@aliaksei-raketski/pi-angular-developer 0.1.0

package/skills/angular-developer/references/signal-forms.md

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+# Signal Forms
+
+Signal Forms are the recommended approach for handling forms in modern Angular applications (v21+). They provide a reactive, type-safe, and model-driven way to manage form state using Angular Signals.
+
+**CRITICAL**: You MUST use Angular's new Signal Forms API for all form-related functionality. Do NOT use null as a value or type of any fields.
+
+## Imports
+
+You can import the following from `@angular/forms/signals`:
+
+```ts
+import {
+  form,
+  FormField,
+  submit,
+  // Rules for field state
+  disabled,
+  hidden,
+  readonly,
+  debounce,
+  // Schema helpers
+  applyWhen,
+  applyEach,
+  schema,
+  // Custom validation
+  validate,
+  validateHttp,
+  validateStandardSchema,
+  // Metadata
+  metadata,
+} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+```
+
+## Creating a Form
+
+Use the `form()` function with a Signal model. The structure of the form is derived directly from the model.
+
+```ts
+import {Component, signal} from '@angular/core';
+import {form, FormField} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+@Component({
+  // ...
+  imports: [FormField],
+})
+export class Example {
+  // 1. Define your model with initial values (avoid undefined)
+  protected readonly userModel = signal({
+    name: '', // CRITICAL: NEVER use null or undefined as initial values
+    email: '',
+    age: 0, // Use 0 for numbers, NOT null
+    address: {
+      street: '',
+      city: '',
+    },
+    hobbies: [] as string[], // Use [] for arrays, NOT null
+  });
+
+  // WRONG - DO NOT DO THIS:
+  // badModel = signal({
+  //   name: null,      // ERROR: use '' instead
+  //   age: null,       // ERROR: use 0 instead
+  //   items: null      // ERROR: use [] instead
+  // });
+
+  // 2. Create the form
+  protected readonly userForm = form(this.userModel);
+}
+```
+
+## Validation
+
+Import validators from `@angular/forms/signals`.
+
+```ts
+import {required, email, min, max, minLength, maxLength, pattern} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+```
+
+Use them in the schema function passed to `form()`:
+
+```ts
+userForm = form(this.userModel, (schemaPath) => {
+  // Required
+  required(schemaPath.name, {message: 'Name is required'});
+
+  // Conditional required.
+  required(schemaPath.name, {
+    when({valueOf}) {
+      return valueOf(schemaPath.age) > 10;
+    },
+  });
+  // when is only available for required
+  // Do NOT do this: pattern(p.name, /xxx/, {when /* ERROR */)
+
+  // Email
+  email(schemaPath.email, {message: 'Invalid email'});
+
+  // Min/Max for numbers
+  min(schemaPath.age, 18);
+  max(schemaPath.age, 100);
+
+  // MinLength/MaxLength for strings/arrays
+  minLength(schemaPath.password, 8);
+  maxLength(schemaPath.description, 500);
+
+  // Pattern (Regex)
+  pattern(schemaPath.zipCode, /^\d{5}$/);
+});
+```
+
+## FieldState vs FormField: The Parental Requirement
+
+It's important to understand the difference between **FormField** (the structure) and **FieldState** (the actual data/signals).
+
+**RULE**: You must **CALL** a field as a function to access its state signals (valid, touched, dirty, hidden, etc.).
+
+```ts
+// f is a FormField (structural)
+const f = form(signal({cat: {name: 'pirojok-the-cat', age: 5}}));
+
+f.cat.name; // FormField: You can't get flags from here!
+f.cat.name.touched(); // ERROR: touched() does not exist on FormField
+
+f.cat.name(); // FieldState: Calling it gives you access to signals
+f.cat.name().touched(); // VALID: Accessing the signal
+f.cat().name.touched(); // ERROR: f.cat() is state, it doesn't have children!
+```
+
+Similarly in a template:
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG: Property 'hidden' does not exist on type 'FormField' -->
+@if (bookingForm.hotelDetails.hidden()) { ... }
+
+<!-- RIGHT: Call it first -->
+@if (bookingForm.hotelDetails().hidden()) { ... }
+```
+
+## Disabled / Readonly / Hidden
+
+Control field status using rules in the schema.
+
+```ts
+import {disabled, readonly, hidden} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+userForm = form(this.userModel, (schemaPath) => {
+  // Conditionally disabled
+  disabled(schemaPath.password, {when: ({valueOf}) => !valueOf(schemaPath.createAccount)});
+
+  // Conditionally hidden (does NOT remove from model, just marks as hidden)
+  hidden(schemaPath.shippingAddress, {when: ({valueOf}) => valueOf(schemaPath.sameAsBilling)});
+
+  // Readonly
+  readonly(schemaPath.username);
+});
+```
+
+## Binding
+
+Import `FormField` and use the `[formField]` directive.
+
+```ts
+import {FormField} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+```
+
+All props on state, such as `disabled`, `hidden`, `readonly` and `name` are bound automatically.
+Do _NOT_ bind the `name` field.
+
+**CRITICAL: FORBIDDEN ATTRIBUTES**
+When using `[formField]`, you MUST NOT set the following attributes in the template (either static or bound):
+
+- `min`, `max` (Use validators in the schema instead)
+- `value`, `[value]`, `[attr.value]` on **text/number/date inputs** (Already handled by `[formField]`)
+- `[attr.min]`, `[attr.max]`
+- `[disabled]`, `[readonly]` (Already handled by `[formField]`)
+
+**Exception**: Static `value` on `<input type="radio">` and `<input type="checkbox">` is **allowed and required** — it identifies which option the input represents, not the bound field value.
+
+```html
+<!-- CORRECT: value on radio specifies which option this button represents -->
+<input type="radio" value="economy" [formField]="bookingForm.package.tier" />
+
+<!-- WRONG: value binding on a regular input -->
+<input [value]="someVar" [formField]="form.name" />
+```
+
+Do NOT do this: `<input min="1" [formField]>` or `<input [value]="val" [formField]>`.
+
+```html
+<!-- Input -->
+<input [formField]="userForm.name" />
+
+<!-- Checkbox -->
+<input type="checkbox" [formField]="userForm.isAdmin" />
+
+<!-- Select -->
+<select [formField]="userForm.country">
+  <option value="us">US</option>
+</select>
+
+<!-- userForm.name can NOT be nullable, because input does not accept null-->
+<input [formField]="userForm.name" />
+```
+
+## Reactive Forms
+
+**Do NOT import** `FormControl`, `FormGroup`, `FormArray`, or `FormBuilder` from `@angular/forms`. Signal Forms replace these concepts entirely.
+Signal forms does NOT have a builder.
+
+## Accessing State
+
+Each field in the form is a function that returns its state.
+
+```ts
+// Access the field by calling it
+const emailState = this.userForm.email();
+
+// Value (WritableSignal)
+const value = this.userForm().value();
+
+// Validation State (Signals)
+const isValid = this.userForm().valid();
+const isInvalid = this.userForm().invalid();
+const errors = this.userForm().errors(); // Array of errors
+const isPending = this.userForm().pending(); // Async validation pending
+
+// Interaction State (Signals)
+const isTouched = this.userForm().touched();
+const isDirty = this.userForm().dirty();
+
+// Availability State (Signals)
+const isDisabled = this.userForm().disabled();
+const isHidden = this.userForm().hidden();
+const isReadonly = this.userForm().readonly();
+```
+
+IMPORTANT!: Make sure to call the field to get it state.
+
+```ts
+form().invalid()
+form.field().dirty()
+form.field.subfield().touched()
+form.a.b.c.d().value()
+form.address.ssn().pending()
+form().reset()
+
+// The only exception is length:
+form.children.length
+form.length // NOTE: no parenthesis!
+form.client.addresses.length  // No "()"
+
+@for (income of form.addresses; track $index) {/**/}
+```
+
+## Submitting
+
+Use the `submit()` function. It automatically marks all fields as touched before running the action.
+
+**CRITICAL**: The callback to `submit()` MUST be `async` and MUST return a Promise.
+
+```ts
+import { submit } from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+// CORRECT - async callback
+onSubmit() {
+  submit(this.userForm, async () => {
+    // This only runs if the form is valid
+    await this.apiService.save(this.userModel());
+    console.log('Saved!');
+  });
+}
+
+// WRONG - missing async keyword
+onSubmit() {
+  submit(this.userForm, () => {  // ERROR: must be async
+    console.log('Saved!');
+  });
+}
+```
+
+## Handling Errors
+
+`field().errors()` returns the errors array of ValidationError:
+
+```ts
+interface ValidationError {
+  readonly kind: string;
+  readonly message?: string;
+}
+```
+
+Do _NOT_ return null from validators.
+When there are no errors, return undefined
+
+### Context
+
+Functions passed to rules like `validate()`, `disabled()`, `applyWhen` take a context object. It is **CRITICAL** to understand its structure:
+
+```ts
+validate(
+  schemaPath.username,
+  ({
+    value, // Signal<T>: Writable current value of the field
+    fieldTree, // FieldTree<T>: Sub-fields (if it's a group/array)
+    state, // FieldState<T>: Access flags like state.valid(), state.dirty()
+    valueOf, // (path) => T: Read values of OTHER fields (tracking dependencies), e.g. valueOf(schemaPath.password)
+    stateOf, // (path) => FieldState: Access state (valid/dirty) of OTHER fields, e.g. stateOf(schemaPath.password).valid()
+    pathKeys, // Signal<string[]>: Path from root to this field
+  }) => {
+    // WRONG: if (touched()) ... (touched is not in context)
+    // RIGHT: if (state.touched()) ...
+
+    if (value() === 'admin') {
+      return {kind: 'reserved', message: 'Username admin is reserved'};
+    }
+  },
+);
+```
+
+### IMPORTANT: Paths are NOT Signals
+
+Inside the `form()` callback, `schemaPath` and its children (e.g., `schemaPath.user.name`) are **NOT** signals and are **NOT** callable.
+
+```ts
+// WRONG - This will throw an error:
+applyWhen(p.ssn, () => p.ssn().touched(), (ssnField) => { ... });
+
+// RIGHT - Use stateOf() to get the state of a path:
+applyWhen(p.ssn, ({ stateOf }) => stateOf(p.ssn).touched(), (ssnField) => { ... });
+
+// RIGHT - Use valueOf() to get the value of a path:
+applyWhen(p.ssn, ({ valueOf }) => valueOf(p.ssn) !== '', (ssnField) => { ... });
+```
+
+### Multiple Items
+
+- Use `applyEach` for applying rules per item.
+- **CRITICAL**: `applyEach` callback takes ONLY ONE argument (the item path), NOT two:
+
+```ts
+// CORRECT - single argument
+applyEach(s.items, (item) => {
+  required(item.name);
+});
+
+// WRONG - do NOT pass index
+applyEach(s.items, (item, index) => {
+  // ERROR: callback takes 1 argument
+  required(item.name);
+});
+```
+
+- In the template use `@for` to iterate over the items.
+- To remove an item from an array, just remove appropriate item from the array in the data.
+- **`select` binding**: You CAN bind to `<select [formField]="form.country">`. Ensure options have `value` attributes.
+
+### Nested @for Loops
+
+**CRITICAL**: Angular does NOT have `$parent`. In nested loops, store outer index in a variable:
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG - $parent does not exist -->
+@for (item of form.items; track $index) { @for (option of item.options; track $index) {
+<button (click)="removeOption($parent.$index, $index)">Remove</button>
+<!-- ERROR -->
+} }
+
+<!-- CORRECT - use let to store outer index -->
+@for (item of form.items; track $index; let outerIndex = $index) { @for (option of item.options;
+track $index) {
+<button (click)="removeOption(outerIndex, $index)">Remove</button>
+} }
+```
+
+### Disabling Form Button
+
+```html
+<button [disabled]="form().invalid() || form().pending()" />
+<!-- Or -->
+<button [disabled]="taxForm.invalid()" />
+```
+
+Do NOT use `[disabled]` on an input. `[formField]` will do this.
+Do NOT use `[readonly]` on an input. `[formField]` will do this.
+If you need to disable or readonly a field, use `disabled()` or `readonly()` rules in the schema.
+
+### Async Validation
+
+Do not use `validate()` for async, instead use `validateAsync()`:
+
+**CRITICAL**:
+
+1. The `params` option MUST be a function that returns the value to validate.
+2. The `onError` handler is **REQUIRED** - it is NOT optional!
+
+```ts
+import {resource} from '@angular/core';
+import {validateAsync} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+userForm = form(this.userModel, (s) => {
+  validateAsync(s.username, {
+    // 1. MUST be a function - params takes context and returns the value
+    params: ({value}) => value(),
+
+    // 2. Create the resource - factory receives a Signal
+    factory: (username) =>
+      resource({
+        params: username, // Use 'params' in resource()
+        loader: async ({params: value}) => {
+          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
+          return value === 'taken';
+        },
+      }),
+
+    // 3. Map success to errors
+    onSuccess: (isTaken) =>
+      isTaken ? {kind: 'taken', message: 'Username is already taken'} : undefined,
+
+    // 4. Handle errors - THIS IS REQUIRED!
+    onError: () => ({kind: 'error', message: 'Validation failed'}),
+  });
+});
+```
+
+**WRONG Examples:**
+
+```ts
+// WRONG - params must be a function
+validateAsync(s.username, {
+  params: s.username, // ERROR: must be ({ value }) => value()
+  // ...
+});
+
+// WRONG - missing onError (it's required!)
+validateAsync(s.username, {
+  params: ({value}) => value(),
+  factory: (username) =>
+    resource({
+      /* ... */
+    }),
+  onSuccess: (result) => (result ? {kind: 'error'} : undefined),
+  // ERROR: 'onError' is missing but required!
+});
+```
+
+### Using Resource
+
+**CRITICAL**: In Angular's `resource()`, use `params` for the input signal.
+
+```ts
+// CORRECT
+resource({
+  params: mySignal,
+  loader: async ({params: value}) => {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+});
+
+// WRONG
+resource({
+  request: mySignal, // ERROR: should be 'params'
+  loader: async ({request}) => {
+    /* ... */
+  },
+});
+```
+
+Use `debounce()` to delay synchronization between the UI and the model.
+
+```ts
+import {debounce} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+userForm = form(this.userModel, (s) => {
+  // Delay model updates by 300ms
+  debounce(s.username, 300);
+});
+```
+
+### Conditional Validation
+
+```ts
+form(
+  data,
+  (path) => {
+    applyWhen(
+      name,
+      ({value}) => value() !== 'admin',
+      (namePath) => {
+        validate(namePath.last /* ... */);
+        disable(namePath.last /* ... */);
+      },
+    );
+  },
+  {injector: TestBed.inject(Injector)},
+);
+```
+
+`applyWhen` passes the path mapped to the first argument.
+If you need parent field, just pass it to `applyWhen`:
+
+```ts
+form(
+  data,
+  (path) => {
+    applyWhen(
+      cat,
+      ({value}) => value().name !== 'admin',
+      (catPath) => {
+        require(cat.catPath /* ... */);
+      },
+    );
+  },
+  {injector: TestBed.inject(Injector)},
+);
+```
+
+## Common Pitfalls (DO NOT DO THESE)
+
+| Error Scenario         | WRONG (Common Mistake)                        | RIGHT (Correct Way)                                                              |
+| :--------------------- | :-------------------------------------------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| **Accessing Flags**    | `form.field.valid()`                          | `form.field().valid()`                                                           |
+| **Accessing value**    | `form.field.value()`                          | `form.field().value()`                                                           |
+| **Setting value**      | `form.field.set(x)`                           | Update model signal: `this.model.update(...)`                                    |
+| **Form root flags**    | `form.invalid()`                              | `form().invalid()`                                                               |
+| **Double-calling**     | `form.field()()`                              | `form.field().value()`                                                           |
+| **Rules Context**      | `({ touched }) => touched()`                  | `({ state }) => state.touched()`                                                 |
+| **Calling Paths**      | `applyWhen(p.foo, () => p.foo() === 'x')`     | `applyWhen(p.foo, ({ valueOf }) => valueOf(p.foo) === 'x')`                      |
+| **applyWhen args**     | `applyWhen(condition, () => {...})`           | `applyWhen(path, condition, schemaFn)` - needs 3 args                            |
+| **Array length**       | `form.items().length`                         | `form.items.length` (structural)                                                 |
+| **Multi-select array** | `<select [formField]="form.tags">` (string[]) | Use checkboxes for array fields                                                  |
+| **readonly attribute** | `<input readonly [formField]>`                | Use `readonly()` rule in schema                                                  |
+| **min/max attributes** | `<input min="1" max="10">`                    | Use `min()` and `max()` rules in schema                                          |
+| **value binding**      | `<input [value]="val">`                       | Do NOT use `[value]` with `[formField]` (static `value` on radio/checkbox is OK) |
+| **when option**        | `pattern(p.x, /.../, {when: ...})`            | `when` only works with `required()`                                              |
+| **Submit callback**    | `submit(form, () => { ... })`                 | `submit(form, async () => { ... })`                                              |
+| **Async params**       | `params: s.field`                             | `params: ({ value }) => value()`                                                 |
+| **Async onError**      | Omitting `onError`                            | `onError` is REQUIRED in `validateAsync`                                         |
+| **resource() API**     | `request: signal`                             | `params: signal`                                                                 |
+| **applyEach args**     | `applyEach(s.items, (item, index) => ...)`    | `applyEach(s.items, (item) => ...)`                                              |
+| **Nested @for**        | `$parent.$index`                              | Use `let outerIndex = $index`                                                    |
+| **FormState import**   | `import { FormState }`                        | `FormState` does not exist, use `FieldState`                                     |
+| **Null in model**      | `signal({ name: null })`                      | `signal({ name: '' })` or `signal({ age: 0 })`                                   |
+| **Validate syntax**    | `validate(s.field, { value } => ...)`         | `validate(s.field, ({ value }) => ...)`                                          |
+| **Checkbox Array**     | `[formField]="form.tags"` (string[])          | Checkboxes ONLY bind to `boolean`                                                |
+
+## Big Form Example
+
+### `src/app/app.ts`
+
+```ts
+import {Component, signal, ChangeDetectionStrategy} from '@angular/core';
+import {
+  form,
+  FormField,
+  submit,
+  required,
+  email,
+  min,
+  hidden,
+  applyEach,
+  validate,
+} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+@Component({
+  selector: 'app-root',
+  standalone: true,
+  imports: [FormField],
+  templateUrl: './app.html',
+  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush,
+})
+export class App {
+  protected readonly model = signal({
+    personalInfo: {
+      firstName: '',
+      lastName: '',
+      email: '',
+      age: 0,
+    },
+    tripDetails: {
+      destination: 'Mars',
+      launchDate: '',
+    },
+    package: {
+      tier: 'economy',
+      extras: [] as string[],
+    },
+    companions: [] as Array<{name: string; relation: string}>,
+  });
+
+  protected readonly bookingForm = form(this.model, (s) => {
+    required(s.personalInfo.firstName, {message: 'First name is required'});
+    required(s.personalInfo.lastName, {message: 'Last name is required'});
+    required(s.personalInfo.email, {message: 'Email is required'});
+    email(s.personalInfo.email, {message: 'Invalid email address'});
+    required(s.personalInfo.age, {message: 'Age is required'});
+    min(s.personalInfo.age, 18, {message: 'Must be at least 18'});
+
+    required(s.tripDetails.destination);
+    required(s.tripDetails.launchDate);
+    validate(s.tripDetails.launchDate, ({value}) => {
+      const date = new Date(value());
+      if (isNaN(date.getTime())) return undefined;
+      const today = new Date();
+      if (date < today) {
+        return {kind: 'pastData', message: 'Launch date must be in the future'};
+      }
+      return undefined;
+    });
+
+    // valueOf is used to access values of other fields in rules
+    hidden(s.package.extras, {when: ({valueOf}) => valueOf(s.package.tier) === 'economy'});
+
+    applyEach(s.companions, (companion) => {
+      required(companion.name, {message: 'Companion name required'});
+      required(companion.relation, {message: 'Relation required'});
+    });
+  });
+
+  addCompanion() {
+    this.model.update((m) => ({
+      ...m,
+      companions: [...m.companions, {name: '', relation: ''}],
+    }));
+  }
+
+  removeCompanion(index: number) {
+    this.model.update((m) => ({
+      ...m,
+      companions: m.companions.filter((_, i) => i !== index),
+    }));
+  }
+
+  onSubmit() {
+    // CRITICAL: submit callback MUST be async
+    submit(this.bookingForm, async () => {
+      console.log('Booking Confirmed:', this.model());
+      // If you need to do async work:
+      // await this.apiService.save(this.model());
+    });
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### `src/app/app.html`
+
+```html
+<form (submit)="onSubmit(); $event.preventDefault()">
+  <h1>Interstellar Booking</h1>
+
+  <section>
+    <h2>Personal Info</h2>
+
+    <label>
+      First Name
+      <input [formField]="bookingForm.personalInfo.firstName" />
+      @if (bookingForm.personalInfo.firstName().touched() &&
+      bookingForm.personalInfo.firstName().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ bookingForm.personalInfo.firstName().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+    </label>
+
+    <label>
+      Last Name
+      <input [formField]="bookingForm.personalInfo.lastName" />
+      @if (bookingForm.personalInfo.lastName().touched() &&
+      bookingForm.personalInfo.lastName().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ bookingForm.personalInfo.lastName().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+    </label>
+
+    <label>
+      Email
+      <input type="email" [formField]="bookingForm.personalInfo.email" />
+      @if (bookingForm.personalInfo.email().touched() &&
+      bookingForm.personalInfo.email().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ bookingForm.personalInfo.email().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+    </label>
+
+    <label>
+      Age
+      <input type="number" [formField]="bookingForm.personalInfo.age" />
+      @if (bookingForm.personalInfo.age().touched() &&
+      bookingForm.personalInfo.age().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ bookingForm.personalInfo.age().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+    </label>
+  </section>
+
+  <section>
+    <h2>Trip Details</h2>
+
+    <label>
+      Destination
+      <select [formField]="bookingForm.tripDetails.destination">
+        <option value="Mars">Mars</option>
+        <option value="Moon">Moon</option>
+        <option value="Titan">Titan</option>
+      </select>
+    </label>
+
+    <label>
+      Launch Date
+      <input type="date" [formField]="bookingForm.tripDetails.launchDate" />
+      @if (bookingForm.tripDetails.launchDate().touched() &&
+      bookingForm.tripDetails.launchDate().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ bookingForm.tripDetails.launchDate().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+    </label>
+  </section>
+
+  <section>
+    <h2>Package</h2>
+
+    <label>
+      <input type="radio" value="economy" [formField]="bookingForm.package.tier" />
+      Economy
+    </label>
+    <label>
+      <input type="radio" value="business" [formField]="bookingForm.package.tier" />
+      Business
+    </label>
+    <label>
+      <input type="radio" value="first" [formField]="bookingForm.package.tier" />
+      First Class
+    </label>
+
+    @if (!bookingForm.package.extras().hidden()) {
+    <div>
+      <h3>Extras</h3>
+      <!-- Multi-select for arrays must use select multiple -->
+      <select multiple [formField]="bookingForm.package.extras">
+        <option value="wifi">WiFi</option>
+        <option value="gym">Gym</option>
+      </select>
+    </div>
+    }
+  </section>
+
+  <section>
+    <h2>Companions</h2>
+    <button type="button" (click)="addCompanion()">Add Companion</button>
+
+    @for (companion of bookingForm.companions; track $index) {
+    <div>
+      <input [formField]="companion.name" placeholder="Name" />
+      @if (companion.name().touched() && companion.name().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ companion.name().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+
+      <input [formField]="companion.relation" placeholder="Relation" />
+      @if (companion.relation().touched() && companion.relation().errors().length) {
+      <span>{{ companion.relation().errors()[0].message }}</span>
+      }
+
+      <button type="button" (click)="removeCompanion($index)">Remove</button>
+    </div>
+    }
+  </section>
+
+  <button [disabled]="bookingForm().invalid()">Submit</button>
+</form>
+```
+
+## Recovering from Build Errors
+
+If you encounter build errors, here are the most common fixes:
+
+### `Property 'value' does not exist on type 'FieldTree'`
+
+**Problem**: Accessing `.value()` directly on a field without calling it first.
+
+```ts
+// WRONG
+const val = this.form.field.value();
+// RIGHT
+const val = this.form.field().value();
+```
+
+### `Property 'set' does not exist on type 'FieldTree'`
+
+**Problem**: Trying to set values on the form tree. Signal Forms are model-driven.
+
+```ts
+// WRONG
+this.form.address.street.set('Main St');
+// RIGHT - update the model signal instead
+this.model.update((m) => ({...m, address: {...m.address, street: 'Main St'}}));
+```
+
+### `Type 'string[]' is not assignable to type 'string'`
+
+**Problem**: Binding `[formField]` to an array field with a single-value `<select>`.
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG - assignees is string[], select expects string -->
+<select [formField]="form.assignees">
+  ...
+</select>
+
+<!-- RIGHT - Use select multiple for array fields -->
+<select multiple [formField]="form.assignees">
+  <option value="us">US</option>
+</select>
+```
+
+### `NG8022: Setting the 'readonly/min/max/value' attribute is not allowed`
+
+**Problem**: Conflict between HTML attributes and `[formField]` directive.
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG -->
+<input [formField]="form.age" min="18" max="99" />
+<input [formField]="form.name" [value]="'John'" />
+
+<!-- RIGHT - Use rules in schema -->
+min(s.age, 18); max(s.age, 99); // Then just:
+<input [formField]="form.age" />
+```
+
+### `TS2322: Type 'string[]' is not assignable to type 'boolean'`
+
+**Problem**: Binding a checkbox to an array field instead of a boolean field.
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG - tags is string[] -->
+<input type="checkbox" [formField]="form.tags" />
+
+<!-- RIGHT - Use select multiple for array values -->
+<select multiple [formField]="form.tags">
+  <option value="a">A</option>
+</select>
+
+<!-- OR - Map to boolean fields in the model -->
+protected readonly model = signal({ hasWifi: false, hasGym: false });
+<input type="checkbox" [formField]="form.hasWifi" />
+```
+
+### `'when' does not exist in type` for pattern/email/min/max
+
+**Problem**: Using `when` option with validators other than `required`.
+
+```ts
+// WRONG - when only works with required
+pattern(s.ssn, /^\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}$/, {when: isJoint});
+
+// RIGHT - use applyWhen for conditional non-required validators
+applyWhen(s.ssn, isJoint, (ssnPath) => {
+  pattern(ssnPath, /^\d{3}-\d{2}-\d{4}$/);
+});
+```
+
+### `Expected 3 arguments, but got 2` for applyWhen
+
+**Problem**: Missing the path argument in `applyWhen`.
+
+```ts
+// WRONG
+applyWhen(isJoint, () => { ... });
+
+// RIGHT - applyWhen(path, condition, schemaFn)
+applyWhen(s.spouse, ({valueOf}) => valueOf(s.status) === 'joint', (spousePath) => {
+  required(spousePath.name);
+});
+```
+
+### `Module has no exported member 'FormState'`
+
+**Problem**: Importing a non-existent type.
+
+```ts
+// WRONG
+import {FormState} from '@angular/forms/signals';
+
+// FormState does not exist. If you need type access, the form
+// instance provides all necessary state through field().valid(), etc.
+```
+
+### `No pipe found with name 'number'` / `'json'` / `'date'`
+
+**Problem**: Using pipes in templates.
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG -->
+{{ totalPrice() | number:'1.2-2' }}
+
+<!-- RIGHT - format in the component -->
+protected readonly totalPriceFormatted = computed(() => this.totalPrice().toFixed(2));
+<!-- then: -->
+{{ totalPriceFormatted() }}
+```
+
+### `$parent.$index` in nested @for loops
+
+**Problem**: Angular doesn't have `$parent`.
+
+```html
+<!-- WRONG -->
+@for (item of items; track $index) { @for (sub of item.subs; track $index) {
+<button (click)="remove($parent.$index, $index)">X</button>
+} }
+
+<!-- RIGHT -->
+@for (item of items; track $index; let outerIdx = $index) { @for (sub of item.subs; track $index) {
+<button (click)="remove(outerIdx, $index)">X</button>
+} }
+```