@ai-sdk/mcp 2.0.35 → 2.0.36

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 # @ai-sdk/mcp
 
+## 2.0.36
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- b352a6a: fix(mcp): support spawning command shims such as `npx` on Windows
+- Updated dependencies [b74971f]
+  - @ai-sdk/provider-utils@5.0.29
+
 ## 2.0.35
 
 ### Patch Changes

package/dist/mcp-stdio/index.js

@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ var MCPClientError = class extends (_b = AISDKError, _a = symbol, _b) {
 };
 
 // src/tool/mcp-stdio/create-child-process.ts
-import { spawn } from "child_process";
+import spawn from "cross-spawn";
 
 // src/tool/mcp-stdio/get-environment.ts
 function getEnvironment(customEnv) {
@@ -355,10 +355,15 @@ function getEnvironment(customEnv) {
 
 // src/tool/mcp-stdio/create-child-process.ts
 function createChildProcess(config, signal) {
-  var _a2, _b2;
-  return spawn(config.command, (_a2 = config.args) != null ? _a2 : [], {
+  var _a2, _b2, _c;
+  if (globalThis.process.platform === "win32" && [config.command, ...(_a2 = config.args) != null ? _a2 : []].some((value) => /[\r\n]/.test(value))) {
+    throw new TypeError(
+      "Stdio MCP commands and arguments must not contain line breaks on Windows."
+    );
+  }
+  return spawn(config.command, (_b2 = config.args) != null ? _b2 : [], {
     env: getEnvironment(config.env),
-    stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", (_b2 = config.stderr) != null ? _b2 : "inherit"],
+    stdio: ["pipe", "pipe", (_c = config.stderr) != null ? _c : "inherit"],
     shell: false,
     signal,
     windowsHide: globalThis.process.platform === "win32" && isElectron(),

package/dist/mcp-stdio/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"sources":["../../src/tool/json-rpc-message.ts","../../src/tool/types.ts","../../src/error/mcp-client-error.ts","../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/create-child-process.ts","../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/get-environment.ts","../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/mcp-stdio-transport.ts"],"sourcesContent":["import { parseJSON } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';\nimport { z } from 'zod/v4';\nimport { BaseParamsSchema, RequestSchema, ResultSchema } from './types';\n\nconst JSONRPC_VERSION = '2.0';\n\nconst JSONRPCRequestSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n    id: z.union([z.string(), z.number().int()]),\n  })\n  .merge(RequestSchema)\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCRequest = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCRequestSchema>;\n\nconst JSONRPCResponseSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n    id: z.union([z.string(), z.number().int()]),\n    result: ResultSchema,\n  })\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCResponse = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCResponseSchema>;\n\nconst JSONRPCErrorSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n    id: z.optional(z.union([z.string(), z.number().int()])),\n    error: z.object({\n      code: z.number().int(),\n      message: z.string(),\n      data: z.optional(z.unknown()),\n    }),\n  })\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCError = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCErrorSchema>;\n\nconst JSONRPCNotificationSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n  })\n  .merge(\n    z.object({\n      method: z.string(),\n      params: z.optional(BaseParamsSchema),\n    }),\n  )\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCNotification = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCNotificationSchema>;\n\nexport const JSONRPCMessageSchema = z.union([\n  JSONRPCRequestSchema,\n  JSONRPCNotificationSchema,\n  JSONRPCResponseSchema,\n  JSONRPCErrorSchema,\n]);\n\nexport type JSONRPCMessage = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCMessageSchema>;\n\nexport function validateJSONRPCMessage(message: unknown): JSONRPCMessage {\n  return JSONRPCMessageSchema.parse(message);\n}\n\nexport async function parseJSONRPCMessage(\n  text: string,\n): Promise<JSONRPCMessage> {\n  return validateJSONRPCMessage(await parseJSON({ text }));\n}\n","import { z } from 'zod/v4';\nimport type { JSONObject } from '@ai-sdk/provider';\nimport type { FlexibleSchema, Tool } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';\n\nexport const LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION = '2026-07-28';\nexport const LATEST_LEGACY_PROTOCOL_VERSION = '2025-11-25';\nexport const SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = [\n  LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,\n  LATEST_LEGACY_PROTOCOL_VERSION,\n  '2025-06-18',\n  '2025-03-26',\n  '2024-11-05',\n];\n\nexport type McpProviderMetadata = {\n  clientName?: string;\n  title?: string;\n  toolName?: string;\n  app?: JSONObject;\n};\n\n/** MCP tool metadata - keys should follow MCP _meta key format specification */\nconst ToolMetaSchema = z.optional(z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()));\nexport type ToolMeta = z.infer<typeof ToolMetaSchema>;\n\nexport type ToolSchemas =\n  | Record<\n      string,\n      {\n        inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<JSONObject | unknown>;\n        outputSchema?: FlexibleSchema<JSONObject | unknown>;\n      }\n    >\n  | 'automatic'\n  | undefined;\n\n/** Base MCP tool type with execute and _meta */\ntype McpToolBase<INPUT = unknown, OUTPUT = CallToolResult> = Tool<\n  INPUT,\n  OUTPUT\n> &\n  Required<Pick<Tool<INPUT, OUTPUT>, 'execute'>> & {\n    _meta?: ToolMeta;\n  };\n\nexport type McpToolSet<TOOL_SCHEMAS extends ToolSchemas = 'automatic'> =\n  TOOL_SCHEMAS extends Record<\n    string,\n    { inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<any>; outputSchema?: FlexibleSchema<any> }\n  >\n    ? {\n        [K in keyof TOOL_SCHEMAS]: TOOL_SCHEMAS[K] extends {\n          inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer INPUT>;\n          outputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer OUTPUT>;\n        }\n          ? McpToolBase<INPUT, OUTPUT>\n          : TOOL_SCHEMAS[K] extends {\n                inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer INPUT>;\n              }\n            ? McpToolBase<INPUT, CallToolResult>\n            : never;\n      }\n    : Record<string, McpToolBase<unknown, CallToolResult>>;\n\nconst ClientOrServerImplementationSchema = z.looseObject({\n  name: z.string(),\n  version: z.string(),\n  title: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\n\n// Maps to `Implementation` in the MCP specification\nexport type Configuration = z.infer<typeof ClientOrServerImplementationSchema>;\n\nexport const BaseParamsSchema = z.looseObject({\n  _meta: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n});\ntype BaseParams = z.infer<typeof BaseParamsSchema>;\nexport const ResultSchema = BaseParamsSchema.extend({\n  resultType: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\n\nexport const RequestSchema = z.object({\n  method: z.string(),\n  params: z.optional(BaseParamsSchema),\n});\nexport type Request = z.infer<typeof RequestSchema>;\nexport type RequestOptions = {\n  signal?: AbortSignal;\n  timeout?: number;\n  maxTotalTimeout?: number;\n};\n\nexport type Notification = z.infer<typeof RequestSchema>;\n\n/** @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/client/elicitation */\nconst ElicitationCapabilitySchema = z\n  .object({\n    applyDefaults: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nconst ServerCapabilitiesSchema = z.looseObject({\n  experimental: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  logging: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  completions: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  prompts: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  resources: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      subscribe: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  tools: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  elicitation: z.optional(ElicitationCapabilitySchema),\n});\n\nexport type ServerCapabilities = z.infer<typeof ServerCapabilitiesSchema>;\nexport const ClientCapabilitiesSchema = z\n  .object({\n    elicitation: z.optional(ElicitationCapabilitySchema),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport type ClientCapabilities = z.infer<typeof ClientCapabilitiesSchema>;\nexport type ElicitationCapability = z.infer<typeof ElicitationCapabilitySchema>;\n\nexport const DiscoverResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  supportedVersions: z.array(z.string()),\n  capabilities: ServerCapabilitiesSchema,\n  instructions: z.optional(z.string()),\n  ttlMs: z.optional(z.number()),\n  cacheScope: z.optional(z.union([z.literal('public'), z.literal('private')])),\n});\nexport type DiscoverResult = z.infer<typeof DiscoverResultSchema>;\n\nexport const InitializeResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  protocolVersion: z.string(),\n  capabilities: ServerCapabilitiesSchema,\n  serverInfo: ClientOrServerImplementationSchema,\n  instructions: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\nexport type InitializeResult = z.infer<typeof InitializeResultSchema>;\n\nexport type PaginatedRequest = Request & {\n  params?: BaseParams & {\n    cursor?: string;\n  };\n};\n\nconst PaginatedResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  nextCursor: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\n\nconst ToolSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    /**\n     * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25/server/tools#tool\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    inputSchema: z.looseObject({\n      type: z.optional(z.unknown()),\n      properties: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n    }),\n    /**\n     * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/tools#output-schema\n     */\n    outputSchema: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n    annotations: z.optional(\n      z\n        .object({\n          title: z.optional(z.string()),\n        })\n        .loose(),\n    ),\n    _meta: ToolMetaSchema,\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPTool = z.infer<typeof ToolSchema>;\nexport const ListToolsResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  tools: z.array(ToolSchema),\n});\nexport type ListToolsResult = z.infer<typeof ListToolsResultSchema>;\n\nconst TextContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('text'),\n    text: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst ImageContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('image'),\n    data: z.base64(),\n    mimeType: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport const ResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    uri: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n    size: z.optional(z.number()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPResource = z.infer<typeof ResourceSchema>;\n\nexport const ListResourcesResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  resources: z.array(ResourceSchema),\n});\nexport type ListResourcesResult = z.infer<typeof ListResourcesResultSchema>;\n\nconst ResourceContentsSchema = z\n  .object({\n    /**\n     * The URI of this resource.\n     */\n    uri: z.string(),\n    /**\n     * Optional display name of the resource content.\n     */\n    name: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * Optional human readable title.\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * The MIME type of this resource, if known.\n     */\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst TextResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  text: z.string(),\n});\nconst BlobResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  blob: z.base64(),\n});\nconst EmbeddedResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource'),\n    resource: z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst ResourceLinkContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource_link'),\n    uri: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const CallToolResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  content: z.array(\n    z.union([\n      TextContentSchema,\n      ImageContentSchema,\n      EmbeddedResourceSchema,\n      ResourceLinkContentSchema,\n    ]),\n  ),\n  /**\n   * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/tools#structured-content\n   */\n  structuredContent: z.optional(z.unknown()),\n  isError: z.boolean().default(false).optional(),\n}).or(\n  ResultSchema.extend({\n    toolResult: z.unknown(),\n  }),\n);\nexport type CallToolResult = z.infer<typeof CallToolResultSchema>;\n\nconst ResourceTemplateSchema = z\n  .object({\n    uriTemplate: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const ListResourceTemplatesResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  resourceTemplates: z.array(ResourceTemplateSchema),\n});\nexport type ListResourceTemplatesResult = z.infer<\n  typeof ListResourceTemplatesResultSchema\n>;\n\nexport const ReadResourceResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  contents: z.array(\n    z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  ),\n});\nexport type ReadResourceResult = z.infer<typeof ReadResourceResultSchema>;\n\n// Completions\nconst PromptReferenceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('ref/prompt'),\n    name: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nconst ResourceReferenceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('ref/resource'),\n    uri: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nconst CompletionArgumentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    value: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const CompleteRequestParamsSchema = BaseParamsSchema.extend({\n  ref: z.union([PromptReferenceSchema, ResourceReferenceSchema]),\n  argument: CompletionArgumentSchema,\n  context: z.optional(\n    z\n      .object({\n        arguments: z.record(z.string(), z.string()),\n      })\n      .loose(),\n  ),\n});\nexport type CompleteRequestParams = z.infer<typeof CompleteRequestParamsSchema>;\n\nexport const CompleteResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  completion: z\n    .object({\n      values: z.array(z.string()).max(100),\n      total: z.optional(z.number().int()),\n      hasMore: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    })\n    .loose(),\n});\nexport type CompleteResult = z.infer<typeof CompleteResultSchema>;\n\n// Prompts\nconst PromptArgumentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    required: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const PromptSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    arguments: z.optional(z.array(PromptArgumentSchema)),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPPrompt = z.infer<typeof PromptSchema>;\n\nexport const ListPromptsResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  prompts: z.array(PromptSchema),\n});\nexport type ListPromptsResult = z.infer<typeof ListPromptsResultSchema>;\n\nconst PromptMessageSchema = z\n  .object({\n    role: z.union([z.literal('user'), z.literal('assistant')]),\n    content: z.union([\n      TextContentSchema,\n      ImageContentSchema,\n      EmbeddedResourceSchema,\n      ResourceLinkContentSchema,\n    ]),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPPromptMessage = z.infer<typeof PromptMessageSchema>;\n\nexport const GetPromptResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  description: z.optional(z.string()),\n  messages: z.array(PromptMessageSchema),\n});\nexport type GetPromptResult = z.infer<typeof GetPromptResultSchema>;\n\nconst ElicitationRequestParamsSchema = BaseParamsSchema.extend({\n  message: z.string(),\n  requestedSchema: z.unknown(),\n});\n\nexport const ElicitationRequestSchema = RequestSchema.extend({\n  method: z.literal('elicitation/create'),\n  params: ElicitationRequestParamsSchema,\n});\n\nexport type ElicitationRequest = z.infer<typeof ElicitationRequestSchema>;\n\nexport const ElicitResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  action: z.union([\n    z.literal('accept'),\n    z.literal('decline'),\n    z.literal('cancel'),\n  ]),\n  content: z.optional(z.record(z.string(), z.unknown())),\n});\n\nexport type ElicitResult = z.infer<typeof ElicitResultSchema>;\n","import { AISDKError } from '@ai-sdk/provider';\n\nconst name = 'AI_MCPClientError';\nconst marker = `vercel.ai.error.${name}`;\nconst symbol = Symbol.for(marker);\n\n/**\n * An error occurred with the MCP client.\n */\nexport class MCPClientError extends AISDKError {\n  private readonly [symbol] = true;\n  readonly data?: unknown;\n\n  /**\n   * JSON-RPC error code from the server response, per the JSON-RPC 2.0\n   * spec (e.g. `-32601` method-not-found, `-32602` invalid-params, or\n   * MCP-specific codes such as `-32002` resource-not-found). This is the\n   * application-level error code populated from `error.code` in the\n   * server's JSON-RPC error payload. Distinct from `statusCode`, which\n   * is the HTTP transport status.\n   */\n  readonly code?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * HTTP status code from the failed response, when the error originated\n   * from an HTTP-based transport. Undefined for stdio transport\n   * errors and for failures that do not have an associated response\n   * status (e.g. network errors, abort). Distinct from `code`, which is\n   * the JSON-RPC application error code.\n   */\n  readonly statusCode?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * URL of the MCP endpoint the failing request was sent to, when the\n   * error originated from an HTTP transport failure.\n   */\n  readonly url?: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Body of the failing HTTP response, decoded as text, when available.\n   * Undefined when the body could not be read or the error did not have\n   * an associated response.\n   */\n  readonly responseBody?: string;\n\n  constructor({\n    name = 'MCPClientError',\n    message,\n    cause,\n    data,\n    code,\n    statusCode,\n    url,\n    responseBody,\n  }: {\n    name?: string;\n    message: string;\n    cause?: unknown;\n    data?: unknown;\n    code?: number;\n    statusCode?: number;\n    url?: string;\n    responseBody?: string;\n  }) {\n    super({ name, message, cause });\n    this.data = data;\n    this.code = code;\n    this.statusCode = statusCode;\n    this.url = url;\n    this.responseBody = responseBody;\n  }\n\n  static isInstance(error: unknown): error is MCPClientError {\n    return AISDKError.hasMarker(error, marker);\n  }\n}\n","import { spawn, type ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';\nimport { getEnvironment } from './get-environment';\nimport type { StdioConfig } from './mcp-stdio-transport';\n\nexport function createChildProcess(\n  config: StdioConfig,\n  signal: AbortSignal,\n): ChildProcess {\n  return spawn(config.command, config.args ?? [], {\n    env: getEnvironment(config.env),\n    stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', config.stderr ?? 'inherit'],\n    shell: false,\n    signal,\n    windowsHide: globalThis.process.platform === 'win32' && isElectron(),\n    cwd: config.cwd,\n  });\n}\n\nfunction isElectron() {\n  return 'type' in globalThis.process;\n}\n","/**\n * Constructs the environment variables for the child process.\n *\n * @param customEnv - Custom environment variables to merge with default environment variables.\n * @returns The environment variables for the child process.\n */\nexport function getEnvironment(\n  customEnv?: Record<string, string>,\n): Record<string, string> {\n  const DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS =\n    globalThis.process.platform === 'win32'\n      ? [\n          'APPDATA',\n          'HOMEDRIVE',\n          'HOMEPATH',\n          'LOCALAPPDATA',\n          'PATH',\n          'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE',\n          'SYSTEMDRIVE',\n          'SYSTEMROOT',\n          'TEMP',\n          'USERNAME',\n          'USERPROFILE',\n        ]\n      : ['HOME', 'LOGNAME', 'PATH', 'SHELL', 'TERM', 'USER'];\n\n  const env: Record<string, string> = customEnv ? { ...customEnv } : {};\n\n  for (const key of DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS) {\n    const value = globalThis.process.env[key];\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    if (value.startsWith('()')) {\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    env[key] = value;\n  }\n\n  return env;\n}\n","import type { ChildProcess, IOType } from 'node:child_process';\nimport type { Stream } from 'node:stream';\nimport { parseJSONRPCMessage, type JSONRPCMessage } from '../json-rpc-message';\nimport type { MCPTransport } from '../mcp-transport';\nimport { MCPClientError } from '../../error/mcp-client-error';\nimport { createChildProcess } from './create-child-process';\n\nexport interface StdioConfig {\n  command: string;\n  args?: string[];\n  env?: Record<string, string>;\n  stderr?: IOType | Stream | number;\n  cwd?: string;\n}\n\nexport class StdioMCPTransport implements MCPTransport {\n  readonly supportsProtocolVersionDiscovery = true;\n  private process?: ChildProcess;\n  private abortController: AbortController = new AbortController();\n  private readBuffer: ReadBuffer = new ReadBuffer();\n  private serverParams: StdioConfig;\n\n  onclose?: () => void;\n  onerror?: (error: unknown) => void;\n  onmessage?: (message: JSONRPCMessage) => void;\n\n  constructor(server: StdioConfig) {\n    this.serverParams = server;\n  }\n\n  async start(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.process) {\n      throw new MCPClientError({\n        message: 'StdioMCPTransport already started.',\n      });\n    }\n\n    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n      try {\n        const process = createChildProcess(\n          this.serverParams,\n          this.abortController.signal,\n        );\n\n        this.process = process;\n\n        this.process.on('error', error => {\n          if (error.name === 'AbortError') {\n            this.onclose?.();\n            return;\n          }\n\n          reject(error);\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n\n        this.process.on('spawn', () => {\n          resolve();\n        });\n\n        this.process.on('close', _code => {\n          this.process = undefined;\n          this.onclose?.();\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdin?.on('error', error => {\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdout?.on('data', chunk => {\n          this.readBuffer.append(chunk);\n          void this.processReadBuffer();\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdout?.on('error', error => {\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n      } catch (error) {\n        reject(error);\n        this.onerror?.(error);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  private async processReadBuffer() {\n    while (true) {\n      const line = this.readBuffer.readLine();\n      if (line === null) {\n        break;\n      }\n\n      try {\n        const message = await deserializeMessage(line);\n        this.onmessage?.(message);\n      } catch (error) {\n        this.onerror?.(error as Error);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    this.abortController.abort();\n    this.process = undefined;\n    this.readBuffer.clear();\n  }\n\n  send(message: JSONRPCMessage): Promise<void> {\n    return new Promise(resolve => {\n      if (!this.process?.stdin) {\n        throw new MCPClientError({\n          message: 'StdioClientTransport not connected',\n        });\n      }\n\n      const json = serializeMessage(message);\n      if (this.process.stdin.write(json)) {\n        resolve();\n      } else {\n        this.process.stdin.once('drain', resolve);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n}\n\nclass ReadBuffer {\n  private buffer?: Buffer;\n\n  append(chunk: Buffer): void {\n    this.buffer = this.buffer ? Buffer.concat([this.buffer, chunk]) : chunk;\n  }\n\n  readLine(): string | null {\n    if (!this.buffer) return null;\n\n    const index = this.buffer.indexOf('\\n');\n    if (index === -1) {\n      return null;\n    }\n\n    const line = this.buffer.toString('utf8', 0, index);\n    this.buffer = this.buffer.subarray(index + 1);\n    return line;\n  }\n\n  clear(): void {\n    this.buffer = undefined;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction serializeMessage(message: JSONRPCMessage): string {\n  return JSON.stringify(message) + '\\n';\n}\n\nexport async function deserializeMessage(\n  line: string,\n): Promise<JSONRPCMessage> {\n  return 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/**\n     * Optional display name of the resource content.\n     */\n    name: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * Optional human readable title.\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * The MIME type of this resource, if known.\n     */\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst TextResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  text: z.string(),\n});\nconst BlobResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  blob: z.base64(),\n});\nconst EmbeddedResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource'),\n    resource: z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst ResourceLinkContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource_link'),\n    uri: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const CallToolResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  content: 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This is the\n   * application-level error code populated from `error.code` in the\n   * server's JSON-RPC error payload. Distinct from `statusCode`, which\n   * is the HTTP transport status.\n   */\n  readonly code?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * HTTP status code from the failed response, when the error originated\n   * from an HTTP-based transport. Undefined for stdio transport\n   * errors and for failures that do not have an associated response\n   * status (e.g. network errors, abort). Distinct from `code`, which is\n   * the JSON-RPC application error code.\n   */\n  readonly statusCode?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * URL of the MCP endpoint the failing request was sent to, when the\n   * error originated from an HTTP transport failure.\n   */\n  readonly url?: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Body of the failing HTTP response, decoded as text, when available.\n   * Undefined when the body could not be read or the error did not have\n   * an associated response.\n   */\n  readonly responseBody?: string;\n\n  constructor({\n    name = 'MCPClientError',\n    message,\n    cause,\n    data,\n    code,\n    statusCode,\n    url,\n    responseBody,\n  }: {\n    name?: string;\n    message: string;\n    cause?: unknown;\n    data?: unknown;\n    code?: number;\n    statusCode?: number;\n    url?: string;\n    responseBody?: string;\n  }) {\n    super({ name, message, cause });\n    this.data = data;\n    this.code = code;\n    this.statusCode = statusCode;\n    this.url = url;\n    this.responseBody = responseBody;\n  }\n\n  static isInstance(error: unknown): error is MCPClientError {\n    return AISDKError.hasMarker(error, marker);\n  }\n}\n","import type { ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';\nimport spawn from 'cross-spawn';\nimport { getEnvironment } from './get-environment';\nimport type { StdioConfig } from './mcp-stdio-transport';\n\nexport function createChildProcess(\n  config: StdioConfig,\n  signal: AbortSignal,\n): ChildProcess {\n  if (\n    globalThis.process.platform === 'win32' &&\n    [config.command, ...(config.args ?? [])].some(value => /[\\r\\n]/.test(value))\n  ) {\n    throw new TypeError(\n      'Stdio MCP commands and arguments must not contain line breaks on Windows.',\n    );\n  }\n\n  return spawn(config.command, config.args ?? [], {\n    env: getEnvironment(config.env),\n    stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', config.stderr ?? 'inherit'],\n    shell: false,\n    signal,\n    windowsHide: globalThis.process.platform === 'win32' && isElectron(),\n    cwd: config.cwd,\n  });\n}\n\nfunction isElectron() {\n  return 'type' in globalThis.process;\n}\n","/**\n * Constructs the environment variables for the child process.\n *\n * @param customEnv - Custom environment variables to merge with default environment variables.\n * @returns The environment variables for the child process.\n */\nexport function getEnvironment(\n  customEnv?: Record<string, string>,\n): Record<string, string> {\n  const DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS =\n    globalThis.process.platform === 'win32'\n      ? 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package/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@ai-sdk/mcp",
-  "version": "2.0.35",
+  "version": "2.0.36",
   "type": "module",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "sideEffects": false,
@@ -31,11 +31,13 @@
     }
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "cross-spawn": "^7.0.6",
     "pkce-challenge": "^5.0.1",
     "@ai-sdk/provider": "4.0.7",
-    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "5.0.28"
+    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "5.0.29"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/cross-spawn": "^6.0.6",
     "@types/node": "22.19.19",
     "tsup": "^8.5.1",
     "typescript": "5.8.3",

package/src/tool/mcp-stdio/create-child-process.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-import { spawn, type ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';
+import type { ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';
+import spawn from 'cross-spawn';
 import { getEnvironment } from './get-environment';
 import type { StdioConfig } from './mcp-stdio-transport';
 
@@ -6,6 +7,15 @@ export function createChildProcess(
   config: StdioConfig,
   signal: AbortSignal,
 ): ChildProcess {
+  if (
+    globalThis.process.platform === 'win32' &&
+    [config.command, ...(config.args ?? [])].some(value => /[\r\n]/.test(value))
+  ) {
+    throw new TypeError(
+      'Stdio MCP commands and arguments must not contain line breaks on Windows.',
+    );
+  }
+
   return spawn(config.command, config.args ?? [], {
     env: getEnvironment(config.env),
     stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', config.stderr ?? 'inherit'],