@amboss/design-system 4.0.0-next.3 → 4.0.0-next.6

package/build/esm/components/EntityTree/treeListData.mock.js

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export const treeListData=[{id:"a",label:"a",children:[{id:"a.1",label:"a.1",children:[{id:"a.1.1",label:"a.1.1",children:[]},{id:"a.1.2",label:"a.1.2",children:[]}]}]},{id:"b",label:"b",children:[{id:"b.1",label:"b.1",children:[{id:"b.1.1",label:"b.1.1",children:[]}]}]}];export const hugeTreeData=[{type:"system",id:"L0/kf0mm2",label:"Human Development",children:[{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/df0oO2",label:"Diphtheria",children:[{type:"question",id:"lT0vI2",label:"Recall the culture characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Nf0-m2",label:"Listeriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"k1amSj",label:"Recognize neonatal meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, and recall its presentation in healthy adults.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZeaZxj",label:"Recall the function of HIV protease inhibitors, and recall the impact of mutations on antiretroviral drug resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b4aH3k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of HIV fusion inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/rf0fn2",label:"Candidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"dRaoN4",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of a systemic Candida infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ff0gL2",label:"Helminth infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"TRa6m4",label:"Recognize Ascaris lumbricoides infection, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/yf0dK2",label:"Diarrheagenic E. coli",children:[{type:"question",id:"g1aFTj",label:"Recognize enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection, and recall the mechanism of its heat-labile toxin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Af0RK2",label:"Poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"oz00Fi",label:"Recognize cyanide poisoning from sodium nitroprusside use, and recall its antidote.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZdaZoj",label:"Recognize Amanita phalloides poisoning, and recall its mechanism of hepatotoxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/_f05K2",label:"Hospital-acquired infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fy0gSi",label:"Recall the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hUac1P",label:"Recognize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, and recall the mechanism of antibiotic resistance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/YT0n62",label:"Gout and hyperuricemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"V3aGh4",label:"Recognize that elevated phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity is associated with gout.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yhanc4",label:"Recognize drug-induced lupus erythematosus, and recall the role of acetyltransferase activity in drug metabolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mT0Vr2",label:"Hodgkin lymphoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"34aSQk",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and recall its characteristic cell markers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/6T0j72",label:"Anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ty0XSi",label:"Recognize Fanconi anemia, and recall the associated genetic defect.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/8T0Os2",label:"Hemostasis and bleeding disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"F1agij",label:"Recall the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on vitamin K levels and warfarin activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Tg06u2",label:"Pheochromocytoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"fiakI4",label:"Recognize pheochromocytoma, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/4g03v2",label:"Obesity and metabolic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"teaX0P",label:"Recognize metabolic syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Og0Iv2",label:"Acute kidney injury",children:[{type:"question",id:"MfaM5P",label:"Recognize acute tubular necrosis, and recall its common causes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dS0oA2",label:"Clostridioides difficile infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"6bajuQ",label:"Recognize Clostridium difficile infection, and recall the properties of effective disinfectants against its spores.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/fS0k_2",label:"Lynch syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"JA0ski",label:"Recognize Lynch syndrome, and recall the associated gene mutations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/TS06_2",label:"Colorectal cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"imaJ2O",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic adults.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/3S0Sz2",label:"Pancreatic cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nja-0k",label:"Recognize the increased risk for specific malignancies associated with long-term tobacco smoking.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/kS0m-2",label:"Hepatitis A",children:[{type:"question",id:"D301kf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccine for a patient traveling to Mexico.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/OS0I-2",label:"Hepatitis B",children:[{type:"question",id:"PQ0Wwf",label:"Choose the appropriate postexposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B in non-responders to the vaccine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AKaRQl",label:"Recognize the need for hepatitis B screening in individuals from high-prevalence areas, and choose the most appropriate screening test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/IS0Yaf",label:"Wilson disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jeas-j",label:"Recall the inheritance pattern of Wilson disease, and recall the associated risk for offspring when both parents are carriers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ph0WVf",label:"Asthma",children:[{type:"question",id:"uOap8k",label:"Choose the pharmacotherapy for asthma that leads to downregulation of the high-affinity IgE receptor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"24aTik",label:"Recognize reactivated pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall the cell surface markers of macrophages.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/nh07ef",label:"Lung cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ay0R3i",label:"Recognize lung adenocarcinoma, and recall the associated genetic mutations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m8aVMm",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening study for lung cancer in a former smoker with a significant smoking history.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Kh0UUf",label:"Wound healing",children:[{type:"question",id:"VRaGN4",label:"Recall the role of myofibroblasts in wound healing and contracture formation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nKa7Sl",label:"Recognize a hypertrophic scar, and recall the role of transforming growth factor-beta in wound healing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qh0CUf",label:"Skin and soft tissue infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"FB0gci",label:"Recognize ecthyma gangrenosum, and recall its associated virulence factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/V30Ghf",label:"Cholelithiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"9faNoP",label:"Recognize acute cholangitis, and recall the cause of brown pigment gallstones.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/C30qkf",label:"Parkinson disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"-9aDJ5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for an elderly individual who experiences frequent falls.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ZR0Zlf",label:"Meningitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"_L05ZS",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and choose the appropriate vaccine to prevent this infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/HR0Kof",label:"Shingles",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vi0Gqf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccine for an immunocompetent adult over 50 years of age.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/uR0pKf",label:"Myotonic syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"fcakbj",label:"Recognize myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1, and recall the genetic property of anticipation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/vR0AKf",label:"Inborn errors of metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"uVapwj",label:"Recognize alkaptonuria, and recall its associated metabolic defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HjaKbk",label:"Recognize methylmalonic acidemia, and recall the enzyme deficiency it involves.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/li0v7f",label:"Polycystic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"-faDKP",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and recall its genetic defect locations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"GA0BOi",label:"Choose the most effective strategy to decrease the risk of central-line associated bloodstream infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-WaDLj",label:"Recall the resistance of prions to standard sterilization methods.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xkaEJk",label:"Recall the characteristics of nonenveloped viruses, and recall the disinfectants effective against them.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0maeVO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tqaXZN",label:"Recognize the limitations of chlorhexidine, and recall the characteristics of Clostridium tetani.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/HQ0Kxf",label:"Malignant bone tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"GK0B3S",label:"Recognize growing pains, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/FQ0gBf",label:"Paget disease of bone",children:[{type:"question",id:"R2alhP",label:"Recognize Paget disease of the bone, and recall its molecular pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/AQ0RAf",label:"Metal toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZJ0ZsS",label:"Recognize acute iron poisoning, and choose the appropriate chelation therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/sj0tbT",label:"Sinusitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZTaZ6P",label:"Recognize Kartagener syndrome, and recall the function of ciliated columnar cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dP0odT",label:"Pathology techniques",children:[{type:"question",id:"bhaHc4",label:"Recognize the clinical application of flow cytometry, and recall the diagnostic findings for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xNaEWO",label:"Recognize Nocardia asteroides as a weakly acid-fast organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"8A0Oli",label:"Recall the type of necrosis associated with brain infarcts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UiabI4",label:"Recognize features of apoptosis, and recall the role of mitochondrial cytochrome c.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P4aWjk",label:"Recall the histological features of anaplasia in thyroid cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"44a3jk",label:"Recall the role of caspases in apoptosis, and recognize thymic involution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8OaO8k",label:"Recall the mechanism of apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WlaPDk",label:"Recognize acute diverticulitis with abscess formation, and recall the role of lysosomal enzymes in suppurative inflammation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"55aikO",label:"Recognize chronic pancreatitis, and recall the concept of dystrophic calcification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bMaHMO",label:"Recognize acute kidney injury, and recall the reversible cellular changes due to hypoxic injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F6ag5l",label:"Recognize brain ischemia, and recall the effects of ATP depletion on cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/HP0KTT",label:"Elimination disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fo0gdS",label:"Recognize the normalcy of nocturnal enuresis in children under 5 years old, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/tP0XgT",label:"Sleep and sleep disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"zL0rZS",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for an elderly patient with changes in sleep architecture.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/b40H3T",label:"Child development and milestones",children:[{type:"question",id:"fK0kfS",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 13-month-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YJ0nsS",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 3-year-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WJ0PGS",label:"Recognize delayed fine motor development in an infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uq0bBS",label:"Recognize the developmental milestones of a 2-month-old infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2q0TBS",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 2-year-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dhao14",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 2-year-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CJaqwl",label:"Recognize that developmental milestones can vary between twins and reassure accordingly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gGaFAN",label:"Recognize delayed gross motor development in infants.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/U40biT",label:"Down syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"HaaKNQ",label:"Recognize the clinical features of Down syndrome, and recall the genetic mechanisms that can lead to this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/240TiT",label:"Rare inherited syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"beaHxj",label:"Recognize Zellweger syndrome, and recall its cellular pathology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ejaxz4",label:"Recognize Angelman syndrome, and recall its genetic mechanisms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/T406iT",label:"Sudden infant death syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"xCaE85",label:"Recognize the appropriate use and timing of pacifier introduction to prevent SIDS.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Q40uQT",label:"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rialr4",label:"Recognize the risk of hemorrhagic disease in newborns, and choose the appropriate supplement to prevent it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/L40wPT",label:"Cystic fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"iJ0JFS",label:"Choose the appropriate management for vitamin A deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g0aF2Q",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall the molecular basis of its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JNasXO",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall the function of the CFTR gene.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/D401lT",label:"Febrile seizures",children:[{type:"question",id:"QRau54",label:"Recognize simple febrile seizures, and recall the mechanism of action of antipyretics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/940NlT",label:"Neuroblastoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"vIaAeN",label:"Recognize neuroblastoma, and recall its genetic alterations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ak0QmT",label:"Impetigo",children:[{type:"question",id:"h_0cLi",label:"Recognize bullous impetigo, and recall its underlying cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mk0VoT",label:"Porphyrias",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Va3uj",label:"Recognize acute intermittent porphyria, and recall its inheritance pattern.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZA0ZRi",label:"Recognize secondary syphilis, and choose the most appropriate confirmatory test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/_k05qT",label:"Breast cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"VVaGtj",label:"Recognize Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and recall the genetic principle of loss of heterozygosity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/oO00tT",label:"Keratitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hy0Kgi",label:"Recognize bacterial keratitis in contact lens users, and recall the typical causative organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/IO0YFT",label:"Glaucoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"b3aHS4",label:"Recognize the side effects of prostaglandin F2α analogs used in glaucoma therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/zO0rET",label:"Human papillomavirus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"qKaChl",label:"Recognize anal cancer associated with HPV, and recall the role of p53 protein inactivation in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Vl0GDT",label:"Staphylococcal diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Ua3WP",label:"Recognize toxic shock syndrome, and recall the function of Staphylococcus aureus protein A.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ol00BT",label:"Tumor markers",children:[{type:"question",id:"k2am3P",label:"Recall the immunohistochemical markers for neuronal origin tumors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Qa2E4",label:"Recognize cytokeratin-positive lymph node metastasis from a skin primary neoplasm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Oa3sk",label:"Recognize rhabdomyosarcoma by positive desmin staining.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"5j0iaT",label:"Calculate the volume of distribution of a drug.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ux0pyR",label:"Recall drug interactions that may increase warfarin bioavailability and cause toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rA0fOi",label:"Choose the correct maintenance dose calculation for oral antibiotics with known clearance and bioavailability.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bz0Hri",label:"Recognize first order kinetics, and recall the drug concentration after multiple half-lives.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1z027i",label:"Recall the concept of bioavailability, and recognize its implications on drug administration routes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B1azQj",label:"Recall the effects of competitive antagonists on dose-response curves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y1adjj",label:"Recall the Michaelis-Menten plot curve that represents an allosteric effect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Wa5Lj",label:"Recall the concept of drug efficacy in the context of partial versus full agonists.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ha3V4",label:"Recognize a stroke, and recall drug interactions that may lead to subtherapeutic anticoagulation in patients on warfarin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Pa4Tk",label:"Recognize isoniazid hepatitis, and recall the pharmacokinetic process of acetylation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Oa5Ek",label:"Recall the effect of CYP3A4 inhibitors on statin metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6lajBk",label:"Recognize hepatocellular carcinoma associated with aflatoxin exposure, and recall the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WIaPbN",label:"Recall the concept of drug potentiation, and recall the role of CYP3A4 in drug metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KraURN",label:"Recognize permissive drug interactions, and choose drugs that enhance the effect of bronchodilators in asthma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/tN0X1g",label:"Sympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"feakyj",label:"Recall the effects of β2 receptor agonists.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gPaFVk",label:"Recall the therapeutic use of selective alpha-1 agonists for nasal congestion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/uN0p1g",label:"Beta blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"8paOrl",label:"Recognize a hypertensive emergency, and choose the appropriate antihypertensive therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/EN081g",label:"Inhalational anesthetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"tXaX-Q",label:"Recall the impact of anesthetic lipid solubility on emergence from anesthesia in obese patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jTa_qP",label:"Recall the relationship between MAC, blood-gas partition coefficient, and anesthetic potency and recovery time.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/vN0A1g",label:"Intravenous anesthetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"tjaXXk",label:"Recall the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, and recall the neurotransmitter glutamate's role in anesthesia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hnacGO",label:"Recall the concept of drug redistribution and its effect on anesthetic recovery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/DN01Wg",label:"Skeletal muscle relaxants",children:[{type:"question",id:"_na5DO",label:"Recall the unique elimination properties of atracurium.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/CN0qWg",label:"Sedative-hypnotic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"g6aF4l",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in status epilepticus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/BN0zWg",label:"Non-opioid analgesics",children:[{type:"question",id:"ldavJj",label:"Recognize drug interactions that reduce the efficacy of loop diuretics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/yN0ddg",label:"Opioids",children:[{type:"question",id:"ujapXk",label:"Recall the side effects of long-term opioid therapy that do not diminish with tolerance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KPaUfk",label:"Recognize opioid withdrawal, and recall the effects of partial opioid agonists.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ym0nVg",label:"Second-line lipid-lowering agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"Iy0Ygi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of gemfibrozil.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"tUaXUP",label:"Recognize Reye syndrome, and recall the effects of aspirin on uric acid elimination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PiaW74",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of aspirin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/2m0TUg",label:"Parenteral anticoagulation",children:[{type:"question",id:"z4arNk",label:"Recognize the pharmacodynamics of medications used in the treatment of pulmonary embolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/gm0FUg",label:"Diuretics",children:[{type:"question",id:"Tu06q3",label:"",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qz0usi",label:"",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"hw0ciR",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil, and events in specific cell cycle stages.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fy0kei",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of paclitaxel.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pz0WGi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents, and recognize their ototoxic side effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"54aiPk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action and adverse effects of bleomycin, and its effect on the cell cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u4apOk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of teniposide.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_4a5Nk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of topoisomerase I inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ka25k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action and dietary considerations for antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PkaWLk",label:"Recognize hairy cell leukemia, and recall the mechanism of action of its first-line treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"vA0Ali",label:"Recall the mechanism of antistaphylococcal penicillins, and recall the common causes of folliculitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xA0ENi",label:"Recall the adverse effects associated with antibiotics that disrupt cell membranes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pWaLmj",label:"Recall the mechanism of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CWaqnj",label:"Recognize spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and recall the microbial coverage and mechanism of action of cephalosporins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WdaPKj",label:"Recognize Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and recall the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WVaPtj",label:"Recall the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Ua4eP",label:"Recognize anaplasmosis, and recall the mechanism of action of doxycycline.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S2aySP",label:"Recall the effect of polyvalent cations on fluoroquinolone absorption.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T3a634",label:"Recognize the effects of in utero tetracycline exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rjafbk",label:"Recall the mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3kaSnk",label:"Recognize primary syphilis, and recall the mechanism of action of penicillin G.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EOa88k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action and intracellular activity of pyrazinamide.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ela8Ak",label:"Recognize aminoglycoside-penicillin synergy, and recall its mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hNacaO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of rifampin, and recall the process of RNA synthesis from DNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N5a-4O",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of bleomycin, and recall the mechanism of action of metronidazole.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kMamKO",label:"Recognize metronidazole adverse effects, and recall the pathogens it treats.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YLanwO",label:"Recall the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on bacterial cell walls, and recall the characteristics of gram-positive bacteria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jra_SN",label:"Choose the characteristic of pharmacotherapy for Clostridium difficile infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/6m0jgg",label:"Antifungals",children:[{type:"question",id:"YaanQQ",label:"Recall the effect of gastric pH on drug absorption.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xlaE_k",label:"Recognize theophylline toxicity, and recall drug interactions with cytochrome P450 inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/pm0Lgg",label:"Antiviral agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"KA0Uki",label:"Recognize herpes simplex virus infection in an immunocompromised patient, and choose an antiviral treatment that does not require viral kinase activation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rXafzQ",label:"Recognize treatment for chronic hepatitis C, and recall the mechanism of action of ribavirin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ucapVj",label:"Recognize foscarnet-induced hypocalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U4abik",label:"Recall drug interactions that increase the risk of myelosuppression with antiretroviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TOa67k",label:"Recall the activation mechanism of guanosine analog antivirals, and recall their selective toxicity in virally infected cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qm0Cgg",label:"Antiemetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"Uv0bz3",label:"Recognize chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and recall the side effects of 5-HT3 antagonists.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/7m04Sg",label:"Antidiabetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"i0aJfQ",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of insulin secretagogues, and recall the regulation of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9XaNZj",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LWawNj",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jma_2O",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of meglitinides and sulfonylureas.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Gm0BSg",label:"Insulin",children:[{type:"question",id:"IXaYzQ",label:"Recall the effects of insulin on gluconeogenesis, and recall the role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Bm0z3g",label:"Influenza",children:[{type:"question",id:"ii0Jrf",label:"Recognize early influenza in high-risk patients, and choose the most appropriate antiviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fi0gtf",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for a patient with diabetes during flu season.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9i0NFf",label:"Choose the appropriate influenza vaccine for a patient with a history of egg allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tca6bj",label:"Recognize influenza virus infection, and recall the mechanism of action of neuraminidase inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/_m05Rg",label:"Vaccination",children:[{type:"question",id:"cj0azf",label:"Recognize precautions for DTaP vaccine administration, and choose the condition that supports deferring the vaccine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2NaT0O",label:"Recall the target pathogen of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oHa0rN",label:"Choose the appropriate immunization recommendation for a child with mild acute illness.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wBah1M",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"LQ0w9f",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for patients traveling to the southern hemisphere.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Q04xf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccine for an immunocompromised older adult.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HQ0Kxf",label:"Choose the appropriate timing for DTaP vaccination in preterm infants.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OqaIAl",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccinations for a young healthy adult.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/x50Emg",label:"Adaptive immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"URabm4",label:"Recall the immunophenotype of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vRaAK4",label:"Recall the process of positive selection of T cells in the thymus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"JB0sbi",label:"Recognize G6PD deficiency inheritance, and recall its probability calculation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6y0jTi",label:"Recognize Tay-Sachs disease, and recall the effects of frameshift mutations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LA0w4i",label:"Recognize phenylketonuria, and calculate the carrier status probability for an autosomal recessive disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KcaUWj",label:"Recognize Klinefelter syndrome, and recall the mechanism of X chromosome inactivation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JcasWj",label:"Recall the inheritance pattern of Kartagener syndrome, and recall how to calculate the probability of offspring being affected using Mendelian principles and the Hardy-Weinberg law.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L1awhj",label:"Recall the concept of variable expressivity in genetics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XWa9Pj",label:"Recall the concept of confined placental mosaicism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i4aJQk",label:"Recall the characteristics of X-linked recessive inheritance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GlaByk",label:"Recall the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and calculate the probability of an autosomal recessive disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jpasql",label:"Recall the characteristics of multifactorial (polygenic) inheritance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0IaeYN",label:"Recognize meningocele as a multifactorial inheritance disorder, and recall how recurrence risk correlates with affected relatives.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/WM0Png",label:"General oncology",children:[{type:"question",id:"4ca3cj",label:"Recall the components of tumor grading systems.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E1a8ij",label:"Recall the role of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer metastasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pgaLwP",label:"Recognize villous adenomas, and recall the role of β-catenin in their pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2RaTm4",label:"Recognize squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and recall factors affecting prognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l4avjk",label:"Recall the histopathological features of carcinoma in situ.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I4aYkk",label:"Recall the role of P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/QM0uog",label:"Food allergies",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xq09CS",label:"Recognize infantile colic, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"fUakcP",label:"Recognize ankylosing spondylitis, and recall the mechanism of action of TNF-α inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P3aWi4",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of azathioprine, and recall the role of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in purine metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R4alQk",label:"Recall the indications for trastuzumab, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ckaa5k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of bevacizumab.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Ma4JO",label:"Recall the indications for bevacizumab, and recall its contraindications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/FM0gqg",label:"Cleft lip and cleft palate",children:[{type:"question",id:"vz0Aui",label:"Recall the embryological origin of cleft lip.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"T_06ni",label:"Recognize bacterial tonsillopharyngitis caused by GAS, and recall the role of M protein in inhibiting phagocytosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IdaYrj",label:"Recognize Bacteroides fragilis infection, and recall its common habitat in the human body.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J2asiP",label:"Recognize Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in burn wounds, and recall its virulence factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HSaKa4",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus epidermidis infection, and recall its major virulence factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Qaeu4",label:"Recognize otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, and recall the mechanism of its virulence factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hjacZk",label:"Recognize lobar pneumonia, and recall the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qjaCYk",label:"Recall the microbiological properties of Haemophilus influenzae, and recall infections that can be prevented by Hib vaccination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9kaNJk",label:"Recognize the use of Thayer-Martin agar, and recall the condition it isolates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5OaiGk",label:"Recognize Klebsiella pneumoniae as a cause of nosocomial acute pyelonephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HNaKcO",label:"Recall the characteristics of bacteria without a cell wall.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CMaqIO",label:"Recognize catheter-related bloodstream infections, and choose the most appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f6ak4l",label:"Recognize Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection, and recall the mechanism of its exotoxin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xu09p3",label:"Recognize rhinovirus as a cause of the common cold, and recall its cellular receptor for virulence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1aa2jQ",label:"Recall the concept of viral recombination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WaaPjQ",label:"Recall the concept of phenotypic mixing in viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Ya57Q",label:"Recognize viral reassortment, and recall its occurrence in segmented RNA viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qPaCfk",label:"Recall the virulence factor of parvovirus B19.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C4aqlk",label:"Recognize herpetic whitlow, and recall the structure of herpes simplex virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B4azlk",label:"Recognize adult T-cell leukemia, and recall the properties of its causal virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hkacnk",label:"Recognize the characteristics of herpesviruses, and recall the conditions they can cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dka1Jk",label:"Recall the role of viral surface glycoproteins in determining host range.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lNavYO",label:"Recognize the characteristics of (+)ssRNA viruses, and recall the diseases they can cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MNaMbO",label:"Recall the effectiveness of ethanol as a virucidal agent, and recall the characteristics of herpes simplex virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GNaBcO",label:"Recall the characteristics of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"06aejl",label:"Recall microscopic characteristics of the rotavirus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QBau0M",label:"Recognize COVID-19, and recall its viral entry receptor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/On0Itg",label:"Introduction to geriatrics",children:[{type:"question",id:"YqanCl",label:"Recognize the risks of polypharmacy in the elderly, and recall the Beers criteria.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/In0Yug",label:"General bacteriology",children:[{type:"question",id:"lYav6Q",label:"Recall the concept of specialized transduction and its role in bacterial pathogenicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QeauAj",label:"Recognize septic shock due to Pseudomonas bacteremia, and recall the role of lipid A in hypotension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dQaoE4",label:"Recall the relationship between peptidoglycan content and Gram staining results.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xla9vk",label:"Recall the process of bacterial transformation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M6aMll",label:"Recall the mechanism of bacterial conjugation for horizontal gene transfer.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/pL0LAg",label:"Pelvic inflammatory disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"5T0ir2",label:"Recognize pelvic inflammatory disease, and choose the most appropriate additional test for sexually transmitted infections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Wo0PaS",label:"Differences (disorders) of sex development",children:[{type:"question",id:"60ajSQ",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome with somatic mosaicism, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/jo0_bS",label:"Antiarrhythmic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hz0K8i",label:"Recall the effects of class IC antiarrhythmics on the cardiac action potential, and recall the role of voltage-gated sodium channels in phase 0.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/4o03XS",label:"Lipid disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"TWa6kj",label:"Recognize hereditary abetalipoproteinemia, and choose the most appropriate dietary modification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nsa7vN",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening for a middle-aged adult male with no additional ASCVD risk factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Mo0McS",label:"The cell cycle",children:[{type:"question",id:"RTalqP",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of erlotinib, and recall the phases of the cell cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GkaB6k",label:"Recall the function of Rb protein in cell cycle regulation, and recall the effect of CDK4 activation on Rb.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2paTKl",label:"Recall the role of cyclin B in cell cycle regulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cpaq7l",label:"Recall the cell types most affected by chemotherapeutic agents targeting DNA replication.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Lo0wcS",label:"The cell",children:[{type:"question",id:"deaoBj",label:"Recall the concept of facilitated diffusion, and recall its examples in different tissues.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s2atQP",label:"Recall the cellular structures stained by Nissl stain, and recall the distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6hajU4",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of colchicine, and recall the cellular processes dependent on microtubules.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YOanIk",label:"Recall the role of calcium ions in cell adhesion mediated by cadherins.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/oo001S",label:"Nucleotides, DNA, and RNA",children:[{type:"question",id:"sy0tgi",label:"Recall the composition of histones, and recall their interaction with DNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gy0Bgi",label:"Recall the function of histone deacetylase, and recall its effect on DNA coiling.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ko0U1S",label:"DNA replication and repair",children:[{type:"question",id:"CB0q1i",label:"Recall the indications and mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones, and recall the process of bacterial DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ey08Si",label:"Recall the functions of DNA polymerase I in bacterial DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vy0ASi",label:"Recognize xeroderma pigmentosum, and recall the role of excision endonuclease in DNA repair.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dy01hi",label:"Recognize malignant melanoma, and recall the effects of UV radiation on DNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"By0zhi",label:"Recognize xeroderma pigmentosum, and recall its clinical presentation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wA0hNi",label:"Recall the function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l_0voi",label:"Recall the characteristics of eukaryotic DNA replication origins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6_0j6i",label:"Recall the initial step of base excision repair and the role of DNA glycosylase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p_0L6i",label:"Recall the unique functions of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotic DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J_0s6i",label:"Recall the role of primase in DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f4akik",label:"Recall the primary mechanism of DNA repair for radiation-induced damage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T4a6ik",label:"Recall the process of lagging strand synthesis in DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b6aHjl",label:"Recall the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m6aVll",label:"Recall the cellular effects of ionizing radiation on cancer cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/po0L1S",label:"Gene expression and transcription",children:[{type:"question",id:"6Vajvj",label:"Recall eukaryotic cell organelles, and the location of RNA polymerase I.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mlaVxk",label:"Recall the function of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in mRNA processing.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"plaLBk",label:"Recall the regulation of the lac operon by glucose and lactose, and recall the role of adenylate cyclase in cAMP production.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ulapAk",label:"Recall the process of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Jo0s1S",label:"Translation and protein synthesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"RA0lji",label:"Recognize diphtheria, and recall the mechanism of diphtheria toxin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kYam6Q",label:"Recall the concept of degeneracy in the genetic code.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dcaoYj",label:"Recall the genetic code for amino acids, and recognize the clinical features of ataxia-telangiectasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N2a-3P",label:"Recall the steps of the elongation phase of protein synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d4aoRk",label:"Recall the concept of point mutations, and recall the mRNA stop codon sequences.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"skat6k",label:"Recall the role of the AUG start codon in translation initiation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZlaZvk",label:"Recall the function of N-terminal peptidase, and recall the anticodon for the start codon in eukaryotic mRNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G5aBlO",label:"Recall the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qo0C1S",label:"Signal transduction",children:[{type:"question",id:"7A04Oi",label:"Recognize metoprolol toxicity, and recall its effect on adenylyl cyclase activity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zWarLj",label:"Recognize severe hypoglycemia treatment, and recall the mechanism of action of glucagon.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MUaMdP",label:"Recall the treatment for anemia of chronic kidney disease, and recall the EPO receptor signaling pathway.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lTavIP",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of fenoldopam, and recall the intracellular signaling pathways of Gs protein-coupled receptors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KTaU7P",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of tamsulosin, and recall the intracellular signaling pathways affected by alpha-1 receptor inhibition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MKaMSl",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of desmopressin, and recall its effect on kidney principal cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ro0fWS",label:"Connective tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"TPa6Vk",label:"Recall the role of hydrogen and disulfide bonds in collagen synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WNaPZO",label:"Recall alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and recall the properties of elastin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wmah3O",label:"Recall the phases of wound healing, and recall the types of collagen involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/7o04WS",label:"Cartilage",children:[{type:"question",id:"KdaUIj",label:"Recall the role of perichondrium in cartilage regeneration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/so0tWS",label:"Muscle tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qhaud4",label:"Recall the role of troponin C in muscle contraction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/uo0pdS",label:"Basics of embryology",children:[{type:"question",id:"PeaW_j",label:"Recall the events occurring during prophase I of meiosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hfacNP",label:"Recall the stages of meiosis, and recall the cause of nondisjunction in triple X syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QPauek",label:"Recognize alobar holoprosencephaly, and recall the associated protein family involved in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"7Ta4HP",label:"Recall the timeline of embryonic development, and recall the events occurring in week 3.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hSaczP",label:"Recognize cervical radiculopathy, and recall the embryologic origin of the nucleus pulposus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z3aZS4",label:"Recognize first branchial arch anomalies, and recall its derivatives.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/9o0NVS",label:"Resting potentials and action potentials",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nca-cj",label:"Recall the role of voltage-gated potassium channels in cardiac action potentials.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"llavCk",label:"Recall the determinants of resting membrane potential, and recall the role of ion permeability and equilibrium potentials.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ao0ReS",label:"Vitamins",children:[{type:"question",id:"1ea2Bj",label:"Recall the role of pantothenic acid in enzyme function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mUaVdP",label:"Recognize a deficiency of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), and recall its function in catecholamine synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0haec4",label:"Recognize osteomalacia, and recall its association with vitamin D metabolism impairment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J3asj4",label:"Recall the cofactor required for aminotransferase function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"66ajNl",label:"Recognize pellagra, and recall its associated amino acid deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/1K022S",label:"Innate immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"IbaYEQ",label:"Recall the infections associated with neutropenia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/WK0P2S",label:"The cerebral cortex, meninges, basal ganglia, and ventricular system",children:[{type:"question",id:"W3aPh4",label:"Recall the CSF flow through the ventricular system of the brain.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dK0o2S",label:"Lysosomal storage diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"peaL-j",label:"Recognize Hunter syndrome, and recall its behavioral manifestations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/FK0gRS",label:"Amino acids",children:[{type:"question",id:"R0alfQ",label:"Recall the titration curve and net charge of basic amino acids at body pH.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eUaxXP",label:"Recall the role of glutamine in renal gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis, and recall its transport in the proximal convoluted tubule.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c3aah4",label:"Recall the function of N-acetylglutamate, and recall its role in the urea cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kOamsk",label:"Recall the metabolic derivatives of histidine, and recall their physiological effects.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/8K0ORS",label:"Proteins and peptides",children:[{type:"question",id:"RcalXj",label:"Recall the mechanism of cancer cachexia and muscle atrophy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GmaBSO",label:"Recall the process and purpose of ubiquitination in protein modification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iMaJoO",label:"Recall the forces responsible for maintaining α-helix conformation in proteins.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/260T4S",label:"Pancreas",children:[{type:"question",id:"WeaPBj",label:"Recall the initial cellular response to glucose entry into pancreatic beta-cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/560ilS",label:"Autonomic nervous system",children:[{type:"question",id:"KMaUpO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of phenoxybenzamine and epinephrine, and the effect of β2 agonism with α2 antagonism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vMaAqO",label:"Recall the effects of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulation, and recall the neurotransmitter involved in sympathetic pupillary dilation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/M60MlS",label:"Gastrointestinal tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZJaZsl",label:"Choose the pharmacotherapy that inhibits gastrointestinal motility and causes splanchnic artery vasoconstriction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/n607lS",label:"Enzymes and biocatalysis",children:[{type:"question",id:"PSaW-P",label:"Recall the effects of enzyme concentration on Vmax and Km.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CIaqUN",label:"Recognize anticholinergic toxicity, and recall the concept of reversible competitive inhibition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/L60wlS",label:"Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation",children:[{type:"question",id:"7ca4dj",label:"Recognize the metabolic pathway used during short, strenuous exercise, and recall the expected change in blood constituents post-exercise.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t4aXOk",label:"Recall the role of alanine in the glucose-alanine cycle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/o600NS",label:"Citric acid cycle",children:[{type:"question",id:"dMaonO",label:"Recall the role of pantothenic acid in metabolism, and recall the enzymes that require coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/t60X5S",label:"Glycogen metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"hTacqP",label:"Recall the regulation of glycogenolysis, and recall the role of phosphorylase kinase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mTaVrP",label:"Recall the effect of glucagon receptor antagonists on hepatic enzyme activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/y60dnS",label:"Carbohydrates",children:[{type:"question",id:"9VaN9j",label:"Recall the role of insulin in glucose transport, and recall the cell types expressing GLUT-4.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"h6ackl",label:"Recall the pathway of glucose to fructose conversion, and recall the tissues expressing the necessary enzymes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/1p02oS",label:"Lipids and their metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"YganFP",label:"Recall the cellular metabolism of ketone bodies and the role of hepatocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x3aEk4",label:"Recognize the effects of a healthy lifestyle on lipid profile, and recall the laboratory marker likely to be increased.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VMaGnO",label:"Recall the role of glycerol kinase in triglyceride synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jqaszl",label:"Recall the role of pancrelipase in digestion, and recall the synthesis of essential fatty acids.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/gp0FKS",label:"Laboratory methods",children:[{type:"question",id:"bRaHl4",label:"Recall the purpose of a northern blot, and recall the type of nucleic acid it detects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"84aOOk",label:"Recall the laboratory technique used to identify DNA-binding proteins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jna_GO",label:"Recall the components required for polymerase chain reaction testing.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"26aT4l",label:"Recall the clinical uses of colchicine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"oTa07P",label:"Recall the effects of aging on skin, and recall the role of elastin fiber assembly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"56aill",label:"Recognize physiologic changes in male sexual function due to aging.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Qp0u6S",label:"Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"BYazrQ",label:"Recognize cardiogenic shock, and recall the effects of hypoxia on cellular metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uTapsP",label:"Recall the extrahepatic sites of gluconeogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2laTwk",label:"Recall the hexose monophosphate shunt and its products.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ma2nO",label:"Recall the role of GTP in metabolism, and recall the gluconeogenesis pathway.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RMaloO",label:"Recall the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and recall the role of acetyl coenzyme A.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jMa_oO",label:"Recall the role of lactate in energy metabolism, and recall the enzyme requiring NAD+ as a cofactor in glycolysis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/lp0vpS",label:"Nerve tissue, synapses, and neurotransmitters",children:[{type:"question",id:"iRaJ54",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall the embryologic origin of oligodendrocytes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/aq0QCS",label:"Local inflammatory responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"G0aBhQ",label:"Recall the pathophysiology of edema due to acute local inflammation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/fI0kXh",label:"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019)",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Ba3aM",label:"Recognize symptoms of COVID-19, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nBa7YM",label:"Recognize the treatment for COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, and recall the mechanism of action of remdesivir.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/nr073h",label:"Dilated cardiomyopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"D_01qi",label:"Recognize dilated cardiomyopathy due to cardiotoxic medications, and recall its echocardiographic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/M70Mmh",label:"Gynecomastia",children:[{type:"question",id:"zx0r_R",label:"Recognize normal pubertal gynecomastia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sGat0m",label:"Recognize pubertal gynecomastia, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/u70pnh",label:"Sexuality and sexual medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"U0ab2Q",label:"Recognize normal sexual behaviors in adolescents and reassure concerned parents accordingly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/TH06ph",label:"Principles of cancer care",children:[{type:"question",id:"W_0PMi",label:"Recall the cytokines involved in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/sG0t03",label:"Well-child visits",children:[{type:"question",id:"IJ0YvS",label:"Recognize delayed growth in a child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8J0ODS",label:"Recognize delayed language development in an 18-month-old child, and choose the most appropriate evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Da5S5",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for a child's physical safety during activities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zCaru5",label:"Choose the most appropriate child safety recommendation for a 6-month-old during a well-child examination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J9Ysor",label:"Choose the most appropriate evaluation in a child with macrocephaly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/nF07i3",label:"Stimulant intoxication and withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"M1aMhj",label:"Recall the synaptic effects of cocaine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/KF0UQ3",label:"Toxic alcohol poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"J1as3j",label:"Recognize methanol poisoning, and recall the mechanism of its antidote.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/EF08P3",label:"Overview of fungal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"IjaYbk",label:"Recognize blastomycosis in an immunocompromised patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oka0Kk",label:"Recognize coccidioidomycosis, and recall its histological hallmark.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Claq_k",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of sporotrichosis, and recall the characteristics of fungal dimorphism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/080eO3",label:"Intimate partner violence",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rval-m",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for a new patient of reproductive age.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/N80-53",label:"Infant nutrition and breastfeeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"dJ0oGS",label:"Choose the most appropriate dietary recommendation for a 6-month-old infant.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/df0oO2",label:"Cardiovascular System",children:[{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/df0oO2",label:"Diphtheria",children:[{type:"question",id:"jB0_0i",label:"Recognize diphtheria and its complications, and choose the appropriate treatment to prevent cardiac involvement.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/1T02p2",label:"Giant cell arteritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"uB0pci",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and recall its vascular complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/fT0kJ2",label:"Vasculitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"15a2QO",label:"Recognize Takayasu arteritis, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/8T0Os2",label:"Hemostasis and bleeding disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"GQaBx4",label:"Recognize fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/cS0aA2",label:"Intestinal ischemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"-P0DhT",label:"Recognize acute mesenteric ischemia, and choose the most appropriate revascularization technique.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/3S0Sz2",label:"Pancreatic cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"AmaRRO",label:"Recognize migratory thrombophlebitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/qS0C0f",label:"Hemochromatosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"6D0j2R",label:"Recognize hereditary hemochromatosis as the cause of heart failure, and choose the appropriate intervention to prevent its progression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WKaP2l",label:"Recognize hemochromatosis, and recall its effects on the cardiac conduction system.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/rS0faf",label:"Heart failure",children:[{type:"question",id:"1m02eg",label:"Recognize high-output heart failure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-s0Dxh",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and recall the compensatory activation of the RAAS system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OG0Izh",label:"Recognize arterial hypertension as a cause of congestive heart failure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lG0vzh",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UE0bE3",label:"Recognize signs of congestive heart failure, and recall factors associated with increased mortality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xw0EOR",label:"Recognize signs of congestive heart failure, and choose agents that improve long-term survival.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gC0FrR",label:"Recognize heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and recall its underlying pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PC0WHR",label:"Recognize heart failure, and recall the diagnostic finding of elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MC0MsR",label:"Recognize impaired relaxation of the right ventricle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HB0KXi",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and recall the effects of RAAS activation on renal arterioles.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J-0syi",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and choose agents that improve long-term survival.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yZadVQ",label:"Recognize traumatic arteriovenous fistula, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KUaUVP",label:"Recognize myocardial infarction, and recall its effects on pulmonary capillary pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aMaQMO",label:"Recognize increased ventricular wall stiffness as a cause of diastolic dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cnaaHO",label:"Recognize systolic heart failure, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9EaNBm",label:"Recognize right ventricular failure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/HS0Kaf",label:"Sinus node dysfunction",children:[{type:"question",id:"XC09qR",label:"Recognize sick sinus syndrome, and recall its common etiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/sS0taf",label:"Supraventricular premature beats",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lt0wV3",label:"Recognize atrial premature beats in an asymptomatic patient, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ut0p23",label:"Recognize atrial premature beats (APBs), and choose the most appropriate lifestyle modification.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/GS0Baf",label:"Atrial fibrillation",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yt0nX3",label:"Recognize new-onset atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kt0Ue3",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate site for ablation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TB06Zi",label:"Choose the most appropriate anticoagulant therapy prior to elective cardioversion in atrial fibrillation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7_04pi",label:"Recognize paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n5a7kO",label:"Recognize acute splenic infarction, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely underlying cardiac arrhythmia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IFaYjm",label:"Recognize new-onset atrial fibrillation and its spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2waTR5",label:"Recognize atrial flutter on ECG.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/FS0gYf",label:"Supraventricular tachycardia",children:[{type:"question",id:"hS0cz2",label:"Recognize AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mJ0VuS",label:"Recognize Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and choose the appropriate antiarrhythmic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"it0JW3",label:"Recognize Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and recall its characteristic ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kt0md3",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for supraventricular tachycardia after vagal maneuvers fail.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ot0Id3",label:"Recognize paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and recall its most common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aZaQZQ",label:"Recognize atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and recall the nerve involved in vagal maneuvers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bZaHZQ",label:"Recognize Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and recall its characteristic ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"05aeiO",label:"Recall the physiological changes that occur during the Valsalva maneuver.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/8S0OYf",label:"Premature ventricular contractions",children:[{type:"question",id:"GS0Baf",label:"Recognize benign premature ventricular contractions, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1N02Zg",label:"Recognize hypokalemia as a cause of postoperative arrhythmias.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/uS0pYf",label:"Long QT syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"GJ0BvS",label:"Recognize long QT syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d_0oMi",label:"Recognize Romano-Ward syndrome, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eZax0Q",label:"Recognize congenital long QT syndrome, and recall its associated clinical features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KmaUgO",label:"Recognize Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, and recall its electrocardiogram findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/ES08Yf",label:"Ventricular tachycardia",children:[{type:"question",id:"FS0gYf",label:"Recognize hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DG01Y3",label:"Recognize polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes), and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Su0yq3",label:"Recognize drug-induced prolonged QT interval as a cause of syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tA0Xli",label:"Recognize torsade de pointes, and recall its association with prolonged QT interval.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uuabqm",label:"Recognize sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, and choose the appropriate pharmacologic treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/DS01bf",label:"Coronary artery disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"pF0LQ3",label:"Recognize vasospastic angina, and choose the first-line long-term treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HF0Kj3",label:"Recognize stable coronary artery disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GF0Bj3",label:"Recognize atypical chest pain suggestive of coronary heart disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W80Pl3",label:"Recognize vasospastic angina, and recall its associated conditions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d80ol3",label:"Recognize coronary steal syndrome, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TD06dR",label:"Choose medications and substances to discontinue prior to a cardiac exercise stress test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cx0avR",label:"Recognize low pretest probability of coronary artery disease, and choose the most appropriate next step in evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CA0qNi",label:"Recognize vasospastic angina, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for prevention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f_0kni",label:"Recall the concept of hibernating myocardium.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0ZaeZQ",label:"Recall the relationship between vessel radius and resistance to blood flow using Poiseuille's law.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NZa-bQ",label:"Recognize Prinzmetal angina, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LMaw6O",label:"Recall the effects of ranolazine on myocardial oxygen consumption and energy metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"unapEO",label:"Recognize dipyridamole-induced coronary steal syndrome, and recall its mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zKarQl",label:"Recognize stable cardiac chest pain, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QFau3m",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to improve exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/wS0hbf",label:"Myocardial infarction",children:[{type:"question",id:"9F0N43",label:"Recognize atypical presentation of myocardial reinfarction, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ru0lI3",label:"Recognize Dressler syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lu0vr3",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis post-myocardial infarction, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4E03D3",label:"Recognize Dressler syndrome (postmyocardial infarction syndrome).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F90g6R",label:"Recognize occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"890O6R",label:"Choose the most appropriate additional pharmacotherapy for acute myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u90p6R",label:"Recognize ventricular fibrillation as a cause of sudden cardiac death post-MI.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JC0sGR",label:"Recognize interventricular septum rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-C0DuR",label:"Choose the appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SA0yQi",label:"Recognize inferior wall myocardial infarction and its associated ECG changes, and recall the coronary artery anatomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b_0H5i",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis post-myocardial infarction, and recall the associated histopathological finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kz0mGi",label:"Recognize myocardial infarction, and recall its early complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bcaHaj",label:"Recognize rupture of the chordae tendinae post-myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zjar1k",label:"Recognize occlusion of the posterior descending artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aPaQWk",label:"Recognize acute lateral wall myocardial infarction, and recall the coronary artery anatomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dPaodk",label:"Recognize complications of myocardial infarction, and recall the associated histopathological changes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pmaLgO",label:"Recognize acute inferior myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tmaXhO",label:"Recognize ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and recall the ECG leads corresponding to the LAD artery territory.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Ma3KO",label:"Recognize unstable angina pectoris.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GsaBwN",label:"Recognize ventricular pseudoaneurysm as a cause of acute limb ischemia post-myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JFasQm",label:"Recognize ventricular aneurysm as a late complication of myocardial infarction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/9S0Nbf",label:"Acute rheumatic fever",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZR0Zlf",label:"Recognize acute rheumatic fever with carditis, and choose the appropriate duration of secondary prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aR0Qlf",label:"Recognize acute rheumatic fever.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f5akjO",label:"Recognize Sydenham chorea, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i5aJPO",label:"Recognize rheumatic heart disease, and recall its pathogenic mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r5aflO",label:"Recognize the link between bacterial pharyngitis and mitral valve disease, and choose the public health intervention to reduce its surgical treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/CS0qbf",label:"Infective endocarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"4h03Vf",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus, and choose the most appropriate post-treatment investigation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tQ0XBf",label:"Recognize the need for infective endocarditis prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic heart valves undergoing dental procedures, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic regimen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FQ0gBf",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus epidermidis as a cause of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uQ0pBf",label:"Choose the appropriate antibiotic regimen for prosthetic valve infective endocarditis due to methicillin-susceptible staphylococci.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EQ08Bf",label:"Recognize right-sided infective endocarditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DQ01yf",label:"Recognize subacute infective endocarditis, and recall its common pathogens.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wQ0hyf",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis caused by HACEK organisms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9Q0Nyf",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of acute infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CQ0qyf",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AQ0RAf",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis in an intravenous drug user, and choose the initial empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-Q0DAf",label:"Recognize septic emboli from infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zj0Z_f",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0j0e_f",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis with complications, and recall the echocardiographic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yj0n_f",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis, and recall its common risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mj0MaT",label:"Recognize Enterococcus faecalis infection as a cause of infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yP0dhT",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis with acute aortic regurgitation and left-sided heart failure, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AA0Rmi",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis, and recall the histopathology of Janeway lesions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zA0rmi",label:"Recognize Libman-Sacks endocarditis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PVaWuj",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall the characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RealAj",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall the characteristic blood culture findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ljav0k",label:"Recognize acute right-sided infective endocarditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pjaLYk",label:"Recognize Streptococcus sanguinis as a cause of subacute infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mmaVTO",label:"Recognize infectious endocarditis, and recall its characteristic microscopic nail lesion findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T5a6jO",label:"Recognize prosthetic valve endocarditis, and recall the characteristics of its common causal pathogens.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j5a_PO",label:"Recognize nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with malignancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"85aONO",label:"Recognize colon cancer as a predisposing factor for Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cMaanO",label:"Recognize subacute bacterial endocarditis, and recall the role of dextrans in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8oaOdl",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZuaZpm",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of acute infective endocarditis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/xS0Ebf",label:"Myocarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"WR0PNf",label:"Recognize Coxsackie virus infection as a cause of myocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dR0oNf",label:"Recognize dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral myocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hA0cji",label:"Recognize dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral myocarditis, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sZat1Q",label:"Recognize viral myocarditis, and recall its common viral etiologies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/-S0DXf",label:"Valvular heart diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jj0sYT",label:"Recognize valve degeneration as a cause of CHF symptoms post valve replacement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jz0sFi",label:"Recognize tricuspid regurgitation, and recall the effect of inspiration on right ventricular hemodynamics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IPaYTk",label:"Recall the auscultatory findings of pulmonary valve stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XOa9Ik",label:"Recognize tricuspid valve endocarditis, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Zh0Zcf",label:"Aortic valve stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"lL0vBg",label:"Recognize calcification of the aortic valve as a cause of syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bu0Hp3",label:"Recognize exertional syncope, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rE0fC3",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its effect on left ventricular oxygen demand.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7D04fR",label:"Recognize aortic valve stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H_0Kpi",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VZaG0Q",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its murmur's timing relative to left ventricular pressure-volume changes during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nha7e4",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its effect on left ventricular oxygen demand.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b5aHiO",label:"Recognize dystrophic calcification on the aortic valve as a cause of aortic stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m5aVkO",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its common etiologies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rLaf_O",label:"Recall the cardiac pressure changes caused by aortic stenosis and the timing of its murmur during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YBYnzr",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its prognostic factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/0h0ecf",label:"Aortic regurgitation",children:[{type:"question",id:"e60xPS",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome with aortic regurgitation, and recall its classic cardiovascular examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fu0kq3",label:"Recognize aortic valve regurgitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qu0uI3",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation, and recall its most common cause in young adults in high-income countries.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qw0uiR",label:"Recognize aortic valve regurgitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OA0IPi",label:"Recognize chronic aortic regurgitation, and recall its classic physical examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3z0Ssi",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation in infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CeaqaP",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation, and recall its effect on left ventricular end-diastolic volume.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ILaY_O",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yh0ncf",label:"Mitral regurgitation",children:[{type:"question",id:"z80r63",label:"Recognize chronic mitral valve regurgitation, and recall its associated findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pu0Wr3",label:"Recognize papillary muscle rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HD0KfR",label:"Recognize mitral valve regurgitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pbaLuQ",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall its echocardiographic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L5awkO",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall the effect of systemic vascular resistance on regurgitant flow.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eMaxnO",label:"Recognize mitral annular dilation in peripartum cardiomyopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uMapqO",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall the association of an S3 heart sound with its exacerbation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7La4_O",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall its characteristic murmur.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Xh09cf",label:"Hypertension",children:[{type:"question",id:"gG0FAh",label:"Recognize hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and recall its pathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Vv0G_3",label:"Choose an antihypertensive medication that also provides migraine prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tv06z3",label:"Recognize decreased arterial compliance as a cause of isolated systolic hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gv0Fz3",label:"Recognize uncontrolled hypertension, and choose the most appropriate lifestyle modification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iv0J-3",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in the evaluation of newly diagnosed hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5laixk",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for hypertension in African American patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x5aEmO",label:"Recall the causes of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HraKiN",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step after a single visit with elevated blood pressure readings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iFaJ3m",label:"Choose the most effective lifestyle modification to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ca2I5",label:"Recall the causes of primary hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9xaNA5",label:"Recognize the need to differentiate between white coat hypertension and true hypertension, and choose the appropriate diagnostic method.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/ch0a1f",label:"Peripheral arterial disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"j40_QT",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mk0MoT",label:"Recognize Leriche syndrome, and recall its associated physical findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1O02rT",label:"Recognize moderate peripheral arterial disease, and choose the best initial management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V80Gl3",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease with claudication, and choose the next step after conservative measures fail.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o800n3",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease, and choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ru0fs3",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cE0au3",label:"Recognize femoropopliteal artery stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d5aoQO",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease, and choose the pharmacotherapy that improves symptoms of intermittent claudication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V5aGQO",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as the cause of claudication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uFapPm",label:"Recognize critical limb ischemia in the context of peripheral artery disease, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/1h021f",label:"Acute limb ischemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Uk0bMT",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RO0lHT",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ct0ac3",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and recall the prevention of thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uu0pG3",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and recall the diagnostic study to identify its common underlying cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wu0ht3",label:"Recognize arterial embolism as a cause of acute limb ischemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fD0kdR",label:"Recognize drug-induced vasoconstriction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dpa17l",label:"Recognize arterial embolism as a cause of acute limb ischemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Wh0P1f",label:"Aneurysm",children:[{type:"question",id:"sk0t6T",label:"Recognize femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ek08pT",label:"Recognize femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3u0SI3",label:"Recognize a femoral artery aneurysm.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/dh0o1f",label:"Thoracic aortic aneurysm",children:[{type:"question",id:"8D0OTR",label:"Recognize the signs of a thoracic aortic aneurysm on imaging, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirmation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yD0dSR",label:"Recognize cystic medial necrosis as a cause of thoracic aortic aneurysm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1La29O",label:"Recognize cystic medial degeneration associated with Marfan syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/2h0TWf",label:"Thromboangiitis obliterans",children:[{type:"question",id:"NF0-R3",label:"Recognize thromboangiitis obliterans, and choose the primary intervention to decrease the risk of amputation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W5aPQO",label:"Recognize thromboangiitis obliterans, and recall its histologic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/fh0kWf",label:"Deep vein thrombosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ik0Y6T",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis in a postoperative patient, and choose the most appropriate next step in treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fk0gpT",label:"Recognize the high probability of deep vein thrombosis post-surgery, and choose the appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kq0UzS",label:"Recognize postpartum deep venous thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jw0sPR",label:"Recognize deep venous thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate additional screening test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MlaMxk",label:"Recognize superficial thrombophlebitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rmal2O",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-GaDbm",label:"Recognize superficial thrombophlebitis in a pregnant patient, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fvagb5",label:"Recognize catheter-related thrombosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/gh0FWf",label:"Chronic venous disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"i40JQT",label:"Recognize venous insufficiency as a cause of lower extremity ulcers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qk0CKT",label:"Recognize chronic venous disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mF0Vi3",label:"Recognize chronic venous insufficiency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fx0kDR",label:"Recognize stasis dermatitis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oXa0_Q",label:"Recognize chronic venous insufficiency, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CKaqil",label:"Recognize chronic venous disease, and recall the direction of blood flow that confirms the diagnosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BKazil",label:"Recognize varicose veins, and recall the diagnostic imaging findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y-anDM",label:"Recognize postthrombotic syndrome as a cause of venous insufficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Lh0wef",label:"Obstructive sleep apnea",children:[{type:"question",id:"Js0sDh",label:"Recognize symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, and recall its effect on blood pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"74a4kk",label:"Recognize obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of secondary hypertension.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/oh00Uf",label:"Pulmonary embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"uk0ppT",label:"Recognize the high clinical probability of pulmonary embolism, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nw0-QR",label:"Recognize the iliac vein as the common origin of pulmonary emboli.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/uh0pff",label:"Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade",children:[{type:"question",id:"eh0x1f",label:"Recognize cardiac 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recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k6amOl",label:"Recognize cardiac tamponade.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/_h05gf",label:"Carcinoid tumor",children:[{type:"question",id:"93aNk4",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome with hepatic metastasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/c30ahf",label:"Hemorrhoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"eWax4j",label:"Recognize external hemorrhoids, and recall their blood supply.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/UR0bmf",label:"Overview of stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"Uo0bYS",label:"Recognize stroke symptoms, and recall the strongest predisposing factor for stroke.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/3R0S5f",label:"Fibromuscular dysplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"DJ01wS",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia in a hypertensive emergency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9naNvO",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r6afml",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/aj0Q_f",label:"Preoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"tP0XgT",label:"Recognize the need for preoperative cardiac risk assessment, and choose the most appropriate stress test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Hj0KbT",label:"Epistaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"2_0Tni",label:"Recognize hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and recall its cardiac complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"O5aI4O",label:"Recognize lipofuscin granules, and recall their composition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/PP0WUT",label:"Major depressive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"WCaPI5",label:"Recognize depression post-myocardial infarction as a factor affecting prognosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Z40Z3T",label:"Environmental pathology",children:[{type:"question",id:"mA0V4i",label:"Recognize a lightning strike.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/U40biT",label:"Down syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Co0qVS",label:"Recognize Down syndrome, and recall its associated cardiac anomalies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tbaXvQ",label:"Recognize atrioventricular septal defect associated with Down syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/4403jT",label:"Acyanotic congenital heart defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"H50Klg",label:"Recognize an atrial septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eM0xng",label:"",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8o0OdS",label:"Recognize a large ventricular septal defect, and recall the changes in pulmonary vascular resistance postnatally.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uo0pdS",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xo0EVS",label:"Recognize a small ventricular septal defect, and choose the most appropriate management for an asymptomatic patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yo0deS",label:"Recognize patent foramen ovale (PFO) in an asymptomatic patient, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aK0QUS",label:"Recognize ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wB0h1i",label:"Recognize symptomatic ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall the maneuvers that affect its murmur.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nA074i",label:"Recognize aortic coarctation, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sA0tOi",label:"Recognize the clinical features of a large patent ductus arteriosus, and recall the expected echocardiographic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z_0Z5i",label:"Recognize coarctation of the aorta, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mz0Mti",label:"Recognize paradoxical embolism, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most common cardiac anomaly associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pz0LFi",label:"Recognize atrial septal defect, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2-0T9i",label:"Recognize ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JWasmj",label:"Recall the cardiac pressure changes that would occur after successful repair of a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3maS2O",label:"Recall the cardiac catheterization findings of a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6majgO",label:"Recall the consequences of abnormal endocardial cushion development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v5aANO",label:"Recognize Eisenmenger syndrome, and recall its cardiac complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A5aR5O",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_5a55O",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xna97O",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall its effects on the pulmonary vasculature.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u7apnN",label:"Recognize aortic coarctation, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dHao6N",label:"Recognize coarctation of the aorta, and recall its clinical features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WGaPyN",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dGaoyN",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rCaft5",label:"Recognize paradoxical embolism, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/K40U4T",label:"Esophageal atresia",children:[{type:"question",id:"2M0TLg",label:"Recognize a vascular ring causing respiratory symptoms in an infant, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/2k0TMT",label:"Angioedema",children:[{type:"question",id:"9J0NwS",label:"Recognize hereditary angioedema, and recall its underlying cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/hk0cnT",label:"Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"mz0Vti",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall its skeletal features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"35aSPO",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zz0Zri",label:"Recognize tertiary syphilis, and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/kO0msT",label:"Shock",children:[{type:"question",id:"VS0GA2",label:"Recognize septic shock, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D401lT",label:"Recognize features of shock, and recall the diagnostic finding of obstructive shock due to pulmonary embolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LC0wsR",label:"Recognize cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c0aaUQ",label:"Recognize cardiogenic shock, and recall its effect on mental status.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SaayPQ",label:"Recognize septic shock, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ccaqej",label:"Recognize early hypovolemic shock, and recall the compensatory mechanisms maintaining blood pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eKax2l",label:"Recognize hemorrhagic shock, and recall its first compensatory mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/rl0fyT",label:"Cardiac catheterization",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sm0yUg",label:"Recognize retroperitoneal bleeding after a vascular procedure, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/4N03Yg",label:"Management of trauma patients",children:[{type:"question",id:"VKaG2l",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in managing hemorrhagic shock when intravenous access is not possible.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HHaK7N",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in the management of hypovolemic shock due to internal hemorrhage.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/kN0mYg",label:"Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation",children:[{type:"question",id:"sS0taf",label:"Recognize pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest, and choose the most appropriate medication in cardiac arrest management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oF00Q3",label:"Choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy for refractory ventricular fibrillation after defibrillation and epinephrine administration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KF0UQ3",label:"Recognize ventricular fibrillation in the context of STEMI, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FC0gFR",label:"Recognize pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and choose the most appropriate initial resuscitative measure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ez08ui",label:"Recall the concept of tachyphylaxis, and recall its pharmacological mechanisms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3laS9k",label:"Recall the effects of partial agonists on receptor activity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zIar2N",label:"Recall the effects of phenoxybenzamine and norepinephrine on adrenergic receptors, and the pharmacodynamic interaction between an agonist and a noncompetitive antagonist.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/tN0X1g",label:"Sympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sy0yei",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of dobutamine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/8N0O1g",label:"Sympatholytic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"9MaNIO",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to treat vasopressor extravasation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/uN0p1g",label:"Beta blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"8_0OJi",label:"Recall the effects of beta blockers on the heart.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lZavbQ",label:"Recall the effects of beta-1 adrenergic receptor blockade on cardiac function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LQaw94",label:"Recall the pharmacological effects of nonselective beta blockers with additional α-blocking action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JmasgO",label:"Recognize the systemic side effects of ophthalmic beta blockers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/wN0hWg",label:"Local anesthetic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"kUamWP",label:"Recognize local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/am0QVg",label:"Statins",children:[{type:"question",id:"b80HO3",label:"Choose the first-line pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i80Jm3",label:"Recall the common adverse effects of statin therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N80-53",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for statin-associated myopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t0aX3Q",label:"Recognize the adverse effects of statins on muscle tissue.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"inaJGO",label:"Choose the first-line pharmacotherapy for hyperlipidemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Ym0nVg",label:"Second-line lipid-lowering agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"M80MM3",label:"Recognize niacin-induced cutaneous flushing, and choose the most appropriate management to prevent this side effect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r0afhQ",label:"Recall the effects of fibrates on lipid metabolism, and recall their associated risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D2a1PP",label:"Recall the effect of bile acid sequestrants on the lipid profile.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X5a9iO",label:"Recognize the side effects of niacin therapy, and choose the appropriate premedication to reduce these effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P6aWOl",label:"Recall the adverse effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Xm09Vg",label:"Amiodarone",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qv0u-3",label:"Recall the adverse effects associated with long-term use of amiodarone.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eYaxLQ",label:"Recognize the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis, and recall adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ggaFuP",label:"Recall the common adverse effects of amiodarone.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/cm0aeg",label:"Calcium channel blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"FE0gx3",label:"Recognize the side effects of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uE0px3",label:"Choose the appropriate medication to prevent dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker-related peripheral edema.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B-0zzi",label:"Recall the cardiovascular effects of nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z5aZiO",label:"Recall the adverse effects of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P5aW4O",label:"Recognize the side effects of antihypertensive medications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/1m02eg",label:"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nv0-ZR",label:"Recognize the benefits of ACE inhibitors in preventing cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nma7TO",label:"Recognize ACE inhibitor-induced cough, and choose the appropriate alternative antihypertensive medication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a5aQiO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of neprilysin inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Wm0Peg",label:"Nitrates",children:[{type:"question",id:"wD0hgR",label:"Recognize angina pectoris, and recall the mechanism of nitroglycerin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wz0P7i",label:"Recall the common adverse effects of nitrates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fz0kHi",label:"Recall the effects of high-dose nitrate administration on the cardiovascular system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sz0yHi",label:"Recognize nitrate tolerance in stable angina, and choose the appropriate modification for pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5-0iBi",label:"Recall the effect of nitroglycerin on myocardial preload and end-diastolic pressure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Vm0Geg",label:"Cardiac glycosides",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lu0w73",label:"Recognize digoxin toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WE0Pu3",label:"Recognize digoxin intoxication, and recall its associated electrolyte abnormality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WMaPnO",label:"Recall the effects of digoxin on cardiac conduction and vagal tone.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/em0xeg",label:"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"kE0mD3",label:"Recognize drug-induced hypotension, and recall the role of cGMP in vasodilation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V_0GMi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"25aTjO",label:"Recall the adverse effects of phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"T-069i",label:"Recognize Samter's triad, and choose an alternative antiplatelet agent for aspirin allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RQalD4",label:"Recognize drug-induced neutropenia, and recall the side effects of antiplatelet medications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QJauFl",label:"Recall the role of thromboxane A2 in platelet aggregation and thrombosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Tm06Ug",label:"Oral anticoagulants",children:[{type:"question",id:"lQavw4",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation, and recall the mechanism of action for long-term stroke prevention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/gm0FUg",label:"Diuretics",children:[{type:"question",id:"OdaIJj",label:"Recognize first-dose hypotension with ACE inhibitors, and recall the synergistic effect of thiazide diuretics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ex08yR",label:"Recognize the treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, and recall the long-term complications of anthracycline chemotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/7m04Sg",label:"Antidiabetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"EE08x3",label:"Recognize acute decompensated heart failure with renal insufficiency, and choose the most appropriate medication adjustment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pTaL7P",label:"Choose modifications for pharmacotherapy in patients with acute kidney injury and heart failure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/b50Hig",label:"Syncope",children:[{type:"question",id:"ko0mXS",label:"Recognize carotid sinus hypersensitivity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HUaKeP",label:"Recognize orthostatic hypotension, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"9FaN4m",label:"Recognize the risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in the postoperative setting, and choose the appropriate prophylactic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/M50Mkg",label:"Aortic dissection",children:[{type:"question",id:"1k025T",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QD0uVR",label:"Recognize uncomplicated descending aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kD0meR",label:"Recognize aortic dissection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tD0XTR",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DD01gR",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C5aqmO",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its primary risk factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0nae7O",label:"Recognize aortic dissection by a tear in the tunica intima.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ssatwN",label:"Recognize acute aortic occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H9aKK5",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test in a hemodynamically stable patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U-ab9M",label:"Recognize Stanford A aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/I50Ylg",label:"Atrioventricular block",children:[{type:"question",id:"wG0hY3",label:"Recognize first-degree atrioventricular block, and choose the most appropriate cardiovascular management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zF0rk3",label:"Recognize Mobitz type I AV block.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z80ZO3",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for hemodynamically unstable bradyarrhythmia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L80wM3",label:"Recognize third-degree atrioventricular block, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uz0pui",label:"Recognize complete heart block, and recall the hierarchy of pacemakers in the cardiac conduction system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"frakgN",label:"Recognize third-degree atrioventricular block.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/w50hmg",label:"Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale",children:[{type:"question",id:"Um0bUg",label:"Recognize mitral stenosis, and recall its hemodynamic consequences.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pD0L2R",label:"Recognize pulmonary hypertension, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mC0VsR",label:"Recognize chronic pulmonary hypertension as a cause of fluid retention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w_0hqi",label:"Recognize right heart failure due to pulmonary 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deposition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/rM0fJg",label:"Cardiovascular examination",children:[{type:"question",id:"_o05eS",label:"Recognize a venous hum.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iq0JyS",label:"Recognize benign heart murmurs in children, and recall the characteristics of a central venous hum.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rx0lwR",label:"Recognize a diastolic murmur, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4A03Pi",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall the auscultation location for mitral valve prolapse.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R_0lLi",label:"Recognize pulsus paradoxus in asthma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I_0Ypi",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation, and recall its effects on the jugular venous pressure waveform.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-ZaDVQ",label:"Recognize the clinical features of heart failure, and recall the cause of a third heart sound (S3).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c5aaQO",label:"Recognize decreased compliance of the left ventricle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B5azmO",label:"Recognize a fourth heart sound (S4), and recall its causes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"z5ar5O",label:"Recognize left ventricular failure as a cause of S3 heart sound.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jJa_Fl",label:"Recognize the cause of a loud S1 heart sound.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UGabAN",label:"Recognize decreased compliance of the left ventricle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zGarbm",label:"Recognize physiologic splitting of S2 during inspiration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/tM0Xqg",label:"Congenital immunodeficiency disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"9o0NVS",label:"Recognize DiGeorge syndrome, and recall its associated laboratory finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/sL0t_g",label:"Nonthrombotic embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"UwabR5",label:"Recognize 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complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MYaMpQ",label:"Recognize mitral stenosis, and recall its hemodynamic consequences.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pUaLVP",label:"Recognize mitral stenosis, and recall the anatomical relationship of the left atrium.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e5axQO",label:"Recognize antibody cross-reactivity in rheumatic heart disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U5abjO",label:"Recognize mitral stenosis, and recall the relationship between LAP and the timing of the opening snap.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HLaK_O",label:"Recognize mitral stenosis, and recall its associated changes on a left ventricular pressure-volume loop graph.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BoazVl",label:"Recognize mitral valve stenosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/9L0N-g",label:"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"smatSO",label:"Recognize acute coronary syndrome, and recall the initial step in 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risk.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yo0n0S",label:"Pericarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"VR0GNf",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2m0TUg",label:"Recognize constrictive pericarditis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-u0DF3",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its cardiac manifestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pC0LGR",label:"Recognize acute radiation-induced pericarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u_0pJi",label:"Recognize constrictive pericarditis, and recall its characteristic physical examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gz0FHi",label:"Recognize constrictive pericarditis, and recall its auscultatory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9-0Nzi",label:"Recognize acute viral infection as a cause of acute pericarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-oaDel",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis, and recall its typical ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n7a7mN",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0taeXm",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iDaJV5",label:"Recognize purulent pericarditis post-cardiac surgery, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/To06YS",label:"Cardiac myxoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"p40L4T",label:"Recognize cardiac myxoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uA0pli",label:"Recognize a cardiac tumor presenting with syncope and orthostatic hypotension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o1a03j",label:"Recognize cardiac myxoma, and recall its common site of origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SOay7k",label:"Recognize cardiac 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severity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LZawXQ",label:"Recognize transposition of the great arteries, and recall the maternal condition associated with its development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W0aPUQ",label:"Recognize right ventricular outflow obstruction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yYad7Q",label:"Recognize a cyanotic spell in tetralogy of Fallot, and choose the initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AYaR7Q",label:"Recognize tetralogy of Fallot, and recall its characteristic ECG finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IVaYDj",label:"Recognize persistent truncus arteriosus, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lUavWP",label:"Recognize transposition of the great vessels, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FQagB4",label:"Recognize transposition of the great vessels, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to maintain ductal patency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/No0-XS",label:"Abdominal aortic aneurysm",children:[{type:"question",id:"xk0EJT",label:"Recognize ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and recall its strongest independent risk factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wO0huT",label:"Recognize ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and choose the most appropriate management in a hemodynamically unstable patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MD0MUR",label:"Recognize abdominal aortic aneurysm, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nD07UR",label:"Recognize indications for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9WaNnj",label:"Recognize a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"75a4lO",label:"Recognize abdominal aortic aneurysm, and recall its pathological process.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jFa_3m",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening for a 66-year-old former smoker.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/qo0C1S",label:"Signal transduction",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZMaZMO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of B-type natriuretic peptide, and recall the intracellular effects of cGMP.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/so0tWS",label:"Muscle tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"VfaGOP",label:"Recall the role of T-tubule density in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fgakuP",label:"Recall the effects of ACE inhibitors on nitric oxide production.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ITaYHP",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/9o0NVS",label:"Resting potentials and action 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myocardial oxygen demand.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9TaNGP",label:"Calculate the mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and ejection fraction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HPaKTk",label:"Calculate flow velocity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tMaXqO",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall the effects of atrial fibrillation on ventricular preload.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-naDDO",label:"Recall the continuity equation for fluid dynamics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qLaCAO",label:"Recognize mitral stenosis, and recall mitral valve opening timing relative to left ventricular pressure-volume changes during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PJaW8l",label:"Recognize aortic valve regurgitation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/T6064S",label:"Larynx",children:[{type:"question",id:"gmaFUO",label:"Recall the anatomy of the superior thyroid artery, and recall its 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lungs",children:[{type:"question",id:"udap7j",label:"Recall the arterial supply route to the bronchial arteries from the femoral artery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Up0bKS",label:"Heart",children:[{type:"question",id:"F_0gJi",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nSa7Z4",label:"Recognize pacemaker syndrome, and recall the typical pacemaker lead placement in a single-chamber device.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y5ad5O",label:"Recall the timing of peak coronary blood flow in relation to pressure changes during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Op0IpS",label:"Thoracic cavity",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ema8hO",label:"Recognize the utility of transesophageal echocardiography, and recall the anatomical structures it evaluates.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/iJ0JFS",label:"Ischemic stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"to0XdS",label:"Recognize paradoxical embolism, and recall the diagnostic finding of the associated cardiac anomaly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/jJ0_FS",label:"Vascular physiology",children:[{type:"question",id:"BZazdQ",label:"Recognize the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide, and recall its influence on sodium reabsorption.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zZarVQ",label:"Recognize right heart failure, and recall the pathophysiology of edema formation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mhaVe4",label:"Recall the effects of adenosine and lactate on vascular resistance during exercise.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"epaxol",label:"Recall the role of adenosine in exercise-induced vasodilation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/6J0jES",label:"Management of bradycardia",children:[{type:"question",id:"dt0oc3",label:"Choose the first-line treatment for unstable bradycardia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yq0nCS",label:"Acute coronary 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cardiomyopathy, and recall its echocardiographic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0-0eDi",label:"Recall the mechanism of left ventricular hypertrophy due to chronic hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rlal9k",label:"Recognize hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and recall its characteristic echocardiographic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Doa1Vl",label:"Recognize asymmetric septal hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rKaf3l",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension as a cause of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w8ahKm",label:"Recognize hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, and choose the most appropriate treatment to prevent sudden cardiac death.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/vr0AQh",label:"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Bx0zAR",label:"Recognize heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/X7094h",label:"Transfusion reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"C80qK3",label:"Recognize transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/OH0Iqh",label:"Drug overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"-5aD5O",label:"Recognize hydralazine use in pregnancy, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/3G0S_h",label:"Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response",children:[{type:"question",id:"yG0db3",label:"Recognize unstable atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate acute management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ht0cW3",label:"Recognize stable atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate rate control medication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8saO9N",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation in the context of mitral stenosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/JF0sQ3",label:"Cardiovascular drug poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"dE0ou3",label:"Recognize digoxin toxicity, and recall its ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vE0Ax3",label:"Recognize beta blocker overdose, and choose the next step in management after atropine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rbafEQ",label:"Recognize beta-blocker overdose, and choose the appropriate antidote when first-line treatments fail.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZFaZgm",label:"Recognize digitalis toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yu0np3",label:"Cholesterol embolization syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Eu08G3",label:"Recognize cholesterol embolization syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vu0AG3",label:"Recognize cholesterol embolization syndrome, and recall its risk of renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X0a9eQ",label:"Recognize cholesterol embolization 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pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/ff0kl2",label:"Chlamydia infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"XUa9bP",label:"Recognize psittacosis, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ka3Lk",label:"Recognize Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, and recall its resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FHagHN",label:"Recognize Chlamydia trachomatis infection in neonates, and recall its clinical manifestations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Of0Im2",label:"Anthrax",children:[{type:"question",id:"0faekP",label:"Recognize inhalational anthrax, and recall its unique virulence factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Mf0M52",label:"Herpes virus infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"jaa_4Q",label:"Recognize nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and recall its association with Epstein-Barr virus transmission.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/nf0752",label:"Cytomegalovirus 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findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/7f04n2",label:"Aspergillosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"1h021f",label:"Recognize invasive aspergillosis, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kh0UUf",label:"Recognize chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2jaT-4",label:"Recognize invasive aspergillosis, and recall its characteristic histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AlaRzk",label:"Recognize chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bNaH-k",label:"Recognize allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and recall its characteristic sputum findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SHaypN",label:"Recognize allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Af0RK2",label:"Poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"ex0xvR",label:"Recognize 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management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9C0N8R",label:"Recognize acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"az0Qri",label:"Recognize acute respiratory distress syndrome, and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qkaCKk",label:"Recognize acute pancreatitis complications, and recall the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IkaY6k",label:"Recognize ARDS due to aspiration pneumonia, and recall its effect on pulmonary shunt fraction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BOazuk",label:"Recognize acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/vg0AC2",label:"Gastroesophageal reflux disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Cw0qOR",label:"Recognize gastroesophageal reflux disease as a comorbidity of asthma, and choose the most appropriate addition to management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/rS0faf",label:"Heart failure",children:[{type:"question",id:"2MaTLO",label:"Recognize orthopnea as a symptom of left-sided heart failure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bLaHwO",label:"Recognize acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/hh0cdf",label:"Acute bronchitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"k30mif",label:"Recognize acute bronchitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/3h0Sdf",label:"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"oG00Z3",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AG0Rb3",label:"Recognize emphysema as a cause of obstructive lung pathology with decreased DLCO.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xt09X3",label:"Recognize elevated pulmonary arterial pressure as a cause of cor pulmonale in COPD.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5t0iV3",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis, and recall its findings on pulmonary function testing.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HC0KtR",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis in a smoker with a persistent productive cough.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GC0BtR",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and recall its impact on diaphragmatic function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EC08FR",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jy0_Ui",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis, and recall its histological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VaaGjQ",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BWaznj",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and choose the intervention most likely to slow the decline in lung function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OOaIsk",label:"Recognize emphysema, and recall its pulmonary function test findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lOavsk",label:"Recognize COPD, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Oa4Fk",label:"Recognize emphysematous COPD, and recall the role of neutrophils in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vlaAAk",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis with chronic hypoxemia, and recall the associated hematologic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VnaGHO",label:"Recognize the clinical features of COPD, and choose a drug that antagonizes vagal stimulation of the airways.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wnahvO",label:"Recognize emphysema in a patient with obstructive lung disease and decreased DLCO.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eoa8dl",label:"Recognize clinical features and flow-volume loop findings of chronic obstructive lung disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KFaUQm",label:"Recognize the signs of COPD with cor pulmonale, and choose the most effective treatment to improve life expectancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NxY-9r",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy based on the severity of COPD.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/ih0Jdf",label:"Bronchiectasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"6G0jZ3",label:"Recognize bronchiectasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jw0_iR",label:"Recognize bronchiectasis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t2aXjP",label:"Recognize bronchiectasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Ph0WVf",label:"Asthma",children:[{type:"question",id:"z60rnS",label:"Recognize asthma in a pediatric patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zJ0r9S",label:"Recognize new-onset asthma in the context of atopy, and choose the initial diagnostic test for a patient ≥ 6 years old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R70llh",label:"Recognize intermittent asthma, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N70-Nh",label:"Recognize asthma, and choose the initial diagnostic test for suspected cases.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M70Mmh",label:"Recognize new-onset asthma in adults.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n707mh",label:"Recognize a pseudoallergic reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QcauXj",label:"Recognize asthma, and recall the primary site of inflammation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eOaxrk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_la5zk",label:"Recognize extrinsic asthma, and recall common environmental allergens.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"umaphO",label:"Recognize the use of bronchoprovocative testing in diagnosing asthma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bmaz3O",label:"Recognize symptoms suggestive of asthma, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-MaDrO",label:"Choose the first-line treatment for persistent asthma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"anaQ7O",label:"Recognize aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, and recall its reaction mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ynan7O",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for acute asthma exacerbation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BxazA5",label:"Recognize allergic asthma, and recall its associated triggers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XBa9z5",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for mild persistent asthma during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/kh0mVf",label:"Hypersensitivity pneumonitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"0Xae9Q",label:"Recognize hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and recall its underlying immune mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o9Y0or",label:"Distinguish hypersensitivity pneumonitis from other causes of chronic cough.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Oh0IVf",label:"Silicosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"3-0SCi",label:"Recognize chronic silicosis, and recall its associated occupational exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VQaGE4",label:"Recognize silicosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g8aFNm",label:"Recognize silicosis in a patient with occupational exposure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/lh0vVf",label:"Asbestos-related diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"EG08a3",label:"Recognize bronchogenic carcinoma associated with asbestosis and smoking.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_G05b3",label:"Recognize occupational exposure as a risk factor for asbestosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qt0uW3",label:"Recognize asbestosis, and recall its expected pulmonary function test finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cz0qEi",label:"Recognize asbestosis, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6-0jyi",label:"Recognize malignant pleural mesothelioma, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EZa8WQ",label:"Recognize asbestosis, and recall its associated malignancies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EEa8xm",label:"Recognize mesothelioma associated with asbestos exposure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Nh0-Vf",label:"Interstitial lung diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mt0MV3",label:"Recognize diffuse systemic sclerosis, and recall its effect on pulmonary function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rUafeP",label:"Recognize pulmonary fibrosis, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nla-Ck",label:"Recognize pulmonary fibrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vNaA1O",label:"Recognize radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aLaQwO",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its pulmonary manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"87aOnN",label:"Recognize black lung disease, and recall the risk factor for this pneumoconiosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XFa9gm",label:"Recognize interstitial lung disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/mh0Vef",label:"Pneumonia",children:[{type:"question",id:"si0tGf",label:"Recognize community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, and recall its common causal organism in HIV-positive patients with a normal CD4+ count.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Q05Af",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for community-acquired pneumonia based on CURB-65 score.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zQ0rAf",label:"Recognize atypical pneumonia, and recall the common pathogens associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bj0H_f",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for community-acquired pneumonia with suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xj09_f",label:"Recognize postoperative pneumonia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gj0F-f",label:"Recognize aspiration pneumonia, and recall its risk factors related to stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jj0_ZT",label:"Recognize recurrent pneumonia in the same location, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mj0VaT",label:"Recognize community-acquired pneumonia, and choose the most appropriate setting of care and treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rj0fbT",label:"Recognize pneumonia in a long-term care resident, and recall the expected Gram stain findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lk0vLT",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management of viral lower respiratory infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zl0rzT",label:"Recall the effects of body positioning on the A-a gradient in pneumonia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I50Ylg",label:"Recognize aspiration pneumonia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p0aLSQ",label:"Recognize aspiration pneumonia, and recall its risk factors related to neurodegenerative disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"paaLlQ",label:"Recognize aspiration pneumonia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"K2aUiP",label:"Recognize fibrinous pleuritis, and recall its microscopic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JTas7P",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for community-acquired pneumonia with suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VlaGDk",label:"Recognize the stage of lobar pneumonia, and recall the microscopic findings of gray hepatization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZNaZ-k",label:"Recognize typical bronchopneumonia, and recall the expected sputum culture findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dNaoZO",label:"Recognize cold agglutinin disease, and recall its associated infectious agent.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"INaYcO",label:"Recognize aspiration pneumonia, and recall the most common pulmonary infiltrate location.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"voaAdl",label:"Recognize community-acquired lobar pneumonia, and recall its most common causal pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pCaLG5",label:"Recognize community-acquired pneumonia, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yCadu5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for community-acquired pneumonia in a pregnant patient with comorbidities.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"JQ0sCf",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening test for latent tuberculosis infection in a patient with prior BCG vaccination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qQ0CCf",label:"Recognize a positive PPD skin test in a high-risk patient, and choose the initial step to differentiate between latent and active tuberculosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IQ0Yxf",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for latent tuberculosis infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BQ0zyf",label:"Recognize pulmonary tuberculosis as the cause of exudative pleural effusion in an HIV-positive patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6j0jYT",label:"Recognize suspected reactivation tuberculosis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ip0YIS",label:"Recognize latent tuberculosis infection, and choose the most appropriate management in a child with a positive interferon-γ release assay.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WnaPHO",label:"Recognize primary tuberculosis presenting with a Ghon complex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dnaoHO",label:"Recognize reactivation tuberculosis, and recall the conditions favoring its development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gFaFhm",label:"Choose the initial treatment regimen for active tuberculosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3FaS3m",label:"Recognize primary tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1va2_m",label:"Choose the initial management for latent TB infection in children with significant TB exposure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Mh0Mef",label:"Sarcoidosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"CO0quT",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OF0IR3",label:"Recognize granulomatous inflammation as a cause of sarcoidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nF07i3",label:"Recognize asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IiaYG4",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mjaVak",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vnaAEO",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis, and recall its associated laboratory finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/nh07ef",label:"Lung cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"_g05B2",label:"Recognize an intermediate-risk solitary pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uh0bWf",label:"Recognize lung squamous cell carcinoma, and recall its histological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pn0L8g",label:"Recognize lung cancer as a cause of superior vena cava syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nt07V3",label:"Recognize symptoms of a Pancoast tumor, and recall its associated paraneoplastic syndromes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a80QO3",label:"Recognize a solitary pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y80nO3",label:"Recognize squamous cell lung carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c80al3",label:"Recognize adenocarcinoma of the lung.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"O80I53",label:"Recognize an incidental solitary pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l80v53",label:"Recognize an incidental solitary pulmonary nodule with low risk for malignancy, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"580iM3",label:"Recognize limited-stage small cell lung cancer, and choose the most appropriate combined treatment modality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"62ajiP",label:"Recognize squamous cell lung carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eRaxN4",label:"Recognize small cell lung cancer, and recall its associated immunohistochemical markers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rkaf6k",label:"Recognize adenocarcinoma of the lung.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HkaK6k",label:"Recognize adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ylanvk",label:"Recognize a pulmonary 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deficiency, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"28aTNm",label:"Recognize the need for airborne precautions for patients with active tuberculosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Hj0KbT",label:"Epistaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"J40s4T",label:"Recognize severe posterior epistaxis, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VhaG14",label:"Recall the arterial supply to the nasal cavity, and recall the management of posterior epistaxis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/sj0tbT",label:"Sinusitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"AR0Rpf",label:"Recognize acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sw0yRR",label:"Recognize nasal polyposis in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DHa1sN",label:"Recognize acute viral rhinosinusitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xtaEfm",label:"Recognize secondary bacterial infection as a cause of sinusitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/vj0AXT",label:"Nonallergic rhinitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Tw06RR",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for vasomotor rhinitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/wj0hcT",label:"Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"iT0Jq2",label:"Recognize Ludwig angina.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pi0Lsf",label:"Choose an alternative antibiotic for acute bacterial tonsillitis in patients with a severe penicillin allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g50Fjg",label:"Recognize acute tonsillitis with a negative rapid strep test, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test to confirm the infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qqauyl",label:"Recognize acute viral pharyngitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Cj0qcT",label:"Pharyngeal cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"mvaV05",label:"Recognize tonsillar cancer, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/xj0EcT",label:"Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma",children:[{type:"question",id:"oJ00ES",label:"Recognize juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/zj0r1T",label:"Benign laryngeal lesions",children:[{type:"question",id:"twaXk5",label:"Recognize laryngeal papillomatosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/ZP0ZWT",label:"Laryngeal carcinoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"v8aAom",label:"Recognize laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive 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management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CG0qY3",label:"Recognize severe asthma exacerbation, and recall its physical examination findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ena8EO",label:"Recognize a severe asthma attack, and recall its physical examination findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/yr0dPh",label:"Hemoptysis",children:[{type:"question",id:"S50yjg",label:"Recognize massive hemoptysis and a pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure after stabilization.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/X7094h",label:"Transfusion reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"E8a8om",label:"Recognize transfusion-related acute lung injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/_G05b3",label:"Bacterial tracheitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"AxYR_r",label:"Recognize bacterial tracheitis, and recall the most common causal pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Ct0qf3",label:"Facial 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syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ZR0Zlf",label:"Meningitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"rS0faf",label:"Choose the most appropriate empiric pharmacotherapy for bacterial meningitis in an immunocompromised adult patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wi0Pqf",label:"Choose the appropriate management for bacterial meningitis, and recall prophylaxis for close contacts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hi0crf",label:"Recognize aseptic meningitis, and recall its common viral etiologies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3i0Srf",label:"Recognize neonatal fever with signs of sepsis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ji0ssf",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8i0Otf",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial antibiotic regimen for late-onset neonatal bacterial meningitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vi0Atf",label:"Recognize bacterial 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cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NSa--P",label:"Recognize aseptic meningitis, and recall its common viral etiologies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8RaOK4",label:"Recognize Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, and recall the typical portal of entry for Neisseria meningitidis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"djaoz4",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and choose the appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis for close contacts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gjaF-4",label:"Recognize bacterial meningitis in adults, and recall the expected Gram stain findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2naTsO",label:"Recognize cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GIaBVN",label:"Recognize Naegleria fowleri infection, and recall its route of infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IraYiN",label:"Recognize signs of 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findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1K022S",label:"Recognize acute viral encephalitis, and recall its common causal pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i2aJhP",label:"Recognize necrosis of the temporal lobes in herpes simplex encephalitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r2afQP",label:"Recognize acute viral encephalitis, and recall its most common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DEa1Bm",label:"Recognize herpes simplex encephalitis, and recall the transmission risk to close contacts.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/cR0aNf",label:"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"p50LOg",label:"Distinguish Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from other types of neurodegenerative disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hn0cGg",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mo0VcS",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its CSF diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YYannQ",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nea7zj",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its characteristic histological feature.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wGahYm",label:"Recognize familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/1R02Nf",label:"Brain abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"vN0A1g",label:"Recognize intracranial abscess secondary to acute otitis media, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"In0Yug",label:"Recognize a pyogenic brain abscess.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"un0pEg",label:"Recognize a pyogenic brain abscess, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/WR0PNf",label:"Multiple 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sclerosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l1avSj",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall its immunopathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Seayyj",label:"Recognize internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and recall neuroanatomy of the midbrain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fRakm4",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9RaN64",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3OaSHk",label:"Recall the pharmacotherapy that targets CD52 in refractory multiple sclerosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rqaf-l",label:"Recall the clinical effect of baclofen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gwaFR5",label:"Recognize transverse myelitis, and recall its cerebrospinal fluid findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xxYEAr",label:"Recognize acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZBYZzr",label:"Recognize 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hematoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Btazfm",label:"Recognize rupture of the middle meningeal artery causing epidural hematoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/eR0xNf",label:"Traumatic brain injury",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nk0-LT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for a child with a skull fracture and signs of potentially elevated intracranial pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gw0B4R",label:"Recall the indications for intubation, and how the Glasgow Coma Scale score is calculated.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nva705",label:"Recognize paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/UR0bmf",label:"Overview of stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"KN0UXg",label:"Recognize a transient ischemic attack (TIA).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5n0iFg",label:"Recognize left posterior cerebral artery infarct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ln0wFg",label:"Recognize right anterior cerebral artery occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KL0UAg",label:"Recognize symptoms of stroke, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bo0H0S",label:"Recognize a lacunar stroke in the posterior limb of the internal capsule.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"go0FYS",label:"Recognize occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aw0QhR",label:"Recognize hemorrhage in the right thalamus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OZaIbQ",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of an anterior cerebral artery stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mXaVAQ",label:"Recognize stroke causing Wernicke aphasia and upper homonymous quadrantanopsia, and recall neuroanatomy of the cerebral cortex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m1aVhj",label:"Recognize posterior cerebral artery infarction, and recall the expected visual field deficit.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X2a9TP",label:"Recognize a pure motor stroke, and recall the affected cerebral artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q2auhP",label:"Recognize a lacunar stroke involving the subthalamic nucleus, and recall its characteristic movement disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pSaL04",label:"Recognize a pure sensory stroke, and recall the affected brain structure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"khamV4",label:"Recognize conduction aphasia, and recall its associated cerebral artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HpaKIl",label:"Recognize medial medullary syndrome, and recall arterial supply of the brainstem.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XIa9YN",label:"Recognize a lacunar infarction of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and recall the associated motor deficits.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iwaJi5",label:"Recognize hemorrhagic transformation as a complication of ischemic stroke treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7CY4tr",label:"Recognize thalamic pain syndrome (central poststroke pain).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/2R0Tmf",label:"Subarachnoid hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"YO0nIT",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NO0-sT",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test when CT is inconclusive.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6O0jtT",label:"Recognize vasospasm as a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the appropriate medication to prevent this complication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wl0h_T",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E2a8jP",label:"Recognize complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the appropriate prophylactic medication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rRafo4",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and recall its location within the meningeal layers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/fR0kmf",label:"Intracerebral hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"kj0m0T",label:"Recognize intracerebral hemorrhage, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zD0rSR",label:"Recognize intracerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CiaqF4",label:"Recognize cerebral amyloid angiopathy as a cause of spontaneous lobar intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/SR0ymf",label:"Cerebral venous thrombosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"_l05zT",label:"Recognize septic cavernous sinus thrombosis, and choose the appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ola0Bk",label:"Recognize cerebral venous thrombosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"soatWl",label:"Recognize cerebral venous thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-DaDS5",label:"Recognize posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/RR0l5f",label:"Seizures and epilepsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"OM0IKg",label:"Recognize a focal seizure with Todd paralysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fL0kCg",label:"Recognize a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TL06Cg",label:"Recognize focal seizure with impaired awareness.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SL0yCg",label:"Recognize postictal lactic acidosis, and recall the associated laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RL0lxg",label:"Recognize seizure-induced Todd paralysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iL0Jxg",label:"Recognize a tonic-clonic seizure, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QL0uxg",label:"Recognize cortical laminar necrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FL0gzg",label:"Recognize a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"io0JbS",label:"Recognize status epilepticus, and choose the first-line treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sUateP",label:"Recognize complex partial seizures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SkayMk",label:"Recognize status epilepticus, and choose an antiepileptic drug that alters sodium ion flow across neuronal membranes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6yajTM",label:"Recognize psychogenic nonepileptic seizure, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/iR0J5f",label:"Focal seizures and syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"9s0NCh",label:"Recognize focal seizures with impaired consciousness, and recall the expected EEG findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/jR0_5f",label:"Generalized epilepsy in childhood",children:[{type:"question",id:"VL0G9g",label:"Recognize absence seizures, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RjalZk",label:"Recognize childhood absence seizures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fPakVk",label:"Recognize juvenile absence epilepsy, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ykanmk",label:"Recognize juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/4R03Mf",label:"Transient global amnesia",children:[{type:"question",id:"oM00pg",label:"Recognize transient global amnesia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/kR0mMf",label:"Narcolepsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"PM0WKg",label:"Recognize narcolepsy, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9eaNaP",label:"Recognize narcolepsy, and recall its CSF findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SSay_P",label:"Recognize narcolepsy with cataplexy, and choose the most appropriate nighttime pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"amaQVO",label:"Recognize narcolepsy, and recall its polysomnographic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/OR0IMf",label:"Syringomyelia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Kl0UBT",label:"Recognize syringomyelia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HA0KOi",label:"Recognize central cord syndrome, and recall the associated clinical finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nha-V4",label:"Recognize syringomyelia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/NR0-Mf",label:"Incomplete spinal cord syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lg0wD2",label:"Recognize central cord syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MP0M2T",label:"Recognize Brown-S\xe9quard syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dk0o5T",label:"Recognize anterior spinal artery syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UL0bCg",label:"Recognize anterior cord syndrome, and recall its vascular supply.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3L0Sxg",label:"Recognize anterior spinal artery syndrome, and recall the preserved sensory function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gcaFbj",label:"Recall the blood supply to the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PPaWUk",label:"Recognize partial Brown-Sequard syndrome, and recall the expected motor function findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aqaQCl",label:"Recognize anterior cord syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/MR0Mnf",label:"Spinal muscular atrophy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q9auM5",label:"Recognize spinal muscular atrophy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/LR0wnf",label:"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"RM0log",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kn0U8g",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6n0j8g",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and recall its effect on motor neurons.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BUaz2P",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and recall its effects on motor neurons.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3TaSqP",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ERa8K4",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and recall the pharmacotherapy that slows its progression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zHarGN",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management before transferring a patient with ALS to hospice care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Faegm",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and recall its respiratory complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Ea5ym",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/KR0ULf",label:"Friedreich ataxia",children:[{type:"question",id:"BL0z-g",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AL0RZS",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Leawzj",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia and associated hammer toes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nga7DP",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its most common cause of death.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UnabsO",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/JR0sLf",label:"Spinal stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"9n0Nvg",label:"Recognize neurogenic claudication, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zn0rDg",label:"Recognize lumbar spinal stenosis, and recall the postural change that relieves symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/qR0CLf",label:"Polyneuropathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"s30tPf",label:"Recognize Refsum disease, and recall its associated cellular defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wM0hIg",label:"Recognize chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and recall its associated autoantibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vqaAZN",label:"Recognize polyneuropathy as a cause of sensory ataxia and hyporeflexia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wEahBm",label:"Recognize symptoms of polyneuropathy, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/7R04of",label:"Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"vT0As2",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ii0YGf",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9maN3O",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall the process of nerve recovery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JDas25",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hwaci5",label:"Recognize Miller-Fisher syndrome, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/HR0Kof",label:"Shingles",children:[{type:"question",id:"_R05pf",label:"Recognize postherpetic neuralgia, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/sR0tof",label:"Carpal tunnel syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Gg0B92",label:"Recognize median nerve compression as carpal tunnel syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vS0AYf",label:"Recognize carpal tunnel syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ItaYUm",label:"Recognize carpal tunnel syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/tR0XKf",label:"Cranial nerve palsies",children:[{type:"question",id:"7L04_g",label:"Recognize diabetic mononeuropathy as a cause of cranial nerve palsy, and recall that ptosis is a feature of oculomotor nerve palsy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5z0iti",label:"Recognize diabetic mononeuropathy presenting as oculomotor nerve palsy, and recall the associated clinical feature of ptosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R-0lCi",label:"Recognize the functions of cranial nerve VII, and recall its role in taste and facial expressions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2VaTFj",label:"Recognize trochlear nerve palsy, and recall its affected muscle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LSawZ4",label:"Recognize a lesion of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, and recall the skull foramen it exits through.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KSaU04",label:"Recognize oculomotor nerve palsy, and recall its potential causes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9SaNb4",label:"Recognize a lesion of the vagus nerve (CN X), and recall its associated physical examination findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CSaqb4",label:"Recognize a superior orbital fissure syndrome, and recall the associated cranial nerve deficits.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ehax14",label:"Recall the functions of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), and recall the consequences of its lesion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ShayW4",label:"Recognize a paraganglioma of the jugular foramen, and recall the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C3aqk4",label:"Recognize Zenker diverticulum, and recall the functions of the vagus nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sRato4",label:"Recognize anterior middle cranial fossa fracture, and recall the associated cranial nerve injuries.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VjaGz4",label:"Recognize compression of the maxillary nerve, and recall its sensory distribution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Oajtk",label:"Recognize impaired cough reflex due to nerve damage, and recall the anatomical site of the internal laryngeal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OMaIKO",label:"Recognize lateral pontine syndrome, and recall the deficits associated with trigeminal nerve involvement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EJa8Dl",label:"Recognize facial nerve palsy due to a schwannoma, and recall anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AzaRvM",label:"Recognize posterior communicating artery aneurysm as a cause of CN III palsy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/FR0gKf",label:"Facial nerve palsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"eO0xrT",label:"Recognize peripheral facial nerve palsy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xeaEaP",label:"Recognize central facial nerve palsy, and recall its characteristic neurological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ga5BP",label:"Recognize complications of parotidectomy, and recall the functions of the facial nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jwa_i5",label:"Recognize Bell palsy, and recall that no further evaluation is necessary.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PwaWQ5",label:"Recognize the prognosis of Bell palsy, and choose the most appropriate response to a patient's concern about recovery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/8R0OKf",label:"Progressive muscular dystrophies",children:[{type:"question",id:"qj0CYT",label:"Recognize Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and recall the role of dystrophin protein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KhaUU4",label:"Recognize Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and recall the role of dystrophin protein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qFaCQm",label:"Recognize Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/uR0pKf",label:"Myotonic syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"tL0Xzg",label:"Recognize myotonic dystrophy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tia6I4",label:"Recognize myotonic dystrophy, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/DR016f",label:"Myasthenia gravis",children:[{type:"question",id:"IS0Yaf",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and recall the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7k046T",label:"Recognize an anterior mediastinal mass associated with myasthenia gravis, and recall the diagnostic antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HL0K_g",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and choose the most appropriate initial investigation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ou0Ir3",label:"Recognize myasthenic crisis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F2agjP",label:"Recognize an anterior mediastinal mass, and recall the associated diagnostic antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XTa96P",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and recall the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q3auR4",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j3a_R4",label:"Recognize Lambert-Eaton syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Na5dO",label:"Recognize Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ctaacm",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/9R0N6f",label:"Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"pVaLvj",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and recall its prevention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zVarCj",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy autopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wkahJk",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and recall the effects of administering glucose without thiamine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3MaSoO",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and recall the role of thiamine in enzyme function.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/BR0z6f",label:"Cerebellar syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"wn0hvg",label:"Recognize cerebellar degeneration due to alcohol use.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1L029g",label:"Recall the clinical features of a cerebellar lesion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SK0yfS",label:"Recognize acute cerebellar ataxia due to varicella-zoster virus infection, and recall its associated neurological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"17a2kN",label:"Recognize cerebellar hemisphere injury, and recall its manifestations on coordination tests.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W7aPkN",label:"Recognize cerebellar vermis injury, and recall its associated symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/AR0Rpf",label:"Ulnar nerve entrapment",children:[{type:"question",id:"jn0_Gg",label:"Recognize cubital tunnel syndrome, and recall the associated physical examination findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"chaa14",label:"Recognize ulnar nerve entrapment at Guyon canal, and recall its associated hand muscle dysfunctions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/_R05pf",label:"Radial neuropathies",children:[{type:"question",id:"S3ay34",label:"Recognize radial nerve injury, and recall its motor innervation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/zR0rpf",label:"Median nerve neuropathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"geaFyj",label:"Recognize median nerve injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Zi0ZJf",label:"Peripheral nerve injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"8L0Ozg",label:"Recognize lateral femoral cutaneous syndrome (meralgia paresthetica), and choose the most appropriate management for symptom relief.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ho0cbS",label:"Recognize common peroneal neuropathy, and recall the expected motor function finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yp0nLS",label:"Recognize Klumpke palsy, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YE0n83",label:"Recognize femoral nerve injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M_0MKi",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of axillary nerve injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pcaLWj",label:"Recall the innervation of the hip flexors and the effects of femoral nerve block.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vWaAMj",label:"Recognize winged scapula, and recall the nerve that innervates the serratus anterior muscle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ySadX4",label:"Recognize common peroneal nerve injury, and recall its effect on foot dorsiflexion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xha9c4",label:"Recognize injury to the right superior gluteal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qhaCU4",label:"Recognize musculocutaneous nerve injury, and recall the actions it controls.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rhaf24",label:"Recognize tibial nerve compression, and recall its sensory distribution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ha424",label:"Recognize a positive Trendelenburg sign, and recall the anatomical landmarks for safe intramuscular injection in the buttock.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j_0_Li",label:"Recognize musculocutaneous nerve injury, and recall the anatomy of the brachial plexus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jka_nk",label:"Recall the characteristics of central chromatolysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V6aGPl",label:"Recognize long thoracic nerve injury, and recall its spinal root origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/bi0HJf",label:"Locked-in syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"9IaNUN",label:"Recognize locked-in syndrome, and recall the artery typically involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/1i02qf",label:"Wallenberg syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"4n03tg",label:"Recognize Wallenberg syndrome, and recall its associated arterial occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B6azMl",label:"Recognize lateral medullary syndrome, and recall its associated vascular supply.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Wi0Pqf",label:"Spinal cord injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"f50kjg",label:"Recognize spinal shock and neurogenic shock due to spinal cord injury, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ui0bIf",label:"Horner syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"7Ra4o4",label:"Recognize compression of the stellate ganglion causing Horner syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ti06If",label:"Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo",children:[{type:"question",id:"_M05rg",label:"Recognize benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HeaKZP",label:"Recognize benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and recall its association with nystagmus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u8apom",label:"Recognize benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/gi0FIf",label:"Meniere disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"CS0qbf",label:"Recognize Meniere disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fv0kz3",label:"Recognize Meniere disease, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vgaACP",label:"Recognize endolymphatic hydrops as the cause of M\xe9ni\xe8re disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Si0yIf",label:"Vestibular neuritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"F9Yg6r",label:"Distinguish labyrinthitis from other causes of dizziness.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/hi0crf",label:"Migraine",children:[{type:"question",id:"kL0mBg",label:"Choose the most appropriate therapy for long-term prevention of migraine headaches.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OL0IBg",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for acute migraine with vomiting.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NL0-Bg",label:"Recognize migraine in a pediatric patient, and choose the most appropriate abortive treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fWakkj",label:"Recognize migraine headaches, and recall the mechanism of action of triptans.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ja30k",label:"Recognize migraine headache.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/3i0Srf",label:"Tension-type headache",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sn0ysg",label:"Choose the most appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy for chronic tension headache.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dDaoW5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for episodic tension-type headaches.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ri0lrf",label:"Cluster headache",children:[{type:"question",id:"3h0Sdf",label:"Recognize cluster headaches, and choose the most appropriate acute treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fw0kRR",label:"Recognize cluster headache.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bTaH6P",label:"Recognize cluster headache.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ga49P",label:"Recognize cluster headache, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for acute relief.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ii0Jrf",label:"Trigeminal neuralgia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ph0WVf",label:"Recognize trigeminal neuralgia, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5A0i4i",label:"Recognize trigeminal neuralgia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AgaRBP",label:"Recognize trigeminal neuralgia, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ji0_rf",label:"Degenerative disk disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"10a2UQ",label:"Recognize S1 radiculopathy, and recall its effect on reflexes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jfa_NP",label:"Recognize lateral disk herniation, and recall the site for steroid injection to relieve radiculopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Pi0W7f",label:"Dissection of the carotid and the vertebral artery",children:[{type:"question",id:"KM0Upg",label:"Recognize carotid artery dissection, and choose the most appropriate antithrombotic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/li0v7f",label:"Polycystic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"SWaykj",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/QQ0uDf",label:"Thoracic outlet syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q8aumm",label:"Recognize neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/kQ0mwf",label:"Torticollis",children:[{type:"question",id:"C60qMS",label:"Recognize congenital torticollis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/AQ0RAf",label:"Metal toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"8NaO1O",label:"Recognize mercury poisoning, and recall its treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/-Q0DAf",label:"Work-related conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fz0gui",label:"Recognize noise-induced hearing loss due to destruction of the organ of Corti.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KKaUhl",label:"Recognize noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Oj0I0T",label:"Pituitary adenoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"L3awQ4",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of a pituitary adenoma, and recall its associated cellular origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/mj0VaT",label:"Otitis externa",children:[{type:"question",id:"3N0Sag",label:"Recognize otitis externa, and recall its most common pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GgaB9P",label:"Recognize otitis externa, and recall its most common causal pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nqa-Al",label:"Recognize prevention strategies for recurrent otitis externa, and choose the most appropriate recommendation after swimming activities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j7a_lN",label:"Recognize acute otitis externa, and choose the most appropriate topical therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/5j0iaT",label:"Otitis media with effusion",children:[{type:"question",id:"On0Itg",label:"Recognize otitis media with effusion, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Mj0MaT",label:"Acute otitis media",children:[{type:"question",id:"Pi0W7f",label:"Recognize acute mastoiditis with potential intracranial complications, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mi0MHf",label:"Choose the most appropriate 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cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GL0B_g",label:"Recognize brain metastasis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EL08zg",label:"Recognize a pilocytic astrocytoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zx0ZER",label:"Recognize hemangioblastoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j1a_gj",label:"Recognize craniopharyngioma, and recall its origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g3aF34",label:"Recognize vestibular schwannoma, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"43a3i4",label:"Recall the histopathological findings and typical location of a craniopharyngioma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l3avi4",label:"Recognize pilocytic astrocytoma and its association with Rosenthal fibers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_3a5O4",label:"Recognize glioblastoma multiforme, and recall its microscopic features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A4aRNk",label:"Recognize medulloblastoma and its association with Homer Wright rosettes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"POaWsk",label:"Recognize brain metastases, and recall their common primary origins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r8afLm",label:"Recognize glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/G50Blg",label:"Orbital disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wt0Pc3",label:"Recognize signs specific to orbital cellulitis, and choose the strongest indication for administering intravenous antibiotics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ewax35",label:"Recognize preseptal cellulitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"O2aI3P",label:"Recognize Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and recall its mitochondrial inheritance pattern.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/bM0HMg",label:"Subclavian steal syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"uM0pqg",label:"Recognize subclavian steal syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/4M03Kg",label:"Endophthalmitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"SDayd5",label:"Recognize acute postoperative endophthalmitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/8M0Oqg",label:"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine",children:[{type:"question",id:"YQ0nuf",label:"Recognize chloroquine retinopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/EM08qg",label:"Hydrocephalus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zn0Z7g",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tn0XEg",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fn0gEg",label:"Recognize hydrocephalus in an infant, and choose the initial neuroimaging modality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8n0OEg",label:"Recognize communicating hydrocephalus, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eVaxtj",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and choose the definitive treatment to improve the patient's condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xTaEGP",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5haie4",label:"Recognize congenital toxoplasmosis, and recall its neurological manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ia4G4",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and recall its clinical triad.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"enaxHO",label:"Recognize cortical atrophy associated with dementia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L6awll",label:"Recognize communicating hydrocephalus, and recall its association with meningitis complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PFaWRm",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"gRaFm4",label:"Recognize neonatal meningitis, and recall the virulence factors of Escherichia coli.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uRapK4",label:"Recognize Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, and recall its initial virulence factor for infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2kaTMk",label:"Recognize malignant otitis externa, and recall the mechanism of Pseudomonas exotoxin A.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UNab0O",label:"Recognize bacterial meningitis, and recall the growth requirements of Haemophilus influenzae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/nL07yg",label:"Botulism",children:[{type:"question",id:"kg0mv2",label:"Recognize infant botulism, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6M0jpg",label:"Recognize foodborne botulism, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kPamUk",label:"Recognize botulism, and recall its cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WLaP9O",label:"Recognize infant botulism, and recall the mechanism of action of the causal toxin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/HL0K_g",label:"Elevated intracranial pressure and brain herniation",children:[{type:"question",id:"mN0Vbg",label:"Choose the most appropriate intervention to reduce cerebral blood flow in the context of intracranial pressure management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MN0Mbg",label:"Recognize Cushing's triad, and recall its association with elevated intracranial pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nN07bg",label:"Recognize uncal herniation, and recall its early neurological sequelae.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GM0BJg",label:"Recognize subfalcine herniation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0iaeJ4",label:"Recognize transtentorial uncal herniation, and recall the associated false localizing signs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tiaXt4",label:"Recognize subfalcine herniation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rOafFk",label:"Choose the intervention to decrease intracranial pressure in a patient with cerebral edema post-stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tna6sO",label:"Recognize transtentorial uncal herniation, and recall the cranial nerve most likely to be injured.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lKavgl",label:"Recognize HSV encephalitis, and recall the pathologic mechanism underlying vasogenic edema.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/tL0Xzg",label:"Mitral valve stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"DMa1IO",label:"Recognize extrinsic impingement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/1o02aS",label:"HIV-associated conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"og00w2",label:"Recognize cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV/AIDS.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gi0BGf",label:"Recognize primary CNS lymphoma in an HIV patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Q0euf",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for primary CNS lymphoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5SaiZ4",label:"Recognize primary cerebral lymphoma in HIV patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ko0mXS",label:"Carotid artery stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"sj0tbT",label:"Recognize symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sM0tJg",label:"Recognize a transient ischemic attack (TIA), and choose the most appropriate secondary prevention strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/5o0icS",label:"Cerebral palsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"so0tWS",label:"Recognize spastic cerebral palsy, and recall its strongest risk factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Lo0wcS",label:"The cell",children:[{type:"question",id:"E3a844",label:"Recognize the chemoreceptor trigger zone, and recall the proteins that compose tight junctions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/qo0C1S",label:"Signal transduction",children:[{type:"question",id:"rMafJO",label:"Recall the effect of acetylcholine on endothelial nitric oxide release.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Fo0gdS",label:"Preterm labor and birth",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wo0PaS",label:"Recognize intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zgarBP",label:"Recognize germinal matrix hemorrhage in preterm infants.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/uo0pdS",label:"Basics of embryology",children:[{type:"question",id:"ULabCO",label:"Recognize holoprosencephaly, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"TTa6JP",label:"Recognize facial nerve palsy, and recall the muscles it innervates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a3aQS4",label:"Recognize neurofibromatosis type 2, and recall the origin of Schwann cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/9o0NVS",label:"Resting potentials and action potentials",children:[{type:"question",id:"3daSpj",label:"Recognize tetrodotoxin poisoning, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nna-tO",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall the effects of remyelination on neuronal properties.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/WK0P2S",label:"The cerebral cortex, meninges, basal ganglia, and ventricular system",children:[{type:"question",id:"6cajWj",label:"Recall the regions of the body corresponding to different areas of the motor homunculus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AeaRYP",label:"Recall the function of the superior parietal lobule in stereognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rSafa4",label:"Recognize Broca aphasia, and recall neuroanatomy of the cerebral cortex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yPadhk",label:"Recognize schizophrenia, and recall the dopaminergic pathway targeted by antipsychotics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NMa-KO",label:"Recall neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S6ay4l",label:"Recognize Wilson disease, and recall neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YpanLl",label:"Recognize prosopagnosia, and recall the brain region typically affected.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kramhN",label:"Recognize noncommunicating hydrocephalus, and recall the ventricular system's embryologic origins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ua3rm",label:"Recognize cerebral contrecoup injury, and recall its behavioral sequelae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/FK0gRS",label:"Amino acids",children:[{type:"question",id:"7da4rj",label:"Recognize a urea cycle disorder, and recall the role of glutamine in hyperammonemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/vK0ARS",label:"Skull",children:[{type:"question",id:"xSaEb4",label:"Recognize acute epidural hematoma, and recall the associated vascular anatomy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/b60HjS",label:"Head and neck region",children:[{type:"question",id:"DRa164",label:"Recognize phrenic nerve compression, and recall its sensory innervation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/e60xPS",label:"Nose and sinuses",children:[{type:"question",id:"MQaM94",label:"Recall the sensory pathway that bypasses the thalamus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/T6064S",label:"Larynx",children:[{type:"question",id:"qz0CFi",label:"Recall the anatomy and function of the superior laryngeal nerve.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/560ilS",label:"Autonomic nervous system",children:[{type:"question",id:"ukappk",label:"Recall the types of acetylcholine receptors, and recall their structural similarities.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/p60LNS",label:"The leg, ankle, and foot",children:[{type:"question",id:"gTaFJP",label:"Recall the sensory and motor innervation of the deep peroneal nerve.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/G60BmS",label:"Spinal cord tracts and reflexes",children:[{type:"question",id:"NPa-Uk",label:"Recall neuroanatomy of ascending sensory pathways in the spinal cord.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zbarwQ",label:"Recognize lower motor neuron damage, and recall neuroanatomy of the spinal cord.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5maiTO",label:"Recognize vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy, and recall its effects on proprioception and vibratory sensation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ynadDO",label:"Recognize the anatomical features of spinal cord cross-sections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/A60RnS",label:"Pelvis and hip joint",children:[{type:"question",id:"YVanGj",label:"Recall the sensory and motor innervation of the pudendal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DQa1y4",label:"Recognize pudendal nerve injury, and recall its effects on reflexes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/-60DnS",label:"Diencephalon",children:[{type:"question",id:"-eaDYP",label:"Recall the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep regulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0UaebP",label:"Recognize secondary hypothermia due to central nervous system lesions, and recall the role of the preoptic nucleus in thermoregulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oSa004",label:"Recall the function of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus, and recall the effects of its inhibition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Yp0nLS",label:"Cerebrovascular system",children:[{type:"question",id:"wSahb4",label:"Recognize anterior cerebral artery stroke, and recall the anatomy of the circle of Willis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/cp0aoS",label:"Eye and orbit",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nwa-Q5",label:"Recognize myopia, and choose the appropriate corrective lenses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZsaZtN",label:"Recognize abnormal neurologic examination findings, and recall conditions that necessitate immediate investigation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/3p0S6S",label:"Forearm, wrist, and hand",children:[{type:"question",id:"vTaAsP",label:"Recognize a ganglion cyst causing carpal tunnel syndrome, and recall the structures passing through the carpal tunnel.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Qp0u6S",label:"Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kdamJj",label:"Recognize ethanol intoxication, and recall its effect on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/lp0vpS",label:"Nerve tissue, synapses, and neurotransmitters",children:[{type:"question",id:"BSazb4",label:"Recall the function of SSRIs, and recall the primary site of serotonin production in the brain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mMaV6O",label:"Recall the events that trigger neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GMaBJO",label:"Recall the process of reactive gliosis in the CNS and the predominant cell type involved.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fpagrl",label:"Recall the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in synaptic remodeling and addiction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/iJ0JFS",label:"Ischemic stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"-n0DDg",label:"Recognize symptoms of embolic stroke, and recall the characteristic ECG findings of its common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6L0jAg",label:"Recognize acute ischemic stroke, and choose the most appropriate acute management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eo0xaS",label:"Recognize lipohyalinosis of lenticulostriate arteries as a cause of pure motor stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jha_d4",label:"Recognize lipohyalinosis of penetrating vessels as a cause of lacunar infarct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9iaNF4",label:"Recognize systemic hypotension as a cause of watershed infarcts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OQaIw4",label:"Recognize anterograde amnesia, and recall the brain structure involved in short-term memory.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oQa0C4",label:"Recognize the presentation of an acute ischemic stroke, and choose the appropriate thrombolytic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MMaM6O",label:"Recall the immunophenotype and function of microglia in the brain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4na3tO",label:"Recall the timeline of histological changes after ischemic brain injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"knamtO",label:"Recognize the timeline of ischemic stroke, and recall the associated histopathologic changes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Uq0bBS",label:"Hypertensive crises",children:[{type:"question",id:"vn0AEg",label:"Recognize a hypertensive 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compression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PL0WBg",label:"Recognize compressive myelopathy due to metastases, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vZaAWQ",label:"Recognize cauda equina syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/9q0N0h",label:"Spinal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"Un0bsg",label:"Recognize spinal epidural abscess, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/II0YVh",label:"Morton neuroma",children:[{type:"question",id:"4l03CT",label:"Recognize intermetatarsal neuroma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/6r0jRh",label:"Transient ischemic attack",children:[{type:"question",id:"uEapxm",label:"Recognize a transient ischemic attack (TIA), and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/b70H4h",label:"Brainstem",children:[{type:"question",id:"RralSN",label:"Recognize medial medullary syndrome, and recall neuroanatomy of the medulla oblongata.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/fH0kph",label:"Vertigo",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rwali5",label:"Recognize acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/KH0Urh",label:"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"4M03Kg",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and recall drugs that can cause it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mn0MFg",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qn0C8g",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wZahdQ",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and recall the mechanism of action of dantrolene.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5TairP",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and recall drugs that can cause it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/CH0qsh",label:"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"u2apjP",label:"Recognize progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eFaxSm",label:"Recognize progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/bs0Hth",label:"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms",children:[{type:"question",id:"NUa-WP",label:"Recognize DRESS syndrome, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ss0y8h",label:"Opioid withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"xH0Esh",label:"Recognize neonatal abstinence syndrome, and choose the most appropriate pharmacological treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PUaWWP",label:"Recognize neonatal abstinence syndrome, and recall its associated maternal drug use.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/gG0FAh",label:"Malignant otitis 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recall its association with urinary retention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WiaPq4",label:"Recognize diabetic neuropathy, and recall its microvascular pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/7t04U3",label:"Bacterial conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kQ0mwf",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ht0KU3",label:"Viral conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"r30fPf",label:"Recognize herpes simplex virus conjunctivitis in patients with atopic dermatitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/st0tU3",label:"Noninfectious conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"OQ0Iwf",label:"Recognize seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/zt0rT3",label:"Cerumen impaction",children:[{type:"question",id:"L9YwLr",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for symptomatic cerumen impaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ZF0Zg3",label:"Serotonin syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"CZaqdQ",label:"Recognize serotonin syndrome, and recall serotonergic drugs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jSa_zP",label:"Recognize serotonin syndrome, and choose the most appropriate antidote.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/nF07i3",label:"Stimulant intoxication and withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"hH0cJh",label:"Recognize cocaine-induced stroke, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hlac9k",label:"Recognize amphetamine intoxication, and recall its precursor in synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/qF0CQ3",label:"Psychiatric drug poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"no07cS",label:"Recognize acute lithium toxicity, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ztarTm",label:"Recognize tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and choose the appropriate antidote for cardiac toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-taDTm",label:"Recognize tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/EF08P3",label:"Overview of fungal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"o900oR",label:"Recognize rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, and recall its common causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/CF0q43",label:"Ear injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"PvaWZ5",label:"Recognize an auricular hematoma, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Q80um3",label:"Sedative-hypnotic drug overdose",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jg0sw2",label:"Recognize benzodiazepine toxicity, and choose the appropriate antidote.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3s0Suh",label:"Recognize benzodiazepine withdrawal as a cause of seizure following flumazenil administration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bjazck",label:"Recognize benzodiazepine overdose, and recall the receptor targeted by its antidote.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/I80YL3",label:"Cholinergic poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zy0Zdi",label:"Recognize organophosphate poisoning, and recall its antidote mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m3aVQ4",label:"Recognize cholinergic crisis, and choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy to reverse neuromuscular dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"q3aCj4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to reverse cholinergic toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/-80D63",label:"Acute and posttraumatic stress disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"4H03qh",label:"Recognize acute stress disorder.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/2f0Tl2",label:"Pregnancy, Childbirth & the Puerperium",children:[{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"bh0Hcf",label:"Recognize neonatal tetanus, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Nf0-m2",label:"Listeriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"v4aAOk",label:"Recognize listeriosis in pregnancy, and recall its transmission through contaminated food.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wp0PoS",label:"Choose the management strategy to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dp0ooS",label:"Choose the most appropriate postexposure prophylaxis for a newborn born to a mother with HIV.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/rf0fn2",label:"Candidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ACaRu5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for neonatal oral thrush and mammary candidiasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/tT0Xs2",label:"Thalassemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mr0M3h",label:"Recognize microcytic hypochromic anemia with normal iron studies, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Svayzm",label:"Recognize fetal hypoxia due to alpha thalassemia major.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rxafB5",label:"Choose the most appropriate fetal testing method for a pregnancy at risk for thalassemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/-T0Dt2",label:"Hypopituitarism",children:[{type:"question",id:"BA0zNi",label:"Recognize Sheehan syndrome, and recall its hormonal findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/cg0a82",label:"Hypothyroidism",children:[{type:"question",id:"HzaK8M",label:"Choose the most appropriate management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/OS0I-2",label:"Hepatitis B",children:[{type:"question",id:"akaQmk",label:"Recognize evidence of successful hepatitis B vaccination, and choose the appropriate delivery plan for the patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/lS0v-2",label:"Hepatitis C",children:[{type:"question",id:"oi00sf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccination for a pregnant patient with chronic hepatitis C infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Ch0qTf",label:"Congenital diaphragmatic hernias",children:[{type:"question",id:"bPaHWk",label:"Recognize a bronchogenic cyst, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/hR0c5f",label:"Antiphospholipid syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Y70n4h",label:"Recognize placental thrombosis secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"880Oo3",label:"Recognize antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy, and choose the appropriate anticoagulation therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/sR0tof",label:"Carpal tunnel syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"VdaGKj",label:"Recognize carpal tunnel syndrome, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/vR0AKf",label:"Inborn errors of metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"eT0xp2",label:"Recognize malignant phenylketonuria (PKU), and choose the appropriate supplementation to prevent further complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rL0f_g",label:"Recognize phenylketonuria (PKU), and choose the appropriate dietary intervention to prevent its symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/hi0crf",label:"Migraine",children:[{type:"question",id:"2uaTqm",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for migraine in pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/7i04Gf",label:"Urinary tract infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"oj00YT",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aEaQ8m",label:"Recognize the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/kQ0mwf",label:"Torticollis",children:[{type:"question",id:"O0aITQ",label:"Recognize congenital torticollis, and recall its predisposing factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/PP0WUT",label:"Major depressive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"utap2m",label:"Recognize the symptoms of postpartum blues, and choose the appropriate follow-up care.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/pP0LfT",label:"Schizophrenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"6s0jDh",label:"Recognize treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and choose the most appropriate antipsychotic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/a40Q3T",label:"The newborn infant",children:[{type:"question",id:"KK0UhS",label:"Recognize normal neonatal weight loss, and choose the most appropriate management for a healthy exclusively breastfed newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6K0jhS",label:"Recognize the need for neonatal resuscitation, and choose the initial resuscitation step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JK0shS",label:"Recognize intrauterine hypoxia as a cause of neonatal polycythemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qK0ChS",label:"Recognize the effects of maternal estrogen exposure in a neonate, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/1402RT",label:"Tall stature and abnormally rapid growth",children:[{type:"question",id:"vK0ARS",label:"Recognize the signs of hypoglycemia in neonates with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/d40oRT",label:"Congenital TORCH infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"JS0s0f",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of rubella, and choose the appropriate management for a pregnant patient beyond the first trimester.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xi09Jf",label:"Recognize neonatal herpes simplex virus infection, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ci0aqf",label:"Recognize the risk of varicella infection in a pregnant woman without immunity, and choose the most appropriate prophylactic treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"di0oqf",label:"Recognize active genital herpes in labor, and choose the appropriate delivery method and antiviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nP072T",label:"Recognize congenital toxoplasmosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LP0w2T",label:"Recognize congenital rubella infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Go0BWS",label:"Recognize congenital cytomegalovirus infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fr0gQh",label:"Recognize hydrops fetalis, and recall its association with Parvovirus B19 infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o0a0SQ",label:"Recognize congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dbaosQ",label:"Recognize congenital rubella infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZtaZXm",label:"Recognize early-onset neonatal listeriosis, and recall its maternal risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GDaBf5",label:"Recognize early congenital syphilis, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/V40GRT",label:"Teratogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"-VaDCj",label:"Recall the complications of cocaine use during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/e40xRT",label:"Chromosomal aberrations",children:[{type:"question",id:"wo0hVS",label:"Recognize Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and recall its associated cardiac malformation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PK0WgS",label:"Recognize trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"80aO3Q",label:"Recognize trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/U40biT",label:"Down syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"bXaH9Q",label:"Recognize fetal trisomy 21, and recall its associated quadruple marker test findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/240TiT",label:"Rare inherited syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"To06YS",label:"Recognize fragile X syndrome, and recall its associated cardiac complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/T406iT",label:"Sudden infant death syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"2S0T_2",label:"Choose the most effective step to prevent sudden infant death syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WEaPum",label:"Recall risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vxaAy5",label:"Recognize a low-risk brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE), and choose the most appropriate next step in evaluation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/S40yiT",label:"Birth traumas",children:[{type:"question",id:"5o0icS",label:"Recognize cephalohematoma in a newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i60JkS",label:"Recognize neonatal clavicle fracture, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/340SQT",label:"Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"f60k4S",label:"Recognize transient tachypnea of the newborn, and choose the initial supportive care measure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j60_kS",label:"Recognize respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LI0wWh",label:"Recognize postterm pregnancy, and recall its neonatal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SMayLO",label:"Recognize neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and choose the appropriate antenatal medication to prevent it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ta5Tm",label:"Recognize meconium aspiration syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/R40lQT",label:"Neonatal jaundice",children:[{type:"question",id:"bK0HUS",label:"Recognize unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn, and choose the first-line treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vJ0ADS",label:"Recognize inadequate breastfeeding as a cause of neonatal jaundice.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CJ0qwS",label:"Recognize breastfeeding failure jaundice, and choose the most appropriate management to address dehydration and weight loss.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yJ0d9S",label:"Recognize breast milk jaundice.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JzasFM",label:"Recognize physiological neonatal jaundice.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/i40JQT",label:"Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"bi0HJf",label:"Choose the appropriate timing for anti-D antibody screening and administration of anti-D immunoglobulin in Rh-negative pregnant women.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rQ0fxf",label:"Recognize hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vQ0ABf",label:"Recognize ABO incompatibility as a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W70Pkh",label:"Recognize fetomaternal hemorrhage in an Rh-negative mother, and choose the most appropriate test to quantify it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cRaaN4",label:"Recognize ABO incompatibility in neonatal jaundice, and recall the role of maternal antibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YianJ4",label:"Recognize hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W4aPRk",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic treatment for Rh-negative pregnant women.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yuadFm",label:"Choose the appropriate management for Rh-negative women after spontaneous abortion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Q40uQT",label:"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"UJ0btS",label:"Recall the importance of vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/4403jT",label:"Acyanotic congenital heart defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"Utab1m",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/L40wPT",label:"Cystic fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"0k0emT",label:"Recognize meconium ileus as a cause of bowel obstruction in a newborn, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/K40U4T",label:"Esophageal atresia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ieaJAj",label:"Recognize VACTERL association, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/p40L4T",label:"Congenital visceral malformations",children:[{type:"question",id:"8K0ORS",label:"Recognize gastroschisis as an isolated defect.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/aO0QIT",label:"Ovarian cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"guaFqm",label:"Recognize the source of progesterone in different stages of pregnancy, and choose the appropriate management after oophorectomy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/dO0orT",label:"Pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"N0a-TQ",label:"Recognize the timeline of early pregnancy detection, and choose the most sensitive test for diagnosing pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-aaDMQ",label:"Recall the physiological changes in pregnancy affecting renal function, and recall the cause of glucosuria in this context.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lVavuj",label:"Recognize increased intravascular volume during pregnancy exacerbating mitral stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ra2TN",label:"Recall changes in maternal human chorionic 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toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cI0abh",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HI0KVh",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension in pregnancy, and recall its fetal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9I0NUh",label:"Recognize postpartum eclampsia, and choose the most appropriate anticonvulsive therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I70YMh",label:"Recognize pulmonary edema as a complication of preeclampsia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"50aigQ",label:"Recognize preeclampsia with severe features, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ebaxsQ",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome, and recall its associated liver pathology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ibaJtQ",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qqaCzl",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HGaK0m",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome, and choose the most appropriate management for a patient at ≥ 34 weeks' gestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fEakEm",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic medication for pregnant women at high risk of developing preeclampsia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iCaJ75",label:"Recognize preeclampsia without severe features, and choose the most appropriate outpatient management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wCah85",label:"Choose the most appropriate antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/UO0b7T",label:"Antepartum hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"kq0mAS",label:"Recognize placenta previa with active bleeding, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5q0i_S",label:"Recognize ruptured vasa previa.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yq0dah",label:"Recognize maternal cocaine use, and recall its complications in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sI0tVh",label:"Recognize placenta 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management in the setting of hemodynamic instability and fetal distress.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XA09Ri",label:"Recognize placenta previa, and recall its ultrasound findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_8a56m",label:"Recognize placenta previa, and choose the most appropriate timing for follow-up ultrasonography.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/2O0T7T",label:"Gestational trophoblastic disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"DI01Uh",label:"Recognize gestational trophoblastic disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wI0hUh",label:"Recognize theca lutein cysts associated with high hCG levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gr0Fgh",label:"Recognize complete hydatidiform mole, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hr0cSh",label:"Recognize an incomplete hydatidiform mole, and recall its ultrasonographic features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n0a7gQ",label:"Recognize a complete hydatidiform mole, and recall its genetic origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5YaipQ",label:"Recognize theca lutein cysts associated with molar pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GYaBqQ",label:"Recognize partial molar pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/fO0k7T",label:"Ectopic pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"zj0r1T",label:"Recognize ruptured ectopic pregnancy presenting with hemorrhagic shock, and choose the initial step in resuscitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MO0MGT",label:"Recognize an interstitial pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cq0q0h",label:"Recognize the potential for ectopic pregnancy in a woman of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7I04Vh",label:"Recognize interstitial pregnancy in an Rh-negative patient, and choose the most appropriate management including prevention of alloimmunization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-uaDFm",label:"Recognize ectopic pregnancy with features of impending rupture, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/gO0F7T",label:"Pregnancy loss",children:[{type:"question",id:"jq0_yS",label:"Recognize a complete abortion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mq0M_S",label:"Recognize threatened abortion, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zI0r2h",label:"Recognize inevitable abortion with hemodynamic instability, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-I0D2h",label:"Recognize intrauterine fetal demise, and choose the most appropriate management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sr0ygh",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management after a stillbirth.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ir0JSh",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation, and recall its triggers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5r0i3h",label:"Recognize incomplete abortion, and choose the most appropriate management in a stable patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-70Doh",label:"Recognize septic abortion, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"itaJWm",label:"Recognize a missed abortion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/3O0SHT",label:"Normal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"gn0Fsg",label:"Recognize compression of the common peroneal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IK0Y3S",label:"Recognize alobar holoprosencephaly, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EI08eh",label:"Recognize recurrent variable decelerations indicating umbilical cord compression, and choose initial intrauterine resuscitation measures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vI0Aeh",label:"Recognize umbilical cord compression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jr0_Sh",label:"Recognize fetal head compression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pr0Whh",label:"Recognize fetal distress during labor, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jr0sRh",label:"Recognize active labor with unknown fetal presentation, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YUanbP",label:"Recognize third-degree perineal laceration, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ftag2m",label:"Recognize false labor, and choose the most appropriate management based on the absence of cervical changes and descent of the fetal presenting part.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cEaaum",label:"Choose the most appropriate fetal heart rate monitoring method when external monitoring fails due to maternal obesity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"avaQAm",label:"Recognize obstetric trauma as a cause of fecal incontinence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DBa11M",label:"Recognize normal progression of labor with bloody show, and choose reassurance and continuous monitoring as management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/RO0lHT",label:"Uterine rupture",children:[{type:"question",id:"Eq08Zh",label:"Recognize uterine rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uI0peh",label:"Recognize uterine rupture, and recall its most specific physical examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dEaoum",label:"Recognize uterine rupture during labor, and choose the most appropriate immediate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VEaGum",label:"Recognize history of cesarean delivery as a risk factor for uterine rupture.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/iO0JHT",label:"Postpartum care",children:[{type:"question",id:"NQ0-wf",label:"Recognize normal postpartum course, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/al0QvT",label:"Fetal growth restriction",children:[{type:"question",id:"_r05Ph",label:"Recognize placental insufficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l70vNh",label:"Recognize asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"duaoJm",label:"Recognize intrauterine growth restriction, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Yl0nvT",label:"Multiple pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"qr0CRh",label:"Recognize dichorionic-diamniotic twins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BC0z8R",label:"Recognize monochorionic-diamniotic monozygotic twins with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HbaKEQ",label:"Recognize monochorionic-diamniotic monozygotic twinning.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HtaKUm",label:"Recognize monochorionic-monoamniotic twin pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xwa9h5",label:"Recognize monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Xl09vT",label:"Abnormal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"xI0EUh",label:"Recognize premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and recall its most common risk factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yI0d2h",label:"Recognize arrested active phase of labor, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kr0mhh",label:"Recognize persistent variable decelerations, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nr073h",label:"Recognize preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rr0fih",label:"Recognize fetal transverse lie in active labor, and choose the most appropriate delivery method.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cr0qjh",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for a fetus in breech presentation at 38 weeks' gestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xr0Ejh",label:"Recognize the normal progression of the second stage of labor in a nulliparous woman, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Br0zjh",label:"Recognize breech presentation before 37 weeks' gestation, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yr0dPh",label:"Recognize prolonged second stage of labor, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GKaB3l",label:"Recognize fetal macrosomia, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"statUm",label:"Recognize arrest of fetal descent during labor, and choose the appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cuaqtm",label:"Recognize breech presentation, and recall its complications during labor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AuaRFm",label:"Recognize umbilical cord prolapse, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZEaZ8m",label:"Recall complications of forceps-assisted delivery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bEaH8m",label:"Recognize protracted active phase of labor, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ea2um",label:"Recognize preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and choose the initial diagnostic step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/el0xDT",label:"Neural tube defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"9z0NEi",label:"Recognize spina bifida cystica with elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LtawVm",label:"Recognize anencephaly as a neural tube defect, and choose the appropriate prenatal intervention to prevent this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Sl0ywT",label:"Regional anesthesia",children:[{type:"question",id:"V70Gkh",label:"Recognize sympathetic block as a cause of hypotension post-epidural anesthesia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/RN0lag",label:"Prenatal care",children:[{type:"question",id:"gK0FfS",label:"Recognize Down syndrome, and recall its prenatal diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hK0cTS",label:"Recognize the need for noninvasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3K0STS",label:"Recognize the high risk of Down syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-q0Dah",label:"Choose the most appropriate preconceptional recommendation regarding nutrient supplementation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WI0Pbh",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening test for gestational diabetes at 24 weeks' gestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UI0bXh",label:"Recognize early pregnancy, and recall the most accurate predictor of gestational age.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PI0W1h",label:"Choose the most appropriate physical activity recommendations for a pregnant patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AI0R2h",label:"Recognize the high risk of Down syndrome from prenatal screening results, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirmation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0r0efh",label:"Recognize abnormal biophysical profile in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yr0nfh",label:"Recognize the recommended prenatal infection screenings, and choose the appropriate tests for a first prenatal visit.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fr0kgh",label:"Recognize elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein in neural tube defects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4r03hh",label:"Recognize intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios, and choose the most appropriate fetal surveillance method.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dca1ej",label:"Recognize the screening results suggestive of Down syndrome, and recall the diagnostic finding to confirm the diagnosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KkaUKk",label:"Recognize group B streptococcus colonization in pregnancy, and choose the appropriate timing and intervention to decrease vertical transmission.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sMatJO",label:"Recognize underestimation of gestational age as a cause of abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3taSWm",label:"Recognize the importance of prenatal screening for Group B streptococcus, and choose the appropriate intervention to reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"syatgM",label:"Recognize individuals at risk of developing gestational diabetes, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/dm0oeg",label:"Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"XL09wg",label:"Recognize fetal hydantoin syndrome, and recall its association with maternal phenytoin therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lr0w3h",label:"Recall the teratogenic effects of valproic acid.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8-0O_i",label:"Recognize the teratogenic effects of valproic acid, and recall the interventions for neural tube defects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RSalzP",label:"Recognize the teratogenic effects of carbamazepine, and recall the complications associated with folate antagonism in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6xajx5",label:"Recognize fetal renal hypoplasia due to in utero exposure, and recall the teratogenic effects of ACE inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/2m0TUg",label:"Parenteral anticoagulation",children:[{type:"question",id:"KQaUC4",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"hracSN",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic for Ureaplasma infection during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Bm0z3g",label:"Influenza",children:[{type:"question",id:"kxam95",label:"Recognize influenza infection in a pregnant patient, and choose the most appropriate antiviral therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"GQ0Bxf",label:"Choose the appropriate vaccines for a pregnant woman in her third trimester.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/gM0FLg",label:"Chorioamnionitis, neonatal infection, and omphalitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"VQ0GEf",label:"Recognize late-onset neonatal sepsis, and choose the initial empirical antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oQ00Cf",label:"Recognize chorioamnionitis in the context of pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8Q0OBf",label:"Recognize early-onset neonatal sepsis, and recall the most common pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xQ0Eyf",label:"Recognize chorioamnionitis with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and choose the most appropriate management in labor induction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ij0YbT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for preventing neonatal GBS infection in labor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hvac-m",label:"Choose the most appropriate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for group B Streptococcus in a patient with a history of penicillin allergy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/mM0V6g",label:"Postpartum hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"mI0VWh",label:"Recognize uterine atony as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"br0Hfh",label:"Distinguish placenta accreta from other causes of antepartum or peripartum hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ir0Yih",label:"Recognize uterine inversion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yC0duR",label:"Recognize postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and choose the initial management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GUaBeP",label:"Recognize postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and recall the mechanism of action of oxytocin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aOaQIk",label:"Recognize placenta accreta, and recall its association with prior Cesarean sections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fHakpN",label:"Recognize injury to the cervix as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"88aOom",label:"Recognize postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and choose the initial management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jva_-m",label:"Recognize acute uterine inversion, and choose the most appropriate initial management step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/sM0tJg",label:"Atelectasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ur0pQh",label:"Recognize postoperative atelectasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"hYacKQ",label:"Recognize neonatal sepsis, and recall the characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xaa9QQ",label:"Recognize the use of palivizumab in immunocompromised infants, and recall the transmission route of RSV.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oPa0fk",label:"Recognize Parvovirus B19 infection, and recall its effects on the fetus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/sL0t_g",label:"Nonthrombotic embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"pw0LPR",label:"Recognize amniotic fluid embolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Xo090S",label:"Zika virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"QrauSN",label:"Recognize Zika virus infection and its transmission, and choose the appropriate preventive measure during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Oo0IXS",label:"Cyanotic congenital heart defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"z40rNT",label:"Recognize transposition of the great arteries, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qH0Crh",label:"Recognize the teratogenic effects of lithium, and recall its impact on fetal cardiac development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AZaRVQ",label:"Recognize Ebstein anomaly, and recall its association with lithium use during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/5o0icS",label:"Cerebral palsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"WBYP-r",label:"Recognize cerebral palsy, and recall the antenatal intervention to prevent this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/6o0j1S",label:"Purines and pyrimidines",children:[{type:"question",id:"WkaP5k",label:"Recognize the use of methotrexate in ectopic pregnancy, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Fo0gdS",label:"Preterm labor and birth",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jq0szS",label:"Recognize history of spontaneous preterm birth as a strong risk factor for preterm delivery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qr0uSh",label:"Recognize preterm labor, and choose the most appropriate neuroprotective management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2EaTEm",label:"Recognize the risk factors for preterm delivery, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c-aawM",label:"Recall risk factors for preterm delivery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"16a2Pl",label:"Recognize amniotic band syndrome, and recall the type of embryological abnormality it represents.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Do01VS",label:"The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac",children:[{type:"question",id:"jE0_v3",label:"Recall the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FnagEO",label:"Recall the functions of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/wo0hVS",label:"Prenatal and postnatal physiology",children:[{type:"question",id:"yladzk",label:"Recall fetal blood circulation, and recall the function of the ductus venosus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/W60PPS",label:"Skin and skin appendage",children:[{type:"question",id:"zdarsj",label:"Recognize oculocutaneous albinism, and recall the enzyme defect involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/i60JkS",label:"Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands",children:[{type:"question",id:"LVawEj",label:"Recognize pregnancy as a hyperestrogenic state, and recall its effect on thyroid function tests.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/_q05ah",label:"Maternal complications during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qq0uyS",label:"Recognize physiological changes of late pregnancy, and choose reassurance and monitoring as the management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wr0PTh",label:"Recognize relaxation of the pelvic girdle ligaments.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tr0XQh",label:"Recognize cervical insufficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DA01Ni",label:"Recognize supine hypotensive syndrome in pregnancy, and choose the position to alleviate symptoms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oKa0hl",label:"Recognize acute fatty liver of pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9GaNYm",label:"Recognize acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ttaX2m",label:"Recognize hyperemesis gravidarum, and recall its associated ultrasound finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VuaGJm",label:"Recognize hyperemesis gravidarum, and recall its fetal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YEan8m",label:"Recognize cervical insufficiency and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eEaxum",label:"Recognize the risk of cervical insufficiency due to a short cervix, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IxaYB5",label:"Recognize polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/lI0v1h",label:"Hypokalemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Cx0qAR",label:"Recognize terbutaline-induced hypokalemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Q70ulh",label:"Peripartum cardiomyopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Ea3Dm",label:"Recognize peripartum cardiomyopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kEamDm",label:"Recognize persistent left ventricular dysfunction post-peripartum, and choose the most appropriate counseling regarding future pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/oH00rh",label:"Vaginal bleeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"BHazsN",label:"Recognize an anembryonic pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Rs0luh",label:"Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"1p02oS",label:"Recognize gestational diabetes, and recall its neonatal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9haNT4",label:"Recognize caudal regression syndrome, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Fs0g9h",label:"Family planning",children:[{type:"question",id:"yKadQl",label:"Recognize the need for preconception care, and choose the appropriate screening test for immunity status.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/bt0HX3",label:"Opioid use disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"vCaAF5",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Xt09X3",label:"Cesarean delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qvau-m",label:"Recognize the importance of informing patients about prenatal childbirth education and obstetric analgesia options.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LBawYM",label:"Recognize indications for scheduled cesarean delivery in the context of previous classical cesarean incision.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/2t0T13",label:"Late-term and postterm pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"3vaS-m",label:"Recognize postterm pregnancy with oligohydramnios, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/nt07V3",label:"Neonatal conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"1Q02Ef",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Q03wf",label:"Recognize neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis, and choose the appropriate prophylactic medication to prevent it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o_006i",label:"Recognize chlamydial conjunctivitis in a newborn, and recall its cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"hI0cch",label:"Recognize the need for contraception in postpartum breastfeeding women, and choose the appropriate contraceptive method.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/N80-53",label:"Infant nutrition and breastfeeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"eJ0xGS",label:"Recall the complications associated with preterm birth related to nutrition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JJ0sES",label:"Recognize contraindications to breastfeeding related to maternal substance use.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nta-dm",label:"Recognize breast engorgement postpartum.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZvaZAm",label:"Choose the most effective method to prevent nipple injury in primiparous women during breastfeeding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/r80fL3",label:"Polyhydramnios",children:[{type:"question",id:"5Eaiwm",label:"Recognize polyhydramnios and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus, and choose the appropriate screening test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/7804L3",label:"Oligohydramnios",children:[{type:"question",id:"Gr0Bih",label:"Recognize oligohydramnios, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l0avTQ",label:"Recognize Potter sequence due to posterior urethral valves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7aa4NQ",label:"Recognize Potter sequence and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/RE0lv3",label:"Postpartum complications",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yh0ncf",label:"Recognize postpartum endometritis, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4i037f",label:"Recognize postpartum endometritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ivaJ-m",label:"Recognize diastasis recti postpartum, and choose the most appropriate management for this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yzadvM",label:"Recognize septic pelvic thrombophlebitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/gf0Fl2",label:"Immune System",children:[{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"EUa8UP",label:"Recognize tetanus in an unvaccinated child, and choose the appropriate prophylactic measure to prevent the disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"cQ0aEf",label:"Recognize lactic acidosis with respiratory compensation, and recall the adverse effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JF0sQ3",label:"Recognize congenital HIV infection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B90zpR",label:"Recall the adverse effects of HIV protease inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hC0c7R",label:"Choose the preferred regimen for HIV postexposure prophylaxis following high-risk occupational exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e0axUQ",label:"Recall the function of HIV gp120, and recall its role in the HIV infection process.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"leav_j",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of HIV protease inhibitors, and recall their side effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IfaYnP",label:"Recall the changes in laboratory findings associated with a response to antiretroviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-iaD84",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of zidovudine, and recall the process it inhibits in HIV replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HQaKx4",label:"Recall the role of CCR5 in HIV entry into host cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"04ae3k",label:"Recall the adverse effects of antiretroviral protease inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g4aFik",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dkao5k",label:"Recall the function of the HIV pol gene and its role in antiretroviral drug resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qkaunk",label:"Recall the function of HIV envelope proteins, and recall the gene that encodes these proteins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o7a05N",label:"Recognize acute retroviral syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tsa68N",label:"Recognize immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Lf0w52",label:"Infectious mononucleosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"6aajlQ",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/If0Yn2",label:"Pneumocystis pneumonia",children:[{type:"question",id:"O60IOS",label:"Recognize Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an immunocompromised infant, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/rf0fn2",label:"Candidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"gQaFv4",label:"Recognize oral thrush, and recall its association with T-cell deficiencies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/0T0e62",label:"Reactive arthritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"LB0wYi",label:"Recognize reactive arthritis, and recall its associated enthesitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/1T02p2",label:"Giant cell arteritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"aj0Q_f",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and recall the role of interleukin-6 in its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"pB0Lbi",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its specific antibody markers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/fT0kJ2",label:"Vasculitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"AF0Rk3",label:"Recognize eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"45a34O",label:"Recognize eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/TT06J2",label:"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"wF0h43",label:"Recognize granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and recall its tissue biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/PT0WI2",label:"Chronic myeloid leukemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"yF0dk3",label:"Recognize a leukemoid reaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/oT0072",label:"Mycosis fungoides",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZmaZVO",label:"Recognize mycosis fungoides, and recall the associated neoplastic cell type.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ng07D2",label:"Nephritic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"2G0TAh",label:"Recognize Goodpasture syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Lg0wD2",label:"Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"yXad0j",label:"Recognize poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and recall the role of immune complexes in its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/VS0GA2",label:"Crohn disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"ISaYa4",label:"Recognize Crohn disease, and recall the role of type 1 T helper cells in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/9S0Nbf",label:"Acute rheumatic fever",children:[{type:"question",id:"bdaHoj",label:"Recognize group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WSaPAP",label:"Recognize rheumatic fever, and recall the role of M protein in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"1ia2q4",label:"Recognize the use of interferon-gamma release assays, and recall the pathogen they diagnose.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jNa_aO",label:"Recognize pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall the composition of caseating granulomas.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PNaWYO",label:"Recognize primary tuberculosis infection, and recall the initial immunologic process in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fnaksO",label:"Recognize pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall its immunological basis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ZR0Zlf",label:"Meningitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"uSapY4",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and choose the most effective vaccination to prevent this infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/hR0c5f",label:"Antiphospholipid syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"GcaBdj",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome, and recall the diagnostic finding of false-positive syphilis testing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/7R04of",label:"Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"mB0VYi",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall the target of the autoimmune response.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jea_Aj",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall its CSF findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"oDa025",label:"Recognize the guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis follow-up, and recall when no further workup is indicated.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/7Q04xf",label:"Benign bone tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q6aukl",label:"Recognize Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and recall the characteristic cell type involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"6MajpO",label:"Recognize autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/v40AOT",label:"Asplenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Op0IpS",label:"Choose the most appropriate post-splenectomy prophylactic measure to prevent infections in pediatric patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5u0i73",label:"Choose the most appropriate infection prophylaxis strategy after emergency splenectomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iiaJr4",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease, and recall its impact on bacterial clearance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Vk0G5T",label:"Seborrheic dermatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"xv0EXR",label:"Recognize seborrheic dermatitis in an HIV-positive patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ek0x5T",label:"Hypersensitivity reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"2O0T7T",label:"Recognize a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tx06DR",label:"Recognize a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to latex, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7x04BR",label:"Choose the most appropriate management step for patients after a type I hypersensitivity reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ny07fi",label:"Recognize anaphylaxis, and recall the mediators released from mast cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UaabPQ",label:"Recognize an Arthus reaction, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wcahej",label:"Recognize acute graft rejection, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bUaHbP",label:"Recognize a type I hypersensitivity reaction, and recall its mediators.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SUaycP",label:"Recognize Goodpasture syndrome, and recall its hypersensitivity reaction type.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QUau1P",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1la2Dk",label:"Recognize a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, and recall the role of interferon-γ.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/2k0TMT",label:"Angioedema",children:[{type:"question",id:"lS0v-2",label:"Recognize hereditary angioedema, and recall its treatment targets.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/4k03LT",label:"Psoriasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"jt0_W3",label:"Recognize psoriatic arthritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zB0rWi",label:"Recognize psoriasis, and recall its associated conditions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/7k046T",label:"Vitiligo",children:[{type:"question",id:"zG0rb3",label:"Recognize vitiligo, and recall its associated autoimmune conditions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Fk0gpT",label:"Erythema nodosum",children:[{type:"question",id:"1F02S3",label:"Recognize erythema nodosum, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test to evaluate for underlying systemic disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/MO0MGT",label:"Overview of conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ew0x3R",label:"Recognize allergic conjunctivitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Pm0Wfg",label:"Antihistamines",children:[{type:"question",id:"_80563",label:"Recognize contraindications of first-generation antihistamines, and choose an appropriate alternative for allergic reactions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Ra5p4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis considering comorbid conditions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"CkaqJk",label:"Recall drug interactions that increase toxicity of purine analogs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8vaOb5",label:"Recognize methotrexate therapy for psoriatic arthritis, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/km0mfg",label:"Glucocorticoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"-A0Dmi",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and recall the hematological effects of glucocorticoids.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"8XaO-Q",label:"Recognize acute epiglottitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, and recall the mechanism of action of rifampin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Bm0z3g",label:"Influenza",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q_0uLi",label:"Recall the concept of antigenic drift in influenza viruses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/_m05Rg",label:"Vaccination",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ih0Y2f",label:"Recognize contraindications for routine vaccinations in infants, and choose the appropriate vaccine to withhold based on patient history.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lr0vhh",label:"Recognize vaccine-associated rash, and recall the concept of live attenuated vaccine replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G_0Bpi",label:"Recall the pathogens targeted by conjugate vaccines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"qF0CQ3",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccination for an HIV-positive patient with a CD4+ count above 200 cells/mm3.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TC06rR",label:"Choose the appropriate immunization for an HIV-positive patient with a low CD4 count.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CNaqWO",label:"Recognize contraindications for live attenuated vaccines in HIV patients with low CD4 counts.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"UFabhm",label:"Recognize surgically induced tissue trauma as a cause of immediate postoperative fever.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/x50Emg",label:"Adaptive immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"1-02wi",label:"Recall the properties of immunoglobulin M (IgM) upon secretion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W-0Pwi",label:"Recall the role of CD40 and CD40 ligand in immunoglobulin class switching, and recall the process of B cell activation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ucabbj",label:"Recall the concept of passive immunity in newborns.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"veaA0P",label:"Recall the properties of live attenuated vaccines that induce strong immune responses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"efaxOP",label:"Recall the function of IgA, and recall the cytokine that induces B-cell class switching to IgA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sTatHP",label:"Recognize the role of the third branchial pouch in embryological development, and recall the clinical presentation of thymic aplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ra2N4",label:"Recognize thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes, and recall the process of negative T-cell selection in the thymus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WRaPN4",label:"Recall the function of the Fc region of IgG.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z4aZ3k",label:"Recall the function of germinal centers, and recall the process of isotype switching.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JOastk",label:"Recognize T-cell anergy in HIV, and recall the role of B7-CD28 interaction in T-cell activation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9paN7l",label:"Recall the target of the checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/QM0uog",label:"Food allergies",children:[{type:"question",id:"rEafCm",label:"Recognize anaphylactic reactions to specific food allergens, and choose the most appropriate dietary recommendation for management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"6g0jw2",label:"Recall the adverse effects of calcineurin inhibitors used in transplant rejection prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fF0kh3",label:"Choose the most appropriate monitoring for patients on calcineurin inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TF06h3",label:"Recognize the side effects of cyclosporine, and recall its uses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kF0mR3",label:"Recall the adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs used in transplant rejection prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3UaS1P",label:"Recognize methotrexate toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lhavV4",label:"Recognize reduced clinical responsiveness to biologic agents, and recall the role of antidrug antibodies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/tM0Xqg",label:"Congenital immunodeficiency disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"wK0hiS",label:"Recognize disseminated tuberculosis in the context of a congenital T-cell immunodeficiency, and recall the diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9K0NiS",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yK0dQS",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zK0rQS",label:"Recognize Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W60PPS",label:"Recognize severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E6085S",label:"Recognize hyper-IgM syndrome, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v60A5S",label:"Recognize DiGeorge syndrome, and recall the associated immune cell deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y60dnS",label:"Recognize leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, and recall its genetic defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ap0QLS",label:"Recognize Bruton agammaglobulinemia, and recall the role of maternal IgG in infancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FH0gHh",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, and recall its effect on neutrophil function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hy0cUi",label:"Recall the pathogens associated with terminal complement deficiencies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"my0Vfi",label:"Recognize severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WA0Pii",label:"Recognize C3 deficiency, and recall its role in opsonization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wz0hEi",label:"Recognize Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and recall the genetic defect involved.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QYauKQ",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease, and recall the function of NADPH oxidase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Scaybj",label:"Recognize severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and recall its effect on lymphocyte counts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2WaTkj",label:"Recall the enzyme deficiency associated with recurrent Candida infections and a normal nitroblue tetrazolium test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Feag0P",label:"Recognize severe congenital neutropenia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WfaPOP",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2faTlP",label:"Recognize chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and recall the role of T cells in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lgavvP",label:"Recognize Giardia lamblia infection, and recall complications of selective IgA deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MhaMe4",label:"Recognize miliary tuberculosis, and recall the associated immunodeficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MkaMok",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease, and recall the organisms it predisposes to infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hOacHk",label:"Recognize IPEX syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SNay0O",label:"Recognize leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dmaoeO",label:"Recognize hyper-IgM syndrome, and recall its associated defect in immune function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ymadRO",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease, and recall the function of the NADPH oxidase complex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AHaRGN",label:"Recognize Job syndrome, and recall its effect on immunoglobulin isotype concentrations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"usap9N",label:"Recognize common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and recall its associated autoimmune complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2GaTAN",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TGa6AN",label:"Recognize selective IgA deficiency, and recall the associated infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kwamQ5",label:"Recognize recurrent meningococcal infections, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FzaguM",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and choose the appropriate prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrent infections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/gn0Fsg",label:"Transplantation",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q50uPg",label:"Recognize acute cellular rejection of a renal allograft.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s50tlg",label:"Recognize acute renal allograft rejection, and choose the initial treatment step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TK06fS",label:"Recognize acute liver transplant rejection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iw0JiR",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic medication for post-kidney transplantation patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EA08li",label:"Recognize graft-versus-host disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FYagIQ",label:"Recognize acute renal allograft rejection, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zcarUj",label:"Recognize hyperacute graft rejection, and recall its immunological cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VGaGyN",label:"Recognize acute graft-versus-host disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"7y04gi",label:"Recognize gonococcal urethritis, and recall the mechanism of antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"6Pajfk",label:"Recall the role of CD21 in Epstein-Barr virus infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ln0vtg",label:"Basics of hematology",children:[{type:"question",id:"MmaMTO",label:"Recall the characteristics and functions of natural killer cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Ln0wFg",label:"Laboratory medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"RYalKQ",label:"Recognize a leukemoid reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HqaK-l",label:"Recognize acute bacterial infection as a cause of neutrophilia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/mL0Vyg",label:"Herpes simplex virus infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"q1aC3j",label:"Recognize recurrent genital herpes, and recall its latency in sensory neurons.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/rL0f_g",label:"Hemolytic uremic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"p-0Lyi",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/vL0Azg",label:"Hypothermia and 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patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iOaJHk",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic treatment for an HIV-infected patient with a CD4+ count <200/mm3.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9laN_k",label:"Recognize Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and recall the opportunistic infections prevented by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nFa7im",label:"Recall the prophylactic uses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in HIV patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Ho0KWS",label:"Bone tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"cgaa8P",label:"Recall the role of cytokines in bone remodeling and healing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/1K022S",label:"Innate immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"W1aPfj",label:"Recognize trichinellosis, and recall its immune defense mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jga_EP",label:"Recall the function of NOD-like receptors, and recall the role of NF-κB in the innate immune response.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9OaNuk",label:"Recall the role of myeloperoxidase in the coloration of pus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ONaIYO",label:"Recall the structure of MHC I molecules, and recall their role in antigen presentation to CD8+ T-lymphocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ia2bN",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors, and recall their effect on CD8+ T cell activation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/W60PPS",label:"Skin and skin appendage",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ujab-4",label:"Recognize HIV meningoencephalitis, and recall the cell types targeted by HIV.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/960NMS",label:"Lymphatic system",children:[{type:"question",id:"ox00xR",label:"Recognize uncomplicated bronchiolitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ydadsj",label:"Recognize active pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall the location of macrophages in the lymph node.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"8maOhO",label:"Recall the effect of aging on immune response to vaccines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/4p03pS",label:"Cytokines and eicosanoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"-B0DWi",label:"Recall the role of interleukin-1 in acute inflammation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D0a1RQ",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of interleukin-2 analogs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Ya36Q",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis A virus infection, and recall the role of interferon in antiviral defense.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VWaG4j",label:"Recall the role of IL-8 in inflammation, and recall its function in neutrophil recruitment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cTaapP",label:"Recognize neonatal sepsis, and recall effects of interleukin-6 on acute-phase proteins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"USab_P",label:"Recognize allergic bronchopulmonary 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pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/rq0f-S",label:"Anaphylaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"gk0FMT",label:"Recognize anaphylactic shock, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aO0QIT",label:"Recognize anaphylaxis, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FD0gTR",label:"Recognize a type I hypersensitivity reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wKahil",label:"Recognize anaphylaxis, and choose the initial step to prevent recurrent episodes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/xH0Esh",label:"Mycobacterium avium complex infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"zu0rF3",label:"Recognize disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an AIDS patient, and choose the appropriate antimycobacterial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BfazoP",label:"Recognize disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an AIDS patient, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/BH0zsh",label:"Kaposi sarcoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q4auQk",label:"Recognize Kaposi sarcoma, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/yH0dGh",label:"Bacillary angiomatosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"5F0ii3",label:"Recognize bacillary angiomatosis in an HIV patient, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/-H0DGh",label:"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"wRah64",label:"Recognize cold agglutinin syndrome, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Xs09th",label:"Allergic contact dermatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"qy0CTi",label:"Recognize allergic contact dermatitis, and recall the cell type involved in type IV hypersensitivity reactions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2-aT9M",label:"Choose the most appropriate management of 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treatment step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/480353",label:"Overview of viral hepatitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"nka7ok",label:"Recall the prevention of hepatitis D virus infection through hepatitis B vaccination.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/A80R63",label:"Strongyloidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"7ba4EQ",label:"Recognize Strongyloides stercoralis infection, and recall its dermatologic manifestations.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Tf06l2",label:"Skin & Subcutaneous Tissue",children:[{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"pFaLQm",label:"Recognize the need for tetanus prophylaxis in a patient with a contaminated wound and uncertain immunization status, and choose the most appropriate immunization strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Uf0bl2",label:"Gas gangrene",children:[{type:"question",id:"ecaxYj",label:"Recognize gas gangrene, and recall the mechanism of cellular damage by 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expected serum finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/MS0MZf",label:"Primary biliary cholangitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"eA0xii",label:"Recognize xanthelasma, and recall its association with hypercholesterolemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/ch0a1f",label:"Peripheral arterial disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"zvarc5",label:"Recognize wet gangrene in the context of peripheral artery disease, and choose the most appropriate surgical management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/1h021f",label:"Acute limb ischemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qp0u6S",label:"Recognize hair tourniquet syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Uh0bWf",label:"Raynaud phenomenon",children:[{type:"question",id:"4_03oi",label:"Recognize primary Raynaud phenomenon, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/gh0FWf",label:"Chronic venous disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"q5aCOO",label:"Recognize chronic venous insufficiency, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Kh0UUf",label:"Wound healing",children:[{type:"question",id:"x_0Eqi",label:"Recognize the proliferative phase of wound healing, and recall its microscopic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/ph0LUf",label:"Wound treatment",children:[{type:"question",id:"3qaSyl",label:"Recognize a noninfected, nonnecrotic stump ulcer, and choose the most appropriate management regarding prosthetic fit.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F9ag65",label:"Recognize factors affecting wound healing, and recall the impact of necrotic tissue on flap success.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Jh0sUf",label:"Burns",children:[{type:"question",id:"lP0vUT",label:"Recognize full-thickness circumferential burns, and choose the most appropriate monitoring for complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JP0sfT",label:"Recognize impaired perfusion secondary to circumferential burn, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mO0VGT",label:"Recognize superficial (1st-degree) sunburn, and choose the most appropriate symptomatic treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_n05Dg",label:"Choose the initial treatment for chemical burns.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oOa0tk",label:"Calculate the burn surface area using the rule of nines.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DIa1UN",label:"Recall the metabolic changes following severe burns, and recall the phases of postburn hypermetabolic response.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iraJSN",label:"Recognize the burn depth.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lxav95",label:"Recognize third-degree burns affecting a significant percentage of total body surface area, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/qh0CUf",label:"Skin and soft tissue infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"G30BPf",label:"Recognize Streptococcus 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severe inflammation, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xxa9E5",label:"Recognize acute paronychia with abscess, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/7h042f",label:"Actinomycosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"jh0_df",label:"Choose an alternative antibiotic for patients with a history of severe penicillin allergy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Y30nSf",label:"Pilonidal disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Kg0Uw2",label:"Recognize acute pilonidal disease, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/HR0Kof",label:"Shingles",children:[{type:"question",id:"yR0dpf",label:"Recognize shingles infection, and recall the mechanism of viral reactivation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zi0ZJf",label:"Recognize herpes zoster in an immunocompromised patient, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DB011i",label:"Recognize shingles in an immunocompromised patient, and recall the histopathologic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PA0WPi",label:"Recognize shingles (herpes zoster), and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BCaz85",label:"Recognize herpes zoster, and choose the most appropriate next step in management for high-risk patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/RQ0lDf",label:"Occupational skin diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"fGakAN",label:"Recognize irritant contact dermatitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/oj00YT",label:"Glomus tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"4B03ai",label:"Recognize a glomus tumor, and recall its cell of origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Hj0KbT",label:"Epistaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kK0mgS",label:"Recognize hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and recall its cardiac 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it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/k60mOS",label:"Adipose tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"QgauEP",label:"Recall the function of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/J60sNS",label:"The somatosensory system",children:[{type:"question",id:"8JaODl",label:"Recall the function and location of Pacinian corpuscles.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"DDa1g5",label:"Recognize senile purpura as a normal aging process.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qAaCkM",label:"Recall the clinical course of senile purpura.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Mq0M_S",label:"Decubitus ulcers",children:[{type:"question",id:"uGapam",label:"Recognize a stage 2 decubitus ulcer, and choose the most appropriate wound care management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BGazYm",label:"Recognize impaired microcirculation in decubitus ulcer 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patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tvaXb5",label:"Recognize adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/gQ0Fvf",label:"Biceps tendinopathy and biceps tendon rupture",children:[{type:"question",id:"ixaJw5",label:"Recognize distal biceps tendon rupture, and choose the most appropriate management for an active patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/hQ0cDf",label:"Dupuytren contracture",children:[{type:"question",id:"TN060g",label:"Recognize Dupuytren contracture, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/3Q0SDf",label:"Noninfectious tenosynovitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"xC0E8R",label:"Recognize De Quervain tenosynovitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/QQ0uDf",label:"Thoracic outlet syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"3raSSN",label:"Recognize a cervical rib causing thoracic outlet 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