@ai-sdk/mcp 2.0.0-beta.5 → 2.0.0-beta.66

package/dist/mcp-stdio/index.js.map

@@ -1 +1 @@
-{"version":3,"sources":["../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/index.ts","../../src/tool/json-rpc-message.ts","../../src/tool/types.ts","../../src/error/mcp-client-error.ts","../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/create-child-process.ts","../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/get-environment.ts","../../src/tool/mcp-stdio/mcp-stdio-transport.ts"],"sourcesContent":["export {\n  StdioMCPTransport as Experimental_StdioMCPTransport,\n  type StdioConfig,\n} from './mcp-stdio-transport';\n","import { z } from 'zod/v4';\nimport { BaseParamsSchema, RequestSchema, ResultSchema } from './types';\n\nconst JSONRPC_VERSION = '2.0';\n\nconst JSONRPCRequestSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n    id: z.union([z.string(), z.number().int()]),\n  })\n  .merge(RequestSchema)\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCRequest = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCRequestSchema>;\n\nconst JSONRPCResponseSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n    id: z.union([z.string(), z.number().int()]),\n    result: ResultSchema,\n  })\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCResponse = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCResponseSchema>;\n\nconst JSONRPCErrorSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n    id: z.union([z.string(), z.number().int()]),\n    error: z.object({\n      code: z.number().int(),\n      message: z.string(),\n      data: z.optional(z.unknown()),\n    }),\n  })\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCError = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCErrorSchema>;\n\nconst JSONRPCNotificationSchema = z\n  .object({\n    jsonrpc: z.literal(JSONRPC_VERSION),\n  })\n  .merge(\n    z.object({\n      method: z.string(),\n      params: z.optional(BaseParamsSchema),\n    }),\n  )\n  .strict();\n\nexport type JSONRPCNotification = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCNotificationSchema>;\n\nexport const JSONRPCMessageSchema = z.union([\n  JSONRPCRequestSchema,\n  JSONRPCNotificationSchema,\n  JSONRPCResponseSchema,\n  JSONRPCErrorSchema,\n]);\n\nexport type JSONRPCMessage = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCMessageSchema>;\n","import { z } from 'zod/v4';\nimport { JSONObject } from '@ai-sdk/provider';\nimport { FlexibleSchema, Tool } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';\n\nexport const LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION = '2025-11-25';\nexport const SUPPORTED_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = [\n  LATEST_PROTOCOL_VERSION,\n  '2025-06-18',\n  '2025-03-26',\n  '2024-11-05',\n];\n\n/** MCP tool metadata - keys should follow MCP _meta key format specification */\nconst ToolMetaSchema = z.optional(z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()));\nexport type ToolMeta = z.infer<typeof ToolMetaSchema>;\n\nexport type ToolSchemas =\n  | Record<\n      string,\n      {\n        inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<JSONObject | unknown>;\n        outputSchema?: FlexibleSchema<JSONObject | unknown>;\n      }\n    >\n  | 'automatic'\n  | undefined;\n\n/** Base MCP tool type with execute and _meta */\ntype McpToolBase<INPUT = unknown, OUTPUT = CallToolResult> = Tool<\n  INPUT,\n  OUTPUT\n> &\n  Required<Pick<Tool<INPUT, OUTPUT>, 'execute'>> & {\n    _meta?: ToolMeta;\n  };\n\nexport type McpToolSet<TOOL_SCHEMAS extends ToolSchemas = 'automatic'> =\n  TOOL_SCHEMAS extends Record<\n    string,\n    { inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<any>; outputSchema?: FlexibleSchema<any> }\n  >\n    ? {\n        [K in keyof TOOL_SCHEMAS]: TOOL_SCHEMAS[K] extends {\n          inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer INPUT>;\n          outputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer OUTPUT>;\n        }\n          ? McpToolBase<INPUT, OUTPUT>\n          : TOOL_SCHEMAS[K] extends {\n                inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer INPUT>;\n              }\n            ? McpToolBase<INPUT, CallToolResult>\n            : never;\n      }\n    : Record<string, McpToolBase<unknown, CallToolResult>>;\n\nconst ClientOrServerImplementationSchema = z.looseObject({\n  name: z.string(),\n  version: z.string(),\n});\n\nexport type Configuration = z.infer<typeof ClientOrServerImplementationSchema>;\n\nexport const BaseParamsSchema = z.looseObject({\n  _meta: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n});\ntype BaseParams = z.infer<typeof BaseParamsSchema>;\nexport const ResultSchema = BaseParamsSchema;\n\nexport const RequestSchema = z.object({\n  method: z.string(),\n  params: z.optional(BaseParamsSchema),\n});\nexport type Request = z.infer<typeof RequestSchema>;\nexport type RequestOptions = {\n  signal?: AbortSignal;\n  timeout?: number;\n  maxTotalTimeout?: number;\n};\n\nexport type Notification = z.infer<typeof RequestSchema>;\n\n/** @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/client/elicitation */\nconst ElicitationCapabilitySchema = z\n  .object({\n    applyDefaults: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nconst ServerCapabilitiesSchema = z.looseObject({\n  experimental: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  logging: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  prompts: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  resources: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      subscribe: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  tools: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  elicitation: z.optional(ElicitationCapabilitySchema),\n});\n\nexport type ServerCapabilities = z.infer<typeof ServerCapabilitiesSchema>;\nexport const ClientCapabilitiesSchema = z\n  .object({\n    elicitation: z.optional(ElicitationCapabilitySchema),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport type ClientCapabilities = z.infer<typeof ClientCapabilitiesSchema>;\nexport type ElicitationCapability = z.infer<typeof ElicitationCapabilitySchema>;\n\nexport const InitializeResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  protocolVersion: z.string(),\n  capabilities: ServerCapabilitiesSchema,\n  serverInfo: ClientOrServerImplementationSchema,\n  instructions: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\nexport type InitializeResult = z.infer<typeof InitializeResultSchema>;\n\nexport type PaginatedRequest = Request & {\n  params?: BaseParams & {\n    cursor?: string;\n  };\n};\n\nconst PaginatedResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  nextCursor: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\n\nconst ToolSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    /**\n     * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25/server/tools#tool\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    inputSchema: z\n      .object({\n        type: z.literal('object'),\n        properties: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n      })\n      .loose(),\n    /**\n     * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/tools#output-schema\n     */\n    outputSchema: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n    annotations: z.optional(\n      z\n        .object({\n          title: z.optional(z.string()),\n        })\n        .loose(),\n    ),\n    _meta: ToolMetaSchema,\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPTool = z.infer<typeof ToolSchema>;\nexport const ListToolsResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  tools: z.array(ToolSchema),\n});\nexport type ListToolsResult = z.infer<typeof ListToolsResultSchema>;\n\nconst TextContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('text'),\n    text: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst ImageContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('image'),\n    data: z.base64(),\n    mimeType: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport const ResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    uri: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n    size: z.optional(z.number()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPResource = z.infer<typeof ResourceSchema>;\n\nexport const ListResourcesResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  resources: z.array(ResourceSchema),\n});\nexport type ListResourcesResult = z.infer<typeof ListResourcesResultSchema>;\n\nconst ResourceContentsSchema = z\n  .object({\n    /**\n     * The URI of this resource.\n     */\n    uri: z.string(),\n    /**\n     * Optional display name of the resource content.\n     */\n    name: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * Optional human readable title.\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * The MIME type of this resource, if known.\n     */\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst TextResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  text: z.string(),\n});\nconst BlobResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  blob: z.base64(),\n});\nconst EmbeddedResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource'),\n    resource: z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const CallToolResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  content: z.array(\n    z.union([TextContentSchema, ImageContentSchema, EmbeddedResourceSchema]),\n  ),\n  /**\n   * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/tools#structured-content\n   */\n  structuredContent: z.optional(z.unknown()),\n  isError: z.boolean().default(false).optional(),\n}).or(\n  ResultSchema.extend({\n    toolResult: z.unknown(),\n  }),\n);\nexport type CallToolResult = z.infer<typeof CallToolResultSchema>;\n\nconst ResourceTemplateSchema = z\n  .object({\n    uriTemplate: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const ListResourceTemplatesResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  resourceTemplates: z.array(ResourceTemplateSchema),\n});\nexport type ListResourceTemplatesResult = z.infer<\n  typeof ListResourceTemplatesResultSchema\n>;\n\nexport const ReadResourceResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  contents: z.array(\n    z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  ),\n});\nexport type ReadResourceResult = z.infer<typeof ReadResourceResultSchema>;\n\n// Prompts\nconst PromptArgumentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    required: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const PromptSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    arguments: z.optional(z.array(PromptArgumentSchema)),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPPrompt = z.infer<typeof PromptSchema>;\n\nexport const ListPromptsResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  prompts: z.array(PromptSchema),\n});\nexport type ListPromptsResult = z.infer<typeof ListPromptsResultSchema>;\n\nconst PromptMessageSchema = z\n  .object({\n    role: z.union([z.literal('user'), z.literal('assistant')]),\n    content: z.union([\n      TextContentSchema,\n      ImageContentSchema,\n      EmbeddedResourceSchema,\n    ]),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPPromptMessage = z.infer<typeof PromptMessageSchema>;\n\nexport const GetPromptResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  description: z.optional(z.string()),\n  messages: z.array(PromptMessageSchema),\n});\nexport type GetPromptResult = z.infer<typeof GetPromptResultSchema>;\n\nconst ElicitationRequestParamsSchema = BaseParamsSchema.extend({\n  message: z.string(),\n  requestedSchema: z.unknown(),\n});\n\nexport const ElicitationRequestSchema = RequestSchema.extend({\n  method: z.literal('elicitation/create'),\n  params: ElicitationRequestParamsSchema,\n});\n\nexport type ElicitationRequest = z.infer<typeof ElicitationRequestSchema>;\n\nexport const ElicitResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  action: z.union([\n    z.literal('accept'),\n    z.literal('decline'),\n    z.literal('cancel'),\n  ]),\n  content: z.optional(z.record(z.string(), z.unknown())),\n});\n\nexport type ElicitResult = z.infer<typeof ElicitResultSchema>;\n","import { AISDKError } from '@ai-sdk/provider';\n\nconst name = 'AI_MCPClientError';\nconst marker = `vercel.ai.error.${name}`;\nconst symbol = Symbol.for(marker);\n\n/**\n * An error occurred with the MCP client.\n */\nexport class MCPClientError extends AISDKError {\n  private readonly [symbol] = true;\n  readonly data?: unknown;\n  readonly code?: number;\n\n  constructor({\n    name = 'MCPClientError',\n    message,\n    cause,\n    data,\n    code,\n  }: {\n    name?: string;\n    message: string;\n    cause?: unknown;\n    data?: unknown;\n    code?: number;\n  }) {\n    super({ name, message, cause });\n    this.data = data;\n    this.code = code;\n  }\n\n  static isInstance(error: unknown): error is MCPClientError {\n    return AISDKError.hasMarker(error, marker);\n  }\n}\n","import { ChildProcess, spawn } from 'node:child_process';\nimport { getEnvironment } from './get-environment';\nimport { StdioConfig } from './mcp-stdio-transport';\n\nexport function createChildProcess(\n  config: StdioConfig,\n  signal: AbortSignal,\n): ChildProcess {\n  return spawn(config.command, config.args ?? [], {\n    env: getEnvironment(config.env),\n    stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', config.stderr ?? 'inherit'],\n    shell: false,\n    signal,\n    windowsHide: globalThis.process.platform === 'win32' && isElectron(),\n    cwd: config.cwd,\n  });\n}\n\nfunction isElectron() {\n  return 'type' in globalThis.process;\n}\n","/**\n * Constructs the environment variables for the child process.\n *\n * @param customEnv - Custom environment variables to merge with default environment variables.\n * @returns The environment variables for the child process.\n */\nexport function getEnvironment(\n  customEnv?: Record<string, string>,\n): Record<string, string> {\n  const DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS =\n    globalThis.process.platform === 'win32'\n      ? [\n          'APPDATA',\n          'HOMEDRIVE',\n          'HOMEPATH',\n          'LOCALAPPDATA',\n          'PATH',\n          'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE',\n          'SYSTEMDRIVE',\n          'SYSTEMROOT',\n          'TEMP',\n          'USERNAME',\n          'USERPROFILE',\n        ]\n      : ['HOME', 'LOGNAME', 'PATH', 'SHELL', 'TERM', 'USER'];\n\n  const env: Record<string, string> = customEnv ? { ...customEnv } : {};\n\n  for (const key of DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS) {\n    const value = globalThis.process.env[key];\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    if (value.startsWith('()')) {\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    env[key] = value;\n  }\n\n  return env;\n}\n","import type { ChildProcess, IOType } from 'node:child_process';\nimport { Stream } from 'node:stream';\nimport { JSONRPCMessage, JSONRPCMessageSchema } from '../json-rpc-message';\nimport { MCPTransport } from '../mcp-transport';\nimport { MCPClientError } from '../../error/mcp-client-error';\nimport { createChildProcess } from './create-child-process';\n\nexport interface StdioConfig {\n  command: string;\n  args?: string[];\n  env?: Record<string, string>;\n  stderr?: IOType | Stream | number;\n  cwd?: string;\n}\n\nexport class StdioMCPTransport implements MCPTransport {\n  private process?: ChildProcess;\n  private abortController: AbortController = new AbortController();\n  private readBuffer: ReadBuffer = new ReadBuffer();\n  private serverParams: StdioConfig;\n\n  onclose?: () => void;\n  onerror?: (error: unknown) => void;\n  onmessage?: (message: JSONRPCMessage) => void;\n\n  constructor(server: StdioConfig) {\n    this.serverParams = server;\n  }\n\n  async start(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.process) {\n      throw new MCPClientError({\n        message: 'StdioMCPTransport already started.',\n      });\n    }\n\n    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n      try {\n        const process = createChildProcess(\n          this.serverParams,\n          this.abortController.signal,\n        );\n\n        this.process = process;\n\n        this.process.on('error', error => {\n          if (error.name === 'AbortError') {\n            this.onclose?.();\n            return;\n          }\n\n          reject(error);\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n\n        this.process.on('spawn', () => {\n          resolve();\n        });\n\n        this.process.on('close', _code => {\n          this.process = undefined;\n          this.onclose?.();\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdin?.on('error', error => {\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdout?.on('data', chunk => {\n          this.readBuffer.append(chunk);\n          this.processReadBuffer();\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdout?.on('error', error => {\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n      } catch (error) {\n        reject(error);\n        this.onerror?.(error);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  private processReadBuffer() {\n    while (true) {\n      try {\n        const message = this.readBuffer.readMessage();\n        if (message === null) {\n          break;\n        }\n\n        this.onmessage?.(message);\n      } catch (error) {\n        this.onerror?.(error as Error);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    this.abortController.abort();\n    this.process = undefined;\n    this.readBuffer.clear();\n  }\n\n  send(message: JSONRPCMessage): Promise<void> {\n    return new Promise(resolve => {\n      if (!this.process?.stdin) {\n        throw new MCPClientError({\n          message: 'StdioClientTransport not connected',\n        });\n      }\n\n      const json = serializeMessage(message);\n      if (this.process.stdin.write(json)) {\n        resolve();\n      } else {\n        this.process.stdin.once('drain', resolve);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n}\n\nclass ReadBuffer {\n  private buffer?: Buffer;\n\n  append(chunk: Buffer): void {\n    this.buffer = this.buffer ? Buffer.concat([this.buffer, chunk]) : chunk;\n  }\n\n  readMessage(): JSONRPCMessage | null {\n    if (!this.buffer) return null;\n\n    const index = this.buffer.indexOf('\\n');\n    if (index === -1) {\n      return null;\n    }\n\n    const line = this.buffer.toString('utf8', 0, index);\n    this.buffer = this.buffer.subarray(index + 1);\n    return deserializeMessage(line);\n  }\n\n  clear(): void {\n    this.buffer = undefined;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction serializeMessage(message: JSONRPCMessage): string {\n  return JSON.stringify(message) + '\\n';\n}\n\nexport function deserializeMessage(line: string): JSONRPCMessage {\n  return 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McpToolBase<INPUT, OUTPUT>\n          : TOOL_SCHEMAS[K] extends {\n                inputSchema: FlexibleSchema<infer INPUT>;\n              }\n            ? McpToolBase<INPUT, CallToolResult>\n            : never;\n      }\n    : Record<string, McpToolBase<unknown, CallToolResult>>;\n\nconst ClientOrServerImplementationSchema = z.looseObject({\n  name: z.string(),\n  version: z.string(),\n  title: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\n\n// Maps to `Implementation` in the MCP specification\nexport type Configuration = z.infer<typeof ClientOrServerImplementationSchema>;\n\nexport const BaseParamsSchema = z.looseObject({\n  _meta: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n});\ntype BaseParams = z.infer<typeof BaseParamsSchema>;\nexport const ResultSchema = BaseParamsSchema;\n\nexport const RequestSchema = z.object({\n  method: z.string(),\n  params: z.optional(BaseParamsSchema),\n});\nexport type Request = z.infer<typeof RequestSchema>;\nexport type RequestOptions = {\n  signal?: AbortSignal;\n  timeout?: number;\n  maxTotalTimeout?: number;\n};\n\nexport type Notification = z.infer<typeof RequestSchema>;\n\n/** @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/client/elicitation */\nconst ElicitationCapabilitySchema = z\n  .object({\n    applyDefaults: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nconst ServerCapabilitiesSchema = z.looseObject({\n  experimental: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  logging: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n  prompts: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  resources: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      subscribe: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  tools: z.optional(\n    z.looseObject({\n      listChanged: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n    }),\n  ),\n  elicitation: z.optional(ElicitationCapabilitySchema),\n});\n\nexport type ServerCapabilities = z.infer<typeof ServerCapabilitiesSchema>;\nexport const ClientCapabilitiesSchema = z\n  .object({\n    elicitation: z.optional(ElicitationCapabilitySchema),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport type ClientCapabilities = z.infer<typeof ClientCapabilitiesSchema>;\nexport type ElicitationCapability = z.infer<typeof ElicitationCapabilitySchema>;\n\nexport const InitializeResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  protocolVersion: z.string(),\n  capabilities: ServerCapabilitiesSchema,\n  serverInfo: ClientOrServerImplementationSchema,\n  instructions: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\nexport type InitializeResult = z.infer<typeof InitializeResultSchema>;\n\nexport type PaginatedRequest = Request & {\n  params?: BaseParams & {\n    cursor?: string;\n  };\n};\n\nconst PaginatedResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  nextCursor: z.optional(z.string()),\n});\n\nconst ToolSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    /**\n     * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-11-25/server/tools#tool\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    inputSchema: z\n      .object({\n        type: z.literal('object'),\n        properties: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n      })\n      .loose(),\n    /**\n     * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/tools#output-schema\n     */\n    outputSchema: z.optional(z.object({}).loose()),\n    annotations: z.optional(\n      z\n        .object({\n          title: z.optional(z.string()),\n        })\n        .loose(),\n    ),\n    _meta: ToolMetaSchema,\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPTool = z.infer<typeof ToolSchema>;\nexport const ListToolsResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  tools: z.array(ToolSchema),\n});\nexport type ListToolsResult = z.infer<typeof ListToolsResultSchema>;\n\nconst TextContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('text'),\n    text: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst ImageContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('image'),\n    data: z.base64(),\n    mimeType: z.string(),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport const ResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    uri: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n    size: z.optional(z.number()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPResource = z.infer<typeof ResourceSchema>;\n\nexport const ListResourcesResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  resources: z.array(ResourceSchema),\n});\nexport type ListResourcesResult = z.infer<typeof ListResourcesResultSchema>;\n\nconst ResourceContentsSchema = z\n  .object({\n    /**\n     * The URI of this resource.\n     */\n    uri: z.string(),\n    /**\n     * Optional display name of the resource content.\n     */\n    name: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * Optional human readable title.\n     */\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    /**\n     * The MIME type of this resource, if known.\n     */\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst TextResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  text: z.string(),\n});\nconst BlobResourceContentsSchema = ResourceContentsSchema.extend({\n  blob: z.base64(),\n});\nconst EmbeddedResourceSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource'),\n    resource: z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  })\n  .loose();\nconst ResourceLinkContentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    type: z.literal('resource_link'),\n    uri: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const CallToolResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  content: z.array(\n    z.union([\n      TextContentSchema,\n      ImageContentSchema,\n      EmbeddedResourceSchema,\n      ResourceLinkContentSchema,\n    ]),\n  ),\n  /**\n   * @see https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/2025-06-18/server/tools#structured-content\n   */\n  structuredContent: z.optional(z.unknown()),\n  isError: z.boolean().default(false).optional(),\n}).or(\n  ResultSchema.extend({\n    toolResult: z.unknown(),\n  }),\n);\nexport type CallToolResult = z.infer<typeof CallToolResultSchema>;\n\nconst ResourceTemplateSchema = z\n  .object({\n    uriTemplate: z.string(),\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    mimeType: z.optional(z.string()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const ListResourceTemplatesResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  resourceTemplates: z.array(ResourceTemplateSchema),\n});\nexport type ListResourceTemplatesResult = z.infer<\n  typeof ListResourceTemplatesResultSchema\n>;\n\nexport const ReadResourceResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  contents: z.array(\n    z.union([TextResourceContentsSchema, BlobResourceContentsSchema]),\n  ),\n});\nexport type ReadResourceResult = z.infer<typeof ReadResourceResultSchema>;\n\n// Prompts\nconst PromptArgumentSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    required: z.optional(z.boolean()),\n  })\n  .loose();\n\nexport const PromptSchema = z\n  .object({\n    name: z.string(),\n    title: z.optional(z.string()),\n    description: z.optional(z.string()),\n    arguments: z.optional(z.array(PromptArgumentSchema)),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPPrompt = z.infer<typeof PromptSchema>;\n\nexport const ListPromptsResultSchema = PaginatedResultSchema.extend({\n  prompts: z.array(PromptSchema),\n});\nexport type ListPromptsResult = z.infer<typeof ListPromptsResultSchema>;\n\nconst PromptMessageSchema = z\n  .object({\n    role: z.union([z.literal('user'), z.literal('assistant')]),\n    content: z.union([\n      TextContentSchema,\n      ImageContentSchema,\n      EmbeddedResourceSchema,\n      ResourceLinkContentSchema,\n    ]),\n  })\n  .loose();\nexport type MCPPromptMessage = z.infer<typeof PromptMessageSchema>;\n\nexport const GetPromptResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  description: z.optional(z.string()),\n  messages: z.array(PromptMessageSchema),\n});\nexport type GetPromptResult = z.infer<typeof GetPromptResultSchema>;\n\nconst ElicitationRequestParamsSchema = BaseParamsSchema.extend({\n  message: z.string(),\n  requestedSchema: z.unknown(),\n});\n\nexport const ElicitationRequestSchema = RequestSchema.extend({\n  method: z.literal('elicitation/create'),\n  params: ElicitationRequestParamsSchema,\n});\n\nexport type ElicitationRequest = z.infer<typeof ElicitationRequestSchema>;\n\nexport const ElicitResultSchema = ResultSchema.extend({\n  action: z.union([\n    z.literal('accept'),\n    z.literal('decline'),\n    z.literal('cancel'),\n  ]),\n  content: z.optional(z.record(z.string(), z.unknown())),\n});\n\nexport type ElicitResult = z.infer<typeof ElicitResultSchema>;\n","import { AISDKError } from '@ai-sdk/provider';\n\nconst name = 'AI_MCPClientError';\nconst marker = `vercel.ai.error.${name}`;\nconst symbol = Symbol.for(marker);\n\n/**\n * An error occurred with the MCP client.\n */\nexport class MCPClientError extends AISDKError {\n  private readonly [symbol] = true;\n  readonly data?: unknown;\n\n  /**\n   * JSON-RPC error code from the server response, per the JSON-RPC 2.0\n   * spec (e.g. `-32601` method-not-found, `-32602` invalid-params, or\n   * MCP-specific codes such as `-32002` resource-not-found). This is the\n   * application-level error code populated from `error.code` in the\n   * server's JSON-RPC error payload. Distinct from `statusCode`, which\n   * is the HTTP transport status.\n   */\n  readonly code?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * HTTP status code from the failed response, when the error originated\n   * from the streamable HTTP transport. Undefined for stdio transport\n   * errors and for failures that do not have an associated response\n   * status (e.g. network errors, abort). Distinct from `code`, which is\n   * the JSON-RPC application error code.\n   */\n  readonly statusCode?: number;\n\n  /**\n   * URL of the MCP endpoint the failing request was sent to, when the\n   * error originated from an HTTP transport failure.\n   */\n  readonly url?: string;\n\n  /**\n   * Body of the failing HTTP response, decoded as text, when available.\n   * Undefined when the body could not be read or the error did not have\n   * an associated response.\n   */\n  readonly responseBody?: string;\n\n  constructor({\n    name = 'MCPClientError',\n    message,\n    cause,\n    data,\n    code,\n    statusCode,\n    url,\n    responseBody,\n  }: {\n    name?: string;\n    message: string;\n    cause?: unknown;\n    data?: unknown;\n    code?: number;\n    statusCode?: number;\n    url?: string;\n    responseBody?: string;\n  }) {\n    super({ name, message, cause });\n    this.data = data;\n    this.code = code;\n    this.statusCode = statusCode;\n    this.url = url;\n    this.responseBody = responseBody;\n  }\n\n  static isInstance(error: unknown): error is MCPClientError {\n    return AISDKError.hasMarker(error, marker);\n  }\n}\n","import { spawn, type ChildProcess } from 'node:child_process';\nimport { getEnvironment } from './get-environment';\nimport type { StdioConfig } from './mcp-stdio-transport';\n\nexport function createChildProcess(\n  config: StdioConfig,\n  signal: AbortSignal,\n): ChildProcess {\n  return spawn(config.command, config.args ?? [], {\n    env: getEnvironment(config.env),\n    stdio: ['pipe', 'pipe', config.stderr ?? 'inherit'],\n    shell: false,\n    signal,\n    windowsHide: globalThis.process.platform === 'win32' && isElectron(),\n    cwd: config.cwd,\n  });\n}\n\nfunction isElectron() {\n  return 'type' in globalThis.process;\n}\n","/**\n * Constructs the environment variables for the child process.\n *\n * @param customEnv - Custom environment variables to merge with default environment variables.\n * @returns The environment variables for the child process.\n */\nexport function getEnvironment(\n  customEnv?: Record<string, string>,\n): Record<string, string> {\n  const DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS =\n    globalThis.process.platform === 'win32'\n      ? [\n          'APPDATA',\n          'HOMEDRIVE',\n          'HOMEPATH',\n          'LOCALAPPDATA',\n          'PATH',\n          'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE',\n          'SYSTEMDRIVE',\n          'SYSTEMROOT',\n          'TEMP',\n          'USERNAME',\n          'USERPROFILE',\n        ]\n      : ['HOME', 'LOGNAME', 'PATH', 'SHELL', 'TERM', 'USER'];\n\n  const env: Record<string, string> = customEnv ? { ...customEnv } : {};\n\n  for (const key of DEFAULT_INHERITED_ENV_VARS) {\n    const value = globalThis.process.env[key];\n    if (value === undefined) {\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    if (value.startsWith('()')) {\n      continue;\n    }\n\n    env[key] = value;\n  }\n\n  return env;\n}\n","import type { ChildProcess, IOType } from 'node:child_process';\nimport type { Stream } from 'node:stream';\nimport { parseJSONRPCMessage, type JSONRPCMessage } from '../json-rpc-message';\nimport type { MCPTransport } from '../mcp-transport';\nimport { MCPClientError } from '../../error/mcp-client-error';\nimport { createChildProcess } from './create-child-process';\n\nexport interface StdioConfig {\n  command: string;\n  args?: string[];\n  env?: Record<string, string>;\n  stderr?: IOType | Stream | number;\n  cwd?: string;\n}\n\nexport class StdioMCPTransport implements MCPTransport {\n  private process?: ChildProcess;\n  private abortController: AbortController = new AbortController();\n  private readBuffer: ReadBuffer = new ReadBuffer();\n  private serverParams: StdioConfig;\n\n  onclose?: () => void;\n  onerror?: (error: unknown) => void;\n  onmessage?: (message: JSONRPCMessage) => void;\n\n  constructor(server: StdioConfig) {\n    this.serverParams = server;\n  }\n\n  async start(): Promise<void> {\n    if (this.process) {\n      throw new MCPClientError({\n        message: 'StdioMCPTransport already started.',\n      });\n    }\n\n    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n      try {\n        const process = createChildProcess(\n          this.serverParams,\n          this.abortController.signal,\n        );\n\n        this.process = process;\n\n        this.process.on('error', error => {\n          if (error.name === 'AbortError') {\n            this.onclose?.();\n            return;\n          }\n\n          reject(error);\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n\n        this.process.on('spawn', () => {\n          resolve();\n        });\n\n        this.process.on('close', _code => {\n          this.process = undefined;\n          this.onclose?.();\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdin?.on('error', error => {\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdout?.on('data', chunk => {\n          this.readBuffer.append(chunk);\n          void this.processReadBuffer();\n        });\n\n        this.process.stdout?.on('error', error => {\n          this.onerror?.(error);\n        });\n      } catch (error) {\n        reject(error);\n        this.onerror?.(error);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n\n  private async processReadBuffer() {\n    while (true) {\n      const line = this.readBuffer.readLine();\n      if (line === null) {\n        break;\n      }\n\n      try {\n        const message = await deserializeMessage(line);\n        this.onmessage?.(message);\n      } catch (error) {\n        this.onerror?.(error as Error);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  async close(): Promise<void> {\n    this.abortController.abort();\n    this.process = undefined;\n    this.readBuffer.clear();\n  }\n\n  send(message: JSONRPCMessage): Promise<void> {\n    return new Promise(resolve => {\n      if (!this.process?.stdin) {\n        throw new MCPClientError({\n          message: 'StdioClientTransport not connected',\n        });\n      }\n\n      const json = serializeMessage(message);\n      if (this.process.stdin.write(json)) {\n        resolve();\n      } else {\n        this.process.stdin.once('drain', resolve);\n      }\n    });\n  }\n}\n\nclass ReadBuffer {\n  private buffer?: Buffer;\n\n  append(chunk: Buffer): void {\n    this.buffer = this.buffer ? Buffer.concat([this.buffer, chunk]) : chunk;\n  }\n\n  readLine(): string | null {\n    if (!this.buffer) return null;\n\n    const index = this.buffer.indexOf('\\n');\n    if (index === -1) {\n      return null;\n    }\n\n    const line = this.buffer.toString('utf8', 0, index);\n    this.buffer = this.buffer.subarray(index + 1);\n    return line;\n  }\n\n  clear(): void {\n    this.buffer = undefined;\n  }\n}\n\nfunction serializeMessage(message: JSONRPCMessage): string {\n  return JSON.stringify(message) + '\\n';\n}\n\nexport async function deserializeMessage(\n  line: string,\n): Promise<JSONRPCMessage> {\n  return 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package/package.json

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 {
   "name": "@ai-sdk/mcp",
-  "version": "2.0.0-beta.5",
+  "version": "2.0.0-beta.66",
+  "type": "module",
   "license": "Apache-2.0",
   "sideEffects": false,
   "main": "./dist/index.js",
-  "module": "./dist/index.mjs",
   "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
   "files": [
     "dist/**/*",
@@ -21,43 +21,44 @@
     "./package.json": "./package.json",
     ".": {
       "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
-      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
-      "require": "./dist/index.js"
+      "import": "./dist/index.js",
+      "default": "./dist/index.js"
     },
     "./mcp-stdio": {
       "types": "./dist/mcp-stdio/index.d.ts",
-      "import": "./dist/mcp-stdio/index.mjs",
-      "module": "./dist/mcp-stdio/index.mjs",
-      "require": "./dist/mcp-stdio/index.js"
+      "import": "./dist/mcp-stdio/index.js",
+      "default": "./dist/mcp-stdio/index.js"
     }
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "pkce-challenge": "^5.0.0",
-    "@ai-sdk/provider": "4.0.0-beta.2",
-    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "5.0.0-beta.3"
+    "pkce-challenge": "^5.0.1",
+    "@ai-sdk/provider": "4.0.0-beta.19",
+    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "5.0.0-beta.49"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@types/node": "20.17.24",
-    "tsup": "^8",
+    "@types/node": "22.19.19",
+    "tsup": "^8.5.1",
     "typescript": "5.8.3",
-    "vitest": "^4.1.0",
+    "vitest": "^4.1.6",
     "zod": "3.25.76",
-    "@ai-sdk/test-server": "2.0.0-beta.0",
+    "@ai-sdk/test-server": "2.0.0-beta.7",
     "@vercel/ai-tsconfig": "0.0.0"
   },
   "peerDependencies": {
     "zod": "^3.25.76 || ^4.1.8"
   },
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=18"
+    "node": ">=22"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
-    "access": "public"
+    "access": "public",
+    "provenance": true
   },
   "homepage": "https://ai-sdk.dev/docs",
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
-    "url": "git+https://github.com/vercel/ai.git"
+    "url": "https://github.com/vercel/ai",
+    "directory": "packages/mcp"
   },
   "bugs": {
     "url": "https://github.com/vercel/ai/issues"
@@ -70,9 +71,7 @@
     "build": "pnpm clean && tsup --tsconfig tsconfig.build.json",
     "build:watch": "pnpm clean && tsup --watch",
     "clean": "rm -rf dist *.tsbuildinfo",
-    "lint": "eslint \"./**/*.ts*\"",
     "type-check": "tsc --build",
-    "prettier-check": "prettier --check \"./**/*.ts*\"",
     "test": "pnpm test:node && pnpm test:edge",
     "test:update": "pnpm test:node -u",
     "test:watch": "vitest --config vitest.node.config.js",

package/src/error/mcp-client-error.ts

@@ -10,24 +10,64 @@ const symbol = Symbol.for(marker);
 export class MCPClientError extends AISDKError {
   private readonly [symbol] = true;
   readonly data?: unknown;
+
+  /**
+   * JSON-RPC error code from the server response, per the JSON-RPC 2.0
+   * spec (e.g. `-32601` method-not-found, `-32602` invalid-params, or
+   * MCP-specific codes such as `-32002` resource-not-found). This is the
+   * application-level error code populated from `error.code` in the
+   * server's JSON-RPC error payload. Distinct from `statusCode`, which
+   * is the HTTP transport status.
+   */
   readonly code?: number;
 
+  /**
+   * HTTP status code from the failed response, when the error originated
+   * from the streamable HTTP transport. Undefined for stdio transport
+   * errors and for failures that do not have an associated response
+   * status (e.g. network errors, abort). Distinct from `code`, which is
+   * the JSON-RPC application error code.
+   */
+  readonly statusCode?: number;
+
+  /**
+   * URL of the MCP endpoint the failing request was sent to, when the
+   * error originated from an HTTP transport failure.
+   */
+  readonly url?: string;
+
+  /**
+   * Body of the failing HTTP response, decoded as text, when available.
+   * Undefined when the body could not be read or the error did not have
+   * an associated response.
+   */
+  readonly responseBody?: string;
+
   constructor({
     name = 'MCPClientError',
     message,
     cause,
     data,
     code,
+    statusCode,
+    url,
+    responseBody,
   }: {
     name?: string;
     message: string;
     cause?: unknown;
     data?: unknown;
     code?: number;
+    statusCode?: number;
+    url?: string;
+    responseBody?: string;
   }) {
     super({ name, message, cause });
     this.data = data;
     this.code = code;
+    this.statusCode = statusCode;
+    this.url = url;
+    this.responseBody = responseBody;
   }
 
   static isInstance(error: unknown): error is MCPClientError {

package/src/index.ts

@@ -12,15 +12,30 @@ export {
   type MCPClientConfig,
   type MCPClient,
 } from './tool/mcp-client';
+export {
+  MCP_APP_MIME_TYPE,
+  mcpAppClientCapabilities,
+  readMCPAppResource,
+  splitMCPAppTools,
+  type MCPAppResource,
+  type MCPAppResourceCSP,
+  type MCPAppResourceMeta,
+} from './tool/mcp-apps';
 export { ElicitationRequestSchema, ElicitResultSchema } from './tool/types';
 export type {
+  CallToolResult,
+  Configuration,
   ElicitationRequest,
   ElicitResult,
   ListToolsResult,
+  McpProviderMetadata,
   ClientCapabilities as MCPClientCapabilities,
 } from './tool/types';
 export { auth, UnauthorizedError } from './tool/oauth';
-export type { OAuthClientProvider } from './tool/oauth';
+export type {
+  OAuthAuthorizationServerInformation,
+  OAuthClientProvider,
+} from './tool/oauth';
 export type {
   OAuthClientInformation,
   OAuthClientMetadata,

package/src/tool/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export * from './json-rpc-message';
 export * from './mcp-client';
+export * from './mcp-apps';
 export * from './oauth';
 export * from './oauth-types';
 export * from './mcp-transport';

package/src/tool/json-rpc-message.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { parseJSON } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
 import { z } from 'zod/v4';
 import { BaseParamsSchema, RequestSchema, ResultSchema } from './types';
 
@@ -59,3 +60,9 @@ export const JSONRPCMessageSchema = z.union([
 ]);
 
 export type JSONRPCMessage = z.infer<typeof JSONRPCMessageSchema>;
+
+export async function parseJSONRPCMessage(
+  text: string,
+): Promise<JSONRPCMessage> {
+  return JSONRPCMessageSchema.parse(await parseJSON({ text }));
+}

package/src/tool/mcp-apps.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+import { isJSONObject, type JSONObject } from '@ai-sdk/provider';
+import { convertBase64ToUint8Array } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
+import type { MCPClient } from './mcp-client';
+import type {
+  ClientCapabilities,
+  ListToolsResult,
+  ReadResourceResult,
+  RequestOptions,
+  ToolMeta,
+} from './types';
+
+/**
+ * MCP capability extension name used by hosts that can render MCP Apps.
+ */
+export const MCP_APP_EXTENSION_NAME = 'io.modelcontextprotocol/ui' as const;
+
+/**
+ * MIME type for HTML resources that are meant to be rendered as MCP Apps.
+ */
+export const MCP_APP_MIME_TYPE = 'text/html;profile=mcp-app' as const;
+
+/**
+ * Deprecated flat metadata key for app resource URIs.
+ * Hosts still check it for compatibility with older MCP Apps servers.
+ */
+export const MCP_APP_LEGACY_RESOURCE_URI_META_KEY = 'ui/resourceUri' as const;
+
+/**
+ * Client capabilities to pass to `createMCPClient` when the host supports MCP Apps.
+ */
+export const mcpAppClientCapabilities = {
+  extensions: {
+    [MCP_APP_EXTENSION_NAME]: {
+      mimeTypes: [MCP_APP_MIME_TYPE],
+    },
+  },
+} as const satisfies ClientCapabilities;
+
+export type MCPAppToolVisibility = 'model' | 'app';
+
+/**
+ * Normalized `_meta.ui` metadata from an MCP tool definition.
+ */
+export type MCPAppToolMeta = {
+  resourceUri?: string;
+  visibility?: MCPAppToolVisibility[];
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Content security policy metadata requested by an MCP App resource.
+ */
+export type MCPAppResourceCSP = {
+  connectDomains?: string[];
+  resourceDomains?: string[];
+  frameDomains?: string[];
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Host rendering metadata from an MCP App resource.
+ */
+export type MCPAppResourceMeta = {
+  prefersBorder?: boolean;
+  csp?: MCPAppResourceCSP;
+  permissions?: Record<string, unknown>;
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+};
+
+/**
+ * HTML and metadata needed by a host to render an MCP App.
+ */
+export type MCPAppResource = {
+  uri: string;
+  mimeType: typeof MCP_APP_MIME_TYPE;
+  html: string;
+  meta?: MCPAppResourceMeta;
+};
+
+type MCPAppToolLike = {
+  _meta?: ToolMeta;
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+};
+
+function getToolUiMeta(meta?: ToolMeta): JSONObject | undefined {
+  const uiMeta = meta?.ui;
+  return isJSONObject(uiMeta) ? uiMeta : undefined;
+}
+
+function getResourceUiMeta(meta: unknown): MCPAppResourceMeta | undefined {
+  const resourceMeta = isJSONObject(meta) ? meta : undefined;
+  const rawUiMeta = resourceMeta?.ui;
+  const uiMeta = isJSONObject(rawUiMeta) ? rawUiMeta : undefined;
+
+  return uiMeta as MCPAppResourceMeta | undefined;
+}
+
+function parseVisibility(value: unknown): MCPAppToolVisibility[] | undefined {
+  return Array.isArray(value)
+    ? value.filter(
+        (v): v is MCPAppToolVisibility => v === 'model' || v === 'app',
+      )
+    : undefined;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads and validates MCP Apps metadata from a tool definition.
+ */
+export function getMCPAppToolMeta(
+  tool: MCPAppToolLike,
+): MCPAppToolMeta | undefined {
+  const uiMeta = getToolUiMeta(tool._meta);
+  const resourceUri =
+    uiMeta?.resourceUri ?? tool._meta?.[MCP_APP_LEGACY_RESOURCE_URI_META_KEY];
+  const visibility = parseVisibility(uiMeta?.visibility);
+
+  if (resourceUri !== undefined) {
+    if (typeof resourceUri !== 'string' || !resourceUri.startsWith('ui://')) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Invalid MCP App resource URI: ${JSON.stringify(resourceUri)}`,
+      );
+    }
+  } else if (uiMeta == null) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+
+  return {
+    ...uiMeta,
+    ...(resourceUri != null ? { resourceUri } : {}),
+    ...(visibility != null ? { visibility } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the `ui://` app resource URI attached to a tool, if present.
+ */
+export function getMCPAppResourceUri(tool: MCPAppToolLike): string | undefined {
+  return getMCPAppToolMeta(tool)?.resourceUri;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Checks whether a tool has an MCP App resource attached.
+ */
+export function isMCPAppTool(tool: MCPAppToolLike): boolean {
+  return getMCPAppResourceUri(tool) != null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Splits tool definitions into model-visible tools and app-visible tools.
+ */
+export function splitMCPAppTools(definitions: ListToolsResult): {
+  modelVisible: ListToolsResult;
+  appVisible: ListToolsResult;
+} {
+  const modelVisibleTools = [];
+  const appVisibleTools = [];
+
+  for (const tool of definitions.tools) {
+    const visibility = getMCPAppToolMeta(tool)?.visibility;
+
+    // Tools without app visibility metadata remain model-visible.
+    if (visibility == null || visibility.includes('model')) {
+      modelVisibleTools.push(tool);
+    }
+
+    if (visibility?.includes('app') === true) {
+      appVisibleTools.push(tool);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    modelVisible: {
+      ...definitions,
+      tools: modelVisibleTools,
+    },
+    appVisible: {
+      ...definitions,
+      tools: appVisibleTools,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the unique MCP App resource URIs referenced by tool definitions.
+ */
+export function getMCPAppResourceUris(definitions: ListToolsResult): string[] {
+  return [
+    ...new Set(
+      definitions.tools
+        .map(tool => getMCPAppResourceUri(tool))
+        .filter((uri): uri is string => uri != null),
+    ),
+  ];
+}
+
+/**
+ * Extracts app HTML and rendering metadata from a `resources/read` result.
+ */
+export function getMCPAppResourceFromReadResult({
+  uri,
+  resource,
+}: {
+  uri: string;
+  resource: ReadResourceResult;
+}): MCPAppResource {
+  const content = resource.contents.find(content => content.uri === uri);
+
+  if (content == null) {
+    throw new Error(`MCP App resource not found in read result: ${uri}`);
+  }
+
+  if (content.mimeType !== MCP_APP_MIME_TYPE) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `Unsupported MCP App resource MIME type: ${content.mimeType}`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  const html =
+    'text' in content && typeof content.text === 'string'
+      ? content.text
+      : 'blob' in content && typeof content.blob === 'string'
+        ? new TextDecoder().decode(convertBase64ToUint8Array(content.blob))
+        : undefined;
+
+  if (html == null) {
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported MCP App resource content format: ${uri}`);
+  }
+
+  const meta = getResourceUiMeta(content._meta);
+
+  return { uri, mimeType: MCP_APP_MIME_TYPE, html, meta };
+}
+
+/**
+ * Reads a `ui://` resource from an MCP server and normalizes it for rendering.
+ */
+export async function readMCPAppResource({
+  client,
+  uri,
+  options,
+}: {
+  client: Pick<MCPClient, 'readResource'>;
+  uri: string;
+  options?: RequestOptions;
+}): Promise<MCPAppResource> {
+  if (!uri.startsWith('ui://')) {
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported MCP App resource URI: ${uri}`);
+  }
+
+  return getMCPAppResourceFromReadResult({
+    uri,
+    resource: await client.readResource({ uri, options }),
+  });
+}