@alchemy.run/drizzle 2.0.0-beta.84 → 2.0.0-beta.85

package/src/Schema.ts

@@ -1,33 +1,166 @@
 import * as crypto from "node:crypto";
 import * as Artifacts from "alchemy/Artifacts";
 import { isResolved } from "alchemy/Diff";
+import { Interaction } from "alchemy/Interaction";
 import * as Provider from "alchemy/Provider";
 import { Resource } from "alchemy/Resource";
-import { exec } from "alchemy/Util/exec";
-import { isNonInteractive } from "alchemy/Util/interactive";
+import * as Data from "effect/Data";
 import * as Effect from "effect/Effect";
 import * as FileSystem from "effect/FileSystem";
+import * as Match from "effect/Match";
+import * as Option from "effect/Option";
 import * as Path from "effect/Path";
-import type { PlatformError } from "effect/PlatformError";
-import { ChildProcess } from "effect/process";
+import * as Record from "effect/Record";
+import * as S from "effect/Schema";
+import * as Semaphore from "effect/Semaphore";
 import type { Providers } from "./Providers.ts";
 
 export type Dialect = "postgres" | "mysql" | "sqlite";
 
-type DrizzleSnapshot = {
-  id?: string;
-  prevIds?: string[];
+// Unlisted fields are kept (the rest records), so a decoded snapshot can be
+// written back whole.
+const DdlEntry = S.StructWithRest(
+  S.Struct({
+    entityType: S.String,
+    schema: S.optional(S.String),
+    table: S.optional(S.String),
+    name: S.optional(S.String),
+  }),
+  [S.Record(S.String, S.Unknown)],
+);
+type DdlEntry = typeof DdlEntry.Type;
+
+// A `snapshot.json`. Postgres folders hold one `base` snapshot followed by
+// `diff` snapshots carrying `deltas`; mysql and sqlite snapshots are full.
+const Snapshot = S.StructWithRest(
+  S.Struct({
+    type: S.optional(S.Literals(["base", "diff"])),
+    version: S.optional(S.String),
+    dialect: S.optional(S.String),
+    id: S.optional(S.String),
+    prevIds: S.String.pipe(S.Array, S.optional),
+    ddl: DdlEntry.pipe(S.Array, S.optional),
+  }),
+  [S.Record(S.String, S.Unknown)],
+);
+type Snapshot = typeof Snapshot.Type;
+
+const decodeSnapshot = S.decodeEffect(S.fromJsonString(Snapshot));
+
+// drizzle-kit's `MissingHint` / `Hint`, narrowed to what `generate` can ask:
+// rename-or-create. Its `confirm_data_loss` questions need a live database
+// (`push` checks whether tables are empty), so generate never raises them.
+// Entity ids are tuples: `[name]`, `[schema, name]` or `[schema, table, name]`.
+type MissingHint = {
+  readonly type: "rename_or_create";
+  readonly kind: string;
+  readonly entity: ReadonlyArray<string>;
 };
 
-type DrizzleKitApi = {
-  generateDrizzleJson?: (
-    imports: Record<string, unknown>,
-    prevId?: string,
-    schemaFilters?: string[],
-  ) => Promise<unknown>;
-  generateMigration?: (prev: unknown, cur: unknown) => Promise<string[]>;
+type Hint =
+  | { type: "rename"; kind: string; from: ReadonlyArray<string>; to: ReadonlyArray<string> }
+  | { type: "create"; kind: string; entity: ReadonlyArray<string> };
+
+type GenerateOptions = {
+  dialect: string;
+  schema: string;
+  out: string;
+  explain?: boolean;
+  hints?: Array<Hint>;
 };
 
+type UpOptions = { dialect: string; out: string };
+
+type GenerateResult =
+  | { status: "ok" }
+  | { status: "no_changes" }
+  | { status: "missing_hints"; unresolved: ReadonlyArray<MissingHint> };
+
+type UpResult = { status: "ok"; upgraded: ReadonlyArray<string> };
+
+type CommandFailed = { status: "error"; error: unknown };
+
+// The `drizzle-kit` commands Drizzle.Schema runs: `[options, result]`.
+type Commands = {
+  generate: [GenerateOptions, GenerateResult];
+  up: [UpOptions, UpResult];
+};
+
+// `drizzle-kit/cli`: the commands as functions. They never prompt and report
+// results (including unanswered questions) as values.
+type DrizzleKitCli = {
+  [K in keyof Commands]: (options: Commands[K][0]) => Promise<Commands[K][1] | CommandFailed>;
+};
+
+// `drizzle-kit/payload/*`: snapshot builders. Only postgres has `reconstruct`.
+type DrizzleKitPayload = {
+  generateDrizzleJson: (imports: Record.ReadonlyRecord<string, unknown>) => Promise<Snapshot>;
+  reconstruct?: (files: Record.ReadonlyRecord<string, Snapshot>, id?: string) => Promise<Snapshot>;
+};
+
+class DrizzleKitLoadFailed extends Data.TaggedError("DrizzleKitLoadFailed")<{
+  readonly module: string;
+  readonly cause: unknown;
+}> {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Failed to load ${this.module} (is drizzle-kit installed?): ${this.cause instanceof Error ? this.cause.message : String(this.cause)}`;
+  }
+}
+
+class InvalidSnapshot extends Data.TaggedError("InvalidSnapshot")<{
+  readonly file: string;
+  readonly cause: S.SchemaError;
+}> {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Invalid drizzle snapshot at ${this.file}: ${this.cause.message}`;
+  }
+}
+
+class SchemaImportFailed extends Data.TaggedError("SchemaImportFailed")<{
+  readonly schema: string;
+  readonly cause: unknown;
+}> {
+  override get message() {
+    return `Failed to import schema at ${this.schema}: ${this.cause instanceof Error ? this.cause.message : String(this.cause)}`;
+  }
+}
+
+class DrizzleKitFailed extends Data.TaggedError("DrizzleKitFailed")<{
+  readonly command: string;
+  readonly cause: unknown;
+}> {
+  override get message() {
+    // Thrown errors carry their own message; reported ones (`{ status:
+    // "error", error }`) are plain objects like `{ code, kind, snapshot }`.
+    const { cause } = this;
+    const detail = cause instanceof Error ? cause.message : JSON.stringify(cause);
+    return `drizzle-kit ${this.command} failed: ${detail}`;
+  }
+}
+
+class DrizzleKitExited extends Data.TaggedError("DrizzleKitExited")<{
+  readonly command: string;
+}> {
+  override get message() {
+    return `drizzle-kit ${this.command} found errors in the schema (such as two columns with one name) and tried to exit the process`;
+  }
+}
+
+/** An ambiguous schema change with no terminal to ask. */
+class UndecidedSchemaChange extends Data.TaggedError("UndecidedSchemaChange")<{
+  readonly props: SchemaProps;
+  readonly hint: MissingHint;
+}> {
+  override get message() {
+    const { props, hint } = this;
+    return [
+      `${props.schema} has an ambiguous change that needs a decision:`,
+      `  ${formatEntity(hint.entity)}: created or renamed?`,
+      "Re-run in an interactive terminal to answer it.",
+    ].join("\n");
+  }
+}
+
 export type SchemaProps = {
   /**
    * Path to the schema module, relative to the current working directory.
@@ -39,8 +172,8 @@ export type SchemaProps = {
    */
   schema: string;
   /**
-   * Output directory for generated migrations. Each migration is written as
-   * `{out}/{timestamp}_migration/{migration.sql, snapshot.json}`. Pass this
+   * Output directory for generated migrations, in drizzle-kit's own layout:
+   * `{out}/{timestamp}_{name}/{migration.sql, snapshot.json}`. Pass this
    * through as a database resource's `migrations` prop (`Neon.Branch`,
    * `Fly.Postgres`, `Cloudflare.D1.Database`, …) to apply pending
    * migrations on deploy.
@@ -49,8 +182,7 @@ export type SchemaProps = {
    */
   out?: string;
   /**
-   * SQL dialect to generate migrations for. Selects which `drizzle-kit/api-*`
-   * module is loaded.
+   * SQL dialect to generate migrations for.
    *
    * @default "postgres"
    */
@@ -80,9 +212,10 @@ export type Schema = Resource<
 /**
  * A Drizzle schema managed as an Alchemy resource.
  *
- * Wraps drizzle-kit's programmatic API (`generateDrizzleJson` /
- * `generateMigration`) so migration SQL is regenerated as part of `alchemy
- * deploy` whenever the source schema changes. The output directory is
+ * Runs `drizzle-kit generate` through drizzle-kit's programmatic API so
+ * migration SQL is regenerated as part of `alchemy deploy` whenever the
+ * source schema changes. Ambiguous changes (a rename or a new column/table?)
+ * are asked with Alchemy's prompts during plan. The output directory is
  * intended to be passed straight to a database resource's `migrations`
  * prop, giving you a single deploy-driven flow:
  *
@@ -114,20 +247,72 @@ export type Schema = Resource<
  */
 export const Schema = Resource<Schema>("Drizzle.Schema");
 
-const dialectModule = (dialect: Dialect): string => {
-  switch (dialect) {
-    case "postgres":
-      return "drizzle-kit/api-postgres";
-    case "mysql":
-      return "drizzle-kit/api-mysql";
-    case "sqlite":
-      return "drizzle-kit/api-sqlite";
-  }
-};
+const cliDialect = (props: SchemaProps) =>
+  props.dialect === undefined || props.dialect === "postgres" ? "postgresql" : props.dialect;
 
 const sha = (s: string) => crypto.createHash("sha256").update(s).digest("hex");
 
-const tsStamp = () => new Date().toISOString().replace(/[-:T]/g, "").slice(0, 14);
+const importModule = <A>(module: string) =>
+  Effect.tryPromise({
+    try: () => import(/* @vite-ignore */ module) as Promise<A>,
+    catch: (cause) => new DrizzleKitLoadFailed({ module, cause }),
+  });
+
+// drizzle-kit runs in-process but calls `process.exit` on schema errors.
+// Calls trap the exit and fail instead, one at a time since the trap swaps
+// the global.
+const exitTrap = Semaphore.makeUnsafe(1);
+
+const callDrizzleKit = <A>(command: string, run: () => Promise<A>) =>
+  Effect.acquireUseRelease(
+    Effect.sync(() => {
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line typescript/unbound-method -- saved only to restore `process.exit` verbatim, never called unbound
+      const trap = { exit: process.exit, exited: false };
+      process.exit = () => {
+        trap.exited = true;
+        throw new Error("drizzle-kit exited");
+      };
+      return trap;
+    }),
+    (trap) =>
+      // `cli` commands catch the trap's throw and report it as an error result.
+      // Uninterruptible: the promise can't be cancelled, so the trap stays
+      // until it settles.
+      Effect.tryPromise({
+        try: run,
+        catch: (cause) =>
+          trap.exited
+            ? new DrizzleKitExited({ command })
+            : new DrizzleKitFailed({ command, cause }),
+      }).pipe(
+        Effect.flatMap((result) =>
+          trap.exited ? Effect.fail(new DrizzleKitExited({ command })) : Effect.succeed(result),
+        ),
+        Effect.uninterruptible,
+      ),
+    (trap) =>
+      Effect.sync(() => {
+        process.exit = trap.exit;
+      }),
+  ).pipe((effect) => exitTrap.withPermit(effect));
+
+// A `drizzle-kit/cli` command as an Effect, failing on a thrown or reported error.
+const command = <K extends keyof Commands>(name: K) =>
+  Effect.fn(`drizzleKit.${name}`)(function* (options: Commands[K][0]) {
+    const cli = yield* importModule<DrizzleKitCli>("drizzle-kit/cli");
+    const result = yield* callDrizzleKit(name, () => cli[name](options));
+    if (result.status === "error") {
+      return yield* new DrizzleKitFailed({ command: name, cause: result.error });
+    }
+    return result as Commands[K][1];
+  });
+
+const drizzleKit = {
+  /** `drizzle-kit generate`; with `explain` a dry run that writes nothing. */
+  generate: command("generate"),
+  /** `drizzle-kit up`: upgrade snapshots to the current format. */
+  up: command("up"),
+};
 
 export const SchemaProvider = () =>
   Provider.effect(
@@ -145,286 +330,216 @@ export const SchemaProvider = () =>
       const relativeOut = (abs: string) => path.relative(process.cwd(), abs);
 
       const resolveSchema = (p: SchemaProps) => path.resolve(process.cwd(), p.schema);
-
-      const loadSchemaModule = (p: SchemaProps) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const schemaPath = resolveSchema(p);
-          return yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-            try: () => import(/* @vite-ignore */ schemaPath) as Promise<Record<string, unknown>>,
-            catch: (cause) => new Error(`Failed to import schema at ${p.schema}: ${cause}`),
-          });
-        });
-
-      const loadKit = (dialect: Dialect) =>
-        Effect.tryPromise({
-          try: () => import(/* @vite-ignore */ dialectModule(dialect)) as Promise<DrizzleKitApi>,
-          catch: (cause) =>
-            new Error(
-              `Failed to load drizzle-kit/${dialect} (is drizzle-kit installed?): ${cause}`,
-            ),
-        });
-
-      const drizzleKitBin = (dialect: Dialect) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const apiUrl = yield* Effect.try({
-            try: () => import.meta.resolve(dialectModule(dialect)),
-            catch: (cause) => new Error(`Failed to resolve drizzle-kit/${dialect}: ${cause}`),
-          });
-          const apiFileUrl = yield* Effect.try({
-            try: () => new URL(apiUrl),
-            catch: (cause) => new Error(`Failed to parse drizzle-kit/${dialect} URL: ${cause}`),
-          });
-          const apiPath = yield* path.fromFileUrl(apiFileUrl);
-          return path.join(path.dirname(apiPath), "bin.cjs");
-        });
-
-      const runDrizzleGenerate = (props: SchemaProps, out: string) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const dialect = props.dialect ?? "postgres";
-          const bin = yield* drizzleKitBin(dialect);
-          const schemaPath = resolveSchema(props);
-          const nodeExecPath = yield* Effect.sync(() => process.execPath);
-          const nodeModulesPath = path.join(process.cwd(), "node_modules");
-
-          // drizzle-kit globs the --schema/--out values; Windows backslashes
-          // are treated as glob escapes and match nothing, so pass forward
-          // slashes.
-          const args = [
-            bin,
-            "generate",
-            "--dialect",
-            dialect === "postgres" ? "postgresql" : dialect,
-            "--schema",
-            schemaPath.replaceAll("\\", "/"),
-            "--out",
-            out.replaceAll("\\", "/"),
-          ];
-
-          const commandOptions = {
-            cwd: process.cwd(),
-            env: { NODE_PATH: nodeModulesPath },
-            extendEnv: true,
-          };
-
-          // Hand the terminal to drizzle-kit only when this process may
-          // prompt at all — the same detection (TTY, CI, `--no-input`,
-          // `ALCHEMY_NO_TUI`, agent env) every other spawned command uses.
-          if (!isNonInteractive() && process.stderr.isTTY) {
-            const handle = yield* ChildProcess.make(nodeExecPath, args, {
-              ...commandOptions,
-              stdin: "inherit",
-              stdout: "inherit",
-              stderr: "inherit",
-            }).pipe(
-              Effect.mapError(
-                (cause) => new Error(`drizzle-kit generate failed: ${String(cause)}`),
-              ),
-            );
-            const exitCode = yield* handle.exitCode;
-            if (exitCode !== 0) {
-              return yield* Effect.fail(
-                new Error(`drizzle-kit generate failed with exit ${exitCode}`),
-              );
-            }
-            return;
-          }
-
-          const result = yield* exec(ChildProcess.make(nodeExecPath, args, commandOptions)).pipe(
-            Effect.mapError((cause) => new Error(`drizzle-kit generate failed: ${String(cause)}`)),
-          );
-          if (result.exitCode === 0) return;
-
-          // Since drizzle-kit 1.0.0-rc.4 the non-interactive CLI refuses
-          // ambiguous decisions (rename-vs-create, data-loss confirmation)
-          // with a `missing_hints` report on exit 2. These are deliberate
-          // safety prompts — the generated SQL is applied to the real
-          // database later in the same deploy — so we never answer them
-          // automatically. Ask the user to decide.
-          if (result.exitCode === 2) {
-            return yield* Effect.fail(
-              new Error(
-                [
-                  `drizzle-kit needs a decision for ${props.schema} that cannot be made non-interactively (rename vs create, or a change that loses data):`,
-                  "",
-                  result.stdout.trim(),
-                  "",
-                  "To resolve, generate the migration yourself and commit it:",
-                  `  npx drizzle-kit generate --dialect ${dialect === "postgres" ? "postgresql" : dialect} --schema ${props.schema} --out ${props.out ?? "./migrations"}`,
-                  "then re-run the deploy (the schema resource will see no drift and apply the committed migration).",
-                  "Alternatively, run the deploy in a terminal to answer drizzle-kit's prompts interactively.",
-                ].join("\n"),
-              ),
-            );
-          }
-
-          return yield* Effect.fail(
-            new Error(`drizzle-kit generate failed: ${result.stdout}\n${result.stderr}`),
-          );
-        });
+      // drizzle-kit reads `schema` as a glob, where `\` is an escape.
+      const schemaGlob = (p: SchemaProps) => resolveSchema(p).replaceAll("\\", "/");
 
       // List `<ts>_*` migration directories under `out`, sorted by numeric
       // prefix. Returns an empty array if `out` doesn't exist.
-      const listMigrationDirs = (out: string) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const exists = yield* fs.exists(out);
-          if (!exists) return [] as string[];
-          const entries = yield* fs.readDirectory(out);
-          return entries.filter((name) => /^\d+_/.test(name)).sort();
-        });
+      const listMigrationDirs = Effect.fn("Drizzle.listMigrationDirs")(function* (out: string) {
+        if (!(yield* fs.exists(out))) return [];
+        const entries = yield* fs.readDirectory(out);
+        return entries.filter((name) => /^\d+_/.test(name)).sort();
+      });
+
+      const readSnapshots = Effect.fn("Drizzle.readSnapshots")(function* (out: string) {
+        const entries = yield* Effect.forEach(yield* listMigrationDirs(out), (dir) =>
+          Effect.gen(function* () {
+            const file = path.join(out, dir, "snapshot.json");
+            if (!(yield* fs.exists(file))) return [];
+            const text = yield* fs.readFileString(file);
+            const snapshot = yield* decodeSnapshot(text).pipe(
+              Effect.mapError((cause) => new InvalidSnapshot({ file, cause })),
+            );
+            return [[dir, { snapshot, text }] as const];
+          }),
+        );
+        return Record.fromEntries(entries.flat());
+      });
 
       // The latest snapshot is the head of the `prevIds` chain — the one no
       // other snapshot points back to. Directory-name order alone is not
       // enough: two migrations generated within the same second share the
       // timestamp prefix, and the random name suffix then decides the sort.
-      const readLatestSnapshot = (out: string) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const dirs = yield* listMigrationDirs(out);
-          const entries: Array<{ snapshot: DrizzleSnapshot; hash: string }> = [];
-          for (const dir of dirs) {
-            const snapshotPath = path.join(out, dir, "snapshot.json");
-            const exists = yield* fs.exists(snapshotPath);
-            if (!exists) continue;
-            const text = yield* fs.readFileString(snapshotPath);
-            entries.push({
-              snapshot: JSON.parse(text) as DrizzleSnapshot,
-              hash: sha(text),
-            });
-          }
-          if (entries.length === 0) return undefined;
-          const referenced = new Set(entries.flatMap((entry) => entry.snapshot.prevIds ?? []));
-          const head = entries.find(
-            (entry) => entry.snapshot.id !== undefined && !referenced.has(entry.snapshot.id),
-          );
-          // Fall back to name order for snapshots without id/prevIds chains.
-          return head ?? entries[entries.length - 1];
-        });
-
-      const detectDriftWithCli = (props: SchemaProps) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const out = resolveOut(props);
-          const tmpOut = yield* fs.makeTempDirectory({
-            prefix: "alchemy-drizzle-generate-",
-          });
-
-          return yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
-            const outExists = yield* fs.exists(out);
-            if (outExists) yield* copyDirectory(out, tmpOut);
-
-            const before = yield* listMigrationDirs(tmpOut);
-            yield* runDrizzleGenerate(props, tmpOut);
-
-            const after = yield* listMigrationDirs(tmpOut);
-            const latest = yield* readLatestSnapshot(tmpOut);
-            const changed = after.some((dir) => !before.includes(dir));
-
-            const prevEntry = outExists ? yield* readLatestSnapshot(out) : undefined;
-
-            return {
-              mode: "cli" as const,
-              out,
-              cur: latest?.snapshot,
-              prevEntry,
-              changed,
-            };
-          }).pipe(Effect.ensuring(fs.remove(tmpOut, { recursive: true }).pipe(Effect.ignore)));
-        });
+      const readLatestSnapshot = Effect.fn("Drizzle.readLatestSnapshot")(function* (out: string) {
+        const entries = Record.values(yield* readSnapshots(out));
+        if (entries.length === 0) return undefined;
+        const referenced = new Set(entries.flatMap((entry) => entry.snapshot.prevIds ?? []));
+        const head = entries.find(
+          (entry) => entry.snapshot.id !== undefined && !referenced.has(entry.snapshot.id),
+        );
+        // Fall back to name order for snapshots without id/prevIds chains.
+        const latest = head ?? entries[entries.length - 1]!;
+        return { snapshot: latest.snapshot, hash: sha(latest.text) };
+      });
 
       /**
-       * Run drizzle-kit's diff against the latest stored snapshot and
-       * return whether any SQL statements would be emitted. Used by both
-       * `diff` (to decide whether the resource actually needs an update)
-       * and `regenerate` (to decide whether to write a new migration dir).
+       * Bring a migrations folder up to drizzle-kit's current snapshot format
+       * with `drizzle-kit up`. Returns whether anything changed.
+       *
+       * Earlier Alchemy versions wrote every postgres snapshot as a full
+       * version-9 snapshot without a `type`. That is the version-8 shape, which
+       * `up` turns into drizzle-kit's base/diff chain, so relabel them first.
        */
-      const detectDrift = (props: SchemaProps) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const out = resolveOut(props);
-          const dialect = props.dialect ?? "postgres";
-
-          const kit = yield* loadKit(dialect);
-          if (!kit.generateDrizzleJson || !kit.generateMigration) {
-            return yield* detectDriftWithCli(props);
+      const upgradeFolder = Effect.fn("Drizzle.upgradeFolder")(function* (
+        props: SchemaProps,
+        out: string,
+      ) {
+        if (!(yield* fs.exists(out))) return false;
+        if (cliDialect(props) === "postgresql") {
+          for (const [dir, { snapshot }] of Record.toEntries(yield* readSnapshots(out))) {
+            if (snapshot.type !== undefined || snapshot.version !== "9") continue;
+            yield* fs.writeFileString(
+              path.join(out, dir, "snapshot.json"),
+              JSON.stringify({ ...snapshot, version: "8", renames: [] }, null, 2),
+            );
           }
-
-          const generateDrizzleJson = kit.generateDrizzleJson;
-          const generateMigration = kit.generateMigration;
-
-          const schemaModule = yield* loadSchemaModule(props);
-          const prevEntry = yield* readLatestSnapshot(out);
-          const cur = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-            try: () => generateDrizzleJson(schemaModule, prevEntry?.snapshot.id),
-            catch: (cause) => new Error(`drizzle-kit generateDrizzleJson failed: ${cause}`),
-          });
-
-          // For the initial migration, drizzle-kit needs an *empty* snapshot
-          // produced by `generateDrizzleJson({})`, not a bare `{}` — the
-          // snapshot has internal fields (`ddl`, etc.) that the differ reads.
-          const prev =
-            prevEntry?.snapshot ??
-            (yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-              try: () => generateDrizzleJson({}),
-              catch: (cause) =>
-                new Error(`drizzle-kit generateDrizzleJson (empty baseline) failed: ${cause}`),
-            }));
-          const sqlStatements = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
-            try: () => generateMigration(prev, cur),
-            catch: (cause) => new Error(`drizzle-kit generateMigration failed: ${cause}`),
-          });
-          return {
-            mode: "programmatic" as const,
-            out,
-            cur,
-            prevEntry,
-            sqlStatements,
-          };
-        }).pipe(Artifacts.cached("detectDrift"));
+        }
+        const { upgraded } = yield* drizzleKit.up({ dialect: cliDialect(props), out });
+        return upgraded.length > 0;
+      });
+
+      // The schema the migrations folder describes. Postgres folders are diff
+      // chains drizzle-kit rebuilds; other dialects store full snapshots.
+      const readPreviousSnapshot = Effect.fn("Drizzle.readPreviousSnapshot")(function* (
+        kit: DrizzleKitPayload,
+        out: string,
+      ) {
+        const reconstruct = kit.reconstruct;
+        if (reconstruct === undefined) return (yield* readLatestSnapshot(out))?.snapshot;
+        const files = Record.map(yield* readSnapshots(out), ({ snapshot }) => snapshot);
+        if (Record.isEmptyRecord(files)) return undefined;
+        const parents = new Set(Record.values(files).flatMap((file) => file.prevIds ?? []));
+        const leaves = Record.values(files).filter(
+          ({ id }) => id !== undefined && !parents.has(id),
+        );
+        if (leaves.length < 2) {
+          return yield* callDrizzleKit("reconstruct", () => reconstruct(files));
+        }
+        // Unmerged branches: reconstruct an empty merge of their leaves, the
+        // combined state drizzle-kit's generate diffs against.
+        const merge = {
+          ...leaves[0]!,
+          id: MERGE_ID,
+          prevIds: leaves.map(({ id }) => id!),
+          deltas: [],
+        };
+        return yield* callDrizzleKit("reconstruct", () =>
+          reconstruct({ ...files, [`99999999999999_${MERGE_ID}`]: merge }, MERGE_ID),
+        );
+      });
 
       /**
-       * Generate a new migration directory if the schema has drifted from
-       * the latest snapshot. Returns the new state regardless.
+       * The previous and current schema, for working out which entities a
+       * rename-or-create question could have been renamed from.
        */
-      const regenerate = (props: SchemaProps) =>
-        Effect.gen(function* () {
-          const drift = yield* detectDrift(props);
+      const loadRenameContext = Effect.fn("Drizzle.loadRenameContext")(function* (
+        props: SchemaProps,
+        out: string,
+      ) {
+        const dialect = props.dialect ?? "postgres";
+        const kit = yield* importModule<DrizzleKitPayload>(`drizzle-kit/payload/${dialect}`);
+        const schemaModule = yield* Effect.tryPromise({
+          try: () =>
+            import(/* @vite-ignore */ resolveSchema(props)) as Promise<
+              Record.ReadonlyRecord<string, unknown>
+            >,
+          catch: (cause) => new SchemaImportFailed({ schema: props.schema, cause }),
+        });
+        const cur = yield* callDrizzleKit("generateDrizzleJson", () =>
+          kit.generateDrizzleJson(schemaModule),
+        );
+        const prev = yield* readPreviousSnapshot(kit, out);
+        return { prev: prev?.ddl ?? [], cur: cur.ddl ?? [] };
+      });
 
-          if (drift.mode === "cli") {
-            if (drift.changed) {
-              yield* runDrizzleGenerate(props, drift.out);
+      /**
+       * Dry-run `drizzle-kit generate` until it has no unanswered questions,
+       * asking the user each rename-or-create question it reports. The SQL is
+       * applied to the real database later in the same deploy, so ambiguous
+       * changes are never answered automatically.
+       */
+      const resolveHints = Effect.fn("Drizzle.resolveHints")(function* (
+        props: SchemaProps,
+        out: string,
+      ) {
+        const hints: Array<Hint> = [];
+        const context = yield* Effect.cached(loadRenameContext(props, out));
+        // `explain` dry-runs generate: it reports the pending migration
+        // (`ok`), `no_changes`, or the questions it still needs answered
+        // (`missing_hints`) without writing anything. Answers can raise new
+        // questions (columns of a renamed table), so ask until none are left.
+        const result = yield* Effect.gen(function* () {
+          const result = yield* drizzleKit.generate({
+            dialect: cliDialect(props),
+            schema: schemaGlob(props),
+            out,
+            explain: true,
+            hints,
+          });
+          if (result.status === "missing_hints") {
+            const { prev, cur } = yield* context;
+            for (const hint of result.unresolved) {
+              hints.push(yield* askHint(props, hint, prev, cur, hints));
             }
-
-            const migrations = yield* listMigrationDirs(drift.out);
-            const latest = yield* readLatestSnapshot(drift.out);
-            const snapshotHash = latest?.hash ?? sha(JSON.stringify(drift.cur));
-            return {
-              out: relativeOut(drift.out),
-              snapshotHash,
-              migrations,
-            };
           }
+          return result;
+        }).pipe(Effect.repeat({ until: (result) => result.status !== "missing_hints" }));
+        return { hints, changed: result.status === "ok" };
+      });
 
-          const { out, cur, sqlStatements } = drift;
+      /**
+       * Decide what a deploy would change, without touching `out`: upgrade a
+       * scratch copy of the folder, then resolve every question drizzle-kit
+       * has about the schema change. Cached so `diff` and `reconcile` share
+       * one set of answers.
+       */
+      const detectDrift = Effect.fn("Drizzle.detectDrift")(
+        function* (props: SchemaProps) {
+          const out = resolveOut(props);
+          const scratch = yield* fs.makeTempDirectoryScoped({ prefix: "alchemy-drizzle-" });
+          const migrations = path.join(scratch, "migrations");
+          if (yield* fs.exists(out)) yield* fs.copy(out, migrations);
+          const upgraded = yield* upgradeFolder(props, migrations);
+          const { hints, changed } = yield* resolveHints(props, migrations);
+          return { out, upgraded, hints, changed };
+        },
+        // Keyed by props: an interrupted create's recovery `read` sees the
+        // persisted props, which may differ from the ones being deployed.
+        (effect, props) =>
+          effect.pipe(
+            Effect.scoped,
+            Artifacts.cached(
+              `detectDrift:${cliDialect(props)}:${resolveSchema(props)}:${resolveOut(props)}`,
+            ),
+          ),
+      );
 
-          if (sqlStatements.length > 0) {
-            yield* fs.makeDirectory(out, { recursive: true });
-            const dirName = `${tsStamp()}_migration`;
-            const dirPath = path.join(out, dirName);
-            yield* fs.makeDirectory(dirPath, { recursive: true });
-            const sql = sqlStatements.join("\n--> statement-breakpoint\n") + "\n";
-            yield* fs.writeFileString(path.join(dirPath, "migration.sql"), sql);
-            yield* fs.writeFileString(
-              path.join(dirPath, "snapshot.json"),
-              JSON.stringify(cur, null, 2),
-            );
+      /**
+       * Upgrade `out` if needed and generate the pending migration with the
+       * answers gathered by {@link detectDrift}.
+       */
+      const regenerate = Effect.fn("Drizzle.regenerate")(function* (props: SchemaProps) {
+        const { out, upgraded, hints, changed } = yield* detectDrift(props);
+        if (upgraded) yield* upgradeFolder(props, out);
+        if (changed) {
+          yield* fs.makeDirectory(out, { recursive: true });
+          const result = yield* drizzleKit.generate({
+            dialect: cliDialect(props),
+            schema: schemaGlob(props),
+            out,
+            hints,
+          });
+          if (result.status === "missing_hints") {
+            return yield* new UndecidedSchemaChange({ props, hint: result.unresolved[0]! });
           }
-
-          const migrations = yield* listMigrationDirs(out);
-          const latest = yield* readLatestSnapshot(out);
-          const snapshotHash = latest?.hash ?? sha(JSON.stringify(cur));
-          return {
-            out: relativeOut(out),
-            snapshotHash,
-            migrations,
-          };
-        });
+        }
+        const latest = yield* readLatestSnapshot(out);
+        return {
+          out: relativeOut(out),
+          snapshotHash: latest?.hash ?? sha(""),
+          migrations: yield* listMigrationDirs(out),
+        };
+      });
 
       return {
         // Non-listable: a Drizzle.Schema is a local build artifact (generated
@@ -434,13 +549,17 @@ export const SchemaProvider = () =>
         list: () => Effect.succeed([]),
         diff: Effect.fn(function* ({ news, output }) {
           if (!isResolved(news)) return undefined;
-          if (!output) return undefined;
-          // Only flag an update when drizzle-kit would emit new SQL —
-          // otherwise downstream resources (e.g. Neon.Branch) would see
-          // `schema.out` as an unresolved Output during plan and cascade
-          // into spurious updates of their own.
-          const drift = yield* detectDrift(news);
-          const changed = drift.mode === "cli" ? drift.changed : drift.sqlStatements.length > 0;
+          if (!output) {
+            // Re-driving an interrupted create: answer questions now, not
+            // during apply.
+            yield* detectDrift(news);
+            return undefined;
+          }
+          // Only flag an update when drizzle-kit would emit new SQL (or the
+          // folder needs upgrading) — otherwise downstream resources (e.g.
+          // Neon.Branch) would see `schema.out` as an unresolved Output during
+          // plan and cascade into spurious updates of their own.
+          const { changed, upgraded } = yield* detectDrift(news);
           // Originally `output.out` was an absolute path, which is not portable.
           // So, we trigger an update to migrate existing resources to the
           // canonical (cwd-relative) form. This is safe because `regenerate`
@@ -448,12 +567,18 @@ export const SchemaProvider = () =>
           // testing `isAbsolute`: on Windows a cross-drive `out` can never be
           // relativized, so its canonical form IS absolute and an isAbsolute
           // check would flag an update on every deploy.
-          return changed || output.out !== relativeOut(resolveOut(news))
+          return changed || upgraded || output.out !== relativeOut(resolveOut(news))
             ? { action: "update" }
             : undefined;
         }),
         read: Effect.fn(function* ({ olds, output }) {
-          if (!output) return undefined;
+          if (!output) {
+            // A create never reaches `diff`; plan only calls `read` to look
+            // for something to adopt. Ask any rename questions now so they
+            // are answered before apply starts changing other resources.
+            if (olds && isResolved(olds)) yield* detectDrift(olds);
+            return undefined;
+          }
           const out = resolveOut(olds ?? ({} as SchemaProps));
           const exists = yield* fs.exists(out);
           if (!exists) return undefined;
@@ -479,26 +604,170 @@ export const SchemaProvider = () =>
     }),
   );
 
-const copyDirectory = (
-  from: string,
-  to: string,
-): Effect.Effect<void, PlatformError, Path.Path | FileSystem.FileSystem> =>
-  Effect.gen(function* () {
-    const path = yield* Path.Path;
-    const fs = yield* FileSystem.FileSystem;
-
-    yield* fs.makeDirectory(to, { recursive: true });
-    const entries = yield* fs.readDirectory(from);
-
-    for (const entry of entries) {
-      const source = path.join(from, entry);
-      const target = path.join(to, entry);
-      const stat = yield* fs.stat(source);
-      if (stat.type === "Directory") {
-        yield* copyDirectory(source, target);
-      } else {
-        const contents = yield* fs.readFile(source);
-        yield* fs.writeFile(target, contents);
-      }
-    }
-  });
+// drizzle-kit hint kinds → snapshot `ddl` entity types.
+const ddlEntityTypes: Record.ReadonlyRecord<string, string> = {
+  table: "tables",
+  column: "columns",
+  index: "indexes",
+  enum: "enums",
+  sequence: "sequences",
+  view: "views",
+  schema: "schemas",
+  policy: "policies",
+  role: "roles",
+  check: "checks",
+  unique: "uniques",
+  primary_key: "pks",
+  "foreign key": "fks",
+};
+
+const MERGE_ID = "alchemy-unmerged-branches";
+
+// mysql and sqlite have no schemas; drizzle-kit fills ids with `public`.
+const DEFAULT_SCHEMA = "public";
+
+const formatEntity = (entity: ReadonlyArray<string>) =>
+  (entity.length > 1 && entity[0] === DEFAULT_SCHEMA ? entity.slice(1) : entity).join(".");
+
+type Located = { entityType: string; schema: string; table: string; name: string };
+
+const locate = (row: DdlEntry) => ({
+  entityType: row.entityType,
+  schema: row.schema ?? DEFAULT_SCHEMA,
+  table: row.table ?? "",
+  name: row.name ?? "",
+});
+
+const idOf = (row: Located, arity: number) =>
+  Match.value(arity).pipe(
+    Match.when(1, () => [row.name]),
+    Match.when(2, () => [row.schema, row.name]),
+    Match.orElse(() => [row.schema, row.table, row.name]),
+  );
+
+type Rename = Extract<Hint, { type: "rename" }>;
+
+// Give `row` the id `to`, shaped like the `from` id it was matched by.
+const withId = (row: Located, to: ReadonlyArray<string>) =>
+  Match.value(to.length).pipe(
+    Match.when(1, () => ({ ...row, name: to[0]! })),
+    Match.when(2, () => ({ ...row, schema: to[0]!, name: to[1]! })),
+    Match.orElse(() => ({ ...row, schema: to[0]!, table: to[1]!, name: to[2]! })),
+  );
+
+const renameRow = (row: Located, rename: Rename) => {
+  const { from, to } = rename;
+  return Match.value(rename).pipe(
+    // Schema rows name themselves; everything else names its schema.
+    Match.when({ kind: "schema" }, () =>
+      Match.value(row).pipe(
+        Match.when({ entityType: "schemas", name: from[0] }, () => ({ ...row, name: to[0]! })),
+        Match.when({ entityType: (type) => type !== "schemas", schema: from[0] }, () => ({
+          ...row,
+          schema: to[0]!,
+        })),
+        Match.orElse(() => row),
+      ),
+    ),
+    // The table and everything inside it follow the rename (or move).
+    Match.when({ kind: "table" }, () =>
+      Match.value(row).pipe(
+        Match.when({ entityType: "tables", schema: from[0], name: from[1] }, () => withId(row, to)),
+        Match.when({ schema: from[0], table: from[1] }, () => ({
+          ...row,
+          schema: to[0]!,
+          table: to[1]!,
+        })),
+        Match.orElse(() => row),
+      ),
+    ),
+    Match.orElse(({ kind }) =>
+      row.entityType === ddlEntityTypes[kind] &&
+      JSON.stringify(idOf(row, from.length)) === JSON.stringify(from)
+        ? withId(row, to)
+        : row,
+    ),
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Carry previous entities through the renames answered so far, so a later
+ * question about the renamed table (or a table moved to another schema)
+ * matches the entities that moved with it.
+ */
+const applyRenames = (rows: ReadonlyArray<Located>, hints: ReadonlyArray<Hint>) => {
+  let current = rows;
+  for (const hint of hints) {
+    if (hint.type === "rename") current = current.map((row) => renameRow(row, hint));
+  }
+  return current;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Entities a rename-or-create question could have been renamed from: same
+ * kind, present before (after the renames answered so far), gone now.
+ * Columns, indexes, … are offered from the same table first.
+ */
+const renameCandidates = (
+  hint: MissingHint,
+  prev: ReadonlyArray<DdlEntry>,
+  cur: ReadonlyArray<DdlEntry>,
+  hints: ReadonlyArray<Hint>,
+) => {
+  const entityType = ddlEntityTypes[hint.kind];
+  const arity = hint.entity.length;
+  const ofKind = (rows: ReadonlyArray<Located>) =>
+    rows.filter((row) => row.entityType === entityType);
+  const current = new Set(ofKind(cur.map(locate)).map((row) => JSON.stringify(idOf(row, arity))));
+  const gone = ofKind(applyRenames(prev.map(locate), hints))
+    .map((row) => idOf(row, arity))
+    .filter((id) => !current.has(JSON.stringify(id)));
+  const sameParent = gone.filter(
+    (id) => arity < 3 || (id[0] === hint.entity[0] && id[1] === hint.entity[1]),
+  );
+  return sameParent.length > 0 ? sameParent : gone;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Answer one drizzle-kit `MissingHint` with an Alchemy prompt. drizzle-kit
+ * only asks when a rename is possible, so the question is always shown —
+ * never answered with "create" on the user's behalf. A dismissed prompt stays
+ * a `TerminalCancelled` so the CLI exits quietly, the same as cancelling the
+ * deploy confirmation.
+ */
+const askHint = Effect.fn("Drizzle.askHint")(
+  function* (
+    props: SchemaProps,
+    hint: MissingHint,
+    prev: ReadonlyArray<DdlEntry>,
+    cur: ReadonlyArray<DdlEntry>,
+    hints: ReadonlyArray<Hint>,
+  ) {
+    const interaction = yield* Effect.serviceOption(Interaction);
+    if (Option.isNone(interaction)) return yield* new UndecidedSchemaChange({ props, hint });
+
+    const name = formatEntity(hint.entity);
+    return yield* interaction.value.prompt.select<Hint>({
+      message: `Is ${hint.kind} ${name} created or renamed from another ${hint.kind}?`,
+      options: [
+        {
+          value: { type: "create", kind: hint.kind, entity: hint.entity },
+          label: `+ ${name}`,
+          description: `create ${hint.kind}`,
+        },
+        ...renameCandidates(hint, prev, cur, hints).map((from) => ({
+          value: { type: "rename", kind: hint.kind, from, to: hint.entity } satisfies Hint,
+          label: `~ ${formatEntity(from)} › ${name}`,
+          description: `rename ${hint.kind}`,
+        })),
+      ],
+      descriptionPlacement: "inline",
+    });
+  },
+  (effect, props, hint) =>
+    effect.pipe(
+      Effect.catchTag("NonInteractiveTerminal", () =>
+        Effect.fail(new UndecidedSchemaChange({ props, hint })),
+      ),
+    ),
+);