@angular-wave/angular.ts 0.7.7 → 0.8.0

package/src/services/location/location.js

@@ -0,0 +1,999 @@
+import { trimEmptyHash, urlResolve } from "../../shared/url-utils/url-utils.js";
+import {
+  encodeUriSegment,
+  isDefined,
+  isNumber,
+  isObject,
+  isString,
+  isUndefined,
+  minErr,
+  parseKeyValue,
+  toKeyValue,
+  equals,
+  startsWith,
+} from "../../shared/utils.js";
+import { getBaseHref } from "../../shared/dom.js";
+import { $injectTokens as $t } from "../../injection-tokens.js";
+
+const PATH_MATCH = /^([^?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/;
+const $locationMinErr = minErr("$location");
+
+let urlUpdatedByLocation = false;
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * The pathname, beginning with "/"
+ * @type {string}
+ */
+let $$path;
+
+/**
+ * @type {Object.<string,boolean|Array>}
+ */
+let $$search;
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * The hash string, minus the hash symbol
+ * @type {string}
+ */
+let $$hash;
+
+export class Location {
+  /**
+   * @param {string} appBase application base URL
+   * @param {string} appBaseNoFile application base URL stripped of any filename
+   * @param {boolean} [html5] Defaults to true
+   * @param {string} [prefix] URL path prefix for html5 mode or hash prefix for hashbang mode
+   */
+  constructor(appBase, appBaseNoFile, html5 = true, prefix) {
+    /** @type {string} */
+    this.appBase = appBase;
+
+    /** @type {string} */
+    this.appBaseNoFile = appBaseNoFile;
+
+    /** @type {boolean} */
+    this.html5 = html5;
+
+    /** @type {string | undefined} */
+    this.basePrefix = html5 ? prefix || "" : undefined;
+
+    /** @type {string | undefined} */
+    this.hashPrefix = html5 ? undefined : prefix;
+
+    /**
+     * An absolute URL is the full URL, including protocol (http/https ), the optional subdomain (e.g. www ), domain (example.com), and path (which includes the directory and slug)
+     * with all segments encoded according to rules specified in [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
+     * @type {string}
+     */
+    this.absUrl = "";
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     * Current url
+     * @type {string}
+     */
+    this.$$url = undefined;
+
+    /**
+     * @ignore
+     * Callback to update browser url
+     * @type {Function}
+     */
+    this.$$updateBrowser = undefined;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * @param {string} url New URL without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
+   * @return {Location} url
+   */
+  setUrl(url) {
+    const match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
+    if (match[1] || url === "") this.setPath(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
+    if (match[2] || match[1] || url === "") this.setSearch(match[3] || "");
+    this.setHash(match[5] || "");
+
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return URL (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
+   *
+   * @return {string} url
+   */
+  getUrl() {
+    return this.$$url;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Change path parameter and return `$location`.
+   *
+   * @param {(string|number)} path New path
+   * @return {Location}
+   */
+  setPath(path) {
+    let newPath = path !== null ? path.toString() : "";
+    $$path = newPath.charAt(0) === "/" ? newPath : `/${newPath}`;
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   *
+   * Return path of current URL
+   *
+   * @return {string}
+   */
+  getPath() {
+    return $$path;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Changes the hash fragment when called with a parameter and returns `$location`.
+   * @param {(string|number)} hash New hash fragment
+   * @return {Location} hash
+   */
+  setHash(hash) {
+    $$hash = hash !== null ? hash.toString() : "";
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the hash fragment when called without any parameters.
+   * @return {string} hash
+   */
+  getHash() {
+    return $$hash;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the search part (as object) of current URL
+   *
+   * @param {string|Object} search New search params - string or hash object.
+   * @param {(string|number|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If search is a string or number, then paramValue will override only a single search property.
+   * @returns {Object} Search object or Location object
+   */
+  setSearch(search, paramValue) {
+    switch (arguments.length) {
+      case 1:
+        if (isString(search) || isNumber(search)) {
+          search = search.toString();
+          $$search = parseKeyValue(search);
+        } else if (isObject(search)) {
+          search = structuredClone(search, {});
+          // remove object undefined or null properties
+          Object.entries(search).forEach(([key, value]) => {
+            if (value == null) delete search[key];
+          });
+
+          $$search = search;
+        } else {
+          throw $locationMinErr(
+            "isrcharg",
+            "The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.",
+          );
+        }
+        break;
+      default:
+        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
+          delete $$search[search];
+        } else {
+          // @ts-ignore
+          $$search[search] = paramValue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    this.$$compose();
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the search part (as object) of current URL
+   *
+   * @returns {Object} Search object or Location object
+   */
+  getSearch() {
+    return $$search;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @private
+   * Compose url and update `url` and `absUrl` property
+   */
+  $$compose() {
+    this.$$url = normalizePath($$path, $$search, $$hash);
+    this.absUrl = this.html5
+      ? this.appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substring(1)
+      : this.appBase + (this.$$url ? this.hashPrefix + this.$$url : "");
+    urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+    setTimeout(() => this.$$updateBrowser && this.$$updateBrowser());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Change the history state object when called with one parameter and return `$location`.
+   * The state object is later passed to `pushState` or `replaceState`.
+   * See {@link https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/History/pushState#state|History.state}
+   *
+   * NOTE: This method is supported only in HTML5 mode and only in browsers supporting
+   * the HTML5 History API (i.e. methods `pushState` and `replaceState`). If you need to support
+   * older browsers (like IE9 or Android < 4.0), don't use this method.
+   * @param {any} state
+   * @returns {Location}
+   */
+  setState(state) {
+    if (!this.html5) {
+      throw $locationMinErr(
+        "nostate",
+        "History API state support is available only in HTML5 mode",
+      );
+    }
+    // The user might modify `stateObject` after invoking `$location.setState(stateObject)`
+    // but we're changing the $$state reference to $browser.state() during the $digest
+    // so the modification window is narrow.
+    this.$$state = isUndefined(state) ? null : state;
+    urlUpdatedByLocation = true;
+    return this;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return the history state object
+   * @returns {any}
+   */
+  getState() {
+    return this.$$state;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @param {string} url
+   * @param {string} relHref
+   * @returns {boolean}
+   */
+  parseLinkUrl(url, relHref) {
+    if (this.html5) {
+      if (relHref && relHref[0] === "#") {
+        // special case for links to hash fragments:
+        // keep the old url and only replace the hash fragment
+        this.setHash(relHref.slice(1));
+        return true;
+      }
+      let appUrl;
+      let prevAppUrl;
+      let rewrittenUrl;
+
+      if (isDefined((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(this.appBase, url)))) {
+        prevAppUrl = appUrl;
+        if (
+          this.basePrefix &&
+          isDefined((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(this.basePrefix, appUrl)))
+        ) {
+          rewrittenUrl =
+            this.appBaseNoFile + (stripBaseUrl("/", appUrl) || appUrl);
+        } else {
+          rewrittenUrl = this.appBase + prevAppUrl;
+        }
+      } else if (isDefined((appUrl = stripBaseUrl(this.appBaseNoFile, url)))) {
+        rewrittenUrl = this.appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
+      } else if (this.appBaseNoFile === `${url}/`) {
+        rewrittenUrl = this.appBaseNoFile;
+      }
+      if (rewrittenUrl) {
+        this.parse(rewrittenUrl);
+      }
+      return !!rewrittenUrl;
+    } else {
+      if (stripHash(this.appBase) === stripHash(url)) {
+        this.parse(url);
+        return true;
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Parse given HTML5 (regular) URL string into properties
+   * @param {string} url HTML5 URL
+   */
+  parse(url) {
+    if (this.html5) {
+      const pathUrl = stripBaseUrl(this.appBaseNoFile, url);
+      if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
+        throw $locationMinErr(
+          "ipthprfx",
+          'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".',
+          url,
+          this.appBaseNoFile,
+        );
+      }
+
+      parseAppUrl(pathUrl, true);
+
+      if (!$$path) {
+        $$path = "/";
+      }
+
+      this.$$compose();
+    } else {
+      const withoutBaseUrl =
+        stripBaseUrl(this.appBase, url) ||
+        stripBaseUrl(this.appBaseNoFile, url);
+      let withoutHashUrl;
+
+      if (!isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl) && withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) === "#") {
+        // The rest of the URL starts with a hash so we have
+        // got either a hashbang path or a plain hash fragment
+        withoutHashUrl = stripBaseUrl(this.hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl);
+        if (isUndefined(withoutHashUrl)) {
+          // There was no hashbang prefix so we just have a hash fragment
+          withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+        }
+      } else {
+        // There was no hashbang path nor hash fragment:
+        // If we are in HTML5 mode we use what is left as the path;
+        // Otherwise we ignore what is left
+        if (this.html5) {
+          withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl;
+        } else {
+          withoutHashUrl = "";
+          if (isUndefined(withoutBaseUrl)) {
+            this.appBase = url;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, false);
+
+      $$path = removeWindowsDriveName($$path, withoutHashUrl, this.appBase);
+
+      this.$$compose();
+
+      /*
+       * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
+       * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
+       * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
+       * pathname without a drive is set:
+       *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
+       *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
+       *
+       * Inside of AngularTS, we're always using pathnames that
+       * do not include drive names for routing.
+       */
+      function removeWindowsDriveName(path, url, base) {
+        /*
+        Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
+        such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
+        */
+        const windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;
+
+        let firstPathSegmentMatch;
+
+        // Get the relative path from the input URL.
+        if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+          url = url.replace(base, "");
+        }
+
+        // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
+        if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
+          return path;
+        }
+
+        firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
+        return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export class LocationProvider {
+  constructor() {
+    /** @type {string} */
+    this.hashPrefixConf = "!";
+
+    /** @type {import("./interface.ts").Html5Mode} */
+    this.html5ModeConf = {
+      enabled: true,
+      requireBase: false,
+      rewriteLinks: true,
+    };
+
+    /** @type {Array<import("./interface.ts").UrlChangeListener>} */
+    this.urlChangeListeners = [];
+    this.urlChangeInit = false;
+
+    /** @type {History['state']} */
+    this.cachedState = null;
+    /** @type {History['state']} */
+    this.lastHistoryState = null;
+    /** @type {string} */
+    this.lastBrowserUrl = window.location.href;
+    this.cacheState();
+  }
+
+  /// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // URL API
+  /// ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  /**
+   * Updates the browser's current URL and history state.
+   *
+   * @param {string|undefined} url - The target URL to navigate to.
+   * @param {*} [state=null] - Optional history state object to associate with the new URL.
+   * @returns {LocationProvider}
+   */
+  setUrl(url, state) {
+    if (state === undefined) {
+      state = null;
+    }
+    if (url) {
+      url = new URL(url).href;
+
+      if (this.lastBrowserUrl === url && this.lastHistoryState === state) {
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      this.lastBrowserUrl = url;
+      this.lastHistoryState = state;
+      history.pushState(state, "", url);
+      this.cacheState();
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the current URL with any empty hash (`#`) removed.
+   * @return {string}
+   */
+  getBrowserUrl() {
+    return trimEmptyHash(window.location.href);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the cached state.
+   * @returns {History['state']} The cached state.
+   */
+  state() {
+    return this.cachedState;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Caches the current state.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  cacheState() {
+    const currentState = history.state ?? null;
+    if (!equals(currentState, this.lastCachedState)) {
+      this.cachedState = currentState;
+      this.lastCachedState = currentState;
+      this.lastHistoryState = currentState;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Fires the state or URL change event.
+   */
+  #fireStateOrUrlChange() {
+    const prevLastHistoryState = this.lastHistoryState;
+    this.cacheState();
+    if (
+      this.lastBrowserUrl === this.getBrowserUrl() &&
+      prevLastHistoryState === this.cachedState
+    ) {
+      return;
+    }
+    this.lastBrowserUrl = this.getBrowserUrl();
+    this.lastHistoryState = this.cachedState;
+    this.urlChangeListeners.forEach((listener) => {
+      listener(trimEmptyHash(window.location.href), this.cachedState);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Registers a callback to be called when the URL changes.
+   *
+   * @param {import("./interface.js").UrlChangeListener} callback - The callback function to register.
+   * @returns void
+   */
+  #onUrlChange(callback) {
+    if (!this.urlChangeInit) {
+      window.addEventListener(
+        "popstate",
+        this.#fireStateOrUrlChange.bind(this),
+      );
+      window.addEventListener(
+        "hashchange",
+        this.#fireStateOrUrlChange.bind(this),
+      );
+      this.urlChangeInit = true;
+    }
+    this.urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
+  }
+
+  $get = [
+    $t.$rootScope,
+    $t.$rootElement,
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param {import('../../core/scope/scope.js').Scope} $rootScope
+     * @param {Element} $rootElement
+     * @returns {Location}
+     */
+    ($rootScope, $rootElement) => {
+      /** @type {Location} */
+      let $location;
+      const baseHref = getBaseHref(); // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
+      const initialUrl = trimEmptyHash(window.location.href);
+      let appBase;
+
+      if (this.html5ModeConf.enabled) {
+        if (!baseHref && this.html5ModeConf.requireBase) {
+          throw $locationMinErr(
+            "nobase",
+            "$location in HTML5 mode requires a <base> tag to be present!",
+          );
+        }
+        appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || "/");
+      } else {
+        appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
+      }
+      const appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
+
+      $location = new Location(
+        appBase,
+        appBaseNoFile,
+        this.html5ModeConf.enabled,
+        `#${this.hashPrefixConf}`,
+      );
+      $location.parseLinkUrl(initialUrl, initialUrl);
+
+      $location.$$state = this.state();
+
+      const IGNORE_URI_REGEXP = /^\s*(javascript|mailto):/i;
+
+      const setBrowserUrlWithFallback = (url, state) => {
+        const oldUrl = $location.getUrl();
+        const oldState = $location.$$state;
+        try {
+          this.setUrl(url, state);
+
+          // Make sure $location.getState() returns referentially identical (not just deeply equal)
+          // state object; this makes possible quick checking if the state changed in the digest
+          // loop. Checking deep equality would be too expensive.
+          $location.$$state = this.state();
+        } catch (e) {
+          // Restore old values if pushState fails
+          $location.setUrl(/** @type {string} */ (oldUrl));
+          $location.$$state = oldState;
+
+          throw e;
+        }
+      };
+
+      $rootElement.addEventListener(
+        "click",
+        /** @param {MouseEvent} event */
+        (event) => {
+          const rewriteLinks = this.html5ModeConf.rewriteLinks;
+          // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
+          // currently we open nice url link and redirect then
+
+          if (
+            !rewriteLinks ||
+            event.ctrlKey ||
+            event.metaKey ||
+            event.shiftKey ||
+            event.button === 2
+          ) {
+            return;
+          }
+          let elm = /** @type {HTMLAnchorElement} */ (event.target);
+
+          // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
+          while (elm.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "a") {
+            // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
+            // @ts-ignore
+            if (elm === $rootElement || !(elm = elm.parentElement)) return;
+          }
+
+          if (
+            isString(rewriteLinks) &&
+            isUndefined(elm.getAttribute(/** @type {string} */ (rewriteLinks)))
+          ) {
+            return;
+          }
+
+          let absHref = elm.href;
+          // get the actual href attribute - see
+          // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
+          const relHref =
+            elm.getAttribute("href") || elm.getAttribute("xlink:href");
+
+          if (
+            isObject(absHref) &&
+            absHref.toString() === "[object SVGAnimatedString]"
+          ) {
+            // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
+            // an animation.
+
+            const scvAnimatedString = /** @type {unknown} */ (absHref);
+            absHref = new URL(
+              /** @type {SVGAnimatedString } */ (scvAnimatedString).animVal,
+            ).href;
+          }
+
+          // Ignore when url is started with javascript: or mailto:
+          if (IGNORE_URI_REGEXP.test(absHref)) return;
+
+          if (
+            absHref &&
+            !elm.getAttribute("target") &&
+            !event.defaultPrevented
+          ) {
+            if ($location.parseLinkUrl(absHref, relHref)) {
+              // We do a preventDefault for all urls that are part of the AngularTS application,
+              // in html5mode and also without, so that we are able to abort navigation without
+              // getting double entries in the location history.
+              event.preventDefault();
+            }
+          }
+        },
+      );
+
+      // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
+      if ($location.absUrl !== initialUrl) {
+        this.setUrl($location.absUrl, true);
+      }
+
+      let initializing = true;
+
+      // update $location when $browser url changes
+      this.#onUrlChange((newUrl, newState) => {
+        if (!startsWith(newUrl, appBaseNoFile)) {
+          // If we are navigating outside of the app then force a reload
+          window.location.href = newUrl;
+          return;
+        }
+
+        Promise.resolve().then(() => {
+          const oldUrl = $location.absUrl;
+          const oldState = $location.$$state;
+          let defaultPrevented;
+          $location.parse(newUrl);
+          $location.$$state = newState;
+
+          defaultPrevented = $rootScope.$broadcast(
+            "$locationChangeStart",
+            newUrl,
+            oldUrl,
+            newState,
+            oldState,
+          ).defaultPrevented;
+
+          // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+          // processing this location change
+          if ($location.absUrl !== newUrl) return;
+
+          if (defaultPrevented) {
+            $location.parse(oldUrl);
+            $location.$$state = oldState;
+            setBrowserUrlWithFallback(oldUrl, oldState);
+          } else {
+            initializing = false;
+            afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+          }
+        });
+      });
+
+      // update browser
+      const updateBrowser = () => {
+        if (initializing || urlUpdatedByLocation) {
+          urlUpdatedByLocation = false;
+
+          const oldUrl = /** @type {string} */ (this.getBrowserUrl());
+          const newUrl = $location.absUrl;
+          const oldState = this.state();
+          const urlOrStateChanged =
+            !urlsEqual(oldUrl, newUrl) ||
+            ($location.html5 && oldState !== $location.$$state);
+
+          if (initializing || urlOrStateChanged) {
+            initializing = false;
+
+            setTimeout(() => {
+              const newUrl = $location.absUrl;
+              const { defaultPrevented } = $rootScope.$broadcast(
+                "$locationChangeStart",
+                newUrl,
+                oldUrl,
+                $location.$$state,
+                oldState,
+              );
+
+              // if the location was changed by a `$locationChangeStart` handler then stop
+              // processing this location change
+              if ($location.absUrl !== newUrl) return;
+
+              if (defaultPrevented) {
+                $location.parse(oldUrl);
+                $location.$$state = oldState;
+              } else {
+                if (urlOrStateChanged) {
+                  setBrowserUrlWithFallback(
+                    newUrl,
+                    oldState === $location.$$state ? null : $location.$$state,
+                  );
+                }
+                afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState);
+              }
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      };
+      $location.$$updateBrowser = updateBrowser;
+      updateBrowser();
+      $rootScope.$on("$updateBrowser", updateBrowser);
+
+      return $location;
+
+      function afterLocationChange(oldUrl, oldState) {
+        $rootScope.$broadcast(
+          "$locationChangeSuccess",
+          $location.absUrl,
+          oldUrl,
+          $location.$$state,
+          oldState,
+        );
+      }
+    },
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * ///////////////////////////
+ *     PRIVATE HELPERS
+ * ///////////////////////////
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Encodes a URL path by encoding each path segment individually using `encodeUriSegment`,
+ * while preserving forward slashes (`/`) as segment separators.
+ *
+ * This function first decodes any existing percent-encodings (such as `%20` or `%2F`)
+ * in each segment to prevent double encoding, except for encoded forward slashes (`%2F`),
+ * which are replaced with literal slashes before decoding to keep path boundaries intact.
+ *
+ * After decoding, each segment is re-encoded with `encodeUriSegment` according to RFC 3986,
+ * encoding only characters that must be encoded in a path segment.
+ *
+ * The encoded segments are then rejoined with `/` to form the encoded path.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path - The URL path string to encode. May contain multiple segments separated by `/`.
+ * @returns {string} The encoded path, where each segment is encoded, but forward slashes are preserved.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * encodePath("user profile/images/pic 1.jpg")
+ * // returns "user%20profile/images/pic%201.jpg"
+ *
+ * @example
+ * encodePath("folder1%2Fsub/folder2")
+ * // returns "folder1%2Fsub/folder2"
+ */
+export function encodePath(path) {
+  const segments = path.split("/");
+  let i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    // Decode any existing encodings (e.g. %20, %2F) to prevent double-encoding
+    // But keep slashes intact (they were split on)
+    const decodedSegment = decodeURIComponent(
+      segments[i].replace(/%2F/gi, "/"),
+    );
+    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(decodedSegment);
+  }
+
+  return segments.join("/");
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Decodes each segment of a URL path.
+ *
+ * Splits the input path by "/", decodes each segment using decodeURIComponent,
+ * and if html5Mode is enabled, re-encodes any forward slashes inside segments
+ * as "%2F" to avoid confusion with path separators.
+ *
+ * @param {string} path - The URL path to decode.
+ * @param {boolean} html5Mode - If true, encodes forward slashes in segments as "%2F".
+ * @returns {string} The decoded path with segments optionally encoding slashes.
+ */
+export function decodePath(path, html5Mode) {
+  const segments = path.split("/");
+  let i = segments.length;
+
+  while (i--) {
+    segments[i] = decodeURIComponent(segments[i]);
+    if (html5Mode) {
+      // encode forward slashes to prevent them from being mistaken for path separators
+      segments[i] = segments[i].replace(/\//g, "%2F");
+    }
+  }
+
+  return segments.join("/");
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Normalizes a URL path by encoding the path segments, query parameters, and hash fragment.
+ *
+ * - Path segments are encoded using `encodePath`, which encodes each segment individually.
+ * - Query parameters (`searchValue`) are converted to a query string using `toKeyValue`.
+ * - Hash fragment (`hashValue`) is encoded using `encodeUriSegment` and prefixed with `#`.
+ *
+ * This function returns a fully constructed URL path with optional query and hash components.
+ *
+ * @param {string} pathValue - The base URL path (e.g., "folder/item name").
+ * @param {Object.<string, any> | string | null} searchValue - An object or string representing query parameters.
+ *   - If an object, it can contain strings, numbers, booleans, or arrays of values.
+ *   - If a string, it is assumed to be a raw query string.
+ *   - If null or undefined, no query string is added.
+ * @param {string | null} hashValue - The URL fragment (everything after `#`). If null or undefined, no hash is added.
+ *
+ * @returns {string} The normalized URL path including encoded path, optional query string, and optional hash.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * normalizePath("products/list", { category: "books", page: 2 }, "section1")
+ * // returns "products/list?category=books&page=2#section1"
+ *
+ * @example
+ * normalizePath("user profile/images", null, null)
+ * // returns "user%20profile/images"
+ */
+export function normalizePath(pathValue, searchValue, hashValue) {
+  const search = toKeyValue(searchValue);
+  const hash = hashValue ? `#${encodeUriSegment(hashValue)}` : "";
+  const path = encodePath(pathValue);
+
+  return path + (search ? `?${search}` : "") + hash;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Parses the application URL and updates the location object with path, search, and hash.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - The URL string to parse.
+ * @param {boolean} html5Mode - Whether HTML5 mode is enabled (affects decoding).
+ * @throws Will throw an error if the URL starts with invalid slashes.
+ */
+export function parseAppUrl(url, html5Mode) {
+  if (/^\s*[\\/]{2,}/.test(url)) {
+    throw $locationMinErr("badpath", 'Invalid url "{0}".', url);
+  }
+
+  const prefixed = url.charAt(0) !== "/";
+  if (prefixed) {
+    url = `/${url}`;
+  }
+  const match = urlResolve(url);
+  const path =
+    prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === "/"
+      ? match.pathname.substring(1)
+      : match.pathname;
+  $$path = decodePath(path, html5Mode);
+  $$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
+  $$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);
+
+  // make sure path starts with '/';
+  if ($$path && $$path.charAt(0) !== "/") {
+    $$path = `/${$$path}`;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Returns the substring of `url` after the `base` string if `url` starts with `base`.
+ * Returns `undefined` if `url` does not start with `base`.
+ * @param {string} base
+ * @param {string} url
+ * @returns {string} returns text from `url` after `base` or `undefined` if it does not begin with
+ *                   the expected string.
+ */
+export function stripBaseUrl(base, url) {
+  if (startsWith(url, base)) {
+    return url.substring(base.length);
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Removes the hash fragment (including the '#') from the given URL string.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - The URL string to process.
+ * @returns {string} The URL without the hash fragment.
+ */
+export function stripHash(url) {
+  const index = url.indexOf("#");
+  return index === -1 ? url : url.substring(0, index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Removes the file name (and any hash) from a URL, returning the base directory path.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ * - Input: "https://example.com/path/to/file.js"
+ *   Output: "https://example.com/path/to/"
+ *
+ * - Input: "https://example.com/path/to/file.js#section"
+ *   Output: "https://example.com/path/to/"
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - The URL from which to strip the file name and hash.
+ * @returns {string} The base path of the URL, ending with a slash.
+ */
+export function stripFile(url) {
+  return url.substring(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Extracts the base server URL (scheme, host, and optional port) from a full URL.
+ *
+ * If no path is present, returns the full URL.
+ *
+ * For example:
+ * - Input: "https://example.com/path/to/file"
+ *   Output: "https://example.com"
+ *
+ * - Input: "http://localhost:3000/api/data"
+ *   Output: "http://localhost:3000"
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - The full URL to extract the server base from.
+ * @returns {string} The server base, including scheme and host (and port if present).
+ */
+export function serverBase(url) {
+  const start = url.indexOf("//") + 2;
+  const slashIndex = url.indexOf("/", start);
+  return slashIndex === -1 ? url : url.substring(0, slashIndex);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Determine if two URLs are equal despite potential differences in encoding,
+ * trailing slashes, or empty hash fragments, such as between $location.absUrl() and $browser.url().
+ *
+ * @param {string} a - First URL to compare.
+ * @param {string} b - Second URL to compare.
+ * @returns {boolean} True if URLs are equivalent after normalization.
+ */
+export function urlsEqual(a, b) {
+  return normalizeUrl(a) === normalizeUrl(b);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @ignore
+ * Normalize a URL by resolving it via a DOM anchor element,
+ * removing trailing slashes (except root), and trimming empty hashes.
+ *
+ * @param {string} url - URL to normalize.
+ * @returns {string} Normalized URL string.
+ */
+function normalizeUrl(url) {
+  const anchor = document.createElement("a");
+  anchor.href = url;
+
+  let normalized = anchor.href;
+
+  // Remove trailing slash unless it's root (e.g., https://example.com/)
+  if (normalized.endsWith("/") && !/^https?:\/\/[^/]+\/$/.test(normalized)) {
+    normalized = normalized.slice(0, -1);
+  }
+
+  // Remove empty hash (e.g., https://example.com/foo# -> https://example.com/foo)
+  if (normalized.endsWith("#")) {
+    normalized = normalized.slice(0, -1);
+  }
+
+  return normalized;
+}