@algochad/archcoder 2.0.2

package/server/lib/git/service.js

@@ -0,0 +1,3117 @@
+import simpleGit from 'simple-git';
+import fs from 'fs';
+import path from 'path';
+import os from 'os';
+import { execFile } from 'child_process';
+import { promisify } from 'util';
+
+const fsp = fs.promises;
+const execFileAsync = promisify(execFile);
+const gpgconfCandidates = ['gpgconf', '/opt/homebrew/bin/gpgconf', '/usr/local/bin/gpgconf'];
+let resolvedGitBinary = null;
+const worktreeBootstrapState = new Map();
+
+const WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_PENDING = 'pending';
+const WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_READY = 'ready';
+const WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_FAILED = 'failed';
+
+const toBootstrapStateKey = (directory) => {
+  const normalized = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  if (!normalized) {
+    return '';
+  }
+  return path.resolve(normalized);
+};
+
+const setWorktreeBootstrapState = (directory, status, error = null) => {
+  const key = toBootstrapStateKey(directory);
+  if (!key) {
+    return;
+  }
+  worktreeBootstrapState.set(key, {
+    status,
+    error: typeof error === 'string' && error.trim().length > 0 ? error.trim() : null,
+    updatedAt: Date.now(),
+  });
+};
+
+const clearWorktreeBootstrapState = (directory) => {
+  const key = toBootstrapStateKey(directory);
+  if (!key) {
+    return;
+  }
+  worktreeBootstrapState.delete(key);
+};
+
+const isExecutableFile = (candidate) => {
+  if (typeof candidate !== 'string' || candidate.trim().length === 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  try {
+    const stat = fs.statSync(candidate);
+    if (!stat.isFile()) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+      const ext = path.extname(candidate).toLowerCase();
+      return ext.length === 0 || ext === '.exe' || ext === '.cmd' || ext === '.bat' || ext === '.com';
+    }
+    fs.accessSync(candidate, fs.constants.X_OK);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+const normalizeGitExecutableCandidate = (candidate) => {
+  if (typeof candidate !== 'string') {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const trimmed = candidate.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const ext = path.extname(trimmed).toLowerCase();
+  if (ext === '.cmd' || ext === '.bat' || ext === '.com') {
+    const exeCandidate = trimmed.slice(0, -ext.length) + '.exe';
+    if (isExecutableFile(exeCandidate)) {
+      return exeCandidate;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return trimmed;
+};
+
+const listPathExecutableCandidates = (binaryName) => {
+  const currentPath = process.env.PATH || '';
+  const seen = new Set();
+  const matches = [];
+  for (const segment of currentPath.split(path.delimiter)) {
+    const dir = typeof segment === 'string' ? segment.trim() : '';
+    if (!dir || seen.has(dir)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    seen.add(dir);
+    matches.push(path.join(dir, binaryName));
+  }
+  return matches;
+};
+
+const listWindowsGitInstallCandidates = () => {
+  const roots = [
+    process.env.ProgramFiles,
+    process.env['ProgramFiles(x86)'],
+    process.env.LocalAppData,
+  ]
+    .map((value) => (typeof value === 'string' ? value.trim() : ''))
+    .filter(Boolean);
+
+  const candidates = [];
+  for (const root of roots) {
+    candidates.push(path.join(root, 'Git', 'cmd', 'git.exe'));
+    candidates.push(path.join(root, 'Git', 'bin', 'git.exe'));
+    candidates.push(path.join(root, 'Git', 'mingw64', 'bin', 'git.exe'));
+    candidates.push(path.join(root, 'Programs', 'Git', 'cmd', 'git.exe'));
+    candidates.push(path.join(root, 'Programs', 'Git', 'bin', 'git.exe'));
+  }
+  return candidates;
+};
+
+const resolveGitBinary = () => {
+  if (process.platform !== 'win32') {
+    return 'git';
+  }
+  if (resolvedGitBinary) {
+    return resolvedGitBinary;
+  }
+
+  const explicit = [process.env.GIT_BINARY, process.env.OPENCHAMBER_GIT_BINARY]
+    .map((value) => (typeof value === 'string' ? value.trim() : ''))
+    .filter(Boolean);
+  for (const candidate of explicit) {
+    if (isExecutableFile(candidate)) {
+      resolvedGitBinary = candidate;
+      return resolvedGitBinary;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const discovered = [
+    ...listPathExecutableCandidates('git.exe'),
+    ...listPathExecutableCandidates('git'),
+    ...listWindowsGitInstallCandidates(),
+  ]
+    .map(normalizeGitExecutableCandidate)
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .filter((candidate) => isExecutableFile(candidate));
+
+  const preferredExe = discovered.find((candidate) => candidate.toLowerCase().endsWith('.exe'));
+  resolvedGitBinary = preferredExe || discovered[0] || 'git.exe';
+  return resolvedGitBinary;
+};
+
+const getGitBinary = () => resolveGitBinary();
+
+/**
+ * Escape an SSH key path for use in core.sshCommand.
+ * Handles Windows/Unix differences and prevents command injection.
+ */
+function escapeSshKeyPath(sshKeyPath) {
+  const isWindows = process.platform === 'win32';
+  
+  // Normalize path first on Windows (convert backslashes to forward slashes)
+  let normalizedPath = sshKeyPath;
+  if (isWindows) {
+    normalizedPath = sshKeyPath.replace(/\\/g, '/');
+  }
+  
+  // Validate: reject paths with characters that could enable injection
+  // Allow only alphanumeric, path separators, dots, dashes, underscores, spaces, and colons (for Windows drives)
+  // Note: backslash is not in this list since we've already normalized Windows paths
+  const dangerousChars = /[`$!"';&|<>(){}[\]*?#~]/;
+  if (dangerousChars.test(normalizedPath)) {
+    throw new Error(`SSH key path contains invalid characters: ${sshKeyPath}`);
+  }
+
+  if (isWindows) {
+    // On Windows, Git (via MSYS/MinGW) expects Unix-style paths
+    // Convert "C:/path" to "/c/path" for MSYS compatibility
+    let unixPath = normalizedPath;
+    const driveMatch = unixPath.match(/^([A-Za-z]):\//);
+    if (driveMatch) {
+      unixPath = `/${driveMatch[1].toLowerCase()}${unixPath.slice(2)}`;
+    }
+    
+    // Use single quotes for the path (prevents shell interpretation)
+    return `'${unixPath}'`;
+  } else {
+    // On Unix, use single quotes and escape any single quotes in the path
+    // Single quotes prevent all shell interpretation except for single quotes themselves
+    const escaped = normalizedPath.replace(/'/g, "'\\''");
+    return `'${escaped}'`;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build the SSH command string for git config
+ */
+function buildSshCommand(sshKeyPath) {
+  const escapedPath = escapeSshKeyPath(sshKeyPath);
+  return `ssh -i ${escapedPath} -o IdentitiesOnly=yes`;
+}
+
+const isSocketPath = async (candidate) => {
+  if (!candidate || typeof candidate !== 'string') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  try {
+    const stat = await fsp.stat(candidate);
+    return typeof stat.isSocket === 'function' && stat.isSocket();
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+const resolveSshAuthSock = async () => {
+  const existing = (process.env.SSH_AUTH_SOCK || '').trim();
+  if (existing) {
+    return existing;
+  }
+
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  const gpgSock = path.join(os.homedir(), '.gnupg', 'S.gpg-agent.ssh');
+  if (await isSocketPath(gpgSock)) {
+    return gpgSock;
+  }
+
+  const runGpgconf = async (args) => {
+    for (const candidate of gpgconfCandidates) {
+      try {
+        const { stdout } = await execFileAsync(candidate, args);
+        return String(stdout || '');
+      } catch {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    return '';
+  };
+
+  const candidate = (await runGpgconf(['--list-dirs', 'agent-ssh-socket'])).trim();
+  if (candidate && await isSocketPath(candidate)) {
+    return candidate;
+  }
+
+  if (candidate) {
+    await runGpgconf(['--launch', 'gpg-agent']);
+    const retried = (await runGpgconf(['--list-dirs', 'agent-ssh-socket'])).trim();
+    if (retried && await isSocketPath(retried)) {
+      return retried;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null;
+};
+
+const buildGitEnv = async () => {
+  const env = { ...process.env };
+  if (!env.SSH_AUTH_SOCK || !env.SSH_AUTH_SOCK.trim()) {
+    const resolved = await resolveSshAuthSock();
+    if (resolved) {
+      env.SSH_AUTH_SOCK = resolved;
+    }
+  }
+  return env;
+};
+
+const createGit = async (directory) => {
+  const env = await buildGitEnv();
+  const spawnOptions = { windowsHide: true };
+  const binary = getGitBinary();
+  const hasCustomBinary = typeof binary === 'string' && binary.trim() && binary !== 'git' && binary !== 'git.exe';
+  const unsafe = hasCustomBinary ? { allowUnsafeCustomBinary: true } : undefined;
+  if (!directory) {
+    return simpleGit({ env, spawnOptions, binary, unsafe });
+  }
+  return simpleGit({
+    baseDir: normalizeDirectoryPath(directory),
+    env,
+    spawnOptions,
+    binary,
+    unsafe,
+  });
+};
+
+const normalizeDirectoryPath = (value) => {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string') {
+    return value;
+  }
+
+  const trimmed = value.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return trimmed;
+  }
+
+  if (trimmed === '~') {
+    return os.homedir();
+  }
+
+  if (trimmed.startsWith('~/') || trimmed.startsWith('~\\')) {
+    return path.join(os.homedir(), trimmed.slice(2));
+  }
+
+  return trimmed;
+};
+
+const cleanBranchName = (branch) => {
+  if (!branch) {
+    return branch;
+  }
+  if (branch.startsWith('refs/heads/')) {
+    return branch.substring('refs/heads/'.length);
+  }
+  if (branch.startsWith('heads/')) {
+    return branch.substring('heads/'.length);
+  }
+  if (branch.startsWith('refs/')) {
+    return branch.substring('refs/'.length);
+  }
+  return branch;
+};
+
+const OPENCODE_ADJECTIVES = [
+  'brave',
+  'calm',
+  'clever',
+  'cosmic',
+  'crisp',
+  'curious',
+  'eager',
+  'gentle',
+  'glowing',
+  'happy',
+  'hidden',
+  'jolly',
+  'kind',
+  'lucky',
+  'mighty',
+  'misty',
+  'neon',
+  'nimble',
+  'playful',
+  'proud',
+  'quick',
+  'quiet',
+  'shiny',
+  'silent',
+  'stellar',
+  'sunny',
+  'swift',
+  'tidy',
+  'witty',
+];
+
+const OPENCODE_NOUNS = [
+  'cabin',
+  'cactus',
+  'canyon',
+  'circuit',
+  'comet',
+  'eagle',
+  'engine',
+  'falcon',
+  'forest',
+  'garden',
+  'harbor',
+  'island',
+  'knight',
+  'lagoon',
+  'meadow',
+  'moon',
+  'mountain',
+  'nebula',
+  'orchid',
+  'otter',
+  'panda',
+  'pixel',
+  'planet',
+  'river',
+  'rocket',
+  'sailor',
+  'squid',
+  'star',
+  'tiger',
+  'wizard',
+  'wolf',
+];
+
+const OPENCODE_WORKTREE_ATTEMPTS = 26;
+
+const getOpenCodeDataPath = () => {
+  const xdgDataHome = process.env.XDG_DATA_HOME || path.join(os.homedir(), '.local', 'share');
+  return path.join(xdgDataHome, 'opencode');
+};
+
+const pickRandom = (values) => values[Math.floor(Math.random() * values.length)];
+
+const generateOpenCodeRandomName = () => `${pickRandom(OPENCODE_ADJECTIVES)}-${pickRandom(OPENCODE_NOUNS)}`;
+
+const slugWorktreeName = (value) => {
+  return String(value || '')
+    .trim()
+    .replace(/^refs\/heads\//, '')
+    .replace(/^heads\//, '')
+    .replace(/\s+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '')
+    .split('/').join('-')
+    .replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9._-]+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/-+/g, '-')
+    .replace(/^-+/, '')
+    .replace(/-+$/, '')
+    .slice(0, 80);
+};
+
+const parseWorktreePorcelain = (raw) => {
+  const lines = String(raw || '').split('\n').map((line) => line.trim());
+  const entries = [];
+  let current = null;
+
+  for (const line of lines) {
+    if (!line) {
+      if (current?.worktree) {
+        entries.push(current);
+      }
+      current = null;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (line.startsWith('worktree ')) {
+      if (current?.worktree) {
+        entries.push(current);
+      }
+      current = { worktree: line.substring('worktree '.length).trim() };
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (!current) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (line.startsWith('HEAD ')) {
+      current.head = line.substring('HEAD '.length).trim();
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (line.startsWith('branch ')) {
+      const branchRef = line.substring('branch '.length).trim();
+      current.branchRef = branchRef;
+      current.branch = cleanBranchName(branchRef);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (current?.worktree) {
+    entries.push(current);
+  }
+
+  return entries;
+};
+
+const canonicalPath = async (input) => {
+  const absolutePath = path.resolve(input);
+  const realPath = await fsp.realpath(absolutePath).catch(() => absolutePath);
+  const normalized = path.normalize(realPath);
+  return process.platform === 'win32' ? normalized.toLowerCase() : normalized;
+};
+
+const checkPathExists = async (targetPath) => {
+  try {
+    await fsp.stat(targetPath);
+    return true;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+const normalizeStartRef = (value) => {
+  const trimmed = String(value || '').trim();
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return 'HEAD';
+  }
+  return trimmed;
+};
+
+const parseRemoteBranchRef = (value) => {
+  const trimmed = String(value || '').trim();
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (trimmed.startsWith('refs/remotes/')) {
+    const rest = trimmed.substring('refs/remotes/'.length);
+    const slashIndex = rest.indexOf('/');
+    if (slashIndex <= 0 || slashIndex === rest.length - 1) {
+      return null;
+    }
+    return {
+      remote: rest.slice(0, slashIndex),
+      branch: rest.slice(slashIndex + 1),
+      remoteRef: rest,
+      fullRef: `refs/remotes/${rest}`,
+    };
+  }
+
+  if (trimmed.startsWith('remotes/')) {
+    return parseRemoteBranchRef(`refs/${trimmed}`);
+  }
+
+  const slashIndex = trimmed.indexOf('/');
+  if (slashIndex <= 0 || slashIndex === trimmed.length - 1) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    remote: trimmed.slice(0, slashIndex),
+    branch: trimmed.slice(slashIndex + 1),
+    remoteRef: trimmed,
+    fullRef: `refs/remotes/${trimmed}`,
+  };
+};
+
+const resolveRemoteBranchRef = async (primaryWorktree, value) => {
+  const raw = String(value || '').trim();
+  const parsed = parseRemoteBranchRef(raw);
+  if (!parsed) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  if (raw.startsWith('refs/remotes/') || raw.startsWith('remotes/')) {
+    return parsed;
+  }
+
+  const localRef = `refs/heads/${raw}`;
+  const localExists = await runGitCommand(primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', localRef]);
+  if (localExists.success) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return parsed;
+};
+
+const normalizeUpstreamTarget = (remote, branch) => {
+  const remoteName = String(remote || '').trim();
+  const branchName = String(branch || '').trim();
+  if (!remoteName || !branchName) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return {
+    remote: remoteName,
+    branch: branchName,
+    full: `${remoteName}/${branchName}`,
+  };
+};
+
+const parseGitErrorText = (error) => {
+  const stderr = typeof error?.stderr === 'string' ? error.stderr : '';
+  const stdout = typeof error?.stdout === 'string' ? error.stdout : '';
+  const message = typeof error?.message === 'string' ? error.message : '';
+  return [stderr, stdout, message]
+    .map((chunk) => String(chunk || '').trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .join('\n')
+    .trim();
+};
+
+const runGitCommand = async (cwd, args) => {
+  try {
+    const { stdout, stderr } = await execFileAsync(getGitBinary(), args, {
+      cwd,
+      env: await buildGitEnv(),
+      windowsHide: true,
+      maxBuffer: 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+    });
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      exitCode: 0,
+      stdout: String(stdout || ''),
+      stderr: String(stderr || ''),
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return {
+      success: false,
+      exitCode: typeof error?.code === 'number' ? error.code : 1,
+      stdout: String(error?.stdout || ''),
+      stderr: String(error?.stderr || ''),
+      message: parseGitErrorText(error),
+    };
+  }
+};
+
+const runGitCommandOrThrow = async (cwd, args, fallbackMessage) => {
+  const result = await runGitCommand(cwd, args);
+  if (!result.success) {
+    throw new Error(result.message || fallbackMessage || 'Git command failed');
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+const ensureOpenCodeProjectId = async (primaryWorktree) => {
+  const gitDir = path.join(primaryWorktree, '.git');
+  const idFile = path.join(gitDir, 'opencode');
+  const existing = await fsp.readFile(idFile, 'utf8').then((value) => value.trim()).catch(() => '');
+  if (existing) {
+    return existing;
+  }
+
+  const rootsResult = await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    primaryWorktree,
+    ['rev-list', '--max-parents=0', '--all'],
+    'Failed to resolve repository roots'
+  );
+
+  const roots = rootsResult.stdout
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((line) => line.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .sort((a, b) => a.localeCompare(b));
+
+  const projectId = roots[0] || '';
+  if (!projectId) {
+    throw new Error('Failed to derive OpenCode project ID');
+  }
+
+  await fsp.mkdir(gitDir, { recursive: true }).catch(() => undefined);
+  await fsp.writeFile(idFile, projectId, 'utf8').catch(() => undefined);
+
+  return projectId;
+};
+
+const resolveWorktreeProjectContext = async (directory) => {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  if (!directoryPath) {
+    throw new Error('Directory is required');
+  }
+
+  const topResult = await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    directoryPath,
+    ['rev-parse', '--show-toplevel'],
+    'Failed to resolve git top-level directory'
+  );
+  const sandbox = path.resolve(directoryPath, topResult.stdout.trim());
+
+  const commonResult = await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    sandbox,
+    ['rev-parse', '--git-common-dir'],
+    'Failed to resolve git common directory'
+  );
+  const commonDir = path.resolve(sandbox, commonResult.stdout.trim());
+  const primaryWorktree = path.dirname(commonDir);
+  const projectID = await ensureOpenCodeProjectId(primaryWorktree);
+  const worktreeRoot = path.join(getOpenCodeDataPath(), 'worktree', projectID);
+
+  return {
+    projectID,
+    sandbox,
+    primaryWorktree,
+    worktreeRoot,
+  };
+};
+
+const listWorktreeEntries = async (directory) => {
+  const rawResult = await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    directory,
+    ['worktree', 'list', '--porcelain'],
+    'Failed to list git worktrees'
+  );
+  return parseWorktreePorcelain(rawResult.stdout);
+};
+
+const resolveWorktreeNameCandidates = (baseName) => {
+  const normalizedBase = slugWorktreeName(baseName || '');
+  if (!normalizedBase) {
+    return Array.from({ length: OPENCODE_WORKTREE_ATTEMPTS }, () => generateOpenCodeRandomName());
+  }
+  return Array.from({ length: OPENCODE_WORKTREE_ATTEMPTS }, (_, index) => {
+    if (index === 0) {
+      return normalizedBase;
+    }
+    return `${normalizedBase}-${generateOpenCodeRandomName()}`;
+  });
+};
+
+const resolveCandidateDirectory = async (worktreeRoot, preferredName, explicitBranchName, primaryWorktree) => {
+  const candidates = resolveWorktreeNameCandidates(preferredName);
+
+  for (const name of candidates) {
+    const directory = path.join(worktreeRoot, name);
+    if (await checkPathExists(directory)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if (explicitBranchName) {
+      return { name, directory, branch: explicitBranchName };
+    }
+
+    const branch = `archcoder/${name}`;
+    const branchRef = `refs/heads/${branch}`;
+    const branchExists = await runGitCommand(primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', branchRef]);
+    if (branchExists.success) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    return { name, directory, branch };
+  }
+
+  throw new Error('Failed to generate a unique worktree name');
+};
+
+const resolveBranchForExistingMode = async (primaryWorktree, existingBranch, preferredBranchName) => {
+  const requested = String(existingBranch || '').trim();
+  if (!requested) {
+    throw new Error('existingBranch is required in existing mode');
+  }
+
+  const normalizedLocal = cleanBranchName(requested);
+  const localRef = `refs/heads/${normalizedLocal}`;
+  const localExists = await runGitCommand(primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', localRef]);
+  if (localExists.success) {
+    return {
+      localBranch: normalizedLocal,
+      checkoutRef: normalizedLocal,
+      createLocalBranch: false,
+      remoteRef: null,
+    };
+  }
+
+  const remoteRef = parseRemoteBranchRef(requested);
+  if (!remoteRef) {
+    throw new Error(`Branch not found: ${requested}`);
+  }
+
+  const remoteExists = await runGitCommand(primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', remoteRef.fullRef]);
+  if (!remoteExists.success) {
+    await fetchRemoteBranchRef(primaryWorktree, remoteRef.remote, remoteRef.branch).catch(() => undefined);
+    const recheck = await runGitCommand(primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', remoteRef.fullRef]);
+    if (!recheck.success) {
+      throw new Error(`Remote branch not found: ${requested}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const localBranch = cleanBranchName(preferredBranchName || remoteRef.branch || requested);
+  if (!localBranch) {
+    throw new Error('Failed to resolve local branch name for existing branch worktree');
+  }
+
+  return {
+    localBranch,
+    checkoutRef: remoteRef.remoteRef,
+    createLocalBranch: true,
+    remoteRef,
+  };
+};
+
+const findBranchInUse = async (primaryWorktree, localBranchName) => {
+  if (!localBranchName) {
+    return null;
+  }
+  const entries = await listWorktreeEntries(primaryWorktree);
+  const targetRef = `refs/heads/${localBranchName}`;
+  const targetClean = cleanBranchName(targetRef);
+  return entries.find((entry) => {
+    const entryRef = String(entry.branchRef || '').trim();
+    const entryClean = cleanBranchName(entryRef || entry.branch || '');
+    return entryRef === targetRef || entryClean === targetClean;
+  }) || null;
+};
+
+const runWorktreeStartCommand = async (directory, command) => {
+  const text = String(command || '').trim();
+  if (!text) {
+    return { success: true };
+  }
+
+  if (process.platform === 'win32') {
+    const result = await execFileAsync('cmd', ['/c', text], {
+      cwd: directory,
+      env: await buildGitEnv(),
+      windowsHide: true,
+      maxBuffer: 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+    }).then(({ stdout, stderr }) => ({ success: true, stdout, stderr })).catch((error) => ({
+      success: false,
+      stdout: error?.stdout,
+      stderr: error?.stderr,
+      message: parseGitErrorText(error),
+    }));
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  const result = await execFileAsync('bash', ['-lc', text], {
+    cwd: directory,
+    env: await buildGitEnv(),
+    maxBuffer: 20 * 1024 * 1024,
+  }).then(({ stdout, stderr }) => ({ success: true, stdout, stderr })).catch((error) => ({
+    success: false,
+    stdout: error?.stdout,
+    stderr: error?.stderr,
+    message: parseGitErrorText(error),
+  }));
+  return result;
+};
+
+const loadProjectStartCommand = async (projectID) => {
+  const storagePath = path.join(getOpenCodeDataPath(), 'storage', 'project', `${projectID}.json`);
+  try {
+    const raw = await fsp.readFile(storagePath, 'utf8');
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+    const start = typeof parsed?.commands?.start === 'string' ? parsed.commands.start.trim() : '';
+    return start || '';
+  } catch {
+    return '';
+  }
+};
+
+const getProjectStoragePath = (projectID) => {
+  return path.join(getOpenCodeDataPath(), 'storage', 'project', `${projectID}.json`);
+};
+
+const updateProjectSandboxes = async (projectID, primaryWorktree, updater) => {
+  const storagePath = getProjectStoragePath(projectID);
+  await fsp.mkdir(path.dirname(storagePath), { recursive: true });
+
+  const now = Date.now();
+  const base = {
+    id: projectID,
+    worktree: primaryWorktree,
+    vcs: 'git',
+    sandboxes: [],
+    time: {
+      created: now,
+      updated: now,
+    },
+  };
+
+  const parsed = await fsp.readFile(storagePath, 'utf8').then((raw) => JSON.parse(raw)).catch(() => null);
+  const current = parsed && typeof parsed === 'object' ? { ...base, ...parsed } : base;
+  current.id = String(current.id || projectID);
+  current.worktree = String(current.worktree || primaryWorktree);
+  current.vcs = current.vcs || 'git';
+  current.sandboxes = Array.isArray(current.sandboxes)
+    ? current.sandboxes.map((entry) => String(entry || '').trim()).filter(Boolean)
+    : [];
+  const createdAt = Number(current?.time?.created);
+  current.time = {
+    created: Number.isFinite(createdAt) && createdAt > 0 ? createdAt : now,
+    updated: now,
+  };
+
+  updater(current);
+
+  current.sandboxes = [...new Set(
+    (Array.isArray(current.sandboxes) ? current.sandboxes : [])
+      .map((entry) => String(entry || '').trim())
+      .filter(Boolean)
+  )];
+
+  await fsp.writeFile(storagePath, `${JSON.stringify(current, null, 2)}\n`, 'utf8');
+};
+
+const syncProjectSandboxAdd = async (projectID, primaryWorktree, sandboxPath) => {
+  const sandbox = String(sandboxPath || '').trim();
+  if (!sandbox) {
+    return;
+  }
+  await updateProjectSandboxes(projectID, primaryWorktree, (project) => {
+    if (!project.sandboxes.includes(sandbox)) {
+      project.sandboxes.push(sandbox);
+    }
+  });
+};
+
+const syncProjectSandboxRemove = async (projectID, primaryWorktree, sandboxPath) => {
+  const sandbox = String(sandboxPath || '').trim();
+  if (!sandbox) {
+    return;
+  }
+  await updateProjectSandboxes(projectID, primaryWorktree, (project) => {
+    project.sandboxes = project.sandboxes.filter((entry) => entry !== sandbox);
+  });
+};
+
+const runWorktreeStartScripts = async (directory, projectID, startCommand) => {
+  const projectStart = await loadProjectStartCommand(projectID);
+  if (projectStart) {
+    const projectResult = await runWorktreeStartCommand(directory, projectStart);
+    if (!projectResult.success) {
+      console.warn('Worktree project start command failed:', projectResult.message || projectResult.stderr || projectResult.stdout);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const extraCommand = String(startCommand || '').trim();
+  if (!extraCommand) {
+    return;
+  }
+  const extraResult = await runWorktreeStartCommand(directory, extraCommand);
+  if (!extraResult.success) {
+    console.warn('Worktree start command failed:', extraResult.message || extraResult.stderr || extraResult.stdout);
+  }
+};
+
+const queueWorktreeBootstrap = (args) => {
+  const {
+    directory,
+    projectID,
+    primaryWorktree,
+    localBranch,
+    setUpstream,
+    upstreamRemote,
+    upstreamBranch,
+    ensureRemoteName,
+    ensureRemoteUrl,
+    startCommand,
+  } = args;
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    const run = async () => {
+      await runGitCommandOrThrow(directory, ['reset', '--hard'], 'Failed to populate worktree');
+      if (setUpstream) {
+        await applyUpstreamConfiguration({
+          primaryWorktree,
+          worktreeDirectory: directory,
+          localBranch,
+          setUpstream,
+          upstreamRemote,
+          upstreamBranch,
+          ensureRemoteName,
+          ensureRemoteUrl,
+        }).catch((error) => {
+          console.warn('Worktree upstream configuration failed:', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+        });
+      }
+      await runWorktreeStartScripts(directory, projectID, startCommand).catch((error) => {
+        console.warn('Worktree start script task failed:', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+      });
+      setWorktreeBootstrapState(directory, WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_READY);
+    };
+
+    void run().catch((error) => {
+      setWorktreeBootstrapState(
+        directory,
+        WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_FAILED,
+        error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)
+      );
+      console.warn('Worktree bootstrap task failed:', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+    });
+  }, 0);
+};
+
+const ensureRemoteWithUrl = async (primaryWorktree, remoteName, remoteUrl) => {
+  const name = String(remoteName || '').trim();
+  const url = String(remoteUrl || '').trim();
+  if (!name || !url) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const getUrl = await runGitCommand(primaryWorktree, ['remote', 'get-url', name]);
+  if (getUrl.success) {
+    const currentUrl = String(getUrl.stdout || '').trim();
+    if (currentUrl !== url) {
+      await runGitCommandOrThrow(primaryWorktree, ['remote', 'set-url', name, url], 'Failed to update git remote URL');
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await runGitCommandOrThrow(primaryWorktree, ['remote', 'add', name, url], 'Failed to add git remote');
+};
+
+const fetchRemoteBranchRef = async (primaryWorktree, remoteName, branchName) => {
+  const remote = String(remoteName || '').trim();
+  const branch = String(branchName || '').trim();
+  if (!remote || !branch) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const refspec = `+refs/heads/${branch}:refs/remotes/${remote}/${branch}`;
+  await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    primaryWorktree,
+    ['fetch', remote, refspec],
+    `Failed to fetch ${remote}/${branch}`
+  );
+};
+
+const checkRemoteBranchExists = async (primaryWorktree, remoteName, branchName, remoteUrl = '') => {
+  const remote = String(remoteName || '').trim();
+  const branch = String(branchName || '').trim();
+  const url = String(remoteUrl || '').trim();
+  if (!remote || !branch) {
+    return { success: false, found: false };
+  }
+
+  const target = url || remote;
+  const lsRemote = await runGitCommand(
+    primaryWorktree,
+    ['ls-remote', '--heads', target, `refs/heads/${branch}`]
+  );
+  if (!lsRemote.success) {
+    return { success: false, found: false };
+  }
+
+  return {
+    success: true,
+    found: Boolean(String(lsRemote.stdout || '').trim()),
+  };
+};
+
+const setBranchTrackingFallback = async (worktreeDirectory, localBranch, upstream) => {
+  await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    worktreeDirectory,
+    ['config', `branch.${localBranch}.remote`, upstream.remote],
+    `Failed to set branch.${localBranch}.remote`
+  );
+  await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    worktreeDirectory,
+    ['config', `branch.${localBranch}.merge`, `refs/heads/${upstream.branch}`],
+    `Failed to set branch.${localBranch}.merge`
+  );
+};
+
+const applyUpstreamConfiguration = async (args) => {
+  const {
+    primaryWorktree,
+    worktreeDirectory,
+    localBranch,
+    setUpstream,
+    upstreamRemote,
+    upstreamBranch,
+    ensureRemoteName,
+    ensureRemoteUrl,
+  } = args;
+
+  if (!setUpstream) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (ensureRemoteName && ensureRemoteUrl) {
+    await ensureRemoteWithUrl(primaryWorktree, ensureRemoteName, ensureRemoteUrl);
+  }
+
+  const upstream = normalizeUpstreamTarget(upstreamRemote, upstreamBranch);
+  if (!upstream || !localBranch) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let fetched = true;
+  try {
+    await fetchRemoteBranchRef(primaryWorktree, upstream.remote, upstream.branch);
+  } catch {
+    fetched = false;
+  }
+
+  if (fetched) {
+    await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+      worktreeDirectory,
+      ['branch', `--set-upstream-to=${upstream.full}`, localBranch],
+      `Failed to set upstream to ${upstream.full}`
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  await setBranchTrackingFallback(worktreeDirectory, localBranch, upstream);
+};
+
+export async function isGitRepository(directory) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  if (!directoryPath || !fs.existsSync(directoryPath)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const gitDir = path.join(directoryPath, '.git');
+  return fs.existsSync(gitDir);
+}
+
+export async function getGlobalIdentity() {
+  const git = await createGit();
+
+  try {
+    const userName = await git.getConfig('user.name', 'global').catch(() => null);
+    const userEmail = await git.getConfig('user.email', 'global').catch(() => null);
+    const sshCommand = await git.getConfig('core.sshCommand', 'global').catch(() => null);
+
+    return {
+      userName: userName?.value || null,
+      userEmail: userEmail?.value || null,
+      sshCommand: sshCommand?.value || null
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get global Git identity:', error);
+    return {
+      userName: null,
+      userEmail: null,
+      sshCommand: null
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getRemoteUrl(directory, remoteName = 'origin') {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const url = await git.remote(['get-url', remoteName]);
+    return url?.trim() || null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getCurrentIdentity(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+
+    const userName = await git.getConfig('user.name', 'local').catch(() =>
+      git.getConfig('user.name', 'global')
+    );
+
+    const userEmail = await git.getConfig('user.email', 'local').catch(() =>
+      git.getConfig('user.email', 'global')
+    );
+
+    const sshCommand = await git.getConfig('core.sshCommand', 'local').catch(() =>
+      git.getConfig('core.sshCommand', 'global')
+    );
+
+    return {
+      userName: userName?.value || null,
+      userEmail: userEmail?.value || null,
+      sshCommand: sshCommand?.value || null
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get current Git identity:', error);
+    return {
+      userName: null,
+      userEmail: null,
+      sshCommand: null
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+export async function hasLocalIdentity(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const localName = await git.getConfig('user.name', 'local').catch(() => null);
+    const localEmail = await git.getConfig('user.email', 'local').catch(() => null);
+    return Boolean(localName?.value || localEmail?.value);
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function setLocalIdentity(directory, profile) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+
+    await git.addConfig('user.name', profile.userName, false, 'local');
+    await git.addConfig('user.email', profile.userEmail, false, 'local');
+
+    const authType = profile.authType || 'ssh';
+
+    if (authType === 'ssh' && profile.sshKey) {
+      await git.addConfig(
+        'core.sshCommand',
+        buildSshCommand(profile.sshKey),
+        false,
+        'local'
+      );
+      await git.raw(['config', '--local', '--unset', 'credential.helper']).catch(() => {});
+    } else if (authType === 'token' && profile.host) {
+      await git.addConfig(
+        'credential.helper',
+        'store',
+        false,
+        'local'
+      );
+      await git.raw(['config', '--local', '--unset', 'core.sshCommand']).catch(() => {});
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to set Git identity:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getStatus(directory) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  const git = await createGit(directoryPath);
+
+  try {
+    // Use -uall to show all untracked files individually, not just directories
+    const status = await git.status(['-uall']);
+
+    const [stagedStatsRaw, workingStatsRaw] = await Promise.all([
+      git.raw(['diff', '--cached', '--numstat']).catch(() => ''),
+      git.raw(['diff', '--numstat']).catch(() => ''),
+    ]);
+
+    const diffStatsMap = new Map();
+
+    const accumulateStats = (raw) => {
+      if (!raw) return;
+      raw
+        .split('\n')
+        .map((line) => line.trim())
+        .filter(Boolean)
+        .forEach((line) => {
+          const parts = line.split('\t');
+          if (parts.length < 3) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const [insertionsRaw, deletionsRaw, ...pathParts] = parts;
+          const path = pathParts.join('\t');
+          if (!path) {
+            return;
+          }
+          const insertions = insertionsRaw === '-' ? 0 : parseInt(insertionsRaw, 10) || 0;
+          const deletions = deletionsRaw === '-' ? 0 : parseInt(deletionsRaw, 10) || 0;
+
+          const existing = diffStatsMap.get(path) || { insertions: 0, deletions: 0 };
+          diffStatsMap.set(path, {
+            insertions: existing.insertions + insertions,
+            deletions: existing.deletions + deletions,
+          });
+        });
+    };
+
+    accumulateStats(stagedStatsRaw);
+    accumulateStats(workingStatsRaw);
+
+    const diffStats = Object.fromEntries(diffStatsMap.entries());
+
+    const newFileStats = await Promise.all(
+      status.files.map(async (file) => {
+        const working = (file.working_dir || '').trim();
+        const indexStatus = (file.index || '').trim();
+        const statusCode = working || indexStatus;
+
+        if (statusCode !== '?' && statusCode !== 'A') {
+          return null;
+        }
+
+        const existing = diffStats[file.path];
+        if (existing && existing.insertions > 0) {
+          return null;
+        }
+
+        const absolutePath = path.join(directoryPath, file.path);
+
+        try {
+          const stat = await fsp.stat(absolutePath);
+          if (!stat.isFile()) {
+            return null;
+          }
+
+          const buffer = await fsp.readFile(absolutePath);
+          if (buffer.indexOf(0) !== -1) {
+            return {
+              path: file.path,
+              insertions: existing?.insertions ?? 0,
+              deletions: existing?.deletions ?? 0,
+            };
+          }
+
+          const normalized = buffer.toString('utf8').replace(/\r\n/g, '\n');
+          if (!normalized.length) {
+            return {
+              path: file.path,
+              insertions: 0,
+              deletions: 0,
+            };
+          }
+
+          const segments = normalized.split('\n');
+          if (normalized.endsWith('\n')) {
+            segments.pop();
+          }
+
+          const lineCount = segments.length;
+          return {
+            path: file.path,
+            insertions: lineCount,
+            deletions: 0,
+          };
+        } catch (error) {
+          console.warn('Failed to estimate diff stats for new file', file.path, error);
+          return null;
+        }
+      })
+    );
+
+    for (const entry of newFileStats) {
+      if (!entry) continue;
+      diffStats[entry.path] = {
+        insertions: entry.insertions,
+        deletions: entry.deletions,
+      };
+    }
+
+    const selectBaseRefForUnpublished = async () => {
+      const candidates = [];
+
+      const originHead = await git
+        .raw(['symbolic-ref', '-q', 'refs/remotes/origin/HEAD'])
+        .then((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+        .catch(() => '');
+
+      if (originHead) {
+        // "refs/remotes/origin/main" -> "origin/main"
+        candidates.push(originHead.replace(/^refs\/remotes\//, ''));
+      }
+
+      candidates.push('origin/main', 'origin/master', 'main', 'master');
+
+      for (const ref of candidates) {
+        const exists = await git
+          .raw(['rev-parse', '--verify', ref])
+          .then((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+          .catch(() => '');
+        if (exists) return ref;
+      }
+
+      return null;
+    };
+
+    let tracking = status.tracking || null;
+    let ahead = status.ahead;
+    let behind = status.behind;
+
+    // When no upstream is configured (common for new worktree branches), Git doesn't report ahead/behind.
+    // We still want to show the number of unpublished commits to the user.
+    if (!tracking && status.current) {
+      const baseRef = await selectBaseRefForUnpublished();
+      if (baseRef) {
+        const countRaw = await git
+          .raw(['rev-list', '--count', `${baseRef}..HEAD`])
+          .then((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+          .catch(() => '');
+        const count = parseInt(countRaw, 10);
+        if (Number.isFinite(count)) {
+          ahead = count;
+          behind = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Check for in-progress operations
+    let mergeInProgress = null;
+    let rebaseInProgress = null;
+
+    try {
+      // Check MERGE_HEAD for merge in progress
+      const mergeHeadExists = await git
+        .raw(['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'MERGE_HEAD'])
+        .then(() => true)
+        .catch(() => false);
+      
+      if (mergeHeadExists) {
+        const mergeHead = await git.raw(['rev-parse', 'MERGE_HEAD']).catch(() => '');
+        const headSha = mergeHead.trim().slice(0, 7);
+        // Only set mergeInProgress if we actually have a valid head SHA
+        if (headSha) {
+          const mergeMsg = await fsp.readFile(path.join(directoryPath, '.git', 'MERGE_MSG'), 'utf8').catch(() => '');
+          mergeInProgress = {
+            head: headSha,
+            message: mergeMsg.split('\n')[0] || '',
+          };
+        }
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Check for rebase in progress (.git/rebase-merge or .git/rebase-apply)
+      const rebaseMergeExists = await fsp.stat(path.join(directoryPath, '.git', 'rebase-merge')).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
+      const rebaseApplyExists = await fsp.stat(path.join(directoryPath, '.git', 'rebase-apply')).then(() => true).catch(() => false);
+      
+      if (rebaseMergeExists || rebaseApplyExists) {
+        const rebaseDir = rebaseMergeExists ? 'rebase-merge' : 'rebase-apply';
+        const headName = await fsp.readFile(path.join(directoryPath, '.git', rebaseDir, 'head-name'), 'utf8').catch(() => '');
+        const onto = await fsp.readFile(path.join(directoryPath, '.git', rebaseDir, 'onto'), 'utf8').catch(() => '');
+        
+        const headNameTrimmed = headName.trim().replace('refs/heads/', '');
+        const ontoTrimmed = onto.trim().slice(0, 7);
+        
+        // Only set rebaseInProgress if we have valid data
+        if (headNameTrimmed || ontoTrimmed) {
+          rebaseInProgress = {
+            headName: headNameTrimmed,
+            onto: ontoTrimmed,
+          };
+        }
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // ignore
+    }
+
+    return {
+      current: status.current,
+      tracking,
+      ahead,
+      behind,
+      files: status.files.map((f) => ({
+        path: f.path,
+        index: f.index,
+        working_dir: f.working_dir,
+      })),
+      isClean: status.isClean(),
+      diffStats,
+      mergeInProgress,
+      rebaseInProgress,
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get Git status:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getDiff(directory, { path, staged = false, contextLines = 3 } = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const args = ['diff', '--no-color'];
+
+    if (typeof contextLines === 'number' && !Number.isNaN(contextLines)) {
+      args.push(`-U${Math.max(0, contextLines)}`);
+    }
+
+    if (staged) {
+      args.push('--cached');
+    }
+
+    if (path) {
+      args.push('--', path);
+    }
+
+    const diff = await git.raw(args);
+    if (diff && diff.trim().length > 0) {
+      return diff;
+    }
+
+    if (staged) {
+      return diff;
+    }
+
+    try {
+      await git.raw(['ls-files', '--error-unmatch', path]);
+      return diff;
+    } catch {
+      const noIndexArgs = ['diff', '--no-color'];
+      if (typeof contextLines === 'number' && !Number.isNaN(contextLines)) {
+        noIndexArgs.push(`-U${Math.max(0, contextLines)}`);
+      }
+      noIndexArgs.push('--no-index', '--', '/dev/null', path);
+      try {
+        const noIndexDiff = await git.raw(noIndexArgs);
+        return noIndexDiff;
+      } catch (noIndexError) {
+        // git diff --no-index returns exit code 1 when differences exist (not a real error)
+        if (noIndexError.exitCode === 1 && noIndexError.message) {
+          return noIndexError.message;
+        }
+        throw noIndexError;
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get Git diff:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getRangeDiff(directory, { base, head, path, contextLines = 3 } = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+  const baseRef = typeof base === 'string' ? base.trim() : '';
+  const headRef = typeof head === 'string' ? head.trim() : '';
+  if (!baseRef || !headRef) {
+    throw new Error('base and head are required');
+  }
+
+  // Prefer remote-tracking base ref so merged commits don't reappear
+  // when local base branch is stale (common when user stays on feature branch).
+  let resolvedBase = baseRef;
+  const originCandidate = `refs/remotes/origin/${baseRef}`;
+  try {
+    const verified = await git.raw(['rev-parse', '--verify', originCandidate]);
+    if (verified && verified.trim()) {
+      resolvedBase = `origin/${baseRef}`;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+
+  const args = ['diff', '--no-color'];
+  if (typeof contextLines === 'number' && !Number.isNaN(contextLines)) {
+    args.push(`-U${Math.max(0, contextLines)}`);
+  }
+  args.push(`${resolvedBase}...${headRef}`);
+  if (path) {
+    args.push('--', path);
+  }
+  const diff = await git.raw(args);
+  return diff;
+}
+
+export async function getRangeFiles(directory, { base, head } = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+  const baseRef = typeof base === 'string' ? base.trim() : '';
+  const headRef = typeof head === 'string' ? head.trim() : '';
+  if (!baseRef || !headRef) {
+    throw new Error('base and head are required');
+  }
+
+  let resolvedBase = baseRef;
+  const originCandidate = `refs/remotes/origin/${baseRef}`;
+  try {
+    const verified = await git.raw(['rev-parse', '--verify', originCandidate]);
+    if (verified && verified.trim()) {
+      resolvedBase = `origin/${baseRef}`;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // ignore
+  }
+
+  const raw = await git.raw(['diff', '--name-only', `${resolvedBase}...${headRef}`]);
+  return String(raw || '')
+    .split('\n')
+    .map((l) => l.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean);
+}
+
+const IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = ['png', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'gif', 'svg', 'webp', 'ico', 'bmp', 'avif'];
+
+const BINARY_SNIFF_BYTES = 8192;
+
+function isImageFile(filePath) {
+  const ext = filePath.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase();
+  return IMAGE_EXTENSIONS.includes(ext || '');
+}
+
+function getImageMimeType(filePath) {
+  const ext = filePath.split('.').pop()?.toLowerCase();
+  const mimeMap = {
+    'png': 'image/png',
+    'jpg': 'image/jpeg',
+    'jpeg': 'image/jpeg',
+    'gif': 'image/gif',
+    'svg': 'image/svg+xml',
+    'webp': 'image/webp',
+    'ico': 'image/x-icon',
+    'bmp': 'image/bmp',
+    'avif': 'image/avif',
+  };
+  return mimeMap[ext] || 'application/octet-stream';
+}
+
+const parseIsBinaryFromNumstat = (raw) => {
+  const text = String(raw || '').trim();
+  if (!text) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Expected format: <added>\t<deleted>\t<path>
+  const firstLine = text.split('\n').map((line) => line.trim()).find(Boolean) || '';
+  const [added, deleted] = firstLine.split('\t');
+  return added === '-' || deleted === '-';
+};
+
+const looksBinaryBySniff = async (absolutePath) => {
+  try {
+    const handle = await fsp.open(absolutePath, 'r');
+    try {
+      const buffer = Buffer.alloc(BINARY_SNIFF_BYTES);
+      const { bytesRead } = await handle.read(buffer, 0, BINARY_SNIFF_BYTES, 0);
+      if (bytesRead <= 0) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      return buffer.subarray(0, bytesRead).includes(0);
+    } finally {
+      await handle.close();
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+const isBinaryDiff = async (directoryPath, filePath, staged) => {
+  // Fast path: ask git for numstat. For binary, it returns "-\t-\t<path>".
+  const args = ['diff', '--numstat'];
+  if (staged) {
+    args.push('--cached');
+  }
+  args.push('--', filePath);
+
+  const result = await runGitCommand(directoryPath, args);
+  if (parseIsBinaryFromNumstat(result.stdout)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Fallback for untracked files (diff output is empty): use --no-index against /dev/null
+  if (!staged) {
+    const tracked = await runGitCommand(directoryPath, ['ls-files', '--error-unmatch', '--', filePath]).then((r) => r.success);
+    if (!tracked) {
+      const noIndex = await runGitCommand(directoryPath, ['diff', '--no-index', '--numstat', '--', '/dev/null', filePath]);
+      if (parseIsBinaryFromNumstat(noIndex.stdout) || parseIsBinaryFromNumstat(noIndex.stderr) || parseIsBinaryFromNumstat(noIndex.message)) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      const text = `${noIndex.stdout || ''}\n${noIndex.stderr || ''}\n${noIndex.message || ''}`.toLowerCase();
+      if (text.includes('binary files') || text.includes('git binary patch')) {
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+};
+
+export async function getFileDiff(directory, { path: filePath, staged = false } = {}) {
+  if (!directory || !filePath) {
+    throw new Error('directory and path are required for getFileDiff');
+  }
+
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  const git = await createGit(directoryPath);
+  const isImage = isImageFile(filePath);
+  const mimeType = isImage ? getImageMimeType(filePath) : null;
+
+  if (!isImage) {
+    const absolutePath = path.join(directoryPath, filePath);
+    const isBinaryBySniff = await looksBinaryBySniff(absolutePath);
+    const isBinary = isBinaryBySniff || (await isBinaryDiff(directoryPath, filePath, staged));
+    if (isBinary) {
+      return {
+        original: '',
+        modified: '',
+        path: filePath,
+        isBinary: true,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  let original = '';
+  try {
+    if (isImage) {
+      // For images, use git show with raw output and convert to base64
+      try {
+        const { stdout } = await execFileAsync(getGitBinary(), ['show', `HEAD:${filePath}`], {
+          cwd: directoryPath,
+          encoding: 'buffer',
+          windowsHide: true,
+          maxBuffer: 50 * 1024 * 1024, // 50MB max
+        });
+        if (stdout && stdout.length > 0) {
+          original = `data:${mimeType};base64,${stdout.toString('base64')}`;
+        }
+      } catch {
+        original = '';
+      }
+    } else {
+      original = await git.show([`HEAD:${filePath}`]);
+    }
+  } catch {
+    original = '';
+  }
+
+  const fullPath = path.join(directoryPath, filePath);
+  let modified = '';
+  try {
+    const stat = await fsp.stat(fullPath);
+    if (stat.isFile()) {
+      if (isImage) {
+        // For images, read as binary and convert to data URL
+        const buffer = await fsp.readFile(fullPath);
+        modified = `data:${mimeType};base64,${buffer.toString('base64')}`;
+      } else {
+        modified = await fsp.readFile(fullPath, 'utf8');
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error && typeof error === 'object' && error.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      modified = '';
+    } else {
+      console.error('Failed to read modified file contents for diff:', error);
+      throw error;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    original,
+    modified,
+    path: filePath,
+    isBinary: false,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function revertFile(directory, filePath) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  const git = await createGit(directoryPath);
+  const repoRoot = path.resolve(directoryPath);
+  const absoluteTarget = path.resolve(repoRoot, filePath);
+
+  if (!absoluteTarget.startsWith(repoRoot + path.sep) && absoluteTarget !== repoRoot) {
+    throw new Error('Invalid file path');
+  }
+
+  const isTracked = await git
+    .raw(['ls-files', '--error-unmatch', filePath])
+    .then(() => true)
+    .catch(() => false);
+
+  if (!isTracked) {
+    try {
+      await git.raw(['clean', '-f', '-d', '--', filePath]);
+      return;
+    } catch (cleanError) {
+      try {
+        await fsp.rm(absoluteTarget, { recursive: true, force: true });
+        return;
+      } catch (fsError) {
+        if (fsError && typeof fsError === 'object' && fsError.code === 'ENOENT') {
+          return;
+        }
+        console.error('Failed to remove untracked file during revert:', fsError);
+        throw fsError;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    await git.raw(['restore', '--staged', filePath]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    await git.raw(['reset', 'HEAD', '--', filePath]).catch(() => {});
+  }
+
+  try {
+    await git.raw(['restore', filePath]);
+  } catch (error) {
+    try {
+      await git.raw(['checkout', '--', filePath]);
+    } catch (fallbackError) {
+      console.error('Failed to revert git file:', fallbackError);
+      throw fallbackError;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function collectDiffs(directory, files = []) {
+  const results = [];
+  for (const filePath of files) {
+    try {
+      const diff = await getDiff(directory, { path: filePath });
+      if (diff && diff.trim().length > 0) {
+        results.push({ path: filePath, diff });
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(`Failed to diff ${filePath}:`, error);
+    }
+  }
+  return results;
+}
+
+export async function pull(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const result = await git.pull(
+      options.remote || 'origin',
+      options.branch,
+      options.options || {}
+    );
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      summary: result.summary,
+      files: result.files,
+      insertions: result.insertions,
+      deletions: result.deletions
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to pull:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function push(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  const describePushError = (error) => {
+    const fromNestedGit = error?.git && typeof error.git === 'object'
+      ? [error.git.message, error.git.stderr, error.git.stdout]
+      : [];
+    const candidates = [
+      error?.message,
+      error?.stderr,
+      error?.stdout,
+      ...fromNestedGit,
+    ]
+      .map((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+
+    return candidates[0] || 'Failed to push to remote';
+  };
+
+  const buildUpstreamOptions = (raw) => {
+    if (Array.isArray(raw)) {
+      return raw.includes('--set-upstream') ? raw : [...raw, '--set-upstream'];
+    }
+
+    if (raw && typeof raw === 'object') {
+      return { ...raw, '--set-upstream': null };
+    }
+
+    return ['--set-upstream'];
+  };
+
+  const looksLikeMissingUpstream = (error) => {
+    const message = String(error?.message || error?.stderr || '').toLowerCase();
+    return (
+      message.includes('has no upstream') ||
+      message.includes('no upstream') ||
+      message.includes('set-upstream') ||
+      message.includes('set upstream') ||
+      (message.includes('upstream') && message.includes('push') && message.includes('-u'))
+    );
+  };
+
+  const normalizePushResult = (result) => {
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      pushed: result.pushed,
+      repo: result.repo,
+      ref: result.ref,
+    };
+  };
+
+  const remote = String(options.remote || '').trim();
+
+  if (!remote && !options.branch) {
+    try {
+      await git.push();
+      return {
+        success: true,
+        pushed: [],
+        repo: directory,
+        ref: null,
+      };
+    } catch (error) {
+      if (!looksLikeMissingUpstream(error)) {
+        const message = describePushError(error);
+        console.error('Failed to push:', error);
+        throw new Error(message);
+      }
+
+      try {
+        const status = await git.status();
+        const branch = status.current;
+        const remotes = await git.getRemotes(true);
+        const fallbackRemote = remotes.find((entry) => entry.name === 'origin')?.name || remotes[0]?.name;
+        if (!branch || !fallbackRemote) {
+          const message = describePushError(error);
+          throw new Error(message);
+        }
+
+        const result = await git.push(fallbackRemote, branch, buildUpstreamOptions(options.options));
+        return normalizePushResult(result);
+      } catch (fallbackError) {
+        const message = describePushError(fallbackError);
+        console.error('Failed to push (including upstream fallback):', fallbackError);
+        throw new Error(message);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const remoteName = remote || 'origin';
+
+  // If caller didn't specify a branch, this is the common "Push"/"Commit & Push" path.
+  // When there's no upstream yet (typical for freshly-created worktree branches), publish it on first push.
+  if (!options.branch) {
+    try {
+      const status = await git.status();
+      if (status.current && !status.tracking) {
+        const result = await git.push(remoteName, status.current, buildUpstreamOptions(options.options));
+        return normalizePushResult(result);
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      // If we can't read status, fall back to the regular push path below.
+      console.warn('Failed to read git status before push:', error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const result = await git.push(remoteName, options.branch, options.options || {});
+    return normalizePushResult(result);
+  } catch (error) {
+    // Last-resort fallback: retry with upstream if the error suggests it's missing.
+    if (!looksLikeMissingUpstream(error)) {
+      const message = describePushError(error);
+      console.error('Failed to push:', error);
+      throw new Error(message);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const status = await git.status();
+      const branch = options.branch || status.current;
+      if (!branch) {
+        console.error('Failed to push: missing branch name for upstream setup:', error);
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      const result = await git.push(remoteName, branch, buildUpstreamOptions(options.options));
+      return normalizePushResult(result);
+    } catch (fallbackError) {
+      const message = describePushError(fallbackError);
+      console.error('Failed to push (including upstream fallback):', fallbackError);
+      throw new Error(message);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export async function deleteRemoteBranch(directory, options = {}) {
+  const { branch, remote } = options;
+  if (!branch) {
+    throw new Error('branch is required to delete remote branch');
+  }
+
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+  const targetBranch = branch.startsWith('refs/heads/')
+    ? branch.substring('refs/heads/'.length)
+    : branch;
+  const remoteName = remote || 'origin';
+
+  try {
+    await git.push(remoteName, `:${targetBranch}`);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to delete remote branch:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function fetch(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.fetch(
+      options.remote || 'origin',
+      options.branch,
+      options.options || {}
+    );
+
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to fetch:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function commit(directory, message, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const requestedFiles = Array.isArray(options.files)
+      ? options.files
+        .map((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+        .filter(Boolean)
+      : [];
+    let filesToCommit = requestedFiles;
+
+    if (options.addAll) {
+      await git.add('.');
+    } else if (requestedFiles.length > 0) {
+      const status = await git.status();
+      const fileStatusByPath = new Map(status.files.map((file) => [file.path, file]));
+      filesToCommit = requestedFiles.filter((filePath) => fileStatusByPath.has(filePath));
+
+      if (filesToCommit.length === 0) {
+        throw new Error('No selected files are available to commit. Refresh git status and try again.');
+      }
+
+      const filesNeedingAdd = filesToCommit.filter((filePath) => {
+        const fileStatus = fileStatusByPath.get(filePath);
+        if (!fileStatus) {
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        const alreadyFullyStaged = fileStatus.index !== ' ' && fileStatus.working_dir === ' ';
+        return !alreadyFullyStaged;
+      });
+
+      if (filesNeedingAdd.length > 0) {
+        await git.add(filesNeedingAdd);
+      }
+    }
+
+    const commitArgs =
+      !options.addAll && filesToCommit.length > 0
+        ? filesToCommit
+        : undefined;
+
+    let result;
+    try {
+      result = await git.commit(message, commitArgs);
+    } catch (error) {
+      const gitErrorText = parseGitErrorText(error);
+      const isPathspecError = gitErrorText.includes('pathspec') && gitErrorText.includes('did not match any files');
+      if (!isPathspecError || !commitArgs || commitArgs.length === 0) {
+        throw error;
+      }
+
+      // Fallback for deleted/stale selections: commit currently staged changes.
+      result = await git.commit(message);
+    }
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      commit: result.commit,
+      branch: result.branch,
+      summary: result.summary
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to commit:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getBranches(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const result = await git.branch();
+
+    const allBranches = result.all;
+    const remoteBranches = allBranches.filter(branch => branch.startsWith('remotes/'));
+    const activeRemoteBranches = await filterActiveRemoteBranches(git, remoteBranches);
+
+    const filteredAll = [
+      ...allBranches.filter(branch => !branch.startsWith('remotes/')),
+      ...activeRemoteBranches
+    ];
+
+    return {
+      all: filteredAll,
+      current: result.current,
+      branches: result.branches
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get branches:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+async function filterActiveRemoteBranches(git, remoteBranches) {
+  try {
+
+    const lsRemoteResult = await git.raw(['ls-remote', '--heads', 'origin']);
+    const actualRemoteBranches = new Set();
+
+    const lines = lsRemoteResult.trim().split('\n');
+    for (const line of lines) {
+      if (line.includes('\trefs/heads/')) {
+        const branchName = line.split('\t')[1].replace('refs/heads/', '');
+        actualRemoteBranches.add(branchName);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return remoteBranches.filter(remoteBranch => {
+
+      const match = remoteBranch.match(/^remotes\/[^\/]+\/(.+)$/);
+      if (!match) return false;
+
+      const branchName = match[1];
+      return actualRemoteBranches.has(branchName);
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.warn('Failed to filter active remote branches, returning all:', error.message);
+    return remoteBranches;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function createBranch(directory, branchName, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.checkoutBranch(branchName, options.startPoint || 'HEAD');
+    return { success: true, branch: branchName };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to create branch:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function checkoutBranch(directory, branchName) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.checkout(branchName);
+    return { success: true, branch: branchName };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to checkout branch:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getWorktrees(directory) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  if (!directoryPath || !fs.existsSync(directoryPath) || !fs.existsSync(path.join(directoryPath, '.git'))) {
+    return [];
+  }
+  try {
+    const result = await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+      directoryPath,
+      ['worktree', 'list', '--porcelain'],
+      'Failed to list git worktrees'
+    );
+    return parseWorktreePorcelain(result.stdout).map((entry) => ({
+      head: entry.head || '',
+      name: path.basename(entry.worktree || ''),
+      branch: entry.branch || '',
+      path: entry.worktree,
+    }));
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.warn('Failed to list worktrees, returning empty list:', error?.message || error);
+    return [];
+  }
+}
+
+export async function validateWorktreeCreate(directory, input = {}) {
+  const mode = input?.mode === 'existing' ? 'existing' : 'new';
+  const errors = [];
+
+  try {
+    const context = await resolveWorktreeProjectContext(directory);
+    const preferredBranchName = cleanBranchName(String(input?.branchName || '').trim());
+    const startRef = normalizeStartRef(input?.startRef);
+    const ensureRemoteName = String(input?.ensureRemoteName || '').trim();
+    const ensureRemoteUrl = String(input?.ensureRemoteUrl || '').trim();
+
+    let localBranch = '';
+    let inferredUpstream = null;
+
+    if (mode === 'existing') {
+      try {
+        const requestedExistingBranch = String(input?.existingBranch || '').trim();
+        const parsedExistingRemote = await resolveRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, requestedExistingBranch);
+        if (parsedExistingRemote && ensureRemoteName && ensureRemoteUrl && ensureRemoteName === parsedExistingRemote.remote) {
+          const lsRemote = await runGitCommand(
+            context.primaryWorktree,
+            ['ls-remote', '--heads', ensureRemoteUrl, `refs/heads/${parsedExistingRemote.branch}`]
+          );
+          if (!lsRemote.success) {
+            throw new Error(`Unable to query remote ${ensureRemoteName}`);
+          }
+          if (!String(lsRemote.stdout || '').trim()) {
+            throw new Error(`Remote branch not found: ${parsedExistingRemote.remoteRef}`);
+          }
+          localBranch = cleanBranchName(preferredBranchName || parsedExistingRemote.branch);
+          inferredUpstream = {
+            remote: parsedExistingRemote.remote,
+            branch: parsedExistingRemote.branch,
+          };
+        } else {
+          const resolved = await resolveBranchForExistingMode(context.primaryWorktree, requestedExistingBranch, preferredBranchName);
+          localBranch = resolved.localBranch || '';
+          if (resolved.remoteRef) {
+            inferredUpstream = {
+              remote: resolved.remoteRef.remote,
+              branch: resolved.remoteRef.branch,
+            };
+          }
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        errors.push({
+          code: 'branch_not_found',
+          message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Existing branch not found',
+        });
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (preferredBranchName) {
+        const exists = await runGitCommand(context.primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', `refs/heads/${preferredBranchName}`]);
+        if (exists.success) {
+          errors.push({
+            code: 'branch_exists',
+            message: `Branch already exists: ${preferredBranchName}`,
+          });
+        }
+        localBranch = preferredBranchName;
+      }
+
+      const parsedRemoteRef = await resolveRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, startRef);
+      if (startRef && startRef !== 'HEAD') {
+        if (parsedRemoteRef && ensureRemoteName && ensureRemoteUrl && ensureRemoteName === parsedRemoteRef.remote) {
+          const remoteCheck = await checkRemoteBranchExists(
+            context.primaryWorktree,
+            parsedRemoteRef.remote,
+            parsedRemoteRef.branch,
+            ensureRemoteUrl
+          );
+          if (!remoteCheck.success) {
+            errors.push({
+              code: 'remote_unreachable',
+              message: `Unable to query remote ${ensureRemoteName}`,
+            });
+          } else if (!remoteCheck.found) {
+            errors.push({
+              code: 'start_ref_not_found',
+              message: `Remote branch not found: ${parsedRemoteRef.remoteRef}`,
+            });
+          }
+        } else if (parsedRemoteRef) {
+          const remoteCheck = await checkRemoteBranchExists(
+            context.primaryWorktree,
+            parsedRemoteRef.remote,
+            parsedRemoteRef.branch
+          );
+          if (!remoteCheck.success) {
+            errors.push({
+              code: 'remote_unreachable',
+              message: `Unable to query remote ${parsedRemoteRef.remote}`,
+            });
+          } else if (!remoteCheck.found) {
+            errors.push({
+              code: 'start_ref_not_found',
+              message: `Remote branch not found: ${parsedRemoteRef.remoteRef}`,
+            });
+          }
+        } else {
+          const startRefExists = await runGitCommand(context.primaryWorktree, ['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', startRef]);
+          if (!startRefExists.success) {
+            errors.push({
+              code: 'start_ref_not_found',
+              message: `Start ref not found: ${startRef}`,
+            });
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (parsedRemoteRef) {
+        inferredUpstream = {
+          remote: parsedRemoteRef.remote,
+          branch: parsedRemoteRef.branch,
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (localBranch) {
+      const inUse = await findBranchInUse(context.primaryWorktree, localBranch);
+      if (inUse) {
+        errors.push({
+          code: 'branch_in_use',
+          message: `Branch is already checked out in ${inUse.worktree}`,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+
+    if ((ensureRemoteName && !ensureRemoteUrl) || (!ensureRemoteName && ensureRemoteUrl)) {
+      errors.push({
+        code: 'invalid_remote_config',
+        message: 'Both ensureRemoteName and ensureRemoteUrl are required together',
+      });
+    }
+
+    const shouldSetUpstream = Boolean(input?.setUpstream);
+    if (shouldSetUpstream) {
+      const upstreamRemote = String(input?.upstreamRemote || inferredUpstream?.remote || '').trim();
+      const upstreamBranch = String(input?.upstreamBranch || inferredUpstream?.branch || '').trim();
+
+      if (!upstreamRemote || !upstreamBranch) {
+        errors.push({
+          code: 'upstream_incomplete',
+          message: 'upstreamRemote and upstreamBranch are required when setUpstream is true',
+        });
+      } else {
+        const remoteExists = await runGitCommand(context.primaryWorktree, ['remote', 'get-url', upstreamRemote]);
+        if (!remoteExists.success && (!ensureRemoteName || ensureRemoteName !== upstreamRemote)) {
+          errors.push({
+            code: 'remote_not_found',
+            message: `Remote not found: ${upstreamRemote}`,
+          });
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      ok: errors.length === 0,
+      errors,
+      resolved: {
+        mode,
+        localBranch: localBranch || null,
+      },
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      errors: [{
+        code: 'validation_failed',
+        message: error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Failed to validate worktree creation',
+      }],
+    };
+  }
+}
+
+export async function previewWorktreeCreate(directory, input = {}) {
+  const mode = input?.mode === 'existing' ? 'existing' : 'new';
+  const context = await resolveWorktreeProjectContext(directory);
+  await fsp.mkdir(context.worktreeRoot, { recursive: true });
+
+  const preferredName = String(input?.worktreeName || input?.name || '').trim();
+  const preferredBranchName = cleanBranchName(String(input?.branchName || '').trim());
+  const candidate = await resolveCandidateDirectory(
+    context.worktreeRoot,
+    preferredName,
+    mode === 'new' && preferredBranchName ? preferredBranchName : '',
+    context.primaryWorktree
+  );
+
+  return {
+    name: candidate.name,
+    branch: mode === 'new' ? candidate.branch : preferredBranchName,
+    path: candidate.directory,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function createWorktree(directory, input = {}) {
+  const mode = input?.mode === 'existing' ? 'existing' : 'new';
+  const context = await resolveWorktreeProjectContext(directory);
+  await fsp.mkdir(context.worktreeRoot, { recursive: true });
+
+  const preferredName = String(input?.worktreeName || input?.name || '').trim();
+  const preferredBranchName = cleanBranchName(String(input?.branchName || '').trim());
+  const startRef = normalizeStartRef(input?.startRef);
+  const ensureRemoteName = String(input?.ensureRemoteName || '').trim();
+  const ensureRemoteUrl = String(input?.ensureRemoteUrl || '').trim();
+
+  const candidate = await resolveCandidateDirectory(
+    context.worktreeRoot,
+    preferredName,
+    mode === 'new' && preferredBranchName ? preferredBranchName : '',
+    context.primaryWorktree
+  );
+
+  let localBranch = '';
+  let inferredUpstream = null;
+  const worktreeAddArgs = ['worktree', 'add', '--no-checkout'];
+
+  if (mode === 'existing') {
+    const requestedExistingBranch = String(input?.existingBranch || '').trim();
+    const parsedExistingRemote = await resolveRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, requestedExistingBranch);
+    if (parsedExistingRemote && ensureRemoteName && ensureRemoteUrl && parsedExistingRemote.remote === ensureRemoteName) {
+      await ensureRemoteWithUrl(context.primaryWorktree, ensureRemoteName, ensureRemoteUrl);
+      await fetchRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, parsedExistingRemote.remote, parsedExistingRemote.branch);
+    }
+
+    const resolved = await resolveBranchForExistingMode(context.primaryWorktree, requestedExistingBranch, preferredBranchName);
+    localBranch = resolved.localBranch;
+
+    const inUse = await findBranchInUse(context.primaryWorktree, localBranch);
+    if (inUse) {
+      throw new Error(`Branch is already checked out in ${inUse.worktree}`);
+    }
+
+    if (resolved.createLocalBranch) {
+      worktreeAddArgs.push('-b', localBranch);
+    }
+    worktreeAddArgs.push(candidate.directory, resolved.checkoutRef);
+
+    if (resolved.remoteRef) {
+      inferredUpstream = {
+        remote: resolved.remoteRef.remote,
+        branch: resolved.remoteRef.branch,
+      };
+    }
+  } else {
+    localBranch = candidate.branch;
+    if (!localBranch) {
+      throw new Error('Failed to resolve branch name for new worktree');
+    }
+
+    const branchExists = await runGitCommand(context.primaryWorktree, ['show-ref', '--verify', '--quiet', `refs/heads/${localBranch}`]);
+    if (branchExists.success) {
+      throw new Error(`Branch already exists: ${localBranch}`);
+    }
+
+    const inUse = await findBranchInUse(context.primaryWorktree, localBranch);
+    if (inUse) {
+      throw new Error(`Branch is already checked out in ${inUse.worktree}`);
+    }
+
+    worktreeAddArgs.push('-b', localBranch, candidate.directory);
+    if (startRef && startRef !== 'HEAD') {
+      worktreeAddArgs.push(startRef);
+    }
+
+    const parsedRemoteStartRef = await resolveRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, startRef);
+    if (parsedRemoteStartRef) {
+      inferredUpstream = {
+        remote: parsedRemoteStartRef.remote,
+        branch: parsedRemoteStartRef.branch,
+      };
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ensureRemoteName && ensureRemoteUrl) {
+    await ensureRemoteWithUrl(context.primaryWorktree, ensureRemoteName, ensureRemoteUrl);
+  }
+
+  if (mode === 'new') {
+    const parsedRemoteStartRef = await resolveRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, startRef);
+    if (parsedRemoteStartRef) {
+      await fetchRemoteBranchRef(context.primaryWorktree, parsedRemoteStartRef.remote, parsedRemoteStartRef.branch);
+    }
+  }
+
+  await runGitCommandOrThrow(context.primaryWorktree, worktreeAddArgs, 'Failed to create git worktree');
+
+  try {
+    await syncProjectSandboxAdd(context.projectID, context.primaryWorktree, candidate.directory);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.warn('Failed to sync OpenCode sandbox metadata (add):', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+  }
+
+  const shouldSetUpstream = Boolean(input?.setUpstream);
+  const upstreamRemote = String(input?.upstreamRemote || inferredUpstream?.remote || '').trim();
+  const upstreamBranch = String(input?.upstreamBranch || inferredUpstream?.branch || '').trim();
+
+  setWorktreeBootstrapState(candidate.directory, WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_PENDING);
+
+  queueWorktreeBootstrap({
+    directory: candidate.directory,
+    projectID: context.projectID,
+    primaryWorktree: context.primaryWorktree,
+    localBranch,
+    setUpstream: shouldSetUpstream,
+    upstreamRemote,
+    upstreamBranch,
+    ensureRemoteName,
+    ensureRemoteUrl,
+    startCommand: input?.startCommand,
+  });
+
+  const headResult = await runGitCommand(candidate.directory, ['rev-parse', 'HEAD']);
+  const head = String(headResult.stdout || '').trim();
+
+  return {
+    head,
+    name: candidate.name,
+    branch: localBranch,
+    path: candidate.directory,
+  };
+}
+
+export async function getWorktreeBootstrapStatus(directory) {
+  const key = toBootstrapStateKey(directory);
+  if (!key) {
+    throw new Error('Worktree directory is required');
+  }
+
+  const current = worktreeBootstrapState.get(key);
+  if (current) {
+    return current;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    status: WORKTREE_BOOTSTRAP_READY,
+    error: null,
+    updatedAt: Date.now(),
+  };
+}
+
+export async function removeWorktree(directory, input = {}) {
+  const targetDirectory = normalizeDirectoryPath(input?.directory);
+  if (!targetDirectory) {
+    throw new Error('Worktree directory is required');
+  }
+
+  const context = await resolveWorktreeProjectContext(directory);
+  const deleteLocalBranch = input?.deleteLocalBranch === true;
+
+  const targetCanonical = await canonicalPath(targetDirectory);
+  const primaryCanonical = await canonicalPath(context.primaryWorktree);
+  if (targetCanonical === primaryCanonical) {
+    throw new Error('Cannot remove the primary workspace');
+  }
+
+  const entries = await listWorktreeEntries(context.primaryWorktree);
+  const matchedEntry = await (async () => {
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      if (!entry?.worktree) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      const entryCanonical = await canonicalPath(entry.worktree);
+      if (entryCanonical === targetCanonical) {
+        return entry;
+      }
+    }
+    return null;
+  })();
+
+  if (!matchedEntry?.worktree) {
+    const targetExists = await checkPathExists(targetDirectory);
+    if (targetExists) {
+      await fsp.rm(targetDirectory, { recursive: true, force: true });
+    }
+
+    try {
+      await syncProjectSandboxRemove(context.projectID, context.primaryWorktree, targetDirectory);
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn('Failed to sync OpenCode sandbox metadata (remove):', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+    }
+
+    clearWorktreeBootstrapState(targetDirectory);
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+    context.primaryWorktree,
+    ['worktree', 'remove', '--force', matchedEntry.worktree],
+    'Failed to remove git worktree'
+  );
+
+  if (deleteLocalBranch) {
+    const branchName = cleanBranchName(String(matchedEntry.branchRef || matchedEntry.branch || '').trim());
+    if (branchName) {
+      await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+        context.primaryWorktree,
+        ['branch', '-D', branchName],
+        `Failed to delete local branch ${branchName}`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  try {
+    await syncProjectSandboxRemove(context.projectID, context.primaryWorktree, matchedEntry.worktree);
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.warn('Failed to sync OpenCode sandbox metadata (remove):', error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error));
+  }
+
+  clearWorktreeBootstrapState(matchedEntry.worktree);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+export async function deleteBranch(directory, branch, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const branchName = branch.startsWith('refs/heads/')
+      ? branch.substring('refs/heads/'.length)
+      : branch;
+    const args = ['branch', options.force ? '-D' : '-d', branchName];
+    await git.raw(args);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to delete branch:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getLog(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const maxCount = options.maxCount || 50;
+    const baseLog = await git.log({
+      maxCount,
+      from: options.from,
+      to: options.to,
+      file: options.file
+    });
+
+    const logArgs = [
+      'log',
+      `--max-count=${maxCount}`,
+      '--date=iso',
+      '--pretty=format:%H%x1f%an%x1f%ae%x1f%ad%x1f%s%x1e',
+      '--shortstat'
+    ];
+
+    if (options.from && options.to) {
+      logArgs.push(`${options.from}..${options.to}`);
+    } else if (options.from) {
+      logArgs.push(`${options.from}..HEAD`);
+    } else if (options.to) {
+      logArgs.push(options.to);
+    }
+
+    if (options.file) {
+      logArgs.push('--', options.file);
+    }
+
+    const rawLog = await git.raw(logArgs);
+    const records = rawLog
+      .split('\x1e')
+      .map((entry) => entry.trim())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+
+    const statsMap = new Map();
+
+    records.forEach((record) => {
+      const lines = record.split('\n').filter((line) => line.trim().length > 0);
+      const header = lines.shift() || '';
+      const [hash] = header.split('\x1f');
+      if (!hash) {
+        return;
+      }
+
+      let filesChanged = 0;
+      let insertions = 0;
+      let deletions = 0;
+
+      lines.forEach((line) => {
+        const filesMatch = line.match(/(\d+)\s+files?\s+changed/);
+        const insertMatch = line.match(/(\d+)\s+insertions?\(\+\)/);
+        const deleteMatch = line.match(/(\d+)\s+deletions?\(-\)/);
+
+        if (filesMatch) {
+          filesChanged = parseInt(filesMatch[1], 10);
+        }
+        if (insertMatch) {
+          insertions = parseInt(insertMatch[1], 10);
+        }
+        if (deleteMatch) {
+          deletions = parseInt(deleteMatch[1], 10);
+        }
+      });
+
+      statsMap.set(hash, { filesChanged, insertions, deletions });
+    });
+
+    const merged = baseLog.all.map((entry) => {
+      const stats = statsMap.get(entry.hash) || { filesChanged: 0, insertions: 0, deletions: 0 };
+      return {
+        hash: entry.hash,
+        date: entry.date,
+        message: entry.message,
+        refs: entry.refs || '',
+        body: entry.body || '',
+        author_name: entry.author_name,
+        author_email: entry.author_email,
+        filesChanged: stats.filesChanged,
+        insertions: stats.insertions,
+        deletions: stats.deletions
+      };
+    });
+
+    return {
+      all: merged,
+      latest: merged[0] || null,
+      total: baseLog.total
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get log:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function isLinkedWorktree(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+  try {
+    const [gitDir, gitCommonDir] = await Promise.all([
+      git.raw(['rev-parse', '--git-dir']).then((output) => output.trim()),
+      git.raw(['rev-parse', '--git-common-dir']).then((output) => output.trim())
+    ]);
+    return gitDir !== gitCommonDir;
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to determine worktree type:', error);
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getCommitFiles(directory, commitHash) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+
+    const numstatRaw = await git.raw([
+      'show',
+      '--numstat',
+      '--format=',
+      commitHash
+    ]);
+
+    const files = [];
+    const lines = numstatRaw.trim().split('\n').filter(Boolean);
+
+    for (const line of lines) {
+      const parts = line.split('\t');
+      if (parts.length < 3) continue;
+
+      const [insertionsRaw, deletionsRaw, ...pathParts] = parts;
+      const filePath = pathParts.join('\t');
+      if (!filePath) continue;
+
+      const insertions = insertionsRaw === '-' ? 0 : parseInt(insertionsRaw, 10) || 0;
+      const deletions = deletionsRaw === '-' ? 0 : parseInt(deletionsRaw, 10) || 0;
+      const isBinary = insertionsRaw === '-' && deletionsRaw === '-';
+
+      let changeType = 'M';
+      let displayPath = filePath;
+
+      if (filePath.includes(' => ')) {
+        changeType = 'R';
+
+        const match = filePath.match(/(?:\{[^}]*\s=>\s[^}]*\}|.*\s=>\s.*)/);
+        if (match) {
+          displayPath = filePath;
+        }
+      }
+
+      files.push({
+        path: displayPath,
+        insertions,
+        deletions,
+        isBinary,
+        changeType
+      });
+    }
+
+    const nameStatusRaw = await git.raw([
+      'show',
+      '--name-status',
+      '--format=',
+      commitHash
+    ]).catch(() => '');
+
+    const statusMap = new Map();
+    const statusLines = nameStatusRaw.trim().split('\n').filter(Boolean);
+    for (const line of statusLines) {
+      const match = line.match(/^([AMDRC])\d*\t(.+)$/);
+      if (match) {
+        const [, status, path] = match;
+        statusMap.set(path, status);
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (const file of files) {
+      const basePath = file.path.includes(' => ')
+        ? file.path.split(' => ').pop()?.replace(/[{}]/g, '') || file.path
+        : file.path;
+
+      const status = statusMap.get(basePath) || statusMap.get(file.path);
+      if (status) {
+        file.changeType = status;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { files };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get commit files:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function renameBranch(directory, oldName, newName) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const normalizedOldName = cleanBranchName(String(oldName || '').trim());
+    const normalizedNewName = cleanBranchName(String(newName || '').trim());
+
+    const previousRemote = await git
+      .raw(['config', '--get', `branch.${normalizedOldName}.remote`])
+      .then((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+      .catch(() => '');
+    const previousMerge = await git
+      .raw(['config', '--get', `branch.${normalizedOldName}.merge`])
+      .then((value) => String(value || '').trim())
+      .catch(() => '');
+
+    // Use git branch -m command to rename the branch
+    await git.raw(['branch', '-m', oldName, newName]);
+
+    if (previousRemote && previousMerge && normalizedNewName) {
+      const previousMergeBranch = cleanBranchName(previousMerge);
+      const nextMergeBranch =
+        previousMergeBranch === normalizedOldName
+          ? normalizedNewName
+          : previousMergeBranch;
+      const upstream = normalizeUpstreamTarget(previousRemote, nextMergeBranch);
+
+      if (upstream) {
+        try {
+          await runGitCommandOrThrow(
+            directory,
+            ['branch', `--set-upstream-to=${upstream.full}`, normalizedNewName],
+            `Failed to set upstream to ${upstream.full}`
+          );
+        } catch {
+          await setBranchTrackingFallback(directory, normalizedNewName, upstream);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return { success: true, branch: newName };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to rename branch:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getRemotes(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const remotes = await git.getRemotes(true);
+    
+    return remotes.map((remote) => ({
+      name: remote.name,
+      fetchUrl: remote.refs.fetch,
+      pushUrl: remote.refs.push
+    }));
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get remotes:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function removeRemote(directory, options = {}) {
+  const remoteName = String(options.remote || '').trim();
+  if (!remoteName) {
+    throw new Error('remote is required to remove a remote');
+  }
+  if (remoteName === 'origin') {
+    throw new Error('Cannot remove origin remote');
+  }
+
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.removeRemote(remoteName);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to remove remote:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function rebase(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const { onto } = options;
+    if (!onto) {
+      throw new Error('onto parameter is required for rebase');
+    }
+
+    await git.rebase([onto]);
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      conflict: false
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    const errorMessage = String(error?.message || error || '').toLowerCase();
+    const isConflict = errorMessage.includes('conflict') || 
+                       errorMessage.includes('could not apply') ||
+                       errorMessage.includes('merge conflict');
+
+    if (isConflict) {
+      // Get list of conflicted files
+      const status = await git.status().catch(() => ({ conflicted: [] }));
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        conflict: true,
+        conflictFiles: status.conflicted || []
+      };
+    }
+
+    console.error('Failed to rebase:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function abortRebase(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.rebase(['--abort']);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to abort rebase:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function merge(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const { branch } = options;
+    if (!branch) {
+      throw new Error('branch parameter is required for merge');
+    }
+
+    await git.merge([branch]);
+
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      conflict: false
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    const errorMessage = String(error?.message || error || '').toLowerCase();
+    const isConflict = errorMessage.includes('conflict') || 
+                       errorMessage.includes('merge conflict') ||
+                       errorMessage.includes('automatic merge failed');
+
+    if (isConflict) {
+      // Get list of conflicted files
+      const status = await git.status().catch(() => ({ conflicted: [] }));
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        conflict: true,
+        conflictFiles: status.conflicted || []
+      };
+    }
+
+    console.error('Failed to merge:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function abortMerge(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.merge(['--abort']);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to abort merge:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function continueRebase(directory) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  const git = await createGit(directoryPath);
+
+  try {
+    // Set GIT_EDITOR to prevent editor prompts
+    await git.env('GIT_EDITOR', 'true').rebase(['--continue']);
+    return { success: true, conflict: false };
+  } catch (error) {
+    const errorMessage = String(error?.message || error || '').toLowerCase();
+    const isConflict = errorMessage.includes('conflict') || 
+                       errorMessage.includes('needs merge') ||
+                       errorMessage.includes('unmerged') ||
+                       errorMessage.includes('fix conflicts');
+
+    if (isConflict) {
+      const status = await git.status().catch(() => ({ conflicted: [] }));
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        conflict: true,
+        conflictFiles: status.conflicted || []
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Check for "nothing to commit" which means rebase step is complete
+    if (errorMessage.includes('nothing to commit') || errorMessage.includes('no changes')) {
+      // Skip this commit and continue
+      try {
+        await git.env('GIT_EDITOR', 'true').rebase(['--skip']);
+        return { success: true, conflict: false };
+      } catch {
+        // If skip also fails, the rebase may be complete
+        return { success: true, conflict: false };
+      }
+    }
+
+    console.error('Failed to continue rebase:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function continueMerge(directory) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  const git = await createGit(directoryPath);
+
+  try {
+    // Check if there are still unmerged files
+    const status = await git.status();
+    if (status.conflicted && status.conflicted.length > 0) {
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        conflict: true,
+        conflictFiles: status.conflicted
+      };
+    }
+
+    // For merge, we commit after resolving conflicts
+    // Use --no-edit to use the default merge commit message
+    await git.env('GIT_EDITOR', 'true').commit([], { '--no-edit': null });
+    return { success: true, conflict: false };
+  } catch (error) {
+    const errorMessage = String(error?.message || error || '').toLowerCase();
+    const isConflict = errorMessage.includes('conflict') || 
+                       errorMessage.includes('needs merge') ||
+                       errorMessage.includes('unmerged') ||
+                       errorMessage.includes('fix conflicts');
+
+    if (isConflict) {
+      const status = await git.status().catch(() => ({ conflicted: [] }));
+      return {
+        success: false,
+        conflict: true,
+        conflictFiles: status.conflicted || []
+      };
+    }
+
+    // "nothing to commit" can happen if all conflicts resolved to one side
+    if (errorMessage.includes('nothing to commit') || errorMessage.includes('no changes added')) {
+      // The merge is effectively complete (all changes already committed or no changes needed)
+      return { success: true, conflict: false };
+    }
+
+    console.error('Failed to continue merge:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function getConflictDetails(directory) {
+  const directoryPath = normalizeDirectoryPath(directory);
+  const git = await createGit(directoryPath);
+
+  try {
+    // Get git status --porcelain
+    const statusPorcelain = await git.raw(['status', '--porcelain']).catch(() => '');
+
+    // Get unmerged files
+    const unmergedFilesRaw = await git.raw(['diff', '--name-only', '--diff-filter=U']).catch(() => '');
+    const unmergedFiles = unmergedFilesRaw
+      .split('\n')
+      .map((line) => line.trim())
+      .filter(Boolean);
+
+    // Get current diff
+    const diff = await git.raw(['diff']).catch(() => '');
+
+    // Detect operation type and get head info
+    let operation = 'merge';
+    let headInfo = '';
+
+    // Check for MERGE_HEAD (merge in progress)
+    const mergeHeadExists = await git
+      .raw(['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'MERGE_HEAD'])
+      .then(() => true)
+      .catch(() => false);
+
+    if (mergeHeadExists) {
+      operation = 'merge';
+      const mergeHead = await git.raw(['rev-parse', 'MERGE_HEAD']).catch(() => '');
+      const mergeMsg = await fsp
+        .readFile(path.join(directoryPath, '.git', 'MERGE_MSG'), 'utf8')
+        .catch(() => '');
+      headInfo = `MERGE_HEAD: ${mergeHead.trim()}\n${mergeMsg}`;
+    } else {
+      // Check for REBASE_HEAD (rebase in progress)
+      const rebaseHeadExists = await git
+        .raw(['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'REBASE_HEAD'])
+        .then(() => true)
+        .catch(() => false);
+
+      if (rebaseHeadExists) {
+        operation = 'rebase';
+        const rebaseHead = await git.raw(['rev-parse', 'REBASE_HEAD']).catch(() => '');
+        headInfo = `REBASE_HEAD: ${rebaseHead.trim()}`;
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      statusPorcelain: statusPorcelain.trim(),
+      unmergedFiles,
+      diff: diff.trim(),
+      headInfo: headInfo.trim(),
+      operation,
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to get conflict details:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+// ============== Stash Operations ==============
+
+export async function stash(directory, options = {}) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    const args = ['stash', 'push'];
+    
+    // Include untracked files by default
+    if (options.includeUntracked !== false) {
+      args.push('--include-untracked');
+    }
+    
+    if (options.message) {
+      args.push('-m', options.message);
+    }
+
+    await git.raw(args);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to stash:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}
+
+export async function stashPop(directory) {
+  const git = await createGit(directory);
+
+  try {
+    await git.raw(['stash', 'pop']);
+    return { success: true };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error('Failed to pop stash:', error);
+    throw error;
+  }
+}