@anteros/core 0.0.40 → 0.0.41

package/database/replication.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,780 @@
+import { MongoClient, ObjectId, type Db } from "mongodb";
+import { cfg } from "../server/config";
+import { getTenant } from "./tenant";
+import { useRest } from "./rest";
+import { logger } from "../utils/logger";
+import * as func from "../utils/func";
+import type { Collection } from "../types/collection";
+import type { Tenant } from "../types/tenant";
+import type { HookContext } from "../types/hook";
+import type {
+    ReplicationConfig,
+    ReplicationDestination,
+    ReplicationInitialSync,
+    ReplicationResetOptions,
+    ReplicationResetResult,
+    ReplicationRunResult,
+    ReplicationSeedOptions,
+    ReplicationSeedResult,
+    ReplicationSeedValue,
+    ReplicationState,
+    ReplicationStats,
+} from "../types/replication";
+
+const META_COLLECTION = "_replication_";
+const DEFAULT_KEY = "updatedAt";
+const DEFAULT_BATCH = 1000;
+/** MongoDB `bulkWrite` is capped per call — split batches into chunks of this size. */
+const BULK_CHUNK = 1000;
+/** Distributed-lock TTL used to guard a run across cluster workers. */
+const LOCK_TTL = 5 * 60_000;
+
+type Runtime = {
+    tenantId: string;
+    destination: ReplicationDestination;
+    client: MongoClient;
+    db: Db;
+    running: boolean;
+};
+
+type Job = { tenant: string; stop: () => void };
+
+const runtimes = new Map<string, Runtime>();
+const jobs: Job[] = [];
+/** Ensured indexes / collections — avoids re-creating them on every run. */
+const ensured = new Set<string>();
+let started = false;
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Config                                                              */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+function resolveConfig(tenant: Tenant): ReplicationConfig | null {
+    const config = tenant.replication;
+    if (!config) return null;
+    if (config.enabled === false) return null;
+    if (!config.destinations?.length) return null;
+    validateReplication(config);
+    return config;
+}
+
+function validateReplication(config: ReplicationConfig): void {
+    for (const destination of config.destinations ?? []) {
+        if (!destination.id || !String(destination.id).trim()) {
+            throw new Error("replication.destinations[].id is required");
+        }
+        if (!destination.uri || !String(destination.uri).trim()) {
+            throw new Error(`replication.destinations['${destination.id}'].uri is required`);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+function resolveKey(collection: Collection, config: ReplicationConfig): string {
+    return collection.replication?.key ?? config.key ?? DEFAULT_KEY;
+}
+
+function stateIdFor(tenantId: string, destinationId: string, collection: string): string {
+    return `rep:${tenantId}:${destinationId}:${collection}`;
+}
+
+function deleteMarkerId(collection: Collection, docId: string): string {
+    return `rep.delete:${collection._tenant_}:${collection.slug}:${docId}`;
+}
+
+function filterCollections(collections: Collection[], destination: ReplicationDestination): Collection[] {
+    if (!destination.collections?.length) return collections;
+    const wanted = new Set(destination.collections);
+    return collections.filter((c) => wanted.has(c.slug));
+}
+
+function runtimesFor(tenantId: string): Runtime[] {
+    return [...runtimes.values()].filter((rt) => rt.tenantId === tenantId && rt.destination.enabled !== false);
+}
+
+/** Active destination ids that must apply deletes for the given collection. */
+function deleteDestinationsFor(config: ReplicationConfig, collection: Collection): string[] {
+    return (config.destinations ?? [])
+        .filter((d) => d.enabled !== false && d.id && d.uri)
+        .filter((d) => !d.collections?.length || d.collections.includes(collection.slug))
+        .map((d) => d.id);
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Incremental helpers                                                 */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+/**
+ * `key > cursor.value` OR (`key == cursor.value` AND `_id > cursor.id`).
+ * The `_id` tie-breaker guarantees no document is skipped or duplicated when
+ * several documents share the same timestamp.
+ */
+function incrementalFilter(key: string, cursor: { value: any; id: any } | null): Record<string, any> {
+    if (!cursor || cursor.value === null || cursor.value === undefined) return {};
+    return {
+        $or: [
+            { [key]: { $gt: cursor.value } },
+            { [key]: cursor.value, _id: { $gt: cursor.id } },
+        ],
+    };
+}
+
+/** Combine a collection's base filter (if any) with the incremental cursor filter. */
+function mergedFilter(base: Record<string, any> | undefined, incremental: Record<string, any>): Record<string, any> {
+    if (!base) return incremental;
+    return Object.keys(incremental).length ? { $and: [base, incremental] } : base;
+}
+
+/** Rewind the cursor by `lookback` ms to catch out-of-order / clock-skewed writes. */
+function applyLookback(cursor: { value: any; id: any } | null, lookback: number): { value: any; id: any } | null {
+    if (!cursor || cursor.value === null || cursor.value === undefined || !lookback) return cursor;
+    const value = cursor.value instanceof Date ? new Date(cursor.value.getTime() - lookback) : cursor.value;
+    return { value, id: cursor.id };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the initial cursor from `initialSync` — used only when no
+ * `_replication_` state exists yet (first run), so a pre-loaded destination can
+ * skip the full backfill.
+ * - `"full"` → no filter (backfill everything)
+ * - `"skip"` → start from now
+ * - `"latest"` → max `(key, _id)` of the source
+ * - ISO string / `Date` → start from that date
+ */
+async function resolveInitialSync(source: any, key: string, initialSync: ReplicationInitialSync): Promise<{ value: any; id: any } | null> {
+    if (initialSync === "full") return null;
+    if (initialSync === "skip") return { value: new Date(), id: null };
+    if (initialSync === "latest") {
+        const docs = await source.find().sort({ [key]: -1, _id: -1 } as any).limit(1).toArray();
+        const last = docs[0];
+        if (last) return { value: last[key] ?? null, id: last._id ?? null };
+        return null;
+    }
+    const value = initialSync instanceof Date ? initialSync : new Date(initialSync);
+    return { value, id: null };
+}
+
+function toId(value: any): any {
+    if (value instanceof ObjectId) return value;
+    if (typeof value === "string" && ObjectId.isValid(value)) return new ObjectId(value);
+    return value;
+}
+
+/** Retry a transient operation with exponential backoff. */
+async function withRetry<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, attempts = 3, baseMs = 250): Promise<T> {
+    let lastError: any;
+    for (let i = 0; i < attempts; i++) {
+        try {
+            return await fn();
+        } catch (err: any) {
+            lastError = err;
+            if (i < attempts - 1) await Bun.sleep(baseMs * Math.pow(2, i));
+        }
+    }
+    throw lastError;
+}
+
+async function ensureIndex(db: Db, slug: string, key: string, scope: string): Promise<void> {
+    const cacheKey = `${scope}:${db.databaseName}:${slug}:${key}`;
+    if (ensured.has(cacheKey)) return;
+    ensured.add(cacheKey);
+    try {
+        const exists = await db.listCollections({ name: slug }).toArray();
+        if (!exists.length) {
+            try { await db.createCollection(slug); } catch { /* created concurrently */ }
+        }
+        const col = db.collection(slug);
+        try { await col.createIndex({ [key]: 1, _id: 1 }); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+        try { await col.createIndex({ createdAt: -1, updatedAt: -1 }); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    } catch (err: any) {
+        logger.file("warn", "replication: failed to ensure collection/index", { collection: slug, scope, error: err?.message });
+    }
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* State (`_replication_`)                                             */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+async function saveState(
+    meta: any,
+    stateId: string,
+    tenant: Tenant,
+    runtime: Runtime,
+    collection: Collection,
+    key: string,
+    cursor: { value: any; id: any },
+    stats: ReplicationStats,
+    status: ReplicationState["status"],
+    error: string | null,
+): Promise<void> {
+    const now = new Date();
+    await meta.updateOne(
+        { _id: stateId },
+        {
+            $set: {
+                type: "state",
+                tenant: tenant.id,
+                destination: runtime.destination.id,
+                collection: collection.slug,
+                key,
+                cursor,
+                lastRunAt: now,
+                status,
+                error,
+                stats: { ...stats },
+                updatedAt: now,
+            },
+            $setOnInsert: { createdAt: now },
+        },
+        { upsert: true },
+    );
+}
+
+async function markError(meta: any, stateId: string, error: string): Promise<void> {
+    const now = new Date();
+    await meta.updateOne(
+        { _id: stateId },
+        { $set: { status: "error", error, updatedAt: now }, $setOnInsert: { createdAt: now } },
+        { upsert: true },
+    ).catch(() => {});
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Deletes (hook + tombstone)                                          */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+async function recordDeletes(collection: Collection, ctx: HookContext): Promise<void> {
+    if (ctx.action !== "deleteOne" && ctx.action !== "deleteMany") return;
+    const ids: string[] = ctx.action === "deleteOne"
+        ? (ctx.meta.id ? [String(ctx.meta.id)] : [])
+        : (ctx.meta.ids ?? []).map((id) => String(id));
+    if (!ids.length) return;
+
+    const db = (ctx.rest as any)?.db as Db | undefined;
+    if (!db) return;
+
+    const meta = db.collection(META_COLLECTION);
+    const now = new Date();
+    const ops = ids.map((docId) => {
+        const _id = deleteMarkerId(collection, docId);
+        return {
+            replaceOne: {
+                filter: { _id },
+                replacement: {
+                    _id,
+                    type: "delete",
+                    tenant: collection._tenant_,
+                    collection: collection.slug,
+                    docId,
+                    deletedAt: now,
+                    synced: [],
+                    updatedAt: now,
+                },
+                upsert: true,
+            },
+        };
+    });
+    await meta.bulkWrite(ops as any, { ordered: false });
+}
+
+function instrumentCollection(collection: Collection): void {
+    if (!collection.hooks) collection.hooks = {};
+    const hooks: any = collection.hooks;
+    if (hooks._replicationDeleteHook) return;
+    const previous = collection.hooks.afterOperation;
+    collection.hooks.afterOperation = async (ctx: HookContext) => {
+        if (previous) await previous(ctx);
+        await recordDeletes(collection, ctx).catch((err) =>
+            logger.file("warn", "replication: failed to record delete", { collection: collection.slug, error: err?.message }),
+        );
+    };
+    hooks._replicationDeleteHook = true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Apply pending delete tombstones on the destination. The `key` guard prevents
+ * deleting a document that was re-inserted/updated after the deletion occurred.
+ */
+async function flushDeletes(
+    meta: any,
+    runtime: Runtime,
+    collection: Collection,
+    key: string,
+    batchSize: number,
+    expectedDestinations: string[],
+): Promise<{ deleted: number; processed: number }> {
+    const markers = await meta.find({
+        type: "delete",
+        collection: collection.slug,
+        synced: { $ne: runtime.destination.id },
+    }).limit(batchSize).toArray();
+    if (!markers.length) return { deleted: 0, processed: 0 };
+
+    const ops = markers.map((m: any) => ({
+        deleteOne: {
+            filter: { _id: toId(m.docId), [key]: { $lte: m.deletedAt } },
+        },
+    }));
+    const res = await withRetry(() => runtime.db.collection(collection.slug).bulkWrite(ops as any, { ordered: false }));
+    const applied = (res as any).deletedCount ?? 0;
+
+    await meta.updateMany(
+        { _id: { $in: markers.map((m: any) => m._id) } },
+        { $addToSet: { synced: runtime.destination.id }, $set: { updatedAt: new Date() } },
+    );
+
+    // Purge tombstones fully applied by every expected destination.
+    if (expectedDestinations.length) {
+        await meta.deleteMany({
+            type: "delete",
+            collection: collection.slug,
+            synced: { $all: expectedDestinations },
+        }).catch(() => {});
+    }
+
+    return { deleted: applied, processed: markers.length };
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Bulk upsert                                                         */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+async function bulkUpsert(target: any, docs: any[]): Promise<{ inserted: number; updated: number; failed: number }> {
+    let inserted = 0;
+    let updated = 0;
+    let failed = 0;
+    for (let i = 0; i < docs.length; i += BULK_CHUNK) {
+        const slice = docs.slice(i, i + BULK_CHUNK);
+        const ops = slice.map((doc) => ({
+            replaceOne: { filter: { _id: doc._id }, replacement: doc, upsert: true },
+        }));
+        const res: any = await withRetry(() => target.bulkWrite(ops as any, { ordered: false }));
+        inserted += res.upsertedCount ?? 0;
+        updated += res.matchedCount ?? 0;
+        const writeErrors = (res as any).getWriteErrors?.() ?? [];
+        failed += writeErrors.length;
+        if (writeErrors.length) {
+            logger.file("warn", "replication: bulkWrite errors", {
+                count: writeErrors.length,
+                sample: writeErrors.slice(0, 5).map((e: any) => e?.errmsg),
+            });
+        }
+    }
+    return { inserted, updated, failed };
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Replication                                                         */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+async function replicateCollection(
+    tenant: Tenant,
+    runtime: Runtime,
+    collection: Collection,
+    config: ReplicationConfig,
+    key: string,
+    meta: any,
+): Promise<ReplicationStats> {
+    const stateId = stateIdFor(tenant.id, runtime.destination.id, collection.slug);
+    const state = (await meta.findOne({ _id: stateId })) as ReplicationState | null;
+    let cursor = state?.cursor ?? { value: null, id: null };
+
+    const source = tenant.database.db!.collection(collection.slug);
+    const target = runtime.db.collection(collection.slug);
+    const batchSize = config.batchSize ?? DEFAULT_BATCH;
+    const lookback = config.lookback ?? 0;
+    const startedAt = Date.now();
+    const stats: ReplicationStats = { inserted: 0, updated: 0, deleted: 0, failed: 0, batches: 0, durationMs: 0 };
+
+    await ensureIndex(tenant.database.db!, collection.slug, key, "source");
+    await ensureIndex(runtime.db, collection.slug, key, `destination:${runtime.destination.id}`);
+
+    // Resolve the initial cursor on the first run — `initialSync` lets a
+    // pre-loaded destination skip the full backfill (`full` = default).
+    if (!state) {
+        const initialSync = collection.replication?.initialSync ?? config.initialSync;
+        if (initialSync !== undefined && initialSync !== "full") {
+            const seeded = await resolveInitialSync(source, key, initialSync);
+            if (seeded) cursor = seeded;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Optional per-collection document filter (used by `_vars_` to replicate only
+    // the opted-in namespaces).
+    const baseFilter = (collection as any)._baseFilter_ as Record<string, any> | undefined;
+
+    // Inserts and updates are always replicated: both refresh the date key, so
+    // the incremental cursor picks them up — there is no way (nor need) to tell
+    // them apart.
+    while (true) {
+        const docs = await source
+            .find(mergedFilter(baseFilter, incrementalFilter(key, applyLookback(cursor, lookback))) as any)
+            .sort({ [key]: 1, _id: 1 } as any)
+            .limit(batchSize)
+            .toArray();
+        if (!docs.length) break;
+
+        const { inserted, updated, failed } = await bulkUpsert(target, docs);
+        stats.inserted += inserted;
+        stats.updated += updated;
+        stats.failed += failed;
+        stats.batches += 1;
+
+        const last: any = docs[docs.length - 1];
+        if (!last) break;
+        cursor = { value: last[key] ?? null, id: last._id ?? null };
+
+        await saveState(meta, stateId, tenant, runtime, collection, key, cursor, stats, "running", null);
+        if (docs.length < batchSize) break;
+    }
+
+    // Deletes are always propagated too — a deleted document no longer exists, so
+    // a date cursor can never see it; they are captured by the hook + tombstone.
+    {
+        const expected = deleteDestinationsFor(config, collection);
+        while (true) {
+            const { deleted, processed } = await flushDeletes(meta, runtime, collection, key, batchSize, expected);
+            stats.deleted += deleted;
+            if (processed < batchSize) break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    stats.durationMs = Date.now() - startedAt;
+    await saveState(meta, stateId, tenant, runtime, collection, key, cursor, stats, "success", null);
+    return stats;
+}
+
+async function replicateTenant(
+    tenantId: string,
+    opts?: { destinationId?: string; collection?: string },
+): Promise<ReplicationRunResult[]> {
+    const tenant = getTenant(tenantId);
+    const config = tenant ? resolveConfig(tenant) : null;
+    const mainDb = tenant?.database?.db;
+    if (!tenant || !config || !mainDb) return [];
+
+    const collections = (cfg.collections ?? []).filter((c) => c._tenant_ === tenantId && c.replication?.enabled);
+
+    // File collections opt in the same way (`define.FileCollection({ replication })`).
+    collections.push(
+        ...(cfg.fileCollections ?? [])
+            .filter((c) => c._tenant_ === tenantId && c.replication?.enabled)
+            .map((c) => ({ slug: c.slug, _tenant_: tenantId, replication: c.replication }) as any),
+    );
+
+    // `define.Vars({ replication: { enabled: true } })` → replicate the opted-in
+    // namespaces of `_vars_`. A per-document filter keeps the namespaces that
+    // did NOT opt in (e.g. secrets) out of the destination.
+    const varsNamespaces = (cfg.vars ?? [])
+        .filter((v) => v._tenant_ === tenantId && v.replication?.enabled)
+        .map((v) => v.namespace);
+    if (varsNamespaces.length) {
+        collections.push({
+            slug: "_vars_",
+            _tenant_: tenantId,
+            replication: { enabled: true },
+            _baseFilter_: { ns: { $in: varsNamespaces } },
+        } as any);
+    }
+    const results: ReplicationRunResult[] = [];
+    const meta = mainDb.collection(META_COLLECTION);
+    const rest = new useRest({ tenant_id: tenantId });
+
+    for (const runtime of runtimesFor(tenantId)) {
+        if (opts?.destinationId && runtime.destination.id !== opts.destinationId) continue;
+        if (runtime.running) continue;
+
+        const lockName = `replication:${runtime.destination.id}`;
+        let locked = false;
+        try {
+            await rest.lock(lockName, LOCK_TTL);
+            locked = true;
+        } catch {
+            continue; // another node holds the lock
+        }
+
+        runtime.running = true;
+        try {
+            for (const collection of filterCollections(collections, runtime.destination)) {
+                if (opts?.collection && collection.slug !== opts.collection) continue;
+                const key = resolveKey(collection, config);
+                const startedAt = Date.now();
+                const totals: ReplicationStats = { inserted: 0, updated: 0, deleted: 0, failed: 0, batches: 0, durationMs: 0 };
+
+                try {
+                    const stats = await replicateCollection(tenant, runtime, collection, config, key, meta);
+                    Object.assign(totals, stats);
+                    totals.durationMs = Date.now() - startedAt;
+                    results.push({ tenant: tenantId, destination: runtime.destination.id, collection: collection.slug, ...totals });
+                } catch (err: any) {
+                    const message = err?.message ?? String(err);
+                    await markError(meta, stateIdFor(tenantId, runtime.destination.id, collection.slug), message);
+                    logger.file("error", "replication: collection failed", {
+                        tenant: tenantId, destination: runtime.destination.id, collection: collection.slug, error: message,
+                    });
+                    totals.durationMs = Date.now() - startedAt;
+                    results.push({ tenant: tenantId, destination: runtime.destination.id, collection: collection.slug, ...totals, error: message });
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            runtime.running = false;
+            if (locked) await rest.unlock(lockName).catch(() => {});
+        }
+    }
+
+    return results;
+}
+
+async function replicationNow(tenantId?: string): Promise<ReplicationRunResult[]> {
+    if (tenantId) return replicateTenant(tenantId);
+    const all: ReplicationRunResult[] = [];
+    for (const tenant of cfg.tenants ?? []) {
+        all.push(...(await replicateTenant(tenant.id)));
+    }
+    return all;
+}
+
+async function getReplicationState(tenantId: string, destinationId?: string, collection?: string): Promise<ReplicationState[]> {
+    const tenant = getTenant(tenantId);
+    const db = tenant?.database?.db;
+    if (!tenant || !db) return [];
+    const filter: Record<string, any> = { type: "state", tenant: tenantId };
+    if (destinationId) filter.destination = destinationId;
+    if (collection) filter.collection = collection;
+    return (await db.collection(META_COLLECTION).find(filter).toArray()) as unknown as ReplicationState[];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Forget replication progress for a tenant — deletes the `_replication_` state
+ * (cursor, stats, status), so the next run starts over. Destination data is
+ * never touched: only the bookkeeping is cleared.
+ *
+ * Scope it with `destination` and/or `collection`. Pending delete tombstones are
+ * cleared too, unless the reset is scoped to a single destination (tombstones
+ * carry a shared `synced[]` list) or `tombstones: false`.
+ */
+async function resetReplication(
+    tenantId: string,
+    opts?: ReplicationResetOptions,
+): Promise<ReplicationResetResult> {
+    const tenant = getTenant(tenantId);
+    const db = tenant?.database?.db;
+    if (!tenant || !db) return { tenant: tenantId, state: 0, tombstones: 0 };
+
+    const meta = db.collection(META_COLLECTION);
+
+    const stateFilter: Record<string, any> = { type: "state", tenant: tenantId };
+    if (opts?.destination) stateFilter.destination = opts.destination;
+    if (opts?.collection) stateFilter.collection = opts.collection;
+    const stateRes = await meta.deleteMany(stateFilter);
+    const state = stateRes.deletedCount ?? 0;
+
+    let tombstones = 0;
+    if (opts?.tombstones !== false && !opts?.destination) {
+        const tombFilter: Record<string, any> = { type: "delete", tenant: tenantId };
+        if (opts?.collection) tombFilter.collection = opts.collection;
+        const tombRes = await meta.deleteMany(tombFilter);
+        tombstones = tombRes.deletedCount ?? 0;
+    }
+
+    logger.file("replication: reset", {
+        tenant: tenantId,
+        destination: opts?.destination ?? null,
+        collection: opts?.collection ?? null,
+        state,
+        tombstones,
+    });
+
+    return { tenant: tenantId, state, tombstones };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Set the starting point of replication for a tenant by writing the `_replication_`
+ * cursor — the counterpart of `reset()`. Use it from `beforeBoot` to start a
+ * replication from a given date (or `'now'` / `'latest'`) instead of backfilling.
+ *
+ * The date field is the collection's replication key (`replication.key`, default
+ * `updatedAt`). Scope with `destination` and/or `collection`.
+ */
+async function seedReplication(
+    tenantId: string,
+    value: ReplicationSeedValue,
+    opts?: ReplicationSeedOptions,
+): Promise<ReplicationSeedResult> {
+    const tenant = getTenant(tenantId);
+    const config = tenant ? resolveConfig(tenant) : null;
+    const mainDb = tenant?.database?.db;
+    if (!tenant || !config || !mainDb) return { tenant: tenantId, seeded: 0 };
+
+    const meta: any = mainDb.collection(META_COLLECTION);
+    const collections = (cfg.collections ?? []).filter(
+        (c) => c._tenant_ === tenantId && c.replication?.enabled && (!opts?.collection || c.slug === opts.collection),
+    );
+    collections.push(
+        ...(cfg.fileCollections ?? [])
+            .filter((c) => c._tenant_ === tenantId && c.replication?.enabled && (!opts?.collection || c.slug === opts.collection))
+            .map((c) => ({ slug: c.slug, _tenant_: tenantId, replication: c.replication }) as any),
+    );
+    const destinations = (config.destinations ?? []).filter(
+        (d) => d.enabled !== false && d.id && d.uri && (!opts?.destination || d.id === opts.destination),
+    );
+
+    let seeded = 0;
+    for (const destination of destinations) {
+        for (const collection of filterCollections(collections, destination)) {
+            const key = resolveKey(collection, config);
+            const source = mainDb.collection(collection.slug);
+
+            // Resolve the cursor value (and its tie-breaker).
+            let cursor: { value: any; id: any };
+            if (value === "latest") {
+                const resolved = await resolveInitialSync(source, key, "latest");
+                if (!resolved) continue; // empty collection — nothing to seed from
+                cursor = { value: resolved.value, id: opts?.id ?? resolved.id };
+            } else if (value === "now") {
+                cursor = { value: new Date(), id: opts?.id ?? null };
+            } else {
+                cursor = { value: value instanceof Date ? value : new Date(value), id: opts?.id ?? null };
+            }
+
+            const stateId = stateIdFor(tenantId, destination.id, collection.slug);
+            const now = new Date();
+            await meta.updateOne(
+                { _id: stateId },
+                {
+                    $set: {
+                        type: "state",
+                        tenant: tenantId,
+                        destination: destination.id,
+                        collection: collection.slug,
+                        key,
+                        cursor,
+                        status: "idle",
+                        lastError: null,
+                        updatedAt: now,
+                    },
+                    $setOnInsert: { createdAt: now },
+                },
+                { upsert: true },
+            );
+            seeded++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    logger.file("replication: seeded", {
+        tenant: tenantId,
+        destinations: destinations.map((d) => d.id),
+        collection: opts?.collection ?? null,
+        value: value instanceof Date ? value.toISOString() : value,
+        seeded,
+    });
+
+    return { tenant: tenantId, seeded };
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+/* Scheduling / lifecycle                                              */
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+function scheduleTenant(tenant: Tenant, config: ReplicationConfig): void {
+    const run = () => {
+        replicateTenant(tenant.id).catch((err) =>
+            logger.file("error", "replication: scheduled run failed", { tenant: tenant.id, error: err?.message }),
+        );
+    };
+
+    if (config.schedule && "cron" in config.schedule) {
+        try {
+            const job: any = (Bun as any).cron(config.schedule.cron, run);
+            jobs.push({ tenant: tenant.id, stop: () => { try { job?.stop?.(); } catch { /* ignore */ } } });
+            logger.file("replication: scheduled", { tenant: tenant.id, cron: config.schedule.cron });
+            return;
+        } catch (err: any) {
+            logger.file("error", "replication: invalid cron expression", { tenant: tenant.id, cron: config.schedule.cron, error: err?.message });
+        }
+    }
+
+    const intervalValue = config.schedule && "interval" in config.schedule ? config.schedule.interval : undefined;
+    const interval = Math.max(1000, func.parseDuration(intervalValue ?? "5m") ?? 5 * 60_000);
+    const timer = setInterval(run, interval);
+    (timer as any)?.unref?.();
+    jobs.push({ tenant: tenant.id, stop: () => clearInterval(timer) });
+    logger.file("replication: scheduled", { tenant: tenant.id, intervalMs: interval });
+}
+
+async function startReplication(): Promise<void> {
+    if (started) return;
+    // In cluster mode (`reusePort` + workers), only the master process runs
+    // replication. Workers skip to avoid duplicate connections and timers — the
+    // distributed lock already serializes runs across processes.
+    if (process.env.BUN_WORKER !== undefined) return;
+    started = true;
+
+    for (const tenant of cfg.tenants ?? []) {
+        const config = resolveConfig(tenant);
+        const mainDb = tenant.database?.db;
+        if (!config || !mainDb) continue;
+
+        let connected = false;
+        for (const destination of config.destinations ?? []) {
+            if (destination.enabled === false || !destination.id || !destination.uri) continue;
+            const key = `${tenant.id}:${destination.id}`;
+            try {
+                if (runtimes.has(key)) { connected = true; continue; }
+                const client = new MongoClient(destination.uri, {
+                    serverSelectionTimeoutMS: 5000,
+                    connectTimeoutMS: 10000,
+                    ...(destination.options ?? {}),
+                });
+                await client.connect();
+                const db = destination.name ? client.db(destination.name) : client.db();
+                runtimes.set(key, { tenantId: tenant.id, destination, client, db, running: false });
+                connected = true;
+                logger.file("replication: destination connected", { tenant: tenant.id, destination: destination.id, database: db.databaseName });
+            } catch (err: any) {
+                logger.file("error", "replication: destination connection failed", { tenant: tenant.id, destination: destination.id, error: err?.message });
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!connected) continue;
+
+        // Deletes are always propagated: wrap `afterOperation` on every
+        // sync-enabled collection (file collections opt in the same way)
+        // so hard deletes leave a tombstone.
+        for (const collection of [...(cfg.collections ?? []), ...((cfg.fileCollections ?? []) as any[])]) {
+            if (collection._tenant_ === tenant.id && collection.replication?.enabled) {
+                instrumentCollection(collection);
+            }
+        }
+
+        scheduleTenant(tenant, config);
+
+        if (config.runOnBoot !== false) {
+            replicateTenant(tenant.id).catch((err) =>
+                logger.file("error", "replication: initial run failed", { tenant: tenant.id, error: err?.message }),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async function stopReplication(): Promise<void> {
+    for (const job of jobs) {
+        try { job.stop(); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+    jobs.length = 0;
+    for (const runtime of runtimes.values()) {
+        try { await runtime.client.close(); } catch { /* ignore */ }
+    }
+    runtimes.clear();
+    ensured.clear();
+    started = false;
+}
+
+export {
+    startReplication,
+    stopReplication,
+    replicationNow,
+    replicateTenant,
+    getReplicationState,
+    resetReplication,
+    seedReplication,
+};