npm - @amboss/design-system - Versions diffs - 3.7.4 → 3.7.6 - Mend

@amboss/design-system 3.7.4 → 3.7.6

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package/build/cjs/components/EntityTree/treeListData.mock.js CHANGED Viewed

	@@ -1 +1 @@
1	- "use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),Object.defineProperty(exports,"treeListData",{enumerable:!0,get:function(){return treeListData}});const treeListData=[{id:"a",label:"a",children:[{id:"a.1",label:"a.1",children:[{id:"a.1.1",label:"a.1.1",children:[]},{id:"a.1.2",label:"a.1.2",children:[]}]}]},{id:"b",label:"b",children:[{id:"b.1",label:"b.1",children:[{id:"b.1.1",label:"b.1.1",children:[]}]}]}];
1	+ "use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0});var target=exports,all={hugeTreeData:function(){return hugeTreeData},treeListData:function(){return treeListData}};for(var name in all)Object.defineProperty(target,name,{enumerable:!0,get:all[name]});const treeListData=[{id:"a",label:"a",children:[{id:"a.1",label:"a.1",children:[{id:"a.1.1",label:"a.1.1",children:[]},{id:"a.1.2",label:"a.1.2",children:[]}]}]},{id:"b",label:"b",children:[{id:"b.1",label:"b.1",children:[{id:"b.1.1",label:"b.1.1",children:[]}]}]}],hugeTreeData=[{type:"system",id:"L0/kf0mm2",label:"Human Development",children:[{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/df0oO2",label:"Diphtheria",children:[{type:"question",id:"lT0vI2",label:"Recall the culture characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Nf0-m2",label:"Listeriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"k1amSj",label:"Recognize neonatal meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes, and recall its presentation in healthy adults.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZeaZxj",label:"Recall the function of HIV protease inhibitors, and recall the impact of mutations on antiretroviral drug resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b4aH3k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of HIV fusion inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/rf0fn2",label:"Candidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"dRaoN4",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of a systemic Candida infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ff0gL2",label:"Helminth infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"TRa6m4",label:"Recognize Ascaris lumbricoides infection, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/yf0dK2",label:"Diarrheagenic E. coli",children:[{type:"question",id:"g1aFTj",label:"Recognize enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection, and recall the mechanism of its heat-labile toxin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Af0RK2",label:"Poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"oz00Fi",label:"Recognize cyanide poisoning from sodium nitroprusside use, and recall its antidote.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZdaZoj",label:"Recognize Amanita phalloides poisoning, and recall its mechanism of hepatotoxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/_f05K2",label:"Hospital-acquired infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fy0gSi",label:"Recall the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hUac1P",label:"Recognize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, and recall the mechanism of antibiotic resistance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/YT0n62",label:"Gout and hyperuricemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"V3aGh4",label:"Recognize that elevated phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity is associated with gout.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yhanc4",label:"Recognize drug-induced lupus erythematosus, and recall the role of acetyltransferase activity in drug metabolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mT0Vr2",label:"Hodgkin lymphoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"34aSQk",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and recall its characteristic cell markers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/6T0j72",label:"Anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ty0XSi",label:"Recognize Fanconi anemia, and recall the associated genetic defect.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/8T0Os2",label:"Hemostasis and bleeding disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"F1agij",label:"Recall the effect of broad-spectrum antibiotics on vitamin K levels and warfarin activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Tg06u2",label:"Pheochromocytoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"fiakI4",label:"Recognize pheochromocytoma, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/4g03v2",label:"Obesity and metabolic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"teaX0P",label:"Recognize metabolic syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Og0Iv2",label:"Acute kidney injury",children:[{type:"question",id:"MfaM5P",label:"Recognize acute tubular necrosis, and recall its common causes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dS0oA2",label:"Clostridioides difficile infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"6bajuQ",label:"Recognize Clostridium difficile infection, and recall the properties of effective disinfectants against its spores.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/fS0k_2",label:"Lynch syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"JA0ski",label:"Recognize Lynch syndrome, and recall the associated gene mutations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/TS06_2",label:"Colorectal cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"imaJ2O",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for colorectal cancer screening in asymptomatic adults.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/3S0Sz2",label:"Pancreatic cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nja-0k",label:"Recognize the increased risk for specific malignancies associated with long-term tobacco smoking.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/kS0m-2",label:"Hepatitis A",children:[{type:"question",id:"D301kf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccine for a patient traveling to Mexico.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/OS0I-2",label:"Hepatitis B",children:[{type:"question",id:"PQ0Wwf",label:"Choose the appropriate postexposure prophylaxis for hepatitis B in non-responders to the vaccine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AKaRQl",label:"Recognize the need for hepatitis B screening in individuals from high-prevalence areas, and choose the most appropriate screening test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/IS0Yaf",label:"Wilson disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jeas-j",label:"Recall the inheritance pattern of Wilson disease, and recall the associated risk for offspring when both parents are carriers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ph0WVf",label:"Asthma",children:[{type:"question",id:"uOap8k",label:"Choose the pharmacotherapy for asthma that leads to downregulation of the high-affinity IgE receptor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"24aTik",label:"Recognize reactivated pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall the cell surface markers of macrophages.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/nh07ef",label:"Lung cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ay0R3i",label:"Recognize lung adenocarcinoma, and recall the associated genetic mutations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m8aVMm",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening study for lung cancer in a former smoker with a significant smoking history.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Kh0UUf",label:"Wound healing",children:[{type:"question",id:"VRaGN4",label:"Recall the role of myofibroblasts in wound healing and contracture formation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nKa7Sl",label:"Recognize a hypertrophic scar, and recall the role of transforming growth factor-beta in wound healing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qh0CUf",label:"Skin and soft tissue infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"FB0gci",label:"Recognize ecthyma gangrenosum, and recall its associated virulence factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/V30Ghf",label:"Cholelithiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"9faNoP",label:"Recognize acute cholangitis, and recall the cause of brown pigment gallstones.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/C30qkf",label:"Parkinson disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"-9aDJ5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for an elderly individual who experiences frequent falls.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ZR0Zlf",label:"Meningitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"_L05ZS",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and choose the appropriate vaccine to prevent this infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/HR0Kof",label:"Shingles",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vi0Gqf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccine for an immunocompetent adult over 50 years of age.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/uR0pKf",label:"Myotonic syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"fcakbj",label:"Recognize myotonic muscular dystrophy type 1, and recall the genetic property of anticipation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/vR0AKf",label:"Inborn errors of metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"uVapwj",label:"Recognize alkaptonuria, and recall its associated metabolic defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HjaKbk",label:"Recognize methylmalonic acidemia, and recall the enzyme deficiency it involves.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/li0v7f",label:"Polycystic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"-faDKP",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and recall its genetic defect locations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"GA0BOi",label:"Choose the most effective strategy to decrease the risk of central-line associated bloodstream infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-WaDLj",label:"Recall the resistance of prions to standard sterilization methods.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xkaEJk",label:"Recall the characteristics of nonenveloped viruses, and recall the disinfectants effective against them.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0maeVO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tqaXZN",label:"Recognize the limitations of chlorhexidine, and recall the characteristics of Clostridium tetani.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/HQ0Kxf",label:"Malignant bone tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"GK0B3S",label:"Recognize growing pains, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/FQ0gBf",label:"Paget disease of bone",children:[{type:"question",id:"R2alhP",label:"Recognize Paget disease of the bone, and recall its molecular pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/AQ0RAf",label:"Metal toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZJ0ZsS",label:"Recognize acute iron poisoning, and choose the appropriate chelation therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/sj0tbT",label:"Sinusitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZTaZ6P",label:"Recognize Kartagener syndrome, and recall the function of ciliated columnar cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dP0odT",label:"Pathology techniques",children:[{type:"question",id:"bhaHc4",label:"Recognize the clinical application of flow cytometry, and recall the diagnostic findings for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xNaEWO",label:"Recognize Nocardia asteroides as a weakly acid-fast organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"8A0Oli",label:"Recall the type of necrosis associated with brain infarcts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UiabI4",label:"Recognize features of apoptosis, and recall the role of mitochondrial cytochrome c.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P4aWjk",label:"Recall the histological features of anaplasia in thyroid cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"44a3jk",label:"Recall the role of caspases in apoptosis, and recognize thymic involution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8OaO8k",label:"Recall the mechanism of apoptosis induced by cytotoxic T cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WlaPDk",label:"Recognize acute diverticulitis with abscess formation, and recall the role of lysosomal enzymes in suppurative inflammation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"55aikO",label:"Recognize chronic pancreatitis, and recall the concept of dystrophic calcification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bMaHMO",label:"Recognize acute kidney injury, and recall the reversible cellular changes due to hypoxic injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F6ag5l",label:"Recognize brain ischemia, and recall the effects of ATP depletion on cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/HP0KTT",label:"Elimination disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fo0gdS",label:"Recognize the normalcy of nocturnal enuresis in children under 5 years old, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/tP0XgT",label:"Sleep and sleep disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"zL0rZS",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for an elderly patient with changes in sleep architecture.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/b40H3T",label:"Child development and milestones",children:[{type:"question",id:"fK0kfS",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 13-month-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YJ0nsS",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 3-year-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WJ0PGS",label:"Recognize delayed fine motor development in an infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uq0bBS",label:"Recognize the developmental milestones of a 2-month-old infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2q0TBS",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 2-year-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dhao14",label:"Recall developmental milestones in a 2-year-old.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CJaqwl",label:"Recognize that developmental milestones can vary between twins and reassure accordingly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gGaFAN",label:"Recognize delayed gross motor development in infants.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/U40biT",label:"Down syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"HaaKNQ",label:"Recognize the clinical features of Down syndrome, and recall the genetic mechanisms that can lead to this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/240TiT",label:"Rare inherited syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"beaHxj",label:"Recognize Zellweger syndrome, and recall its cellular pathology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ejaxz4",label:"Recognize Angelman syndrome, and recall its genetic mechanisms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/T406iT",label:"Sudden infant death syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"xCaE85",label:"Recognize the appropriate use and timing of pacifier introduction to prevent SIDS.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Q40uQT",label:"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rialr4",label:"Recognize the risk of hemorrhagic disease in newborns, and choose the appropriate supplement to prevent it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/L40wPT",label:"Cystic fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"iJ0JFS",label:"Choose the appropriate management for vitamin A deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g0aF2Q",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall the molecular basis of its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JNasXO",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall the function of the CFTR gene.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/D401lT",label:"Febrile seizures",children:[{type:"question",id:"QRau54",label:"Recognize simple febrile seizures, and recall the mechanism of action of antipyretics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/940NlT",label:"Neuroblastoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"vIaAeN",label:"Recognize neuroblastoma, and recall its genetic alterations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ak0QmT",label:"Impetigo",children:[{type:"question",id:"h_0cLi",label:"Recognize bullous impetigo, and recall its underlying cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mk0VoT",label:"Porphyrias",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Va3uj",label:"Recognize acute intermittent porphyria, and recall its inheritance pattern.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZA0ZRi",label:"Recognize secondary syphilis, and choose the most appropriate confirmatory test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/_k05qT",label:"Breast cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"VVaGtj",label:"Recognize Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and recall the genetic principle of loss of heterozygosity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/oO00tT",label:"Keratitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hy0Kgi",label:"Recognize bacterial keratitis in contact lens users, and recall the typical causative organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/IO0YFT",label:"Glaucoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"b3aHS4",label:"Recognize the side effects of prostaglandin F2α analogs used in glaucoma therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/zO0rET",label:"Human papillomavirus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"qKaChl",label:"Recognize anal cancer associated with HPV, and recall the role of p53 protein inactivation in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Vl0GDT",label:"Staphylococcal diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Ua3WP",label:"Recognize toxic shock syndrome, and recall the function of Staphylococcus aureus protein A.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ol00BT",label:"Tumor markers",children:[{type:"question",id:"k2am3P",label:"Recall the immunohistochemical markers for neuronal origin tumors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Qa2E4",label:"Recognize cytokeratin-positive lymph node metastasis from a skin primary neoplasm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Oa3sk",label:"Recognize rhabdomyosarcoma by positive desmin staining.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"5j0iaT",label:"Calculate the volume of distribution of a drug.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ux0pyR",label:"Recall drug interactions that may increase warfarin bioavailability and cause toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rA0fOi",label:"Choose the correct maintenance dose calculation for oral antibiotics with known clearance and bioavailability.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bz0Hri",label:"Recognize first order kinetics, and recall the drug concentration after multiple half-lives.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1z027i",label:"Recall the concept of bioavailability, and recognize its implications on drug administration routes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B1azQj",label:"Recall the effects of competitive antagonists on dose-response curves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y1adjj",label:"Recall the Michaelis-Menten plot curve that represents an allosteric effect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Wa5Lj",label:"Recall the concept of drug efficacy in the context of partial versus full agonists.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ha3V4",label:"Recognize a stroke, and recall drug interactions that may lead to subtherapeutic anticoagulation in patients on warfarin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Pa4Tk",label:"Recognize isoniazid hepatitis, and recall the pharmacokinetic process of acetylation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Oa5Ek",label:"Recall the effect of CYP3A4 inhibitors on statin metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6lajBk",label:"Recognize hepatocellular carcinoma associated with aflatoxin exposure, and recall the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WIaPbN",label:"Recall the concept of drug potentiation, and recall the role of CYP3A4 in drug metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KraURN",label:"Recognize permissive drug interactions, and choose drugs that enhance the effect of bronchodilators in asthma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/tN0X1g",label:"Sympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"feakyj",label:"Recall the effects of β2 receptor agonists.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gPaFVk",label:"Recall the therapeutic use of selective alpha-1 agonists for nasal congestion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/uN0p1g",label:"Beta blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"8paOrl",label:"Recognize a hypertensive emergency, and choose the appropriate antihypertensive therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/EN081g",label:"Inhalational anesthetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"tXaX-Q",label:"Recall the impact of anesthetic lipid solubility on emergence from anesthesia in obese patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jTa_qP",label:"Recall the relationship between MAC, blood-gas partition coefficient, and anesthetic potency and recovery time.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/vN0A1g",label:"Intravenous anesthetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"tjaXXk",label:"Recall the effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, and recall the neurotransmitter glutamate's role in anesthesia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hnacGO",label:"Recall the concept of drug redistribution and its effect on anesthetic recovery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/DN01Wg",label:"Skeletal muscle relaxants",children:[{type:"question",id:"_na5DO",label:"Recall the unique elimination properties of atracurium.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/CN0qWg",label:"Sedative-hypnotic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"g6aF4l",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines in status epilepticus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/BN0zWg",label:"Non-opioid analgesics",children:[{type:"question",id:"ldavJj",label:"Recognize drug interactions that reduce the efficacy of loop diuretics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/yN0ddg",label:"Opioids",children:[{type:"question",id:"ujapXk",label:"Recall the side effects of long-term opioid therapy that do not diminish with tolerance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KPaUfk",label:"Recognize opioid withdrawal, and recall the effects of partial opioid agonists.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ym0nVg",label:"Second-line lipid-lowering agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"Iy0Ygi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of gemfibrozil.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"tUaXUP",label:"Recognize Reye syndrome, and recall the effects of aspirin on uric acid elimination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PiaW74",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of aspirin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/2m0TUg",label:"Parenteral anticoagulation",children:[{type:"question",id:"z4arNk",label:"Recognize the pharmacodynamics of medications used in the treatment of pulmonary embolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/gm0FUg",label:"Diuretics",children:[{type:"question",id:"Tu06q3",label:"",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qz0usi",label:"",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"hw0ciR",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of 5-fluorouracil, and events in specific cell cycle stages.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fy0kei",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of paclitaxel.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pz0WGi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents, and recognize their ototoxic side effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"54aiPk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action and adverse effects of bleomycin, and its effect on the cell cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u4apOk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of teniposide.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_4a5Nk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of topoisomerase I inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ka25k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action and dietary considerations for antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PkaWLk",label:"Recognize hairy cell leukemia, and recall the mechanism of action of its first-line treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"vA0Ali",label:"Recall the mechanism of antistaphylococcal penicillins, and recall the common causes of folliculitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xA0ENi",label:"Recall the adverse effects associated with antibiotics that disrupt cell membranes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pWaLmj",label:"Recall the mechanism of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CWaqnj",label:"Recognize spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and recall the microbial coverage and mechanism of action of cephalosporins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WdaPKj",label:"Recognize Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and recall the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WVaPtj",label:"Recall the mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Ua4eP",label:"Recognize anaplasmosis, and recall the mechanism of action of doxycycline.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S2aySP",label:"Recall the effect of polyvalent cations on fluoroquinolone absorption.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T3a634",label:"Recognize the effects of in utero tetracycline exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rjafbk",label:"Recall the mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3kaSnk",label:"Recognize primary syphilis, and recall the mechanism of action of penicillin G.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EOa88k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action and intracellular activity of pyrazinamide.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ela8Ak",label:"Recognize aminoglycoside-penicillin synergy, and recall its mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hNacaO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of rifampin, and recall the process of RNA synthesis from DNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N5a-4O",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of bleomycin, and recall the mechanism of action of metronidazole.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kMamKO",label:"Recognize metronidazole adverse effects, and recall the pathogens it treats.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YLanwO",label:"Recall the effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on bacterial cell walls, and recall the characteristics of gram-positive bacteria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jra_SN",label:"Choose the characteristic of pharmacotherapy for Clostridium difficile infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/6m0jgg",label:"Antifungals",children:[{type:"question",id:"YaanQQ",label:"Recall the effect of gastric pH on drug absorption.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xlaE_k",label:"Recognize theophylline toxicity, and recall drug interactions with cytochrome P450 inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/pm0Lgg",label:"Antiviral agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"KA0Uki",label:"Recognize herpes simplex virus infection in an immunocompromised patient, and choose an antiviral treatment that does not require viral kinase activation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rXafzQ",label:"Recognize treatment for chronic hepatitis C, and recall the mechanism of action of ribavirin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ucapVj",label:"Recognize foscarnet-induced hypocalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U4abik",label:"Recall drug interactions that increase the risk of myelosuppression with antiretroviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TOa67k",label:"Recall the activation mechanism of guanosine analog antivirals, and recall their selective toxicity in virally infected cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qm0Cgg",label:"Antiemetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"Uv0bz3",label:"Recognize chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and recall the side effects of 5-HT3 antagonists.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/7m04Sg",label:"Antidiabetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"i0aJfQ",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of insulin secretagogues, and recall the regulation of insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9XaNZj",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LWawNj",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jma_2O",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of meglitinides and sulfonylureas.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Gm0BSg",label:"Insulin",children:[{type:"question",id:"IXaYzQ",label:"Recall the effects of insulin on gluconeogenesis, and recall the role of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Bm0z3g",label:"Influenza",children:[{type:"question",id:"ii0Jrf",label:"Recognize early influenza in high-risk patients, and choose the most appropriate antiviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fi0gtf",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for a patient with diabetes during flu season.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9i0NFf",label:"Choose the appropriate influenza vaccine for a patient with a history of egg allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tca6bj",label:"Recognize influenza virus infection, and recall the mechanism of action of neuraminidase inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/_m05Rg",label:"Vaccination",children:[{type:"question",id:"cj0azf",label:"Recognize precautions for DTaP vaccine administration, and choose the condition that supports deferring the vaccine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2NaT0O",label:"Recall the target pathogen of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oHa0rN",label:"Choose the appropriate immunization recommendation for a child with mild acute illness.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wBah1M",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of mRNA vaccines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"LQ0w9f",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for patients traveling to the southern hemisphere.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Q04xf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccine for an immunocompromised older adult.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HQ0Kxf",label:"Choose the appropriate timing for DTaP vaccination in preterm infants.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OqaIAl",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccinations for a young healthy adult.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/x50Emg",label:"Adaptive immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"URabm4",label:"Recall the immunophenotype of mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vRaAK4",label:"Recall the process of positive selection of T cells in the thymus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"JB0sbi",label:"Recognize G6PD deficiency inheritance, and recall its probability calculation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6y0jTi",label:"Recognize Tay-Sachs disease, and recall the effects of frameshift mutations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LA0w4i",label:"Recognize phenylketonuria, and calculate the carrier status probability for an autosomal recessive disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KcaUWj",label:"Recognize Klinefelter syndrome, and recall the mechanism of X chromosome inactivation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JcasWj",label:"Recall the inheritance pattern of Kartagener syndrome, and recall how to calculate the probability of offspring being affected using Mendelian principles and the Hardy-Weinberg law.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L1awhj",label:"Recall the concept of variable expressivity in genetics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XWa9Pj",label:"Recall the concept of confined placental mosaicism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i4aJQk",label:"Recall the characteristics of X-linked recessive inheritance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GlaByk",label:"Recall the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and calculate the probability of an autosomal recessive disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jpasql",label:"Recall the characteristics of multifactorial (polygenic) inheritance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0IaeYN",label:"Recognize meningocele as a multifactorial inheritance disorder, and recall how recurrence risk correlates with affected relatives.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/WM0Png",label:"General oncology",children:[{type:"question",id:"4ca3cj",label:"Recall the components of tumor grading systems.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E1a8ij",label:"Recall the role of matrix metalloproteinases in cancer metastasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pgaLwP",label:"Recognize villous adenomas, and recall the role of β-catenin in their pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2RaTm4",label:"Recognize squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, and recall factors affecting prognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l4avjk",label:"Recall the histopathological features of carcinoma in situ.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I4aYkk",label:"Recall the role of P-glycoprotein in multidrug resistance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/QM0uog",label:"Food allergies",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xq09CS",label:"Recognize infantile colic, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"fUakcP",label:"Recognize ankylosing spondylitis, and recall the mechanism of action of TNF-α inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P3aWi4",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of azathioprine, and recall the role of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in purine metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R4alQk",label:"Recall the indications for trastuzumab, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ckaa5k",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of bevacizumab.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Ma4JO",label:"Recall the indications for bevacizumab, and recall its contraindications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/FM0gqg",label:"Cleft lip and cleft palate",children:[{type:"question",id:"vz0Aui",label:"Recall the embryological origin of cleft lip.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"T_06ni",label:"Recognize bacterial tonsillopharyngitis caused by GAS, and recall the role of M protein in inhibiting phagocytosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IdaYrj",label:"Recognize Bacteroides fragilis infection, and recall its common habitat in the human body.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J2asiP",label:"Recognize Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in burn wounds, and recall its virulence factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HSaKa4",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus epidermidis infection, and recall its major virulence factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Qaeu4",label:"Recognize otitis media caused by Haemophilus influenzae, and recall the mechanism of its virulence factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hjacZk",label:"Recognize lobar pneumonia, and recall the virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qjaCYk",label:"Recall the microbiological properties of Haemophilus influenzae, and recall infections that can be prevented by Hib vaccination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9kaNJk",label:"Recognize the use of Thayer-Martin agar, and recall the condition it isolates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5OaiGk",label:"Recognize Klebsiella pneumoniae as a cause of nosocomial acute pyelonephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HNaKcO",label:"Recall the characteristics of bacteria without a cell wall.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CMaqIO",label:"Recognize catheter-related bloodstream infections, and choose the most appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f6ak4l",label:"Recognize Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn wound infection, and recall the mechanism of its exotoxin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xu09p3",label:"Recognize rhinovirus as a cause of the common cold, and recall its cellular receptor for virulence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1aa2jQ",label:"Recall the concept of viral recombination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WaaPjQ",label:"Recall the concept of phenotypic mixing in viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Ya57Q",label:"Recognize viral reassortment, and recall its occurrence in segmented RNA viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qPaCfk",label:"Recall the virulence factor of parvovirus B19.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C4aqlk",label:"Recognize herpetic whitlow, and recall the structure of herpes simplex virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B4azlk",label:"Recognize adult T-cell leukemia, and recall the properties of its causal virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hkacnk",label:"Recognize the characteristics of herpesviruses, and recall the conditions they can cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dka1Jk",label:"Recall the role of viral surface glycoproteins in determining host range.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lNavYO",label:"Recognize the characteristics of (+)ssRNA viruses, and recall the diseases they can cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MNaMbO",label:"Recall the effectiveness of ethanol as a virucidal agent, and recall the characteristics of herpes simplex virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GNaBcO",label:"Recall the characteristics of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"06aejl",label:"Recall microscopic characteristics of the rotavirus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QBau0M",label:"Recognize COVID-19, and recall its viral entry receptor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/On0Itg",label:"Introduction to geriatrics",children:[{type:"question",id:"YqanCl",label:"Recognize the risks of polypharmacy in the elderly, and recall the Beers criteria.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/In0Yug",label:"General bacteriology",children:[{type:"question",id:"lYav6Q",label:"Recall the concept of specialized transduction and its role in bacterial pathogenicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QeauAj",label:"Recognize septic shock due to Pseudomonas bacteremia, and recall the role of lipid A in hypotension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dQaoE4",label:"Recall the relationship between peptidoglycan content and Gram staining results.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xla9vk",label:"Recall the process of bacterial transformation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M6aMll",label:"Recall the mechanism of bacterial conjugation for horizontal gene transfer.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/pL0LAg",label:"Pelvic inflammatory disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"5T0ir2",label:"Recognize pelvic inflammatory disease, and choose the most appropriate additional test for sexually transmitted infections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Wo0PaS",label:"Differences (disorders) of sex development",children:[{type:"question",id:"60ajSQ",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome with somatic mosaicism, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/jo0_bS",label:"Antiarrhythmic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hz0K8i",label:"Recall the effects of class IC antiarrhythmics on the cardiac action potential, and recall the role of voltage-gated sodium channels in phase 0.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/4o03XS",label:"Lipid disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"TWa6kj",label:"Recognize hereditary abetalipoproteinemia, and choose the most appropriate dietary modification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nsa7vN",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening for a middle-aged adult male with no additional ASCVD risk factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Mo0McS",label:"The cell cycle",children:[{type:"question",id:"RTalqP",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of erlotinib, and recall the phases of the cell cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GkaB6k",label:"Recall the function of Rb protein in cell cycle regulation, and recall the effect of CDK4 activation on Rb.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2paTKl",label:"Recall the role of cyclin B in cell cycle regulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cpaq7l",label:"Recall the cell types most affected by chemotherapeutic agents targeting DNA replication.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Lo0wcS",label:"The cell",children:[{type:"question",id:"deaoBj",label:"Recall the concept of facilitated diffusion, and recall its examples in different tissues.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s2atQP",label:"Recall the cellular structures stained by Nissl stain, and recall the distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum in neurons.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6hajU4",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of colchicine, and recall the cellular processes dependent on microtubules.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YOanIk",label:"Recall the role of calcium ions in cell adhesion mediated by cadherins.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/oo001S",label:"Nucleotides, DNA, and RNA",children:[{type:"question",id:"sy0tgi",label:"Recall the composition of histones, and recall their interaction with DNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gy0Bgi",label:"Recall the function of histone deacetylase, and recall its effect on DNA coiling.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ko0U1S",label:"DNA replication and repair",children:[{type:"question",id:"CB0q1i",label:"Recall the indications and mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones, and recall the process of bacterial DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ey08Si",label:"Recall the functions of DNA polymerase I in bacterial DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vy0ASi",label:"Recognize xeroderma pigmentosum, and recall the role of excision endonuclease in DNA repair.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dy01hi",label:"Recognize malignant melanoma, and recall the effects of UV radiation on DNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"By0zhi",label:"Recognize xeroderma pigmentosum, and recall its clinical presentation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wA0hNi",label:"Recall the function of telomerase in eukaryotic cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l_0voi",label:"Recall the characteristics of eukaryotic DNA replication origins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6_0j6i",label:"Recall the initial step of base excision repair and the role of DNA glycosylase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p_0L6i",label:"Recall the unique functions of DNA polymerase I in prokaryotic DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J_0s6i",label:"Recall the role of primase in DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f4akik",label:"Recall the primary mechanism of DNA repair for radiation-induced damage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T4a6ik",label:"Recall the process of lagging strand synthesis in DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b6aHjl",label:"Recall the function of DNA polymerase III in DNA replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m6aVll",label:"Recall the cellular effects of ionizing radiation on cancer cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/po0L1S",label:"Gene expression and transcription",children:[{type:"question",id:"6Vajvj",label:"Recall eukaryotic cell organelles, and the location of RNA polymerase I.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mlaVxk",label:"Recall the function of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in mRNA processing.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"plaLBk",label:"Recall the regulation of the lac operon by glucose and lactose, and recall the role of adenylate cyclase in cAMP production.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ulapAk",label:"Recall the process of alternative pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Jo0s1S",label:"Translation and protein synthesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"RA0lji",label:"Recognize diphtheria, and recall the mechanism of diphtheria toxin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kYam6Q",label:"Recall the concept of degeneracy in the genetic code.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dcaoYj",label:"Recall the genetic code for amino acids, and recognize the clinical features of ataxia-telangiectasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N2a-3P",label:"Recall the steps of the elongation phase of protein synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d4aoRk",label:"Recall the concept of point mutations, and recall the mRNA stop codon sequences.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"skat6k",label:"Recall the role of the AUG start codon in translation initiation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZlaZvk",label:"Recall the function of N-terminal peptidase, and recall the anticodon for the start codon in eukaryotic mRNA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G5aBlO",label:"Recall the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/qo0C1S",label:"Signal transduction",children:[{type:"question",id:"7A04Oi",label:"Recognize metoprolol toxicity, and recall its effect on adenylyl cyclase activity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zWarLj",label:"Recognize severe hypoglycemia treatment, and recall the mechanism of action of glucagon.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MUaMdP",label:"Recall the treatment for anemia of chronic kidney disease, and recall the EPO receptor signaling pathway.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lTavIP",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of fenoldopam, and recall the intracellular signaling pathways of Gs protein-coupled receptors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KTaU7P",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of tamsulosin, and recall the intracellular signaling pathways affected by alpha-1 receptor inhibition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MKaMSl",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of desmopressin, and recall its effect on kidney principal cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/ro0fWS",label:"Connective tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"TPa6Vk",label:"Recall the role of hydrogen and disulfide bonds in collagen synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WNaPZO",label:"Recall alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and recall the properties of elastin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wmah3O",label:"Recall the phases of wound healing, and recall the types of collagen involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/7o04WS",label:"Cartilage",children:[{type:"question",id:"KdaUIj",label:"Recall the role of perichondrium in cartilage regeneration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/so0tWS",label:"Muscle tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qhaud4",label:"Recall the role of troponin C in muscle contraction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/uo0pdS",label:"Basics of embryology",children:[{type:"question",id:"PeaW_j",label:"Recall the events occurring during prophase I of meiosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hfacNP",label:"Recall the stages of meiosis, and recall the cause of nondisjunction in triple X syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QPauek",label:"Recognize alobar holoprosencephaly, and recall the associated protein family involved in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"7Ta4HP",label:"Recall the timeline of embryonic development, and recall the events occurring in week 3.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hSaczP",label:"Recognize cervical radiculopathy, and recall the embryologic origin of the nucleus pulposus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z3aZS4",label:"Recognize first branchial arch anomalies, and recall its derivatives.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/9o0NVS",label:"Resting potentials and action potentials",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nca-cj",label:"Recall the role of voltage-gated potassium channels in cardiac action potentials.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"llavCk",label:"Recall the determinants of resting membrane potential, and recall the role of ion permeability and equilibrium potentials.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Ao0ReS",label:"Vitamins",children:[{type:"question",id:"1ea2Bj",label:"Recall the role of pantothenic acid in enzyme function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mUaVdP",label:"Recognize a deficiency of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), and recall its function in catecholamine synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0haec4",label:"Recognize osteomalacia, and recall its association with vitamin D metabolism impairment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J3asj4",label:"Recall the cofactor required for aminotransferase function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"66ajNl",label:"Recognize pellagra, and recall its associated amino acid deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/1K022S",label:"Innate immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"IbaYEQ",label:"Recall the infections associated with neutropenia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/WK0P2S",label:"The cerebral cortex, meninges, basal ganglia, and ventricular system",children:[{type:"question",id:"W3aPh4",label:"Recall the CSF flow through the ventricular system of the brain.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/dK0o2S",label:"Lysosomal storage diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"peaL-j",label:"Recognize Hunter syndrome, and recall its behavioral manifestations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/FK0gRS",label:"Amino acids",children:[{type:"question",id:"R0alfQ",label:"Recall the titration curve and net charge of basic amino acids at body pH.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eUaxXP",label:"Recall the role of glutamine in renal gluconeogenesis and ammoniagenesis, and recall its transport in the proximal convoluted tubule.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c3aah4",label:"Recall the function of N-acetylglutamate, and recall its role in the urea cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kOamsk",label:"Recall the metabolic derivatives of histidine, and recall their physiological effects.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/8K0ORS",label:"Proteins and peptides",children:[{type:"question",id:"RcalXj",label:"Recall the mechanism of cancer cachexia and muscle atrophy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GmaBSO",label:"Recall the process and purpose of ubiquitination in protein modification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iMaJoO",label:"Recall the forces responsible for maintaining α-helix conformation in proteins.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/260T4S",label:"Pancreas",children:[{type:"question",id:"WeaPBj",label:"Recall the initial cellular response to glucose entry into pancreatic beta-cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/560ilS",label:"Autonomic nervous system",children:[{type:"question",id:"KMaUpO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of phenoxybenzamine and epinephrine, and the effect of β2 agonism with α2 antagonism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vMaAqO",label:"Recall the effects of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor stimulation, and recall the neurotransmitter involved in sympathetic pupillary dilation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/M60MlS",label:"Gastrointestinal tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZJaZsl",label:"Choose the pharmacotherapy that inhibits gastrointestinal motility and causes splanchnic artery vasoconstriction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/n607lS",label:"Enzymes and biocatalysis",children:[{type:"question",id:"PSaW-P",label:"Recall the effects of enzyme concentration on Vmax and Km.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CIaqUN",label:"Recognize anticholinergic toxicity, and recall the concept of reversible competitive inhibition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/L60wlS",label:"Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation",children:[{type:"question",id:"7ca4dj",label:"Recognize the metabolic pathway used during short, strenuous exercise, and recall the expected change in blood constituents post-exercise.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t4aXOk",label:"Recall the role of alanine in the glucose-alanine cycle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/o600NS",label:"Citric acid cycle",children:[{type:"question",id:"dMaonO",label:"Recall the role of pantothenic acid in metabolism, and recall the enzymes that require coenzyme A in the citric acid cycle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/t60X5S",label:"Glycogen metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"hTacqP",label:"Recall the regulation of glycogenolysis, and recall the role of phosphorylase kinase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mTaVrP",label:"Recall the effect of glucagon receptor antagonists on hepatic enzyme activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/y60dnS",label:"Carbohydrates",children:[{type:"question",id:"9VaN9j",label:"Recall the role of insulin in glucose transport, and recall the cell types expressing GLUT-4.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"h6ackl",label:"Recall the pathway of glucose to fructose conversion, and recall the tissues expressing the necessary enzymes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/1p02oS",label:"Lipids and their metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"YganFP",label:"Recall the cellular metabolism of ketone bodies and the role of hepatocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x3aEk4",label:"Recognize the effects of a healthy lifestyle on lipid profile, and recall the laboratory marker likely to be increased.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VMaGnO",label:"Recall the role of glycerol kinase in triglyceride synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jqaszl",label:"Recall the role of pancrelipase in digestion, and recall the synthesis of essential fatty acids.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/gp0FKS",label:"Laboratory methods",children:[{type:"question",id:"bRaHl4",label:"Recall the purpose of a northern blot, and recall the type of nucleic acid it detects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"84aOOk",label:"Recall the laboratory technique used to identify DNA-binding proteins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jna_GO",label:"Recall the components required for polymerase chain reaction testing.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"26aT4l",label:"Recall the clinical uses of colchicine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"oTa07P",label:"Recall the effects of aging on skin, and recall the role of elastin fiber assembly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"56aill",label:"Recognize physiologic changes in male sexual function due to aging.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/Qp0u6S",label:"Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"BYazrQ",label:"Recognize cardiogenic shock, and recall the effects of hypoxia on cellular metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uTapsP",label:"Recall the extrahepatic sites of gluconeogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2laTwk",label:"Recall the hexose monophosphate shunt and its products.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ma2nO",label:"Recall the role of GTP in metabolism, and recall the gluconeogenesis pathway.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RMaloO",label:"Recall the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, and recall the role of acetyl coenzyme A.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jMa_oO",label:"Recall the role of lactate in energy metabolism, and recall the enzyme requiring NAD+ as a cofactor in glycolysis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/lp0vpS",label:"Nerve tissue, synapses, and neurotransmitters",children:[{type:"question",id:"iRaJ54",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall the embryologic origin of oligodendrocytes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/aq0QCS",label:"Local inflammatory responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"G0aBhQ",label:"Recall the pathophysiology of edema due to acute local inflammation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/fI0kXh",label:"COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019)",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Ba3aM",label:"Recognize symptoms of COVID-19, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nBa7YM",label:"Recognize the treatment for COVID-19 in hospitalized patients, and recall the mechanism of action of remdesivir.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/nr073h",label:"Dilated cardiomyopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"D_01qi",label:"Recognize dilated cardiomyopathy due to cardiotoxic medications, and recall its echocardiographic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/M70Mmh",label:"Gynecomastia",children:[{type:"question",id:"zx0r_R",label:"Recognize normal pubertal gynecomastia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sGat0m",label:"Recognize pubertal gynecomastia, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/u70pnh",label:"Sexuality and sexual medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"U0ab2Q",label:"Recognize normal sexual behaviors in adolescents and reassure concerned parents accordingly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/TH06ph",label:"Principles of cancer care",children:[{type:"question",id:"W_0PMi",label:"Recall the cytokines involved in cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/sG0t03",label:"Well-child visits",children:[{type:"question",id:"IJ0YvS",label:"Recognize delayed growth in a child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8J0ODS",label:"Recognize delayed language development in an 18-month-old child, and choose the most appropriate evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Da5S5",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for a child's physical safety during activities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zCaru5",label:"Choose the most appropriate child safety recommendation for a 6-month-old during a well-child examination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J9Ysor",label:"Choose the most appropriate evaluation in a child with macrocephaly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/nF07i3",label:"Stimulant intoxication and withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"M1aMhj",label:"Recall the synaptic effects of cocaine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/KF0UQ3",label:"Toxic alcohol poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"J1as3j",label:"Recognize methanol poisoning, and recall the mechanism of its antidote.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/EF08P3",label:"Overview of fungal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"IjaYbk",label:"Recognize blastomycosis in an immunocompromised patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oka0Kk",label:"Recognize coccidioidomycosis, and recall its histological hallmark.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Claq_k",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of sporotrichosis, and recall the characteristics of fungal dimorphism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/080eO3",label:"Intimate partner violence",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rval-m",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for a new patient of reproductive age.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"kf0mm2/N80-53",label:"Infant nutrition and breastfeeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"dJ0oGS",label:"Choose the most appropriate dietary recommendation for a 6-month-old infant.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/df0oO2",label:"Cardiovascular System",children:[{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/df0oO2",label:"Diphtheria",children:[{type:"question",id:"jB0_0i",label:"Recognize diphtheria and its complications, and choose the appropriate treatment to prevent cardiac involvement.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/1T02p2",label:"Giant cell arteritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"uB0pci",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and recall its vascular complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/fT0kJ2",label:"Vasculitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"15a2QO",label:"Recognize Takayasu arteritis, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/8T0Os2",label:"Hemostasis and bleeding disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"GQaBx4",label:"Recognize fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/cS0aA2",label:"Intestinal ischemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"-P0DhT",label:"Recognize acute mesenteric ischemia, and choose the most appropriate revascularization technique.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/3S0Sz2",label:"Pancreatic cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"AmaRRO",label:"Recognize migratory thrombophlebitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/qS0C0f",label:"Hemochromatosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"6D0j2R",label:"Recognize hereditary hemochromatosis as the cause of heart failure, and choose the appropriate intervention to prevent its progression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WKaP2l",label:"Recognize hemochromatosis, and recall its effects on the cardiac conduction system.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/rS0faf",label:"Heart failure",children:[{type:"question",id:"1m02eg",label:"Recognize high-output heart failure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-s0Dxh",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and recall the compensatory activation of the RAAS system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OG0Izh",label:"Recognize arterial hypertension as a cause of congestive heart failure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lG0vzh",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UE0bE3",label:"Recognize signs of congestive heart failure, and recall factors associated with increased mortality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xw0EOR",label:"Recognize signs of congestive heart failure, and choose agents that improve long-term survival.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gC0FrR",label:"Recognize heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and recall its underlying pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PC0WHR",label:"Recognize heart failure, and recall the diagnostic finding of elevated serum brain natriuretic peptide levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MC0MsR",label:"Recognize impaired relaxation of the right ventricle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HB0KXi",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and recall the effects of RAAS activation on renal arterioles.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J-0syi",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure, and choose agents that improve long-term survival.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yZadVQ",label:"Recognize traumatic arteriovenous fistula, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KUaUVP",label:"Recognize myocardial infarction, and recall its effects on pulmonary capillary pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aMaQMO",label:"Recognize increased ventricular wall stiffness as a cause of diastolic dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cnaaHO",label:"Recognize systolic heart failure, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9EaNBm",label:"Recognize right ventricular failure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/HS0Kaf",label:"Sinus node dysfunction",children:[{type:"question",id:"XC09qR",label:"Recognize sick sinus syndrome, and recall its common etiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/sS0taf",label:"Supraventricular premature beats",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lt0wV3",label:"Recognize atrial premature beats in an asymptomatic patient, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ut0p23",label:"Recognize atrial premature beats (APBs), and choose the most appropriate lifestyle modification.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/GS0Baf",label:"Atrial fibrillation",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yt0nX3",label:"Recognize new-onset atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kt0Ue3",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate site for ablation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TB06Zi",label:"Choose the most appropriate anticoagulant therapy prior to elective cardioversion in atrial fibrillation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7_04pi",label:"Recognize paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n5a7kO",label:"Recognize acute splenic infarction, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely underlying cardiac arrhythmia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IFaYjm",label:"Recognize new-onset atrial fibrillation and its spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2waTR5",label:"Recognize atrial flutter on ECG.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/FS0gYf",label:"Supraventricular tachycardia",children:[{type:"question",id:"hS0cz2",label:"Recognize AV nodal reentrant tachycardia, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mJ0VuS",label:"Recognize Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and choose the appropriate antiarrhythmic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"it0JW3",label:"Recognize Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and recall its characteristic ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kt0md3",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for supraventricular tachycardia after vagal maneuvers fail.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ot0Id3",label:"Recognize paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and recall its most common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aZaQZQ",label:"Recognize atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia, and recall the nerve involved in vagal maneuvers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bZaHZQ",label:"Recognize Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, and recall its characteristic ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"05aeiO",label:"Recall the physiological changes that occur during the Valsalva maneuver.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/8S0OYf",label:"Premature ventricular contractions",children:[{type:"question",id:"GS0Baf",label:"Recognize benign premature ventricular contractions, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1N02Zg",label:"Recognize hypokalemia as a cause of postoperative arrhythmias.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/uS0pYf",label:"Long QT syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"GJ0BvS",label:"Recognize long QT syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d_0oMi",label:"Recognize Romano-Ward syndrome, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eZax0Q",label:"Recognize congenital long QT syndrome, and recall its associated clinical features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KmaUgO",label:"Recognize Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, and recall its electrocardiogram findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/ES08Yf",label:"Ventricular tachycardia",children:[{type:"question",id:"FS0gYf",label:"Recognize hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DG01Y3",label:"Recognize polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes), and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Su0yq3",label:"Recognize drug-induced prolonged QT interval as a cause of syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tA0Xli",label:"Recognize torsade de pointes, and recall its association with prolonged QT interval.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uuabqm",label:"Recognize sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, and choose the appropriate pharmacologic treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/DS01bf",label:"Coronary artery disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"pF0LQ3",label:"Recognize vasospastic angina, and choose the first-line long-term treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HF0Kj3",label:"Recognize stable coronary artery disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GF0Bj3",label:"Recognize atypical chest pain suggestive of coronary heart disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W80Pl3",label:"Recognize vasospastic angina, and recall its associated conditions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d80ol3",label:"Recognize coronary steal syndrome, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TD06dR",label:"Choose medications and substances to discontinue prior to a cardiac exercise stress test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cx0avR",label:"Recognize low pretest probability of coronary artery disease, and choose the most appropriate next step in evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CA0qNi",label:"Recognize vasospastic angina, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for prevention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f_0kni",label:"Recall the concept of hibernating myocardium.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0ZaeZQ",label:"Recall the relationship between vessel radius and resistance to blood flow using Poiseuille's law.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NZa-bQ",label:"Recognize Prinzmetal angina, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LMaw6O",label:"Recall the effects of ranolazine on myocardial oxygen consumption and energy metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"unapEO",label:"Recognize dipyridamole-induced coronary steal syndrome, and recall its mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zKarQl",label:"Recognize stable cardiac chest pain, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QFau3m",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to improve exercise tolerance in patients with stable angina.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/wS0hbf",label:"Myocardial infarction",children:[{type:"question",id:"9F0N43",label:"Recognize atypical presentation of myocardial reinfarction, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ru0lI3",label:"Recognize Dressler syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lu0vr3",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis post-myocardial infarction, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4E03D3",label:"Recognize Dressler syndrome (postmyocardial infarction syndrome).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F90g6R",label:"Recognize occlusion of the left anterior descending artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"890O6R",label:"Choose the most appropriate additional pharmacotherapy for acute myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u90p6R",label:"Recognize ventricular fibrillation as a cause of sudden cardiac death post-MI.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JC0sGR",label:"Recognize interventricular septum rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-C0DuR",label:"Choose the appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy after percutaneous coronary intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SA0yQi",label:"Recognize inferior wall myocardial infarction and its associated ECG changes, and recall the coronary artery anatomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b_0H5i",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis post-myocardial infarction, and recall the associated histopathological finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kz0mGi",label:"Recognize myocardial infarction, and recall its early complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bcaHaj",label:"Recognize rupture of the chordae tendinae post-myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zjar1k",label:"Recognize occlusion of the posterior descending artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aPaQWk",label:"Recognize acute lateral wall myocardial infarction, and recall the coronary artery anatomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dPaodk",label:"Recognize complications of myocardial infarction, and recall the associated histopathological changes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pmaLgO",label:"Recognize acute inferior myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tmaXhO",label:"Recognize ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and recall the ECG leads corresponding to the LAD artery territory.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Ma3KO",label:"Recognize unstable angina pectoris.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GsaBwN",label:"Recognize ventricular pseudoaneurysm as a cause of acute limb ischemia post-myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JFasQm",label:"Recognize ventricular aneurysm as a late complication of myocardial infarction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/9S0Nbf",label:"Acute rheumatic fever",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZR0Zlf",label:"Recognize acute rheumatic fever with carditis, and choose the appropriate duration of secondary prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aR0Qlf",label:"Recognize acute rheumatic fever.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f5akjO",label:"Recognize Sydenham chorea, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i5aJPO",label:"Recognize rheumatic heart disease, and recall its pathogenic mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r5aflO",label:"Recognize the link between bacterial pharyngitis and mitral valve disease, and choose the public health intervention to reduce its surgical treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/CS0qbf",label:"Infective endocarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"4h03Vf",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus, and choose the most appropriate post-treatment investigation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tQ0XBf",label:"Recognize the need for infective endocarditis prophylaxis in patients with prosthetic heart valves undergoing dental procedures, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic regimen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FQ0gBf",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus epidermidis as a cause of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uQ0pBf",label:"Choose the appropriate antibiotic regimen for prosthetic valve infective endocarditis due to methicillin-susceptible staphylococci.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EQ08Bf",label:"Recognize right-sided infective endocarditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DQ01yf",label:"Recognize subacute infective endocarditis, and recall its common pathogens.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wQ0hyf",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis caused by HACEK organisms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9Q0Nyf",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of acute infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CQ0qyf",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis in children with congenital heart disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AQ0RAf",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis in an intravenous drug user, and choose the initial empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-Q0DAf",label:"Recognize septic emboli from infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zj0Z_f",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0j0e_f",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis with complications, and recall the echocardiographic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yj0n_f",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis, and recall its common risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mj0MaT",label:"Recognize Enterococcus faecalis infection as a cause of infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yP0dhT",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis with acute aortic regurgitation and left-sided heart failure, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AA0Rmi",label:"Recognize acute infective endocarditis, and recall the histopathology of Janeway lesions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zA0rmi",label:"Recognize Libman-Sacks endocarditis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PVaWuj",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall the characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RealAj",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall the characteristic blood culture findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ljav0k",label:"Recognize acute right-sided infective endocarditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pjaLYk",label:"Recognize Streptococcus sanguinis as a cause of subacute infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mmaVTO",label:"Recognize infectious endocarditis, and recall its characteristic microscopic nail lesion findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T5a6jO",label:"Recognize prosthetic valve endocarditis, and recall the characteristics of its common causal pathogens.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j5a_PO",label:"Recognize nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with malignancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"85aONO",label:"Recognize colon cancer as a predisposing factor for Streptococcus gallolyticus endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cMaanO",label:"Recognize subacute bacterial endocarditis, and recall the role of dextrans in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8oaOdl",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZuaZpm",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus aureus as a cause of acute infective endocarditis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/xS0Ebf",label:"Myocarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"WR0PNf",label:"Recognize Coxsackie virus infection as a cause of myocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dR0oNf",label:"Recognize dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral myocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hA0cji",label:"Recognize dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to viral myocarditis, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sZat1Q",label:"Recognize viral myocarditis, and recall its common viral etiologies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/-S0DXf",label:"Valvular heart diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jj0sYT",label:"Recognize valve degeneration as a cause of CHF symptoms post valve replacement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jz0sFi",label:"Recognize tricuspid regurgitation, and recall the effect of inspiration on right ventricular hemodynamics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IPaYTk",label:"Recall the auscultatory findings of pulmonary valve stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XOa9Ik",label:"Recognize tricuspid valve endocarditis, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Zh0Zcf",label:"Aortic valve stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"lL0vBg",label:"Recognize calcification of the aortic valve as a cause of syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bu0Hp3",label:"Recognize exertional syncope, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rE0fC3",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its effect on left ventricular oxygen demand.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7D04fR",label:"Recognize aortic valve stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H_0Kpi",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VZaG0Q",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its murmur's timing relative to left ventricular pressure-volume changes during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nha7e4",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its effect on left ventricular oxygen demand.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b5aHiO",label:"Recognize dystrophic calcification on the aortic valve as a cause of aortic stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m5aVkO",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its common etiologies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rLaf_O",label:"Recall the cardiac pressure changes caused by aortic stenosis and the timing of its murmur during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YBYnzr",label:"Recognize aortic stenosis, and recall its prognostic factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/0h0ecf",label:"Aortic regurgitation",children:[{type:"question",id:"e60xPS",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome with aortic regurgitation, and recall its classic cardiovascular examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fu0kq3",label:"Recognize aortic valve regurgitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qu0uI3",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation, and recall its most common cause in young adults in high-income countries.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qw0uiR",label:"Recognize aortic valve regurgitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OA0IPi",label:"Recognize chronic aortic regurgitation, and recall its classic physical examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3z0Ssi",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation in infective endocarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CeaqaP",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation, and recall its effect on left ventricular end-diastolic volume.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ILaY_O",label:"Recognize aortic regurgitation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yh0ncf",label:"Mitral regurgitation",children:[{type:"question",id:"z80r63",label:"Recognize chronic mitral valve regurgitation, and recall its associated findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pu0Wr3",label:"Recognize papillary muscle rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HD0KfR",label:"Recognize mitral valve regurgitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pbaLuQ",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall its echocardiographic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L5awkO",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall the effect of systemic vascular resistance on regurgitant flow.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eMaxnO",label:"Recognize mitral annular dilation in peripartum cardiomyopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uMapqO",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall the association of an S3 heart sound with its exacerbation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7La4_O",label:"Recognize mitral regurgitation, and recall its characteristic murmur.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Xh09cf",label:"Hypertension",children:[{type:"question",id:"gG0FAh",label:"Recognize hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and recall its pathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Vv0G_3",label:"Choose an antihypertensive medication that also provides migraine prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tv06z3",label:"Recognize decreased arterial compliance as a cause of isolated systolic hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gv0Fz3",label:"Recognize uncontrolled hypertension, and choose the most appropriate lifestyle modification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iv0J-3",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in the evaluation of newly diagnosed hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5laixk",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for hypertension in African American patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x5aEmO",label:"Recall the causes of isolated systolic hypertension in the elderly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HraKiN",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step after a single visit with elevated blood pressure readings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iFaJ3m",label:"Choose the most effective lifestyle modification to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ca2I5",label:"Recall the causes of primary hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9xaNA5",label:"Recognize the need to differentiate between white coat hypertension and true hypertension, and choose the appropriate diagnostic method.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/ch0a1f",label:"Peripheral arterial disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"j40_QT",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mk0MoT",label:"Recognize Leriche syndrome, and recall its associated physical findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1O02rT",label:"Recognize moderate peripheral arterial disease, and choose the best initial management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V80Gl3",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease with claudication, and choose the next step after conservative measures fail.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o800n3",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease, and choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ru0fs3",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cE0au3",label:"Recognize femoropopliteal artery stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d5aoQO",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease, and choose the pharmacotherapy that improves symptoms of intermittent claudication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V5aGQO",label:"Recognize peripheral arterial disease (PAD) as the cause of claudication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uFapPm",label:"Recognize critical limb ischemia in the context of peripheral artery disease, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/1h021f",label:"Acute limb ischemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Uk0bMT",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RO0lHT",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ct0ac3",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and recall the prevention of thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uu0pG3",label:"Recognize acute limb ischemia, and recall the diagnostic study to identify its common underlying cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wu0ht3",label:"Recognize arterial embolism as a cause of acute limb ischemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fD0kdR",label:"Recognize drug-induced vasoconstriction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dpa17l",label:"Recognize arterial embolism as a cause of acute limb ischemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Wh0P1f",label:"Aneurysm",children:[{type:"question",id:"sk0t6T",label:"Recognize femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ek08pT",label:"Recognize femoral artery pseudoaneurysm, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3u0SI3",label:"Recognize a femoral artery aneurysm.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/dh0o1f",label:"Thoracic aortic aneurysm",children:[{type:"question",id:"8D0OTR",label:"Recognize the signs of a thoracic aortic aneurysm on imaging, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirmation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yD0dSR",label:"Recognize cystic medial necrosis as a cause of thoracic aortic aneurysm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1La29O",label:"Recognize cystic medial degeneration associated with Marfan syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/2h0TWf",label:"Thromboangiitis obliterans",children:[{type:"question",id:"NF0-R3",label:"Recognize thromboangiitis obliterans, and choose the primary intervention to decrease the risk of amputation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W5aPQO",label:"Recognize thromboangiitis obliterans, and recall its histologic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/fh0kWf",label:"Deep vein thrombosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ik0Y6T",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis in a postoperative patient, and choose the most appropriate next step in treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fk0gpT",label:"Recognize the high probability of deep vein thrombosis post-surgery, and choose the appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kq0UzS",label:"Recognize postpartum deep venous thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jw0sPR",label:"Recognize deep venous thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate additional screening test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MlaMxk",label:"Recognize superficial thrombophlebitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rmal2O",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-GaDbm",label:"Recognize superficial thrombophlebitis in a pregnant patient, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fvagb5",label:"Recognize catheter-related thrombosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/gh0FWf",label:"Chronic venous disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"i40JQT",label:"Recognize venous insufficiency as a cause of lower extremity ulcers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qk0CKT",label:"Recognize chronic venous disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mF0Vi3",label:"Recognize chronic venous insufficiency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fx0kDR",label:"Recognize stasis dermatitis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oXa0_Q",label:"Recognize chronic venous insufficiency, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CKaqil",label:"Recognize chronic venous disease, and recall the direction of blood flow that confirms the diagnosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BKazil",label:"Recognize varicose veins, and recall the diagnostic imaging findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y-anDM",label:"Recognize postthrombotic syndrome as a cause of venous insufficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Lh0wef",label:"Obstructive sleep apnea",children:[{type:"question",id:"Js0sDh",label:"Recognize symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, and recall its effect on blood pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"74a4kk",label:"Recognize obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of secondary hypertension.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/oh00Uf",label:"Pulmonary embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"uk0ppT",label:"Recognize the high clinical probability of pulmonary embolism, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nw0-QR",label:"Recognize the iliac vein as the common origin of pulmonary emboli.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/uh0pff",label:"Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade",children:[{type:"question",id:"eh0x1f",label:"Recognize cardiac 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recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k6amOl",label:"Recognize cardiac tamponade.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/_h05gf",label:"Carcinoid tumor",children:[{type:"question",id:"93aNk4",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome with hepatic metastasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/c30ahf",label:"Hemorrhoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"eWax4j",label:"Recognize external hemorrhoids, and recall their blood supply.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/UR0bmf",label:"Overview of stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"Uo0bYS",label:"Recognize stroke symptoms, and recall the strongest predisposing factor for stroke.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/3R0S5f",label:"Fibromuscular dysplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"DJ01wS",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia in a hypertensive emergency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9naNvO",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r6afml",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/aj0Q_f",label:"Preoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"tP0XgT",label:"Recognize the need for preoperative cardiac risk assessment, and choose the most appropriate stress test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Hj0KbT",label:"Epistaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"2_0Tni",label:"Recognize hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and recall its cardiac complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"O5aI4O",label:"Recognize lipofuscin granules, and recall their composition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/PP0WUT",label:"Major depressive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"WCaPI5",label:"Recognize depression post-myocardial infarction as a factor affecting 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pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xo0EVS",label:"Recognize a small ventricular septal defect, and choose the most appropriate management for an asymptomatic patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yo0deS",label:"Recognize patent foramen ovale (PFO) in an asymptomatic patient, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aK0QUS",label:"Recognize ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wB0h1i",label:"Recognize symptomatic ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall the maneuvers that affect its murmur.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nA074i",label:"Recognize aortic coarctation, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sA0tOi",label:"Recognize the clinical features of a large patent ductus arteriosus, and recall the expected echocardiographic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z_0Z5i",label:"Recognize coarctation of the aorta, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mz0Mti",label:"Recognize paradoxical embolism, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most common cardiac anomaly associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pz0LFi",label:"Recognize atrial septal defect, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2-0T9i",label:"Recognize ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JWasmj",label:"Recall the cardiac pressure changes that would occur after successful repair of a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3maS2O",label:"Recall the cardiac catheterization findings of a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6majgO",label:"Recall the consequences of abnormal endocardial cushion development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v5aANO",label:"Recognize Eisenmenger syndrome, and recall its cardiac complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A5aR5O",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_5a55O",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xna97O",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect (VSD), and recall its effects on the pulmonary vasculature.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u7apnN",label:"Recognize aortic coarctation, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dHao6N",label:"Recognize coarctation of the aorta, and recall its clinical features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WGaPyN",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dGaoyN",label:"Recognize a ventricular septal defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rCaft5",label:"Recognize paradoxical embolism, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/K40U4T",label:"Esophageal atresia",children:[{type:"question",id:"2M0TLg",label:"Recognize a vascular ring causing respiratory symptoms in an infant, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/2k0TMT",label:"Angioedema",children:[{type:"question",id:"9J0NwS",label:"Recognize hereditary angioedema, and recall its underlying cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/hk0cnT",label:"Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"mz0Vti",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall its skeletal features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"35aSPO",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zz0Zri",label:"Recognize tertiary syphilis, and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/kO0msT",label:"Shock",children:[{type:"question",id:"VS0GA2",label:"Recognize septic shock, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D401lT",label:"Recognize features of shock, and recall the diagnostic finding of obstructive shock due to pulmonary embolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LC0wsR",label:"Recognize cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c0aaUQ",label:"Recognize cardiogenic shock, and recall its effect on mental status.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SaayPQ",label:"Recognize septic shock, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ccaqej",label:"Recognize early hypovolemic shock, and recall the compensatory mechanisms maintaining blood pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eKax2l",label:"Recognize hemorrhagic shock, and recall its first compensatory mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/rl0fyT",label:"Cardiac catheterization",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sm0yUg",label:"Recognize retroperitoneal bleeding after a vascular procedure, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/4N03Yg",label:"Management of trauma patients",children:[{type:"question",id:"VKaG2l",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in managing hemorrhagic shock when intravenous access is not possible.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HHaK7N",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in the management of hypovolemic shock due to internal hemorrhage.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/kN0mYg",label:"Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation",children:[{type:"question",id:"sS0taf",label:"Recognize pulseless electrical activity (PEA) arrest, and choose the most appropriate medication in cardiac arrest management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oF00Q3",label:"Choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy for refractory ventricular fibrillation after defibrillation and epinephrine administration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KF0UQ3",label:"Recognize ventricular fibrillation in the context of STEMI, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FC0gFR",label:"Recognize pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and choose the most appropriate initial resuscitative measure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ez08ui",label:"Recall the concept of tachyphylaxis, and recall its pharmacological mechanisms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3laS9k",label:"Recall the effects of partial agonists on receptor activity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zIar2N",label:"Recall the effects of phenoxybenzamine and norepinephrine on adrenergic receptors, and the pharmacodynamic interaction between an agonist and a noncompetitive antagonist.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/tN0X1g",label:"Sympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sy0yei",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of dobutamine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/8N0O1g",label:"Sympatholytic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"9MaNIO",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to treat vasopressor extravasation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/uN0p1g",label:"Beta blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"8_0OJi",label:"Recall the effects of beta blockers on the heart.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lZavbQ",label:"Recall the effects of beta-1 adrenergic receptor blockade on cardiac function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LQaw94",label:"Recall the pharmacological effects of nonselective beta blockers with additional α-blocking action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JmasgO",label:"Recognize the systemic side effects of ophthalmic beta blockers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/wN0hWg",label:"Local anesthetic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"kUamWP",label:"Recognize local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/am0QVg",label:"Statins",children:[{type:"question",id:"b80HO3",label:"Choose the first-line pharmacotherapy for dyslipidemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i80Jm3",label:"Recall the common adverse effects of statin therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N80-53",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for statin-associated myopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t0aX3Q",label:"Recognize the adverse effects of statins on muscle tissue.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"inaJGO",label:"Choose the first-line pharmacotherapy for hyperlipidemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Ym0nVg",label:"Second-line lipid-lowering agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"M80MM3",label:"Recognize niacin-induced cutaneous flushing, and choose the most appropriate management to prevent this side effect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r0afhQ",label:"Recall the effects of fibrates on lipid metabolism, and recall their associated risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D2a1PP",label:"Recall the effect of bile acid sequestrants on the lipid profile.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X5a9iO",label:"Recognize the side effects of niacin therapy, and choose the appropriate premedication to reduce these effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P6aWOl",label:"Recall the adverse effects of cholesterol absorption inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Xm09Vg",label:"Amiodarone",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qv0u-3",label:"Recall the adverse effects associated with long-term use of amiodarone.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eYaxLQ",label:"Recognize the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis, and recall adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ggaFuP",label:"Recall the common adverse effects of amiodarone.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/cm0aeg",label:"Calcium channel blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"FE0gx3",label:"Recognize the side effects of calcium channel blockers in the treatment of hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uE0px3",label:"Choose the appropriate medication to prevent dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker-related peripheral edema.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B-0zzi",label:"Recall the cardiovascular effects of nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z5aZiO",label:"Recall the adverse effects of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P5aW4O",label:"Recognize the side effects of antihypertensive medications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/1m02eg",label:"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nv0-ZR",label:"Recognize the benefits of ACE inhibitors in preventing cardiac remodeling post-myocardial infarction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nma7TO",label:"Recognize ACE inhibitor-induced cough, and choose the appropriate alternative antihypertensive medication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a5aQiO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of neprilysin inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Wm0Peg",label:"Nitrates",children:[{type:"question",id:"wD0hgR",label:"Recognize angina pectoris, and recall the mechanism of nitroglycerin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wz0P7i",label:"Recall the common adverse effects of nitrates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fz0kHi",label:"Recall the effects of high-dose nitrate administration on the cardiovascular system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sz0yHi",label:"Recognize nitrate tolerance in stable angina, and choose the appropriate modification for pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5-0iBi",label:"Recall the effect of nitroglycerin on myocardial preload and end-diastolic pressure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Vm0Geg",label:"Cardiac glycosides",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lu0w73",label:"Recognize digoxin toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WE0Pu3",label:"Recognize digoxin intoxication, and recall its associated electrolyte abnormality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WMaPnO",label:"Recall the effects of digoxin on cardiac conduction and vagal tone.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/em0xeg",label:"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"kE0mD3",label:"Recognize drug-induced hypotension, and recall the role of cGMP in vasodilation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V_0GMi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"25aTjO",label:"Recall the adverse effects of phosphodiesterase type 3 inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"T-069i",label:"Recognize Samter's triad, and choose an alternative antiplatelet agent for aspirin allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RQalD4",label:"Recognize drug-induced neutropenia, and recall the side effects of antiplatelet medications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QJauFl",label:"Recall the role of thromboxane A2 in platelet aggregation and thrombosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Tm06Ug",label:"Oral anticoagulants",children:[{type:"question",id:"lQavw4",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation, and recall the mechanism of action for long-term stroke prevention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/gm0FUg",label:"Diuretics",children:[{type:"question",id:"OdaIJj",label:"Recognize first-dose hypotension with ACE inhibitors, and recall the synergistic effect of thiazide diuretics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ex08yR",label:"Recognize the treatment for acute myeloid leukemia, and recall the long-term complications of anthracycline chemotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/7m04Sg",label:"Antidiabetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"EE08x3",label:"Recognize acute decompensated heart failure with renal insufficiency, and choose the most appropriate medication adjustment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pTaL7P",label:"Choose modifications for pharmacotherapy in patients with acute kidney injury and heart failure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/b50Hig",label:"Syncope",children:[{type:"question",id:"ko0mXS",label:"Recognize carotid sinus hypersensitivity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HUaKeP",label:"Recognize orthostatic hypotension, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"9FaN4m",label:"Recognize the risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in the postoperative setting, and choose the appropriate prophylactic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/M50Mkg",label:"Aortic dissection",children:[{type:"question",id:"1k025T",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QD0uVR",label:"Recognize uncomplicated descending aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kD0meR",label:"Recognize aortic dissection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tD0XTR",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DD01gR",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C5aqmO",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its primary risk factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0nae7O",label:"Recognize aortic dissection by a tear in the tunica intima.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ssatwN",label:"Recognize acute aortic occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H9aKK5",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test in a hemodynamically stable patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U-ab9M",label:"Recognize Stanford A aortic dissection, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/I50Ylg",label:"Atrioventricular block",children:[{type:"question",id:"wG0hY3",label:"Recognize first-degree atrioventricular block, and choose the most appropriate cardiovascular management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zF0rk3",label:"Recognize Mobitz type I AV block.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z80ZO3",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for hemodynamically unstable 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risk.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yo0n0S",label:"Pericarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"VR0GNf",label:"Recognize acute pericarditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2m0TUg",label:"Recognize constrictive pericarditis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-u0DF3",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its cardiac manifestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pC0LGR",label:"Recognize acute radiation-induced pericarditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u_0pJi",label:"Recognize constrictive pericarditis, and recall its characteristic physical examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gz0FHi",label:"Recognize constrictive pericarditis, and recall its auscultatory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9-0Nzi",label:"Recognize acute viral infection as a cause of acute 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lungs",children:[{type:"question",id:"udap7j",label:"Recall the arterial supply route to the bronchial arteries from the femoral artery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Up0bKS",label:"Heart",children:[{type:"question",id:"F_0gJi",label:"Recognize aortic dissection, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nSa7Z4",label:"Recognize pacemaker syndrome, and recall the typical pacemaker lead placement in a single-chamber device.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y5ad5O",label:"Recall the timing of peak coronary blood flow in relation to pressure changes during the cardiac cycle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Op0IpS",label:"Thoracic cavity",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ema8hO",label:"Recognize the utility of transesophageal echocardiography, and recall the anatomical structures it evaluates.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/iJ0JFS",label:"Ischemic stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"to0XdS",label:"Recognize paradoxical 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(HIT).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/X7094h",label:"Transfusion reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"C80qK3",label:"Recognize transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/OH0Iqh",label:"Drug overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"-5aD5O",label:"Recognize hydralazine use in pregnancy, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/3G0S_h",label:"Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response",children:[{type:"question",id:"yG0db3",label:"Recognize unstable atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate acute management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ht0cW3",label:"Recognize stable atrial fibrillation, and choose the most appropriate rate control medication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8saO9N",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation in the context of mitral stenosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/JF0sQ3",label:"Cardiovascular drug poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"dE0ou3",label:"Recognize digoxin toxicity, and recall its ECG findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vE0Ax3",label:"Recognize beta blocker overdose, and choose the next step in management after atropine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rbafEQ",label:"Recognize beta-blocker overdose, and choose the appropriate antidote when first-line treatments fail.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZFaZgm",label:"Recognize digitalis toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"df0oO2/Yu0np3",label:"Cholesterol embolization syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Eu08G3",label:"Recognize cholesterol embolization syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vu0AG3",label:"Recognize cholesterol embolization syndrome, and recall its risk of renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X0a9eQ",label:"Recognize cholesterol embolization syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wFah4m",label:"Recognize atheroembolism as a cause of rash post-angiography.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Uf0bl2",label:"Respiratory System",children:[{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Vf0GO2",label:"Legionnaires' disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"pT0L72",label:"Recognize Legionnaires' disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rT0fH2",label:"Recognize Legionnaires' disease, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P_0Woi",label:"Recognize Legionnaires' disease, and recall the culture medium required for Legionella pneumophila.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ka46k",label:"Recognize Legionnaires' disease, and recall its common sources of infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wOahuk",label:"Recognize Legionella pneumonia, and choose the most appropriate 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infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"K30Ujf",label:"Recognize CMV pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Lf0w52",label:"Infectious mononucleosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"xg0Ex2",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and recall its association with malignancies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/If0Yn2",label:"Pneumocystis pneumonia",children:[{type:"question",id:"tT0Xs2",label:"Recognize Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an HIV-infected patient, and choose the appropriate adjunctive therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8T0Os2",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for Pneumocystis pneumonia in a patient with a sulfa allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dVaotj",label:"Recognize Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/7f04n2",label:"Aspergillosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"1h021f",label:"Recognize invasive aspergillosis, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kh0UUf",label:"Recognize chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2jaT-4",label:"Recognize invasive aspergillosis, and recall its characteristic histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AlaRzk",label:"Recognize chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bNaH-k",label:"Recognize allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and recall its characteristic sputum findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SHaypN",label:"Recognize allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Af0RK2",label:"Poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"ex0xvR",label:"Recognize 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management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9C0N8R",label:"Recognize acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"az0Qri",label:"Recognize acute respiratory distress syndrome, and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qkaCKk",label:"Recognize acute pancreatitis complications, and recall the pathophysiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IkaY6k",label:"Recognize ARDS due to aspiration pneumonia, and recall its effect on pulmonary shunt fraction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BOazuk",label:"Recognize acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/vg0AC2",label:"Gastroesophageal reflux disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Cw0qOR",label:"Recognize gastroesophageal reflux disease as a comorbidity of asthma, and choose the most appropriate addition to 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COPD.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5t0iV3",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis, and recall its findings on pulmonary function testing.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HC0KtR",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis in a smoker with a persistent productive cough.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GC0BtR",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and recall its impact on diaphragmatic function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EC08FR",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jy0_Ui",label:"Recognize chronic bronchitis, and recall its histological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VaaGjQ",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BWaznj",label:"Recognize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and choose the intervention most likely to slow the decline in lung 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manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"87aOnN",label:"Recognize black lung disease, and recall the risk factor for this pneumoconiosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XFa9gm",label:"Recognize interstitial lung disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/mh0Vef",label:"Pneumonia",children:[{type:"question",id:"si0tGf",label:"Recognize community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, and recall its common causal organism in HIV-positive patients with a normal CD4+ count.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Q05Af",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for community-acquired pneumonia based on CURB-65 score.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zQ0rAf",label:"Recognize atypical pneumonia, and recall the common pathogens associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bj0H_f",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for community-acquired pneumonia with suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xj09_f",label:"Recognize postoperative pneumonia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gj0F-f",label:"Recognize aspiration pneumonia, and recall its risk factors related to stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jj0_ZT",label:"Recognize recurrent pneumonia in the same location, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mj0VaT",label:"Recognize community-acquired pneumonia, and choose the most appropriate setting of care and treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rj0fbT",label:"Recognize pneumonia in a long-term care resident, and recall the expected Gram stain findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lk0vLT",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management of viral lower respiratory infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zl0rzT",label:"Recall the effects of body positioning on the A-a gradient in pneumonia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I50Ylg",label:"Recognize 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tuberculosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IQ0Yxf",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for latent tuberculosis infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BQ0zyf",label:"Recognize pulmonary tuberculosis as the cause of exudative pleural effusion in an HIV-positive patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6j0jYT",label:"Recognize suspected reactivation tuberculosis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ip0YIS",label:"Recognize latent tuberculosis infection, and choose the most appropriate management in a child with a positive interferon-γ release assay.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WnaPHO",label:"Recognize primary tuberculosis presenting with a Ghon complex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dnaoHO",label:"Recognize reactivation tuberculosis, and recall the conditions favoring its development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gFaFhm",label:"Choose the initial treatment regimen for active tuberculosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3FaS3m",label:"Recognize primary tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1va2_m",label:"Choose the initial management for latent TB infection in children with significant TB exposure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Mh0Mef",label:"Sarcoidosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"CO0quT",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OF0IR3",label:"Recognize granulomatous inflammation as a cause of sarcoidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nF07i3",label:"Recognize asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IiaYG4",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mjaVak",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vnaAEO",label:"Recognize sarcoidosis, and recall its associated laboratory finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/nh07ef",label:"Lung cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"_g05B2",label:"Recognize an intermediate-risk solitary pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uh0bWf",label:"Recognize lung squamous cell carcinoma, and recall its histological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pn0L8g",label:"Recognize lung cancer as a cause of superior vena cava syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nt07V3",label:"Recognize symptoms of a Pancoast tumor, and recall its associated paraneoplastic syndromes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a80QO3",label:"Recognize a solitary pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y80nO3",label:"Recognize squamous cell lung carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c80al3",label:"Recognize adenocarcinoma of the lung.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"O80I53",label:"Recognize an incidental solitary pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l80v53",label:"Recognize an incidental solitary pulmonary nodule with low risk for malignancy, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"580iM3",label:"Recognize limited-stage small cell lung cancer, and choose the most appropriate combined treatment modality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"62ajiP",label:"Recognize squamous cell lung carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eRaxN4",label:"Recognize small cell lung cancer, and recall its associated immunohistochemical markers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rkaf6k",label:"Recognize adenocarcinoma of the lung.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HkaK6k",label:"Recognize adenocarcinoma in situ of the lung.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ylanvk",label:"Recognize a pulmonary 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deficiency, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"28aTNm",label:"Recognize the need for airborne precautions for patients with active tuberculosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Hj0KbT",label:"Epistaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"J40s4T",label:"Recognize severe posterior epistaxis, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VhaG14",label:"Recall the arterial supply to the nasal cavity, and recall the management of posterior epistaxis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/sj0tbT",label:"Sinusitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"AR0Rpf",label:"Recognize acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sw0yRR",label:"Recognize nasal polyposis in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DHa1sN",label:"Recognize acute viral rhinosinusitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xtaEfm",label:"Recognize secondary bacterial infection as a cause of sinusitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/vj0AXT",label:"Nonallergic rhinitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Tw06RR",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for vasomotor rhinitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/wj0hcT",label:"Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"iT0Jq2",label:"Recognize Ludwig angina.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pi0Lsf",label:"Choose an alternative antibiotic for acute bacterial tonsillitis in patients with a severe penicillin allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g50Fjg",label:"Recognize acute tonsillitis with a negative rapid strep test, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test to confirm the 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presentation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/sL0t_g",label:"Nonthrombotic embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"F40gOT",label:"Recognize fat embolism syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lkavLk",label:"Recognize fat embolism syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/GL0B_g",label:"Blunt trauma",children:[{type:"question",id:"9j0NcT",label:"Recognize bronchial rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OP0IUT",label:"Recognize pulmonary contusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"340SQT",label:"Recognize flail chest as a cause of paradoxical chest movement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rN0fcg",label:"Recognize flail chest, and choose the most appropriate respiratory support.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/zL0rZS",label:"Acid-base disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"KeaU-j",label:"Recognize opioid overdose, and recall its arterial blood gas findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xOaEuk",label:"Recall arterial blood gas 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treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bnaH7O",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/mI0VWh",label:"Lung abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"1j02zf",label:"Recognize lung abscess, and choose the most appropriate initial antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rcafdj",label:"Recognize a lung abscess, and recall the expected sputum findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fkagpk",label:"Recognize lung abscess, and recall its predisposing factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/or00Rh",label:"Acute asthma exacerbation",children:[{type:"question",id:"kn0mtg",label:"Recognize severe acute asthma exacerbation unresponsive to initial treatment, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aq0QCS",label:"Recognize status asthmaticus, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CG0qY3",label:"Recognize severe asthma exacerbation, and recall its physical examination findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ena8EO",label:"Recognize a severe asthma attack, and recall its physical examination findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/yr0dPh",label:"Hemoptysis",children:[{type:"question",id:"S50yjg",label:"Recognize massive hemoptysis and a pulmonary nodule, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure after stabilization.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/X7094h",label:"Transfusion reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"E8a8om",label:"Recognize transfusion-related acute lung injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/_G05b3",label:"Bacterial tracheitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"AxYR_r",label:"Recognize bacterial tracheitis, and recall the most common causal pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/Ct0qf3",label:"Facial 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management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/m80VM3",label:"Respiratory syncytial virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"gQ0Fvf",label:"Recognize the risk factors for severe bronchiolitis in infants, and choose the appropriate prophylactic medication to prevent this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FjagXk",label:"Recognize risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants, and choose the appropriate prophylactic medication.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Uf0bl2/t80Xo3",label:"Traumatic hemothorax",children:[{type:"question",id:"NP0-UT",label:"Recognize a large hemothorax, and choose the most appropriate intervention for chest drainage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"h40cQT",label:"Recognize a hemothorax.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"egax8P",label:"Recognize hemothorax as a cause of pleural effusion.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/ef0xO2",label:"Nervous System & Special Senses",children:[{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"_S05Xf",label:"Recognize a clean, minor wound with unknown tetanus immunization status, and choose the most appropriate vaccination.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"raafNQ",label:"Recognize neonatal tetanus, and recall its pathogenesis involving glycine release inhibition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U1abTj",label:"",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/4f03m2",label:"Lyme disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vz0G7i",label:"Recognize early disseminated Lyme disease, and recall its neurological complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Nf0-m2",label:"Listeriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"13a2h4",label:"Recognize Listeria monocytogenes meningitis, and choose the most effective antibiotic treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"1ua2Jm",label:"Choose the 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syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ZR0Zlf",label:"Meningitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"rS0faf",label:"Choose the most appropriate empiric pharmacotherapy for bacterial meningitis in an immunocompromised adult patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wi0Pqf",label:"Choose the appropriate management for bacterial meningitis, and recall prophylaxis for close contacts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hi0crf",label:"Recognize aseptic meningitis, and recall its common viral etiologies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3i0Srf",label:"Recognize neonatal fever with signs of sepsis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ji0ssf",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8i0Otf",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial antibiotic regimen for late-onset neonatal bacterial meningitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vi0Atf",label:"Recognize bacterial 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cryptococcal meningitis in HIV patients, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NSa--P",label:"Recognize aseptic meningitis, and recall its common viral etiologies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8RaOK4",label:"Recognize Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, and recall the typical portal of entry for Neisseria meningitidis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"djaoz4",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and choose the appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis for close contacts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gjaF-4",label:"Recognize bacterial meningitis in adults, and recall the expected Gram stain findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2naTsO",label:"Recognize cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GIaBVN",label:"Recognize Naegleria fowleri infection, and recall its route of infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IraYiN",label:"Recognize signs of 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findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1K022S",label:"Recognize acute viral encephalitis, and recall its common causal pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i2aJhP",label:"Recognize necrosis of the temporal lobes in herpes simplex encephalitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r2afQP",label:"Recognize acute viral encephalitis, and recall its most common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DEa1Bm",label:"Recognize herpes simplex encephalitis, and recall the transmission risk to close contacts.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/cR0aNf",label:"Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"p50LOg",label:"Distinguish Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from other types of neurodegenerative disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hn0cGg",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mo0VcS",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its CSF diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YYannQ",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nea7zj",label:"Recognize Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and recall its characteristic histological feature.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wGahYm",label:"Recognize familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/1R02Nf",label:"Brain abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"vN0A1g",label:"Recognize intracranial abscess secondary to acute otitis media, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"In0Yug",label:"Recognize a pyogenic brain abscess.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"un0pEg",label:"Recognize a pyogenic brain abscess, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/WR0PNf",label:"Multiple 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sclerosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l1avSj",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall its immunopathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Seayyj",label:"Recognize internuclear ophthalmoplegia, and recall neuroanatomy of the midbrain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fRakm4",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9RaN64",label:"Recognize multiple sclerosis, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3OaSHk",label:"Recall the pharmacotherapy that targets CD52 in refractory multiple sclerosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rqaf-l",label:"Recall the clinical effect of baclofen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gwaFR5",label:"Recognize transverse myelitis, and recall its cerebrospinal fluid findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xxYEAr",label:"Recognize acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZBYZzr",label:"Recognize 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hematoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Btazfm",label:"Recognize rupture of the middle meningeal artery causing epidural hematoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/eR0xNf",label:"Traumatic brain injury",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nk0-LT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for a child with a skull fracture and signs of potentially elevated intracranial pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gw0B4R",label:"Recall the indications for intubation, and how the Glasgow Coma Scale score is calculated.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nva705",label:"Recognize paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/UR0bmf",label:"Overview of stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"KN0UXg",label:"Recognize a transient ischemic attack (TIA).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5n0iFg",label:"Recognize left posterior cerebral artery infarct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ln0wFg",label:"Recognize right anterior cerebral artery occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KL0UAg",label:"Recognize symptoms of stroke, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bo0H0S",label:"Recognize a lacunar stroke in the posterior limb of the internal capsule.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"go0FYS",label:"Recognize occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aw0QhR",label:"Recognize hemorrhage in the right thalamus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OZaIbQ",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of an anterior cerebral artery stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mXaVAQ",label:"Recognize stroke causing Wernicke aphasia and upper homonymous quadrantanopsia, and recall neuroanatomy of the cerebral cortex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m1aVhj",label:"Recognize posterior cerebral artery infarction, and recall the expected visual field deficit.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X2a9TP",label:"Recognize a pure motor stroke, and recall the affected cerebral artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q2auhP",label:"Recognize a lacunar stroke involving the subthalamic nucleus, and recall its characteristic movement disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pSaL04",label:"Recognize a pure sensory stroke, and recall the affected brain structure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"khamV4",label:"Recognize conduction aphasia, and recall its associated cerebral artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HpaKIl",label:"Recognize medial medullary syndrome, and recall arterial supply of the brainstem.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XIa9YN",label:"Recognize a lacunar infarction of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and recall the associated motor deficits.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iwaJi5",label:"Recognize hemorrhagic transformation as a complication of ischemic stroke treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7CY4tr",label:"Recognize thalamic pain syndrome (central poststroke pain).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/2R0Tmf",label:"Subarachnoid hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"YO0nIT",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NO0-sT",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test when CT is inconclusive.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6O0jtT",label:"Recognize vasospasm as a complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the appropriate medication to prevent this complication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wl0h_T",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E2a8jP",label:"Recognize complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and choose the appropriate prophylactic medication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rRafo4",label:"Recognize subarachnoid hemorrhage, and recall its location within the meningeal layers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/fR0kmf",label:"Intracerebral hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"kj0m0T",label:"Recognize intracerebral hemorrhage, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zD0rSR",label:"Recognize intracerebral hemorrhage due to hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CiaqF4",label:"Recognize cerebral amyloid angiopathy as a cause of spontaneous lobar intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/SR0ymf",label:"Cerebral venous thrombosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"_l05zT",label:"Recognize septic cavernous sinus thrombosis, and choose the appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ola0Bk",label:"Recognize cerebral venous thrombosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"soatWl",label:"Recognize cerebral venous thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-DaDS5",label:"Recognize posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/RR0l5f",label:"Seizures and epilepsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"OM0IKg",label:"Recognize a focal seizure with Todd paralysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fL0kCg",label:"Recognize a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TL06Cg",label:"Recognize focal seizure with impaired awareness.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SL0yCg",label:"Recognize postictal lactic acidosis, and recall the associated laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RL0lxg",label:"Recognize seizure-induced Todd paralysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iL0Jxg",label:"Recognize a tonic-clonic seizure, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QL0uxg",label:"Recognize cortical laminar necrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FL0gzg",label:"Recognize a focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"io0JbS",label:"Recognize status epilepticus, and choose the first-line treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sUateP",label:"Recognize complex partial seizures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SkayMk",label:"Recognize status epilepticus, and choose an antiepileptic drug that alters sodium ion flow across neuronal membranes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6yajTM",label:"Recognize psychogenic nonepileptic seizure, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/iR0J5f",label:"Focal seizures and syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"9s0NCh",label:"Recognize focal seizures with impaired consciousness, and recall the expected EEG findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/jR0_5f",label:"Generalized epilepsy in childhood",children:[{type:"question",id:"VL0G9g",label:"Recognize absence seizures, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RjalZk",label:"Recognize childhood absence seizures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fPakVk",label:"Recognize juvenile absence epilepsy, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ykanmk",label:"Recognize juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/4R03Mf",label:"Transient global amnesia",children:[{type:"question",id:"oM00pg",label:"Recognize transient global amnesia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/kR0mMf",label:"Narcolepsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"PM0WKg",label:"Recognize narcolepsy, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9eaNaP",label:"Recognize narcolepsy, and recall its CSF findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SSay_P",label:"Recognize narcolepsy with cataplexy, and choose the most appropriate nighttime pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"amaQVO",label:"Recognize narcolepsy, and recall its polysomnographic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/OR0IMf",label:"Syringomyelia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Kl0UBT",label:"Recognize syringomyelia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HA0KOi",label:"Recognize central cord syndrome, and recall the associated clinical finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nha-V4",label:"Recognize syringomyelia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/NR0-Mf",label:"Incomplete spinal cord syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lg0wD2",label:"Recognize central cord syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MP0M2T",label:"Recognize Brown-S\xe9quard syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dk0o5T",label:"Recognize anterior spinal artery syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UL0bCg",label:"Recognize anterior cord syndrome, and recall its vascular supply.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3L0Sxg",label:"Recognize anterior spinal artery syndrome, and recall the preserved sensory function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gcaFbj",label:"Recall the blood supply to the dorsal columns of the spinal cord.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PPaWUk",label:"Recognize partial Brown-Sequard syndrome, and recall the expected motor function findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aqaQCl",label:"Recognize anterior cord syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/MR0Mnf",label:"Spinal muscular atrophy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q9auM5",label:"Recognize spinal muscular atrophy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/LR0wnf",label:"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"RM0log",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kn0U8g",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6n0j8g",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and recall its effect on motor neurons.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BUaz2P",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and recall its effects on motor neurons.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3TaSqP",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ERa8K4",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and recall the pharmacotherapy that slows its progression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zHarGN",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management before transferring a patient with ALS to hospice care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Faegm",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and recall its respiratory complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Ea5ym",label:"Recognize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/KR0ULf",label:"Friedreich ataxia",children:[{type:"question",id:"BL0z-g",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AL0RZS",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Leawzj",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia and associated hammer toes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nga7DP",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its most common cause of death.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UnabsO",label:"Recognize Friedreich ataxia, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/JR0sLf",label:"Spinal stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"9n0Nvg",label:"Recognize neurogenic claudication, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zn0rDg",label:"Recognize lumbar spinal stenosis, and recall the postural change that relieves symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/qR0CLf",label:"Polyneuropathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"s30tPf",label:"Recognize Refsum disease, and recall its associated cellular defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wM0hIg",label:"Recognize chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and recall its associated autoantibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vqaAZN",label:"Recognize polyneuropathy as a cause of sensory ataxia and hyporeflexia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wEahBm",label:"Recognize symptoms of polyneuropathy, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/7R04of",label:"Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"vT0As2",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ii0YGf",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9maN3O",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall the process of nerve recovery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JDas25",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hwaci5",label:"Recognize Miller-Fisher syndrome, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/HR0Kof",label:"Shingles",children:[{type:"question",id:"_R05pf",label:"Recognize postherpetic neuralgia, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/sR0tof",label:"Carpal tunnel syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Gg0B92",label:"Recognize median nerve compression as carpal tunnel syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vS0AYf",label:"Recognize carpal tunnel syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ItaYUm",label:"Recognize carpal tunnel syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/tR0XKf",label:"Cranial nerve palsies",children:[{type:"question",id:"7L04_g",label:"Recognize diabetic mononeuropathy as a cause of cranial nerve palsy, and recall that ptosis is a feature of oculomotor nerve palsy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5z0iti",label:"Recognize diabetic mononeuropathy presenting as oculomotor nerve palsy, and recall the associated clinical feature of ptosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R-0lCi",label:"Recognize the functions of cranial nerve VII, and recall its role in taste and facial expressions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2VaTFj",label:"Recognize trochlear nerve palsy, and recall its affected muscle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LSawZ4",label:"Recognize a lesion of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, and recall the skull foramen it exits through.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KSaU04",label:"Recognize oculomotor nerve palsy, and recall its potential causes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9SaNb4",label:"Recognize a lesion of the vagus nerve (CN X), and recall its associated physical examination findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CSaqb4",label:"Recognize a superior orbital fissure syndrome, and recall the associated cranial nerve deficits.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ehax14",label:"Recall the functions of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), and recall the consequences of its lesion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ShayW4",label:"Recognize a paraganglioma of the jugular foramen, and recall the functions of the glossopharyngeal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C3aqk4",label:"Recognize Zenker diverticulum, and recall the functions of the vagus nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sRato4",label:"Recognize anterior middle cranial fossa fracture, and recall the associated cranial nerve injuries.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VjaGz4",label:"Recognize compression of the maxillary nerve, and recall its sensory distribution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Oajtk",label:"Recognize impaired cough reflex due to nerve damage, and recall the anatomical site of the internal laryngeal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OMaIKO",label:"Recognize lateral pontine syndrome, and recall the deficits associated with trigeminal nerve involvement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EJa8Dl",label:"Recognize facial nerve palsy due to a schwannoma, and recall anatomy of the cerebellopontine angle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AzaRvM",label:"Recognize posterior communicating artery aneurysm as a cause of CN III palsy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/FR0gKf",label:"Facial nerve palsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"eO0xrT",label:"Recognize peripheral facial nerve palsy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xeaEaP",label:"Recognize central facial nerve palsy, and recall its characteristic neurological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ga5BP",label:"Recognize complications of parotidectomy, and recall the functions of the facial nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jwa_i5",label:"Recognize Bell palsy, and recall that no further evaluation is necessary.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PwaWQ5",label:"Recognize the prognosis of Bell palsy, and choose the most appropriate response to a patient's concern about recovery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/8R0OKf",label:"Progressive muscular dystrophies",children:[{type:"question",id:"qj0CYT",label:"Recognize Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and recall the role of dystrophin protein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KhaUU4",label:"Recognize Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and recall the role of dystrophin protein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qFaCQm",label:"Recognize Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/uR0pKf",label:"Myotonic syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"tL0Xzg",label:"Recognize myotonic dystrophy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tia6I4",label:"Recognize myotonic dystrophy, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/DR016f",label:"Myasthenia gravis",children:[{type:"question",id:"IS0Yaf",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and recall the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7k046T",label:"Recognize an anterior mediastinal mass associated with myasthenia gravis, and recall the diagnostic antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HL0K_g",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and choose the most appropriate initial investigation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ou0Ir3",label:"Recognize myasthenic crisis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F2agjP",label:"Recognize an anterior mediastinal mass, and recall the associated diagnostic antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XTa96P",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and recall the mechanism of action of cholinesterase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q3auR4",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j3a_R4",label:"Recognize Lambert-Eaton syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Na5dO",label:"Recognize Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ctaacm",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/9R0N6f",label:"Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"pVaLvj",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and recall its prevention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zVarCj",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy autopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wkahJk",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and recall the effects of administering glucose without thiamine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3MaSoO",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and recall the role of thiamine in enzyme function.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/BR0z6f",label:"Cerebellar syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"wn0hvg",label:"Recognize cerebellar degeneration due to alcohol use.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1L029g",label:"Recall the clinical features of a cerebellar lesion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SK0yfS",label:"Recognize acute cerebellar ataxia due to varicella-zoster virus infection, and recall its associated neurological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"17a2kN",label:"Recognize cerebellar hemisphere injury, and recall its manifestations on coordination tests.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W7aPkN",label:"Recognize cerebellar vermis injury, and recall its associated symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/AR0Rpf",label:"Ulnar nerve entrapment",children:[{type:"question",id:"jn0_Gg",label:"Recognize cubital tunnel syndrome, and recall the associated physical examination findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"chaa14",label:"Recognize ulnar nerve entrapment at Guyon canal, and recall its associated hand muscle dysfunctions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/_R05pf",label:"Radial neuropathies",children:[{type:"question",id:"S3ay34",label:"Recognize radial nerve injury, and recall its motor innervation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/zR0rpf",label:"Median nerve neuropathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"geaFyj",label:"Recognize median nerve injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Zi0ZJf",label:"Peripheral nerve injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"8L0Ozg",label:"Recognize lateral femoral cutaneous syndrome (meralgia paresthetica), and choose the most appropriate management for symptom relief.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ho0cbS",label:"Recognize common peroneal neuropathy, and recall the expected motor function finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yp0nLS",label:"Recognize Klumpke palsy, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YE0n83",label:"Recognize femoral nerve injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M_0MKi",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of axillary nerve injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pcaLWj",label:"Recall the innervation of the hip flexors and the effects of femoral nerve block.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vWaAMj",label:"Recognize winged scapula, and recall the nerve that innervates the serratus anterior muscle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ySadX4",label:"Recognize common peroneal nerve injury, and recall its effect on foot dorsiflexion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xha9c4",label:"Recognize injury to the right superior gluteal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qhaCU4",label:"Recognize musculocutaneous nerve injury, and recall the actions it controls.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rhaf24",label:"Recognize tibial nerve compression, and recall its sensory distribution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ha424",label:"Recognize a positive Trendelenburg sign, and recall the anatomical landmarks for safe intramuscular injection in the buttock.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j_0_Li",label:"Recognize musculocutaneous nerve injury, and recall the anatomy of the brachial plexus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jka_nk",label:"Recall the characteristics of central chromatolysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V6aGPl",label:"Recognize long thoracic nerve injury, and recall its spinal root origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/bi0HJf",label:"Locked-in syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"9IaNUN",label:"Recognize locked-in syndrome, and recall the artery typically involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/1i02qf",label:"Wallenberg syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"4n03tg",label:"Recognize Wallenberg syndrome, and recall its associated arterial occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B6azMl",label:"Recognize lateral medullary syndrome, and recall its associated vascular supply.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Wi0Pqf",label:"Spinal cord injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"f50kjg",label:"Recognize spinal shock and neurogenic shock due to spinal cord injury, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ui0bIf",label:"Horner syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"7Ra4o4",label:"Recognize compression of the stellate ganglion causing Horner syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ti06If",label:"Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo",children:[{type:"question",id:"_M05rg",label:"Recognize benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HeaKZP",label:"Recognize benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and recall its association with nystagmus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u8apom",label:"Recognize benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/gi0FIf",label:"Meniere disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"CS0qbf",label:"Recognize Meniere disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fv0kz3",label:"Recognize Meniere disease, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vgaACP",label:"Recognize endolymphatic hydrops as the cause of M\xe9ni\xe8re disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Si0yIf",label:"Vestibular neuritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"F9Yg6r",label:"Distinguish labyrinthitis from other causes of dizziness.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/hi0crf",label:"Migraine",children:[{type:"question",id:"kL0mBg",label:"Choose the most appropriate therapy for long-term prevention of migraine headaches.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OL0IBg",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for acute migraine with vomiting.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NL0-Bg",label:"Recognize migraine in a pediatric patient, and choose the most appropriate abortive treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fWakkj",label:"Recognize migraine headaches, and recall the mechanism of action of triptans.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ja30k",label:"Recognize migraine headache.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/3i0Srf",label:"Tension-type headache",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sn0ysg",label:"Choose the most appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy for chronic tension headache.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dDaoW5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for episodic tension-type headaches.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ri0lrf",label:"Cluster headache",children:[{type:"question",id:"3h0Sdf",label:"Recognize cluster headaches, and choose the most appropriate acute treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fw0kRR",label:"Recognize cluster headache.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bTaH6P",label:"Recognize cluster headache.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ga49P",label:"Recognize cluster headache, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for acute relief.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ii0Jrf",label:"Trigeminal neuralgia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ph0WVf",label:"Recognize trigeminal neuralgia, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5A0i4i",label:"Recognize trigeminal neuralgia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AgaRBP",label:"Recognize trigeminal neuralgia, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ji0_rf",label:"Degenerative disk disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"10a2UQ",label:"Recognize S1 radiculopathy, and recall its effect on reflexes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jfa_NP",label:"Recognize lateral disk herniation, and recall the site for steroid injection to relieve radiculopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Pi0W7f",label:"Dissection of the carotid and the vertebral artery",children:[{type:"question",id:"KM0Upg",label:"Recognize carotid artery dissection, and choose the most appropriate antithrombotic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/li0v7f",label:"Polycystic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"SWaykj",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/QQ0uDf",label:"Thoracic outlet syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q8aumm",label:"Recognize neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/kQ0mwf",label:"Torticollis",children:[{type:"question",id:"C60qMS",label:"Recognize congenital torticollis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/AQ0RAf",label:"Metal toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"8NaO1O",label:"Recognize mercury poisoning, and recall its treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/-Q0DAf",label:"Work-related conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fz0gui",label:"Recognize noise-induced hearing loss due to destruction of the organ of Corti.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KKaUhl",label:"Recognize noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Oj0I0T",label:"Pituitary adenoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"L3awQ4",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of a pituitary adenoma, and recall its associated cellular origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/mj0VaT",label:"Otitis externa",children:[{type:"question",id:"3N0Sag",label:"Recognize otitis externa, and recall its most common pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GgaB9P",label:"Recognize otitis externa, and recall its most common causal pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nqa-Al",label:"Recognize prevention strategies for recurrent otitis externa, and choose the most appropriate recommendation after swimming activities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j7a_lN",label:"Recognize acute otitis externa, and choose the most appropriate topical therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/5j0iaT",label:"Otitis media with effusion",children:[{type:"question",id:"On0Itg",label:"Recognize otitis media with effusion, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Mj0MaT",label:"Acute otitis media",children:[{type:"question",id:"Pi0W7f",label:"Recognize acute mastoiditis with potential intracranial complications, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mi0MHf",label:"Choose the most appropriate 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cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GL0B_g",label:"Recognize brain metastasis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EL08zg",label:"Recognize a pilocytic astrocytoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zx0ZER",label:"Recognize hemangioblastoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j1a_gj",label:"Recognize craniopharyngioma, and recall its origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g3aF34",label:"Recognize vestibular schwannoma, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"43a3i4",label:"Recall the histopathological findings and typical location of a craniopharyngioma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l3avi4",label:"Recognize pilocytic astrocytoma and its association with Rosenthal fibers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_3a5O4",label:"Recognize glioblastoma multiforme, and recall its microscopic features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A4aRNk",label:"Recognize medulloblastoma and its association with Homer Wright rosettes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"POaWsk",label:"Recognize brain metastases, and recall their common primary origins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r8afLm",label:"Recognize glioblastoma multiforme (grade IV astrocytoma).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/G50Blg",label:"Orbital disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wt0Pc3",label:"Recognize signs specific to orbital cellulitis, and choose the strongest indication for administering intravenous antibiotics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ewax35",label:"Recognize preseptal cellulitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"O2aI3P",label:"Recognize Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and recall its mitochondrial inheritance pattern.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/bM0HMg",label:"Subclavian steal syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"uM0pqg",label:"Recognize subclavian steal syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/4M03Kg",label:"Endophthalmitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"SDayd5",label:"Recognize acute postoperative endophthalmitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/8M0Oqg",label:"Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine",children:[{type:"question",id:"YQ0nuf",label:"Recognize chloroquine retinopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/EM08qg",label:"Hydrocephalus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zn0Z7g",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tn0XEg",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fn0gEg",label:"Recognize hydrocephalus in an infant, and choose the initial neuroimaging modality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8n0OEg",label:"Recognize communicating hydrocephalus, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eVaxtj",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and choose the definitive treatment to improve the patient's condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xTaEGP",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5haie4",label:"Recognize congenital toxoplasmosis, and recall its neurological manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ia4G4",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and recall its clinical triad.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"enaxHO",label:"Recognize cortical atrophy associated with dementia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L6awll",label:"Recognize communicating hydrocephalus, and recall its association with meningitis complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PFaWRm",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"gRaFm4",label:"Recognize neonatal meningitis, and recall the virulence factors of Escherichia coli.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uRapK4",label:"Recognize Neisseria meningitidis meningitis, and recall its initial virulence factor for infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2kaTMk",label:"Recognize malignant otitis externa, and recall the mechanism of Pseudomonas exotoxin A.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UNab0O",label:"Recognize bacterial meningitis, and recall the growth requirements of Haemophilus influenzae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/nL07yg",label:"Botulism",children:[{type:"question",id:"kg0mv2",label:"Recognize infant botulism, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6M0jpg",label:"Recognize foodborne botulism, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kPamUk",label:"Recognize botulism, and recall its cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WLaP9O",label:"Recognize infant botulism, and recall the mechanism of action of the causal toxin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/HL0K_g",label:"Elevated intracranial pressure and brain herniation",children:[{type:"question",id:"mN0Vbg",label:"Choose the most appropriate intervention to reduce cerebral blood flow in the context of intracranial pressure management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MN0Mbg",label:"Recognize Cushing's triad, and recall its association with elevated intracranial pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nN07bg",label:"Recognize uncal herniation, and recall its early neurological sequelae.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GM0BJg",label:"Recognize subfalcine herniation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0iaeJ4",label:"Recognize transtentorial uncal herniation, and recall the associated false localizing signs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tiaXt4",label:"Recognize subfalcine herniation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rOafFk",label:"Choose the intervention to decrease intracranial pressure in a patient with cerebral edema post-stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tna6sO",label:"Recognize transtentorial uncal herniation, and recall the cranial nerve most likely to be injured.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lKavgl",label:"Recognize HSV encephalitis, and recall the pathologic mechanism underlying vasogenic edema.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/tL0Xzg",label:"Mitral valve stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"DMa1IO",label:"Recognize extrinsic impingement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/1o02aS",label:"HIV-associated conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"og00w2",label:"Recognize cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV/AIDS.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gi0BGf",label:"Recognize primary CNS lymphoma in an HIV patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Q0euf",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for primary CNS lymphoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5SaiZ4",label:"Recognize primary cerebral lymphoma in HIV patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ko0mXS",label:"Carotid artery stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"sj0tbT",label:"Recognize symptomatic carotid artery stenosis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sM0tJg",label:"Recognize a transient ischemic attack (TIA), and choose the most appropriate secondary prevention strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/5o0icS",label:"Cerebral palsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"so0tWS",label:"Recognize spastic cerebral palsy, and recall its strongest risk factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Lo0wcS",label:"The cell",children:[{type:"question",id:"E3a844",label:"Recognize the chemoreceptor trigger zone, and recall the proteins that compose tight junctions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/qo0C1S",label:"Signal transduction",children:[{type:"question",id:"rMafJO",label:"Recall the effect of acetylcholine on endothelial nitric oxide release.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Fo0gdS",label:"Preterm labor and birth",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wo0PaS",label:"Recognize intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zgarBP",label:"Recognize germinal matrix hemorrhage in preterm infants.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/uo0pdS",label:"Basics of embryology",children:[{type:"question",id:"ULabCO",label:"Recognize holoprosencephaly, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"TTa6JP",label:"Recognize facial nerve palsy, and recall the muscles it innervates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a3aQS4",label:"Recognize neurofibromatosis type 2, and recall the origin of Schwann cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/9o0NVS",label:"Resting potentials and action potentials",children:[{type:"question",id:"3daSpj",label:"Recognize tetrodotoxin poisoning, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nna-tO",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall the effects of remyelination on neuronal properties.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/WK0P2S",label:"The cerebral cortex, meninges, basal ganglia, and ventricular system",children:[{type:"question",id:"6cajWj",label:"Recall the regions of the body corresponding to different areas of the motor homunculus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AeaRYP",label:"Recall the function of the superior parietal lobule in stereognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rSafa4",label:"Recognize Broca aphasia, and recall neuroanatomy of the cerebral cortex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yPadhk",label:"Recognize schizophrenia, and recall the dopaminergic pathway targeted by antipsychotics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NMa-KO",label:"Recall neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S6ay4l",label:"Recognize Wilson disease, and recall neuroanatomy of the basal ganglia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YpanLl",label:"Recognize prosopagnosia, and recall the brain region typically affected.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kramhN",label:"Recognize noncommunicating hydrocephalus, and recall the ventricular system's embryologic origins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ua3rm",label:"Recognize cerebral contrecoup injury, and recall its behavioral sequelae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/FK0gRS",label:"Amino acids",children:[{type:"question",id:"7da4rj",label:"Recognize a urea cycle disorder, and recall the role of glutamine in hyperammonemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/vK0ARS",label:"Skull",children:[{type:"question",id:"xSaEb4",label:"Recognize acute epidural hematoma, and recall the associated vascular anatomy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/b60HjS",label:"Head and neck region",children:[{type:"question",id:"DRa164",label:"Recognize phrenic nerve compression, and recall its sensory innervation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/e60xPS",label:"Nose and sinuses",children:[{type:"question",id:"MQaM94",label:"Recall the sensory pathway that bypasses the thalamus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/T6064S",label:"Larynx",children:[{type:"question",id:"qz0CFi",label:"Recall the anatomy and function of the superior laryngeal nerve.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/560ilS",label:"Autonomic nervous system",children:[{type:"question",id:"ukappk",label:"Recall the types of acetylcholine receptors, and recall their structural similarities.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/p60LNS",label:"The leg, ankle, and foot",children:[{type:"question",id:"gTaFJP",label:"Recall the sensory and motor innervation of the deep peroneal nerve.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/G60BmS",label:"Spinal cord tracts and reflexes",children:[{type:"question",id:"NPa-Uk",label:"Recall neuroanatomy of ascending sensory pathways in the spinal cord.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zbarwQ",label:"Recognize lower motor neuron damage, and recall neuroanatomy of the spinal cord.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5maiTO",label:"Recognize vitamin B12 deficiency neuropathy, and recall its effects on proprioception and vibratory sensation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ynadDO",label:"Recognize the anatomical features of spinal cord cross-sections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/A60RnS",label:"Pelvis and hip joint",children:[{type:"question",id:"YVanGj",label:"Recall the sensory and motor innervation of the pudendal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DQa1y4",label:"Recognize pudendal nerve injury, and recall its effects on reflexes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/-60DnS",label:"Diencephalon",children:[{type:"question",id:"-eaDYP",label:"Recall the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in sleep regulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0UaebP",label:"Recognize secondary hypothermia due to central nervous system lesions, and recall the role of the preoptic nucleus in thermoregulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oSa004",label:"Recall the function of the lateral nucleus of the hypothalamus, and recall the effects of its inhibition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Yp0nLS",label:"Cerebrovascular system",children:[{type:"question",id:"wSahb4",label:"Recognize anterior cerebral artery stroke, and recall the anatomy of the circle of Willis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/cp0aoS",label:"Eye and orbit",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nwa-Q5",label:"Recognize myopia, and choose the appropriate corrective lenses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZsaZtN",label:"Recognize abnormal neurologic examination findings, and recall conditions that necessitate immediate investigation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/3p0S6S",label:"Forearm, wrist, and hand",children:[{type:"question",id:"vTaAsP",label:"Recognize a ganglion cyst causing carpal tunnel syndrome, and recall the structures passing through the carpal tunnel.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Qp0u6S",label:"Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kdamJj",label:"Recognize ethanol intoxication, and recall its effect on pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/lp0vpS",label:"Nerve tissue, synapses, and neurotransmitters",children:[{type:"question",id:"BSazb4",label:"Recall the function of SSRIs, and recall the primary site of serotonin production in the brain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mMaV6O",label:"Recall the events that trigger neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GMaBJO",label:"Recall the process of reactive gliosis in the CNS and the predominant cell type involved.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fpagrl",label:"Recall the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in synaptic remodeling and addiction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/iJ0JFS",label:"Ischemic stroke",children:[{type:"question",id:"-n0DDg",label:"Recognize symptoms of embolic stroke, and recall the characteristic ECG findings of its common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6L0jAg",label:"Recognize acute ischemic stroke, and choose the most appropriate acute management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eo0xaS",label:"Recognize lipohyalinosis of lenticulostriate arteries as a cause of pure motor stroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jha_d4",label:"Recognize lipohyalinosis of penetrating vessels as a cause of lacunar infarct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9iaNF4",label:"Recognize systemic hypotension as a cause of watershed infarcts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OQaIw4",label:"Recognize anterograde amnesia, and recall the brain structure involved in short-term memory.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oQa0C4",label:"Recognize the presentation of an acute ischemic stroke, and choose the appropriate thrombolytic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MMaM6O",label:"Recall the immunophenotype and function of microglia in the brain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4na3tO",label:"Recall the timeline of histological changes after ischemic brain injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"knamtO",label:"Recognize the timeline of ischemic stroke, and recall the associated histopathologic changes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Uq0bBS",label:"Hypertensive crises",children:[{type:"question",id:"vn0AEg",label:"Recognize a hypertensive 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compression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PL0WBg",label:"Recognize compressive myelopathy due to metastases, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vZaAWQ",label:"Recognize cauda equina syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/9q0N0h",label:"Spinal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"Un0bsg",label:"Recognize spinal epidural abscess, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/II0YVh",label:"Morton neuroma",children:[{type:"question",id:"4l03CT",label:"Recognize intermetatarsal neuroma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/6r0jRh",label:"Transient ischemic attack",children:[{type:"question",id:"uEapxm",label:"Recognize a transient ischemic attack (TIA), and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/b70H4h",label:"Brainstem",children:[{type:"question",id:"RralSN",label:"Recognize medial medullary syndrome, and recall neuroanatomy of the medulla oblongata.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/fH0kph",label:"Vertigo",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rwali5",label:"Recognize acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/KH0Urh",label:"Neuroleptic malignant syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"4M03Kg",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and recall drugs that can cause it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mn0MFg",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qn0C8g",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wZahdQ",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and recall the mechanism of action of dantrolene.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5TairP",label:"Recognize neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and recall drugs that can cause it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/CH0qsh",label:"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"u2apjP",label:"Recognize progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eFaxSm",label:"Recognize progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/bs0Hth",label:"Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms",children:[{type:"question",id:"NUa-WP",label:"Recognize DRESS syndrome, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ss0y8h",label:"Opioid withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"xH0Esh",label:"Recognize neonatal abstinence syndrome, and choose the most appropriate pharmacological treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PUaWWP",label:"Recognize neonatal abstinence syndrome, and recall its associated maternal drug use.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/gG0FAh",label:"Malignant otitis 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recall its association with urinary retention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WiaPq4",label:"Recognize diabetic neuropathy, and recall its microvascular pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/7t04U3",label:"Bacterial conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kQ0mwf",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for acute bacterial conjunctivitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Ht0KU3",label:"Viral conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"r30fPf",label:"Recognize herpes simplex virus conjunctivitis in patients with atopic dermatitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/st0tU3",label:"Noninfectious conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"OQ0Iwf",label:"Recognize seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/zt0rT3",label:"Cerumen impaction",children:[{type:"question",id:"L9YwLr",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for symptomatic cerumen impaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/ZF0Zg3",label:"Serotonin syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"CZaqdQ",label:"Recognize serotonin syndrome, and recall serotonergic drugs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jSa_zP",label:"Recognize serotonin syndrome, and choose the most appropriate antidote.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/nF07i3",label:"Stimulant intoxication and withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"hH0cJh",label:"Recognize cocaine-induced stroke, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hlac9k",label:"Recognize amphetamine intoxication, and recall its precursor in synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/qF0CQ3",label:"Psychiatric drug poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"no07cS",label:"Recognize acute lithium toxicity, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ztarTm",label:"Recognize tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and choose the appropriate antidote for cardiac toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-taDTm",label:"Recognize tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/EF08P3",label:"Overview of fungal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"o900oR",label:"Recognize rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, and recall its common causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/CF0q43",label:"Ear injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"PvaWZ5",label:"Recognize an auricular hematoma, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/Q80um3",label:"Sedative-hypnotic drug overdose",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jg0sw2",label:"Recognize benzodiazepine toxicity, and choose the appropriate antidote.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3s0Suh",label:"Recognize benzodiazepine withdrawal as a cause of seizure following flumazenil administration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bjazck",label:"Recognize benzodiazepine overdose, and recall the receptor targeted by its antidote.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/I80YL3",label:"Cholinergic poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zy0Zdi",label:"Recognize organophosphate poisoning, and recall its antidote mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m3aVQ4",label:"Recognize cholinergic crisis, and choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy to reverse neuromuscular dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"q3aCj4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to reverse cholinergic toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ef0xO2/-80D63",label:"Acute and posttraumatic stress disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"4H03qh",label:"Recognize acute stress disorder.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/2f0Tl2",label:"Pregnancy, Childbirth & the Puerperium",children:[{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"bh0Hcf",label:"Recognize neonatal tetanus, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Nf0-m2",label:"Listeriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"v4aAOk",label:"Recognize listeriosis in pregnancy, and recall its transmission through contaminated food.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wp0PoS",label:"Choose the management strategy to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dp0ooS",label:"Choose the most appropriate postexposure prophylaxis for a newborn born to a mother with HIV.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/rf0fn2",label:"Candidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ACaRu5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for neonatal oral thrush and mammary candidiasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/tT0Xs2",label:"Thalassemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mr0M3h",label:"Recognize microcytic hypochromic anemia with normal iron studies, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Svayzm",label:"Recognize fetal hypoxia due to alpha thalassemia major.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rxafB5",label:"Choose the most appropriate fetal testing method for a pregnancy at risk for thalassemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/-T0Dt2",label:"Hypopituitarism",children:[{type:"question",id:"BA0zNi",label:"Recognize Sheehan syndrome, and recall its hormonal findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/cg0a82",label:"Hypothyroidism",children:[{type:"question",id:"HzaK8M",label:"Choose the most appropriate management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/OS0I-2",label:"Hepatitis B",children:[{type:"question",id:"akaQmk",label:"Recognize evidence of successful hepatitis B vaccination, and choose the appropriate delivery plan for the patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/lS0v-2",label:"Hepatitis C",children:[{type:"question",id:"oi00sf",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccination for a pregnant patient with chronic hepatitis C infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Ch0qTf",label:"Congenital diaphragmatic hernias",children:[{type:"question",id:"bPaHWk",label:"Recognize a bronchogenic cyst, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/hR0c5f",label:"Antiphospholipid syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Y70n4h",label:"Recognize placental thrombosis secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"880Oo3",label:"Recognize antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy, and choose the appropriate anticoagulation therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/sR0tof",label:"Carpal tunnel syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"VdaGKj",label:"Recognize carpal tunnel syndrome, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/vR0AKf",label:"Inborn errors of metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"eT0xp2",label:"Recognize malignant phenylketonuria (PKU), and choose the appropriate supplementation to prevent further complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rL0f_g",label:"Recognize phenylketonuria (PKU), and choose the appropriate dietary intervention to prevent its symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/hi0crf",label:"Migraine",children:[{type:"question",id:"2uaTqm",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for migraine in pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/7i04Gf",label:"Urinary tract infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"oj00YT",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic for asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aEaQ8m",label:"Recognize the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/kQ0mwf",label:"Torticollis",children:[{type:"question",id:"O0aITQ",label:"Recognize congenital torticollis, and recall its predisposing factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/PP0WUT",label:"Major depressive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"utap2m",label:"Recognize the symptoms of postpartum blues, and choose the appropriate follow-up care.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/pP0LfT",label:"Schizophrenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"6s0jDh",label:"Recognize treatment-resistant schizophrenia, and choose the most appropriate antipsychotic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/a40Q3T",label:"The newborn infant",children:[{type:"question",id:"KK0UhS",label:"Recognize normal neonatal weight loss, and choose the most appropriate management for a healthy exclusively breastfed newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6K0jhS",label:"Recognize the need for neonatal resuscitation, and choose the initial resuscitation step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JK0shS",label:"Recognize intrauterine hypoxia as a cause of neonatal polycythemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qK0ChS",label:"Recognize the effects of maternal estrogen exposure in a neonate, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/1402RT",label:"Tall stature and abnormally rapid growth",children:[{type:"question",id:"vK0ARS",label:"Recognize the signs of hypoglycemia in neonates with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/d40oRT",label:"Congenital TORCH infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"JS0s0f",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of rubella, and choose the appropriate management for a pregnant patient beyond the first trimester.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xi09Jf",label:"Recognize neonatal herpes simplex virus infection, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ci0aqf",label:"Recognize the risk of varicella infection in a pregnant woman without immunity, and choose the most appropriate prophylactic treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"di0oqf",label:"Recognize active genital herpes in labor, and choose the appropriate delivery method and antiviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nP072T",label:"Recognize congenital toxoplasmosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LP0w2T",label:"Recognize congenital rubella infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Go0BWS",label:"Recognize congenital cytomegalovirus infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fr0gQh",label:"Recognize hydrops fetalis, and recall its association with Parvovirus B19 infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o0a0SQ",label:"Recognize congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dbaosQ",label:"Recognize congenital rubella infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZtaZXm",label:"Recognize early-onset neonatal listeriosis, and recall its maternal risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GDaBf5",label:"Recognize early congenital syphilis, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/V40GRT",label:"Teratogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"-VaDCj",label:"Recall the complications of cocaine use during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/e40xRT",label:"Chromosomal aberrations",children:[{type:"question",id:"wo0hVS",label:"Recognize Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), and recall its associated cardiac malformation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PK0WgS",label:"Recognize trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"80aO3Q",label:"Recognize trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/U40biT",label:"Down syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"bXaH9Q",label:"Recognize fetal trisomy 21, and recall its associated quadruple marker test findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/240TiT",label:"Rare inherited syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"To06YS",label:"Recognize fragile X syndrome, and recall its associated cardiac complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/T406iT",label:"Sudden infant death syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"2S0T_2",label:"Choose the most effective step to prevent sudden infant death syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WEaPum",label:"Recall risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vxaAy5",label:"Recognize a low-risk brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE), and choose the most appropriate next step in evaluation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/S40yiT",label:"Birth traumas",children:[{type:"question",id:"5o0icS",label:"Recognize cephalohematoma in a newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i60JkS",label:"Recognize neonatal clavicle fracture, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/340SQT",label:"Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"f60k4S",label:"Recognize transient tachypnea of the newborn, and choose the initial supportive care measure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j60_kS",label:"Recognize respiratory distress syndrome in preterm newborns.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LI0wWh",label:"Recognize postterm pregnancy, and recall its neonatal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SMayLO",label:"Recognize neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and choose the appropriate antenatal medication to prevent it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ta5Tm",label:"Recognize meconium aspiration syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/R40lQT",label:"Neonatal jaundice",children:[{type:"question",id:"bK0HUS",label:"Recognize unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn, and choose the first-line treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vJ0ADS",label:"Recognize inadequate breastfeeding as a cause of neonatal jaundice.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CJ0qwS",label:"Recognize breastfeeding failure jaundice, and choose the most appropriate management to address dehydration and weight loss.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yJ0d9S",label:"Recognize breast milk jaundice.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JzasFM",label:"Recognize physiological neonatal jaundice.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/i40JQT",label:"Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"bi0HJf",label:"Choose the appropriate timing for anti-D antibody screening and administration of anti-D immunoglobulin in Rh-negative pregnant women.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rQ0fxf",label:"Recognize hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vQ0ABf",label:"Recognize ABO incompatibility as a cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W70Pkh",label:"Recognize fetomaternal hemorrhage in an Rh-negative mother, and choose the most appropriate test to quantify it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cRaaN4",label:"Recognize ABO incompatibility in neonatal jaundice, and recall the role of maternal antibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YianJ4",label:"Recognize hemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rh incompatibility, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W4aPRk",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic treatment for Rh-negative pregnant women.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yuadFm",label:"Choose the appropriate management for Rh-negative women after spontaneous abortion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Q40uQT",label:"Vitamin K deficiency bleeding of the newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"UJ0btS",label:"Recall the importance of vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/4403jT",label:"Acyanotic congenital heart defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"Utab1m",label:"Recognize patent ductus arteriosus, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/L40wPT",label:"Cystic fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"0k0emT",label:"Recognize meconium ileus as a cause of bowel obstruction in a newborn, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/K40U4T",label:"Esophageal atresia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ieaJAj",label:"Recognize VACTERL association, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/p40L4T",label:"Congenital visceral malformations",children:[{type:"question",id:"8K0ORS",label:"Recognize gastroschisis as an isolated defect.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/aO0QIT",label:"Ovarian cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"guaFqm",label:"Recognize the source of progesterone in different stages of pregnancy, and choose the appropriate management after oophorectomy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/dO0orT",label:"Pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"N0a-TQ",label:"Recognize the timeline of early pregnancy detection, and choose the most sensitive test for diagnosing pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-aaDMQ",label:"Recall the physiological changes in pregnancy affecting renal function, and recall the cause of glucosuria in this context.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lVavuj",label:"Recognize increased intravascular volume during pregnancy exacerbating mitral stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ra2TN",label:"Recall changes in maternal human chorionic 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toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cI0abh",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HI0KVh",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension in pregnancy, and recall its fetal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9I0NUh",label:"Recognize postpartum eclampsia, and choose the most appropriate anticonvulsive therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I70YMh",label:"Recognize pulmonary edema as a complication of preeclampsia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"50aigQ",label:"Recognize preeclampsia with severe features, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ebaxsQ",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome, and recall its associated liver pathology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ibaJtQ",label:"Recognize chronic hypertension in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qqaCzl",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HGaK0m",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome, and choose the most appropriate management for a patient at ≥ 34 weeks' gestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fEakEm",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic medication for pregnant women at high risk of developing preeclampsia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iCaJ75",label:"Recognize preeclampsia without severe features, and choose the most appropriate outpatient management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wCah85",label:"Choose the most appropriate antihypertensive therapy in pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/UO0b7T",label:"Antepartum hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"kq0mAS",label:"Recognize placenta previa with active bleeding, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5q0i_S",label:"Recognize ruptured vasa previa.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yq0dah",label:"Recognize maternal cocaine use, and recall its complications in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sI0tVh",label:"Recognize placenta 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management in the setting of hemodynamic instability and fetal distress.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XA09Ri",label:"Recognize placenta previa, and recall its ultrasound findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_8a56m",label:"Recognize placenta previa, and choose the most appropriate timing for follow-up ultrasonography.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/2O0T7T",label:"Gestational trophoblastic disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"DI01Uh",label:"Recognize gestational trophoblastic disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wI0hUh",label:"Recognize theca lutein cysts associated with high hCG levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gr0Fgh",label:"Recognize complete hydatidiform mole, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hr0cSh",label:"Recognize an incomplete hydatidiform mole, and recall its ultrasonographic features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n0a7gQ",label:"Recognize a complete hydatidiform mole, and recall its genetic origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5YaipQ",label:"Recognize theca lutein cysts associated with molar pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GYaBqQ",label:"Recognize partial molar pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/fO0k7T",label:"Ectopic pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"zj0r1T",label:"Recognize ruptured ectopic pregnancy presenting with hemorrhagic shock, and choose the initial step in resuscitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MO0MGT",label:"Recognize an interstitial pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cq0q0h",label:"Recognize the potential for ectopic pregnancy in a woman of reproductive age presenting with abdominal pain, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7I04Vh",label:"Recognize interstitial pregnancy in an Rh-negative patient, and choose the most appropriate management including prevention of alloimmunization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-uaDFm",label:"Recognize ectopic pregnancy with features of impending rupture, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/gO0F7T",label:"Pregnancy loss",children:[{type:"question",id:"jq0_yS",label:"Recognize a complete abortion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Mq0M_S",label:"Recognize threatened abortion, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zI0r2h",label:"Recognize inevitable abortion with hemodynamic instability, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-I0D2h",label:"Recognize intrauterine fetal demise, and choose the most appropriate management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sr0ygh",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management after a stillbirth.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ir0JSh",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation, and recall its triggers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5r0i3h",label:"Recognize incomplete abortion, and choose the most appropriate management in a stable patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-70Doh",label:"Recognize septic abortion, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"itaJWm",label:"Recognize a missed abortion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/3O0SHT",label:"Normal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"gn0Fsg",label:"Recognize compression of the common peroneal nerve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IK0Y3S",label:"Recognize alobar holoprosencephaly, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EI08eh",label:"Recognize recurrent variable decelerations indicating umbilical cord compression, and choose initial intrauterine resuscitation measures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vI0Aeh",label:"Recognize umbilical cord compression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jr0_Sh",label:"Recognize fetal head compression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pr0Whh",label:"Recognize fetal distress during labor, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jr0sRh",label:"Recognize active labor with unknown fetal presentation, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YUanbP",label:"Recognize third-degree perineal laceration, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ftag2m",label:"Recognize false labor, and choose the most appropriate management based on the absence of cervical changes and descent of the fetal presenting part.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cEaaum",label:"Choose the most appropriate fetal heart rate monitoring method when external monitoring fails due to maternal obesity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"avaQAm",label:"Recognize obstetric trauma as a cause of fecal incontinence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DBa11M",label:"Recognize normal progression of labor with bloody show, and choose reassurance and continuous monitoring as management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/RO0lHT",label:"Uterine rupture",children:[{type:"question",id:"Eq08Zh",label:"Recognize uterine rupture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uI0peh",label:"Recognize uterine rupture, and recall its most specific physical examination finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dEaoum",label:"Recognize uterine rupture during labor, and choose the most appropriate immediate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VEaGum",label:"Recognize history of cesarean delivery as a risk factor for uterine rupture.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/iO0JHT",label:"Postpartum care",children:[{type:"question",id:"NQ0-wf",label:"Recognize normal postpartum course, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/al0QvT",label:"Fetal growth restriction",children:[{type:"question",id:"_r05Ph",label:"Recognize placental insufficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l70vNh",label:"Recognize asymmetrical intrauterine growth restriction, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"duaoJm",label:"Recognize intrauterine growth restriction, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Yl0nvT",label:"Multiple pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"qr0CRh",label:"Recognize dichorionic-diamniotic twins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BC0z8R",label:"Recognize monochorionic-diamniotic monozygotic twins with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HbaKEQ",label:"Recognize monochorionic-diamniotic monozygotic twinning.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HtaKUm",label:"Recognize monochorionic-monoamniotic twin pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xwa9h5",label:"Recognize monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Xl09vT",label:"Abnormal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"xI0EUh",label:"Recognize premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and recall its most common risk factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yI0d2h",label:"Recognize arrested active phase of labor, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kr0mhh",label:"Recognize persistent variable decelerations, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nr073h",label:"Recognize preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rr0fih",label:"Recognize fetal transverse lie in active labor, and choose the most appropriate delivery method.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cr0qjh",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for a fetus in breech presentation at 38 weeks' gestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xr0Ejh",label:"Recognize the normal progression of the second stage of labor in a nulliparous woman, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Br0zjh",label:"Recognize breech presentation before 37 weeks' gestation, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yr0dPh",label:"Recognize prolonged second stage of labor, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GKaB3l",label:"Recognize fetal macrosomia, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"statUm",label:"Recognize arrest of fetal descent during labor, and choose the appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cuaqtm",label:"Recognize breech presentation, and recall its complications during labor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AuaRFm",label:"Recognize umbilical cord prolapse, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZEaZ8m",label:"Recall complications of forceps-assisted delivery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bEaH8m",label:"Recognize protracted active phase of labor, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ea2um",label:"Recognize preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and choose the initial diagnostic step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/el0xDT",label:"Neural tube defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"9z0NEi",label:"Recognize spina bifida cystica with elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LtawVm",label:"Recognize anencephaly as a neural tube defect, and choose the appropriate prenatal intervention to prevent this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Sl0ywT",label:"Regional anesthesia",children:[{type:"question",id:"V70Gkh",label:"Recognize sympathetic block as a cause of hypotension post-epidural anesthesia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/RN0lag",label:"Prenatal care",children:[{type:"question",id:"gK0FfS",label:"Recognize Down syndrome, and recall its prenatal diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hK0cTS",label:"Recognize the need for noninvasive prenatal screening for Down syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3K0STS",label:"Recognize the high risk of Down syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-q0Dah",label:"Choose the most appropriate preconceptional recommendation regarding nutrient supplementation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WI0Pbh",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening test for gestational diabetes at 24 weeks' gestation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UI0bXh",label:"Recognize early pregnancy, and recall the most accurate predictor of gestational age.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PI0W1h",label:"Choose the most appropriate physical activity recommendations for a pregnant patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AI0R2h",label:"Recognize the high risk of Down syndrome from prenatal screening results, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for confirmation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0r0efh",label:"Recognize abnormal biophysical profile in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yr0nfh",label:"Recognize the recommended prenatal infection screenings, and choose the appropriate tests for a first prenatal visit.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fr0kgh",label:"Recognize elevated maternal serum α-fetoprotein in neural tube defects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4r03hh",label:"Recognize intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios, and choose the most appropriate fetal surveillance method.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dca1ej",label:"Recognize the screening results suggestive of Down syndrome, and recall the diagnostic finding to confirm the diagnosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KkaUKk",label:"Recognize group B streptococcus colonization in pregnancy, and choose the appropriate timing and intervention to decrease vertical transmission.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sMatJO",label:"Recognize underestimation of gestational age as a cause of abnormal alpha-fetoprotein levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3taSWm",label:"Recognize the importance of prenatal screening for Group B streptococcus, and choose the appropriate intervention to reduce the risk of neonatal sepsis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"syatgM",label:"Recognize individuals at risk of developing gestational diabetes, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/dm0oeg",label:"Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"XL09wg",label:"Recognize fetal hydantoin syndrome, and recall its association with maternal phenytoin therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lr0w3h",label:"Recall the teratogenic effects of valproic acid.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8-0O_i",label:"Recognize the teratogenic effects of valproic acid, and recall the interventions for neural tube defects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RSalzP",label:"Recognize the teratogenic effects of carbamazepine, and recall the complications associated with folate antagonism in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6xajx5",label:"Recognize fetal renal hypoplasia due to in utero exposure, and recall the teratogenic effects of ACE inhibitors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/2m0TUg",label:"Parenteral anticoagulation",children:[{type:"question",id:"KQaUC4",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"hracSN",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic for Ureaplasma infection during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Bm0z3g",label:"Influenza",children:[{type:"question",id:"kxam95",label:"Recognize influenza infection in a pregnant patient, and choose the most appropriate antiviral therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"GQ0Bxf",label:"Choose the appropriate vaccines for a pregnant woman in her third trimester.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/gM0FLg",label:"Chorioamnionitis, neonatal infection, and omphalitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"VQ0GEf",label:"Recognize late-onset neonatal sepsis, and choose the initial empirical antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oQ00Cf",label:"Recognize chorioamnionitis in the context of pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8Q0OBf",label:"Recognize early-onset neonatal sepsis, and recall the most common pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xQ0Eyf",label:"Recognize chorioamnionitis with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and choose the most appropriate management in labor induction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ij0YbT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for preventing neonatal GBS infection in labor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hvac-m",label:"Choose the most appropriate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for group B Streptococcus in a patient with a history of penicillin allergy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/mM0V6g",label:"Postpartum hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"mI0VWh",label:"Recognize uterine atony as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"br0Hfh",label:"Distinguish placenta accreta from other causes of antepartum or peripartum hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ir0Yih",label:"Recognize uterine inversion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yC0duR",label:"Recognize postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and choose the initial management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GUaBeP",label:"Recognize postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and recall the mechanism of action of oxytocin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aOaQIk",label:"Recognize placenta accreta, and recall its association with prior Cesarean sections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fHakpN",label:"Recognize injury to the cervix as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"88aOom",label:"Recognize postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony, and choose the initial management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jva_-m",label:"Recognize acute uterine inversion, and choose the most appropriate initial management step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/sM0tJg",label:"Atelectasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ur0pQh",label:"Recognize postoperative atelectasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"hYacKQ",label:"Recognize neonatal sepsis, and recall the characteristics of Streptococcus agalactiae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xaa9QQ",label:"Recognize the use of palivizumab in immunocompromised infants, and recall the transmission route of RSV.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oPa0fk",label:"Recognize Parvovirus B19 infection, and recall its effects on the fetus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/sL0t_g",label:"Nonthrombotic embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"pw0LPR",label:"Recognize amniotic fluid embolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Xo090S",label:"Zika virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"QrauSN",label:"Recognize Zika virus infection and its transmission, and choose the appropriate preventive measure during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Oo0IXS",label:"Cyanotic congenital heart defects",children:[{type:"question",id:"z40rNT",label:"Recognize transposition of the great arteries, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qH0Crh",label:"Recognize the teratogenic effects of lithium, and recall its impact on fetal cardiac development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AZaRVQ",label:"Recognize Ebstein anomaly, and recall its association with lithium use during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/5o0icS",label:"Cerebral palsy",children:[{type:"question",id:"WBYP-r",label:"Recognize cerebral palsy, and recall the antenatal intervention to prevent this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/6o0j1S",label:"Purines and pyrimidines",children:[{type:"question",id:"WkaP5k",label:"Recognize the use of methotrexate in ectopic pregnancy, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Fo0gdS",label:"Preterm labor and birth",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jq0szS",label:"Recognize history of spontaneous preterm birth as a strong risk factor for preterm delivery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qr0uSh",label:"Recognize preterm labor, and choose the most appropriate neuroprotective management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2EaTEm",label:"Recognize the risk factors for preterm delivery, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c-aawM",label:"Recall risk factors for preterm delivery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"16a2Pl",label:"Recognize amniotic band syndrome, and recall the type of embryological abnormality it represents.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Do01VS",label:"The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac",children:[{type:"question",id:"jE0_v3",label:"Recall the function of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in early pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FnagEO",label:"Recall the functions of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/wo0hVS",label:"Prenatal and postnatal physiology",children:[{type:"question",id:"yladzk",label:"Recall fetal blood circulation, and recall the function of the ductus venosus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/W60PPS",label:"Skin and skin appendage",children:[{type:"question",id:"zdarsj",label:"Recognize oculocutaneous albinism, and recall the enzyme defect involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/i60JkS",label:"Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands",children:[{type:"question",id:"LVawEj",label:"Recognize pregnancy as a hyperestrogenic state, and recall its effect on thyroid function tests.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/_q05ah",label:"Maternal complications during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qq0uyS",label:"Recognize physiological changes of late pregnancy, and choose reassurance and monitoring as the management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wr0PTh",label:"Recognize relaxation of the pelvic girdle ligaments.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tr0XQh",label:"Recognize cervical insufficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DA01Ni",label:"Recognize supine hypotensive syndrome in pregnancy, and choose the position to alleviate symptoms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oKa0hl",label:"Recognize acute fatty liver of pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9GaNYm",label:"Recognize acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ttaX2m",label:"Recognize hyperemesis gravidarum, and recall its associated ultrasound finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VuaGJm",label:"Recognize hyperemesis gravidarum, and recall its fetal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YEan8m",label:"Recognize cervical insufficiency and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eEaxum",label:"Recognize the risk of cervical insufficiency due to a short cervix, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IxaYB5",label:"Recognize polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/lI0v1h",label:"Hypokalemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Cx0qAR",label:"Recognize terbutaline-induced hypokalemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Q70ulh",label:"Peripartum cardiomyopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Ea3Dm",label:"Recognize peripartum cardiomyopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kEamDm",label:"Recognize persistent left ventricular dysfunction post-peripartum, and choose the most appropriate counseling regarding future pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/oH00rh",label:"Vaginal bleeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"BHazsN",label:"Recognize an anembryonic pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Rs0luh",label:"Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"1p02oS",label:"Recognize gestational diabetes, and recall its neonatal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9haNT4",label:"Recognize caudal regression syndrome, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Fs0g9h",label:"Family planning",children:[{type:"question",id:"yKadQl",label:"Recognize the need for preconception care, and choose the appropriate screening test for immunity status.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/bt0HX3",label:"Opioid use disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"vCaAF5",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/Xt09X3",label:"Cesarean delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qvau-m",label:"Recognize the importance of informing patients about prenatal childbirth education and obstetric analgesia options.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LBawYM",label:"Recognize indications for scheduled cesarean delivery in the context of previous classical cesarean incision.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/2t0T13",label:"Late-term and postterm pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"3vaS-m",label:"Recognize postterm pregnancy with oligohydramnios, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/nt07V3",label:"Neonatal conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"1Q02Ef",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Q03wf",label:"Recognize neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis, and choose the appropriate prophylactic medication to prevent it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o_006i",label:"Recognize chlamydial conjunctivitis in a newborn, and recall its cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"hI0cch",label:"Recognize the need for contraception in postpartum breastfeeding women, and choose the appropriate contraceptive method.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/N80-53",label:"Infant nutrition and breastfeeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"eJ0xGS",label:"Recall the complications associated with preterm birth related to nutrition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JJ0sES",label:"Recognize contraindications to breastfeeding related to maternal substance use.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nta-dm",label:"Recognize breast engorgement postpartum.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZvaZAm",label:"Choose the most effective method to prevent nipple injury in primiparous women during breastfeeding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/r80fL3",label:"Polyhydramnios",children:[{type:"question",id:"5Eaiwm",label:"Recognize polyhydramnios and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus, and choose the appropriate screening test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/7804L3",label:"Oligohydramnios",children:[{type:"question",id:"Gr0Bih",label:"Recognize oligohydramnios, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"l0avTQ",label:"Recognize Potter sequence due to posterior urethral valves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7aa4NQ",label:"Recognize Potter sequence and pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"2f0Tl2/RE0lv3",label:"Postpartum complications",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yh0ncf",label:"Recognize postpartum endometritis, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4i037f",label:"Recognize postpartum endometritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ivaJ-m",label:"Recognize diastasis recti postpartum, and choose the most appropriate management for this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yzadvM",label:"Recognize septic pelvic thrombophlebitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/gf0Fl2",label:"Immune System",children:[{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"EUa8UP",label:"Recognize tetanus in an unvaccinated child, and choose the appropriate prophylactic measure to prevent the disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"cQ0aEf",label:"Recognize lactic acidosis with respiratory compensation, and recall the adverse effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JF0sQ3",label:"Recognize congenital HIV infection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B90zpR",label:"Recall the adverse effects of HIV protease inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hC0c7R",label:"Choose the preferred regimen for HIV postexposure prophylaxis following high-risk occupational exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e0axUQ",label:"Recall the function of HIV gp120, and recall its role in the HIV infection process.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"leav_j",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of HIV protease inhibitors, and recall their side effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IfaYnP",label:"Recall the changes in laboratory findings associated with a response to antiretroviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-iaD84",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of zidovudine, and recall the process it inhibits in HIV replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HQaKx4",label:"Recall the role of CCR5 in HIV entry into host cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"04ae3k",label:"Recall the adverse effects of antiretroviral protease inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g4aFik",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dkao5k",label:"Recall the function of the HIV pol gene and its role in antiretroviral drug resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qkaunk",label:"Recall the function of HIV envelope proteins, and recall the gene that encodes these proteins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o7a05N",label:"Recognize acute retroviral syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tsa68N",label:"Recognize immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Lf0w52",label:"Infectious mononucleosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"6aajlQ",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/If0Yn2",label:"Pneumocystis pneumonia",children:[{type:"question",id:"O60IOS",label:"Recognize Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in an immunocompromised infant, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/rf0fn2",label:"Candidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"gQaFv4",label:"Recognize oral thrush, and recall its association with T-cell deficiencies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/0T0e62",label:"Reactive arthritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"LB0wYi",label:"Recognize reactive arthritis, and recall its associated enthesitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/1T02p2",label:"Giant cell arteritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"aj0Q_f",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and recall the role of interleukin-6 in its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"pB0Lbi",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its specific antibody markers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/fT0kJ2",label:"Vasculitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"AF0Rk3",label:"Recognize eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"45a34O",label:"Recognize eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/TT06J2",label:"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"wF0h43",label:"Recognize granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and recall its tissue biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/PT0WI2",label:"Chronic myeloid leukemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"yF0dk3",label:"Recognize a leukemoid reaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/oT0072",label:"Mycosis fungoides",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZmaZVO",label:"Recognize mycosis fungoides, and recall the associated neoplastic cell type.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ng07D2",label:"Nephritic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"2G0TAh",label:"Recognize Goodpasture syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Lg0wD2",label:"Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"yXad0j",label:"Recognize poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and recall the role of immune complexes in its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/VS0GA2",label:"Crohn disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"ISaYa4",label:"Recognize Crohn disease, and recall the role of type 1 T helper cells in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/9S0Nbf",label:"Acute rheumatic fever",children:[{type:"question",id:"bdaHoj",label:"Recognize group A streptococcal pharyngitis, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WSaPAP",label:"Recognize rheumatic fever, and recall the role of M protein in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"1ia2q4",label:"Recognize the use of interferon-gamma release assays, and recall the pathogen they diagnose.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jNa_aO",label:"Recognize pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall the composition of caseating granulomas.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PNaWYO",label:"Recognize primary tuberculosis infection, and recall the initial immunologic process in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fnaksO",label:"Recognize pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall its immunological basis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ZR0Zlf",label:"Meningitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"uSapY4",label:"Recognize meningococcal meningitis, and choose the most effective vaccination to prevent this infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/hR0c5f",label:"Antiphospholipid syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"GcaBdj",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus with antiphospholipid syndrome, and recall the diagnostic finding of false-positive syphilis testing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/7R04of",label:"Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"mB0VYi",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall the target of the autoimmune response.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jea_Aj",label:"Recognize Guillain-Barr\xe9 syndrome, and recall its CSF findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"oDa025",label:"Recognize the guidelines for post-exposure prophylaxis follow-up, and recall when no further workup is indicated.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/7Q04xf",label:"Benign bone tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q6aukl",label:"Recognize Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and recall the characteristic cell type involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"6MajpO",label:"Recognize autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS), and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/v40AOT",label:"Asplenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Op0IpS",label:"Choose the most appropriate post-splenectomy prophylactic measure to prevent infections in pediatric patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5u0i73",label:"Choose the most appropriate infection prophylaxis strategy after emergency splenectomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iiaJr4",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease, and recall its impact on bacterial clearance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Vk0G5T",label:"Seborrheic dermatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"xv0EXR",label:"Recognize seborrheic dermatitis in an HIV-positive patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ek0x5T",label:"Hypersensitivity reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"2O0T7T",label:"Recognize a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tx06DR",label:"Recognize a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to latex, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7x04BR",label:"Choose the most appropriate management step for patients after a type I hypersensitivity reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ny07fi",label:"Recognize anaphylaxis, and recall the mediators released from mast cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UaabPQ",label:"Recognize an Arthus reaction, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wcahej",label:"Recognize acute graft rejection, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bUaHbP",label:"Recognize a type I hypersensitivity reaction, and recall its mediators.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SUaycP",label:"Recognize Goodpasture syndrome, and recall its hypersensitivity reaction type.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QUau1P",label:"Recognize myasthenia gravis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1la2Dk",label:"Recognize a type IV hypersensitivity reaction, and recall the role of interferon-γ.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/2k0TMT",label:"Angioedema",children:[{type:"question",id:"lS0v-2",label:"Recognize hereditary angioedema, and recall its treatment targets.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/4k03LT",label:"Psoriasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"jt0_W3",label:"Recognize psoriatic arthritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zB0rWi",label:"Recognize psoriasis, and recall its associated conditions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/7k046T",label:"Vitiligo",children:[{type:"question",id:"zG0rb3",label:"Recognize vitiligo, and recall its associated autoimmune conditions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Fk0gpT",label:"Erythema nodosum",children:[{type:"question",id:"1F02S3",label:"Recognize erythema nodosum, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test to evaluate for underlying systemic disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/MO0MGT",label:"Overview of conjunctivitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ew0x3R",label:"Recognize allergic conjunctivitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Pm0Wfg",label:"Antihistamines",children:[{type:"question",id:"_80563",label:"Recognize contraindications of first-generation antihistamines, and choose an appropriate alternative for allergic reactions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Ra5p4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for allergic rhinitis considering comorbid conditions.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"CkaqJk",label:"Recall drug interactions that increase toxicity of purine analogs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8vaOb5",label:"Recognize methotrexate therapy for psoriatic arthritis, and recall its potential complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/km0mfg",label:"Glucocorticoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"-A0Dmi",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and recall the hematological effects of glucocorticoids.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"8XaO-Q",label:"Recognize acute epiglottitis due to Haemophilus influenzae, and recall the mechanism of action of rifampin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Bm0z3g",label:"Influenza",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q_0uLi",label:"Recall the concept of antigenic drift in influenza viruses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/_m05Rg",label:"Vaccination",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ih0Y2f",label:"Recognize contraindications for routine vaccinations in infants, and choose the appropriate vaccine to withhold based on patient history.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lr0vhh",label:"Recognize vaccine-associated rash, and recall the concept of live attenuated vaccine replication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G_0Bpi",label:"Recall the pathogens targeted by conjugate vaccines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"qF0CQ3",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccination for an HIV-positive patient with a CD4+ count above 200 cells/mm3.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TC06rR",label:"Choose the appropriate immunization for an HIV-positive patient with a low CD4 count.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CNaqWO",label:"Recognize contraindications for live attenuated vaccines in HIV patients with low CD4 counts.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"UFabhm",label:"Recognize surgically induced tissue trauma as a cause of immediate postoperative fever.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/x50Emg",label:"Adaptive immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"1-02wi",label:"Recall the properties of immunoglobulin M (IgM) upon secretion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W-0Pwi",label:"Recall the role of CD40 and CD40 ligand in immunoglobulin class switching, and recall the process of B cell activation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ucabbj",label:"Recall the concept of passive immunity in newborns.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"veaA0P",label:"Recall the properties of live attenuated vaccines that induce strong immune responses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"efaxOP",label:"Recall the function of IgA, and recall the cytokine that induces B-cell class switching to IgA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sTatHP",label:"Recognize the role of the third branchial pouch in embryological development, and recall the clinical presentation of thymic aplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ra2N4",label:"Recognize thymoma-associated paraneoplastic syndromes, and recall the process of negative T-cell selection in the thymus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WRaPN4",label:"Recall the function of the Fc region of IgG.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z4aZ3k",label:"Recall the function of germinal centers, and recall the process of isotype switching.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JOastk",label:"Recognize T-cell anergy in HIV, and recall the role of B7-CD28 interaction in T-cell activation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9paN7l",label:"Recall the target of the checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/QM0uog",label:"Food allergies",children:[{type:"question",id:"rEafCm",label:"Recognize anaphylactic reactions to specific food allergens, and choose the most appropriate dietary recommendation for management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"6g0jw2",label:"Recall the adverse effects of calcineurin inhibitors used in transplant rejection prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fF0kh3",label:"Choose the most appropriate monitoring for patients on calcineurin inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TF06h3",label:"Recognize the side effects of cyclosporine, and recall its uses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kF0mR3",label:"Recall the adverse effects of immunosuppressant drugs used in transplant rejection prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3UaS1P",label:"Recognize methotrexate toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lhavV4",label:"Recognize reduced clinical responsiveness to biologic agents, and recall the role of antidrug antibodies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/tM0Xqg",label:"Congenital immunodeficiency disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"wK0hiS",label:"Recognize disseminated tuberculosis in the context of a congenital T-cell immunodeficiency, and recall the diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9K0NiS",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yK0dQS",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zK0rQS",label:"Recognize Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W60PPS",label:"Recognize severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E6085S",label:"Recognize hyper-IgM syndrome, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v60A5S",label:"Recognize DiGeorge syndrome, and recall the associated immune cell deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y60dnS",label:"Recognize leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, and recall its genetic defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ap0QLS",label:"Recognize Bruton agammaglobulinemia, and recall the role of maternal IgG in infancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FH0gHh",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, and recall its effect on neutrophil function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hy0cUi",label:"Recall the pathogens associated with terminal complement deficiencies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"my0Vfi",label:"Recognize severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WA0Pii",label:"Recognize C3 deficiency, and recall its role in opsonization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wz0hEi",label:"Recognize Chediak-Higashi syndrome, and recall the genetic defect involved.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QYauKQ",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease, and recall the function of NADPH oxidase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Scaybj",label:"Recognize severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and recall its effect on lymphocyte counts.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2WaTkj",label:"Recall the enzyme deficiency associated with recurrent Candida infections and a normal nitroblue tetrazolium test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Feag0P",label:"Recognize severe congenital neutropenia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WfaPOP",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2faTlP",label:"Recognize chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and recall the role of T cells in its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lgavvP",label:"Recognize Giardia lamblia infection, and recall complications of selective IgA deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MhaMe4",label:"Recognize miliary tuberculosis, and recall the associated immunodeficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MkaMok",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease, and recall the organisms it predisposes to infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hOacHk",label:"Recognize IPEX syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SNay0O",label:"Recognize leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dmaoeO",label:"Recognize hyper-IgM syndrome, and recall its associated defect in immune function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ymadRO",label:"Recognize chronic granulomatous disease, and recall the function of the NADPH oxidase complex.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AHaRGN",label:"Recognize Job syndrome, and recall its effect on immunoglobulin isotype concentrations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"usap9N",label:"Recognize common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and recall its associated autoimmune complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2GaTAN",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TGa6AN",label:"Recognize selective IgA deficiency, and recall the associated infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kwamQ5",label:"Recognize recurrent meningococcal infections, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FzaguM",label:"Recognize X-linked agammaglobulinemia, and choose the appropriate prophylactic treatment to prevent recurrent infections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/gn0Fsg",label:"Transplantation",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q50uPg",label:"Recognize acute cellular rejection of a renal allograft.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s50tlg",label:"Recognize acute renal allograft rejection, and choose the initial treatment step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TK06fS",label:"Recognize acute liver transplant rejection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iw0JiR",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic medication for post-kidney transplantation patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EA08li",label:"Recognize graft-versus-host disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FYagIQ",label:"Recognize acute renal allograft rejection, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zcarUj",label:"Recognize hyperacute graft rejection, and recall its immunological cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VGaGyN",label:"Recognize acute graft-versus-host disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"7y04gi",label:"Recognize gonococcal urethritis, and recall the mechanism of antigenic variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"6Pajfk",label:"Recall the role of CD21 in Epstein-Barr virus infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/ln0vtg",label:"Basics of hematology",children:[{type:"question",id:"MmaMTO",label:"Recall the characteristics and functions of natural killer cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Ln0wFg",label:"Laboratory medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"RYalKQ",label:"Recognize a leukemoid reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HqaK-l",label:"Recognize acute bacterial infection as a cause of neutrophilia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/mL0Vyg",label:"Herpes simplex virus infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"q1aC3j",label:"Recognize recurrent genital herpes, and recall its latency in sensory neurons.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/rL0f_g",label:"Hemolytic uremic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"p-0Lyi",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/vL0Azg",label:"Hypothermia and 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patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iOaJHk",label:"Choose the appropriate prophylactic treatment for an HIV-infected patient with a CD4+ count <200/mm3.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9laN_k",label:"Recognize Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and recall the opportunistic infections prevented by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nFa7im",label:"Recall the prophylactic uses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in HIV patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Ho0KWS",label:"Bone tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"cgaa8P",label:"Recall the role of cytokines in bone remodeling and healing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/1K022S",label:"Innate immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"W1aPfj",label:"Recognize trichinellosis, and recall its immune defense mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jga_EP",label:"Recall the function of NOD-like receptors, and recall the role of NF-κB in the innate immune response.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9OaNuk",label:"Recall the role of myeloperoxidase in the coloration of pus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ONaIYO",label:"Recall the structure of MHC I molecules, and recall their role in antigen presentation to CD8+ T-lymphocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ia2bN",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of proteasome inhibitors, and recall their effect on CD8+ T cell activation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/W60PPS",label:"Skin and skin appendage",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ujab-4",label:"Recognize HIV meningoencephalitis, and recall the cell types targeted by HIV.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/960NMS",label:"Lymphatic system",children:[{type:"question",id:"ox00xR",label:"Recognize uncomplicated bronchiolitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ydadsj",label:"Recognize active pulmonary tuberculosis, and recall the location of macrophages in the lymph node.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"8maOhO",label:"Recall the effect of aging on immune response to vaccines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/4p03pS",label:"Cytokines and eicosanoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"-B0DWi",label:"Recall the role of interleukin-1 in acute inflammation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D0a1RQ",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of interleukin-2 analogs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Ya36Q",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis A virus infection, and recall the role of interferon in antiviral defense.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VWaG4j",label:"Recall the role of IL-8 in inflammation, and recall its function in neutrophil recruitment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cTaapP",label:"Recognize neonatal sepsis, and recall effects of interleukin-6 on acute-phase proteins.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"USab_P",label:"Recognize allergic bronchopulmonary 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pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/rq0f-S",label:"Anaphylaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"gk0FMT",label:"Recognize anaphylactic shock, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aO0QIT",label:"Recognize anaphylaxis, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FD0gTR",label:"Recognize a type I hypersensitivity reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wKahil",label:"Recognize anaphylaxis, and choose the initial step to prevent recurrent episodes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/xH0Esh",label:"Mycobacterium avium complex infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"zu0rF3",label:"Recognize disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an AIDS patient, and choose the appropriate antimycobacterial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BfazoP",label:"Recognize disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an AIDS patient, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/BH0zsh",label:"Kaposi sarcoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q4auQk",label:"Recognize Kaposi sarcoma, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/yH0dGh",label:"Bacillary angiomatosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"5F0ii3",label:"Recognize bacillary angiomatosis in an HIV patient, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/-H0DGh",label:"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"wRah64",label:"Recognize cold agglutinin syndrome, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/Xs09th",label:"Allergic contact dermatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"qy0CTi",label:"Recognize allergic contact dermatitis, and recall the cell type involved in type IV hypersensitivity reactions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2-aT9M",label:"Choose the most appropriate management of 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treatment step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/480353",label:"Overview of viral hepatitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"nka7ok",label:"Recall the prevention of hepatitis D virus infection through hepatitis B vaccination.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"gf0Fl2/A80R63",label:"Strongyloidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"7ba4EQ",label:"Recognize Strongyloides stercoralis infection, and recall its dermatologic manifestations.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Tf06l2",label:"Skin & Subcutaneous Tissue",children:[{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/ef0xO2",label:"Tetanus",children:[{type:"question",id:"pFaLQm",label:"Recognize the need for tetanus prophylaxis in a patient with a contaminated wound and uncertain immunization status, and choose the most appropriate immunization strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Uf0bl2",label:"Gas gangrene",children:[{type:"question",id:"ecaxYj",label:"Recognize gas gangrene, and recall the mechanism of cellular damage by 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expected serum finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/MS0MZf",label:"Primary biliary cholangitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"eA0xii",label:"Recognize xanthelasma, and recall its association with hypercholesterolemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/ch0a1f",label:"Peripheral arterial disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"zvarc5",label:"Recognize wet gangrene in the context of peripheral artery disease, and choose the most appropriate surgical management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/1h021f",label:"Acute limb ischemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qp0u6S",label:"Recognize hair tourniquet syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Uh0bWf",label:"Raynaud phenomenon",children:[{type:"question",id:"4_03oi",label:"Recognize primary Raynaud phenomenon, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/gh0FWf",label:"Chronic venous disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"q5aCOO",label:"Recognize chronic venous insufficiency, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Kh0UUf",label:"Wound healing",children:[{type:"question",id:"x_0Eqi",label:"Recognize the proliferative phase of wound healing, and recall its microscopic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/ph0LUf",label:"Wound treatment",children:[{type:"question",id:"3qaSyl",label:"Recognize a noninfected, nonnecrotic stump ulcer, and choose the most appropriate management regarding prosthetic fit.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F9ag65",label:"Recognize factors affecting wound healing, and recall the impact of necrotic tissue on flap success.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Jh0sUf",label:"Burns",children:[{type:"question",id:"lP0vUT",label:"Recognize full-thickness circumferential burns, and choose the most appropriate monitoring for complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JP0sfT",label:"Recognize impaired perfusion secondary to circumferential burn, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mO0VGT",label:"Recognize superficial (1st-degree) sunburn, and choose the most appropriate symptomatic treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_n05Dg",label:"Choose the initial treatment for chemical burns.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oOa0tk",label:"Calculate the burn surface area using the rule of nines.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DIa1UN",label:"Recall the metabolic changes following severe burns, and recall the phases of postburn hypermetabolic response.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iraJSN",label:"Recognize the burn depth.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lxav95",label:"Recognize third-degree burns affecting a significant percentage of total body surface area, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/qh0CUf",label:"Skin and soft tissue infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"G30BPf",label:"Recognize Streptococcus 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severe inflammation, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xxa9E5",label:"Recognize acute paronychia with abscess, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/7h042f",label:"Actinomycosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"jh0_df",label:"Choose an alternative antibiotic for patients with a history of severe penicillin allergy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Y30nSf",label:"Pilonidal disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Kg0Uw2",label:"Recognize acute pilonidal disease, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/HR0Kof",label:"Shingles",children:[{type:"question",id:"yR0dpf",label:"Recognize shingles infection, and recall the mechanism of viral reactivation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zi0ZJf",label:"Recognize herpes zoster in an immunocompromised patient, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DB011i",label:"Recognize shingles in an immunocompromised patient, and recall the histopathologic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PA0WPi",label:"Recognize shingles (herpes zoster), and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BCaz85",label:"Recognize herpes zoster, and choose the most appropriate next step in management for high-risk patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/RQ0lDf",label:"Occupational skin diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"fGakAN",label:"Recognize irritant contact dermatitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/oj00YT",label:"Glomus tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"4B03ai",label:"Recognize a glomus tumor, and recall its cell of origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Hj0KbT",label:"Epistaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kK0mgS",label:"Recognize hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and recall its cardiac 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it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/k60mOS",label:"Adipose tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"QgauEP",label:"Recall the function of thermogenin in brown adipose tissue.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/J60sNS",label:"The somatosensory system",children:[{type:"question",id:"8JaODl",label:"Recall the function and location of Pacinian corpuscles.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/hp0c6S",label:"Aging changes",children:[{type:"question",id:"DDa1g5",label:"Recognize senile purpura as a normal aging process.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qAaCkM",label:"Recall the clinical course of senile purpura.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Tf06l2/Mq0M_S",label:"Decubitus ulcers",children:[{type:"question",id:"uGapam",label:"Recognize a stage 2 decubitus ulcer, and choose the most appropriate wound care management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BGazYm",label:"Recognize impaired microcirculation in decubitus ulcer 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patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tvaXb5",label:"Recognize adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/gQ0Fvf",label:"Biceps tendinopathy and biceps tendon rupture",children:[{type:"question",id:"ixaJw5",label:"Recognize distal biceps tendon rupture, and choose the most appropriate management for an active patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/hQ0cDf",label:"Dupuytren contracture",children:[{type:"question",id:"TN060g",label:"Recognize Dupuytren contracture, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/3Q0SDf",label:"Noninfectious tenosynovitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"xC0E8R",label:"Recognize De Quervain tenosynovitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/QQ0uDf",label:"Thoracic outlet syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"3raSSN",label:"Recognize a cervical rib causing thoracic outlet 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architecture.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/vQ0ABf",label:"Insertional tendinopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"XG09Bh",label:"Recognize lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) due to repeated wrist extension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wlah_k",label:"Recognize lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) due to repeated wrist extension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IvaYY5",label:"Recognize iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/aj0Q_f",label:"Preoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"N7a-NN",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical site infection prevention in orthopedic surgeries.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"qNaCXO",label:"Recall ischemia-induced changes in cellular ion exchange.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/_P05hT",label:"Penetrating 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fasciitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"pu0LH3",label:"Recognize plantar fasciitis as a cause of heel pain.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/EG08a3",label:"Vitamin D deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"H4aKkk",label:"Recognize vitamin D deficiency, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/Pt0Wd3",label:"Diabetic foot",children:[{type:"question",id:"UC0brR",label:"Recognize diabetic arthropathy (Charcot foot).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AFaRkm",label:"Recognize diabetic neuropathic arthropathy, and choose the most effective measure to prevent this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/5t0iV3",label:"Tarsal tunnel syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"KvaUa5",label:"Recognize tarsal tunnel syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/eF0xS3",label:"Bursitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"wm0h3g",label:"Recognize prepatellar bursitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fhakW4",label:"Recognize prepatellar bursitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nla7xk",label:"Recognize prepatellar bursitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7va4Y5",label:"Recognize prepatellar bursitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/UF0bh3",label:"Popliteal (Baker) cyst",children:[{type:"question",id:"hu0cI3",label:"Recognize a Baker cyst, and recall its predisposing factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jua_Im",label:"Recognize a popliteal cyst in a child, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/2F0Th3",label:"Stress fractures",children:[{type:"question",id:"vm0Ahg",label:"Recognize a stress fracture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fKakfl",label:"Recognize a metatarsal stress fracture, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ra3hN",label:"Recognize a stress fracture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H8aKLm",label:"Recognize calcaneal stress fracture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HvaKY5",label:"Recognize a stress fracture, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"ff0kl2/BF0z43",label:"Jaw disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"B80zK3",label:"Recognize temporomandibular joint dysfunction.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/jf0_N2",label:"Male and Transgender Reproductive System",children:[{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/ff0kl2",label:"Chlamydia infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"OT0II2",label:"Recognize lymphogranuloma venereum, and recall its causal pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/zh0rgf",label:"Inguinal hernia",children:[{type:"question",id:"HWaK5j",label:"Recognize indirect inguinal hernia due to processus vaginalis patency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Mi0MHf",label:"Abnormalities of the male urethra and webbed penis",children:[{type:"question",id:"q-0Cyi",label:"Recognize epispadias and bladder exstrophy, and recall their embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3yaSUM",label:"Recognize standard hypospadias, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/ni07Hf",label:"Scrotal abnormalities",children:[{type:"question",id:"B40zlT",label:"Recognize scrotal varicocele associated with infertility, and choose the most appropriate intervention to improve fertility.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Up0bKS",label:"Recognize undescended testes, and choose the most appropriate surgical management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2p0TKS",label:"Recognize congenital communicating hydrocele, and choose the most appropriate management for an asymptomatic infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lp0vpS",label:"Recognize varicocele, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q70ulh",label:"Recognize a primary hydrocele.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n-07Bi",label:"Recognize a patent processus vaginalis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UZabaQ",label:"Recognize a hydrocele due to fluid imbalance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dqaoxl",label:"Recognize a right-sided varicocele, and recall its venous drainage pathway.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Li0wHf",label:"Testicular torsion",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ag0RB2",label:"Recognize testicular torsion, and choose immediate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fk0kMT",label:"Recognize the potential for testicular torsion in a patient with acute testicular pain, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UpabKl",label:"Recognize testicular torsion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8FaOPm",label:"Recognize testicular torsion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/oi00sf",label:"Disorders of the glans penis and foreskin",children:[{type:"question",id:"UDabd5",label:"Recognize fungal balanoposthitis, and choose the most appropriate antifungal therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jDa_V5",label:"Recognize physiologic phimosis in a child, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/pi0Lsf",label:"Benign prostatic hyperplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"gD0FdR",label:"Recognize benign prostatic hyperplasia, and choose the initial diagnostic step for lower urinary tract symptoms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E0a83Q",label:"Recognize the therapeutic use of finasteride, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pOaLtk",label:"Recognize benign prostatic hyperplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o5a0OO",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of 5α-reductase inhibitors, and recall their therapeutic uses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Ji0ssf",label:"Prostate cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"5m0iTg",label:"Recognize the suspicion for prostate cancer, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qM0Cpg",label:"Recognize osteoblastic vertebral metastases, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely underlying primary cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JE0s93",label:"Recognize new lower back pain secondary to vertebral body metastasis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HcaKdj",label:"Recognize osteoblastic vertebral metastases, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely underlying primary cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3SaSzP",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for metastatic prostate cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fxagy5",label:"Recall the adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Ii0YGf",label:"Testicular tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"840OOT",label:"Recognize a testicular tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Im0YSg",label:"Choose the standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced nonseminomatous germ cell tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y50nig",label:"Recognize a seminoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9p0N7S",label:"Recognize a Leydig cell tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"670j5h",label:"Recognize a non-germ cell tumor of the testis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SB0yZi",label:"Recognize features suggestive of testicular cancer, and choose the most appropriate initial surgical management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tz0Xui",label:"Recognize teratoma in a patient with a history of cryptorchidism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c-0awi",label:"Recall the lymphatic drainage of the testes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wpah7l",label:"Recognize a seminoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/ri0fGf",label:"Carcinoma of the penis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ak0RqT",label:"Recognize squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"14a2Rk",label:"Recognize carcinoma of the penis, and recall its association with specific pathogens.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/ti0Xtf",label:"Prostatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"lQ0vwf",label:"Recognize acute bacterial prostatitis, and choose the initial diagnostic test to guide antimicrobial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gu0Fq3",label:"Recognize chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yRadp4",label:"Recognize acute bacterial prostatitis, and recall the characteristic urine culture findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k8am5m",label:"Recognize acute bacterial prostatitis, and choose the most appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Fi0gtf",label:"Epididymitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"yi0d8f",label:"Recognize Chlamydia trachomatis infection as a cause of epididymitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UQ0bvf",label:"Recognize epididymitis, and recall the diagnostic finding for its most common causative agents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X4a93k",label:"Recognize epididymitis in a young man, and recall its common pathogens.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/ui0ptf",label:"Urethritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"mQ0V9f",label:"Recognize nongonococcal urethritis, and recall its most common cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/9i0NFf",label:"Genitourinary trauma",children:[{type:"question",id:"2ZaTaQ",label:"Recall the most commonly injured structure in a straddle injury to the male perineum.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/xi0EFf",label:"Priapism",children:[{type:"question",id:"E808o3",label:"Recognize trazodone-induced priapism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jca_Xj",label:"Recognize priapism due to trazodone, and recall anatomy of the penis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rHaf7N",label:"Recognize low-flow priapism, and choose the most appropriate initial management step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Bi0zFf",label:"Penile fracture",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rv0l-3",label:"Recognize penile fracture with suspected urethral injury, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y7an4N",label:"Recognize Peyronie disease, and recall the affected penile structure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AEaRym",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for Peyronie disease with significant curvature.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/H40KkT",label:"Mumps",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ei08tf",label:"Recognize mumps infection, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"7-04Ai",label:"Recognize primary syphilis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/8N0O1g",label:"Sympatholytic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"JXas_Q",label:"Recall the indications and pharmacodynamic effects of alpha-blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qMaCpO",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia with concurrent hypertension.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/AN0Rdg",label:"Antipsychotics",children:[{type:"question",id:"wy0hhi",label:"Recall the adverse effects of risperidone therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/_N05dg",label:"Antidepressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Sa3-P",label:"Recognize trazodone as a cause of priapism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/em0xeg",label:"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"lcavcj",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of PDE-5 inhibitors, and recall the anatomy involved in penile erection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"MQ0M9f",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for patients taking tetracyclines.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/650jOg",label:"Chancroid",children:[{type:"question",id:"_305Of",label:"Recognize chancroid, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BrazjN",label:"Recognize chancroid, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/RM0log",label:"Infertility",children:[{type:"question",id:"j70_lh",label:"Recognize anabolic steroid use as a cause of infertility.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kaamkQ",label:"Recall the role of Sertoli cells in maintaining the blood-testis barrier.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DXa1Zj",label:"Recognize anabolic steroid use as a cause of infertility.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/PM0WKg",label:"Puberty",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lqaw_l",label:"Recognize normal pubertal development, and choose the appropriate reassurance for age-related physical changes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/IM0YJg",label:"Sexually transmitted infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"-30DOf",label:"Recognize granuloma inguinale, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Np0-pS",label:"Recognize Treponema pallidum as the cause of syphilis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N-0-xi",label:"Recognize lymphogranuloma venereum, and recall its causal pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/mL0Vyg",label:"Herpes simplex virus infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"g7aFON",label:"Recognize genital herpes infection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/Wo0PaS",label:"Differences (disorders) of sex development",children:[{type:"question",id:"YI0nYh",label:"Recognize Kallmann syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_1a5jj",label:"Recognize Klinefelter syndrome, and recall its associated cancer risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rgaf9P",label:"Recognize Kallmann syndrome, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pPaLfk",label:"Recognize ovotesticular disorder, and recall its association with gynecomastia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S5ayjO",label:"Recognize the clinical features of Klinefelter syndrome, and recall the associated karyotype.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/to0XdS",label:"Gender- and sexuality-related disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"j-0_Ci",label:"Recognize psychogenic erectile dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oda0Ij",label:"Recognize decreased testosterone levels due to antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rtafUm",label:"Recognize the indicators of psychogenic erectile dysfunction, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ta4Um",label:"Choose the first-line treatment for organic erectile dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZDaZ15",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for premature ejaculation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/uo0pdS",label:"Basics of embryology",children:[{type:"question",id:"3_0SLi",label:"Recognize patent foramen ovale, and recall the embryologic process of tissue fusion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/yK0dQS",label:"Development of the reproductive system",children:[{type:"question",id:"k-0mxi",label:"Recall the role of Sertoli cells in embryologic development of male reproductive structures.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/l60vOS",label:"Male reproductive organs",children:[{type:"question",id:"s-0tAi",label:"Recognize the effects of cryptorchidism on fertility, and recall the associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V1aGfj",label:"Recall Leydig cell function and feedback loops in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9QaNy4",label:"Recall the potential complications of radical prostatectomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rpafIl",label:"Recall the arterial supply of the spermatic cord, and recall the origin of the testicular artery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"jf0_N2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"DSa1b4",label:"Choose the condition to counsel a patient on post-vasectomy to prevent complications.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/3f0SN2",label:"Female and Transgender Reproductive System & Breast",children:[{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/ff0kl2",label:"Chlamydia infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"_i058f",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XQ09uf",label:"Choose the most appropriate screening test for sexually active women under 25 years of age.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WZaP0Q",label:"Recognize chlamydial infection, and recall its unique staining characteristics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/cT0ap2",label:"Osteoporosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"_ka5qk",label:"Recall the adverse effects of raloxifene.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/V30Ghf",label:"Cholelithiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"30aSfQ",label:"Recognize cholelithiasis in pregnancy, and recall its pathogenesis related to cholesterol metabolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/ui0ptf",label:"Urethritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rqalyl",label:"Recognize gonorrhea by identifying gram-negative, intracellular diplococci on Gram stain.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"6UajVP",label:"Recognize breast fat necrosis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/MP0M2T",label:"Somatic symptom and related disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"gI0FXh",label:"Recognize pseudocyesis (false pregnancy).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Hk0K6T",label:"Gonorrhea",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hr0Kih",label:"Recognize gonorrhea, and recall its characteristic Gram stain findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ti06If",label:"Recognize secondary syphilis, and choose the confirmatory test following a positive nontreponemal test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ui0ptf",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for syphilis in a pregnant patient with penicillin allergy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eDaxW5",label:"Recognize a chancre, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for syphilis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/uk0ppT",label:"Female sex hormones",children:[{type:"question",id:"fO0k7T",label:"Recognize the treatment with tamoxifen, and recall its associated risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"z1arjj",label:"Recognize the adverse effects of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dfa1oP",label:"Recognize the effects of tamoxifen therapy, and recall its associated risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j4a_Qk",label:"Recognize hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, and recall the effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Ek08pT",label:"The menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle abnormalities",children:[{type:"question",id:"SJ0ytS",label:"Recognize mittelschmerz, and choose the most appropriate symptomatic treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NJ0-8S",label:"Recognize delayed puberty with primary amenorrhea, and choose the initial laboratory evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tJ0XDS",label:"Recognize primary dysmenorrhea, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BJ0zwS",label:"Recognize inadequate gonadotropin production as a cause of menorrhagia in adolescents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bq0HCS",label:"Recognize primary dysmenorrhea due to prostaglandin-mediated uterine contractions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tq06BS",label:"Recognize premature ovarian failure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mq0V_S",label:"Recognize functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in athletes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nq07_S",label:"Recognize premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vq0AZh",label:"Recognize premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BI0zUh",label:"Recognize secondary amenorrhea with normal hypothalamic-pituitary hormone levels, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mr0V3h",label:"Recognize functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and choose the appropriate next step in management for fertility.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X7094h",label:"Recognize anovulation as a cause of oligomenorrhea in adolescents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cH0a6h",label:"Recognize primary ovarian insufficiency, and recall the expected hormonal findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5ZaiXQ",label:"Recall the role of aromatase in the menstrual cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YZanZQ",label:"Recognize cell apoptosis, and recall cellular and hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dua1tm",label:"Recognize functional hypothalamic amenorrhea due to decreased pulsatile release of GnRH.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/vk0ApT",label:"Anomalies of the female genital tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"2K0TfS",label:"Recognize imperforate hymen causing hematocolpos, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4603OS",label:"Recognize Mullerian duct agenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pr0LRh",label:"Recognize Asherman syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MZaMXQ",label:"Recognize imperforate hymen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HZaK1Q",label:"Recognize agenesis of the paramesonephric duct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YvanAm",label:"Recognize labial fusion, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/_k05qT",label:"Breast cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"U50bjg",label:"Recognize gestational breast cancer, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F50gNg",label:"Recognize localized breast cancer, and choose the most appropriate initial surgical management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"950Nmg",label:"Recognize early-stage invasive breast cancer, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tq0XZh",label:"Recall the most important prognostic factor in breast cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fq0gZh",label:"Recognize Paget disease of the breast.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zq0rah",label:"Recognize HER2-receptor-positive breast carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate initial evaluation before pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_I052h",label:"Recognize lymphangiosarcoma associated with chronic lymphedema.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oy00Ti",label:"Recognize lymphatic obstruction in inflammatory breast cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Va5Cj",label:"Recognize invasive ductal carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k4amjk",label:"Recall the genetic markers associated with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mtaVVm",label:"Recognize inflammatory breast cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UEabEm",label:"Recognize Paget disease of the breast, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hEacvm",label:"Recognize inflammatory breast cancer, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mEaVwm",label:"Recognize axillary lymphadenopathy concerning for breast cancer, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kCamH5",label:"Recognize ductal carcinoma in situ based on mammography findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/zk0rqT",label:"Uterine leiomyoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"pq0LzS",label:"Choose the most appropriate preoperative therapy for patients with leiomyomata.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_q05ah",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of uterine leiomyomas, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aI0QYh",label:"Recognize uterine fibroids as a cause of abnormal uterine bleeding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sr0tih",label:"Recognize a uterine leiomyoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TZa6aQ",label:"Recognize uterine leiomyoma (fibroids).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jEa_vm",label:"Recognize an asymptomatic uterine leiomyoma, and choose the most appropriate follow-up strategy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uvabzm",label:"Recognize submucosal uterine leiomyoma, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2vaTzm",label:"Recognize uterine leiomyosarcoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/-k0DqT",label:"Endometriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Iq0Y-S",label:"Recognize endometriosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0I0eYh",label:"Recognize adenomyosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RI0lch",label:"Recognize endometriosis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iI0Jch",label:"Recognize endometriosis, and choose the initial pharmacological management for pelvic pain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RbaltQ",label:"Recognize adenomyosis as a cause of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FTagsP",label:"Recognize endometriosis as a cause of infertility and cyclical pelvic pain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IgaY9P",label:"Recognize endometriosis, and recall its diagnostic laparoscopic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/ZO0ZIT",label:"Invasive cervical cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"nZa7XQ",label:"Recall the risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hcacXj",label:"Recognize in-situ cervical cancer, and recall its tissue of origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GqaB-l",label:"Recognize CIN II as a precursor to cervical cancer, and recall the complications of untreated cervical cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OraIhN",label:"Recognize invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/0O0eIT",label:"Endometrial cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"MEaMwm",label:"Recognize endometrial cancer, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/aO0QIT",label:"Ovarian cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"cN0aZg",label:"Recognize the symptoms of advanced ovarian cancer, and recall the diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ba2sQ",label:"Recognize the presentation of an ovarian tumor, and recall the associated tumor marker.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bVaHGj",label:"Recognize Krukenberg tumor, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely primary cancer site.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"67aj5N",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in assessing ovarian cancer risk.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dtaocm",label:"Recognize pregnancy-associated luteomas.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zuarFm",label:"Recognize the high probability of ovarian cancer, and choose the most appropriate definitive diagnostic procedure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/bO0HIT",label:"Vulvar and vaginal cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"eI0xbh",label:"Recognize clear cell adenocarcinoma, and recall its association with diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TI06Xh",label:"Recognize squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-r0DPh",label:"Recognize the possibility of vaginal cancer in a postmenopausal woman with vaginal bleeding, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LEawwm",label:"Recognize squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/dO0orT",label:"Pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"D601MS",label:"Recognize the signs of possible pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SI0yXh",label:"Recognize a positive pregnancy test with uncertain viability or location, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8naOEO",label:"Recognize signs of pregnancy in an adolescent with primary amenorrhea, and choose the most appropriate serum assay.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/UO0b7T",label:"Antepartum hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"lI0v1h",label:"Recognize the risks associated with maternal hypertension, and recall its complications during pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dr01jh",label:"Recognize cervical trauma as a cause of antepartum bleeding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2baTGQ",label:"Recognize preeclampsia, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/2O0T7T",label:"Gestational trophoblastic disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"M0aMgQ",label:"Recognize choriocarcinoma, and recall its histopathologic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/fO0k7T",label:"Ectopic pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"uZapWQ",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy, and recall the expected findings on further evaluation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/3O0SHT",label:"Normal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"3r0SSh",label:"Recognize intermittent variable decelerations in fetal heart rate tracing, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/BO0zuT",label:"Menopause",children:[{type:"question",id:"ng07D2",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c70akh",label:"Recognize the symptoms that could indicate hyperthyroidism, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e1axfj",label:"Recognize the signs and symptoms of menopause, and recall the hormonal changes associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9KaNil",label:"Recognize genitourinary syndrome of menopause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xraEjN",label:"Recognize genitourinary syndrome of menopause, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xFaE4m",label:"Recognize how hormonal contraception affects the diagnosis of menopause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bxaHE5",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for vasomotor symptoms due to menopause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/AO0RET",label:"Polycystic ovary syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"RJ0lFS",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for a patient not wishing to conceive.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hq0cyS",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wq0h0h",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8r0OQh",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and choose the appropriate screening for associated conditions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C_0qqi",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FZagWQ",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome, and recall the indications and mechanism of action of clomiphene.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EQa8B4",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome, and recall its diagnostic ultrasound findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xra9fN",label:"Recognize polycystic ovarian syndrome, and recall factors affecting sex hormone-binding globulin levels.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/zO0rET",label:"Human papillomavirus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mg0MD2",label:"Recognize condylomata acuminata, and recall its causal pathogen.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aJ0QsS",label:"Recognize genital warts due to HPV infection, and choose the most effective prevention strategy for this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fI0kXh",label:"Recognize condylomata acuminata, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fZakaQ",label:"Recognize koilocytes on a Pap smear, and recall their association with HPV infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L0awgQ",label:"Recall the role of E2F in cell cycle regulation, and recall the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma-in-situ.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GGaB0m",label:"Recognize condylomata acuminata.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Xl09vT",label:"Abnormal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"wr0hjh",label:"Recognize cephalopelvic disproportion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/SN0y0g",label:"Diagnostic procedures in gynecology",children:[{type:"question",id:"rq0f-S",label:"Recognize physiologic leukorrhea.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/RN0lag",label:"Prenatal care",children:[{type:"question",id:"FI0geh",label:"Recognize a reassuring nonstress test, and choose the most appropriate management for decreased fetal movements.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"v6aA5l",label:"Recognize anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, and recall its association with left heart failure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/zm0rRg",label:"Immunization schedule",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zr0Zfh",label:"Choose the most appropriate vaccination for a sexually active young adult woman.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/650jOg",label:"Chancroid",children:[{type:"question",id:"Kr0URh",label:"Recognize chancroid.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/RM0log",label:"Infertility",children:[{type:"question",id:"nI07Wh",label:"Recognize unexplained infertility, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tI0Xeh",label:"Recognize diminished ovarian reserve as a cause of infertility.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fMakLO",label:"Recall the pharmacotherapy used to induce ovulation in infertility treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"muaV7m",label:"Recognize the criteria for infertility evaluation based on age and duration of unprotected intercourse, and choose the most appropriate management for a couple trying to conceive.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8uaOGm",label:"Recognize ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/PM0WKg",label:"Puberty",children:[{type:"question",id:"rp0fIS",label:"Recognize physiological development during puberty.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cp0q7S",label:"Recognize obesity-related hyperandrogenemia as a cause of isolated premature adrenarche and pubarche.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bp0z7S",label:"Recognize central precocious puberty, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jJ0_FS",label:"Recognize juvenile granulosa cell tumor as a cause of peripheral precocious puberty.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xIaEUN",label:"Recognize Tanner stage 2 sexual development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x7aELN",label:"Recall the normal range and sequence for the onset of puberty.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/mM0V6g",label:"Postpartum hemorrhage",children:[{type:"question",id:"qI0Cdh",label:"Choose the next step in management for postpartum hemorrhage with a soft, boggy uterus after oxytocin administration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/nM076g",label:"Pelvic organ prolapse",children:[{type:"question",id:"d70okh",label:"Recognize enterocele as a cause of posterior vaginal wall protrusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cA0aii",label:"Recognize rectocele, and recall its anatomical cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FlagAk",label:"Recognize uterine prolapse, and recall the role of the uterosacral ligament.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dpaool",label:"Recognize a cystocele.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H7aKMN",label:"Recognize urethral diverticulum.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jtasem",label:"Recognize multiparity as a risk factor for uterine prolapse.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qtaCem",label:"Recognize uterine prolapse, and choose the most appropriate initial management step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/IM0YJg",label:"Sexually transmitted infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"rFafjm",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for sexually active women under 25 years of age.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qxauw5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for the sexual partner of a patient with gonorrhea.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/mL0Vyg",label:"Herpes simplex virus infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"ei0xqf",label:"Recognize genital herpes, and choose the most appropriate antiviral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ua5Fm",label:"Recognize genital herpes presentation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/6L0jAg",label:"Bartholin gland cyst and abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"3q0SyS",label:"Recognize a Bartholin gland abscess, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9q0N0h",label:"Recognize an obstructed Bartholin duct orifice.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wWahnj",label:"Recognize a Bartholin cyst, and recall its anatomical origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G3aBP4",label:"Recognize a Bartholin gland cyst, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/pL0LAg",label:"Pelvic inflammatory disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"NT0-I2",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for pelvic inflammatory disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qT0C72",label:"Recognize pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Hi0KGf",label:"Recognize tubal scarring as a cause of infertility.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8ZaOWQ",label:"Recognize pelvic inflammatory disease, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fYakoQ",label:"Recognize loss of ciliary action due to PID as a cause of infertility.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ota0em",label:"Recognize a tuboovarian abscess.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/JL0sAg",label:"Vulvovaginitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"IT0YH2",label:"Recognize trichomoniasis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lg0vv2",label:"Recognize bacterial vaginosis, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A30ROf",label:"Recognize bacterial vaginosis, and choose the appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"z30rOf",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for vulvovaginal candidiasis during pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0q0eCS",label:"Recognize vulvovaginitis due to a vaginal foreign body in a toddler, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"or00Rh",label:"Recognize Candida infection, and recall the risk factors for its overgrowth.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LaawOQ",label:"Recognize bacterial vaginosis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oaa0lQ",label:"Recognize trichomoniasis, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8YaOIQ",label:"Recognize Candida vulvovaginitis, and recall the effects of antibiotics on vaginal flora.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WjaPz4",label:"Recognize bacterial vaginosis and its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/AL0RZS",label:"Nipple discharge",children:[{type:"question",id:"8g0OC2",label:"Recognize normoprolactinemic galactorrhea, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P80W53",label:"Recognize unilateral nonmilky nipple discharge in a woman under 30, and choose the most appropriate initial imaging study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Wo0PaS",label:"Differences (disorders) of sex development",children:[{type:"question",id:"Bo0zVS",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its associated gonadal dysgenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cK0a2S",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its risk of bone complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S60y4S",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome-associated lymphedema.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dp017S",label:"Recognize aromatase deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E_08Ji",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its association with ovarian dysgenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iaaJ4Q",label:"Recognize androgen insensitivity syndrome with a 46,XY karyotype.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kbamFQ",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qeaC-j",label:"Recognize 5-α reductase deficiency and its effects on sexual development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZOaZIk",label:"Recognize aromatase deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AGaRbm",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for associated cardiac anomalies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ftak1m",label:"Recognize 5α-reductase deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Vo0GaS",label:"Granuloma inguinale",children:[{type:"question",id:"yradPN",label:"Recognize granuloma inguinale (donovanosis).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/go0FYS",label:"Ovarian cysts",children:[{type:"question",id:"9O0NuT",label:"Recognize a ruptured ovarian cyst with hemodynamic instability, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lq0vAS",label:"Recognize a benign ovarian cyst, and choose the most appropriate management for follow-up.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LXawAQ",label:"Recognize a ruptured ovarian cyst, and recall the anatomy of the rectouterine pouch.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AqaRaN",label:"Recognize a follicular cyst.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bvaHAm",label:"Recognize a ruptured ovarian cyst, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Ko0U1S",label:"DNA replication and repair",children:[{type:"question",id:"iZaJYQ",label:"Recall the function of BRCA genes in DNA repair.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/to0XdS",label:"Gender- and sexuality-related disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"2I0TXh",label:"Recognize genito-pelvic pain disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1r02Th",label:"Recognize genito-pelvic pain disorder, and choose the best initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0vaeAm",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for postpartum dyspareunia due to vaginal dryness in breastfeeding individuals.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"dgao8P",label:"Recognize a retroumbilical cyst, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Do01VS",label:"The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac",children:[{type:"question",id:"K0aUSQ",label:"Recall the hormonal regulation of lactogenesis postpartum.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/yK0dQS",label:"Development of the reproductive system",children:[{type:"question",id:"i-0JCi",label:"Recall the mechanisms of antenatal sexual differentiation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WWaP4j",label:"Recognize Mayer-Rokitansky-K\xfcster-Hauser syndrome, and recall the embryologic origin of the female genital tract.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/O60IOS",label:"Female reproductive organs",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q-0uCi",label:"Recognize the primary lymphatic drainage sites for vulvar cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SZayaQ",label:"Recall the anatomical location of the uterine artery during a hysterectomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Za5VQ",label:"Recall the locations of simple cuboidal epithelium in the female reproductive system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eea80P",label:"Recognize ovarian torsion, and recall the anatomy of the infundibulopelvic ligament.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2PaTVk",label:"Choose the structure most at risk of injury during blunt dissection of the infundibulopelvic ligament.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/960NMS",label:"Lymphatic system",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZUaZbP",label:"Recall the lymphatic drainage of the cervix.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/UJ0btS",label:"Benign and premalignant lesions of the endometrium",children:[{type:"question",id:"8q0OZh",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for postmenopausal endometrial hyperplasia without atypia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F3ag44",label:"Recognize an endometrial polyp, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/_q05ah",label:"Maternal complications during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"7r04ih",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in the management of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/j70_lh",label:"Lichen sclerosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Oq0IAS",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for lichen sclerosus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fvakzm",label:"Recognize anogenital lichen sclerosus, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacological treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/u70pnh",label:"Sexuality and sexual medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"aBaQz5",label:"Choose the most appropriate preventive health measure for sexually active adolescents.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/7H047h",label:"Palpable breast mass",children:[{type:"question",id:"hO0cHT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for a palpable breast lump with suspicious imaging findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c50aQg",label:"Recognize a palpable breast mass concerning for breast cancer in a woman ≥40 years old, and choose the initial imaging modality for evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o9a0o5",label:"Recognize a palpable breast mass in a woman under 30 years of age, and choose the most appropriate imaging modality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gxaFD5",label:"Recognize a palpable breast mass with inconclusive mammography, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/vH0AHh",label:"Fistulas",children:[{type:"question",id:"evax_m",label:"Recognize vesicovaginal fistula, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Rs0luh",label:"Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"VvaG_m",label:"Recognize the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes, and choose the appropriate postpartum screening test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/jG0__h",label:"Induced abortion",children:[{type:"question",id:"QZauYQ",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of mifepristone.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/JG0sZ3",label:"Breast cysts",children:[{type:"question",id:"M50Mkg",label:"Recognize a simple breast cyst, and choose the most appropriate management for a concerned patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/qG0CZ3",label:"Mastalgia",children:[{type:"question",id:"-EaDym",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for cyclical mastalgia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KCaUG5",label:"Recognize noncyclical mastalgia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic imaging.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/yG0db3",label:"Ovarian torsion",children:[{type:"question",id:"4q03AS",label:"Recognize ovarian torsion, and recall its diagnostic imaging finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WuaPJm",label:"Recognize ovarian torsion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/ft0k13",label:"Mastitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"fq0kBS",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for postpartum mastitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Tt0613",label:"Breast abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"5vai05",label:"Recognize a breast abscess with skin necrosis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/gt0F13",label:"Fat necrosis of the breast",children:[{type:"question",id:"gq0FBS",label:"Recognize fat necrosis of the breast, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/ht0cW3",label:"Fibroadenoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xk09mT",label:"Recognize fibroadenoma in a young woman.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2YaToQ",label:"Recognize fibroadenoma in a young pregnant woman.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OwaIQ5",label:"Recognize fibroadenoma, and choose the most appropriate follow-up strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/3t0SW3",label:"Phyllodes tumor",children:[{type:"question",id:"lO0vsT",label:"Recognize a phyllodes tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Za20Q",label:"Recognize a phyllodes tumor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Rt0lW3",label:"Intraductal papilloma",children:[{type:"question",id:"H40KkT",label:"Recognize intraductal papilloma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qmau2O",label:"Recognize intraductal papilloma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/Qt0uW3",label:"Galactocele",children:[{type:"question",id:"0Eae8m",label:"Recognize a galactocele.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"lJ0v8S",label:"Recognize the need for emergency contraception, and choose the most effective method for preventing pregnancy post-unprotected intercourse.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Aq0Rah",label:"Recall contraindications for combined oral contraceptive pills.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NI0-1h",label:"Recognize the cardiovascular risks associated with estrogen-containing oral contraceptives.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2r0Tgh",label:"Recognize the likely causes of weight gain in the context of lifestyle changes, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"070e4h",label:"Choose the most appropriate emergency contraception for a patient considering pregnancy in the near future.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RZalYQ",label:"Recall the primary mechanism of action of combined oral contraceptives in preventing pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IWaY5j",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for idiopathic hirsutism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_6a5nl",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of copper intrauterine devices.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vtaA2m",label:"Choose the most appropriate contraceptive method for a patient with a history of thromboembolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xuaEtm",label:"Recall the effect of progesterone on basal body temperature during the menstrual cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Da4f5",label:"Choose the most appropriate contraception method for individuals with a recent history of breast cancer.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/XF09g3",label:"Overview of ovarian tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"rI0fVh",label:"Recognize a virilizing ovarian tumor, and recall its hormonal findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hZacYQ",label:"Recognize granulosa cell tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tZaXWQ",label:"Recognize granulosa cell tumors, and recall the hormone typically elevated.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S1ayTj",label:"Recognize ovarian fibroma associated with Meigs syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n1a7hj",label:"Recognize struma ovarii, and recall its associated cell type.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MgaMDP",label:"Recognize a testosterone-producing ovarian tumor, and recall the homologous male cell type.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PlaWCk",label:"Recognize features suggestive of ovarian cancer, and recall its histological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HKaK3l",label:"Recognize a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XEa98m",label:"Recognize a dermoid cyst.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/sF0tj3",label:"Cervicitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"t30X4f",label:"Recognize bacterial cervicitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ai0R8f",label:"Recognize cervicitis in a pregnant woman, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OI0I1h",label:"Recognize chlamydia infection as a cause of cervicitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/580iM3",label:"Adult health maintenance",children:[{type:"question",id:"3I0Sch",label:"Recognize the appropriate health maintenance recommendations based on patient history and screening guidelines, and choose the correct follow-up action.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qDaC25",label:"Choose the most appropriate cancer screening for a 54-year-old woman.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/G80BL3",label:"Abnormal uterine bleeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"_J059S",label:"Recognize acute abnormal uterine bleeding due to anovulation, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pq0WAS",label:"Recognize abnormal uterine bleeding with risk factors for endometrial cancer, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RE0lv3",label:"Recognize anovulation as a cause of irregular menstrual bleeding in adolescents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Za41Q",label:"Recognize anovulatory cycles in adolescents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NEa-Dm",label:"Recognize heavy menstrual bleeding, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"3f0SN2/880Oo3",label:"Cervical cancer screening",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hq0K-S",label:"Recognize atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance on Pap smear, and choose the most appropriate follow-up test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QI0uch",label:"Choose the appropriate cancer screening tests and intervals for a woman based on age and risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rr0lSh",label:"Recognize high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate surveillance method.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p70L5h",label:"Recognize high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion with positive HPV testing, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CH0qsh",label:"Recognize atypical glandular cells on a Pap smear, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"euaxJm",label:"Choose the 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associated histological finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/jS0_z2",label:"Jaundice and cholestasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"6J0jES",label:"Recognize a biliary cyst.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zParhk",label:"Recognize conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and recall its association with hepatic bile excretion defects.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/PS0W-2",label:"Cirrhosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xw09hR",label:"Recognize the clinical features of cirrhosis, and recall the pathophysiology of hyperestrogenism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1w023R",label:"Recognize chronic viral hepatitis as a cause of cirrhosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ww0P3R",label:"Recognize compensated cirrhosis, and choose the most appropriate surveillance method for hepatocellular carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kA0mPi",label:"Recognize palmar erythema and spider angiomas, and recall their association with cirrhosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4da3Jj",label:"Recognize alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and choose the most appropriate tumor marker for monitoring.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Sa2AP",label:"Recognize alcoholic cirrhosis, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0waeh5",label:"Recognize complications of liver cirrhosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/kS0m-2",label:"Hepatitis A",children:[{type:"question",id:"QT0uq2",label:"Recognize acute viral hepatitis, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely causative agent.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B30zkf",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis A infection in a patient, and choose the appropriate health maintenance for the patient's child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8gaOCP",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis A infection, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dga1xP",label:"Recall the serologic markers indicative of active hepatitis A infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/OS0I-2",label:"Hepatitis B",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qi0urf",label:"Recognize active chronic hepatitis B infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dQ0oEf",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis B infection, and recall its serological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fQ0kvf",label:"Choose the most appropriate antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HN0Kcg",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis B infection, and choose the most appropriate management step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FbagvQ",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis B infection, and recall the typical outcome in adults.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aSaQyP",label:"Recognize hepatitis B virus infection, and recall its unique replication process involving reverse transcription.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VSaGAP",label:"Recognize serum sickness-like reaction, and recall its association with Hepatitis B virus infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZiaZJ4",label:"Recognize active chronic hepatitis B infection, and recall its serological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KiaUs4",label:"Recognize chronic hepatitis B infection, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mQaV94",label:"Recognize inactive chronic hepatitis B, and recall its serological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nQa794",label:"Recognize hepatocellular carcinoma, and recall its pathogenesis in chronic hepatitis B infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0jae_4",label:"Recognize acute viral hepatitis B in the window period, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"F4agOk",label:"Recognize vertical transmission of hepatitis B, and recall the expected transaminase levels in the infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y4adNk",label:"Recognize resolved acute hepatitis B infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tka6Mk",label:"Recognize features of acute viral hepatitis, and recall the relationship between hepatitis B and D viruses.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FBagcM",label:"Recognize chronic hepatitis B infection, and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/lS0v-2",label:"Hepatitis C",children:[{type:"question",id:"Dg01x2",label:"Recognize chronic hepatitis C infection, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ai0QJf",label:"Choose the appropriate treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection based on viral genotype.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xgaExP",label:"Recognize porphyria cutanea tarda, and recall the transmission of hepatitis C virus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fkakMk",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis C infection, and recall its progression to chronic hepatitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eka8pk",label:"Recognize chronic hepatitis C, and recall the characteristics of viral RNA polymerase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5saivN",label:"Choose the most appropriate condition for routine health screening in adults.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/5S0iZf",label:"Alcoholic liver disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"HdaKrj",label:"Recognize steatohepatitis, and recall the biochemical effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the liver.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/MS0MZf",label:"Primary biliary cholangitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"dh0o1f",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for primary biliary cholangitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Hs0Kwh",label:"Recognize primary biliary cholangitis, and recall its associated autoantibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"us0p9h",label:"Recognize cutaneous xanthomas in primary biliary cholangitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ds01Ch",label:"Recognize primary biliary cholangitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study to evaluate for complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0SaeyP",label:"Recognize primary biliary cholangitis, and recall its histological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cSaaAP",label:"Recognize primary biliary cholangitis, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/nS07Zf",label:"Primary sclerosing cholangitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"hh0cdf",label:"Recognize primary sclerosing cholangitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AfaRKP",label:"Recognize primary sclerosing cholangitis, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mGaV-N",label:"Recognize primary sclerosing cholangitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/LS0wZf",label:"Portal hypertension",children:[{type:"question",id:"JN0sXg",label:"Recall indications for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sWat5j",label:"Recognize liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, and recall the anatomy of portosystemic anastomoses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/KS0U0f",label:"Ascites",children:[{type:"question",id:"pk0LKT",label:"Recognize intraabdominal lymphoma as a cause of chylous ascites.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3w0SiR",label:"Recognize spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ow0IQR",label:"Recognize refractory ascites due to cirrhosis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XxY9Er",label:"Distinguish Budd-Chiari syndrome from other causes of ascites.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/6S0j0f",label:"Hepatocellular carcinoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"8s0O9h",label:"Recognize hepatocellular carcinoma, and recall its associated tumor marker.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PdaWJj",label:"Recognize hepatocellular carcinoma, and recall the specific mutation associated with dietary aflatoxin exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SVayFj",label:"Recognize metastatic liver disease from colorectal carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nga-vP",label:"Recognize hepatocellular carcinoma, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I5aYlO",label:"Recognize hepatic angiosarcoma associated with vinyl chloride exposure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y8ad6m",label:"Recognize early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/pS0L0f",label:"Benign liver tumors and hepatic cysts",children:[{type:"question",id:"iO0JHT",label:"Recognize focal nodular hyperplasia, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kO0msT",label:"Recognize hepatic adenoma, and choose the most appropriate follow-up strategy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0daeoj",label:"Recognize hepatic hemangioma on imaging, and recall its biopsy complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qlaCBk",label:"Recognize cavernous hemangioma of the liver.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8EaOxm",label:"Recognize hepatic hemangioma, and choose the most appropriate management for an incidental liver finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/qS0C0f",label:"Hemochromatosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"qD0C2R",label:"Recognize hereditary hemochromatosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/IS0Yaf",label:"Wilson disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"DZa1dQ",label:"Recognize Wilson disease, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Ah0Rgf",label:"Intussusception",children:[{type:"question",id:"pQ0LCf",label:"Recognize Meckel diverticulum as a cause of intussusception.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qO0CtT",label:"Recognize intussusception in a child, and choose the most appropriate initial intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UTabJP",label:"Recognize Meckel diverticulum as a cause of intussusception.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/_h05gf",label:"Carcinoid tumor",children:[{type:"question",id:"4403jT",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w80hK3",label:"Recognize carcinoid tumor and its associated syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5UaidP",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome, and recall the enzyme targeted by adjunctive therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6gajwP",label:"Recognize a carcinoid tumor, and recall its associated immunostain.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/zh0rgf",label:"Inguinal hernia",children:[{type:"question",id:"7404kT",label:"Recognize an indirect inguinal hernia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bO0HIT",label:"Recognize acute hernia strangulation with concurrent bowel obstruction, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lraw3N",label:"Recognize a direct inguinal hernia, and recall its anatomical site of protrusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CxaqA5",label:"Recognize indirect inguinal hernia in a child, and choose the most appropriate referral.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Z30ZSf",label:"Femoral hernia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Dha1T4",label:"Recognize a femoral hernia, and recall its anatomical boundaries.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HsaKwN",label:"Recognize femoral hernia due to widening of the femoral ring.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/030eSf",label:"Abdominal hernias",children:[{type:"question",id:"i50JPg",label:"Recognize congenital umbilical hernia, and choose the most appropriate management for an asymptomatic, small hernia in a child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ora0RN",label:"Recognize congenital hypothyroidism, and recall the cause of congenital umbilical hernia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GEaBCm",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management after manual reduction of a symptomatic, incarcerated umbilical hernia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/a30QSf",label:"Acute appendicitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hg0K92",label:"Recognize possible appendicitis, and choose the most appropriate initial imaging modality for diagnosis in a child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SN0y0g",label:"Recognize appendiceal abscess, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6r0jRh",label:"Recognize appendicitis in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2B0TZi",label:"Recognize acute appendicitis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gMaFLO",label:"Recognize lymphatic tissue hyperplasia as a cause of acute appendicitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vGaAam",label:"Recognize the moderate likelihood of appendicitis based on the Alvarado score, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/b30HSf",label:"Anorectal abscess and fistula",children:[{type:"question",id:"QDauV5",label:"Recognize a perianal abscess, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/X309Sf",label:"Anal fissures",children:[{type:"question",id:"7g0492",label:"Recognize an anal fissure, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sfatnP",label:"Recognize an anal fissure, and recall its common location.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0Caeq5",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for an anal fissure unresponsive to conservative therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/c30ahf",label:"Hemorrhoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"JT0s72",label:"Recognize anorectal varices as a complication of portal hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-S0DXf",label:"Recognize internal hemorrhoids, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/W30Phf",label:"Rectal prolapse",children:[{type:"question",id:"EDa8T5",label:"Recognize full-thickness rectal prolapse, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/V30Ghf",label:"Cholelithiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"s90tKR",label:"Choose the most appropriate non-surgical treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis in patients at high risk for perioperative complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QC0u7R",label:"Recognize increased intraluminal gallbladder pressure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YTan6P",label:"Recognize cholelithiasis in Crohn disease patients post-ileocecal resection, and recall the mechanism of gallstone formation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A3aRO4",label:"Recognize black pigment gallstones associated with chronic hemolytic anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Pa5hk",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for nonsurgical treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uDapT5",label:"Recognize asymptomatic cholelithiasis, and choose the most appropriate initial management strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/e30xhf",label:"Biliary cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ck0qJT",label:"Recognize biliary cysts, and choose the most appropriate management to reduce the risk of complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/230T3f",label:"Bowel obstruction",children:[{type:"question",id:"Dj01cT",label:"Recognize that a history of abdominal surgery can cause bowel obstruction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E408OT",label:"Recognize mechanical small bowel obstruction, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3VaS8j",label:"Recognize superior mesenteric artery syndrome, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/6R0jLf",label:"Vitamin B12 deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"cL0a9g",label:"Recognize pernicious anemia, and recall its association with gastric carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"31aSgj",label:"Recognize pernicious anemia, and recall the target of associated antibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"72a4QP",label:"Recognize pernicious anemia, and recall its associated cancer risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"liav74",label:"Recognize vitamin B12 deficiency due to ileal resection, and recall its neurological manifestations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"xEaEBm",label:"Recognize the need for hand washing with soap and water to prevent C. difficile transmission.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/7Q04xf",label:"Benign bone tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lm0wTg",label:"Recognize torus palatinus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/aj0Q_f",label:"Preoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vn0GHg",label:"Recognize acute cholecystitis in the context of cirrhosis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/bP0HWT",label:"Diseases of the salivary glands",children:[{type:"question",id:"Di01Ff",label:"Recognize suppurative sialadenitis, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qpaCql",label:"Recognize pleomorphic adenoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gDaFd5",label:"Recognize sialolithiasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"cdaaKj",label:"Recognize yellow fever, and recall the histological features of apoptosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"edaxKj",label:"Recognize acute hepatitis A, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Na3YO",label:"Recognize Barrett esophagus, and recall the concept of metaplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Epa8rl",label:"Recall the regenerative capacity of liver tissue.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/HP0KTT",label:"Elimination disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"VDaGW5",label:"Recognize retentive encopresis, and choose the initial treatment for this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/_P05hT",label:"Penetrating trauma",children:[{type:"question",id:"mP0V2T",label:"Choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for a hemodynamically stable patient with penetrating abdominal trauma and no signs of peritonitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/R40lQT",label:"Neonatal jaundice",children:[{type:"question",id:"EJ08DS",label:"Recognize physiological neonatal jaundice, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sIatVN",label:"Recall the mechanism of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/L40wPT",label:"Cystic fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"vOaA8k",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis in a newborn, and recall the associated laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xmaE3O",label:"Recognize distal intestinal obstruction syndrome as a complication of cystic fibrosis, and recall the most common cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/o4004T",label:"Necrotizing enterocolitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"wS0hbf",label:"Recognize necrotizing enterocolitis in a preterm newborn, and choose the definitive treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FK0gRS",label:"Recognize necrotizing enterocolitis in a premature infant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ygadBP",label:"Recognize necrotizing enterocolitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/K40U4T",label:"Esophageal atresia",children:[{type:"question",id:"zS0rXf",label:"Recognize esophageal atresia in a newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LGaw-N",label:"Recognize esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula, and recall its associated complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/p40L4T",label:"Congenital visceral malformations",children:[{type:"question",id:"Nh0-Vf",label:"Recognize duodenal atresia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xm09Vg",label:"Recognize biliary atresia in a newborn with direct hyperbilirubinemia and pale stools.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sK0t3S",label:"Recognize jejunal atresia in a newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0gaeFP",label:"Recognize imperforate anus in a newborn.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RgalEP",label:"Recognize jejunal atresia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PMaWKO",label:"Recognize congenital duodenal atresia and its associated radiographic sign.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sKat3l",label:"Recognize gastroschisis in a fetus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_va5c5",label:"Recognize features of biliary atresia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/J40s4T",label:"Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"vg0AC2",label:"Recognize cyclic vomiting syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cS0aA2",label:"Recognize hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and choose the initial management for dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"630jjf",label:"Recognize hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and recall the laboratory findings associated with persistent vomiting.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Q0jCf",label:"Recognize infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and choose the intervention that decreases its risk.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fj0k-f",label:"Recognize hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and recall its diagnostic ultrasound findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"McaM1j",label:"Recognize hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and recall its diagnostic ultrasound findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/q40C4T",label:"Hirschsprung disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"HO0KFT",label:"Recognize Hirschsprung disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tK0XRS",label:"Recognize Hirschsprung disease, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WgaP8P",label:"Recognize Hirschsprung disease, and recall its affected intestinal layers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mgaVDP",label:"Recognize Hirschsprung disease, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VwaG35",label:"Recognize Hirschsprung disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/pk0LKT",label:"Precancerous skin lesions",children:[{type:"question",id:"eF0xS3",label:"Recognize leukoplakia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Gk0B6T",label:"Aphthous stomatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"oT0072",label:"Recognize aphthous stomatitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Bl0z_T",label:"Pancreatic and hepatic surgery",children:[{type:"question",id:"UM0bLg",label:"Recognize a pancreatic fistula as a cause of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ydanoj",label:"Recognize the Whipple procedure, and recall its long-term complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/EN081g",label:"Inhalational anesthetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"LgawDP",label:"Recognize adverse effects of anesthetic agents.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/xN0EWg",label:"Principles of pain management",children:[{type:"question",id:"uw0pkR",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for severe acute pain in acute pancreatitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/yN0ddg",label:"Opioids",children:[{type:"question",id:"nB07Yi",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of loperamide.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Xm09Vg",label:"Amiodarone",children:[{type:"question",id:"0w0ehR",label:"Recognize amiodarone-induced hepatotoxicity, and choose the appropriate management step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/dm0oeg",label:"Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"86aO5l",label:"Recall contraindications for medications used to treat dyspepsia during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"4J038S",label:"Recognize Reye syndrome, and recall its etiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uhapf4",label:"Recognize hepatic mitochondrial injury as a cause of Reye syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/gm0FUg",label:"Diuretics",children:[{type:"question",id:"9u0Nt3",label:"Recognize the side effects of diuretic therapy in the treatment of ascites.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Pm0Wfg",label:"Antihistamines",children:[{type:"question",id:"WraPTN",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of H2 receptor antagonists, and recall their effect on parietal cells.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/6m0jgg",label:"Antifungals",children:[{type:"question",id:"gy0Fei",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of echinocandin antifungal drugs.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/pm0Lgg",label:"Antiviral agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"oia0s4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for chronic hepatitis B infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/rm0fSg",label:"Proton pump inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"d-0owi",label:"Recognize severe GERD, and recall the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7la4yk",label:"Choose the pharmacotherapy that directly inhibits gastric acid secretion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"vj0AXT",label:"Recognize insufficient mechanical hemostasis as a cause of postoperative bleeding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"Y0aneQ",label:"Recognize familial adenomatous polyposis, and recall its inheritance pattern.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/iM0Jog",label:"Inherited hyperbilirubinemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"DO01uT",label:"Recognize Gilbert syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3v0S-3",label:"Recognize Dubin-Johnson syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ax0QER",label:"Recognize impaired hepatic storage of bilirubin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s_0tpi",label:"Recognize Gilbert syndrome, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oga0wP",label:"Recognize Dubin-Johnson syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-gaDBP",label:"Recognize kernicterus, and recall the defect in bilirubin metabolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/QM0uog",label:"Food allergies",children:[{type:"question",id:"5S0iZf",label:"Recognize food protein-induced proctocolitis in an infant, and choose the most appropriate dietary management for the mother.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/oM00pg",label:"Infectious gastroenteritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"SS0y_2",label:"Recognize Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis, and recall its transmission through shellfish.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BR0z6f",label:"Recognize inflammatory diarrhea, and recall its common foodborne pathogens.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Pp0WpS",label:"Recall the common sources of Yersinia enterocolitica infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OeaI_j",label:"Recognize nontyphoidal Salmonella gastroenteritis, and recall the effects of antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BeazaP",label:"Recognize Vibrio cholerae infection, and recall its pathogenesis of diarrhea.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ifaJNP",label:"Recognize symptoms of Campylobacter infection, and recall its laboratory characteristics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PhaWV4",label:"Choose the most effective measure to prevent Staphylococcus aureus gastroenteritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IhaY24",label:"Recall the common sources of Yersinia enterocolitica infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aQaQu4",label:"Recognize Shigella infection, and recall its mechanism of pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JkasKk",label:"Recognize Vibrio cholerae infection, and recall its growth characteristics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/6M0jpg",label:"Diarrhea",children:[{type:"question",id:"GE0BC3",label:"Recognize laxative abuse as a cause of chronic diarrhea.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tE0Xx3",label:"Recognize chronic inflammatory bowel disease, and recall its association with stool leukocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yGadbm",label:"Recognize chemotherapy-induced diarrhea, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t9YX6r",label:"Recognize a neuroendocrine tumor as a cause of chronic secretory diarrhea.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/JM0spg",label:"Autoimmune hepatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Fv0gbR",label:"Recognize autoimmune hepatitis, and recall its associated serologic marker.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"IeaYZP",label:"Recall the function of EGFR, and recall its role in cancer therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/IM0YJg",label:"Sexually transmitted infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"nDa7U5",label:"Recognize primary syphilis, and choose the most effective measure to prevent sexually transmitted infections during oral sex.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/GM0BJg",label:"Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"4O03sT",label:"Recognize spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/CM0qIg",label:"Constipation",children:[{type:"question",id:"5Gai-N",label:"Recognize fecal impaction, and choose the most appropriate initial intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vDaAT5",label:"Recognize constipation with potential secondary etiology in a patient over 50 years old, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/gn0Fsg",label:"Transplantation",children:[{type:"question",id:"a1aQ2j",label:"Recognize chronic graft rejection, and recall its histological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M7aMmN",label:"Recognize chronic transplant rejection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"o-00yi",label:"Recognize peptic ulcer disease, and recall the diagnostic findings of the causative organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oea0-j",label:"Recognize Campylobacter jejuni infection, and recall its neurological complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XSa9yP",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy against anaerobic gram-negative rods.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ESa8Y4",label:"Recognize Clostridium perfringens enterocolitis, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Ln0wFg",label:"Laboratory medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"JfasMP",label:"Recognize the significance of elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and choose the most appropriate laboratory parameter to differentiate its cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/ML0Myg",label:"Giardiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"o300jf",label:"Recognize giardiasis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OUaIWP",label:"Recognize giardiasis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mHaVIN",label:"Recognize giardiasis, and recall its causal organism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/IL0Y_g",label:"Rotavirus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"qh0CUf",label:"Recognize viral gastroenteritis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/7L04_g",label:"Specialized nutrition support",children:[{type:"question",id:"G50Blg",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in managing nutrition for a ventilated patient postoperatively.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/GL0B_g",label:"Blunt trauma",children:[{type:"question",id:"O50I4g",label:"Recognize liver hematoma following blunt trauma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1B02-R",label:"Recognize pancreatic ductal injury post-trauma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MGaM-N",label:"Recognize duodenal hematoma following blunt abdominal trauma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/8L0Ozg",label:"Pyogenic liver abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"Z40Z3T",label:"Recognize a pyogenic liver abscess, and choose the most appropriate initial intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"82aOjP",label:"Recognize cholangitis as a cause of liver abscess.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/EL08zg",label:"Chagas disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"q_0C6i",label:"Recognize Chagas disease, and recall its esophageal biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/1o02aS",label:"HIV-associated conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"R40lQT",label:"Recognize cytomegalovirus colitis in HIV patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LF0wi3",label:"Recognize cryptosporidiosis in an immunocompromised patient, and recall its characteristic stool findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/fo0kYS",label:"Megacolon",children:[{type:"question",id:"gN0F0g",label:"Recognize acute megacolon with complications, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9m0N3g",label:"Recognize acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome), and choose the most appropriate pharmacologic management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"980NK3",label:"Recognize toxic megacolon in a patient with ulcerative colitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eha8f4",label:"Recognize toxic 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disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"_fa5KP",label:"Recognize hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis, and recall its associated dermatologic finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Ao0ReS",label:"Vitamins",children:[{type:"question",id:"380Sm3",label:"Recognize pellagra, and recall its associated vitamin deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/8K0ORS",label:"Proteins and peptides",children:[{type:"question",id:"H6aKml",label:"Recognize the dietary restrictions for phenylketonuria, and recall the enzyme responsible for aspartame breakdown.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/U60b4S",label:"Stomach",children:[{type:"question",id:"81aOij",label:"Recall the effect of vagus nerve stimulation on gastric regulatory functions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"adaQoj",label:"Recall the blood supply of the stomach, and recall the origin of the left gastroepiploic artery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A2aR4P",label:"Recognize peptic ulcers on the lesser curvature of the stomach.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gfaFlP",label:"Recognize the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion, and recall the role of D cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KNaUXO",label:"Recall the location of gastrin-secreting cells in the stomach.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cIaabN",label:"Recognize parietal cells, and recall their secretory products.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/260T4S",label:"Pancreas",children:[{type:"question",id:"1Va2tj",label:"Recognize ruptured esophageal varices, and recall the source of somatostatin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UgabuP",label:"Recognize duodenal obstruction by annular pancreas, and recall its embryologic origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iSaJzP",label:"Recognize pancreas divisum, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w6ahMl",label:"Recognize pancreas divisum.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/f60k4S",label:"Esophagus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xea9xj",label:"Recall the blood supply of the cervical esophagus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/R60lkS",label:"Large intestine",children:[{type:"question",id:"MT0Mr2",label:"Recall the anatomical landmark used to locate the appendix during surgery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8TaOsP",label:"Recognize acute mesenteric ischemia, and recall the vascular supply of the colon.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ARaRp4",label:"Recognize that the rectosigmoid colon is affected by inferior mesenteric artery occlusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ja2z4",label:"Recognize internal iliac lymph nodes as the primary metastasis site for proximal anal canal tumors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/j60_kS",label:"Liver",children:[{type:"question",id:"dy0oVi",label:"Recognize ischemic hepatitis, and recall the hepatic zonation and vulnerability to ischemic injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X-09Di",label:"Recall the concept of dual blood supply and its significance in organ survival during embolic events.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/O60IOS",label:"Female reproductive organs",children:[{type:"question",id:"mraV3N",label:"Recall the origin and distribution of the ovarian artery.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/M60MlS",label:"Gastrointestinal tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZVaZGj",label:"Recall the cell that produces secretin, and the effect of this hormone on gastric and duodenal secretions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mfaV5P",label:"Recognize Brunner gland hyperplasia, and recall its secretory product.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QTauqP",label:"Recall the function of cholecystokinin, and recall its site of secretion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tma6UO",label:"Recall the function of gastrin in gastric emptying.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IqaY-l",label:"Recall the anatomy of the peritoneal coverings of the intestines, and recall the characteristics of intraperitoneal organs.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/A60RnS",label:"Pelvis and hip joint",children:[{type:"question",id:"_pa5Hl",label:"Recognize pelvic dyssynergia, and recall the muscle involved in voluntary defecation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/jp0_6S",label:"Oral cavity",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZpaZLl",label:"Recall anatomy of the parotid duct.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Op0IpS",label:"Thoracic cavity",children:[{type:"question",id:"c6aaPl",label:"Recall the anatomical course of the vagus nerve through the diaphragm.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/SJ0ytS",label:"Acute cholecystitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"mk0VoT",label:"Recognize acute cholecystitis, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uN0p1g",label:"Recognize emphysematous cholecystitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7m04Sg",label:"Recognize acute acalculous cholecystitis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xL0E-g",label:"Recognize acute calculous cholecystitis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ew08kR",label:"Recognize acalculous cholecystitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vw0AkR",label:"Recognize acute cholecystitis, and recall its imaging findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y90dJR",label:"Recognize porcelain gallbladder, and recall its associated risk of malignancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0VaeGj",label:"Recognize porcelain gallbladder, and recall its associated risk of malignancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pfaLMP",label:"Recognize obstruction of the cystic duct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MTaMrP",label:"Recognize acute cholecystitis, and recall the expected imaging finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nTa7rP",label:"Recognize acalculous 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cholangitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"e40xRT",label:"Recognize acute ascending cholangitis, and choose the most appropriate intervention for biliary drainage.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/pq0LzS",label:"Gastrointestinal perforation",children:[{type:"question",id:"a40Q3T",label:"Recognize signs of peritonitis due to gastrointestinal perforation, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WM0Png",label:"Recognize gastrointestinal perforation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T1a6Tj",label:"Recognize a perforated peptic ulcer, and recall the pattern of referred pain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KpaUql",label:"Recognize a perforated peptic ulcer.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/_q05ah",label:"Maternal complications during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"xq0E0h",label:"Recognize cholestasis of pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/zq0rah",label:"Gastritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"zTartP",label:"Recognize M\xe9n\xe9trier disease, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1xa2v5",label:"Recognize acute erosive gastropathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/-q0Dah",label:"Esophagitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"tw0XkR",label:"Recognize medication-induced esophagitis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9JaNwl",label:"Recognize eosinophilic esophagitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JGasZm",label:"Recognize eosinophilic esophagitis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IGaY0m",label:"Recognize eosinophilic esophagitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/aI0QYh",label:"Paralytic ileus",children:[{type:"question",id:"350SPg",label:"Recognize paralytic ileus post-abdominal surgery, and choose the most appropriate change in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R50lPg",label:"Recognize retroperitoneal hemorrhage.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/XI09Yh",label:"Psoas abscess",children:[{type:"question",id:"IC0YtR",label:"Recognize a psoas muscle abscess.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/5I0iWh",label:"Choledocholithiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wk0P5T",label:"Recognize choledocholithiasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gk0B6T",label:"Recognize choledocholithiasis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qm0Cgg",label:"Recognize cholecystoenteric fistula.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rm0fSg",label:"Recognize postcholecystectomy syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ChaqT4",label:"Recognize gallstone ileus, and recall the most common location for obstruction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1pa2ol",label:"Recognize choledocholithiasis, and recall the location of the stone on ultrasonography.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/qI0Cdh",label:"Constipation in children and adolescents",children:[{type:"question",id:"gS0F_2",label:"Choose the initial management for primary constipation in infants.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Er08Qh",label:"Dysphagia",children:[{type:"question",id:"XE0983",label:"Recognize oropharyngeal dysphagia post-stroke, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/zr0rPh",label:"Acute liver failure",children:[{type:"question",id:"RQ0lDf",label:"Recognize fulminant hepatic failure, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/SH0yph",label:"Foreign body ingestion",children:[{type:"question",id:"3J0SFS",label:"Recognize button battery ingestion, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aFaQgm",label:"Recognize ingestion of multiple magnets, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rxalw5",label:"Recognize an ingested coin lodged in the stomach without severe symptoms, and choose the most appropriate follow-up management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/vH0AHh",label:"Fistulas",children:[{type:"question",id:"qTaC7P",label:"Recognize gallstone ileus due to cholecystoenteric fistula.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"68ajnm",label:"Recognize symptoms of an enterovesical fistula, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/9H0Nsh",label:"Sigmoid volvulus and cecal volvulus",children:[{type:"question",id:"L50wkg",label:"Recognize sigmoid volvulus, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/BH0zsh",label:"Kaposi sarcoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"qdaCIj",label:"Recognize Kaposi sarcoma, and recall its histologic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/_H05Gh",label:"Diverticulitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"vP0AgT",label:"Recognize acute diverticulitis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"240TiT",label:"Recognize acute diverticulitis complicated by a large abscess, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0x0eER",label:"Recognize diverticulitis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_oa5el",label:"Recognize diverticulitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1sa2FN",label:"Recognize diverticular disease complications, and recall the risk of recurrent urinary tract infections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Zs0Zth",label:"Esophageal varices",children:[{type:"question",id:"e30xhf",label:"Recognize secondary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding, and choose the most appropriate recommendation to prevent future episodes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fl0kwT",label:"Recognize esophageal variceal bleeding in a patient with liver cirrhosis, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dw0o3R",label:"Recognize esophageal varices at risk for bleeding, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for primary prophylaxis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/as0Qth",label:"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Is0Ywh",label:"Recognize nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rs0fwh",label:"Recognize insulin resistance as a cause of hepatic steatosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/Ys0nth",label:"Alcoholic hepatitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"D701Lh",label:"Recognize alcoholic hepatitis. and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/hs0cuh",label:"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"aVaQGj",label:"Recognize a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, and recall the associated electrolyte disturbance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/is0Juh",label:"Dental disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"TDa6d5",label:"Choose the most appropriate immediate action for an avulsed permanent tooth.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/kG0mzh",label:"Cholecystectomy",children:[{type:"question",id:"MvaM05",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for postcholecystectomy diarrhea.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/sG0t03",label:"Well-child visits",children:[{type:"question",id:"fDakd5",label:"Choose the most appropriate recommendation for teething syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/EG08a3",label:"Vitamin D deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"dSaoAP",label:"Recognize cholelithiasis, and recall complications of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/DG01Y3",label:"Portal vein thrombosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ofa0MP",label:"Recognize portal hypertension due to portal vein thrombosis, and recall the associated hematologic finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/9G0NY3",label:"Hepatic encephalopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"sN0tcg",label:"Recognize hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients, and choose the appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2w0TRR",label:"Recognize hepatic encephalopathy due to bacterial catabolism of nitrogenous compounds.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"h1acgj",label:"Recognize hepatic encephalopathy, and recall the mechanism of action for its pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aTaQ6P",label:"Recognize hepatic encephalopathy, and recall its precipitating factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/CG0qY3",label:"Hepatorenal syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"xE0EB3",label:"Recognize hepatorenal syndrome as a cause of kidney dysfunction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/4t03d3",label:"Diabetic gastroparesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"K90UoR",label:"Recognize diabetic gastroparesis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3xYSwr",label:"Recognize diabetic gastroparesis, and choose the confirmatory diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/VF0GS3",label:"Abdominal compartment syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Tl06wT",label:"Recognize abdominal compartment syndrome, and choose the most appropriate surgical intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/MF0Mi3",label:"Cannabis-induced disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"jR0_5f",label:"Recognize cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/oF00Q3",label:"Acetaminophen overdose",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vx0GvR",label:"Choose the initial management step for acetaminophen overdose based on the time of presentation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lbaw8Q",label:"Recall the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen overdose.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/g80FN3",label:"Angiodysplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"cD0aWR",label:"Recognize arteriovenous malformation in the colonic wall as a cause of GI bleeding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NB0-ai",label:"Recognize angiodysplasia associated with aortic stenosis, and recall its characteristic blood vessels.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/480353",label:"Overview of viral hepatitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"x30Ekf",label:"Recognize acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CTaqGP",label:"Recognize acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy, and recall the diagnostic serologic marker for acute infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/O80I53",label:"Radiation injury",children:[{type:"question",id:"MuaM7m",label:"Recognize mucosal radiation damage as a cause of radiation proctitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/K80Un3",label:"Helicobacter pylori infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"wj0hcT",label:"Recognize peptic ulcer disease associated with H. pylori, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study to confirm treatment success.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"hf0cN2/A80R63",label:"Strongyloidiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"NKa-gl",label:"Recognize strongyloidiasis, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Rf0lN2",label:"Multisystem Processes & Disorders",children:[{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/4f03m2",label:"Lyme disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"l30vif",label:"Recognize early localized Lyme disease, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"530iQf",label:"Recognize Lyme arthritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M30MQf",label:"Recognize peripheral facial nerve palsy suggestive of Lyme disease, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L30wQf",label:"Recognize Lyme carditis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_y053i",label:"Recognize Lyme disease presentation, and recall its natural reservoir.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"I3aYP4",label:"Recognize Lyme arthritis, and recall its causative organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qiaur4",label:"Recognize Lyme carditis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/kf0mm2",label:"Leptospirosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"d8aolm",label:"Recognize mild leptospirosis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/lf0vm2",label:"Brucellosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"SxayD5",label:"Recognize brucellosis in a patient with undulant fever and exposure to livestock.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Nf0-m2",label:"Listeriosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"5Mai6O",label:"Recognize neonatal sepsis due to Listeria monocytogenes, and recall the role of interferon-γ in immune response.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/mf0V52",label:"Human immunodeficiency virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"M-0MBi",label:"Recognize the clinical features of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, and recall the antiretroviral medications that can cause it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gnaFsO",label:"Recognize symptoms of vertical HIV transmission, and recall prevention strategies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2saT8N",label:"Recall the leading causes of death in patients with well-controlled HIV.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/nf0752",label:"Cytomegalovirus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"Qaau4Q",label:"Recognize CMV mononucleosis, and recall its complications in immunocompromised hosts.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Lf0w52",label:"Infectious mononucleosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"9g0Nx2",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and recall its associated heterophile antibody test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cg0qx2",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and choose the most appropriate non-pharmacological management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i6aJkl",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and choose the most appropriate recommendation to prevent complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S8ayNm",label:"Recognize infectious mononucleosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Kf0UM2",label:"Malaria",children:[{type:"question",id:"RWalOj",label:"Recognize P. vivax or 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onchocerciasis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/xf0Eo2",label:"Schistosomiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mu0M73",label:"Recognize schistosomiasis, and recall its intermediate host.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VgaG8P",label:"Recognize chronic schistosomiasis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c8aalm",label:"Recognize genitourinary schistosomiasis, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Af0RK2",label:"Poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"-p0DHS",label:"Recognize caustic ingestion, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2v0Tz3",label:"Recognize cyanide toxicity secondary to sodium nitroprusside treatment for hypertensive crisis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/-f0DK2",label:"Rheumatoid arthritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZPaZWk",label:"Recognize rheumatoid arthritis, and recall its associated 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marker.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/XT0962",label:"Osteomalacia and rickets",children:[{type:"question",id:"0S0ey2",label:"Recognize rickets, and recall its effects on bone mineralization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fp0grS",label:"Recognize rickets as a metabolic abnormality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r4afkk",label:"Recognize rickets, and recall its underlying cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/1T02p2",label:"Giant cell arteritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"eN0xZg",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dn0oHg",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HE0KC3",label:"Recognize giant cell arteritis (GCA), and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5Qai94",label:"Recognize large-vessel vasculitis as a cause of headache in elderly patients with polymyalgia rheumatica symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"8p0OrS",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its associated antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mx0VCR",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0B0ezR",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xZaEdQ",label:"Recognize drug-induced lupus erythematosus, and recall its associated autoantibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MjaMak",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b7aH4N",label:"Recognize neonatal lupus syndrome, and choose the most appropriate laboratory study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RHalJN",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/VT0Gp2",label:"Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ro0lbS",label:"Recognize polymyositis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zu0Zp3",label:"Recognize dermatomyositis, and choose the most appropriate next step in evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Naa-kQ",label:"Recognize dermatomyositis, and recall its associated malignancies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/eT0xp2",label:"Systemic sclerosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"m30VQf",label:"Recognize diffuse systemic sclerosis, and recall the associated autoantibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9G0NY3",label:"Recognize systemic sclerosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xG0EY3",label:"Recognize CREST syndrome, and recall its associated antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tt0613",label:"Recognize limited systemic sclerosis (SSc), and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IB0YXi",label:"Recognize systemic sclerosis (SSc), and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"K1aU3j",label:"Recognize systemic sclerosis, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wfahoP",label:"Recognize esophageal smooth muscle fibrosis in CREST syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CgaqxP",label:"Recognize limited systemic sclerosis, and recall its associated findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i8aJmm",label:"Choose the initial approach for managing scleroderma renal crisis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v9aA65",label:"Recognize mixed connective tissue disorder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/fT0kJ2",label:"Vasculitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"4F03R3",label:"Recognize Takayasu arteritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EF08P3",label:"Recognize polyarteritis nodosa.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k80m53",label:"Recognize microscopic polyangiitis, and recall its associated antibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cQaaE4",label:"Recognize polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/TT06J2",label:"Granulomatosis with polyangiitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"PB0Wai",label:"Recognize granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and recall its associated antibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iYaJKQ",label:"Recognize rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and recall the immunofluorescent microscopy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"abaQHQ",label:"Recognize granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and recall its associated antibody titers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ikaJnk",label:"Recognize granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/hT0cq2",label:"Kawasaki disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"bp0HLS",label:"Recognize Kawasaki 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purpura.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EHa8HN",label:"Recognize IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Sch\xf6nlein purpura), and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3GaS_N",label:"Recognize immunoglobulin A vasculitis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/zT0rt2",label:"Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion",children:[{type:"question",id:"7j04bT",label:"Recognize syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/fg0ku2",label:"Cushing syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"8u0OG3",label:"Recognize decreased bone mineral density in Cushing syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/gg0Fu2",label:"Hyperparathyroidism",children:[{type:"question",id:"xP0EST",label:"Recognize secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0LaewO",label:"Recognize secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/hg0cE2",label:"Multiple endocrine neoplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"UOab7k",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B (MEN 2B), and recall its associated oral manifestations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/4g03v2",label:"Obesity and metabolic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"L40wPT",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in the management of morbid obesity with metabolic syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/lg0vv2",label:"Chronic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Hw0K4R",label:"Recognize decreased erythropoietin production due to chronic kidney disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Mg0MD2",label:"Nephrotic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"mG0V-h",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and recall its complications related to 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management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/7g0492",label:"Hyperkalemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"VO0GrT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for hyperkalemia with ECG changes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4x039R",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for nonurgent hyperkalemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Hg0K92",label:"Hypocalcemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"I40YkT",label:"Recognize acute hypocalcemia post-thyroidectomy, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tk06MT",label:"Recognize hypocalcemia due to multiple blood transfusions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gl0FwT",label:"Recognize hypomagnesemia-induced hypocalcemia, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-PaDhk",label:"Recognize hypocalcemia due to calcium chelation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SmayUO",label:"Recognize vitamin D deficiency, and recall its 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appropriate antibiotics for patients with beta-lactam hypersensitivity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DM01Ig",label:"Recognize antibody cross-reactivity in Sydenham chorea.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5bai8Q",label:"Recognize rheumatic fever, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/CS0qbf",label:"Infective endocarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"l5av4O",label:"Recognize infective endocarditis, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Uh0bWf",label:"Raynaud phenomenon",children:[{type:"question",id:"I30YPf",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for primary Raynaud phenomenon.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uF0pP3",label:"Recognize secondary Raynaud phenomenon, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"5Q0i9f",label:"Choose the most appropriate management 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metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"7K043S",label:"Recognize Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and recall its associated enzyme deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HK0K3S",label:"Recognize homocystinuria, and recall its associated enzyme deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8H0OHh",label:"Recognize homocystinuria, and recall its associated ocular finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HG0K03",label:"Recognize alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sx0tBR",label:"Recognize α1-antitrypsin deficiency, and recall its pulmonary complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MA0M4i",label:"Recognize Hartnup disease, and recall the adverse effects of its treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Xaj_Q",label:"Recognize medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and recall its metabolic effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pXaL_Q",label:"Recall the function of the carnitine shuttle and its role in ketone body 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disorders.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5Pai2k",label:"Choose the appropriate dietary supplementation for carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"flakwk",label:"Recognize α1-antitrypsin deficiency, and recall its associated genotypes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HMaKJO",label:"Recall the management of urea cycle disorders, and recall the metabolic consequences of these disorders.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y6anjl",label:"Recognize alkaptonuria, and recall its associated enzyme deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tpaXrl",label:"Recognize MELAS syndrome, and recall the metabolic pathway upregulated in response to its mitochondrial dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Ia4VN",label:"Recognize hereditary homocystinuria, and recall the enzyme deficiency associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GzaB8M",label:"Recognize alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/DR016f",label:"Myasthenia gravis",children:[{type:"question",id:"DL01-g",label:"Recognize Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, and recall the diagnostic autoantibodies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H2aKQP",label:"Recognize Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, and recall its associated autoantibody.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/9R0N6f",label:"Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZL0Zwg",label:"Recognize Wernicke encephalopathy, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"f8akNm",label:"Recognize the need for droplet precautions for rubella infection control.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/FQ0gBf",label:"Paget disease of bone",children:[{type:"question",id:"zs0rxh",label:"Recognize Paget disease of bone, and recall its 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study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/dP0odT",label:"Pathology techniques",children:[{type:"question",id:"kTamIP",label:"Recognize acute Chagas disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tTaXsP",label:"Choose the most appropriate diagnostic study to evaluate cell surface markers in solid tumors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/fP0kVT",label:"Amyloidosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"xF0E43",label:"Recognize amyloidosis, and recall its associated hematologic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BF0z43",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma as a cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy and macroglossia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"__05Ii",label:"Recognize senile cardiac amyloidosis, and recall its associated protein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"draoTN",label:"Recognize systemic amyloidosis associated with nephrotic syndrome, and recall the renal biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/mP0V2T",label:"Child maltreatment",children:[{type:"question",id:"K50UOg",label:"Recognize signs suggestive of child abuse, and recall the diagnostic findings indicative of non-accidental injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t50XNg",label:"Recognize signs of child abuse, and recall the diagnostic finding associated with shaken baby syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hgacEP",label:"Recognize shaken baby syndrome (shearing head injury).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OGaIzN",label:"Recognize shaken baby syndrome, and choose the appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/_P05hT",label:"Penetrating trauma",children:[{type:"question",id:"awaQh5",label:"Choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for a hemodynamically unstable patient with penetrating chest trauma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Z40Z3T",label:"Environmental 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features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BkazJk",label:"Recognize trisomy 13, and recall its associated anomalies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/U40biT",label:"Down syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Q0aufQ",label:"Recognize trisomy 21 (Down syndrome), and recall its physical exam findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R5alPO",label:"Recognize acute lymphocytic leukemia associated with trisomy 21, and recall the genetic mechanism of trisomy 21.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/240TiT",label:"Rare inherited syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jo0s1S",label:"Recognize cri-du-chat syndrome, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BK0ziS",label:"Recognize fragile X syndrome, and recall the diagnostic genetic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q60ukS",label:"Recognize Angelman syndrome, and recall its genetic mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ez0x7i",label:"Recognize Williams syndrome, and recall its associated cardiac abnormalities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WYaPLQ",label:"Recognize fragile X syndrome, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bWaHPj",label:"Recognize fragile X syndrome, and recall its clinical features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FWagMj",label:"Recognize Prader-Willi syndrome, and recall its genetic etiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/L40wPT",label:"Cystic fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"VK0G2S",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall its associated congenital anomaly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4K03gS",label:"Recognize exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as a cause of failure to thrive.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MK0MSS",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nK07SS",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and choose the best initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LK0wSS",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis, and recall the genetic basis of the disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oK00hS",label:"Recognize meconium ileus, and recall complications of cystic fibrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pK0LhS",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e-0xwi",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall its associated congenital anomaly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PcaWcj",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis due to ΔF508 mutation, and recall its neonatal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Taj7P",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DTa1GP",label:"Recognize exocrine pancreatic insufficiency as a cause of failure to thrive.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RNalaO",label:"Recognize cystic fibrosis due to a CFTR gene mutation, and recall its effect on sodium channel activity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/p40L4T",label:"Congenital visceral malformations",children:[{type:"question",id:"_ca5Uj",label:"Recognize biliary atresia, and recall its early complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/840OOT",label:"Pertussis",children:[{type:"question",id:"dTaopP",label:"Recognize whooping cough, and recall the mechanism of pertussis toxin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xvaEX5",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for potential pertussis exposure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/E408OT",label:"Coxsackie virus infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"pDaL25",label:"Recognize herpangina associated with febrile seizures, and choose the most appropriate symptomatic treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/w40hlT",label:"Juvenile idiopathic arthritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"kJ0m8S",label:"Recognize oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/hk0cnT",label:"Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"260T4S",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zp0ZLS",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ugapCP",label:"Recognize Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and recall the defect in collagen synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ega8CP",label:"Recognize Marfan syndrome, and recall the associated defective structural protein.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9vaNX5",label:"Recognize vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and recall its life-threatening complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Rk0lnT",label:"Neurocutaneous syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lo0wcS",label:"Recognize neurofibromatosis type 1, and recall its associated tumor 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tarda.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rPafTk",label:"Recognize acute intermittent porphyria, and choose the most appropriate therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/qk0CKT",label:"Melanoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"FN0g1g",label:"Recognize cutaneous malignant melanoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Hk0K6T",label:"Gonorrhea",children:[{type:"question",id:"F30g4f",label:"Recognize disseminated gonococcal infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"830O4f",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for disseminated gonococcal infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"h3acR4",label:"Recognize disseminated gonococcal infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qQaCC4",label:"Recognize gonococcal arthritis as a sexually transmitted infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/sk0t6T",label:"Syphilis",children:[{type:"question",id:"2i0TIf",label:"Recognize tertiary syphilis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NCa-H5",label:"Recognize primary syphilis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/_k05qT",label:"Breast cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"aRaQl4",label:"Recognize Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and recall its associated genetic mutation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/VO0GrT",label:"Hypertensive pregnancy disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"jI0_ch",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome, and recall its associated abdominal pain etiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4I031h",label:"Recognize the possibility of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, and choose the initial diagnostic tests to evaluate for HELLP syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kI0m1h",label:"Recognize HELLP syndrome as a cause of coagulation pathway overactivation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/kO0msT",label:"Shock",children:[{type:"question",id:"v40AOT",label:"Recognize hypovolemic shock due to blood loss.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6l0jBT",label:"Recognize hypovolemic shock, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n507kg",label:"Recognize neurogenic shock, and recall its association with spinal anesthesia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"haac4Q",label:"Recognize hypovolemic shock, and recall its hemodynamic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LsawvN",label:"Choose the most appropriate vasopressor in septic shock with persistent hypotension.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/4N03Yg",label:"Management of trauma patients",children:[{type:"question",id:"jm0_2g",label:"Recognize the need for cervical spine protection in a trauma patient, and choose the initial step in airway management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"t1aXij",label:"Choose the correct loading dose calculation for intravenous heparin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/HN0Kcg",label:"Parasympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"IE0YC3",label:"Recall the adverse effects of direct muscarinic agonists.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/sN0tcg",label:"Muscarinic antagonists",children:[{type:"question",id:"MwaMj5",label:"Recognize anticholinergic syndrome, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/tN0X1g",label:"Sympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"lMavKO",label:"Recall the indications, mechanism of action, and hemodynamic effects of norepinephrine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/uN0p1g",label:"Beta blockers",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Za3bQ",label:"Recall the indications, respiratory effects, and cardiovascular effects of nonselective beta blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NXa-yQ",label:"Recall the effects of nonselective beta blockers on hypoglycemia symptoms.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/DN01Wg",label:"Skeletal muscle relaxants",children:[{type:"question",id:"aN0Q-T",label:"Recall the complications of succinylcholine in burn patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/yN0ddg",label:"Opioids",children:[{type:"question",id:"zfarKP",label:"Recall contraindications for opioid analgesics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/am0QVg",label:"Statins",children:[{type:"question",id:"0Tae6P",label:"Recall the effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and bile acid resins on LDL receptor expression.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Ym0nVg",label:"Second-line lipid-lowering agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"Eca8Vj",label:"Recognize the adverse effects of fibrates, especially when combined with statins.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Xm09Vg",label:"Amiodarone",children:[{type:"question",id:"UD0bdR",label:"Recognize the adverse effects of amiodarone, particularly pulmonary toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/em0xeg",label:"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"fOak7k",label:"Recognize theophylline toxicity, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"3iaSr4",label:"Recall the adverse effects of medications that inhibit thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"p1aL3j",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of bortezomib.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GoaBWl",label:"Recognize nephrotoxicity from platinum-based chemotherapy, and choose the appropriate agent to prevent this adverse effect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mpaVJl",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of alkylating agents, and recall the similarities between busulfan and lomustine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"u-0p_i",label:"Recognize early localized Lyme disease, and recall the safe pharmacotherapy options during pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S0ay2Q",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of isoniazid, and recall its adverse effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OKaIgl",label:"Recognize tularemia, and recall the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/6m0jgg",label:"Antifungals",children:[{type:"question",id:"tkaXpk",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of nystatin, and recall the basis of fungal resistance to it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/xm0E3g",label:"Sepsis",children:[{type:"question",id:"U40biT",label:"Recognize hospital-acquired pneumonia and sepsis, and choose the most appropriate initial antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ar0Qfh",label:"Recognize sepsis secondary to a decubitus ulcer, and choose the initial management step.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/050eig",label:"Hydrocarbon toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"4ia374",label:"Recognize carbon tetrachloride toxicity, and recall its mechanism of cellular injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/b50Hig",label:"Syncope",children:[{type:"question",id:"8M0Oqg",label:"Recognize situational syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BM0zIg",label:"Recognize autonomic dysfunction as a cause of orthostatic syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yM0drg",label:"Recognize vasovagal syncope.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cu0aJ3",label:"Recognize hypovolemic orthostatic syncope, and recall the expected laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c_aaMM",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/350SPg",label:"Dengue",children:[{type:"question",id:"GOaBFk",label:"Recognize dengue hemorrhagic fever, and recall its causal pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/l50v4g",label:"Rare neurological diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"4o03XS",label:"Recognize adrenoleukodystrophy, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gXaFxQ",label:"Recognize adrenoleukodystrophy, and recall the deficient protein involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/F50gNg",label:"Pleural effusion",children:[{type:"question",id:"h5acPO",label:"Recognize congestive heart failure as a cause of transudative pleural effusion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"tdaX7j",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and recall the concept of gonadal mosaicism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"03aeS4",label:"Recognize phenylketonuria, and recall the concept of pleiotropy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/eM0xng",label:"Collection of dermatological disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"yxYd_r",label:"Recognize Waardenburg syndrome, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/fM0kLg",label:"Intravenous fluid therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"9P0NST",label:"Recognize indicators of inadequate fluid resuscitation, and recall the expected urine output for adequate end-organ perfusion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Wx0PvR",label:"Recognize septic shock in a child, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/PM0WKg",label:"Puberty",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wq0PxS",label:"Recognize McCune-Albright syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/lM0vKg",label:"Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"So0yYS",label:"Recognize von Gierke disease, and recall the deficient enzyme.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3o0SbS",label:"Recognize classic galactosemia, and choose the dietary modification to prevent its long-term complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jA0_ji",label:"Recognize Pompe disease, and recall the deficient enzyme.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dYaoLQ",label:"Recognize classic galactosemia, and recall the associated metabolite accumulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iXaJBQ",label:"Recognize von Gierke disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U6ab4l",label:"Recognize galactosemia due to galactokinase deficiency, and recall the steps of galactose metabolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"gw0FRR",label:"Recognize ankylosing spondylitis, and choose the appropriate pre-medication screening test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/tM0Xqg",label:"Congenital immunodeficiency disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"u0ap3Q",label:"Recognize deletion in chromosome 22q11.2.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"3RaS54",label:"Recognize meningococcemia, and recall the role of lipooligosaccharide in its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/On0Itg",label:"Introduction to geriatrics",children:[{type:"question",id:"I8aYLm",label:"Recall the main risk factor for future falls in older individuals.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/aL0Qwg",label:"Viral hemorrhagic fevers",children:[{type:"question",id:"18a2lm",label:"Recognize hantavirus infection, and recall its associated clinical features.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/qL0CAg",label:"Folate deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"bn0H7g",label:"Recognize folate deficiency 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illnesses",children:[{type:"question",id:"qL0CAg",label:"Recognize heatstroke, and choose the most appropriate cooling modality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"do0oaS",label:"Recognize exertional heatstroke.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qo0ubS",label:"Recognize nonexertional heatstroke, and recall its underlying pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8DaOT5",label:"Recognize heat exhaustion, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/zL0rZS",label:"Acid-base disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"gm0FUg",label:"Recognize metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation, and recall the causes of high anion gap acidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0K0eUS",label:"Recall the acid-base disorders and arterial blood gas findings in aspirin toxicity",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D901pR",label:"Recall the acid-base disorder and laboratory findings caused by excessive nasogastric 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compensation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dvao_m",label:"Recognize mixed metabolic and respiratory alkalosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Zo0Z0S",label:"Nocardiosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"eR0xNf",label:"Recognize disseminated nocardiosis in an immunocompromised patient, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Yo0n0S",label:"Pericarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"SQ0yvf",label:"Recognize tuberculosis as a cause of constrictive pericarditis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/1o02aS",label:"HIV-associated conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"CL0q-g",label:"Recognize HIV-related encephalopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Wo0PaS",label:"Differences (disorders) of sex development",children:[{type:"question",id:"0J0esS",label:"Recognize Klinefelter syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nr0-hh",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its hormonal findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r_0fpi",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"00aeeQ",label:"Recognize Turner syndrome, and recall its implications on fertility.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/2o0TYS",label:"Polymyalgia rheumatica",children:[{type:"question",id:"t80Xo3",label:"Recognize polymyalgia rheumatica, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9taNfm",label:"Recognize polymyalgia rheumatica, and recall its association with giant cell arteritis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/4o03XS",label:"Lipid disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"sE0tC3",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for severe hypertriglyceridemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GWaB5j",label:"Recognize type III familial hyperlipidemia, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gSaF_P",label:"Recognize abetalipoproteinemia, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uiapt4",label:"Recognize tendinous xanthomas, and recall the associated serum lipid abnormality.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Lo0wcS",label:"The cell",children:[{type:"question",id:"t6aX5l",label:"Recognize Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, and recall the defective protein involved.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/oo001S",label:"Nucleotides, DNA, and RNA",children:[{type:"question",id:"EMa8qO",label:"Recall the cell organelle that contains circular double-stranded DNA.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/ro0fWS",label:"Connective tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"Gu0Bs3",label:"Recognize scurvy, and recall its effect on collagen synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Ao0ReS",label:"Vitamins",children:[{type:"question",id:"TJ06tS",label:"Recognize symptoms of riboflavin deficiency, and recall its diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EXa8-Q",label:"Recall the clinical manifestations of vitamin A deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6dajIj",label:"Recognize calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, and recall the metabolic consequences of vitamin C toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GdaBrj",label:"Recognize vitamin B2 deficiency, and recall its biochemical marker.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Fdag7j",label:"Recognize biotin deficiency, and recall its effects on carboxylase enzymes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"STayJP",label:"Recognize osteomalacia, and recall the initial step in vitamin D synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zSarX4",label:"Recognize vitamin E deficiency, and recall its neurological manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bKaHUl",label:"Recognize the clinical manifestations of vitamin C deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/dK0o2S",label:"Lysosomal storage diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"Po0WXS",label:"Recognize Tay-Sachs disease, and recall the enzyme deficiency it involves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_-05-i",label:"Recognize Niemann-Pick disease, and recall the substance that accumulates in this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8eaO0P",label:"Recognize Gaucher disease, and recall the deficient enzyme.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ia584",label:"Recognize mucolipidosis type II, and recall the substance that accumulates in serum.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AkaRqk",label:"Recognize Tay-Sachs disease, and recall the metabolite that accumulates.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oma0gO",label:"Recognize Krabbe disease, and recall the enzyme deficiency it involves.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/FK0gRS",label:"Amino acids",children:[{type:"question",id:"8MaOqO",label:"Recall the substrates and enzymes of the urea cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jpa_6l",label:"Recognize branched-chain organic acidemia, and recall its associated laboratory finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/8K0ORS",label:"Proteins and peptides",children:[{type:"question",id:"OcaIcj",label:"Recall the activation mechanism of trypsinogen by enteropeptidase.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/X609jS",label:"Principles of nutrition",children:[{type:"question",id:"HDaKf5",label:"Recall the common nutritional deficiencies associated with a vegan diet.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/L60wlS",label:"Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation",children:[{type:"question",id:"gUaFcP",label:"Recall the caloric value of macronutrients, and calculate the macronutrient requirement for a patient on specialized nutrition support.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/y60dnS",label:"Carbohydrates",children:[{type:"question",id:"yaadMQ",label:"Recognize diabetic cataracts, and recall the role of aldose reductase in their pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/cp0aoS",label:"Eye and orbit",children:[{type:"question",id:"PTaWIP",label:"Recognize",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/gp0FKS",label:"Laboratory methods",children:[{type:"question",id:"_Sa5X4",label:"Recall the steps of a polymerase chain reaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Sp0yKS",label:"Trace elements",children:[{type:"question",id:"4t03d3",label:"Recall the clinical features of zinc deficiency, and choose the appropriate treatment for its associated alopecia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZD0Z1R",label:"Recognize clinical features of zinc deficiency, and recall its etiologies.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Qp0u6S",label:"Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"OTaIIP",label:"Recall the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in gluconeogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YManMO",label:"Recall the location of the HMP shunt pathway in the cell.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/7p04IS",label:"Miscellaneous mosquito-borne diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"d7aokN",label:"Recognize Chikungunya virus infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V8aGlm",label:"Recall the typical prognosis of West Nile virus infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Zq0ZCS",label:"Carbon monoxide toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"bS0Hy2",label:"Recognize carbon monoxide poisoning, and choose the appropriate therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BS0zbf",label:"Recognize chronic cerebral hypoxia due to carbon monoxide poisoning.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lcaw1j",label:"Recognize carbon monoxide poisoning, and choose the most effective intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MeaMzj",label:"Recognize carbon monoxide poisoning, and recall its effect on cellular respiration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Oq0IAS",label:"Hypernatremia",children:[{type:"question",id:"qu0CH3",label:"Recognize osmotic diuresis due to hyperglycemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jx0_wR",label:"Choose the initial management for severe hypovolemia with hypernatremia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/5q0i_S",label:"Toxic shock syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lh0wef",label:"Recognize toxic shock syndrome, and recall its association with menstruation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Buaztm",label:"Recognize staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, and recall its pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/rq0f-S",label:"Anaphylaxis",children:[{type:"question",id:"_z05vi",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for anaphylaxis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/wq0h0h",label:"Salicylate poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"uH0pHh",label:"Recognize salicylate toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/UI0bXh",label:"Hypercalcemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"1J02GS",label:"Recognize hypercalcemia due to immobilization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"q70C5h",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for symptomatic hypercalcemia due to excessive bone resorption.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/lI0v1h",label:"Hypokalemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"SraygN",label:"Recognize hypokalemia on an ECG, and recall its causes related to purging behaviors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kuamrm",label:"Recognize metabolic alkalosis due to vomiting, and recall the associated electrolyte disturbance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/pr0LRh",label:"Fever of unknown origin",children:[{type:"question",id:"GyaBgM",label:"Recognize fever of unknown origin, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/P70WNh",label:"Tick-borne 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appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/lH0vqh",label:"Q fever",children:[{type:"question",id:"IIaYVN",label:"Recognize acute Q fever, and recall its causal pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Os0IEh",label:"Military medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"GHaB7N",label:"Choose the initial intervention for a battlefield casualty with massive hemorrhage.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/9G0NY3",label:"Hepatic encephalopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Rw0liR",label:"Recognize hepatic encephalopathy, and choose the correct management to address precipitating factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Ut0b13",label:"Central venous access",children:[{type:"question",id:"OO0IsT",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step after central venous catheter insertion.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Pt0Wd3",label:"Diabetic foot",children:[{type:"question",id:"_905JR",label:"Recognize diabetic foot ulcers, and recall the role of nonenzymatic glycation in their pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/yt0dT3",label:"Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis",children:[{type:"question",id:"CF0q43",label:"Recognize cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A6aRnl",label:"Recognize cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/_t05T3",label:"Behcet disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"6F0jQ3",label:"Recognize Behcet disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/nF07i3",label:"Stimulant intoxication and withdrawal",children:[{type:"question",id:"dLao9O",label:"Recognize a sympathomimetic toxidrome, and recall the mechanism of action of recreational sympathomimetics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/KF0UQ3",label:"Toxic alcohol poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"vM0Aqg",label:"Recognize methanol poisoning, and choose the appropriate antidote.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"po0L1S",label:"Recognize ethylene glycol toxicity, and recall its laboratory findings and complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tba6GQ",label:"Recognize ethylene glycol toxicity, and recall its metabolic products.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/qF0CQ3",label:"Psychiatric drug poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ux0bDR",label:"Recognize tricyclic antidepressant overdose, and recall its effect on cardiac conduction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lnavtO",label:"Recognize lithium toxicity, and recall drug interactions that can precipitate it.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/EF08P3",label:"Overview of fungal infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"MVaMEj",label:"Recognize rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis, and recall its associated risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OkaILk",label:"Recognize disseminated histoplasmosis, and recall its risk factors and presentation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WHaP6N",label:"Recognize disseminated histoplasmosis, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/d80ol3",label:"Envenomation",children:[{type:"question",id:"BvazX5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for a patient with moderate crotaline snake envenomation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/h80cm3",label:"Alcohol use disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"q9YCor",label:"Recognize alcoholic ketoacidosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/Q80um3",label:"Sedative-hypnotic drug overdose",children:[{type:"question",id:"yEadym",label:"Recognize barbiturate overdose, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Rf0lN2/N80-53",label:"Infant nutrition and breastfeeding",children:[{type:"question",id:"OfaImP",label:"Recognize the nutritional needs of exclusively breast-fed infants, and recall the risk of vitamin D 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intervention.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Vf0GO2",label:"Blood & Lymphoreticular Systems",children:[{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Kf0UM2",label:"Malaria",children:[{type:"question",id:"330SRf",label:"Choose the appropriate antimalarial drug for pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R30lRf",label:"Recognize symptoms of malaria, and recall the causative organism of falciparum malaria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i30JRf",label:"Recognize severe malaria, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x60EMS",label:"Recognize malaria, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E4a8Ok",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of falciparum malaria, and recall its resistance to chloroquine.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D4a1lk",label:"Recognize the need for malaria prophylaxis in pregnant women traveling to endemic areas, and choose the appropriate medication for pre-exposure prophylaxis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-4aDNk",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for severe malaria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xoaEVl",label:"Recognize relapse of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale malaria, and recall the concept of dormant liver stage hypnozoites.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Ff0gL2",label:"Helminth infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"S_0yni",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia due to chronic blood loss, and recall the causative agent of hookworm infection.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Af0RK2",label:"Poisoning",children:[{type:"question",id:"vPaAgk",label:"Recognize cyanide poisoning, and recall the mechanism of nitrite therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"mWaVNj",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its hematological 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mechanism of its pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Ka3gl",label:"Recognize Burkitt lymphoma, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/mT0Vr2",label:"Hodgkin lymphoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"st0tU3",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and recall the mechanism of paraneoplastic hypercalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tt0X23",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and recall its characteristic cell surface markers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9t0Nf3",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and recall factors predicting its prognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V4aGRk",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OHaIqN",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and recall factors associated with an unfavorable prognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A8aR6m",label:"Recognize Hodgkin lymphoma, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/5T0ir2",label:"Multiple myeloma",children:[{type:"question",id:"_t05T3",label:"Recognize Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XF09g3",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma, and recall its association with infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gF0Fh3",label:"Recognize plasma cell dyscrasia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SF0yh3",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SbayGQ",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yWadLj",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma, and recall its characteristic peripheral blood smear finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KfaUMP",label:"Recognize Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x4aElk",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"etaxcm",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yDadS5",label:"Recognize monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/oT0072",label:"Mycosis fungoides",children:[{type:"question",id:"FKagRl",label:"Recognize S\xe9zary syndrome, and recall its associated cell type.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/KT0U72",label:"Splenomegaly",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ig0Y92",label:"Recognize hypersplenism as a cause of thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yOadEk",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and recall the cause of splenomegaly in this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/6T0j72",label:"Anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"NK0-gS",label:"Recognize Diamond-Blackfan anemia and its association with triphalangeal thumb.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5K0iSS",label:"Recognize drug-induced aplastic anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_605nS",label:"Recognize aplastic anemia, and recall its bone marrow biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E9086R",label:"Recognize an adverse effect of isoniazid as a cause of sideroblastic anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-90DJR",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in managing anemia of chronic disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XQa9u4",label:"Recognize anemia of chronic disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"64aj4k",label:"Recognize aplastic anemia, and recall the laboratory value that is physiologically increased in response to anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p4aL4k",label:"Recognize pure red cell aplasia, and recall its association with thymic tumors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J4as4k",label:"Recognize beta thalassemia with extramedullary hematopoiesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZkaZmk",label:"Recognize aplastic anemia, and recall its bone marrow biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vkaApk",label:"Recognize aplastic anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hHacJN",label:"Recognize anemia of chronic disease, and recall its findings on iron studies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wzahEM",label:"Recognize beta thalassemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/pT0L72",label:"Iron deficiency anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"VJ0GGS",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia, and choose the initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QJ0uFS",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia, and recall its hematological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G90BKR",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia associated with pica, and recall the diagnostic finding indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0C0eqR",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jC0_7R",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia in infants, and recall its dietary risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1y02Vi",label:"Recognize Plummer-Vinson syndrome, and recall its associated clinical findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e2axgP",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gkaFMk",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia, and recall the diagnostic finding indicative of its most common cause in adults.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JlasBk",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PuaWrm",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/rT0fH2",label:"Hemolytic anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZT0Z62",label:"Recognize intravascular hemolysis due to exertional hemoglobinuria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aT0Q62",label:"Recognize intravascular hemolytic anemia due to aortic stenosis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"miaVH4",label:"Recognize macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and recall its associated laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8jaOXk",label:"Recognize fragmentation hemolysis in aortic stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cjaqck",label:"Recognize hemoglobin C disease, and recall its molecular basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jOa_Hk",label:"Recognize hemolytic anemia in a newborn, and recall the role of ATP in erythrocyte metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cFaaSm",label:"Recognize macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ADaRS5",label:"Recognize pyruvate kinase deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/7T04H2",label:"Hereditary spherocytosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Of0Im2",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nf0-m2",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and choose the most effective step to prevent complications of this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6p0jqS",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2J0TtS",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and recall its molecular defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fJ0ktS",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dq010h",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis with folate deficiency, and choose the appropriate supplementation to prevent anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8iaOt4",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis with folate deficiency, and choose the appropriate supplementation to prevent oropharyngeal symptoms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fQakv4",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and recall its molecular pathology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yjan_4",label:"Recognize hereditary spherocytosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/HT0KH2",label:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"bJ0HsS",label:"Recognize drug-induced hemolysis, and recall the enzyme deficiency associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"K70U5h",label:"Recognize drug-induced hemolytic anemia, and recall the role of reduced glutathione in red blood cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xB0E1i",label:"Recognize drug-induced hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency, and recall contraindicated medications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5aaiOQ",label:"Recognize hemolytic anemia, and recall the pathophysiology of G6PD deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CVaq9j",label:"Recognize G6PD deficiency, and recall its effect on cellular processes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TQa6v4",label:"Recognize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and recall its mode of inheritance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zOarEk",label:"Recognize glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and recall the role of transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/GT0BH2",label:"Sickle cell disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mf0M52",label:"Recognize vasoocclusive painful crisis in sickle cell disease, and recall the associated peripheral blood smear findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nf0752",label:"Recognize sickle cell trait, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lf0w52",label:"Choose the most appropriate intervention to reduce the recurrence of vasoocclusive episodes in patients with sickle cell disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"of00M2",label:"Recognize avascular necrosis in a patient with sickle cell disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jh0sUf",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease as a cause of priapism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cj0qcT",label:"Recognize parvovirus B19 infection in sickle cell disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4p03pS",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy for a febrile patient with sickle cell disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L90wLR",label:"Recognize vasoocclusive crisis in sickle cell disease, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic step.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YC0nqR",label:"Recognize osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease, and recall the common causal organism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bC0HqR",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease-related acute ischemic stroke, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WC0PIR",label:"Recognize the increased risk of infection with encapsulated organisms in sickle cell disease, and choose the appropriate vaccination to prevent such infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oC00GR",label:"Recognize splenic sequestration crisis in sickle cell disease, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uXap-Q",label:"Recognize sickle cell trait, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IUaYeP",label:"Recognize osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease, and recall its common causal organisms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U2abSP",label:"Recognize infarction of bone trabeculae due to sickle cell disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-2aD4P",label:"Recognize Streptococcus pneumoniae in sickle cell disease sepsis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"R3alR4",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MiaMH4",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease treatment, and recall the cell cycle phase affected by hydroxyurea.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qiaCs4",label:"Recognize essential thrombocythemia, and recall the mechanism of action of hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JQasC4",label:"Recognize the heterozygous advantage of sickle cell trait, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sQatx4",label:"Recognize sickle cell vaso-occlusive episodes, and recall the indications for hydroxyurea use.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xPaESk",label:"Recognize the presentation of hemoglobinopathy, and recall the interpretation of hemoglobin electrophoresis results.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"94aNlk",label:"Recognize transient aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, and recall its common viral cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qwaui5",label:"Recognize vasoocclusive crisis in sickle cell disease, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hyacUM",label:"Recognize splenic sequestration crisis in a patient with sickle cell disease, and choose the most appropriate acute management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5yaifM",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease, and choose the appropriate management in a newborn.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/tT0Xs2",label:"Thalassemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"DK01iS",label:"Recognize beta thalassemia minor, and choose the appropriate management strategy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"960NMS",label:"Recognize alpha thalassemia intermedia (HbH disease), and recall the characteristic laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kC0mHR",label:"Recognize beta thalassemia, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yeanxj",label:"Recognize α-thalassemia minor, and recall its genetic cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"q4aC4k",label:"Recognize beta thalassemia minor.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/8T0Os2",label:"Hemostasis and bleeding disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"RC0l7R",label:"Recognize impaired activation of factor VII due to vitamin K deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tx0XyR",label:"Recognize malabsorption syndrome, and recall the expected coagulation factor deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f-0k9i",label:"Recall the coagulation pathways, and recognize the laboratory findings associated with factor VII deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GiaBG4",label:"Recognize hemophilia, and recall the affected coagulation pathway.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UQabv4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to reverse tPA-induced coagulopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ja51k",label:"Recall the role of gamma-glutamyl carboxylase in coagulation, and recall the effects of vitamin K deficiency on coagulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cPaadk",label:"Recall the role of von Willebrand factor in platelet adhesion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"K5aUOO",label:"Recognize intracerebral hemorrhage as a complication of thrombolytic therapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/uT0ps2",label:"Hemophilia",children:[{type:"question",id:"gJ0FtS",label:"Recognize hemarthrosis in a young child, and recall the expected coagulation study findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NC0-HR",label:"Recognize hemophilia, and recall its associated complication in joints.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eia8t4",label:"Recognize hemophilia as an X-linked recessive bleeding disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"viaAt4",label:"Recognize hemophilia A, and recall the deficient clotting factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2QaTv4",label:"Recognize hemarthrosis in a child, and recall the diagnostic finding of the most likely underlying coagulation disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ltavdm",label:"Recognize hemophilia A, and recall its associated coagulation factor deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M9YMLr",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for hemophilia B after head trauma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/xT0EG2",label:"Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura",children:[{type:"question",id:"QF0u33",label:"Recognize thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jF0_33",label:"Recognize thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PF0WR3",label:"Recognize thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FF0gP3",label:"Recognize thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rmafSO",label:"Recognize hereditary thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and recall its characteristic laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"36aSkl",label:"Recognize thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/lg0vv2",label:"Chronic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"Dw01OR",label:"Recognize uremic platelet dysfunction, and recall its association with chronic kidney disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n2a7RP",label:"Recognize decreased erythropoietin production in chronic kidney disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dja1ck",label:"Recognize uremia, and recall its hematological findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Mg0MD2",label:"Nephrotic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"zaarMQ",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and recall its association with hypercoagulability.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/WS0PA2",label:"Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin",children:[{type:"question",id:"v-0A_i",label:"Recognize sickle cell disease, and recall its characteristic peripheral blood smear findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tea6yj",label:"Recall the effect of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate on oxygen delivery to tissues.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kiam74",label:"Recall the composition and oxygen affinity of fetal hemoglobin (HbF).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vQaAB4",label:"Recall the unique metabolic pathways of red blood cells, and recall the location of the TCA cycle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GPaBTk",label:"Recall factors that cause a right shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9PaNSk",label:"Recall the role of heme oxygenase in the breakdown of hemoglobin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CPaqSk",label:"Recall the role of mitochondria in heme synthesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qlau9k",label:"Recall the chloride shift mechanism, and recall its effect on erythrocyte ion concentrations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cmaaeO",label:"Recall the impact of anemia on oxygen transport and delivery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J6asNl",label:"Recognize X-linked sideroblastic anemia, and recall the first step of heme synthesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/3S0Sz2",label:"Pancreatic cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"bFaHgm",label:"Recognize Trousseau syndrome as a paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/jS0_z2",label:"Jaundice and cholestasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ul0bwT",label:"Recognize increased formation of bilirubin as a cause of jaundice.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/qS0C0f",label:"Hemochromatosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"YRanl4",label:"Recognize secondary hemochromatosis in beta-thalassemia major, and recall the associated serum finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OiaI74",label:"Recognize chronic iron overload due to recurrent blood transfusions, and recall the expected liver biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/fh0kWf",label:"Deep vein thrombosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"tsaX9N",label:"Choose the most appropriate long-term anticoagulation therapy for nonpregnant patients with proximal DVT.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/gh0FWf",label:"Chronic venous disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"rD0ffR",label:"Recognize stasis dermatitis, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/oh00Uf",label:"Pulmonary embolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"NQa-w4",label:"Recognize pulmonary embolism, and choose the most appropriate anticoagulant mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Bh0zTf",label:"Splenic injuries",children:[{type:"question",id:"oh00Uf",label:"Choose the appropriate management for a hemodynamically stable patient with splenic injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n407PT",label:"Recognize splenic injury, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uqapZN",label:"Recognize splenic rupture as a complication of infectious mononucleosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zDarS5",label:"Recognize splenic infarction, and choose the most appropriate next step in treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/hR0c5f",label:"Antiphospholipid syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"f1akTj",label:"Recognize antiphospholipid syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KGaUZm",label:"Recognize antiphospholipid syndrome, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6GajZm",label:"Recognize antiphospholipid syndrome, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/vR0AKf",label:"Inborn errors of metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"zearYP",label:"Recognize orotic aciduria, and recall the affected enzymatic reaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Ki0Usf",label:"Renal cell carcinoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"cZaa0Q",label:"Recall intraabdominal anatomy, and the route of hematogenous metastates in renal cell carcinoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/5Q0i9f",label:"Osteonecrosis of the femoral head",children:[{type:"question",id:"w2ahPP",label:"Recognize avascular necrosis in sickle cell disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/R40lQT",label:"Neonatal jaundice",children:[{type:"question",id:"7Sa4a4",label:"Recognize physiological neonatal jaundice.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/i40JQT",label:"Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn",children:[{type:"question",id:"v3aA44",label:"Recognize hemolytic disease of the newborn, and recall its associated physical findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-3aDO4",label:"Recognize hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn, and recall its immunological cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/G40BkT",label:"Fifth disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"e4axRk",label:"Recognize parvovirus B19 infection, and recall its cellular tropism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/v40AOT",label:"Asplenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"F7agnN",label:"Choose the most appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis for asplenic patients undergoing low-risk dental procedures.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/mk0VoT",label:"Porphyrias",children:[{type:"question",id:"oA00ki",label:"Recognize porphyria cutanea tarda, and recall its associated porphyrin accumulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yA0dmi",label:"Recognize porphyria cutanea tarda, and recall the enzyme deficiency it involves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5fai5P",label:"Recognize porphyria cutanea tarda, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LPaw2k",label:"Recognize acute intermittent porphyria, and recall the enzyme inhibited by hemin and glucose treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d6aoPl",label:"Recognize acute intermittent porphyria, and recall the enzyme deficiency it involves.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/8l0OAT",label:"Arterial blood gas analysis",children:[{type:"question",id:"OaaIkQ",label:"Recognize severe anemia as a cause of dyspnea.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/BN0zWg",label:"Non-opioid analgesics",children:[{type:"question",id:"nia7H4",label:"Recognize Glanzmann thrombasthenia, and recall the mechanism of action of celecoxib.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Ym0nVg",label:"Second-line lipid-lowering agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"3caSXj",label:"Recognize niacin-induced gout, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Um0bUg",label:"Antiplatelet agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"8QaOB4",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of eptifibatide, and recognize Glanzmann thrombasthenia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/2m0TUg",label:"Parenteral anticoagulation",children:[{type:"question",id:"6QajC4",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to rapidly reverse heparin-induced coagulopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Tm06Ug",label:"Oral anticoagulants",children:[{type:"question",id:"wN0hWg",label:"Choose the appropriate management for anticoagulation reversal prior to emergency surgery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xx0EAR",label:"Choose the treatment for warfarin-induced retroperitoneal hemorrhage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xz09ri",label:"Recognize warfarin-induced skin necrosis, and recall its pathogenesis related to vitamin K-dependent factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pQaLC4",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation requiring anticoagulation, and recall the mechanism of action of dabigatran.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tQaXB4",label:"Recognize warfarin-induced skin necrosis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VkaG5k",label:"Recall the laboratory findings associated with factor Xa inhibitor therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0OaeIk",label:"Recognize atrial fibrillation treatment, and recall the mechanism of warfarin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"M5aMkO",label:"Recognize warfarin therapy for mechanical valve replacement, and recall the laboratory parameter to monitor dosing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/4m03fg",label:"Chemotherapeutic agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"z-0r-i",label:"Recall the adverse effects of vinblastine.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/km0mfg",label:"Glucocorticoids",children:[{type:"question",id:"8t0O23",label:"Recognize glucocorticoid effects on immune cells, and recall the expected laboratory change.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/mm0VTg",label:"Overview of antibiotic therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"YT0n62",label:"Recognize pancytopenia with likely bone marrow insufficiency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OK0IgS",label:"Recognize medication side effect as a cause of neutropenia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xhaET4",label:"Recall the side effects of antibiotics used to treat bacterial meningitis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/pm0Lgg",label:"Antiviral agents",children:[{type:"question",id:"5WaiNj",label:"Recognize ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia, and recall its mechanism of action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Fm0ghg",label:"Antithyroid drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"oE0093",label:"Recognize drug-induced agranulocytosis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gYaFoQ",label:"Recognize drug-induced agranulocytosis, and choose the most appropriate initial action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/350SPg",label:"Dengue",children:[{type:"question",id:"TS06_2",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of dengue fever, and choose the most effective preventive measure for travelers to endemic areas.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"j50_Pg",label:"Recognize a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/x50Emg",label:"Adaptive immune system",children:[{type:"question",id:"N4a-jk",label:"Recognize features indicative of monoclonal lymphocyte proliferation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/eM0xng",label:"Collection of dermatological disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Z8aZOm",label:"Recognize cat-scratch disease, and recall its infectious agent.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/2M0TLg",label:"Transfusion",children:[{type:"question",id:"y3adO4",label:"Recognize the risk of transfusion-related cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients, and choose the red blood cell preparation that most significantly reduces this risk.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/tM0Xqg",label:"Congenital immunodeficiency disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"3NaSaO",label:"Recognize an anaphylactic transfusion reaction, and recall its association with IgA deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/gn0Fsg",label:"Transplantation",children:[{type:"question",id:"qcaCWj",label:"Recall the effects of allogeneic bone marrow transplant on karyotype.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"xy0Ehi",label:"Recognize subacute endocarditis, and recall the characteristics of Viridans streptococci.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"V7aGkN",label:"Recognize Chikungunya, and recall its mode of transmission.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/ln0vtg",label:"Basics of hematology",children:[{type:"question",id:"j0a_fQ",label:"Recognize the effects of drugs used to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2daT6j",label:"Recognize systemic mastocytosis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"O4aIjk",label:"Recognize the effect of erythropoietin on erythropoiesis, and recall the composition of reticulocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"96aNMl",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for chemotherapy-induced severe febrile neutropenia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Ln0wFg",label:"Laboratory medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"Oy0I2i",label:"Recall the effects of glucocorticoids on white blood cell count.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/In0Yug",label:"General bacteriology",children:[{type:"question",id:"jla_9k",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation, and recall the typical blood culture findings in gram-negative sepsis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/aL0Qwg",label:"Viral hemorrhagic fevers",children:[{type:"question",id:"0raefN",label:"Recognize Ebola virus disease, and recall its transmission route.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/LL0wyg",label:"Budd-Chiari syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"080eO3",label:"Recognize hepatic vein obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"scatdj",label:"Recognize hepatic vein obstruction as a cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/qL0CAg",label:"Folate deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"emaxeO",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis associated with hyperhomocysteinemia, and recall the expected serum findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/rL0f_g",label:"Hemolytic uremic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"T3063f",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Escherichia coli infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g30F3f",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome, and choose the most appropriate management for acute kidney injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S30y3f",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NYa-6Q",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bkaHmk",label:"Recognize hemolytic uremic syndrome, and recall its hematological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"46a3Ol",label:"Recognize Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and recall its associated platelet glycoprotein deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KDaU25",label:"Recognize Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/bo0H0S",label:"Hypercoagulable states",children:[{type:"question",id:"ef0xO2",label:"Recognize antithrombin III deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OE0ID3",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis, and recall the genetic mutation associated with activated protein C resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zQarA4",label:"Recognize deep vein thrombosis, and recall the genetic mutation associated with activated protein C resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8kaOpk",label:"Recognize Factor V Leiden mutation, and recall its thrombotic complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Xo090S",label:"Zika virus infection",children:[{type:"question",id:"kh0mVf",label:"Recognize congenital Zika syndrome, and choose the most effective prenatal preventive measure against this virus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/do0oaS",label:"Cervical lymphadenopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"sQ0txf",label:"Recognize acute unilateral cervical lymphadenitis, and choose the most appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BDazg5",label:"Recognize acute bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy following an upper respiratory tract infection, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/io0JbS",label:"Disseminated intravascular coagulation",children:[{type:"question",id:"-j0D1T",label:"Recognize trauma-induced coagulopathy, and choose the most appropriate transfusion strategy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QE0uv3",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cWaa4j",label:"",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0PaeWk",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and recall its diagnostic blood smear findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YPanWk",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XPa9Wk",label:"Recognize disseminated intravascular coagulation, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/4o03XS",label:"Lipid disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"H5aKlO",label:"Recognize familial hyperchylomicronemia, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/po0L1S",label:"Gene expression and transcription",children:[{type:"question",id:"8UaOUP",label:"Recognize β-thalassemia minor, and recall the role of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins in mRNA processing.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Fo0gdS",label:"Preterm labor and birth",children:[{type:"question",id:"9D0NgR",label:"Recognize anemia of prematurity, and recall its primary cause.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"5rai3N",label:"Recognize erysipelas, and recall the embryological origin of affected tissues.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Ao0ReS",label:"Vitamins",children:[{type:"question",id:"_da5sj",label:"Recall the indications for isotretinoin use, and recall the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/960NMS",label:"Lymphatic system",children:[{type:"question",id:"I0aYhQ",label:"Recall the lymphatic drainage of the lower extremity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Op0IpS",label:"Thoracic cavity",children:[{type:"question",id:"89YO6r",label:"Distinguish a mediastinal lymphoma from other causes of mediastinal masses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/uJ0pDS",label:"Oncologic emergencies",children:[{type:"question",id:"U30b3f",label:"Recognize tumor lysis syndrome, and choose the most appropriate preventive measure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Zq0ZCS",label:"Carbon monoxide toxicity",children:[{type:"question",id:"vjaAXk",label:"Recognize carbon monoxide poisoning, and recall its effect on hemoglobin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/8q0OZh",label:"Immune thrombocytopenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"r40fkT",label:"Recognize immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QO0uHT",label:"Recognize immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eC0xIR",label:"Recognize immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test for secondary causes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ghaFW4",label:"Recognize immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and recall its bone marrow biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CGaqYm",label:"Recognize secondary immune thrombocytopenia associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/_q05ah",label:"Maternal complications during pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"5xaiC5",label:"Recognize gestational thrombocytopenia, and choose the most appropriate follow-up care.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Vr0GTh",label:"Acute chest syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"UxabD5",label:"Recognize acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Fr0gQh",label:"Von Willebrand disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"AJ0R9S",label:"Recognize von Willebrand disease, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v90A6R",label:"Recognize von Willebrand disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"daaojQ",label:"Recognize von Willebrand disease, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/vr0AQh",label:"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia",children:[{type:"question",id:"7T04H2",label:"Recognize heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and choose the appropriate non-heparin anticoagulant therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uT0ps2",label:"Recognize heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"px0LxR",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for nonimmune heparin-associated thrombocytopenia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OB0Iai",label:"Recognize heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/X7094h",label:"Transfusion reactions",children:[{type:"question",id:"850ONg",label:"Recognize acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TXa6xQ",label:"Recognize acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D6a1Ml",label:"Recognize transfusion-related acute lung injury, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"L7awmN",label:"Recognize febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction, and choose the most effective measure to prevent this complication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WvaP_m",label:"Recognize acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, and choose the most appropriate immediate action.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/g70FOh",label:"Intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"pHaLrN",label:"Choose empiric antimicrobial therapy for catheter-related bloodstream infections.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/P70WNh",label:"Tick-borne diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"-zaDvM",label:"Recognize babesiosis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/mH0VIh",label:"Louse- and flea-borne diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"icaJXj",label:"Recognize bubonic plague, and recall its natural reservoirs.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/zH0rGh",label:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria",children:[{type:"question",id:"vf0AL2",label:"Recognize paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"riafG4",label:"Recognize paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KjaUYk",label:"Recognize paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/-H0DGh",label:"Autoimmune hemolytic anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"-f0DK2",label:"Recognize autoimmune hemolytic anemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yj0d1T",label:"Recognize autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ww0hOR",label:"Recognize cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia, and recall its associated laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZC0ZqR",label:"Recognize warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"acaQaj",label:"Recognize cold agglutinin disease, and recall the diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"znarDO",label:"Recognize autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and recall its common predisposing factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/Rs0luh",label:"Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vq0GxS",label:"Recognize gestational diabetes mellitus as a cause of neonatal polycythemia and seizures.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"b70H4h",label:"Recognize decreased protein S as a cause of DVT in COC users.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Vf0GO2/j80_m3",label:"Methemoglobinemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"HVaKDj",label:"Recognize methemoglobinemia, and recall its cause in the context of inhaled nitric oxide therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FPaggk",label:"Recognize methemoglobinemia, and recall its arterial blood gas findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y8anOm",label:"Recognize methemoglobinemia, and recall the role of cytochrome b5 reductase in erythrocytes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b8aHOm",label:"Recognize acquired methemoglobinemia, and choose the appropriate alternative treatment when methylene blue is contraindicated.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Of0Im2",label:"Social Sciences",children:[{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/_f05K2",label:"Hospital-acquired infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"MWaMNj",label:"Recognize the need for single-occupancy room isolation for multidrug-resistant organisms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"claaDk",label:"Choose the most effective measure for MRSA decolonization in asymptomatic carriers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/7i04Gf",label:"Urinary tract infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"Suayqm",label:"Choose the most appropriate intervention to reduce the risk of urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to spinal cord injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/WQ0PEf",label:"Infection prevention and control",children:[{type:"question",id:"_Ka5Ql",label:"Choose the most effective measure to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s8atLm",label:"Recognize ventilator-associated pneumonia, and choose the most effective measure to prevent this condition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"auaQpm",label:"Recognize central-line associated bloodstream infection, and choose the most effective measure to reduce its incidence.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/lP0vUT",label:"Trauma- and stressor-related disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ms0Mvh",label:"Recognize normal bereavement, and choose the appropriate empathetic response to assess for self-harm.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/mP0V2T",label:"Child maltreatment",children:[{type:"question",id:"PjaW0k",label:"Recognize signs of child maltreatment, and choose the appropriate authority to notify.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qIaCdN",label:"Recognize signs of potential sexual abuse in a child, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/nP072T",label:"Personality disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"GBaBXM",label:"Recognize and address splitting behavior in patients with borderline personality disorder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/tP0XgT",label:"Sleep and sleep disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"pbbLuH",label:"Choose the most appropriate acute intervention for addressing sleep deprivation in a medical resident.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/vP0AgT",label:"Death",children:[{type:"question",id:"sL0t_g",label:"Recognize the clinical criteria for brain death, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u1apij",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial action to address a patient's request for assistance in ending life due to uncontrolled pain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AJaR9l",label:"Choose the most appropriate action when facing a disagreement over life-sustaining measures in brain death.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"buaHpm",label:"Recognize the clinical criteria for brain death, and recall when no further diagnostic workup is indicated.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"REalvm",label:"Recognize the ethical considerations in pronouncing death and obtaining consent for postmortem procedures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gCaFr5",label:"Choose the initial step in managing a potential brain death diagnosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AAYRm7",label:"Choose the most appropriate documentation for a patient who does not wish to be intubated in the future.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OzYIG7",label:"Choose the most appropriate protocol for handling do-not-resuscitate orders in an operative setting.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/3O0SHT",label:"Normal labor and delivery",children:[{type:"question",id:"l8av5m",label:"Choose the most appropriate counseling approach for patients considering home birth with risk factors.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/DO01uT",label:"Principles of medical law and ethics",children:[{type:"question",id:"22aTSP",label:"Recognize the physician's ethical obligation to refer patients when personal beliefs prevent providing requested care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uJapDl",label:"Recognize the principle of justice in resource allocation during epidemics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xqa9Cl",label:"Recognize the need to respect parental autonomy and provide information to address concerns about opioid use in pediatric patients.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/xN0EWg",label:"Principles of pain management",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ml0MxT",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy adjustment for chronic cancer pain management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/gn0Fsg",label:"Transplantation",children:[{type:"question",id:"T506jg",label:"Recognize the current absolute contraindications for organ donation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/3n0SGg",label:"Overview of palliative medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"9M0NIg",label:"Recognize advanced dementia with poor prognosis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3oaSbl",label:"Recognize eligibility criteria for hospice care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2raTgN",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in managing severe pain for a terminally ill patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lsavEN",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in management for a pediatric patient with a poor prognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G8aBLm",label:"Choose the most appropriate non-oral form of analgesia for chronic cancer-related pain management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"huacIm",label:"Recall the primary eligibility criterion for hospice care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZCaZq5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for terminal dyspnea in end-stage cancer patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RBal0M",label:"Choose medications to discontinue in end-of-life care based on patient comfort and prognosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/3K0STS",label:"Patient communication and counseling",children:[{type:"question",id:"II0YVh",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to counsel a patient after pregnancy loss.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yy0d3i",label:"Recognize the need to discuss opioid use concerns with patients directly.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Caaq5Q",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial response to a patient expressing despair.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TVa6Fj",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial response to address substance use with a patient in the precontemplation stage.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o2a0iP",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to support a patient with a chronic illness.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VNaGZO",label:"Recognize the stages of behavioral change, and choose an appropriate motivational interviewing technique.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zJar9l",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial response to address a patient's emotional distress.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bqaHCl",label:"Recognize the importance of shared decision-making in patient-physician communication, and choose the most appropriate response to assess patient understanding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nua77m",label:"Choose the most appropriate approach to communicating with patients who have limited English proficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J9aso5",label:"Recognize the need to obtain patient consent before discussing personal health information in the presence of bystanders.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pxaLx5",label:"Recognize cultural influences on health beliefs, and choose an appropriate initial response to explore the patient's understanding of their illness.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_bb5wH",label:"Choose the most appropriate approach to communicating with a patient who has limited English proficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/Np0-pS",label:"Health care system",children:[{type:"question",id:"LLawyO",label:"Choose the health insurance plan that allows referrals and out-of-network provider visits.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KLaUAO",label:"Recognize a capitation payment model.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ksamEN",label:"Recognize the characteristics of a bundled payment health care model.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lGavzN",label:"Recognize when a patient is eligible for Medicaid.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Luaw7m",label:"Recognize the healthcare disparity caused by inequitable allocation of healthcare resources.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TEa6Em",label:"Recognize the effects of a fee-for-service payment model on healthcare utilization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lCavH5",label:"Recognize the need for prior authorization for elective procedures with HMO insurance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KBYUb7",label:"Recognize social determinants of health as a major contributor to health disparities.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/mp0VJS",label:"Quality improvement",children:[{type:"question",id:"ipaJ6l",label:"Recognize the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) cycle as a model for quality improvement.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OsaIEN",label:"Recognize the concept of resource stewardship in healthcare.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ktamdm",label:"Recognize the importance of closed-loop communication to minimize medical errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7ua4sm",label:'Recognize the "Do" phase in the PDSA cycle as the next step after planning.',children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QEauvm",label:"Choose the most appropriate conflict management strategy in a healthcare team setting.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Daj25",label:"Recognize the type of quality measurement based on the Donabedian model.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9DaNg5",label:"Choose the appropriate quality control tool to assess changes in clinical practice over time.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"z9arJ5",label:"Recognize the importance of communicating critical information and recommendations for anticipated events during patient handoffs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CBaq1M",label:"Recognize the need for interprofessional communication to address potential healthcare fragmentation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SBYyZ7",label:'Recognize the requirements for the "Study" phase in a PDSA cycle.',children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oYb0JH",label:"Choose a SMART goal to enable behavioral change.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/yq0dah",label:"Patient safety",children:[{type:"question",id:"wv0hXR",label:"Recognize the characteristics of an active error in the clinical setting.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Jx0sxR",label:"Choose the most appropriate way to disclose a medical error to a patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TLa6CO",label:"Recognize the use of root cause analysis to identify errors after an adverse event.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Roalbl",label:"Recognize the importance of standardized patient handoffs to prevent medical errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3paS6l",label:"Recall the definition of availability bias in clinical decision-making.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rpal6l",label:'Recognize the definition and examples of "never events" in healthcare.',children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Qpau6l",label:"Recognize the importance of using a checklist to prevent medical errors during procedures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-paDHl",label:"Recognize the need to involve the patient in the surgical site verification process.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DJa1wl",label:"Recognize the role of effective communication in preventing medical errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1qa2xl",label:"Recognize the concept of alert fatigue as a cause of medical errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VqaGxl",label:"Recognize the role of computerized provider order entry in preventing medication errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5qai_l",label:"Recognize the importance of standardization to prevent delays in test result follow-up.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uHapHN",label:"Recognize the importance of disclosing medical errors to patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ctaqfm",label:"Recognize how to write a prescription clearly and accurately.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RFal3m",label:"Recognize and address breaches in sterile technique to ensure patient safety.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j8a_mm",label:"Recognize the role of root cause analysis in preventing recurrence of medical errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P8aW5m",label:"Recognize the use of failure mode and effects analysis to evaluate potential risks of healthcare initiatives.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oua0Hm",label:"Recognize the use of forcing functions to prevent medication errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KuaUHm",label:"Recognize a sharp end error (active error).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"puaLHm",label:"Recognize the impact of EHR copy/paste functionality on documentation errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IuaYsm",label:"Recognize the importance of conducting a time-out immediately prior to surgery to prevent wrong-site surgery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ruafsm",label:"Recognize the value of usability testing of new medical devices to prevent workarounds and medical errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uuapGm",label:"Recall the concept of framing bias in patient communication.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wuahtm",label:"Recall the effects of standardization and training on process reliability.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Eaj9m",label:"Recognize the need to use two patient identifiers before medical interventions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pEaL9m",label:"Recall the purpose and process of morbidity and mortality reviews.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gvaFzm",label:"Recall the definition of commission bias in clinical decision-making.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bwaHh5",label:"Recognize the common causes of inpatient cardiac telemetry-related errors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"t9aX65",label:"Recall the concept of premature closure in medical decision-making.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6CajG5",label:"Recognize the need for timely verbal communication of critical imaging results between providers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xxaEA5",label:"Recognize the role of a social worker in multidisciplinary discharge planning.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SBayZM",label:"Recognize the concept of latent errors in healthcare systems.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vBaAcM",label:"Recognize the role of on-site pharmacy preparation and labeling in maximizing patient safety with multidose vials.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wxYhAr",label:"Choose the most appropriate human factors intervention to a prevent prescribing errors due to alert fatigue.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fBYkZ7",label:"Choose the most effective intervention to decrease the risk of readmission.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gyYFe7",label:"Recognize the elements of an effective handover of patient care after a procedure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RyYlU7",label:"Choose the most appropriate intervention to decrease prescribing errors in a pediatric setting.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/l70vNh",label:"Approach to the agitated or violent patient",children:[{type:"question",id:"3uaSIm",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step after sedating an agitated patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CDaqg5",label:"Recognize strategies for ensuring personal safety and deescalating aggressive behavior in patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VBaG-5",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in managing an agitated and violent patient not responding to deescalation techniques.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/UH0bph",label:"Communication during residency",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Yb36H",label:"Choose the most appropriate approach to engage with family members who disagree on a discharge plan.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/jH0_Jh",label:"Grief and end-of-life counseling",children:[{type:"question",id:"8G0Oa3",label:"Recognize the SPIKES protocol for delivering serious news to patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"i1aJgj",label:"Recognize the use of open-ended questions to initiate discussions about a patient's prognosis with family members.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FuagGm",label:"Choose the most appropriate statement for a physician to make when pronouncing death in the presence of family members.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"exaxv5",label:"Recognize the need to take a spiritual history in hospice care.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/gs0F8h",label:"Managing chronic conditions",children:[{type:"question",id:"saatNQ",label:"Recognize the importance of addressing medication adherence in a nonjudgmental manner.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3EaSvm",label:"Choose an intervention to improve therapy adherence in adolescent patients with chronic illnesses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/Rs0luh",label:"Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"iBaJ0M",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to address parental conflict regarding a child's medical condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/uG0pa3",label:"Opioid overdose",children:[{type:"question",id:"vaaAmQ",label:"Recognize opioid overdose, and recall the most common causative agent.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"Er08Qh",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for a sexually active minor requesting contraception.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XZa9ZQ",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to a minor requesting contraception.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/cF0aS3",label:"Challenging clinical and ethical scenarios",children:[{type:"question",id:"cO0arT",label:"Choose the most appropriate management in the absence of an advance directive or appropriate surrogate decision-maker.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sp0tIS",label:"Recognize exceptions to the requirement for parental consent in pediatric emergencies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ot00e3",label:"Recognize how to honor a patient's advance directive regarding intubation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8x0OyR",label:"Recognize when to seek a court order for life-saving treatment in pediatric patients against parental wishes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fB0kZi",label:"Recognize the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality in interactions with colleagues.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gB0FZi",label:"Recognize the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality, and choose the most appropriate response to family inquiries.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"K-0Uyi",label:"Choose the most appropriate action when addressing surrogate decision-making without a living will.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P0aWTQ",label:"Recognize the legal requirement to report certain infectious diseases, like HIV, to public health authorities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"waah5Q",label:"Recognize the importance of interviewing adolescent patients in private.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9aaN5Q",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to address a patient's frustration with waiting.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AXaR0j",label:"Recognize the treatment for gonorrhea and confidentiality rights for minors seeking sexual health services.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3WaSOj",label:"Recognize the need to explore a patient's understanding of their medication preferences.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B3azk4",label:"Recognize signs of potential substance use disorder, and choose the appropriate initial step in managing a patient's medication request.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HmaKSO",label:"Recognize the rights of emancipated minors to consent for their own medical care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vmaAhO",label:"Recognize when to breach patient confidentiality due to potential harm to others.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zmarRO",label:"Recognize patient autonomy in decision-making, and choose the appropriate response respecting their wishes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2LaTCO",label:"Recognize the ethical approach to treating minors in emergency situations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gLaFCO",label:"Recognize the ethical boundaries regarding romantic relationships with current patients.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QLauxO",label:"Choose the most appropriate action regarding informed consent for invasive procedures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jLa_xO",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to a patient offering a valuable gift.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kLamBO",label:"Recognize the need to obtain patient consent before releasing medical information.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lLavBO",label:"Recognize the requirements of EMTALA for emergency medical screening and treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nLa7yO",label:"Recognize the need to explain vasectomy benefits, alternatives, and complications for informed consent.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oLa0AO",label:"Recognize the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality when approached by colleagues.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pLaLAO",label:"Recognize when a patient's decision-making capacity is impaired by intoxication, and choose the appropriate response to ensure patient safety.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n6a7ll",label:"Recognize the ethical principle of beneficence in emergency medical situations involving minors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5paiJl",label:"Recognize the minimum necessary requirement for disclosing protected health information under HIPAA.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2JaTtl",label:"Recognize the primacy of a patient's autonomy and decision-making capacity in directing their medical care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wJahwl",label:"Recognize the legal authority of a living will in end-of-life care decisions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xJaEwl",label:"Recognize when it is inappropriate to prescribe medication to friends or family.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BJazwl",label:"Recognize when minors can consent to STI treatment without parental notification.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-JaD9l",label:"Recognize ethical guidelines for physician-industry relationships, and choose the appropriate response to potential conflicts of interest.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UqabBl",label:"Choose the most appropriate action when parents refuse a recommended vaccination for their child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lqavAl",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to respect patient autonomy and confidentiality in family matters.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mqaV_l",label:"Recognize the physician's responsibility regarding a patient's driving capacity and public safety.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9qaN0N",label:"Recognize the appropriate protocol for disclosing patient information as a medical student.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8HaOHN",label:"Recognize the hierarchy of surrogate decision-makers in organ donation when advance directives are absent.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"csaaFN",label:"Recognize the obligations under EMTALA to screen and stabilize emergency medical conditions.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6tajem",label:"Choose the most appropriate response to parental requests for confidential testing on a minor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ptaLem",label:"Recognize adolescents' rights to consent for STI treatment and confidentiality, and choose the appropriate management for gonococcal infection.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Fa4jm",label:"Recognize the patient's right to medical disclosure, and choose the appropriate response to family requests for nondisclosure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tFaXPm",label:"Recognize a patient's right to withdraw from a clinical trial at any time.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a8aQOm",label:"Recognize the importance of addressing medical errors through professional communication, and choose the appropriate steps to disclose such errors to the patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p8aLnm",label:"Choose the most appropriate action when a family member requests medical treatment from a physician relative.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6uajHm",label:"Recognize vaccination hesitancy concerns, and choose an empathetic approach to address them.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"suatsm",label:"Recognize the need to reassess decision-making capacity in patients with cognitive impairment and schizophrenia, and choose the appropriate response to confirm their understanding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tuaXGm",label:"Recognize signs of intimate partner violence, and choose the appropriate resources to offer the patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gEaFEm",label:"Recognize when to initiate treatment in a pediatric emergency without parental consent.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OEaIDm",label:"Recognize when to reject a patient's request for nonindicated tests based on beneficence and nonmaleficence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lEavDm",label:"Recognize inappropriate patient behavior, and choose the appropriate response to maintain a professional environment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nEa7wm",label:"Recognize professional misconduct, and choose the appropriate authority to report it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oEa09m",label:"Recognize the need for informed consent for additional procedures discovered intraoperatively, and choose the appropriate next step when consent is not given.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BEazBm",label:"Recognize the principle of nonmaleficence in patient care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E9a865",label:"Recognize the ethical principles violated by physician misconduct.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eBax-5",label:"Recognize the need for informed consent regarding medical student participation in patient care.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2BaTZM",label:"Recognize the ethical implications of personal relationships with patients' family members.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6BajbM",label:"Recognize the ethical obligation to maintain accurate medical records.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KyYUT7",label:"Choose the most appropriate management when a patient's urgent care needs conflict with their advance directive or surrogate's wishes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/Z80ZO3",label:"Older adult abuse",children:[{type:"question",id:"q8aCnm",label:"Recognize signs of elder neglect, and choose the appropriate agency to contact.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/080eO3",label:"Intimate partner violence",children:[{type:"question",id:"4La3BO",label:"Recognize the need to assess patient safety in cases of intimate partner violence.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/7u04s3",label:"Capacity, competence, and consent",children:[{type:"question",id:"uj0pXT",label:"Recognize a patient's right to informed refusal of treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fM0kLg",label:"Recognize the principles of informed consent and respect the autonomy of an adult patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ty06ei",label:"Recognize the need to address patient concerns and assess decision-making capacity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ny0-2i",label:"Recognize exceptions to parental consent for minors in emergency situations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"heacAj",label:"Recognize components of decision-making capacity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6LajAO",label:"Choose the most appropriate action for obtaining consent when a patient lacks decision-making capacity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PCaWH5",label:"Recognize the components of decision-making capacity and respect patient autonomy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VZbG0H",label:"Choose the most appropriate action when an adolescent patient\xa0wishes\xa0to stop treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/Hu0Ks3",label:"Ethics of communicating medical information",children:[{type:"question",id:"zparHl",label:"Recognize actions that constitute a violation of HIPAA's privacy and security rules.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NGa-zN",label:"Recognize the conditions under which a patient's medical records can be released according to HIPAA.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/su0ts3",label:"Medical professionalism and codes of conduct",children:[{type:"question",id:"QuauIm",label:"Choose the most appropriate initial action when suspecting a colleague of substance use disorder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Of0Im2/wu0ht3",label:"Chronic noncancer pain management",children:[{type:"question",id:"KBaUbM",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step after unexpected urine drug screening results.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/if0JN2",label:"Renal & Urinary Systems",children:[{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/YT0n62",label:"Gout and hyperuricemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"I6aYml",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for gout prevention in patients with underexcretion of uric acid.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/dT0op2",label:"Systemic lupus erythematosus",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mx0MCR",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus, and recall its renal biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/eT0xp2",label:"Systemic sclerosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"pt0Le3",label:"Recognize scleroderma renal crisis, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/fT0kJ2",label:"Vasculitides",children:[{type:"question",id:"s5atlO",label:"Recognize polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), and recall its characteristic histopathological finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/5T0ir2",label:"Multiple myeloma",children:[{type:"question",id:"aF0Qg3",label:"Recognize multiple myeloma, and recall its renal complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/_T05t2",label:"Arginine vasopressin disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"LE0ww3",label:"Recognize diabetes insipidus, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m-0VBi",label:"Recognize nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and recall its site of dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_aa5MQ",label:"Recognize nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as an adverse effect of lithium therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UVabFj",label:"Recognize central diabetes insipidus post-neurosurgery, and recall the effect of ADH on urine concentration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"graFgN",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/zT0rt2",label:"Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion",children:[{type:"question",id:"eE0xu3",label:"Recognize syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and choose the most appropriate initial management for severe hyponatremia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/jg0_E2",label:"Hyperglycemic crises",children:[{type:"question",id:"f70kOh",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall its arterial blood gas findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8aaOmQ",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall its effects on renal physiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/kg0mv2",label:"Diagnostic evaluation of the kidney and urinary tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"dq0oxS",label:"Recognize decreased renal perfusion due to dehydration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w0ahRQ",label:"Recognize the relationship between creatinine clearance and serum creatinine concentration, and recall the normal serum creatinine range.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OXaIyQ",label:"Recognize pyelonephritis, and recall the associated urinary finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Og0Iv2",label:"Acute kidney injury",children:[{type:"question",id:"VM0Gng",label:"Recognize prerenal acute kidney injury, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CE0qB3",label:"Choose the most appropriate management to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in a patient at risk.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xv09A3",label:"Recognize intrinsic acute kidney injury, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jv0_-3",label:"Recognize acute tubular necrosis as a cause of acute kidney injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kv0mZR",label:"Recognize postoperative oliguria, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lv0vZR",label:"Recognize hypovolemia as a cause of acute kidney injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Lv0w0R",label:"Recognize contrast-induced nephropathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4z03Gi",label:"Recognize volume depletion as a cause of prerenal acute kidney injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ObaIFQ",label:"Recognize the polyuric phase of acute kidney injury, and recall its associated electrolyte abnormalities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mcaV1j",label:"Recognize acute pancreatitis-induced AKI, and recall the renal structures susceptible to ischemic injury.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GRaBo4",label:"Recognize severe dehydration, and recall the expected urine findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8IaOeN",label:"Recognize prerenal acute kidney injury, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EIa8eN",label:"Recognize ischemic acute tubular necrosis, and recall its urinalysis findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/lg0vv2",label:"Chronic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"sw0t4R",label:"Recognize erythropoietin therapy as a cause of hypertension in ESRD.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"e_0xMi",label:"Recall the diagnostic findings of chronic kidney disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qraCRN",label:"Recognize chronic kidney disease, and recall its effect on glomerular filtration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/mg0VD2",label:"Glomerular diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"maaVOQ",label:"Recognize nephritic syndrome, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Mg0MD2",label:"Nephrotic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"3S0Sz2",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and recall its associated urinalysis finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sp0yKS",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome in a child, and recall the expected renal biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mp0VJS",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome associated with hepatitis B, and recall the expected renal biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SG0yAh",label:"Recognize systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephropathy, and recall its renal biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hG0c_h",label:"Recognize membranous nephropathy associated with lung cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iG0J_h",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome in an HIV-positive patient, and recall the expected kidney biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C0aqRQ",label:"Recognize membranous nephropathy, and recall the associated serologic marker.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0YaenQ",label:"Recognize membranous nephropathy associated with lung cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SYayoQ",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and recall its associated laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xba9HQ",label:"Recognize minimal change disease, and recall its urinalysis findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ubapvQ",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and recall its urinalysis findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sXatzQ",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome in children, and recall the expected kidney biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"O6aIOl",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and recall the histological findings of its common cause in Hispanic populations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ta2cm",label:"Recognize minimal change disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dva1X5",label:"Recognize bilateral acute renal vein thrombosis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hxYcwr",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome, and choose the most appropriate management in children.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/ng07D2",label:"Nephritic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"370Slh",label:"Recognize rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WG0Pyh",label:"Recognize salt retention in nephritic syndrome secondary to lupus nephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fG0kAh",label:"Recognize pulmonary-renal syndrome, and recall the diagnostic finding of Goodpasture syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MaaMOQ",label:"Recognize pulmonary-renal syndrome, and recall the associated autoantibody.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Ya2LQ",label:"Recognize rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, and recall its characteristic biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xHaEsN",label:"Recognize poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and recall its urinalysis findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Lg0wD2",label:"Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"3p0S6S",label:"Recognize nephritic syndrome, and recall its underlying immunopathology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cYaaLQ",label:"Recognize poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and recall the associated serologic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JYasJQ",label:"Recognize nephritic syndrome, and recall its association with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OgaIvP",label:"Recognize poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8KaORl",label:"Recognize poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and recall its renal biopsy findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Jg0sw2",label:"Tubulointerstitial diseases",children:[{type:"question",id:"Vl0GDT",label:"Recognize analgesic nephropathy, and recall the effect of NSAIDs on prostacyclin production.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5p0iJS",label:"Recognize complicated pyelonephritis, and recall its complications affecting the renal papilla.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TG06Ah",label:"Recognize allergic interstitial nephritis, and recall its typical urinary findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QG0u_h",label:"Recognize allergic interstitial nephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jG0__h",label:"Recognize crystal-induced acute kidney injury, and recall its common causes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4G03zh",label:"Recognize acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MG0M-h",label:"Recognize renal papillary ischemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nG07-h",label:"Recognize allergic interstitial nephritis due to drug hypersensitivity, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xy09di",label:"Recognize allergic interstitial nephritis, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gbaFGQ",label:"Recognize allergic interstitial nephritis, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ybadwQ",label:"Recognize analgesic nephropathy, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0caeaj",label:"Recognize renal papillary necrosis due to NSAID use.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eua8Gm",label:"Recognize crystal-induced acute kidney injury, and recall its prevention and management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/qg0Cw2",label:"Nephrolithiasis",children:[{type:"question",id:"s40tkT",label:"Recognize a uric acid kidney stone, and recall the associated urinary pH finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Dk01JT",label:"Recognize urolithiasis with a large ureteral stone, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Vp0GoS",label:"Recognize cystinuria, and recall the diagnostic finding on urinalysis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ar0RPh",label:"Recognize nephrolithiasis in pregnancy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kx0UxR",label:"Choose the most appropriate dietary recommendation to prevent recurrence of calcium oxalate kidney stones.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6x0jxR",label:"Recognize the presentation of a kidney stone, and recall the most common type of stone composition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XB09zR",label:"Recognize calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, and recall its association with Crohn disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dB0o-R",label:"Recognize uric acid stones, and choose the appropriate treatment for urine alkalinization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1Xa2CQ",label:"Recognize symptoms of a uric acid kidney stone, and recall the characteristic urinalysis findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GXaBzQ",label:"Choose the appropriate dietary modification for a patient with calcium nephrolithiasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2caTbj",label:"Recognize calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, and choose the most effective step to prevent recurrence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8caOVj",label:"Recognize nephrolithiasis, and recall the laboratory findings associated with the most common type of urinary stones.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AcaRUj",label:"Recognize nephrolithiasis, and recall the role of citrate in stone prevention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b1aH2j",label:"Recognize cystinuria, and recall its associated defect in amino acid transport.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jVa_8j",label:"Recognize struvite stones, and recall their strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KgaUwP",label:"Recognize cystinuria, and recall its diagnostic urine findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nia-74",label:"Recall the characteristics of calcium oxalate kidney stones.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"NOa-sk",label:"Recognize struvite stones, and recall their composition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DNa1WO",label:"Recognize calcium phosphate nephrolithiasis, and choose the appropriate pharmacotherapy to prevent recurrence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o6a0Nl",label:"Recognize a ureteral stone.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_ra5PN",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for an uncomplicated ureteral stone measuring < 10 mm.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D7a1LN",label:"Recognize nephrolithiasis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wvahX5",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to facilitate ureteral stone passage.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/WS0PA2",label:"Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin",children:[{type:"question",id:"wIahUN",label:"Recall the components needed to calculate renal oxygen delivery, and recall the relationship between hematocrit, renal plasma flow, and renal blood flow.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/5h0ief",label:"Tuberculosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"BxYzAr",label:"Recognize urogenital tuberculosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/9h0NTf",label:"Retroperitoneal fibrosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"zqaraN",label:"Recognize retroperitoneal fibrosis as a cause of bilateral hydronephrosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/3R0S5f",label:"Fibromuscular dysplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"C40qlT",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia, and recall the expected laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6zajFM",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Oi0I7f",label:"Congenital anomalies of the kidneys",children:[{type:"question",id:"taaXmQ",label:"Recognize a horseshoe kidney, and recall its developmental mechanism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/li0v7f",label:"Polycystic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"UF0bh3",label:"Recognize autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic 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outlet obstruction as a cause of hydronephrosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Wajmj",label:"Recognize bilateral hydronephrosis due to post-surgical adhesions, and recall its effect on intrarenal pressures.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eva8b5",label:"Recognize urethral stricture, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Mi0MHf",label:"Abnormalities of the male urethra and webbed penis",children:[{type:"question",id:"X509ig",label:"Recognize lower urinary tract obstruction due to posterior urethral valves in a newborn, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kp0UqS",label:"Recognize Potter sequence, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Ki0Usf",label:"Renal cell carcinoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"l40vjT",label:"Recognize renal cell carcinoma, and recall its origin in the kidney.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pN0LXg",label:"Recognize renal cell carcinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Vu0GJ3",label:"Recognize renal cell carcinoma, and recall its associated genetic changes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Hu0Ks3",label:"Recognize the signs suggestive of renal cell carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic imaging.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FA0gli",label:"Recognize renal oncocytoma characteristics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/6i0jsf",label:"Urinary tract cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"l50v4g",label:"Recognize asymptomatic microhematuria with risk factors for urothelial carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZE0Z83",label:"Recognize muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"90aNRQ",label:"Recognize urothelial carcinoma, and recall its risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hiacr4",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of bladder cancer, and recall factors indicating poor prognosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tla6wk",label:"Recognize urothelial carcinoma, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qmaCgO",label:"Recognize transitional cell urothelial carcinoma, and recall its primary risk factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vFaAPm",label:"Recognize nonmuscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer, and choose the best initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FEagxm",label:"Recognize the presentation of painless gross hematuria, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic evaluation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/pi0Lsf",label:"Benign prostatic hyperplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Wu0PJ3",label:"Recognize benign prostatic hyperplasia, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nu0773",label:"Choose the pharmacotherapy for benign prostatic hyperplasia that decreases prostate size and PSA levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YKanUl",label:"Recognize benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Ji0ssf",label:"Prostate cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"du0oJ3",label:"Recognize the effects of continuous GnRH agonist therapy on hormone levels in prostate cancer treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ME0Mw3",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance action for prostate cancer screening in a patient with relevant risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wxahA5",label:"Recognize post-radical prostatectomy monitoring, and choose the most appropriate study for disease recurrence.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/7i04Gf",label:"Urinary tract infections",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sj0y-f",label:"Recognize cystitis, and recall its most 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appropriate antibiotic therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3baStQ",label:"Recognize catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and recall the characteristics of Proteus mirabilis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Hi0KGf",label:"Pyelonephritis",children:[{type:"question",id:"yQ0dAf",label:"Recognize pyelonephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dj0ozf",label:"Recognize acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ej0xzf",label:"Recognize the signs of acute pyelonephritis, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Uj0b-f",label:"Recognize acute pyelonephritis, and choose the most appropriate outpatient management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ij0JZT",label:"Recognize complicated pyelonephritis, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lbavFQ",label:"Recognize ascending bacteria from the bladder as a cause of pyelonephritis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kXamyQ",label:"Recognize acute pyelonephritis, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ceaaBj",label:"Recognize benign prostatic hyperplasia, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MxaMC5",label:"Recognize when to escalate care for persistent pyelonephritis symptoms, and choose the appropriate diagnostic imaging.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/9i0NFf",label:"Genitourinary trauma",children:[{type:"question",id:"_j051T",label:"Recognize posterior urethral injury, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tm0Xhg",label:"Recognize suspected renal trauma in the setting of blunt abdominal trauma, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic imaging.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u50pNg",label:"Recognize genitourinary trauma in the context of pelvic fracture with gross hematuria, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E508Ng",label:"Recognize initial hematuria as indicative of urethral origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xaaE5Q",label:"Recognize the association between lower rib fractures and adjacent organ injury, and recall the most likely injury with a left 12th rib fracture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2KaTfl",label:"Recognize tearing of the posterior urethra.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yvadc5",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for a hemodynamically stable patient with a kidney laceration and no major renal injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Ci0qFf",label:"Urinary retention",children:[{type:"question",id:"y40dNT",label:"Recognize benign prostatic enlargement as a cause of acute urinary retention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1ca2Yj",label:"Recognize neurogenic bladder due to pelvic trauma, and recall the function of pelvic splanchnic nerves.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"11a2fj",label:"Recognize spastic neurogenic bladder, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sFatjm",label:"Recognize acute urinary retention, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/yi0d8f",label:"Urge incontinence",children:[{type:"question",id:"9r0Njh",label:"Recognize increased detrusor muscle activity as a cause of urge incontinence.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ju0_I3",label:"Recognize urge incontinence, and choose the mechanism of action for its pharmacologic treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g-0F9i",label:"Recognize urge incontinence in multiple sclerosis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Ai0R8f",label:"Stress incontinence",children:[{type:"question",id:"zr0rPh",label:"Recognize urethral hypermobility as a cause of stress 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muscle.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/0Q0euf",label:"Proteinuria",children:[{type:"question",id:"Tp06KS",label:"Choose the most appropriate follow-up for transient proteinuria in a child.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"480353",label:"Recognize orthostatic proteinuria, and recall its association with posture.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mYaVpQ",label:"Recognize nephritic syndrome, and recall the characteristics of nonselective glomerular proteinuria.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/VP0GdT",label:"Cellular changes and adaptive responses",children:[{type:"question",id:"UPabVk",label:"Recognize hydropic degeneration, and recall its underlying mechanism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k5am4O",label:"Recognize splenic infarction, and recall the associated type of necrosis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/fP0kVT",label:"Amyloidosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"7F04j3",label:"Recognize nephrotic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis, and recall the role of serum amyloid A.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/HP0KTT",label:"Elimination disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"GwaB45",label:"Recognize secondary enuresis, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Hk0K6T",label:"Gonorrhea",children:[{type:"question",id:"QKauTl",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for gonorrhea during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/4O03sT",label:"Rhabdomyolysis and crush syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"kHamqN",label:"Recognize statin-induced rhabdomyolysis, and choose the most appropriate preventive measure for acute kidney injury.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/2l0TwT",label:"Renal tubular disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Mp0MJS",label:"Recognize renal tubular acidosis type 1, and recall its underlying defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5C0isR",label:"Recognize type 4 renal tubular acidosis (RTA).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bcazej",label:"Recognize type 1 renal tubular acidosis, and recall drugs that can cause it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MPaM2k",label:"Recognize type 4 renal tubular acidosis, and recall its common causes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IOaYFk",label:"Recognize Bartter syndrome, and recall the mechanism of action of loop diuretics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"X6a9jl",label:"Recognize Gitelman syndrome, and recall the affected renal structure.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z-aZDM",label:"",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"araQfN",label:"Calculate plasma clearance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/HN0Kcg",label:"Parasympathomimetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"FgagCP",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for neurogenic bladder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/zN0rdg",label:"Lithium",children:[{type:"question",id:"IH0Y7h",label:"Recognize lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/1m02eg",label:"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors",children:[{type:"question",id:"hv0c-3",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A0aRiQ",label:"Recall the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on renal physiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rWaf5j",label:"Recall the effects of angiotensin receptor blockers on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wTahGP",label:"Recall the indications and mechanism of action of angiotensin II receptor blockers.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/gm0FUg",label:"Diuretics",children:[{type:"question",id:"1A02ii",label:"Recognize hypokalemia due to diuretic therapy, and choose a 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prevent hemorrhagic cystitis in patients receiving cyclophosphamide.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/7m04Sg",label:"Antidiabetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"mdaVqj",label:"Recognize the effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors on renal glucose clearance.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/xm0E3g",label:"Sepsis",children:[{type:"question",id:"rk0f6T",label:"Recognize postoperative sepsis, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/S50yjg",label:"Renal replacement therapy",children:[{type:"question",id:"Pv0WZR",label:"Recognize uremic symptoms secondary to renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ov0IZR",label:"Recognize chronic kidney disease, and recall its leading cause of death.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/550ikg",label:"Postoperative management",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sv0yz3",label:"Recognize postoperative delirium likely due to urinary retention, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/qM0Cpg",label:"Immunosuppressants",children:[{type:"question",id:"IlaYyk",label:"Recognize tacrolimus toxicity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/EM08qg",label:"Hydrocephalus",children:[{type:"question",id:"4703Nh",label:"Recognize normal pressure hydrocephalus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/gn0Fsg",label:"Transplantation",children:[{type:"question",id:"wE0hB3",label:"Choose the best long-term treatment to improve quality of life and survival in patients with end-stage renal disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WOaPrk",label:"Recognize chronic transplant rejection, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Sn0ysg",label:"Bacteria overview",children:[{type:"question",id:"t_0XJi",label:"Recall the virulence factors of uropathogenic E. coli, and recall their role in urinary tract infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GfaBnP",label:"Recognize a urinary tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and recall its virulence factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hQacD4",label:"Recognize Staphylococcus saprophyticus as a urinary tract infection pathogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Pn0Wtg",label:"General virology",children:[{type:"question",id:"5daiqj",label:"Recognize acute hemorrhagic cystitis, and recall the features of adenoviruses.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/nL07yg",label:"Botulism",children:[{type:"question",id:"4Pa3Uk",label:"Recall the organism that produces botulinum toxin, and recall its microbiological characteristics.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/9L0N-g",label:"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"_Xa50j",label:"Recognize diabetes mellitus as a cause of hyaline arteriolosclerosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Q5auPO",label:"Recognize hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis due to severe hypertension.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/CL0q-g",label:"IgA nephropathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"ip0J6S",label:"Recognize Berger disease (IgA nephropathy), and recall its characteristic renal biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n807M3",label:"Recognize renal glomerular damage as a cause of hematuria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ba3FQ",label:"Recognize Berger disease (IgA nephropathy), and recall its renal biopsy findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iuaJIm",label:"Recognize IgA nephropathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/BL0z-g",label:"Alport syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"b-0HDi",label:"Recognize Alport syndrome, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/zL0rZS",label:"Acid-base disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"eB0x-R",label:"Recognize decompensated heart failure treated with a loop diuretic, and recall the expected hormonal response to volume depletion.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U_0bni",label:"Recall the acid-base disorder associated with end-stage renal disease.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Yo0n0S",label:"Pericarditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"0E0e83",label:"Recognize uremic pericarditis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Ao0ReS",label:"Vitamins",children:[{type:"question",id:"tNaX1O",label:"Recognize squamous metaplasia of the bladder, and recall the clinical features of vitamin A deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/O60IOS",label:"Female reproductive organs",children:[{type:"question",id:"GaaBNQ",label:"Recognize ureteral injury post-hysterectomy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/m60VlS",label:"Kidneys",children:[{type:"question",id:"sYatqQ",label:"Recall the derivatives of the ureteric bud during fetal development.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6Kajhl",label:"Recall the embryological origin of the distal convoluted tubule, and recall the mechanism of action of hydrochlorothiazide.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/q60CNS",label:"Renal artery stenosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"w40hlT",label:"Recognize fibromuscular dysplasia as a cause of secondary hypertension, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GN0Bcg",label:"Recognize renal artery stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bA0HRi",label:"Recognize the effects of ACE inhibitors on renal function in the context of renal artery stenosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"x0aERQ",label:"Recognize renovascular hypertension, and recall its effect on the juxtaglomerular apparatus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FcagVj",label:"Recognize renal artery stenosis, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/860O5S",label:"Physiology of the kidney",children:[{type:"question",id:"B0azRQ",label:"Recall the effects of vasopressin analogs on the collecting 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the formulas for calculating renal plasma flow and cardiac output, and recall the relationship between renal blood flow and cardiac output.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aeaQxj",label:"Recall how to calculate the filtered load of urea using GFR and plasma urea concentration.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eeaxBj",label:"Recall the use of para-aminohippurate in measuring renal plasma flow, and recall its renal handling properties.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ueabyj",label:"Recall the effects of efferent arteriole constriction on renal hemodynamics.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ljawak",label:"Recall the effect of normal aging on renal function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"p6aLNl",label:"Recall the differences between creatinine and inulin clearance in estimating GFR.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/A60RnS",label:"Pelvis and hip joint",children:[{type:"question",id:"HlaKyk",label:"Recall the muscles targeted by Kegel exercises for urinary incontinence.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Up0bKS",label:"Heart",children:[{type:"question",id:"Xia9J4",label:"Recognize nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor), and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/Rp0l6S",label:"Overview of the urinary tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"tfaXLP",label:"Recognize a patent urachus due to failed obliteration of an allantoic remnant.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Efa8LP",label:"Recall the anatomy of the ureteric orifices in the bladder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/jJ0_FS",label:"Vascular physiology",children:[{type:"question",id:"iVaJ8j",label:"Recall the function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and recall its effect on renal sodium handling.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/uJ0pDS",label:"Oncologic emergencies",children:[{type:"question",id:"WXaPCQ",label:"Recognize urate nephropathy in tumor lysis syndrome, and recall the mechanism of action of uricase.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/UI0bXh",label:"Hypercalcemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ox0I9R",label:"Recognize familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/lI0v1h",label:"Hypokalemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"kx0m9R",label:"Recall the relationship between magnesium and potassium levels, and recall the causes of hypomagnesemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/-r0DPh",label:"Renal cysts",children:[{type:"question",id:"VF0GS3",label:"Recognize a simple renal cyst, and choose the most appropriate management for an asymptomatic patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/oG00Z3",label:"Urinary tract infections in children and adolescents",children:[{type:"question",id:"sP0tTT",label:"Recognize urinary tract infection in a non-toilet-trained child, and choose the most appropriate method to obtain a urine sample.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"FP0ggT",label:"Recognize urinary tract infection in a febrile child, and choose the most appropriate post-treatment investigation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"if0JN2/lt0vd3",label:"Diabetic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"5G0i-h",label:"Recognize diabetic nephropathy, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OC0IHR",label:"Choose additional antihypertensive therapy for diabetic patients with uncontrolled hypertension.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4aa3kQ",label:"Recognize diabetic nephropathy, and recall the earliest diagnostic sign.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fbakGQ",label:"Recognize diabetic nephropathy, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Z6aZjl",label:"Recognize chronic hyperglycemia as a cause of diabetic nephropathy.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Qf0uN2",label:"Endocrine System",children:[{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/XT0962",label:"Osteomalacia and rickets",children:[{type:"question",id:"YS0ny2",label:"Recognize osteomalacia, and recall its association with intestinal malabsorption.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/AT0Rt2",label:"General endocrinology",children:[{type:"question",id:"dXaoCQ",label:"Recall the function of vasopressin, and recall its transport mechanism in the CNS.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hdacpj",label:"Recall the role of neuropeptide Y in appetite regulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"TMa6LO",label:"Recognize the therapeutic use of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/_T05t2",label:"Arginine vasopressin disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ju0sH3",label:"Recognize primary polydipsia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bE0H83",label:"Recognize central diabetes insipidus, and choose the most appropriate therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KE0U93",label:"Recognize nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bx0HER",label:"Recognize nephrogenic diabetes insipidus due to hypercalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Y1an2j",label:"Recognize central diabetes insipidus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oMa0pO",label:"Recognize central diabetes insipidus, and recall its association with damage to the posterior pituitary.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/zT0rt2",label:"Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion",children:[{type:"question",id:"ln0vtg",label:"Recognize syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Iu0Ys3",label:"Recognize the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), and choose the initial treatment for nonsevere, nonacute hyponatremia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6E0j93",label:"Recognize medication-induced SIADH as a cause of hyponatremia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mZaVXQ",label:"Recognize medication effect as a cause of SIADH-related hyponatremia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pdaLIj",label:"Recognize syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/-T0Dt2",label:"Hypopituitarism",children:[{type:"question",id:"7E04C3",label:"Recall the laboratory findings of panhypopituitarism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c1aafj",label:"Recognize pituitary apoplexy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JVasvj",label:"Recognize pituitary ischemia as a cause of postpartum hypopituitarism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dKao2l",label:"Recognize Sheehan syndrome, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pGaLZm",label:"Recognize Sheehan syndrome, and recall its diagnostic imaging finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/0g0eF2",label:"Hyperprolactinemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ug0pC2",label:"Recognize a prolactinoma, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eg08C2",label:"Recognize a pituitary adenoma, and recall the hormonal sequelae.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0h0ecf",label:"Recognize hypothyroidism as a cause of galactorrhea.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zYar7Q",label:"Recognize a prolactinoma, and recall its associated findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cbaasQ",label:"Recognize that hypothyroidism can cause galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"d1aofj",label:"Recognize hyperprolactinemia, and recall the role of dopamine in prolactin regulation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UfablP",label:"Recognize a suprasellar mass effect on the pituitary stalk, and recall the hormonal changes due to decreased dopamine inhibition.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wiahF4",label:"Recognize a prolactinoma, and recall its associated hormonal changes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/ag0QF2",label:"Acromegaly",children:[{type:"question",id:"xs0ECh",label:"Recognize the clinical features of acromegaly, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bs0zCh",label:"Recognize acromegaly, and recall its cardiovascular complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BQazy4",label:"Recognize acromegaly, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sjatbk",label:"Recognize acromegaly, and recall its diagnostic finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Aa4OM",label:"Recognize the clinical features of acromegaly, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/bg0HF2",label:"Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis",children:[{type:"question",id:"vG0Aa3",label:"Recognize hyperthyroidism, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for symptom control.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"K80Un3",label:"Recognize exogenous thyrotoxicosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"J80sn3",label:"Recognize Graves disease, and choose the treatment with the lowest recurrence rate.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"D801K3",label:"Choose the appropriate long-term management for patients after radioactive iodine ablation for Graves' disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"mbaV8Q",label:"Recognize hyperthyroidism, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cXaaCQ",label:"Recognize hyperthyroidism, and choose the most appropriate initial symptom management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KVaUvj",label:"Recognize Graves disease, and recall the mechanism of radioactive iodine ablation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xja9_4",label:"Recognize exogenous levothyroxine use as a cause of hyperthyroidism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4Ha3qN",label:"Recognize Graves disease with orbitopathy, and choose the appropriate antithyroid drug therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w9ahp5",label:"Recognize thyroid storm.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/cg0a82",label:"Hypothyroidism",children:[{type:"question",id:"Zo0Z0S",label:"Recognize hypothyroidism-related cognitive dysfunction, and recall the expected laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vp0ArS",label:"Recognize congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1q02xS",label:"Recognize the clinical features of hypothyroidism, and recall the expected laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"680jn3",label:"Recognize Hashimoto thyroiditis, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7804L3",label:"Recognize hypothyroidism, and choose the appropriate treatment for its manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H80KL3",label:"Recognize pituitary adenoma as a cause of multiple hormonal deficiencies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"s80tL3",label:"Recognize hypothyroidism, and recall the associated lipid abnormality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G80BL3",label:"Recognize euthyroid sick syndrome, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GZaB1Q",label:"Recognize autoimmune thyroid disease as a cause of memory loss.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YXan9Q",label:"Recognize primary hypothyroidism treatment, and recall the expected hormonal changes post-therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dUaoXP",label:"Recognize congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid dysgenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iPaJek",label:"Recognize congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid aplasia, and recall the role of transplacental thyroxine transfer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"r7afMN",label:"Recognize myxedema coma, and choose the most appropriate hormone replacement therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IDaYf5",label:"Recognize congenital hypothyroidism, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oya0TM",label:"Recognize congenital hypothyroidism, and choose the most appropriate management for a newborn.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/1g0282",label:"Hashimoto thyroiditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"uO0p8T",label:"Recognize Hashimoto thyroiditis, and recall its serologic markers.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WK0P2S",label:"Recognize primary hypothyroidism in a pediatric patient, and recall the expected fine needle aspiration findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kVamuj",label:"Recognize Hashimoto thyroiditis, and recall its histological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PfaWmP",label:"Recognize Riedel thyroiditis, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZLaZwO",label:"Recognize Hashimoto thyroiditis, and recall its associated antibody.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/dg0o82",label:"Subacute thyroiditis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Cv0qXR",label:"Recognize subacute thyroiditis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3y0SUi",label:"Recognize De Quervain thyroiditis, and recall its histopathological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tra6gN",label:"Recognize postpartum thyroiditis, and recall its histological findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"97aNLN",label:"Recognize postpartum thyroiditis, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Vg0G82",label:"Thyroid cancer",children:[{type:"question",id:"wT0hG2",label:"Recognize papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"CT0qG2",label:"Recognize follicular thyroid carcinoma, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xT0EG2",label:"Recognize papillary thyroid carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate surgical management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ES08Yf",label:"Recognize follicular thyroid carcinoma, and choose the most appropriate surgical management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MbaM8Q",label:"Recognize medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with MEN 2A syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VXaGCQ",label:"Recognize follicular thyroid carcinoma, and recall its genetic association.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UXabxQ",label:"Recognize papillary thyroid cancer, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ePaxdk",label:"Recognize medullary thyroid carcinoma, and recall its associated tumor marker.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dBYo-r",label:"Recall the prognostic factors in thyroid cancer.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Ug0bu2",label:"Adrenal insufficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"QQ0uDf",label:"Recognize infection with acid-fast bacilli as a cause of adrenal insufficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dO0orT",label:"Recognize adrenal crisis, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"co0aaS",label:"Recognize primary adrenal insufficiency, and recall its most common cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WD0PWR",label:"Recognize primary adrenal insufficiency, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-caDUj",label:"Recognize signs of adrenal crisis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qVaCvj",label:"Recognize primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"GVaBDj",label:"Recognize acute adrenal insufficiency, and recall the expected laboratory change.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UUabcP",label:"Recognize acute adrenal insufficiency due to chronic corticosteroid use, and recall its association with hyponatremia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2maTUO",label:"Recognize autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"XLa9wO",label:"Recognize the normal response to metyrapone stimulation testing, and recall the expected change in serum ACTH.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G6aBml",label:"Recognize autoimmune destruction as a cause of primary adrenal insufficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"4ta3dm",label:"Recognize secondary adrenal insufficiency, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/2g0Tu2",label:"Primary hyperaldosteronism",children:[{type:"question",id:"N40-jT",label:"Recognize aldosteronoma in primary hyperaldosteronism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"gO0F7T",label:"Recognize primary hyperaldosteronism, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test to determine the underlying cause.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1D02WR",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for primary hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2D0TdR",label:"Recognize primary hyperaldosteronism, and choose the most appropriate confirmatory test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y0adiQ",label:"Recognize secondary hyperaldosteronism, and recall the expected histological finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G1aBRj",label:"Recognize muscle weakness associated with primary hyperaldosteronism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dfaoOP",label:"Recognize aldosteronoma as a cause of primary hyperaldosteronism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ffaklP",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lwavQ5",label:"Recognize primary hyperaldosteronism, and choose the initial diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/fg0ku2",label:"Cushing syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Yk0nmT",label:"Recognize secondary hypercortisolism, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bk0HmT",label:"Recognize ectopic ACTH production by small cell lung cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tu0XG3",label:"Recognize Cushing syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Du01t3",label:"Recognize ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Cu0qt3",label:"Recognize features of Cushing disease, and recall the expected imaging finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zy0r3i",label:"Recognize ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"IA0YOi",label:"Recognize Cushing disease, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RXalBQ",label:"Recognize Cushing disease, and recall the expected adrenal gland findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SfaylP",label:"Recognize ectopic ACTH production by small cell lung cancer.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"JKashl",label:"Recognize Nelson syndrome post-adrenalectomy, and choose the most appropriate next step in treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9zaNEM",label:"Recognize ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Tg06u2",label:"Pheochromocytoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"WS0PA2",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and recall the associated laboratory abnormality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eS0xA2",label:"Recognize pheochromocytoma, and recall its characteristic imaging finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"US0b_2",label:"Recognize pheochromocytoma, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/gg0Fu2",label:"Hyperparathyroidism",children:[{type:"question",id:"hx0cwR",label:"Recognize primary hyperparathyroidism, and choose the most appropriate management based on patient criteria for surgery.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"40a3TQ",label:"Recognize the symptoms of hypercalcemia, and recall the role of parathyroid chief cells in calcium homeostasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vcaAVj",label:"Recognize primary hyperparathyroidism, and recall its effect on bone mineral density.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DWa1nj",label:"Recognize primary hyperparathyroidism, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yFadkm",label:"Recognize primary hyperparathyroidism as a cause of acute pancreatitis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nxa-95",label:"Recognize asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism, and choose the most appropriate follow-up strategy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Sg0yu2",label:"Hypoparathyroidism",children:[{type:"question",id:"5v0i0R",label:"Recognize hypoparathyroidism due to parathyroid gland destruction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"aXaQ9Q",label:"Recognize hypoparathyroidism due to autoimmune destruction of parathyroid glands.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/hg0cE2",label:"Multiple endocrine neoplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"H30KPf",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN 2A), and choose the appropriate preoperative evaluation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1802l3",label:"Recognize MEN 1 syndrome, and recall its associated gene mutation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"f80kN3",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A, and recall its genetic basis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"by0Hdi",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), and recall the associated protein abnormality.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nba78Q",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A, and recall the diagnostic finding for pheochromocytoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KbaUuQ",label:"Recognize multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B, and recall the associated gene mutation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RyalUM",label:"Recognize MEN2, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/3g0SE2",label:"Diabetes mellitus",children:[{type:"question",id:"pP0LfT",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recall the pathophysiological role of insulin resistance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kp0mpS",label:"Recognize insulin deficiency as a cause of polyuria and glucosuria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"z90rJR",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance recommendation for diabetes mellitus screening.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YWanPj",label:"Recognize type 1 diabetes mellitus, and recall its autoimmune pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sdatrj",label:"Recognize features of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recall the diagnostic laboratory finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rVafDj",label:"Recognize maturity-onset diabetes of the young, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tVaXwj",label:"Recognize diabetic neuropathy, and recall its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ueap0P",label:"Recognize type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recall its risk factors related to lifestyle.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"u5apNO",label:"Recognize the signs of diabetes mellitus, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QMauoO",label:"Recall the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance, and recall the effect of serine kinase activity on insulin signaling.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nMa76O",label:"Recognize insulin resistance, and recall its association with elevated serum fatty acids.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wMahIO",label:"Recognize acanthosis nigricans, and recall its association with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0qaeCl",label:"Choose the most appropriate health maintenance screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus based on age and risk factors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KxaUx5",label:"Recognize the effects of sickle cell trait on hemoglobin A1c levels, and recall the implications for glycemic control assessment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"V-aGwM",label:"Choose the most appropriate addition to diabetes treatment for glycemic control.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/jg0_E2",label:"Hyperglycemic crises",children:[{type:"question",id:"Gp0BIS",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall the best indicator for its resolution.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tp0XrS",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and choose the initial management steps.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eq0xxS",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall the expected electrolyte imbalance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bI0HYh",label:"Recall complications of treatment in diabetic ketoacidosis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T706Oh",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall the effects of acidemia on serum potassium levels.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"g70FOh",label:"Recognize hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"S70yOh",label:"Recognize altered mental status in the context of infection and dehydration, and choose the initial diagnostic test to assess serum glucose abnormalities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-v0DcR",label:"Recognize a hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cfaaOP",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall its impact on electrolyte balance.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nfa-mP",label:"Recognize hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Pg0Wv2",label:"Hypoglycemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"o7005h",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for acute severe hypoglycemia in an unconscious patient.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"9YaNrQ",label:"Recognize severe acute hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient, and choose the appropriate emergency treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/4g03v2",label:"Obesity and metabolic syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ao0ReS",label:"Choose the initial management for a pediatric patient with metabolic syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_D05SR",label:"Recognize metabolic syndrome, and choose the initial treatment strategy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Exa8y5",label:"Choose the most appropriate next step in obesity management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/rg0f92",label:"Hyponatremia",children:[{type:"question",id:"8qaOZN",label:"Recognize Addison disease, and recall the type of hyponatremia and fluid compartment changes in this condition.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Hg0K92",label:"Hypocalcemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"ZXaZ9Q",label:"Recognize acute hypocalcemia post-thyroidectomy, and recall its ECG finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2XaTxQ",label:"Recall the effects of hyperphosphatemia on calcium and phosphate homeostasis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OtaIdm",label:"Recognize hypoalbuminemia related to nephrotic syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/iS0Jz2",label:"Insulinoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"lh0vVf",label:"Recognize episodic hypoglycemia, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8P0OgT",label:"Recognize insulinoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2x0TDR",label:"Recognize a pancreatic β-cell tumor (insulinoma).",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Xh09cf",label:"Hypertension",children:[{type:"question",id:"3x0SwR",label:"Recognize secondary hypertension due to hypercalcemia, and recall the diagnostic finding of increased serum parathyroid hormone.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Lh0wef",label:"Obstructive sleep apnea",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ns0-Eh",label:"Recognize obstructive sleep apnea, and recall its effects on erythropoietin production.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/_h05gf",label:"Carcinoid tumor",children:[{type:"question",id:"R80lm3",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0_0e5i",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a_0Q5i",label:"Recognize carcinoid syndrome, and recall its cardiac manifestations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Ii0YGf",label:"Testicular tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"xz0EEi",label:"Recognize testicular cancer presenting with hyperthyroidism, and recall its paraneoplastic syndromes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Oj0I0T",label:"Pituitary adenoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"tg0XC2",label:"Recognize hyperprolactinemia, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jO0_HT",label:"Recognize a prolactinoma, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"01ae2j",label:"Recognize a pituitary adenoma, and recall the cell type it most commonly arises from.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"m2aVRP",label:"Recognize the clinical features of a prolactinoma, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/aP0QWT",label:"Congenital neck masses",children:[{type:"question",id:"im0J2g",label:"Recognize thyroglossal duct cyst, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/c40aRT",label:"Short stature",children:[{type:"question",id:"Lp0wJS",label:"Recognize constitutional growth delay, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ap0RHS",label:"Recognize constitutional delay of growth and puberty, and choose reassurance and appropriate follow-up as management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"c2aagP",label:"Recognize constitutional growth delay, and recall its hormonal pathogenesis.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/1402RT",label:"Tall stature and abnormally rapid growth",children:[{type:"question",id:"0G0eBh",label:"Recognize gigantism, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eSaxAP",label:"Recognize gigantism, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/W40PRT",label:"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia",children:[{type:"question",id:"d60oPS",label:"Recognize 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and choose the most appropriate initial therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"U60b4S",label:"Recognize congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Rp0l6S",label:"Recognize nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and recall its associated enzyme deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"a70Q4h",label:"Recognize congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and recall its associated findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H-0KAi",label:"Recognize nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and recall its enzymatic defect.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DYa1rQ",label:"Recognize congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VbaGsQ",label:"Recognize congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17-hydroxylase deficiency, and recall its associated findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xcaEej",label:"Recognize 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, and recall the enzyme's role in steroidogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"EVa8wj",label:"Recognize congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and recall its biochemical profile.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"BzazEM",label:"Recognize nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/240TiT",label:"Rare inherited syndromes",children:[{type:"question",id:"A60RnS",label:"Recognize Prader-Willi syndrome, and recall its complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/940NlT",label:"Neuroblastoma",children:[{type:"question",id:"qo0C1S",label:"Recognize neuroblastoma.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Ek08pT",label:"The menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle abnormalities",children:[{type:"question",id:"Bz0zEi",label:"Recall the hormonal changes associated with ovulation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/dO0orT",label:"Pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"xpaE7l",label:"Recognize functional hyperplasia of the pituitary gland during pregnancy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/AO0RET",label:"Polycystic ovary syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"Sq0yBS",label:"Recognize an elevated LH:FSH ratio in PCOS.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oq00zS",label:"Recognize acanthosis nigricans associated with polycystic ovary syndrome, and recall the characteristic ultrasound finding.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6eaj-j",label:"Recognize polycystic ovarian syndrome, and recall the source of increased estrogen production in PCOS.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"N6a-Ol",label:"Recognize polycystic ovary syndrome, and recall the cell type stimulated by luteinizing hormone.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"38aSmm",label:"Choose the most appropriate treatment for hirsutism in PCOS unresponsive to COCs.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/yN0ddg",label:"Opioids",children:[{type:"question",id:"lPavUk",label:"Recall the derivatives of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and recall the receptor type for β-endorphins.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/AN0Rdg",label:"Antipsychotics",children:[{type:"question",id:"N1a-Sj",label:"Recognize hyperprolactinemia due to antipsychotic use, and recall the role of dopamine in prolactin regulation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/7m04Sg",label:"Antidiabetic drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"tH0XHh",label:"Recall the delayed onset of action and side effects of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"8E0Ox3",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for a diabetic patient with obesity and recurrent urinary tract infections.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3XaSBQ",label:"Recognize the pharmacologic effect of sulfonylureas on pancreatic β-cells.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZWaZPj",label:"Recall the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"0WaePj",label:"Recall the adverse effects of SGLT2 inhibitors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"02aeTP",label:"Choose an antidiabetic drug that promotes weight loss and improves glycemic control.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Gm0BSg",label:"Insulin",children:[{type:"question",id:"Jp0sqS",label:"Choose the most appropriate adjustment to insulin therapy for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus on days of exercise.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SXayxQ",label:"Recognize gestational diabetes management, and recall the mechanism of action of insulin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hXacBQ",label:"Recall the effect of insulin on metabolic pathways.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"vVaAwj",label:"Recall the characteristics of long-acting insulin types.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UMabLO",label:"Recall situations associated with decreased insulin demand.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3xaSw5",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy to manage postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Fm0ghg",label:"Antithyroid drugs",children:[{type:"question",id:"gdaF6j",label:"Recognize hyperthyroidism treatment concerns, and recall the mechanism of thioamide drugs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"65ajOO",label:"Choose the appropriate treatment to prevent complications from radioiodine exposure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/H50Klg",label:"Brain tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"jo0_bS",label:"Recognize Parinaud syndrome, and recall its sequelae.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/y50d5g",label:"Basics of human genetics",children:[{type:"question",id:"dlaoDk",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall the inheritance pattern of type 1 diabetes mellitus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/PM0WKg",label:"Puberty",children:[{type:"question",id:"xp0E7S",label:"Recognize central precocious puberty, and recall its association with obesity and leptin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Zq0ZCS",label:"Recognize idiopathic central precocious puberty, and choose the most appropriate pharmacological management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hMacoO",label:"Recognize precocious puberty, and recall its long-term risks.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"5taiVm",label:"Recognize idiopathic premature pubarche, and choose the most appropriate follow-up timeframe.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/lM0vKg",label:"Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism",children:[{type:"question",id:"-XaD0j",label:"Recognize hereditary fructose intolerance, and recall the enzyme deficiency associated with it.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Xca9aj",label:"Recognize Cori disease, and recall the deficient enzyme involved.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"WcaPYj",label:"Recognize essential fructosuria, and recall the enzyme compensating for fructokinase deficiency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"whahT4",label:"Recognize essential fructosuria from urine test results, and choose the appropriate dietary recommendation for the patient.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/zL0rZS",label:"Acid-base disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"BB0z1i",label:"Recognize diabetic ketoacidosis, and recall its arterial blood gas findings.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/0o0e0S",label:"Graves disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"pp0LqS",label:"Recognize neonatal thyrotoxicosis, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Yq0nCS",label:"Recognize neonatal thyrotoxicosis, and recall its etiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6t0je3",label:"Recognize glycosaminoglycan accumulation in Graves ophthalmopathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"q80Cn3",label:"Choose the most appropriate antithyroid drug for a pregnant woman in the first trimester.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"y80d63",label:"Recognize Graves disease, and recall complications of radioactive iodine therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Az0Rvi",label:"Recognize Graves disease, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Sday6j",label:"Recognize the clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism, and recall the specific findings associated with Graves disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iQaJD4",label:"Recognize Graves disease in pregnancy, and recall its neonatal complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/ao0Q0S",label:"Thyroid nodules",children:[{type:"question",id:"9T0NG2",label:"Recognize a thyroid nodule, and choose the most appropriate initial diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b40H3T",label:"Recognize toxic adenoma as a cause of hyperthyroidism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k40mjT",label:"Recognize suppressed TSH in the context of thyroid nodules, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic test.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nO07GT",label:"Recognize a toxic adenoma, and recall its molecular pathogenesis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"o3a0j4",label:"Recognize toxic multinodular goiter, and recall its histopathological features.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"hDacV5",label:"Recognize a thyroid nodule with features concerning for malignancy, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic procedure.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Wo0PaS",label:"Differences (disorders) of sex development",children:[{type:"question",id:"R60lkS",label:"Recognize androgen insensitivity syndrome.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"k60mOS",label:"Recognize androgen insensitivity syndrome, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tcaXVj",label:"Recognize Klinefelter syndrome, and recall its hormonal findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"xqaE0N",label:"Recognize XY gonadal dysgenesis, and recall the role of the SRY gene in sex determination.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/qo0C1S",label:"Signal transduction",children:[{type:"question",id:"NTa-IP",label:"Recognize essential thrombocythemia, and recall the JAK-STAT signaling pathway's role in hormone signal transmission.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZgaZFP",label:"Recognize a TSH-producing pituitary adenoma, and recall the receptor type TSH binds to.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Ho0KWS",label:"Bone tissue",children:[{type:"question",id:"ROalHk",label:"Recall the effects of estrogen on bone metabolism, and recall the role of RANK ligand in osteoclast activation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/vo0AdS",label:"Embryogenesis",children:[{type:"question",id:"Y2anTP",label:"Recall the embryological origin of the parathyroid glands.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Do01VS",label:"The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac",children:[{type:"question",id:"m0aVgQ",label:"Recognize gestational diabetes, and recall the role of human placental lactogen.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/V60GPS",label:"Adrenal gland",children:[{type:"question",id:"nC07sR",label:"Recognize an androgen-secreting adrenal tumor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"KC0UGR",label:"Recognize idiopathic hirsutism, and recall the role of 5-alpha reductase.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"jZa_YQ",label:"Recall the primary site of bradykinin breakdown and its responsible enzyme.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T0a62Q",label:"Recall angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and the physiology and microscopic anatomy of the adrenal gland.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eXaxCQ",label:"Recall the renal response to hypoperfusion and activation of the RAAS.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ddaoKj",label:"Recognize a chromaffin cell tumor, and recall the substances it secretes.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rdafrj",label:"Recall the effects of metyrapone on adrenal hormone synthesis, and recall the role of cortisol in epinephrine production.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/i60JkS",label:"Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands",children:[{type:"question",id:"-daDsj",label:"Recognize ectopic thyroid tissue, and recall its developmental origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"sVatDj",label:"Recognize medullary thyroid carcinoma, and recall its embryological origin.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"reafZP",label:"Recall the function of peripheral 5'-deiodinase in thyroid hormone metabolism.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/M60MlS",label:"Gastrointestinal tract",children:[{type:"question",id:"nja7ak",label:"Recall the effects of ghrelin on appetite, and recall its target in the hypothalamus.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/UI0bXh",label:"Hypercalcemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"_p05HS",label:"Recognize maternal familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Kw0UPR",label:"Recognize milk-alkali syndrome, and recall the associated serum substance change.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qx0CxR",label:"Recognize hypercalcemia of malignancy, and recall its diagnostic findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"rx0fBR",label:"Recognize hypercalcemia symptoms, and choose the most appropriate diagnostic study.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Gx0BBR",label:"Recognize vitamin D toxicity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"yx0d_R",label:"Choose the most appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Va4Dj",label:"Recognize primary hyperparathyroidism, and recall the role of PTH in vitamin D metabolism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"b2aHTP",label:"Recall the laboratory findings and causes of non-PTH-mediated hypercalcemia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"W2aPgP",label:"Recognize hypercalcemia of malignancy, and recall its laboratory findings.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cLaa9O",label:"Recognize familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, and recall the role of calcium-sensing receptors.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"DFa14m",label:"Recognize hypercalcemic crisis.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Nua-rm",label:"Choose the initial management for symptomatic moderate hypercalcemia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/lI0v1h",label:"Hypokalemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"dD0oWR",label:"Recognize features of hypercortisolism, and recall the associated electrocardiographic finding.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/M70Mmh",label:"Gynecomastia",children:[{type:"question",id:"wp0h7S",label:"Choose the most appropriate management for neonatal gynecomastia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PE0WD3",label:"Recognize anabolic steroid use as a cause of gynecomastia and small testes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/hs0cuh",label:"Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors",children:[{type:"question",id:"U80bN3",label:"Recognize necrolytic migratory erythema, and recall its association with glucagonoma.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"280TN3",label:"Recognize glucagonoma, and choose the initial therapy to control symptoms.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"j80_m3",label:"Recognize VIPoma, and recall its associated electrolyte abnormalities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nw07jR",label:"Recognize a glucagonoma, and recall its pathophysiology.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A1aRjj",label:"Recognize somatostatinoma, and recall its associated hormone elevation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Rs0luh",label:"Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy",children:[{type:"question",id:"rC0ftR",label:"Recognize the complications associated with gestational diabetes, and choose the appropriate maternal intervention to prevent these complications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"H0aKhQ",label:"Recognize gestational diabetes, and recall its fetal complications.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/EG08a3",label:"Vitamin D deficiency",children:[{type:"question",id:"CUaq2P",label:"Recognize hypocalcemia-related tetany, and recall the effects of malabsorption on vitamin D absorption.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/jt0_W3",label:"Diabetic retinopathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"snatuO",label:"Recognize diabetic retinopathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Pt0Wd3",label:"Diabetic foot",children:[{type:"question",id:"Ywanh5",label:"Recognize a diabetic foot ulcer, and choose the most appropriate next step in evaluation.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/lt0vd3",label:"Diabetic kidney disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"PG0Wzh",label:"Choose the most appropriate antihypertensive therapy for a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and albuminuria.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kG0mzh",label:"Recognize increased glomerular filtration in diabetic nephropathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"kfammP",label:"Recognize diabetic nephropathy in the context of diabetes mellitus, and choose the appropriate antihypertensive therapy to prevent cardiovascular disease.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LDawU5",label:"Recall the primary risk factor for the initiation of diabetic nephropathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"OBaIaM",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes with proteinuria.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Nt0-d3",label:"Diabetic neuropathy",children:[{type:"question",id:"IP0YTT",label:"Recognize microvascular damage as a cause of diabetic neuropathy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pL0LAg",label:"Recognize diabetic neuropathy, and choose the most appropriate symptomatic management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VYaGLQ",label:"Recognize diabetic autonomic neuropathy, and recall its genitourinary manifestations.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"VtaGcm",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for painful diabetic neuropathy.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/rt0fU3",label:"Contraception",children:[{type:"question",id:"F5agNO",label:"Recognize contraindications for oral contraceptive pill use in the context of patient history.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/Et0823",label:"Anorexia nervosa",children:[{type:"question",id:"tlaXAk",label:"Recognize anorexia nervosa, and recall the associated thyroid hormone changes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/U80bN3",label:"Acanthosis nigricans",children:[{type:"question",id:"EB08ci",label:"Recognize acanthosis nigricans associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Qf0uN2/n807M3",label:"Refeeding syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"cwaa35",label:"Recognize refeeding syndrome, and recall its associated electrolyte abnormality.",children:[]}]}]},{type:"system",id:"L0/Sf0yl2",label:"Behavioral Health",children:[{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/pT0L72",label:"Iron deficiency anemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"_0a5iQ",label:"Recognize iron deficiency anemia, and recall its associated nail changes.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/_T05t2",label:"Arginine vasopressin disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"f2akSP",label:"Recognize primary polydipsia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v7aAnN",label:"Recall the laboratory findings associated with primary polydipsia.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/Pg0Wv2",label:"Hypoglycemia",children:[{type:"question",id:"mVaVEj",label:"Recognize factitious hypoglycemia, and recall the initial approach to investigate medication use.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/v30A4f",label:"Major neurocognitive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"JL0sAg",label:"Recognize pseudodementia in the context of major depressive disorder, and choose the most appropriate treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/D301kf",label:"Alzheimer disease",children:[{type:"question",id:"9UaN2P",label:"Recognize early-onset Alzheimer disease, and recall its genetic associations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/w30hkf",label:"Frontotemporal dementia",children:[{type:"question",id:"Z2aZTP",label:"Recognize frontotemporal dementia, and recall the brain region affected.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/9R0N6f",label:"Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome",children:[{type:"question",id:"vUaAUP",label:"Recognize Korsakoff syndrome, and recall its association with thiamine deficiency.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/Wj0Pzf",label:"Preventive medicine",children:[{type:"question",id:"bpaHLl",label:"Recognize primary prevention strategies, and choose an example of a lifestyle modification that reduces disease risk.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/PP0WUT",label:"Major depressive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"tM0Xqg",label:"Recognize major depressive disorder, and choose the first-line pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"dK0o2S",label:"Recognize major depressive disorder in adolescents.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"G70BMh",label:"Recognize major depressive disorder, and choose the most appropriate initial step in management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"870Onh",label:"Choose an antidepressant that also promotes weight gain.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"E708nh",label:"Recognize persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"v70Anh",label:"Recognize the time frame for antidepressant effectiveness, and choose the appropriate next step in management for major depressive disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"B70zLh",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for a terminally ill patient with severe acute depression.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ZH0ZKh",label:"Choose the appropriate duration for antidepressant therapy in major depressive disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qs0CDh",label:"Recall contraindications for combining antidepressant medications.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2z0THi",label:"Recognize major depressive disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"uaapmQ",label:"Recognize normal grief.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"oYa0JQ",label:"Recognize persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"nqa7_l",label:"Recognize symptoms of a major depressive episode and assess for suicidal ideation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_Fa5km",label:"Recognize major depressive disorder with peripartum onset, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zFarkm",label:"Recognize postpartum psychosis, and choose the most appropriate next step in management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/4P03UT",label:"Bipolar disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"cn0aHg",label:"Recognize bipolar disorder with acute mania, and choose the appropriate mood stabilizer considering renal function.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Tn06sg",label:"Recognize Bipolar II disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"eH0x6h",label:"Recognize a manic episode in the context of bipolar disorder, and choose the most appropriate long-term pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UH0bph",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for acute mania in a patient with renal dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"iH0JJh",label:"Recognize bipolar I disorder, and recall its strongest predisposing factor.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Es089h",label:"Recognize cyclothymic disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"1G02yh",label:"Recognize an acute manic episode, and choose the most appropriate initial pharmacotherapy for severe agitation.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"tYaXIQ",label:"Choose the most appropriate mood stabilizer for a patient with bipolar disorder and renal dysfunction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-jaD1k",label:"Recognize cyclothymic disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"n4a7Pk",label:"Recognize drug-induced mania, and recall the effects of antidepressants in bipolar disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QNauaO",label:"Recognize Bipolar I disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"T7a6ON",label:"Recognize Bipolar I disorder with manic episode.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/kP0mUT",label:"Anxiety disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"570imh",label:"Recognize performance-only social anxiety disorder, and choose the most appropriate initial therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"w70hLh",label:"Recognize generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"C70qLh",label:"Recognize social anxiety disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"_705oh",label:"Recognize panic disorder, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YH0nKh",label:"Recognize generalized anxiety disorder, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fH0kph",label:"Recognize social anxiety disorder, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pH0Lrh",label:"Recognize panic disorder, and recall its psychiatric comorbidities.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ss0y8h",label:"Recognize selective mutism.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"2E0TE3",label:"Choose the first-line treatment for specific phobias.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"7Ya4qQ",label:"Recognize generalized anxiety disorder, and choose an anxiolytic medication with minimal sexual side effects.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"O1aISj",label:"Recognize separation anxiety disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"wNahWO",label:"Recognize agoraphobia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"UKabfl",label:"Recognize performance-only social anxiety disorder, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"P7aWNN",label:"Recognize agoraphobia.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"YHanKN",label:"Recognize signs of separation anxiety disorder in children, and choose the appropriate psychotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RGal_N",label:"Recognize a panic attack, and choose the most appropriate acute pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Txa6D5",label:"Recognize acute hyperventilation syndrome, and choose the most appropriate initial management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/OP0IUT",label:"Obsessive-compulsive disorder",children:[{type:"question",id:"2H0Tph",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for hoarding disorder unresponsive to cognitive behavioral therapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RH0lJh",label:"Recognize obsessive-compulsive disorder, and choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"ls0vEh",label:"Recognize obsessive-compulsive disorder, and choose the most appropriate non-pharmacological management.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"os00Dh",label:"Recognize trichotillomania.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"-0aDiQ",label:"Recognize body dysmorphic disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"MqaM_l",label:"Recognize compulsive hair pulling (trichotillomania).",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"PGaWzN",label:"Recognize body dysmorphic disorder, and choose the most appropriate management.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/lP0vUT",label:"Trauma- and stressor-related disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"x70ELh",label:"Recognize adjustment disorder with depressed mood.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"3H0SJh",label:"Recognize adjustment disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QH0uJh",label:"Recognize adjustment disorder, and choose the most appropriate intervention.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"lH0vqh",label:"Recognize a normal stress reaction.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bHaHKN",label:"Recognize reactive attachment disorder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/NP0-UT",label:"Dissociative disorders",children:[{type:"question",id:"GH0B7h",label:"Recognize dissociative 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disturbances.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"qSaC04",label:"Recognize post-traumatic stress disorder.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A7aRoN",label:"Recognize acute stress disorder, and choose the most appropriate initial treatment.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Eta82m",label:"Choose the most appropriate pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/7u04s3",label:"Capacity, competence, and consent",children:[{type:"question",id:"AIaR2N",label:"Recognize a patient's right to refuse information and consent to treatment.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/Hu0Ks3",label:"Ethics of communicating medical information",children:[{type:"question",id:"UA0bQi",label:"Recognize exceptions to patient confidentiality for notifiable diseases.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Sf0yl2/Du01t3",label:"Acute pain management",children:[{type:"question",id:"vs0A9h",label:"Choose the most appropriate analgesic management for a patient on 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with nonadherence and loss to follow-up.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Bqaz0N",label:"Interpret the impact of study population selection on research validity, and choose the property that reflects higher external validity.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"AraRPN",label:"Recall the hierarchy of clinical study designs to determine treatment efficacy.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"RualIm",label:"Interpret the implications of per-protocol analysis on effect size.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"HEaKCm",label:"Recall the characteristics of qualitative study designs.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"A9aRJ5",label:"Recognize the need to submit protocol amendments to the Institutional Review Board.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"cCaaI5",label:"Interpret forest plots, and determine the statistical significance of meta-analysis results.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"QCau75",label:"Interpret interim analysis results, and choose the appropriate action for unexpected serious adverse events in clinical trials.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"LCaws5",label:"Choose the appropriate study design based on group or cluster randomization.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fBakZM",label:"Recall the implications of posthoc subgroup analysis on internal validity.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Pf0Wm2/DO01uT",label:"Principles of medical law and ethics",children:[{type:"question",id:"JHasrN",label:"Recognize ethical considerations when conducting research in vulnerable populations.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Pf0Wm2/7N04cg",label:"Fundamentals of pharmacology",children:[{type:"question",id:"YmanVO",label:"Recall the objectives of different phases of clinical trials.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"6qajzl",label:"Recall the purpose and design of phase 3 clinical trials.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"SCayr5",label:"Choose the most appropriate action regarding prescription of non-FDA-approved drugs.",children:[]}]},{type:"article",id:"Pf0Wm2/nn07Fg",label:"Statistical analysis of data",children:[{type:"question",id:"6u0jH3",label:"Recall the definition of the null hypothesis in cohort studies.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Au0RF3",label:"Recall the effects of a positively skewed distribution on measures of central tendency.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"fE0kE3",label:"Calculate the range for a proportion of measurements based on a normal distribution's standard deviation and mean.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"zE0ry3",label:"Interpret the meaning of a 95% confidence interval in the context of a study's results.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"bv0HA3",label:"Interpret the correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between two continuous variables.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"pv0LaR",label:"Recall the effect of sample size on statistical power.",children:[]},{type:"question",id:"Ev08bR",label:"Choose the appropriate statistical method to 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