@ably/ai-transport 0.0.1 → 0.2.0

package/src/core/transport/client-session.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+/**
+ * Core client-side session, parameterized by codec.
+ *
+ * Composes the conversation Tree to handle the full client-side lifecycle.
+ * `connect()` subscribes to the Ably channel (which implicitly attaches it).
+ * The same subscription, decoder, and channel are reused across runs.
+ *
+ * The client publishes user messages directly to the channel via the shared
+ * codec encoder. It does not send HTTP: waking an agent is the application's
+ * concern — it POSTs `run.toInvocation().toJSON()` to its own endpoint if and
+ * when it wants one woken (the Vercel ChatTransport does this for useChat
+ * parity). The agent locates the triggering input event by its `event-id`
+ * header and publishes run lifecycle events (run-start, run-end) plus assistant
+ * chunks, minting and stamping the invocation-id itself. The channel is the
+ * durable session record; agents that weren't running at publish time can
+ * resume by reading channel rewind.
+ */
+
+import * as Ably from 'ably';
+
+import {
+  EVENT_CANCEL,
+  EVENT_RUN_END,
+  HEADER_CODEC_MESSAGE_ID,
+  HEADER_ERROR_CODE,
+  HEADER_ERROR_MESSAGE,
+  HEADER_EVENT_ID,
+  HEADER_INPUT_CODEC_MESSAGE_ID,
+  HEADER_INVOCATION_ID,
+  HEADER_PARENT,
+  HEADER_ROLE,
+  HEADER_RUN_ID,
+  HEADER_RUN_REASON,
+} from '../../constants.js';
+import { ErrorCode } from '../../errors.js';
+import { EventEmitter } from '../../event-emitter.js';
+import type { Logger } from '../../logger.js';
+import { LogLevel, makeLogger } from '../../logger.js';
+import { getTransportHeaders } from '../../utils.js';
+import { registerAgent } from '../agent.js';
+import type { CodecInputEvent, CodecOutputEvent, Decoder, Encoder } from '../codec/types.js';
+import { applyWireMessage } from './decode-fold.js';
+import { buildTransportHeaders } from './headers.js';
+import { Invocation } from './invocation.js';
+import type { DefaultTree } from './tree.js';
+import { createTree } from './tree.js';
+import type { ActiveRun, ClientSession, ClientSessionOptions, RunEndReason, SendOptions, Tree, View } from './types.js';
+import { createView, type DefaultView } from './view.js';
+
+/**
+ * Returned from `on()` when the session is already closed — the subscription
+ * is silently ignored since no further events will fire.
+ */
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-empty-function -- intentional no-op
+const noopUnsubscribe = (): void => {};
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internal state machine
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+enum ClientSessionState {
+  READY = 'ready',
+  CLOSED = 'closed',
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Event map for the session's typed EventEmitter
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+interface ClientSessionEventsMap {
+  error: Ably.ErrorInfo;
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Implementation
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Spec: AIT-CT1
+class DefaultClientSession<
+  TInput extends CodecInputEvent,
+  TOutput extends CodecOutputEvent,
+  TProjection,
+  TMessage,
+> implements ClientSession<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage> {
+  private readonly _channel: Ably.RealtimeChannel;
+  private readonly _codec: ClientSessionOptions<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>['codec'];
+  private readonly _clientId: string | undefined;
+  private readonly _logger: Logger;
+
+  // Typed event emitter — the session emits only 'error'; all data events live on Tree/View
+  private readonly _emitter: EventEmitter<ClientSessionEventsMap>;
+
+  // Sub-components
+  private readonly _tree: DefaultTree<TInput, TOutput, TProjection>;
+  private readonly _view: DefaultView<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>;
+  private readonly _views = new Set<DefaultView<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>>();
+  private readonly _decoder: Decoder<TInput, TOutput>;
+  /**
+   * Shared encoder for the lifetime of the session. The client only ever
+   * uses `publishInput` (input wire), so the encoder's stream tracker map
+   * stays empty across the session. Closed once on session close.
+   */
+  private readonly _encoder: Encoder<TInput, TOutput>;
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT10, AIT-CT10a
+  readonly tree: Tree<TOutput, TProjection>;
+  readonly view: View<TInput, TMessage>;
+
+  // Channel subscription is established lazily on connect()
+  private _connectPromise: Promise<void> | undefined;
+  private readonly _onMessage: (msg: Ably.InboundMessage) => void;
+
+  private _state = ClientSessionState.READY;
+  private _hasAttachedOnce: boolean;
+  private readonly _onChannelStateChange: Ably.channelEventCallback;
+
+  /**
+   * Backing settlers for each in-flight run's `ActiveRun.runId` promise.
+   * Resolved with the agent-minted run-id when the matching `ai-run-start`
+   * (fresh send) or `ai-run-resume` (continuation) is observed; rejected if
+   * the session closes first. There is no deadline —
+   * `send()` resolves on publish and does not block on run-start.
+   *
+   * Keyed by the triggering input's codec-message-id — the handle the client
+   * owns at send time, which the agent echoes back on run-start as
+   * `input-codec-message-id`. This is uniform across fresh sends and
+   * continuations (a continuation is itself an input event — tool-approval or
+   * tool-result — with its own codec-message-id), so reconciliation never
+   * depends on a client-minted run/invocation id.
+   */
+  private readonly _pendingRunStarts = new Map<
+    string,
+    { resolve: (runId: string) => void; reject: (e: Ably.ErrorInfo) => void }
+  >();
+
+  constructor(options: ClientSessionOptions<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>) {
+    // Spec: AIT-CT1a, AIT-CT1a2 — register this SDK on both the connection
+    // (options.agents) and channel-attach (params.agent) paths. Idempotent
+    // across sessions sharing one client.
+    const channelOptions = registerAgent(options.client, options.codec);
+    this._channel = options.client.channels.get(options.channelName, channelOptions);
+    this._codec = options.codec;
+    this._clientId = options.clientId;
+    this._logger = (options.logger ?? makeLogger({ logLevel: LogLevel.Silent })).withContext({
+      component: 'ClientSession',
+    });
+
+    this._emitter = new EventEmitter<ClientSessionEventsMap>(this._logger);
+    this._hasAttachedOnce = this._channel.state === 'attached';
+
+    // Compose sub-components
+    this._tree = createTree<TInput, TOutput, TProjection>(this._codec, this._logger);
+    this._view = createView<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>({
+      tree: this._tree,
+      channel: this._channel,
+      codec: this._codec,
+      sendDelegate: this._internalSend.bind(this),
+      logger: this._logger,
+      onClose: () => this._views.delete(this._view),
+    });
+    this._decoder = this._codec.createDecoder();
+    this._encoder = this._codec.createEncoder(
+      this._channel,
+      this._clientId === undefined ? undefined : { clientId: this._clientId },
+    );
+
+    this._views.add(this._view);
+
+    // Public accessors (typed as narrow interfaces)
+    this.tree = this._tree;
+    this.view = this._view;
+
+    // Seed tree with initial messages — the session assigns a codecMessageId
+    // per seed message. Each seed becomes a run-less input node (no run-id —
+    // the client never mints one); the parent chain mirrors the original seed
+    // sequence (a user→user input chain the Tree threads kind-blind).
+    if (options.messages) {
+      let prevMsgId: string | undefined;
+      for (const msg of options.messages) {
+        const codecMessageId = crypto.randomUUID();
+        const seedHeaders: Record<string, string> = {
+          [HEADER_CODEC_MESSAGE_ID]: codecMessageId,
+          [HEADER_ROLE]: 'user',
+        };
+        if (prevMsgId) seedHeaders[HEADER_PARENT] = prevMsgId;
+        this._tree.applyMessage({ inputs: [this._codec.createUserMessage(msg)], outputs: [] }, seedHeaders);
+        prevMsgId = codecMessageId;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Spec: AIT-CT2
+    // Listener function reference — bound now so it can be unsubscribed on close.
+    this._onMessage = (ablyMessage: Ably.InboundMessage) => {
+      this._handleMessage(ablyMessage);
+    };
+
+    // Listen for channel state changes that break message continuity.
+    // _hasAttachedOnce is seeded from the channel's current state so that
+    // pre-attached channels are handled correctly. It distinguishes the
+    // initial attach (expected) from a genuine discontinuity.
+    this._onChannelStateChange = (stateChange: Ably.ChannelStateChange) => {
+      this._handleChannelStateChange(stateChange);
+    };
+    this._channel.on(this._onChannelStateChange);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Public connection API
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT2
+  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/promise-function-async -- preserve reference equality across calls
+  connect(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) {
+      return Promise.reject(new Ably.ErrorInfo('unable to connect; session is closed', ErrorCode.SessionClosed, 400));
+    }
+    if (this._connectPromise) return this._connectPromise;
+
+    this._logger.trace('DefaultClientSession.connect();');
+    // Subscribe before attach (RTL7g) — subscribe implicitly attaches the channel.
+    this._connectPromise = this._channel.subscribe(this._onMessage).then(
+      () => {
+        this._logger.debug('DefaultClientSession.connect(); subscribed and attached');
+      },
+      (error: unknown) => {
+        const errInfo = new Ably.ErrorInfo(
+          `unable to subscribe to channel; ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+          ErrorCode.SessionSubscriptionError,
+          500,
+          error instanceof Ably.ErrorInfo ? error : undefined,
+        );
+        this._logger.error('DefaultClientSession.connect(); subscribe failed');
+        this._emitter.emit('error', errInfo);
+        throw errInfo;
+      },
+    );
+    return this._connectPromise;
+  }
+
+  private async _requireConnected(method: string): Promise<void> {
+    if (!this._connectPromise) {
+      throw new Ably.ErrorInfo(
+        `unable to ${method}; connect() must be called before ${method}()`,
+        ErrorCode.InvalidArgument,
+        400,
+      );
+    }
+    return this._connectPromise;
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Message subscription handler
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  private _handleMessage(ablyMessage: Ably.InboundMessage): void {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) return;
+
+    try {
+      // Spec: AIT-CT16a
+      // Live-only: surface an agent error carried on a run-end BEFORE applying
+      // it, preserving the original 'error'-before-tree-'run' emit ordering.
+      // Consumers that expose a per-run stream (e.g. the Vercel ChatTransport)
+      // error their stream off this event. The agent only publishes run-end
+      // after run-start, so no pending-run-start tracker is outstanding.
+      if (ablyMessage.name === EVENT_RUN_END) {
+        const headers = getTransportHeaders(ablyMessage);
+        // CAST: agent always writes a valid RunEndReason; default to 'complete' for robustness
+        const reason = (headers[HEADER_RUN_REASON] ?? 'complete') as RunEndReason;
+        if (reason === 'error') {
+          const codeRaw = headers[HEADER_ERROR_CODE];
+          const parsedCode = codeRaw === undefined ? Number.NaN : Number(codeRaw);
+          const code = Number.isFinite(parsedCode) ? parsedCode : ErrorCode.SessionSubscriptionError;
+          const message = headers[HEADER_ERROR_MESSAGE] ?? 'agent reported an error';
+          const statusCode = code >= 10000 && code < 60000 ? Math.floor(code / 100) : 500;
+          const errInfo = new Ably.ErrorInfo(message, code, statusCode);
+          this._logger.error('ClientSession._handleMessage(); agent error received', {
+            runId: headers[HEADER_RUN_ID],
+            invocationId: headers[HEADER_INVOCATION_ID],
+            code,
+          });
+          this._emitter.emit('error', errInfo);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Reconstruct the tree via the shared decode-fold engine — the same path
+      // the View's history replay uses, so the live loop can't drift from it.
+      const event = applyWireMessage(this._tree, this._decoder, ablyMessage);
+
+      // Live-only: resolve the pending `runId` promise on a fresh run-start or
+      // a continuation run-resume. Key by the echoed `input-codec-message-id`
+      // — the mirror of the arming key on `_pendingRunStarts` (see that
+      // field's JSDoc). Every send carries at least one input, so the agent
+      // always echoes it.
+      if (event && (event.type === 'start' || event.type === 'resume')) {
+        const startedKey = getTransportHeaders(ablyMessage)[HEADER_INPUT_CODEC_MESSAGE_ID];
+        if (startedKey !== undefined) {
+          const pending = this._pendingRunStarts.get(startedKey);
+          if (pending) {
+            this._pendingRunStarts.delete(startedKey);
+            // Resolve the run handle's `runId` promise with the agent-minted id.
+            pending.resolve(event.runId);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Emit ably-message AFTER the apply so View subscribers can find the
+      // owning node in `_lastVisibleNodeKeySet` (keyed by run-id for reply runs
+      // and codec-message-id for inputs), which is refreshed by the tree
+      // 'update' events the apply triggers.
+      this._tree.emitAblyMessage(ablyMessage);
+    } catch (error) {
+      const cause = error instanceof Ably.ErrorInfo ? error : undefined;
+      this._emitter.emit(
+        'error',
+        new Ably.ErrorInfo(
+          `unable to process channel message; ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+          ErrorCode.SessionSubscriptionError,
+          500,
+          cause,
+        ),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Channel state change handler
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT19, AIT-CT19a
+  private _handleChannelStateChange(stateChange: Ably.ChannelStateChange): void {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) return;
+
+    const { current, resumed } = stateChange;
+
+    // Track the initial attach so we don't treat it as a discontinuity
+    if (current === 'attached' && !this._hasAttachedOnce) {
+      this._hasAttachedOnce = true;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Continuity-breaking states:
+    // - FAILED, SUSPENDED, DETACHED: no more messages expected (or gap)
+    // - ATTACHED with resumed: false (UPDATE): messages were lost
+    const continuityLost =
+      current === 'failed' || current === 'suspended' || current === 'detached' || (current === 'attached' && !resumed);
+
+    if (!continuityLost) return;
+
+    this._logger.error('ClientSession._handleChannelStateChange(); channel continuity lost', {
+      current,
+      resumed,
+      previous: stateChange.previous,
+    });
+
+    const err = new Ably.ErrorInfo(
+      `unable to deliver events; channel continuity lost (${current}${current === 'attached' ? ', resumed: false' : ''})`,
+      ErrorCode.ChannelContinuityLost,
+      500,
+      stateChange.reason,
+    );
+
+    // Surface the loss via the session `error` event. Consumers that expose a
+    // per-run stream (e.g. the Vercel ChatTransport) error their stream off
+    // this event; observer-run state lives entirely in the Tree's projection
+    // and stays consistent regardless of continuity loss.
+    this._emitter.emit('error', err);
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Cancel helpers
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  /**
+   * Tear down local state for a send whose channel publish failed.
+   * Idempotent.
+   * @param codecMessageIds - The codec-message-ids of the failed send's
+   *   optimistic input nodes (the client mints no run-id, so the optimistic
+   *   inserts are keyed by their codec-message-ids).
+   */
+  private _cleanupFailedSend(codecMessageIds: string[]): void {
+    for (const codecMessageId of codecMessageIds) {
+      // Drop the optimistic input node only if the publish never produced a
+      // server-assigned serial (i.e. nothing live observed it). A server-acked
+      // node is part of the canonical channel state and must stay; the View /
+      // observers already see it. A fresh send's optimistic inserts are input
+      // nodes (keyed by codec-message-id).
+      const node = this._tree.getNodeByCodecMessageId(codecMessageId);
+      if (node?.kind === 'input' && node.serial === undefined) {
+        // An input node's key is its codec-message-id, so delete by it directly.
+        this._tree.delete(node.codecMessageId);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // Public API
+  // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT10b
+  createView(): View<TInput, TMessage> {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) {
+      throw new Ably.ErrorInfo('unable to create view; session is closed', ErrorCode.SessionClosed, 400);
+    }
+    this._logger.trace('DefaultClientSession.createView();');
+    const view = createView<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>({
+      tree: this._tree,
+      channel: this._channel,
+      codec: this._codec,
+      sendDelegate: this._internalSend.bind(this),
+      logger: this._logger,
+      onClose: () => this._views.delete(view),
+    });
+    this._views.add(view);
+    return view;
+  }
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT3, AIT-CT4
+  private async _internalSend(
+    input: TInput[],
+    sendOptions: SendOptions | undefined,
+    parentCodecMessageId: string | undefined,
+  ): Promise<ActiveRun> {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) {
+      throw new Ably.ErrorInfo('unable to send; session is closed', ErrorCode.SessionClosed, 400);
+    }
+    await this._requireConnected('send');
+    // CAST: re-check after await — close() may have been called while waiting for connect.
+    // TypeScript's control flow narrows _state after the first check, but the
+    // await yields and close() can mutate _state concurrently.
+    if ((this._state as ClientSessionState) === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) {
+      throw new Ably.ErrorInfo('unable to send; session is closed', ErrorCode.SessionClosed, 400);
+    }
+
+    // Spec: AIT-CT20
+    const state = this._channel.state;
+    if (state !== 'attached' && state !== 'attaching') {
+      throw new Ably.ErrorInfo(`unable to send; channel is ${state}`, ErrorCode.ChannelNotReady, 400);
+    }
+
+    this._logger.trace('ClientSession._internalSend();');
+
+    const isContinuation = sendOptions?.runId !== undefined;
+
+    // The agent mints run-ids, not the client. A fresh send carries no run-id
+    // (the agent mints it and echoes it on run-start); only a continuation
+    // reuses the existing run-id the caller passed.
+    const runId = sendOptions?.runId;
+
+    // Spec: AIT-CT3d
+    // Auto-compute parent from the visible branch tail when not explicitly
+    // provided. The View pre-resolves the codec-message-id of the last visible message
+    // since the session is codec-agnostic and can't extract it from TMessage.
+    let autoParent: string | undefined;
+    if (sendOptions?.parent === undefined && !sendOptions?.forkOf) {
+      autoParent = parentCodecMessageId;
+    }
+
+    const codecMessageIds = new Set<string>();
+    interface ItemState {
+      input: TInput;
+      codecMessageId: string;
+      inputEventId: string;
+      headers: Record<string, string>;
+      /** Inputs that reference an existing codec-message without contributing fresh local content (regenerate, tool resolutions) are wire-only — no optimistic projection fold. Fresh user-messages always fold, even when they pin their own codecMessageId. */
+      isWireOnly: boolean;
+    }
+    const items: ItemState[] = [];
+
+    // Per-input wire prep: read routing fields off the input directly, then
+    // mint per-event ids and build transport headers. Regenerate inputs are
+    // wire-only (no optimistic fold); other inputs fold into the projection
+    // optimistically.
+    for (const entry of input) {
+      const inputEventId = crypto.randomUUID();
+      // Use the input's `codecMessageId` when set (e.g. tool resolution
+      // targeting the prior assistant); otherwise mint a fresh id.
+      const codecMessageId = entry.codecMessageId ?? crypto.randomUUID();
+      codecMessageIds.add(codecMessageId);
+
+      // Inputs that reference an existing message (regenerate, tool
+      // resolutions targeting an assistant) are wire-only — no optimistic
+      // fold needed because either the receiving content doesn't
+      // materialise on this side (regenerate) or the target already exists
+      // and will be amended when the wire echoes back.
+      //
+      // A fresh `user-message` is never wire-only, even on the rare path
+      // where it carries an explicit `codecMessageId`: it is new content that
+      // must fold into the local projection immediately. Excluding it here
+      // keeps the optimistic user bubble from depending on the channel
+      // round-trip. (The session mints the codec-message-id for fresh user
+      // messages; the caller's `message.id` is preserved but never used as
+      // the correlation key.)
+      const isWireOnly =
+        entry.kind !== 'user-message' && (entry.kind === 'regenerate' || entry.codecMessageId !== undefined);
+
+      // The input's own routing fields override the auto-parent /
+      // sendOptions defaults. For regenerate inputs, `target` becomes the
+      // `msg-regenerate` wire header. The fork anchor comes from
+      // `sendOptions.forkOf` (set by `View.edit`). The transport reads
+      // these directly without runtime classification.
+      const parent = entry.parent ?? (sendOptions?.parent === undefined ? autoParent : sendOptions.parent);
+      const forkOf = sendOptions?.forkOf;
+      const regenerates = entry.kind === 'regenerate' ? entry.target : undefined;
+
+      const headers = buildTransportHeaders({
+        role: 'user',
+        runId,
+        codecMessageId,
+        runClientId: this._clientId,
+        ...(parent !== undefined && { parent }),
+        ...(forkOf !== undefined && { forkOf }),
+        ...(regenerates !== undefined && { regenerates }),
+        inputEventId,
+      });
+
+      // Spec: AIT-CT3c — optimistic fold for non-wire-only inputs.
+      if (!isWireOnly) {
+        this._tree.applyMessage({ inputs: [entry], outputs: [] }, headers);
+      }
+
+      items.push({ input: entry, codecMessageId, inputEventId, headers, isWireOnly });
+
+      // Spec: AIT-CT3e — chain subsequent inputs off the previous one when
+      // auto-parenting is in effect.
+      if (!isWireOnly && sendOptions?.parent === undefined && !sendOptions?.forkOf && entry.parent === undefined) {
+        autoParent = codecMessageId;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The trigger event is the last input — the one the agent looks up on the
+    // channel via `event-id`, surfaced on `ActiveRun` (and via `toInvocation()`)
+    // so the application can point an invocation at it. Its codec-message-id is
+    // the handle the client owns at send time; the agent echoes it back on
+    // run-start as `input-codec-message-id`, and it keys the run-start tracker.
+    const triggerItem = items.at(-1);
+    if (triggerItem === undefined) {
+      // Every send must carry at least one input — only new input starts or
+      // continues a run. The loop above produced no items, so nothing was
+      // published or folded optimistically.
+      throw new Ably.ErrorInfo(
+        'unable to send; inputs array is empty (include at least one input)',
+        ErrorCode.InvalidArgument,
+        400,
+      );
+    }
+    const triggerInputEventId = triggerItem.inputEventId;
+    const startedKey = triggerItem.codecMessageId;
+
+    // Arm the run-start tracker backing the returned `ActiveRun.runId` promise.
+    // The run-start handler resolves it with the agent-minted run-id when this
+    // send's `ai-run-start` is observed; close() rejects it on teardown. No
+    // deadline — `send()` resolves on publish; callers bound the wait by racing
+    // `run.runId` against their own timeout.
+    //
+    // Key on the arming side mirrors the resolve side — see `_pendingRunStarts`
+    // for the full keying invariant. The executor runs synchronously, so the
+    // tracker entry is registered before `new Promise` returns.
+    const runIdPromise = new Promise<string>((resolve, reject) => {
+      this._pendingRunStarts.set(startedKey, { resolve, reject });
+    });
+    // Suppress unhandled-rejection warnings for callers that never await
+    // `run.runId`; the caller still observes the rejection if it does await.
+    runIdPromise.catch(() => {
+      /* observed via run.runId, if at all */
+    });
+
+    // Publish each input in original order via the shared encoder. The
+    // codec routes user-message inputs into a per-part discrete batch and
+    // tool-resolution / regenerate inputs into a single discrete write —
+    // all on the `ai-input` wire.
+    const publishPromise = (async () => {
+      try {
+        for (const item of items) {
+          await this._encoder.publishInput(item.input, {
+            extras: { headers: item.headers },
+            messageId: item.codecMessageId,
+            ...(this._clientId !== undefined && { clientId: this._clientId }),
+          });
+        }
+      } catch (error) {
+        const cause = error instanceof Ably.ErrorInfo ? error : undefined;
+        const isPermission = cause?.statusCode === 401 || cause?.statusCode === 403;
+        const err = new Ably.ErrorInfo(
+          isPermission
+            ? `unable to publish events; missing publish capability on the channel`
+            : `unable to publish events; ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}`,
+          isPermission ? ErrorCode.InsufficientCapability : ErrorCode.SessionSendFailed,
+          isPermission ? 401 : 500,
+          cause,
+        );
+        this._emitter.emit('error', err);
+        // The input never reached the channel — there is no run to wait on.
+        // Drop the run-start tracker so close() doesn't later reject an orphan.
+        this._pendingRunStarts.delete(startedKey);
+        // Continuations didn't insert optimistic nodes, so there is nothing to
+        // clear for them — only a fresh send's optimistic input nodes need
+        // removing, keyed by their codec-message-ids (the client mints no runId).
+        if (!isContinuation) this._cleanupFailedSend([...codecMessageIds]);
+        throw err;
+      }
+    })();
+
+    // `send()` resolves once the input is published. The core never sends
+    // HTTP — waking an agent is the application's concern. Callers POST
+    // `run.toInvocation().toJSON()` to their endpoint if they want one woken,
+    // and await `run.runId` if they need to know it was picked up.
+    await publishPromise;
+
+    return {
+      inputCodecMessageId: startedKey,
+      runId: runIdPromise,
+      inputEventId: triggerInputEventId,
+      // The agent mints the run-id, so a fresh run has none until run-start.
+      // Cancel synchronously by the triggering input's codec-message-id (the
+      // handle the client owns at send time, = `inputCodecMessageId`): the
+      // agent resolves it to the run once its input-event lookup completes, and
+      // buffers a cancel that arrives before then so an early cancel is honoured
+      // rather than dropped. A continuation additionally carries its known
+      // run-id so the agent can match the run directly.
+      cancel: async () => {
+        await this._publishCancel({
+          inputCodecMessageId: startedKey,
+          ...(runId !== undefined && { runId }),
+        });
+      },
+      optimisticCodecMessageIds: [...codecMessageIds],
+      toInvocation: () =>
+        // The invocation body carries no run-id: run identity lives on the
+        // channel (the agent mints a fresh run-id, or reads a continuation's
+        // from the triggering input event, which carries the reused run-id).
+        Invocation.fromJSON({
+          inputEventId: triggerInputEventId,
+          sessionName: this._channel.name,
+        }),
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT7, AIT-CT7a
+  async cancel(runId: string): Promise<void> {
+    return this._publishCancel({ runId });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Publish an `ai-cancel` signal. The agent resolves the target run by
+   * whichever identifier is present:
+   *
+   * - `runId` — a continuation, whose run-id the caller already knows.
+   * - `inputCodecMessageId` — a fresh send, whose run-id the agent mints at
+   *   run-start. The client can only key the cancel by the triggering input's
+   *   codec-message-id (the `ActiveRun.inputCodecMessageId`) it owns at send
+   *   time; the agent resolves it to the run once its input-event lookup
+   *   completes, buffering a cancel that arrives before then.
+   *
+   * Both may be present (a continuation knows its run-id AND published an
+   * input). An `event-id` is always stamped so channel rewind redelivers the
+   * cancel to a per-request / serverless agent that attaches after it was
+   * published.
+   *
+   * Publishing the cancel signal is all the core does. The consumer-facing
+   * stream (if any) lives in the layer that built it — e.g. the Vercel
+   * ChatTransport closes its stream on cancel — and the Tree's RunNode is left
+   * intact so late agent events (a cancel append, a trailing
+   * `status: cancelled`) still fold into the Run's projection.
+   * @param target - The run identifier(s) to cancel. At least one of `runId` /
+   *   `inputCodecMessageId` must be set.
+   * @param target.runId - The run-id to cancel (continuations).
+   * @param target.inputCodecMessageId - The triggering input's
+   *   codec-message-id to cancel (fresh sends, before run-start).
+   */
+  private async _publishCancel(target: { runId?: string; inputCodecMessageId?: string }): Promise<void> {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) return;
+    await this._requireConnected('cancel');
+    // CAST: re-check after await — close() may have been called while waiting for connect.
+    if ((this._state as ClientSessionState) === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) return;
+    this._logger.debug('ClientSession._publishCancel();', {
+      runId: target.runId,
+      inputCodecMessageId: target.inputCodecMessageId,
+    });
+
+    const headers: Record<string, string> = {
+      // Stamp a per-cancel event-id so channel rewind redelivers this cancel
+      // to an agent that attaches after it was published.
+      [HEADER_EVENT_ID]: crypto.randomUUID(),
+    };
+    if (target.runId !== undefined) headers[HEADER_RUN_ID] = target.runId;
+    if (target.inputCodecMessageId !== undefined) headers[HEADER_INPUT_CODEC_MESSAGE_ID] = target.inputCodecMessageId;
+
+    await this._channel.publish({
+      name: EVENT_CANCEL,
+      extras: { ai: { transport: headers } },
+    });
+  }
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT8, AIT-CT8c, AIT-CT8d
+  on(event: 'error', handler: (error: Ably.ErrorInfo) => void): () => void {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) return noopUnsubscribe;
+    // CAST: the overload signature enforces the correct handler type.
+    const cb = handler;
+    this._emitter.on(event, cb);
+    return () => {
+      this._emitter.off(event, cb);
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Spec: AIT-CT12, AIT-CT12b, AIT-CT10c
+  async close(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this._state === ClientSessionState.CLOSED) return;
+    this._state = ClientSessionState.CLOSED;
+    this._logger.info('ClientSession.close();');
+
+    if (this._connectPromise) {
+      this._channel.unsubscribe(this._onMessage);
+    }
+    this._channel.off(this._onChannelStateChange);
+
+    this._emitter.off();
+    for (const v of this._views) v.close();
+    this._views.clear();
+    // Reject any in-flight `run.runId` promises so callers awaiting run-start
+    // settle rather than hang.
+    if (this._pendingRunStarts.size > 0) {
+      const closedErr = new Ably.ErrorInfo('unable to await run-start; session closed', ErrorCode.SessionClosed, 400);
+      for (const pending of this._pendingRunStarts.values()) {
+        pending.reject(closedErr);
+      }
+      this._pendingRunStarts.clear();
+    }
+
+    // Best-effort encoder close — flushes any pending stream operations.
+    // The client only uses the discrete input path (publishInput), so this is
+    // typically a no-op, but it releases any internal resources cleanly.
+    try {
+      await this._encoder.close();
+    } catch {
+      // Swallow: encoder close is best-effort during teardown
+    }
+
+    // Detach the channel this session attached. connect() subscribes (which
+    // implicitly attaches), so we only detach when connect() ran. Best-effort:
+    // a detach failure (e.g. the channel is already FAILED) must not throw out
+    // of close().
+    if (this._connectPromise) {
+      try {
+        await this._channel.detach();
+      } catch (error) {
+        // Swallowed (see above): a detach failure must not throw out of
+        // close(). Logged at debug for observability.
+        this._logger.debug('ClientSession.close(); channel detach failed', { error });
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Factory
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Create a client-side session that manages conversation state over an Ably channel.
+ *
+ * The caller owns the client's lifecycle; the session owns its channel.
+ * The session is created in a not-yet-connected state — callers must
+ * `await session.connect()` before `send`, `regenerate`, `edit`, `update`,
+ * or `cancel`.
+ * @param options - Configuration for the client session.
+ * @returns A new {@link ClientSession} instance.
+ */
+export const createClientSession = <
+  TInput extends CodecInputEvent,
+  TOutput extends CodecOutputEvent,
+  TProjection,
+  TMessage,
+>(
+  options: ClientSessionOptions<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage>,
+): ClientSession<TInput, TOutput, TProjection, TMessage> => new DefaultClientSession(options);