@ai-sdk/gateway 1.0.0-beta.1 → 1.0.0-beta.3

package/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,23 @@
 # @ai-sdk/gateway
 
+## 1.0.0-beta.3
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- f3639fa: feat (providers/gateway): improve oidc api key client auth flow
+- d454e4b: fix (providers/gateway): fix timestamp error when streaming objects
+
+## 1.0.0-beta.2
+
+### Patch Changes
+
+- c91586a: chore (providers/gateway): update language model ids
+- d1a034f: feature: using Zod 4 for internal stuff
+- Updated dependencies [0571b98]
+- Updated dependencies [39a4fab]
+- Updated dependencies [d1a034f]
+  - @ai-sdk/provider-utils@3.0.0-beta.2
+
 ## 1.0.0-beta.1
 
 ### Patch Changes

package/dist/index.d.mts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { LanguageModelV2, ProviderV2 } from '@ai-sdk/provider';
 import { FetchFunction } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
-import { z, ZodError } from 'zod';
+import { z, ZodError } from 'zod/v4';
 
-type GatewayModelId = 'alibaba/qwen-3-14b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-235b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-30b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-32b' | 'alibaba/qwq-32b' | 'amazon/nova-lite' | 'amazon/nova-micro' | 'amazon/nova-pro' | 'anthropic/claude-3-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-3-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-4-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-4-sonnet' | 'cohere/command-a' | 'cohere/command-r' | 'cohere/command-r-plus' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b' | 'deepseek/deepseek-v3' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite' | 'google/gemini-2.5-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.5-pro' | 'google/gemma-2-9b' | 'inception/mercury-coder-small' | 'meta/llama-3-70b' | 'meta/llama-3-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-70b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-11b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-1b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-3b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-90b' | 'meta/llama-3.3-70b' | 'meta/llama-4-maverick' | 'meta/llama-4-scout' | 'mistral/codestral' | 'mistral/magistral-medium' | 'mistral/magistral-small' | 'mistral/ministral-3b' | 'mistral/ministral-8b' | 'mistral/mistral-large' | 'mistral/mistral-saba-24b' | 'mistral/mistral-small' | 'mistral/mixtral-8x22b-instruct' | 'mistral/pixtral-12b' | 'mistral/pixtral-large' | 'morph/morph-v2' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct' | 'openai/gpt-4-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-4.1' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-mini' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-nano' | 'openai/gpt-4o' | 'openai/gpt-4o-mini' | 'openai/o1' | 'openai/o3' | 'openai/o3-mini' | 'openai/o4-mini' | 'perplexity/sonar' | 'perplexity/sonar-pro' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning-pro' | 'xai/grok-2' | 'xai/grok-2-vision' | 'xai/grok-3' | 'xai/grok-3-fast' | 'xai/grok-3-mini' | 'xai/grok-3-mini-fast' | (string & {});
+type GatewayModelId = 'alibaba/qwen-3-14b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-235b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-30b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-32b' | 'alibaba/qwq-32b' | 'amazon/nova-lite' | 'amazon/nova-micro' | 'amazon/nova-pro' | 'anthropic/claude-3-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-4-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-4-sonnet' | 'cohere/command-a' | 'cohere/command-r' | 'cohere/command-r-plus' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b' | 'deepseek/deepseek-v3' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite' | 'google/gemini-2.5-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.5-pro' | 'google/gemma-2-9b' | 'inception/mercury-coder-small' | 'meta/llama-3-70b' | 'meta/llama-3-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-70b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-11b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-1b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-3b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-90b' | 'meta/llama-3.3-70b' | 'meta/llama-4-maverick' | 'meta/llama-4-scout' | 'mistral/codestral' | 'mistral/magistral-medium' | 'mistral/magistral-small' | 'mistral/ministral-3b' | 'mistral/ministral-8b' | 'mistral/mistral-large' | 'mistral/mistral-saba-24b' | 'mistral/mistral-small' | 'mistral/mixtral-8x22b-instruct' | 'mistral/pixtral-12b' | 'mistral/pixtral-large' | 'morph/morph-v2' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct' | 'openai/gpt-4-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-4.1' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-mini' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-nano' | 'openai/gpt-4o' | 'openai/gpt-4o-mini' | 'openai/o1' | 'openai/o3' | 'openai/o3-mini' | 'openai/o4-mini' | 'perplexity/sonar' | 'perplexity/sonar-pro' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning-pro' | 'xai/grok-2' | 'xai/grok-2-vision' | 'xai/grok-3' | 'xai/grok-3-fast' | 'xai/grok-3-mini' | 'xai/grok-3-mini-fast' | (string & {});
 
 interface GatewayLanguageModelEntry {
     /**
@@ -91,33 +91,9 @@ declare const gatewayErrorResponseSchema: z.ZodObject<{
         message: z.ZodString;
         type: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodString>>;
         param: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodUnknown>>;
-        code: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodUnion<[z.ZodString, z.ZodNumber]>>>;
-    }, "strip", z.ZodTypeAny, {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    }, {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    }>;
-}, "strip", z.ZodTypeAny, {
-    error: {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    };
-}, {
-    error: {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    };
-}>;
+        code: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodUnion<readonly [z.ZodString, z.ZodNumber]>>>;
+    }, z.core.$strip>;
+}, z.core.$strip>;
 type GatewayErrorResponse = z.infer<typeof gatewayErrorResponseSchema>;
 
 declare const symbol$5: unique symbol;
@@ -134,6 +110,16 @@ declare class GatewayAuthenticationError extends GatewayError {
         cause?: unknown;
     });
     static isInstance(error: unknown): error is GatewayAuthenticationError;
+    /**
+     * Creates a contextual error message when authentication fails
+     */
+    static createContextualError({ apiKeyProvided, oidcTokenProvided, message, statusCode, cause, }: {
+        apiKeyProvided: boolean;
+        oidcTokenProvided: boolean;
+        message?: string;
+        statusCode?: number;
+        cause?: unknown;
+    }): GatewayAuthenticationError;
 }
 
 declare const symbol$4: unique symbol;

package/dist/index.d.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { LanguageModelV2, ProviderV2 } from '@ai-sdk/provider';
 import { FetchFunction } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils';
-import { z, ZodError } from 'zod';
+import { z, ZodError } from 'zod/v4';
 
-type GatewayModelId = 'alibaba/qwen-3-14b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-235b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-30b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-32b' | 'alibaba/qwq-32b' | 'amazon/nova-lite' | 'amazon/nova-micro' | 'amazon/nova-pro' | 'anthropic/claude-3-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-3-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-4-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-4-sonnet' | 'cohere/command-a' | 'cohere/command-r' | 'cohere/command-r-plus' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b' | 'deepseek/deepseek-v3' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite' | 'google/gemini-2.5-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.5-pro' | 'google/gemma-2-9b' | 'inception/mercury-coder-small' | 'meta/llama-3-70b' | 'meta/llama-3-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-70b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-11b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-1b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-3b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-90b' | 'meta/llama-3.3-70b' | 'meta/llama-4-maverick' | 'meta/llama-4-scout' | 'mistral/codestral' | 'mistral/magistral-medium' | 'mistral/magistral-small' | 'mistral/ministral-3b' | 'mistral/ministral-8b' | 'mistral/mistral-large' | 'mistral/mistral-saba-24b' | 'mistral/mistral-small' | 'mistral/mixtral-8x22b-instruct' | 'mistral/pixtral-12b' | 'mistral/pixtral-large' | 'morph/morph-v2' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct' | 'openai/gpt-4-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-4.1' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-mini' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-nano' | 'openai/gpt-4o' | 'openai/gpt-4o-mini' | 'openai/o1' | 'openai/o3' | 'openai/o3-mini' | 'openai/o4-mini' | 'perplexity/sonar' | 'perplexity/sonar-pro' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning-pro' | 'xai/grok-2' | 'xai/grok-2-vision' | 'xai/grok-3' | 'xai/grok-3-fast' | 'xai/grok-3-mini' | 'xai/grok-3-mini-fast' | (string & {});
+type GatewayModelId = 'alibaba/qwen-3-14b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-235b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-30b' | 'alibaba/qwen-3-32b' | 'alibaba/qwq-32b' | 'amazon/nova-lite' | 'amazon/nova-micro' | 'amazon/nova-pro' | 'anthropic/claude-3-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-haiku' | 'anthropic/claude-3.5-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-3.7-sonnet' | 'anthropic/claude-4-opus' | 'anthropic/claude-4-sonnet' | 'cohere/command-a' | 'cohere/command-r' | 'cohere/command-r-plus' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1' | 'deepseek/deepseek-r1-distill-llama-70b' | 'deepseek/deepseek-v3' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.0-flash-lite' | 'google/gemini-2.5-flash' | 'google/gemini-2.5-pro' | 'google/gemma-2-9b' | 'inception/mercury-coder-small' | 'meta/llama-3-70b' | 'meta/llama-3-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-70b' | 'meta/llama-3.1-8b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-11b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-1b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-3b' | 'meta/llama-3.2-90b' | 'meta/llama-3.3-70b' | 'meta/llama-4-maverick' | 'meta/llama-4-scout' | 'mistral/codestral' | 'mistral/magistral-medium' | 'mistral/magistral-small' | 'mistral/ministral-3b' | 'mistral/ministral-8b' | 'mistral/mistral-large' | 'mistral/mistral-saba-24b' | 'mistral/mistral-small' | 'mistral/mixtral-8x22b-instruct' | 'mistral/pixtral-12b' | 'mistral/pixtral-large' | 'morph/morph-v2' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-3.5-turbo-instruct' | 'openai/gpt-4-turbo' | 'openai/gpt-4.1' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-mini' | 'openai/gpt-4.1-nano' | 'openai/gpt-4o' | 'openai/gpt-4o-mini' | 'openai/o1' | 'openai/o3' | 'openai/o3-mini' | 'openai/o4-mini' | 'perplexity/sonar' | 'perplexity/sonar-pro' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning' | 'perplexity/sonar-reasoning-pro' | 'xai/grok-2' | 'xai/grok-2-vision' | 'xai/grok-3' | 'xai/grok-3-fast' | 'xai/grok-3-mini' | 'xai/grok-3-mini-fast' | (string & {});
 
 interface GatewayLanguageModelEntry {
     /**
@@ -91,33 +91,9 @@ declare const gatewayErrorResponseSchema: z.ZodObject<{
         message: z.ZodString;
         type: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodString>>;
         param: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodUnknown>>;
-        code: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodUnion<[z.ZodString, z.ZodNumber]>>>;
-    }, "strip", z.ZodTypeAny, {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    }, {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    }>;
-}, "strip", z.ZodTypeAny, {
-    error: {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    };
-}, {
-    error: {
-        message: string;
-        code?: string | number | null | undefined;
-        type?: string | null | undefined;
-        param?: unknown;
-    };
-}>;
+        code: z.ZodOptional<z.ZodNullable<z.ZodUnion<readonly [z.ZodString, z.ZodNumber]>>>;
+    }, z.core.$strip>;
+}, z.core.$strip>;
 type GatewayErrorResponse = z.infer<typeof gatewayErrorResponseSchema>;
 
 declare const symbol$5: unique symbol;
@@ -134,6 +110,16 @@ declare class GatewayAuthenticationError extends GatewayError {
         cause?: unknown;
     });
     static isInstance(error: unknown): error is GatewayAuthenticationError;
+    /**
+     * Creates a contextual error message when authentication fails
+     */
+    static createContextualError({ apiKeyProvided, oidcTokenProvided, message, statusCode, cause, }: {
+        apiKeyProvided: boolean;
+        oidcTokenProvided: boolean;
+        message?: string;
+        statusCode?: number;
+        cause?: unknown;
+    }): GatewayAuthenticationError;
 }
 
 declare const symbol$4: unique symbol;

package/dist/index.js

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ var import_provider_utils3 = require("@ai-sdk/provider-utils");
 var import_provider = require("@ai-sdk/provider");
 
 // src/errors/create-gateway-error.ts
-var import_zod2 = require("zod");
+var import_v42 = require("zod/v4");
 
 // src/errors/gateway-error.ts
 var marker = "vercel.ai.gateway.error";
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ var name = "GatewayAuthenticationError";
 var marker2 = `vercel.ai.gateway.error.${name}`;
 var symbol2 = Symbol.for(marker2);
 var _a2, _b2;
-var GatewayAuthenticationError = class extends (_b2 = GatewayError, _a2 = symbol2, _b2) {
+var GatewayAuthenticationError = class _GatewayAuthenticationError extends (_b2 = GatewayError, _a2 = symbol2, _b2) {
   constructor({
     message = "Authentication failed",
     statusCode = 401,
@@ -91,6 +91,54 @@ var GatewayAuthenticationError = class extends (_b2 = GatewayError, _a2 = symbol
   static isInstance(error) {
     return GatewayError.hasMarker(error) && symbol2 in error;
   }
+  /**
+   * Creates a contextual error message when authentication fails
+   */
+  static createContextualError({
+    apiKeyProvided,
+    oidcTokenProvided,
+    message = "Authentication failed",
+    statusCode = 401,
+    cause
+  }) {
+    let contextualMessage;
+    if (apiKeyProvided) {
+      contextualMessage = `AI Gateway authentication failed: Invalid API key provided.
+
+The token is expected to be provided via the 'apiKey' option or 'AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY' environment variable.`;
+    } else if (oidcTokenProvided) {
+      contextualMessage = `AI Gateway authentication failed: Invalid OIDC token provided.
+
+The token is expected to be provided via the 'VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN' environment variable. It expires every 12 hours.
+- make sure your Vercel project settings have OIDC enabled
+- if running locally with 'vercel dev', the token is automatically obtained and refreshed
+- if running locally with your own dev server, run 'vercel env pull' to fetch the token
+- in production/preview, the token is automatically obtained and refreshed
+
+Alternative: Provide an API key via 'apiKey' option or 'AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY' environment variable.`;
+    } else {
+      contextualMessage = `AI Gateway authentication failed: No authentication provided.
+
+Provide either an API key or OIDC token.
+
+API key instructions:
+
+The token is expected to be provided via the 'apiKey' option or 'AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY' environment variable.
+
+OIDC token instructions:
+
+The token is expected to be provided via the 'VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN' environment variable. It expires every 12 hours.
+- make sure your Vercel project settings have OIDC enabled
+- if running locally with 'vercel dev', the token is automatically obtained and refreshed
+- if running locally with your own dev server, run 'vercel env pull' to fetch the token
+- in production/preview, the token is automatically obtained and refreshed`;
+    }
+    return new _GatewayAuthenticationError({
+      message: contextualMessage,
+      statusCode,
+      cause
+    });
+  }
 };
 
 // src/errors/gateway-invalid-request-error.ts
@@ -138,12 +186,12 @@ var GatewayRateLimitError = class extends (_b4 = GatewayError, _a4 = symbol4, _b
 };
 
 // src/errors/gateway-model-not-found-error.ts
-var import_zod = require("zod");
+var import_v4 = require("zod/v4");
 var name4 = "GatewayModelNotFoundError";
 var marker5 = `vercel.ai.gateway.error.${name4}`;
 var symbol5 = Symbol.for(marker5);
-var modelNotFoundParamSchema = import_zod.z.object({
-  modelId: import_zod.z.string()
+var modelNotFoundParamSchema = import_v4.z.object({
+  modelId: import_v4.z.string()
 });
 var _a5, _b5;
 var GatewayModelNotFoundError = class extends (_b5 = GatewayError, _a5 = symbol5, _b5) {
@@ -218,7 +266,8 @@ function createGatewayErrorFromResponse({
   response,
   statusCode,
   defaultMessage = "Gateway request failed",
-  cause
+  cause,
+  authMethod
 }) {
   const parseResult = gatewayErrorResponseSchema.safeParse(response);
   if (!parseResult.success) {
@@ -235,7 +284,12 @@ function createGatewayErrorFromResponse({
   const message = validatedResponse.error.message;
   switch (errorType) {
     case "authentication_error":
-      return new GatewayAuthenticationError({ message, statusCode, cause });
+      return GatewayAuthenticationError.createContextualError({
+        apiKeyProvided: authMethod === "api-key",
+        oidcTokenProvided: authMethod === "oidc",
+        statusCode,
+        cause
+      });
     case "invalid_request_error":
       return new GatewayInvalidRequestError({ message, statusCode, cause });
     case "rate_limit_exceeded":
@@ -257,17 +311,17 @@ function createGatewayErrorFromResponse({
       return new GatewayInternalServerError({ message, statusCode, cause });
   }
 }
-var gatewayErrorResponseSchema = import_zod2.z.object({
-  error: import_zod2.z.object({
-    message: import_zod2.z.string(),
-    type: import_zod2.z.string().nullish(),
-    param: import_zod2.z.unknown().nullish(),
-    code: import_zod2.z.union([import_zod2.z.string(), import_zod2.z.number()]).nullish()
+var gatewayErrorResponseSchema = import_v42.z.object({
+  error: import_v42.z.object({
+    message: import_v42.z.string(),
+    type: import_v42.z.string().nullish(),
+    param: import_v42.z.unknown().nullish(),
+    code: import_v42.z.union([import_v42.z.string(), import_v42.z.number()]).nullish()
   })
 });
 
 // src/errors/as-gateway-error.ts
-function asGatewayError(error) {
+function asGatewayError(error, authMethod) {
   var _a8;
   if (GatewayError.isInstance(error)) {
     return error;
@@ -277,14 +331,16 @@ function asGatewayError(error) {
       response: extractApiCallResponse(error),
       statusCode: (_a8 = error.statusCode) != null ? _a8 : 500,
       defaultMessage: "Gateway request failed",
-      cause: error
+      cause: error,
+      authMethod
     });
   }
   return createGatewayErrorFromResponse({
     response: {},
     statusCode: 500,
     defaultMessage: error instanceof Error ? `Gateway request failed: ${error.message}` : "Unknown Gateway error",
-    cause: error
+    cause: error,
+    authMethod
   });
 }
 
@@ -305,7 +361,7 @@ function extractApiCallResponse(error) {
 
 // src/gateway-fetch-metadata.ts
 var import_provider_utils = require("@ai-sdk/provider-utils");
-var import_zod3 = require("zod");
+var import_v43 = require("zod/v4");
 var GatewayFetchMetadata = class {
   constructor(config) {
     this.config = config;
@@ -319,7 +375,7 @@ var GatewayFetchMetadata = class {
           gatewayFetchMetadataSchema
         ),
         failedResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils.createJsonErrorResponseHandler)({
-          errorSchema: import_zod3.z.any(),
+          errorSchema: import_v43.z.any(),
           errorToMessage: (data) => data
         }),
         fetch: this.config.fetch
@@ -330,23 +386,39 @@ var GatewayFetchMetadata = class {
     }
   }
 };
-var gatewayLanguageModelSpecificationSchema = import_zod3.z.object({
-  specificationVersion: import_zod3.z.literal("v2"),
-  provider: import_zod3.z.string(),
-  modelId: import_zod3.z.string()
+var gatewayLanguageModelSpecificationSchema = import_v43.z.object({
+  specificationVersion: import_v43.z.literal("v2"),
+  provider: import_v43.z.string(),
+  modelId: import_v43.z.string()
 });
-var gatewayLanguageModelEntrySchema = import_zod3.z.object({
-  id: import_zod3.z.string(),
-  name: import_zod3.z.string(),
+var gatewayLanguageModelEntrySchema = import_v43.z.object({
+  id: import_v43.z.string(),
+  name: import_v43.z.string(),
   specification: gatewayLanguageModelSpecificationSchema
 });
-var gatewayFetchMetadataSchema = import_zod3.z.object({
-  models: import_zod3.z.array(gatewayLanguageModelEntrySchema)
+var gatewayFetchMetadataSchema = import_v43.z.object({
+  models: import_v43.z.array(gatewayLanguageModelEntrySchema)
 });
 
 // src/gateway-language-model.ts
 var import_provider_utils2 = require("@ai-sdk/provider-utils");
-var import_zod4 = require("zod");
+var import_v44 = require("zod/v4");
+
+// src/errors/parse-auth-method.ts
+var import_zod = require("zod");
+var GATEWAY_AUTH_METHOD_HEADER = "x-ai-gateway-auth-method";
+function parseAuthMethod(headers) {
+  const result = gatewayAuthMethodSchema.safeParse(
+    headers[GATEWAY_AUTH_METHOD_HEADER]
+  );
+  return result.success ? result.data : void 0;
+}
+var gatewayAuthMethodSchema = import_zod.z.union([
+  import_zod.z.literal("api-key"),
+  import_zod.z.literal("oidc")
+]);
+
+// src/gateway-language-model.ts
 var GatewayLanguageModel = class {
   constructor(modelId, config) {
     this.modelId = modelId;
@@ -359,6 +431,7 @@ var GatewayLanguageModel = class {
   }
   async doGenerate(options) {
     const { abortSignal, ...body } = options;
+    const resolvedHeaders = await (0, import_provider_utils2.resolve)(this.config.headers());
     try {
       const {
         responseHeaders,
@@ -367,15 +440,15 @@ var GatewayLanguageModel = class {
       } = await (0, import_provider_utils2.postJsonToApi)({
         url: this.getUrl(),
         headers: (0, import_provider_utils2.combineHeaders)(
-          await (0, import_provider_utils2.resolve)(this.config.headers()),
+          resolvedHeaders,
           options.headers,
           this.getModelConfigHeaders(this.modelId, false),
           await (0, import_provider_utils2.resolve)(this.config.o11yHeaders)
         ),
         body: this.maybeEncodeFileParts(body),
-        successfulResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils2.createJsonResponseHandler)(import_zod4.z.any()),
+        successfulResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils2.createJsonResponseHandler)(import_v44.z.any()),
         failedResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils2.createJsonErrorResponseHandler)({
-          errorSchema: import_zod4.z.any(),
+          errorSchema: import_v44.z.any(),
           errorToMessage: (data) => data
         }),
         ...abortSignal && { abortSignal },
@@ -388,24 +461,25 @@ var GatewayLanguageModel = class {
         warnings: []
       };
     } catch (error) {
-      throw asGatewayError(error);
+      throw asGatewayError(error, parseAuthMethod(resolvedHeaders));
     }
   }
   async doStream(options) {
     const { abortSignal, ...body } = options;
+    const resolvedHeaders = await (0, import_provider_utils2.resolve)(this.config.headers());
     try {
       const { value: response, responseHeaders } = await (0, import_provider_utils2.postJsonToApi)({
         url: this.getUrl(),
         headers: (0, import_provider_utils2.combineHeaders)(
-          await (0, import_provider_utils2.resolve)(this.config.headers()),
+          resolvedHeaders,
           options.headers,
           this.getModelConfigHeaders(this.modelId, true),
           await (0, import_provider_utils2.resolve)(this.config.o11yHeaders)
         ),
         body: this.maybeEncodeFileParts(body),
-        successfulResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils2.createEventSourceResponseHandler)(import_zod4.z.any()),
+        successfulResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils2.createEventSourceResponseHandler)(import_v44.z.any()),
         failedResponseHandler: (0, import_provider_utils2.createJsonErrorResponseHandler)({
-          errorSchema: import_zod4.z.any(),
+          errorSchema: import_v44.z.any(),
           errorToMessage: (data) => data
         }),
         ...abortSignal && { abortSignal },
@@ -420,6 +494,9 @@ var GatewayLanguageModel = class {
                 if (streamPart.type === "raw" && !options.includeRawChunks) {
                   return;
                 }
+                if (streamPart.type === "response-metadata" && streamPart.timestamp && typeof streamPart.timestamp === "string") {
+                  streamPart.timestamp = new Date(streamPart.timestamp);
+                }
                 controller.enqueue(streamPart);
               } else {
                 controller.error(
@@ -433,7 +510,7 @@ var GatewayLanguageModel = class {
         response: { headers: responseHeaders }
       };
     } catch (error) {
-      throw asGatewayError(error);
+      throw asGatewayError(error, parseAuthMethod(resolvedHeaders));
     }
   }
   isFilePart(part) {
@@ -480,12 +557,7 @@ async function getVercelOidcToken() {
   const token = (_b8 = (_a8 = getContext().headers) == null ? void 0 : _a8["x-vercel-oidc-token"]) != null ? _b8 : process.env.VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN;
   if (!token) {
     throw new GatewayAuthenticationError({
-      message: `Failed to get Vercel OIDC token for AI Gateway access.
-The token is expected to be provided via the 'VERCEL_OIDC_TOKEN' environment variable. It expires every 12 hours.
-- make sure your Vercel project settings have OIDC enabled
-- if you're running locally with 'vercel dev' the token is automatically obtained and refreshed for you
-- if you're running locally with your own dev server script you can fetch/update the token by running 'vercel env pull'
-- in production or preview the token is automatically obtained and refreshed for you`,
+      message: "OIDC token not available",
       statusCode: 401
     });
   }
@@ -504,13 +576,6 @@ function getContext() {
 
 // src/gateway-provider.ts
 var AI_GATEWAY_PROTOCOL_VERSION = "0.0.1";
-async function getGatewayAuthToken(options) {
-  var _a8;
-  return (_a8 = (0, import_provider_utils3.loadOptionalSetting)({
-    settingValue: options.apiKey,
-    environmentVariableName: "AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY"
-  })) != null ? _a8 : await getVercelOidcToken();
-}
 function createGatewayProvider(options = {}) {
   var _a8, _b8;
   let pendingMetadata = null;
@@ -519,11 +584,20 @@ function createGatewayProvider(options = {}) {
   let lastFetchTime = 0;
   const baseURL = (_b8 = (0, import_provider_utils3.withoutTrailingSlash)(options.baseURL)) != null ? _b8 : "https://ai-gateway.vercel.sh/v1/ai";
   const getHeaders = async () => {
-    return {
-      Authorization: `Bearer ${await getGatewayAuthToken(options)}`,
-      "ai-gateway-protocol-version": AI_GATEWAY_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
-      ...options.headers
-    };
+    const auth = await getGatewayAuthToken(options);
+    if (auth) {
+      return {
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${auth.token}`,
+        "ai-gateway-protocol-version": AI_GATEWAY_PROTOCOL_VERSION,
+        [GATEWAY_AUTH_METHOD_HEADER]: auth.authMethod,
+        ...options.headers
+      };
+    }
+    throw GatewayAuthenticationError.createContextualError({
+      apiKeyProvided: false,
+      oidcTokenProvided: false,
+      statusCode: 401
+    });
   };
   const createLanguageModel = (modelId) => {
     const deploymentId = (0, import_provider_utils3.loadOptionalSetting)({
@@ -566,8 +640,8 @@ function createGatewayProvider(options = {}) {
       }).getAvailableModels().then((metadata) => {
         metadataCache = metadata;
         return metadata;
-      }).catch((error) => {
-        throw asGatewayError(error);
+      }).catch(async (error) => {
+        throw asGatewayError(error, parseAuthMethod(await getHeaders()));
       });
     }
     return metadataCache ? Promise.resolve(metadataCache) : pendingMetadata;
@@ -591,6 +665,27 @@ function createGatewayProvider(options = {}) {
   return provider;
 }
 var gateway = createGatewayProvider();
+async function getGatewayAuthToken(options) {
+  const apiKey = (0, import_provider_utils3.loadOptionalSetting)({
+    settingValue: options.apiKey,
+    environmentVariableName: "AI_GATEWAY_API_KEY"
+  });
+  if (apiKey) {
+    return {
+      token: apiKey,
+      authMethod: "api-key"
+    };
+  }
+  try {
+    const oidcToken = await getVercelOidcToken();
+    return {
+      token: oidcToken,
+      authMethod: "oidc"
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
 // Annotate the CommonJS export names for ESM import in node:
 0 && (module.exports = {
   GatewayAuthenticationError,