the map forever.
      */
-    _trackRequestConversation(requestId, convId) {
-        this._requestConversations.set(requestId, { convId, counted: false });
+    _trackRequestConversation(requestId, convId, parentRequestId, purpose) {
+        if (this._requestConversations.has(requestId))
+            throw new Error('Request ID already tracked');
+        // Inference retries share one turn counter; recommendation purchases have their own cost entry.
+        const parent = !purpose && parentRequestId ? this._requestConversations.get(parentRequestId) : undefined;
+        this._requestConversations.set(requestId, parent?.convId === convId ? parent : { convId, counted: false, purpose });
         while (this._requestConversations.size > MAX_TRACKED_REQUEST_CONVERSATIONS) {
             const oldest = this._requestConversations.keys().next().value;
             if (oldest === undefined)
@@ -1617,6 +1648,46 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             // watcher setup failed; non-fatal
         }
     }
+    _validateRouterSelection(value) {
+        if (!isRoutingSelection(value) || value.kind !== 'router')
+            throw new Error('Invalid router selection');
+        if (!value.service)
+            throw new Error('Select an exact routing-service target');
+    }
+    /** Parses the `router` field of `POST /_antseed/route` (`{ service, options?, allowedModels? }`). */
+    _parseDefaultRouter(value) {
+        if (!value || typeof value !== 'object' || Array.isArray(value))
+            throw new Error('router must be { service, options?, allowedModels? }');
+        const selection = { ...value, kind: 'router' };
+        this._validateRouterSelection(selection);
+        return structuredClone(selection);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Check a router selection's options against the protocol its router advertises, when the
+     * router is in the peer cache; throws `InvalidRouterOptionsError`. An unknown router is
+     * checked again before each ranking.
+     */
+    async _checkRouterOptions(selection) {
+        if (!selection.service || selection.options === undefined)
+            return;
+        let peers;
+        try {
+            peers = await this._getPeers();
+        }
+        catch {
+            return; // Discovery is unavailable: the options are checked again before each ranking.
+        }
+        const protocol = routingProtocolOfTarget(peers, selection.service);
+        if (protocol)
+            validateRouterOptions(routingClientAdapter(protocol).options, selection.options);
+    }
+    /** The default router in its wire form, without the internal `kind` tag. */
+    get _defaultRouterJson() {
+        if (!this._defaultRouter)
+            return null;
+        const { kind: _kind, ...router } = this._defaultRouter;
+        return router;
+    }
     async _reloadSessionOverrides(opts = {}) {
         try {
             const raw = await readFile(this._stateFile, 'utf-8');
@@ -1629,7 +1700,16 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             }
             const routedModel = typeof parsed.defaultRoutedModel === 'string' ? parsed.defaultRoutedModel.trim() : '';
             this._defaultRoutedModel = routedModel.length > 0 && isValidRoutedModelTarget(routedModel) ? routedModel : null;
-            log(`Session overrides reloaded: peer=${this._pinnedPeer ?? 'none'} route=${this._defaultRoutedModel ?? 'none'}`);
+            try {
+                this._defaultRouter = null;
+                if (parsed.defaultRouter != null && this._defaultRoutedModel === null) {
+                    this._defaultRouter = this._parseDefaultRouter(parsed.defaultRouter);
+                }
+            }
+            catch {
+                this._defaultRouter = null;
+            }
+            log(`Session overrides reloaded: peer=${this._pinnedPeer ?? 'none'} route=${this._defaultRoutedModel ?? 'none'} router=${JSON.stringify(this._defaultRouterJson)}`);
         }
         catch {
             // state file unreadable; keep current values
@@ -1708,7 +1788,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         // in the file — the debounce may have been cancelled before
         // _reloadSessionOverrides could commit the latest CLI-written values.
         const sessionOverrides = state === 'connected'
-            ? { pinnedPeerId: this._pinnedPeer, defaultRoutedModel: this._defaultRoutedModel }
+            ? { pinnedPeerId: this._pinnedPeer, defaultRoutedModel: this._defaultRoutedModel, defaultRouter: this._defaultRouterJson }
             : {};
         await this._mergeStateFile({
             state,
@@ -2254,9 +2334,14 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, peerId: normalized }));
             return;
         }
+        if (path === '/_antseed/routing-services' && method === 'GET') {
+            res.writeHead(200, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+            res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, services: await buildRoutingServices(await this._getPeers(), this._modelRoutingClient, this._node, this._routingModels) }));
+            return;
+        }
         if (path === '/_antseed/route' && method === 'GET') {
             res.writeHead(200, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-            res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, model: this._defaultRoutedModel }));
+            res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, model: this._defaultRoutedModel, router: this._defaultRouterJson }));
             return;
         }
         if (path === '/_antseed/route' && method === 'POST') {
@@ -2271,9 +2356,10 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 }
                 chunks.push(chunk);
             }
+            let body;
             let model;
             try {
-                const body = JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString());
+                body = JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString());
                 model = typeof body.model === 'string' ? body.model.trim() : '';
             }
             catch {
@@ -2281,16 +2367,29 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: false, error: 'Invalid JSON body' }));
                 return;
             }
-            if (model.length > 0 && !isValidRoutedModelTarget(model)) {
+            let router = null;
+            try {
+                if (body.router != null) {
+                    if (model.length > 0)
+                        throw new Error('Set model or router, not both');
+                    router = this._parseDefaultRouter(body.router);
+                    await this._checkRouterOptions(router);
+                }
+                if (model.length > 0 && !isValidRoutedModelTarget(model)) {
+                    throw new Error('model must be "<service>", "<peerId>@<service>", or empty to clear');
+                }
+            }
+            catch (error) {
                 res.writeHead(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-                res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: false, error: 'model must be "<service>", "<peerId>@<service>", or empty to clear' }));
+                res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) }));
                 return;
             }
             this._defaultRoutedModel = model.length > 0 ? model : null;
-            await this._mergeStateFile({ defaultRoutedModel: this._defaultRoutedModel });
-            log(`Default routed model set: ${this._defaultRoutedModel ?? 'none'}`);
+            this._defaultRouter = router;
+            await this._mergeStateFile({ defaultRoutedModel: this._defaultRoutedModel, defaultRouter: this._defaultRouterJson });
+            log(`Default route set: model=${this._defaultRoutedModel ?? 'none'} router=${JSON.stringify(this._defaultRouterJson)}`);
             res.writeHead(200, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-            res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, model: this._defaultRoutedModel }));
+            res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: true, model: this._defaultRoutedModel, router: this._defaultRouterJson }));
             return;
         }
         if (path === '/_antseed/conversations' && method === 'GET') {
@@ -2331,6 +2430,8 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             let parsed;
             try {
                 parsed = JSON.parse(Buffer.concat(chunks).toString());
+                if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== 'object' || Array.isArray(parsed))
+                    throw new Error('Invalid conversation update');
             }
             catch {
                 res.writeHead(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
@@ -2355,6 +2456,23 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: false, error: 'Unknown conversation' }));
                 return;
             }
+            if ('routingSelection' in parsed) {
+                try {
+                    if ('pinnedModel' in parsed)
+                        throw new Error('Update routingSelection or pinnedModel, not both');
+                    if (parsed.routingSelection !== null) {
+                        this._validateRouterSelection(parsed.routingSelection);
+                        await this._checkRouterOptions(parsed.routingSelection);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch (error) {
+                    res.writeHead(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
+                    res.end(JSON.stringify({ ok: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) }));
+                    return;
+                }
+                const selection = parsed.routingSelection;
+                conversation = this._conversations.setRoutingSelection(id, selection);
+            }
             if ('pinnedModel' in parsed) {
                 const pin = typeof parsed.pinnedModel === 'string' ? parsed.pinnedModel.trim() : '';
                 if (pin.length > 0 && !isValidRoutedModelTarget(pin)) {
@@ -2730,18 +2848,66 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             res.writeHead(400, responseHeaders);
             res.end(JSON.stringify({
                 error: {
-                    message: `Unknown model type "${url.searchParams.get('type') ?? ''}" — expected "text", "images", "decisions", or "videos".`,
+                    message: `Unknown model type "${url.searchParams.get('type') ?? ''}" — expected "text", "images", "decisions", "videos", or "routers".`,
                     type: 'invalid_request_error',
                     param: 'type',
                 },
             }));
             return;
         }
+        if (typeFilter === 'router') {
+            const routers = await this._networkRouters(peers, requestPolicy);
+            log(`GET /v1/models?type=router answered locally: ${routers.length} routers`);
+            res.writeHead(200, responseHeaders);
+            res.end(JSON.stringify({ object: 'list', data: routers }));
+            return;
+        }
         const data = typeFilter === 'all' ? models : models.filter((entry) => entry.type === typeFilter);
         log(`GET /v1/models answered locally: ${data.length} models across ${peers.length} peers${typeFilter ? ` (type=${typeFilter})` : ''}`);
         res.writeHead(200, responseHeaders);
         res.end(JSON.stringify({ object: 'list', data }));
     }
+    /**
+     * Routing services on the network, one entry per service id with each
+     * router peer offering it. A router is listed only when a request could pay
+     * it (see `_routerExclusionReasons`), and under a gateway policy its models
+     * are cut to the ones the policy allows. Model lists are free calls, cached
+     * per router.
+     */
+    async _networkRouters(peers, requestPolicy) {
+        const policy = this._effectivePolicy(requestPolicy);
+        const services = await buildRoutingServices(peers, this._modelRoutingClient, this._node, this._routingModels);
+        const created = Math.floor(this._now() / 1000);
+        const byId = new Map();
+        for (const service of services) {
+            const peer = peers.find((candidate) => candidate.peerId === service.peerId);
+            if (!peer || this._routerExclusionReasons(peer, service.serviceId, requestPolicy).length > 0)
+                continue;
+            const models = service.catalog
+                ? [...new Set(service.catalog.models.map((model) => model.serviceId))]
+                    .filter((model) => !policy || policyAllowsModel(policy, model))
+                    .sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b))
+                : null;
+            const price = Number(service.priceMicroUsdc);
+            let entry = byId.get(service.serviceId);
+            if (!entry) {
+                entry = { id: service.serviceId, name: service.label, object: 'model', created, owned_by: 'antseed', type: 'router', peers: [] };
+                byId.set(service.serviceId, entry);
+            }
+            entry.peers.push({
+                peerId: service.peerId,
+                ...(service.sellerName ? { displayName: service.sellerName } : {}),
+                provider: service.provider,
+                serviceId: service.serviceId,
+                protocol: service.protocol,
+                options: service.options,
+                model: `${service.peerId}@${service.serviceId}`,
+                priceUsdPerRequest: Number.isFinite(price) ? price / 1_000_000 : null,
+                models,
+            });
+        }
+        return [...byId.values()].sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id));
+    }
     /**
      * Whether a request under the gateway's policy could use this offer, by
      * the checks that judge a pinned `peer@model`: the model allow list, the
@@ -2911,6 +3077,19 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             }));
             return;
         }
+        // Per-request routing options (`routing` in the body) are read here and
+        // stripped, so they never reach a seller, whatever the model. A malformed
+        // `routing` is reported only when a router serves the request.
+        let routingOptions = {};
+        let invalidRouting = null;
+        if (method === 'POST' && isCompletionRequestPath(path)) {
+            const taken = takeRoutingOptions(serializedReq);
+            if (taken.kind === 'options') {
+                serializedReq = taken.request;
+                routingOptions = taken.options;
+                invalidRouting = taken.invalid ?? null;
+            }
+        }
         if (nativeVideo) {
             // Re-classify with the body: some APIs (Venice) carry the job ID in it.
             const prepared = prepareVideoRequest(nativeVideoRoute(serializedReq) ?? nativeVideo, serializedReq.headers, this._resourceRoutes);
@@ -2936,6 +3115,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         const conversationIdentity = isConversationRequest
             ? extractConversationIdentity(serializedReq.headers, conversationBody)
             : null;
+        const routingConversationKey = conversationIdentity ? `${conversationIdentity.tool}:${conversationIdentity.sessionKey}` : null;
         // Internal marker from the system proxy: source profile used only for
         // local conversation attribution. Stripped here so it never reaches a seller.
         delete serializedReq.headers[SYSTEM_PROXY_SOURCE_HEADER];
@@ -2945,6 +3125,10 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         const storedConversation = conversationIdentity && trackedConversationKey
             ? this._conversations.get(`${conversationIdentity.tool}:${trackedConversationKey}`)
             : null;
+        // Use this chat's router override when present; otherwise follow the buyer's default choice.
+        const conversationSelection = storedConversation?.routingSelection ?? null;
+        // Keep this request's choice stable; later selection changes affect subsequent requests.
+        const routerSelection = structuredClone(conversationSelection ?? this._defaultRouter);
         const storedAutoRoute = storedConversation?.peerSource === 'auto' && storedConversation.pinnedModel
             ? parsePeerPinnedService(storedConversation.pinnedModel)
             : null;
@@ -2954,6 +3138,249 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         const preferredPeerHeader = normalizePeerId(serializedReq.headers['x-antseed-prefer-peer'] ?? '');
         const preferredConversationPeerId = preferredPeerHeader ?? storedAutoRoute?.peerId ?? null;
         const effectiveRoutedModel = chatPinnedModel ?? this._defaultRoutedModel;
+        // Where a router pin can come from besides the request's own model: the
+        // `antseed` alias resolves to the chat's explicit pin or, when the chat
+        // chose no route of its own (neither a pin nor a router), the default
+        // route; a system-proxied request follows the chat's explicit pin. An
+        // automatic chat route (the seller a router chose last turn) never
+        // counts, so every turn of a router-pinned chat is ranked again.
+        const userChatPin = storedConversation?.peerSource === 'user' ? storedConversation.pinnedModel : null;
+        const aliasTarget = userChatPin ?? (conversationSelection ? null : this._defaultRoutedModel);
+        // Reuse disconnect cancellation for both the recommendation and the eventual inference call.
+        const clientAbortController = new AbortController();
+        const onClientAbort = () => {
+            if (clientAbortController.signal.aborted)
+                return;
+            clientAbortController.abort();
+            log(`Client disconnected; aborting upstream request reqId=${serializedReq.requestId.slice(0, 8)}`);
+        };
+        req.once('close', () => {
+            if (!req.complete && !res.writableEnded)
+                onClientAbort();
+        });
+        res.once('close', () => {
+            if (!res.writableEnded)
+                onClientAbort();
+        });
+        // Explicit model/seller choices bypass recommendations, even when the default is a router.
+        // A system-proxy connection's model was assigned at connect time, not chosen by the tool:
+        // under a router it stands for the automatic alias, unless this chat is pinned. The request
+        // is only rewritten once the router path is certain (below), so a request that goes direct
+        // keeps its connect-time model.
+        const systemRoutedAsAlias = routerSelection !== null && systemRoutedModel && storedConversation?.peerSource !== 'user';
+        const rawService = systemRoutedAsAlias ? ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS : extractRequestedService(serializedReq);
+        // `<routerPeer>@<routingServiceId>`: the request names a routing service as
+        // its model, so that router picks the model and seller for this request.
+        const routerPinSource = rawService === ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS
+            ? aliasTarget
+            : systemRoutedModel && userChatPin ? userChatPin : rawService;
+        const pinnedRouter = await this._resolvePinnedRouter(routerPinSource);
+        const autoRequested = routerSelection !== null
+            && rawService === ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS;
+        const chatModelPin = storedConversation?.peerSource === 'user' ? chatPinnedModel : null;
+        if (autoRequested && chatModelPin) {
+            serializedReq = withRoutedModel(serializedReq, chatModelPin);
+        }
+        const useModelRouter = pinnedRouter !== null || (autoRequested && !chatModelPin
+            && !getExplicitPeerIdOverride(serializedReq, effectivePinnedPeer ?? undefined));
+        if (useModelRouter && systemRoutedAsAlias) {
+            serializedReq = withRoutedModel(serializedReq, ROUTED_MODEL_ALIAS);
+        }
+        // A request without `routing` uses the saved router settings (options,
+        // model allow list) when it pins the router those settings belong to;
+        // a request's own `routing` options override the saved ones key by key.
+        const savedRouter = this._defaultRouter;
+        const savedForPinned = pinnedRouter && savedRouter && sameRoutingServiceTarget(savedRouter.service, pinnedRouter.service)
+            ? structuredClone(savedRouter)
+            : null;
+        const baseSelection = pinnedRouter ? savedForPinned ?? pinnedRouter : routerSelection;
+        const activeSelection = baseSelection && Object.keys(routingOptions).length > 0
+            ? { ...baseSelection, options: { ...baseSelection.options, ...routingOptions } }
+            : baseSelection;
+        const context = {
+            request: serializedReq, requiredParameters, requestPolicy, signal: clientAbortController.signal,
+            systemRoutedModel, conversationIdentity, conversationBody, storedConversation,
+            effectivePinnedPeer, effectiveRoutedModel, chatPinnedModel,
+            preferredConversationPeerId,
+            // Cache-reuse observations only feed a router, so skip them when none is configured.
+            routingConversationKey: activeSelection ? routingConversationKey : null,
+            spendAttributionTag,
+        };
+        // Both paths return an inference answer; only the router path buys a recommendation first.
+        if (activeSelection && useModelRouter) {
+            if (invalidRouting) {
+                sendJson(res, 400, { error: { type: 'invalid_request_error', code: 'invalid_routing', message: invalidRouting, param: 'routing' } });
+                return;
+            }
+            const refusal = await this._routerRefusal(activeSelection, requestPolicy);
+            if (refusal) {
+                log(`Routing service refused before ranking: ${refusal.error.message}`);
+                sendJson(res, 403, refusal);
+                return;
+            }
+            await this._dispatchViaModelRouter(res, context, activeSelection);
+        }
+        else {
+            await this._dispatchDirectModelRequest(res, context);
+        }
+    }
+    /**
+     * Buy ranked recommendations, then send each one through the normal inference path
+     * until one succeeds. A failed exact peer falls back to the next recommendation.
+     */
+    async _dispatchViaModelRouter(res, context, selection) {
+        const { request, requiredParameters, requestPolicy, signal, routingConversationKey, spendAttributionTag } = context;
+        const conversationId = this._trackRouterConversation(context);
+        if (conversationId && selection.service)
+            this._conversations.setLastRouter(conversationId, `${selection.service.peerId}@${selection.service.serviceId}`);
+        let recommendations;
+        try {
+            const client = this._modelRoutingClient;
+            if (!selection.service)
+                throw new Error('Select an exact routing-service target');
+            const peers = await this._getPeers();
+            // The router may only recommend destinations the buyer's own policies allow.
+            const candidates = eligibleRouterCandidates(request, peers, requiredParameters, this._routingPreferences, (policyRequest, peer) => peerAllowedByPolicy(this._node.router, policyRequest, peer)
+                && this._routerCandidateAllowedByRequestPolicy(requestPolicy, policyRequest, peer)
+                && !isCoolingDown(this._peerHealth.get(peer.peerId), this._now()));
+            recommendations = await executeRouterSelection({
+                node: this._node, client, request, peers, candidates,
+                conversationKey: routingConversationKey, selection, modelsCache: this._routingModels,
+                ...(request.headers[BUYER_IDENTITY_HEADER] ? { buyerIdentity: request.headers[BUYER_IDENTITY_HEADER] } : {}),
+                signal: AbortSignal.any([signal, AbortSignal.timeout(120_000)]),
+                onRoutingRequest: requestId => {
+                    if (spendAttributionTag)
+                        this._spendAttribution.track(requestId, spendAttributionTag);
+                    if (conversationId)
+                        this._trackRequestConversation(requestId, conversationId, undefined, 'routing');
+                },
+            });
+        }
+        catch (error) {
+            // Report routing failures rather than silently choosing a model for the user.
+            const message = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
+            if (error instanceof InvalidRouterOptionsError) {
+                sendJson(res, 400, { error: { type: 'invalid_request_error', code: 'invalid_routing', message, param: 'routing' } });
+                return;
+            }
+            writeDispatchFailure(res, error instanceof NoEligibleCandidatesError
+                ? dispatchFailure(422, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
+                    error: { type: 'invalid_request_error', code: 'no_eligible_candidates', message },
+                }))
+                : dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
+                    error: { type: 'routing_error', message },
+                })));
+            return;
+        }
+        let lastFailure = null;
+        for (const recommendation of recommendations) {
+            // Never switch sellers once the user has disconnected or a response has started.
+            if (signal.aborted || res.headersSent || res.writableEnded)
+                return;
+            // Each attempt has its own billing ID, but all attempts count as one chat turn.
+            const attempt = requestForRecommendation(request, recommendation, randomUUID());
+            if (spendAttributionTag)
+                this._spendAttribution.track(attempt.requestId, spendAttributionTag);
+            if (conversationId)
+                this._trackRequestConversation(attempt.requestId, conversationId, request.requestId);
+            const result = await this._dispatchInference(res, context, attempt, conversationId);
+            if (result.done)
+                return;
+            lastFailure = result;
+            // Only try the next recommendation after a clear seller refusal, never after an ambiguous
+            // transport failure or timeout (the seller may have done paid work) or a buyer-side fault.
+            if (result.errorMessage !== null || isBuyerFault(result) || !RECOMMENDATION_FALLBACK_STATUS_CODES.has(result.statusCode))
+                break;
+            log(`Recommendation ${recommendation.peerId ? `${recommendation.peerId.slice(0, 12)}...@` : ''}${recommendation.serviceId} failed (${result.statusCode}); trying the next recommendation.`);
+        }
+        if (signal.aborted)
+            return;
+        writeDispatchFailure(res, lastFailure ?? dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
+            error: { type: 'routing_error', message: 'No recommended destination could serve this request' },
+        })));
+    }
+    /**
+     * The router selection a `<peerId>@<serviceId>` model names, when that
+     * peer's routing service is `<serviceId>`. A peer missing from the cache
+     * gets one refresh first, so a router that just came online is not taken
+     * for a seller. Still missing, the pin goes down the seller-pin path, which
+     * reports the peer as unreachable.
+     */
+    async _resolvePinnedRouter(model) {
+        const pin = model ? parsePeerPinnedService(model) : null;
+        if (!pin)
+            return null;
+        let peers = await this._getPeers();
+        if (!peers.some((peer) => peer.peerId.toLowerCase() === pin.peerId)) {
+            peers = await this._getPeers({ forceRefresh: true });
+        }
+        const service = findPinnedRoutingService(peers, pin.peerId, pin.service);
+        return service ? { kind: 'router', service } : null;
+    }
+    /**
+     * Why a routing service may not be paid, the way a pinned seller is judged:
+     * the gateway policy's model allow list (the router's service id counts as
+     * its model), its seller rules and strict model routes, and the buyer's
+     * hard limits, all through `routingServicePolicy`. Empty when allowed.
+     */
+    _routerExclusionReasons(peer, serviceId, requestPolicy) {
+        const facts = this._policyFacts(peer, null);
+        const reasons = requestPolicy ? pinnedPeerExclusionReasons(routingServicePolicy(requestPolicy), facts, serviceId) : [];
+        if (requestPolicy && !policyAllowsModel(this._effectivePolicy(requestPolicy), serviceId))
+            reasons.unshift('model not allowed');
+        addBuyerConfigReasons(reasons, policyExclusionReasons(routingServicePolicy(this._buyerHardPolicy()), facts));
+        return reasons;
+    }
+    /** A 403 body when the policy forbids paying this router for a ranking; null when allowed or its peer is unknown. */
+    async _routerRefusal(selection, requestPolicy) {
+        const service = selection.service;
+        if (!service)
+            return null;
+        const peer = (await this._getPeers()).find((candidate) => candidate.peerId.toLowerCase() === service.peerId.toLowerCase());
+        if (!peer)
+            return null;
+        const reasons = this._routerExclusionReasons(peer, service.serviceId, requestPolicy);
+        if (reasons.length === 0)
+            return null;
+        const label = `${service.peerId.slice(0, 12)}...@${service.serviceId}`;
+        if (reasons[0] === 'model not allowed') {
+            return { error: { type: 'permission_error', code: 'model_not_allowed', param: 'model',
+                    message: `Routing service "${service.serviceId}" is not allowed by the routing policy.` } };
+        }
+        return { error: { type: 'permission_error', code: 'peer_not_allowed',
+                message: `Routing service ${label} is not allowed by the routing policy (${reasons.join('; ')}).` } };
+    }
+    _routerCandidateAllowedByRequestPolicy(requestPolicy, request, peer) {
+        if (!requestPolicy)
+            return true;
+        const provider = getExplicitProviderOverride(request);
+        const serviceId = extractRequestedService(request);
+        const offer = provider && serviceId ? findAdvertisedServiceOffer(peer, provider, serviceId) : null;
+        return offer !== null
+            && this._policyAllowsOffer(requestPolicy, peer, offer)
+            && policyExclusionReasons(this._buyerHardPolicy(), this._policyFacts(peer, offer)).length === 0;
+    }
+    /** Track a router-served chat before buying its recommendation, so routing costs are attributed. */
+    _trackRouterConversation(context) {
+        const { request, conversationIdentity, conversationBody, storedConversation } = context;
+        if (!conversationIdentity?.isUserThread)
+            return storedConversation?.id ?? null;
+        if (!storedConversation && isTitleGenerationRequest(conversationBody))
+            return null;
+        const { id } = this._conversations.touch({
+            tool: conversationIdentity.tool,
+            sessionKey: conversationIdentity.parentSessionKey ?? conversationIdentity.sessionKey,
+            snippet: storedConversation?.snippet ? null : extractFirstUserSnippet(conversationBody),
+            lastModel: null,
+        });
+        // Inference attempts link to this ID so fallbacks count as one chat turn.
+        this._trackRequestConversation(request.requestId, id);
+        return id;
+    }
+    /** Apply model aliases and chat pins, then attach inference to its conversation for accounting. */
+    _prepareInferenceRequest(res, context) {
+        const { effectiveRoutedModel, chatPinnedModel, systemRoutedModel, storedConversation, conversationIdentity, conversationBody } = context;
+        let serializedReq = context.request;
         let trackedConversationId = storedConversation?.id ?? null;
         // Resolve the `antseed` model alias to the session's default route first,
         // so the regular `<peerId>@<service>` pin rewrite below picks up the
@@ -2972,7 +3399,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                     param: 'model',
                 },
             }));
-            return;
+            return null;
         }
         if (aliasResult.substituted) {
             serializedReq = { ...serializedReq, body: aliasResult.body, headers: aliasResult.headers };
@@ -3035,10 +3462,32 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 this._trackRequestConversation(serializedReq.requestId, tracked.id);
             }
         }
+        return { request: serializedReq, conversationId: trackedConversationId };
+    }
+    /** Send a fixed-model or pinned-seller request without buying a model recommendation. */
+    async _dispatchDirectModelRequest(res, context) {
+        const prepared = this._prepareInferenceRequest(res, context);
+        if (!prepared)
+            return;
+        // No router chose this turn's model.
+        if (prepared.conversationId)
+            this._conversations.setLastRouter(prepared.conversationId, null);
+        const result = await this._dispatchInference(res, context, prepared.request, prepared.conversationId);
+        if (!result.done)
+            writeDispatchFailure(res, result);
+    }
+    /**
+     * Select a seller for the requested model (or the pinned seller) and send the request.
+     * Success is written to `res`; failures are returned so callers can fall back or report them.
+     */
+    async _dispatchInference(res, context, request, trackedConversationId) {
         // A chat switched while this request is in flight must keep the new route.
         const conversationPinAtRouting = trackedConversationId
             ? this._conversations.get(trackedConversationId)?.pinnedModel ?? null
             : null;
+        const nativeVideo = nativeVideoRoute(request);
+        let serializedReq = request;
+        const { requiredParameters, requestPolicy, signal, effectivePinnedPeer, preferredConversationPeerId, routingConversationKey } = context;
         const { body: servicePinBody, headers: servicePinHeaders, pinnedPeerId: bodyPinnedPeer, } = rewritePeerPinnedServiceInBody(serializedReq.body, serializedReq.headers);
         if (servicePinBody !== serializedReq.body) {
             serializedReq = { ...serializedReq, body: servicePinBody, headers: servicePinHeaders };
@@ -3046,24 +3495,6 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 log(`Model peer pin applied: peer=${bodyPinnedPeer.slice(0, 12)}...`);
             }
         }
-        const clientAbortController = new AbortController();
-        const onClientAbort = () => {
-            if (clientAbortController.signal.aborted) {
-                return;
-            }
-            clientAbortController.abort();
-            log(`Client disconnected; aborting upstream request reqId=${serializedReq.requestId.slice(0, 8)}`);
-        };
-        req.once('close', () => {
-            if (!req.complete && !res.writableEnded) {
-                onClientAbort();
-            }
-        });
-        res.once('close', () => {
-            if (!res.writableEnded) {
-                onClientAbort();
-            }
-        });
         const requestProtocol = detectRequestServiceApiProtocol(serializedReq);
         const requestedService = extractRequestedService(serializedReq);
         log(`Routing: protocol=${requestProtocol ?? 'null'} service=${requestedService ?? 'null'}`);
@@ -3078,8 +3509,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 + '  • Model name prefix:    <peerId>@<model>\n'
                 + '  • Session pin:          antseed buyer connection set --peer <peerId>\n'
                 + 'Discover peers with:       antseed network browse';
-            res.writeHead(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-            res.end(JSON.stringify({
+            return dispatchFailure(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
                 error: {
                     type: 'missing_routing_target',
                     code: 'missing_routing_target',
@@ -3093,26 +3523,22 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                     },
                 },
             }));
-            return;
         }
         if (requestPolicy && !policyAllowsModel(this._effectivePolicy(requestPolicy), requestedService)) {
-            sendJson(res, 403, {
+            return dispatchFailure(403, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
                 error: {
                     type: 'permission_error',
                     code: 'model_not_allowed',
                     message: `Model "${requestedService ?? 'unknown'}" is not allowed by the routing policy.`,
                     param: 'model',
                 },
-            });
-            return;
+            }));
         }
         // Discover peers
         const peers = await this._getPeers();
         if (peers.length === 0) {
             log('No sellers available');
-            res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-            res.end('No sellers available on the network. Is a seeder running?');
-            return;
+            return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, 'No sellers available on the network. Is a seeder running?');
         }
         if (!explicitPeerId && requestedService) {
             const selectModelPeers = (candidateSources) => selectCandidatePeersForRouting(candidateSources, requestProtocol, requestedService, explicitProvider, 'strict');
@@ -3147,8 +3573,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                         ? ` "${requestedService}" is a decision model; call POST /v1/systemone.`
                         : '';
                     log(`Request rejected: model ${requestedService} is served only via ${advertisedProtocols.join(', ')}`);
-                    res.writeHead(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-                    res.end(JSON.stringify({
+                    return dispatchFailure(400, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
                         error: {
                             type: 'unsupported_protocol',
                             code: 'unsupported_protocol',
@@ -3157,10 +3582,8 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                             supported_protocols: advertisedProtocols,
                         },
                     }));
-                    return;
                 }
-                res.writeHead(capabilityRequired ? 422 : 502, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-                res.end(JSON.stringify({
+                return dispatchFailure(capabilityRequired ? 422 : 502, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
                     error: capabilityRequired
                         ? {
                             type: 'required_capability_unavailable',
@@ -3175,7 +3598,6 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                             param: 'model',
                         },
                 }));
-                return;
             }
             let lastRetry = null;
             let lastVerificationError = null;
@@ -3187,8 +3609,8 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 if (unfunded && !isFree(selected))
                     continue;
                 if (this._verifier) {
-                    const makeReach = (chosenId) => makeVerifierReach(this._node, selected.peer, chosenId, clientAbortController.signal);
-                    const outcome = await this._verifyPeer(selected.peer, makeReach, clientAbortController.signal, requireVerified);
+                    const makeReach = (chosenId) => makeVerifierReach(this._node, selected.peer, chosenId, signal);
+                    const outcome = await this._verifyPeer(selected.peer, makeReach, signal, requireVerified);
                     if (!outcome.ok) {
                         lastVerificationError = `Peer ${selected.peer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... failed required verification (${outcome.reason ?? 'failed'}).`;
                         log(`${lastVerificationError} Trying the next model peer.`);
@@ -3200,33 +3622,28 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                         + `service="${selected.serviceId}" reputation=${selected.reputation} `
                         + `effective=${selected.effectiveReputationScore ?? 'unknown'} peer=${index + 1}/${candidates.length} `
                         + `attempt=${peerAttempt + 1}/${MODEL_RATE_LIMIT_MAX_ATTEMPTS_PER_PEER}`);
-                    const result = await this._dispatchToPeer(res, selected.request, selected.peer, modelPlans, requestProtocol, selected.serviceId, explicitProvider, router, false, clientAbortController.signal, requestPolicy !== null);
+                    const result = await this._dispatchToPeer(res, selected.request, selected.peer, modelPlans, requestProtocol, selected.serviceId, explicitProvider, router, false, signal, requestPolicy !== null, routingConversationKey);
                     if (result.done) {
                         // Only a seller that answered becomes the chat's route: an error
                         // must not pin later turns to it.
                         if (trackedConversationId && res.statusCode < 400) {
                             this._conversations.recordRoutedModel(trackedConversationId, `${selected.peer.peerId}@${selected.serviceId}`, conversationPinAtRouting);
                         }
-                        return;
+                        return result;
                     }
                     // Never retry a video on another seller: a create may already have
                     // started (and been charged), and follow-ups only exist on one seller.
-                    if (nativeVideo) {
-                        res.writeHead(result.statusCode, result.responseHeaders);
-                        res.end(result.responseBody);
-                        return;
-                    }
+                    if (nativeVideo)
+                        return result;
                     lastRetry = result;
-                    if (result.responseHeaders[ANTSEED_FAULT_ATTRIBUTION_HEADER]?.toLowerCase() === 'buyer') {
+                    if (isBuyerFault(result)) {
                         const freeLeft = candidates.slice(index + 1).some(isFree);
                         if (result.statusCode === 402 && freeLeft) {
                             unfunded = true;
                             log(`No deposits to pay peer ${selected.peer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}...; trying free sellers only.`);
                             break;
                         }
-                        res.writeHead(result.statusCode, result.responseHeaders);
-                        res.end(result.responseBody);
-                        return;
+                        return result;
                     }
                     const retrySamePeer = result.statusCode === 429
                         && peerAttempt + 1 < MODEL_RATE_LIMIT_MAX_ATTEMPTS_PER_PEER;
@@ -3234,28 +3651,20 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                         break;
                     const delayMs = rateLimitRetryDelayMs(result.responseHeaders, peerAttempt);
                     log(`Peer ${selected.peer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... is rate-limited; retrying in ${delayMs}ms.`);
-                    if (!await waitForRetry(delayMs, clientAbortController.signal))
-                        return;
+                    if (!await waitForRetry(delayMs, signal))
+                        return { done: true };
                 }
                 if (index + 1 < candidates.length) {
                     log(`Peer ${selected.peer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... failed retryably; trying next model peer.`);
                 }
             }
-            if (lastRetry) {
-                res.writeHead(lastRetry.statusCode, lastRetry.responseHeaders);
-                res.end(lastRetry.responseBody);
-            }
-            else {
-                res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-                res.end(JSON.stringify({
-                    error: {
-                        type: 'peer_verification_failed',
-                        code: 'peer_verification_failed',
-                        message: lastVerificationError ?? `No verified peer currently serves model "${requestedService}".`,
-                    },
-                }));
-            }
-            return;
+            return lastRetry ?? dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
+                error: {
+                    type: 'peer_verification_failed',
+                    code: 'peer_verification_failed',
+                    message: lastVerificationError ?? `No verified peer currently serves model "${requestedService}".`,
+                },
+            }));
         }
         const pinnedPeerId = explicitPeerId;
         // Narrow the candidate set to just the pinned peer (if we already know
@@ -3303,12 +3712,12 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                     : '--peer flag or session pin';
             const diagnostics = this._formatPeerSelectionDiagnostics(discoveredPeers);
             log(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... not discoverable in DHT (${logSource})`);
-            res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-            res.end(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... is not reachable right now. `
+            // Also the answer for a `<peerId>@<routingServiceId>` pin whose router
+            // is offline: an absent peer cannot be told apart from a seller.
+            return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, `Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... (seller or routing service) is not reachable right now. `
                 + 'It may be offline, not announcing, or temporarily unreachable. '
                 + 'Pick a different service in Discover or try again later. '
                 + diagnostics);
-            return;
         }
         if (routingPeers.length === 0) {
             const pinnedPeer = discoveredPeers.find((peer) => peer.peerId.toLowerCase() === pinnedPeerId) ?? null;
@@ -3323,20 +3732,16 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 if (!providers.includes(explicitProvider)) {
                     const providerList = providers.length > 0 ? providers.join(', ') : 'none';
                     log(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... does not offer explicit provider=${explicitProvider}`);
-                    res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-                    res.end(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... does not offer provider=${explicitProvider}. `
+                    return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, `Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... does not offer provider=${explicitProvider}. `
                         + `Available providers: ${providerList}. `
                         + 'Remove or change the x-antseed-provider header, or pick a different peer. '
                         + diagnostics);
-                    return;
                 }
             }
             log(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... filtered out by protocol/service match`);
-            res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-            res.end(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... does not support this request `
+            return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, `Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... does not support this request `
                 + `(${protocolLabel}, ${providerLabel}, ${serviceLabel}). `
                 + `Pick a different service in Discover. ${diagnostics}`);
-            return;
         }
         log(`Routing candidates: ${routingPeers.length} peer(s)`);
         const router = this._node.router;
@@ -3346,9 +3751,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
         // if an invariant breaks.
         if (!selectedPeer) {
             log(`Invariant: pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... present in DHT but missing from narrowed candidate list`);
-            res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-            res.end(`Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... is currently unreachable. Try again in a moment.`);
-            return;
+            return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, `Pinned peer ${pinnedPeerId.slice(0, 12)}... is currently unreachable. Try again in a moment.`);
         }
         const policyRouter = router;
         const selectedPlan = routingPlans.get(selectedPeer.peerId)
@@ -3358,8 +3761,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             ? findMissingRequiredParameters(selectedPeer, selectedPlan.provider, pinnedServiceId, requiredParameters)
             : requiredParameters;
         if (missingRequired.length > 0) {
-            res.writeHead(422, { 'content-type': 'application/json' });
-            res.end(JSON.stringify({
+            return dispatchFailure(422, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
                 error: {
                     type: 'required_capability_unavailable',
                     code: 'required_capability_unavailable',
@@ -3367,7 +3769,6 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                     param: REQUIRED_PARAMETERS_HEADER,
                 },
             }));
-            return;
         }
         const pinnedRequest = pinnedServiceId ? withRoutedModel(serializedReq, pinnedServiceId) : serializedReq;
         // A hard pin cannot escape the gateway's policy: an excluded seller is
@@ -3385,26 +3786,23 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
             addBuyerConfigReasons(reasons, policyExclusionReasons(this._buyerHardPolicy(), facts));
             if (reasons.length > 0) {
                 log(`Pinned peer ${selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... refused by routing policy: ${reasons.join('; ')}`);
-                sendJson(res, 403, {
+                return dispatchFailure(403, { 'content-type': 'application/json' }, JSON.stringify({
                     error: {
                         type: 'permission_error',
                         code: 'peer_not_allowed',
                         message: `Seller ${selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... is not allowed by the routing policy (${reasons.join('; ')}).`,
                     },
-                });
-                return;
+                }));
             }
         }
         if (!peerAllowedByPolicy(policyRouter, pinnedRequest, selectedPeer)) {
             log(`Pinned peer ${selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... filtered out by buyer routing policy`);
-            res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-            res.end(`Pinned peer ${selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... is outside your buyer routing policy. `
+            return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, `Pinned peer ${selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}... is outside your buyer routing policy. `
                 + 'Pick a different service in Discover or adjust your buyer pricing/reputation limits.');
-            return;
         }
         if (this._verifier) {
-            const makeReach = (chosenId) => makeVerifierReach(this._node, selectedPeer, chosenId, clientAbortController.signal);
-            const outcome = await this._verifyPeer(selectedPeer, makeReach, clientAbortController.signal, pinnedPolicy?.requireVerified === true);
+            const makeReach = (chosenId) => makeVerifierReach(this._node, selectedPeer, chosenId, signal);
+            const outcome = await this._verifyPeer(selectedPeer, makeReach, signal, pinnedPolicy?.requireVerified === true);
             const short = selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12);
             if (outcome.verified) {
                 log(`Verified ${short}... via ${outcome.sdk}`);
@@ -3413,23 +3811,17 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 log(`Verification ${outcome.sdk ? `(${outcome.sdk}) ` : ''}did not pass for ${short}...: ${outcome.reason ?? 'failed'}${outcome.ok ? ' (optional — routing anyway)' : ''}`);
             }
             if (!outcome.ok) {
-                res.writeHead(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' });
-                res.end(`Pinned peer ${short}... failed required verification (${outcome.reason ?? 'failed'}). `
+                return dispatchFailure(502, { 'content-type': 'text/plain' }, `Pinned peer ${short}... failed required verification (${outcome.reason ?? 'failed'}). `
                     + 'Pick a different peer, or run without --require-verifier.');
-                return;
             }
         }
         log(`Using pinned peer ${selectedPeer.peerId.slice(0, 12)}...`);
-        const result = await this._dispatchToPeer(res, pinnedRequest, selectedPeer, routingPlans, requestProtocol, requestedService, explicitProvider, router, true, clientAbortController.signal);
+        const result = await this._dispatchToPeer(res, pinnedRequest, selectedPeer, routingPlans, requestProtocol, requestedService, explicitProvider, router, true, signal, false, routingConversationKey);
         if (result.done && trackedConversationId && pinnedServiceId) {
             this._conversations.recordRoutedModel(trackedConversationId, `${selectedPeer.peerId}@${pinnedServiceId}`, conversationPinAtRouting);
         }
-        if (!result.done) {
-            // Pinned peer returned a retryable error. We never retry against another
-            // peer for an explicit pin, so surface the error to the client.
-            res.writeHead(result.statusCode, result.responseHeaders);
-            res.end(result.responseBody);
-        }
+        // A pinned peer is never retried against another peer; the caller reports any failure.
+        return result;
     }
     async _verifyPeer(peer, makeReach, signal, requireVerified = false) {
         const configured = this._verifier;
@@ -3514,7 +3906,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
      * was sent to the client (success or non-retryable error), or retry info if the
      * caller should try another peer.
      */
-    async _dispatchToPeer(res, serializedReq, selectedPeer, routePlanByPeerId, requestProtocol, requestedService, explicitProvider, router, pinned, requestSignal, gatewayRouted = false) {
+    async _dispatchToPeer(res, serializedReq, selectedPeer, routePlanByPeerId, requestProtocol, requestedService, explicitProvider, router, pinned, requestSignal, gatewayRouted = false, routingConversationKey = null) {
         const gatewayAutoRoute = gatewayRouted && !pinned;
         const selectedRoutePlan = routePlanByPeerId.get(selectedPeer.peerId)
             ?? resolvePeerRoutePlan(selectedPeer, requestProtocol, requestedService, explicitProvider, 'lenient');
@@ -3651,6 +4043,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                         }
                     },
                 }, { signal: requestSignal, pinned, ...(buyerIdentity ? { buyerIdentity } : {}) });
+                recordRouterUsage(this._modelRoutingClient, routingConversationKey, requestForPeer, response, selectedPeer, requestSignal);
                 let responseForClient = adaptBuyerFaultErrorResponse(response, requestProtocol);
                 responseForClient = adaptPeerResponse(responseForClient);
                 if (!streamed
@@ -3726,6 +4119,7 @@ export class BuyerProxy {
                 if (upstreamResponse.statusCode >= 400 && !adaptResponse) {
                     log(`Upstream raw error detail: ${summarizeErrorResponse(upstreamResponse)}`);
                 }
+                recordRouterUsage(this._modelRoutingClient, routingConversationKey, requestForPeer, upstreamResponse, selectedPeer, requestSignal);
                 // Only the seller that accepted a video job knows its ID. Remember and
                 // persist job ID -> seller so later retrieve requests (even
                 // after a proxy restart) are pinned back to that seller.