@363045841yyt/klinechart-core 0.7.3 → 0.7.5-alpha.2

package/src/engine/indicators/calculators.ts

@@ -1,2593 +1,2593 @@
-import type { KLineData } from '../../types/price'
-
-/**
- * MA 周期配置标志
- */
-export type MAFlags = {
-    ma5?: boolean
-    ma10?: boolean
-    ma20?: boolean
-    ma30?: boolean
-    ma60?: boolean
-}
-
-/**
- * 默认 MA 周期列表
- */
-export const DEFAULT_MA_PERIODS = [5, 10, 20, 30, 60] as const
-
-// ============================================================================
-// BOLL 布林带
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * BOLL 数据点
- */
-export interface BOLLPoint {
-    upper: number
-    middle: number
-    lower: number
-}
-
-/**
- * 默认 BOLL 参数
- */
-export const DEFAULT_BOLL_PERIOD = 20
-export const DEFAULT_BOLL_MULTIPLIER = 2
-
-/**
- * 计算 BOLL 数据（使用滑动窗口优化）
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param period 周期（默认20）
- * @param multiplier 标准差倍数（默认2）
- * @returns 每个索引对应的BOLL值，前 period-1 个为 undefined
- */
-export function calcBOLLData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-    multiplier: number
-): BOLLPoint[] {
-    const result: BOLLPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period) return result
-
-    // 使用滑动窗口计算，避免重复求和
-    let sum = 0
-    const window: number[] = []
-
-    // 初始化第一个窗口
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
-        const item = data[i]
-        if (!item) return result
-        const close = item.close
-        window.push(close)
-        sum += close
-    }
-
-    // 计算每个点的 BOLL
-    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const item = data[i]
-        if (!item) continue
-
-        // 更新窗口求和
-        if (i >= period) {
-            const oldVal = window.shift()
-            if (oldVal !== undefined) sum -= oldVal
-            const close = item.close
-            window.push(close)
-            sum += close
-        }
-
-        const ma = sum / period
-
-        // 计算标准差
-        let variance = 0
-        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
-            const wVal = window[j]
-            if (wVal !== undefined) {
-                variance += Math.pow(wVal - ma, 2)
-            }
-        }
-        const stdDev = Math.sqrt(variance / period)
-
-        result[i] = {
-            upper: ma + multiplier * stdDev,
-            middle: ma,
-            lower: ma - multiplier * stdDev,
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// EXPMA 指数平滑移动平均线
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * EXPMA 数据点
- */
-export interface EXPMAPoint {
-    fast: number
-    slow: number
-}
-
-/**
- * 默认 EXPMA 参数
- */
-export const DEFAULT_EXPMA_FAST_PERIOD = 12
-export const DEFAULT_EXPMA_SLOW_PERIOD = 50
-
-/**
- * 计算 EXPMA 数据
- * 公式：EXPMA(i) = C(i) × K + EXPMA(i-1) × (1-K)，K = 2/(N+1)
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param fastPeriod 快线周期（默认12）
- * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期（默认50）
- * @returns 每个索引对应的EXPMA值（从 index 0 开始有值）
- */
-export function calcEXPMAData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    fastPeriod: number,
-    slowPeriod: number
-): EXPMAPoint[] {
-    const result: EXPMAPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length === 0) return result
-
-    const fastK = 2 / (fastPeriod + 1)
-    const slowK = 2 / (slowPeriod + 1)
-
-    // 第一个点的 EXPMA 等于第一天的收盘价
-    const firstClose = data[0]!.close
-    let fastEMA = firstClose
-    let slowEMA = firstClose
-
-    result[0] = { fast: fastEMA, slow: slowEMA }
-
-    for (let i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const close = data[i]!.close
-        fastEMA = close * fastK + fastEMA * (1 - fastK)
-        slowEMA = close * slowK + slowEMA * (1 - slowK)
-        result[i] = { fast: fastEMA, slow: slowEMA }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// ENE 轨道线
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * ENE 数据点
- */
-export interface ENEPoint {
-    upper: number
-    middle: number
-    lower: number
-}
-
-/**
- * 默认 ENE 参数
- */
-export const DEFAULT_ENE_PERIOD = 10
-export const DEFAULT_ENE_DEVIATION = 11
-
-/**
- * 计算 ENE 数据
- * 中轨 = MA(close, N)
- * 上轨 = 中轨 × (1 + M/100)
- * 下轨 = 中轨 × (1 - M/100)
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param period 周期（默认10）
- * @param deviation 偏离率百分比（默认11）
- * @returns 每个索引对应的ENE值，前 period-1 个为 undefined
- */
-export function calcENEData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-    deviation: number
-): ENEPoint[] {
-    const result: ENEPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period) return result
-
-    // 使用滑动窗口计算 MA
-    let sum = 0
-
-    // 初始化第一个窗口
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
-        const item = data[i]
-        if (!item) return result
-        sum += item.close
-    }
-
-    // 第一个有效点
-    const firstMA = sum / period
-    const firstDeviation = deviation / 100
-    result[period - 1] = {
-        upper: firstMA * (1 + firstDeviation),
-        middle: firstMA,
-        lower: firstMA * (1 - firstDeviation),
-    }
-
-    // 滑动计算后续点
-    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const prevItem = data[i - period]
-        const currItem = data[i]
-        if (!prevItem || !currItem) continue
-
-        sum = sum - prevItem.close + currItem.close
-        const ma = sum / period
-        const dev = deviation / 100
-
-        result[i] = {
-            upper: ma * (1 + dev),
-            middle: ma,
-            lower: ma * (1 - dev),
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-/**
- * 计算指定周期的 MA 数据（使用滑动窗口优化，O(n) 复杂度）
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param period MA周期
- * @returns 每个索引对应的MA值，前 period-1 个为 undefined
- */
-export function calcMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period) return result
-
-    // 滑动窗口求和
-    let sum = 0
-
-    // 初始化第一个窗口
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
-        const item = data[i]
-        if (!item) return result
-        sum += item.close
-    }
-
-    // 第一个有效点
-    result[period - 1] = sum / period
-
-    // 滑动计算后续点
-    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const prevItem = data[i - period]
-        const currItem = data[i]
-        if (!prevItem || !currItem) continue
-
-        sum = sum - prevItem.close + currItem.close
-        result[i] = sum / period
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// RSI 相对强弱指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * 默认 RSI 参数
- */
-export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIOD1 = 6
-export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIOD2 = 12
-export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIOD3 = 24
-export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIODS = [6, 12, 24] as const
-
-/**
- * 计算 RSI 数据
- * RSI = 100 - 100 / (1 + RS)
- * RS = 平均上涨幅度 / 平均下跌幅度
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param period RSI周期
- * @returns 每个索引对应的RSI值，前 period+1 个为 undefined（需要 period+1 个数据点计算初始平均）
- */
-export function calcRSIData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period + 1) return result
-
-    // 计算价格变化
-    const changes: number[] = []
-    for (let i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        changes.push(data[i]!.close - data[i - 1]!.close)
-    }
-
-    // 初始化：计算前 period 天的平均涨跌
-    let sumGain = 0
-    let sumLoss = 0
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
-        const change = changes[i]
-        if (change !== undefined) {
-            if (change > 0) sumGain += change
-            else sumLoss += Math.abs(change)
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 第一个 RSI 值
-    let avgGain = sumGain / period
-    let avgLoss = sumLoss / period
-
-    if (avgLoss === 0) {
-        result[period] = 100
-    } else {
-        const rs = avgGain / avgLoss
-        result[period] = 100 - 100 / (1 + rs)
-    }
-
-    // 后续使用平滑计算（Wilder's smoothing）
-    for (let i = period; i < changes.length; i++) {
-        const change = changes[i]
-        if (change === undefined) continue
-
-        if (change > 0) {
-            avgGain = (avgGain * (period - 1) + change) / period
-            avgLoss = (avgLoss * (period - 1)) / period
-        } else {
-            avgGain = (avgGain * (period - 1)) / period
-            avgLoss = (avgLoss * (period - 1) + Math.abs(change)) / period
-        }
-
-        if (avgLoss === 0) {
-            result[i + 1] = 100
-        } else {
-            const rs = avgGain / avgLoss
-            result[i + 1] = 100 - 100 / (1 + rs)
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// CCI 顺势指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_CCI_PERIOD = 14
-
-export function calcCCIData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period) return result
-
-    // 计算 TP (Typical Price) = (H + L + C) / 3
-    const tpValues: number[] = []
-    for (const item of data) {
-        tpValues.push((item.high + item.low + item.close) / 3)
-    }
-
-    // 计算 TP 的 SMA
-    let sum = 0
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
-        sum += tpValues[i]!
-    }
-
-    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        if (i >= period) {
-            sum = sum - tpValues[i - period]! + tpValues[i]!
-        }
-        const sma = sum / period
-
-        // 计算平均绝对偏差
-        let meanDeviation = 0
-        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
-            meanDeviation += Math.abs(tpValues[i - j]! - sma)
-        }
-        meanDeviation /= period
-
-        if (meanDeviation === 0) {
-            result[i] = 0
-        } else {
-            result[i] = (tpValues[i]! - sma) / (0.015 * meanDeviation)
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// STOCH 随机指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_STOCH_N = 9
-export const DEFAULT_STOCH_M = 3
-
-export interface STOCHPoint {
-    k: number
-    d: number
-}
-
-export function calcSTOCHData(data: KLineData[], n: number, m: number): STOCHPoint[] {
-    const result: STOCHPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < n) return result
-
-    // 计算 RSV 和 K
-    const kValues: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    for (let i = n - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        let highest = -Infinity
-        let lowest = Infinity
-
-        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
-            const item = data[i - j]
-            if (!item) continue
-            highest = Math.max(highest, item.high)
-            lowest = Math.min(lowest, item.low)
-        }
-
-        const close = data[i]!.close
-        if (highest === lowest) {
-            kValues[i] = 50
-        } else {
-            kValues[i] = ((close - lowest) / (highest - lowest)) * 100
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 计算 D (K 的 M 日移动平均)
-    for (let i = n - 1 + m - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const k = kValues[i]
-        if (k === undefined) continue
-
-        let sum = 0
-        let validCount = 0
-        for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
-            const kv = kValues[i - j]
-            if (kv !== undefined) {
-                sum += kv
-                validCount++
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (validCount === m) {
-            result[i] = { k, d: sum / m }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// MOM 动量指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_MOM_PERIOD = 10
-
-export function calcMOMData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period + 1) return result
-
-    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const currentClose = data[i]?.close
-        const prevClose = data[i - period]?.close
-
-        if (currentClose !== undefined && prevClose !== undefined) {
-            result[i] = currentClose - prevClose
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// WMSR 威廉指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_WMSR_PERIOD = 14
-
-export function calcWMSRData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period) return result
-
-    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        let highest = -Infinity
-        let lowest = Infinity
-
-        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
-            const item = data[i - j]
-            if (!item) continue
-            highest = Math.max(highest, item.high)
-            lowest = Math.min(lowest, item.low)
-        }
-
-        const close = data[i]!.close
-        if (highest === lowest) {
-            result[i] = -50
-        } else {
-            result[i] = ((highest - close) / (highest - lowest)) * -100
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// KST 确知指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC1 = 10
-export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC2 = 15
-export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC3 = 20
-export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC4 = 30
-export const DEFAULT_KST_SIGNAL = 9
-
-export interface KSTPoint {
-    kst: number
-    signal: number
-}
-
-function calcROCInternal(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period + 1) return result
-
-    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const currentClose = data[i]?.close
-        const prevClose = data[i - period]?.close
-
-        if (currentClose !== undefined && prevClose !== undefined && prevClose !== 0) {
-            result[i] = ((currentClose - prevClose) / prevClose) * 100
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-function calcSMAInternal(data: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    let sum = 0
-    let count = 0
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const val = data[i]
-
-        if (val !== undefined) {
-            sum += val
-            count++
-
-            if (count > period) {
-                const oldVal = data[i - period]
-                if (oldVal !== undefined) {
-                    sum -= oldVal
-                    count--
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (count === period) {
-                result[i] = sum / period
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcKSTData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    roc1: number,
-    roc2: number,
-    roc3: number,
-    roc4: number,
-    signalPeriod: number
-): KSTPoint[] {
-    const result: KSTPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    const roc1Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc1)
-    const roc2Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc2)
-    const roc3Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc3)
-    const roc4Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc4)
-
-    const sma1 = calcSMAInternal(roc1Data, 10)
-    const sma2 = calcSMAInternal(roc2Data, 10)
-    const sma3 = calcSMAInternal(roc3Data, 10)
-    const sma4 = calcSMAInternal(roc4Data, 15)
-
-    const kstValues: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const v1 = sma1[i]
-        const v2 = sma2[i]
-        const v3 = sma3[i]
-        const v4 = sma4[i]
-
-        if (v1 !== undefined && v2 !== undefined && v3 !== undefined && v4 !== undefined) {
-            kstValues[i] = v1 * 1 + v2 * 2 + v3 * 3 + v4 * 4
-        }
-    }
-
-    const signalData = calcSMAInternal(kstValues, signalPeriod)
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const kst = kstValues[i]
-        const signal = signalData[i]
-
-        if (kst !== undefined && signal !== undefined) {
-            result[i] = { kst, signal }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// FASTK 快速随机指标
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_FASTK_PERIOD = 9
-
-export function calcFASTKData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < period) return result
-
-    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        let highest = -Infinity
-        let lowest = Infinity
-
-        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
-            const item = data[i - j]
-            if (!item) continue
-            highest = Math.max(highest, item.high)
-            lowest = Math.min(lowest, item.low)
-        }
-
-        const close = data[i]!.close
-        if (highest === lowest) {
-            result[i] = 50
-        } else {
-            result[i] = ((close - lowest) / (highest - lowest)) * 100
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// MACD 指数平滑异同移动平均线
-// ============================================================================
-
-/**
- * MACD 数据点
- */
-export interface MACDPoint {
-    /** DIF 线值 */
-    dif: number
-    /** DEA 线值 */
-    dea: number
-    /** MACD 柱状图值 */
-    macd: number
-}
-
-/**
- * 默认 MACD 参数
- */
-export const DEFAULT_MACD_FAST_PERIOD = 12
-export const DEFAULT_MACD_SLOW_PERIOD = 26
-export const DEFAULT_MACD_SIGNAL_PERIOD = 9
-
-/**
- * 计算 EMA（指数移动平均）值
- * EMA(today) = close × K + EMA(yesterday) × (1 - K)
- * K = 2 / (period + 1)
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param period 周期
- * @returns EMA 值数组，第一个值使用第一个收盘价
- */
-export function calcEMA(data: KLineData[], period: number): number[] {
-    const result: number[] = new Array(data.length)
-    const k = 2 / (period + 1)
-
-    if (data.length === 0) return result
-
-    // 第一个 EMA 值使用第一个收盘价
-    result[0] = data[0]!.close
-
-    for (let i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const item = data[i]
-        if (!item) continue
-        result[i] = item.close * k + result[i - 1]! * (1 - k)
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-/**
- * 基于数值数组计算 EMA
- * @param values 数值数组（可能包含 undefined）
- * @param period 周期
- * @returns EMA 值数组
- */
-export function calcEMAFromArray(values: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(values.length)
-    const k = 2 / (period + 1)
-
-    const firstValid = values.findIndex(v => v !== undefined)
-    if (firstValid === -1) return result
-
-    result[firstValid] = values[firstValid]
-
-    for (let i = firstValid + 1; i < values.length; i++) {
-        const val = values[i]
-        const prev = result[i - 1]
-        if (val === undefined || prev === undefined) continue
-        result[i] = val * k + prev * (1 - k)
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-/**
- * 计算 MACD 数据
- * DIF = EMA(close, fastPeriod) - EMA(close, slowPeriod)
- * DEA = EMA(DIF, signalPeriod)
- * MACD = (DIF - DEA) × 2
- * @param data K线数据数组
- * @param fastPeriod 快线周期（默认12）
- * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期（默认26）
- * @param signalPeriod 信号线周期（默认9）
- * @returns MACD 数据点数组，前 slowPeriod-1 个可能为 undefined
- */
-export function calcMACDData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    fastPeriod: number,
-    slowPeriod: number,
-    signalPeriod: number
-): MACDPoint[] {
-    const result: MACDPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
-
-    if (data.length < slowPeriod) return result
-
-    // 计算 EMA12 和 EMA26
-    const emaFast = calcEMA(data, fastPeriod)
-    const emaSlow = calcEMA(data, slowPeriod)
-
-    // 计算 DIF
-    const dif: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const fast = emaFast[i]
-        const slow = emaSlow[i]
-        if (fast !== undefined && slow !== undefined) {
-            dif[i] = fast - slow
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 计算 DEA（DIF 的 signalPeriod 日 EMA）
-    const dea = calcEMAFromArray(dif, signalPeriod)
-
-    // 计算 MACD 柱
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-        const d = dif[i]
-        const e = dea[i]
-        if (d !== undefined && e !== undefined) {
-            result[i] = {
-                dif: d,
-                dea: e,
-                macd: (d - e) * 2,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// SoA (Structure of Arrays) 包装函数
-// 用于验证 SoA 数据层与原始 AoS 计算的一致性
-// ============================================================================
-
-import type { KLineSoALayout } from './soa'
-import { SharedKLineBuffer } from './soa'
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 BOLL 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period 周期
- * @param multiplier 标准差倍数
- * @returns BOLL 数据点数组
- */
-export function calcBOLLDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-    multiplier: number
-): BOLLPoint[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcBOLLData(data, period, multiplier)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 EXPMA 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param fastPeriod 快线周期
- * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期
- * @returns EXPMA 数据点数组
- */
-export function calcEXPMADataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    fastPeriod: number,
-    slowPeriod: number
-): EXPMAPoint[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcEXPMAData(data, fastPeriod, slowPeriod)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 ENE 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period 周期
- * @param deviation 偏离率百分比
- * @returns ENE 数据点数组
- */
-export function calcENEDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-    deviation: number
-): ENEPoint[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcENEData(data, period, deviation)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 MA 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period MA周期
- * @returns MA 值数组
- */
-export function calcMADataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcMAData(data, period)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 RSI 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period RSI周期
- * @returns RSI 值数组
- */
-export function calcRSIDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcRSIData(data, period)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 CCI 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period 周期
- * @returns CCI 值数组
- */
-export function calcCCIDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcCCIData(data, period)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 STOCH 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param n RSV周期
- * @param m K的M日移动平均周期
- * @returns STOCH 数据点数组
- */
-export function calcSTOCHDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    n: number,
-    m: number
-): STOCHPoint[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcSTOCHData(data, n, m)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 MOM 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period 周期
- * @returns MOM 值数组
- */
-export function calcMOMDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcMOMData(data, period)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 WMSR 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period 周期
- * @returns WMSR 值数组
- */
-export function calcWMSRDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcWMSRData(data, period)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 KST 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param roc1 第一个ROC周期
- * @param roc2 第二个ROC周期
- * @param roc3 第三个ROC周期
- * @param roc4 第四个ROC周期
- * @param signalPeriod 信号线周期
- * @returns KST 数据点数组
- */
-export function calcKSTDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    roc1: number,
-    roc2: number,
-    roc3: number,
-    roc4: number,
-    signalPeriod: number
-): KSTPoint[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcKSTData(data, roc1, roc2, roc3, roc4, signalPeriod)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 FASTK 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param period 周期
- * @returns FASTK 值数组
- */
-export function calcFASTKDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcFASTKData(data, period)
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 MACD 数据（验证用包装函数）
- * @param layout SoA 布局
- * @param fastPeriod 快线周期
- * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期
- * @param signalPeriod 信号线周期
- * @returns MACD 数据点数组
- */
-export function calcMACDDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    fastPeriod: number,
-    slowPeriod: number,
-    signalPeriod: number
-): MACDPoint[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcMACDData(data, fastPeriod, slowPeriod, signalPeriod)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// ATR — Wilder's Average True Range
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_ATR_PERIOD = 14
-
-/**
- * 计算 Wilder ATR。
- * TR(0) = H(0) - L(0)
- * TR(t) = max(H(t) - L(t), |H(t) - C(t-1)|, |L(t) - C(t-1)|)
- * ATR(period-1) = mean(TR[0..period-1])
- * ATR(t) = ((period-1) * ATR(t-1) + TR(t)) / period  for t >= period
- *
- * @param data K 线数组
- * @param period 周期，需 >= 1；若 <= 0 或 data.length < period，返回全 undefined
- */
-export function calcATRData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
-
-    if (period === 1) {
-        const first = data[0]!
-        result[0] = first.high - first.low
-        let prevClose = first.close
-        for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-            const cur = data[i]!
-            const tr = Math.max(
-                cur.high - cur.low,
-                Math.abs(cur.high - prevClose),
-                Math.abs(cur.low - prevClose),
-            )
-            result[i] = tr
-            prevClose = cur.close
-        }
-        return result
-    }
-
-    if (n < period) return result
-
-    const first = data[0]!
-    let sumTR = first.high - first.low
-    let prevClose = first.close
-
-    for (let i = 1; i < period; i++) {
-        const cur = data[i]!
-        sumTR += Math.max(
-            cur.high - cur.low,
-            Math.abs(cur.high - prevClose),
-            Math.abs(cur.low - prevClose),
-        )
-        prevClose = cur.close
-    }
-
-    let atr = sumTR / period
-    result[period - 1] = atr
-
-    const periodMinusOne = period - 1
-    for (let i = period; i < n; i++) {
-        const cur = data[i]!
-        const tr = Math.max(
-            cur.high - cur.low,
-            Math.abs(cur.high - prevClose),
-            Math.abs(cur.low - prevClose),
-        )
-        atr = (periodMinusOne * atr + tr) / period
-        result[i] = atr
-        prevClose = cur.close
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-/**
- * 从 SoA 布局计算 ATR（包装函数，对齐其他指标的 SoA 入口）
- */
-export function calcATRDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcATRData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// WMA — Weighted Moving Average (linear weights)
-// 权重: w_i = i (i=1..period)，分母 = period*(period+1)/2
-// 滞后 = (period-1)/3 (相比 SMA 更快响应)
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_WMA_PERIOD = 9
-
-function _computeWMAOnNumbers(values: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = values.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
-
-    const denom = (period * (period + 1)) / 2
-
-    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
-        let sw = 0
-        let valid = true
-        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
-            const v = values[t - period + 1 + k]
-            if (v === undefined) {
-                valid = false
-                break
-            }
-            sw += (k + 1) * v
-        }
-        if (valid) result[t] = sw / denom
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcWMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    if (data.length === 0 || period <= 0) {
-        return new Array(data.length).fill(undefined)
-    }
-    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(data.length)
-    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
-    return _computeWMAOnNumbers(closes, period)
-}
-
-export function calcWMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcWMAData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// EMA helper（DEMA / TEMA 复用，沿用 EXPMA 的 first-close seed 习惯）
-// alpha = 2 / (period + 1)
-// ============================================================================
-
-function _computeEMASeries(values: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = values.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
-
-    const alpha = 2 / (period + 1)
-
-    let i = 0
-    while (i < n && values[i] === undefined) i++
-    if (i >= n) return result
-
-    let ema = values[i]!
-    result[i] = ema
-    for (let t = i + 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const v = values[t]
-        if (v === undefined) continue
-        ema = v * alpha + ema * (1 - alpha)
-        result[t] = ema
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// DEMA — Double Exponential Moving Average
-// 公式: DEMA(t) = 2*EMA(t) - EMA(EMA)(t)
-// 性质: 对线性输入零滞后（稳态），warmup ~ 2*(period-1)
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_DEMA_PERIOD = 20
-
-export function calcDEMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
-
-    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
-
-    const ema1 = _computeEMASeries(closes, period)
-    const ema2 = _computeEMASeries(ema1, period)
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        const e1 = ema1[i]
-        const e2 = ema2[i]
-        if (e1 === undefined || e2 === undefined) continue
-        result[i] = 2 * e1 - e2
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcDEMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcDEMAData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// TEMA — Triple Exponential Moving Average
-// 公式: TEMA(t) = 3*EMA(t) - 3*EMA(EMA)(t) + EMA(EMA(EMA))(t)
-// 性质: 对二次多项式输入零滞后（稳态），warmup ~ 3*(period-1)
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_TEMA_PERIOD = 20
-
-export function calcTEMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
-
-    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
-
-    const ema1 = _computeEMASeries(closes, period)
-    const ema2 = _computeEMASeries(ema1, period)
-    const ema3 = _computeEMASeries(ema2, period)
-
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        const e1 = ema1[i]
-        const e2 = ema2[i]
-        const e3 = ema3[i]
-        if (e1 === undefined || e2 === undefined || e3 === undefined) continue
-        result[i] = 3 * e1 - 3 * e2 + e3
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcTEMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcTEMAData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// HMA — Hull Moving Average
-// 公式: HMA(n) = WMA( 2*WMA(close, n/2) - WMA(close, n), sqrt(n) )
-// 性质: 平滑性高于 WMA，滞后远低于同期 SMA
-// warmup ≈ period - 1 + round(sqrt(period)) - 1
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_HMA_PERIOD = 9
-
-export function calcHMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
-
-    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
-
-    const halfPeriod = Math.max(1, Math.floor(period / 2))
-    const sqrtPeriod = Math.max(1, Math.round(Math.sqrt(period)))
-
-    const wmaHalf = _computeWMAOnNumbers(closes, halfPeriod)
-    const wmaFull = _computeWMAOnNumbers(closes, period)
-
-    const raw: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        const h = wmaHalf[i]
-        const f = wmaFull[i]
-        if (h === undefined || f === undefined) continue
-        raw[i] = 2 * h - f
-    }
-    return _computeWMAOnNumbers(raw, sqrtPeriod)
-}
-
-export function calcHMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcHMAData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// KAMA — Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average
-// 自适应：在趋势强时跟得紧（接近 fast EMA），在震荡时跟得慢（接近 slow EMA）。
-// ER (efficiency ratio) = |close[t] - close[t-n]| / sum(|close[i] - close[i-1]|, i=t-n+1..t)
-// SC = (ER * (2/(fast+1) - 2/(slow+1)) + 2/(slow+1))^2
-// KAMA(t) = KAMA(t-1) + SC * (close[t] - KAMA(t-1))
-// 种子 KAMA(n-1) = close[n-1]（或 SMA(n)；这里采用 close 种子以保持与项目内 EMA 系列一致）
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_KAMA_PERIOD = 10
-export const DEFAULT_KAMA_FAST_PERIOD = 2
-export const DEFAULT_KAMA_SLOW_PERIOD = 30
-
-export function calcKAMAData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-    fastPeriod: number,
-    slowPeriod: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || fastPeriod <= 0 || slowPeriod <= 0 || n <= period) return result
-
-    const fastSC = 2 / (fastPeriod + 1)
-    const slowSC = 2 / (slowPeriod + 1)
-    const scRange = fastSC - slowSC
-
-    // 维护滚动求和：sum(|close[i] - close[i-1]|, i=t-period+1..t)
-    let volSum = 0
-    for (let i = 1; i <= period; i++) {
-        volSum += Math.abs(data[i]!.close - data[i - 1]!.close)
-    }
-
-    let kama = data[period - 1]!.close
-    result[period - 1] = kama
-
-    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
-        const close = data[t]!.close
-        const closeNPeriodsAgo = data[t - period]!.close
-        const direction = Math.abs(close - closeNPeriodsAgo)
-
-        const er = volSum > 0 ? direction / volSum : 0
-        const sc = (er * scRange + slowSC) ** 2
-
-        kama = kama + sc * (close - kama)
-        result[t] = kama
-
-        // 滚动 volSum：减去最旧的 |close[t-period+1] - close[t-period]|，加上最新的 |close[t+1] - close[t]|
-        if (t < n - 1) {
-            volSum -= Math.abs(data[t - period + 1]!.close - data[t - period]!.close)
-            volSum += Math.abs(data[t + 1]!.close - data[t]!.close)
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcKAMADataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-    fastPeriod: number,
-    slowPeriod: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcKAMAData(data, period, fastPeriod, slowPeriod)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// SAR — Parabolic Stop and Reverse
-// 经典 Wilder 公式：SAR(t+1) = SAR(t) + AF * (EP - SAR(t))，AF 在每次创出新极端时 +step（上限 maxStep）
-// 趋势翻转条件：上升趋势中 SAR 越过 low（或反之）
-// 种子：从 bar[1] 起，初始 trend=up，SAR=low[0]，EP=high[0]，AF=step
-// 返回每根 K 线对应的 SAR 点（带方向）
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface SARPoint {
-    value: number
-    trend: 'up' | 'down'
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_SAR_STEP = 0.02
-export const DEFAULT_SAR_MAX_STEP = 0.2
-
-export function calcSARData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    step: number,
-    maxStep: number,
-): (SARPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (SARPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n < 2 || step <= 0 || maxStep <= 0) return result
-
-    let trend: 'up' | 'down' = data[1]!.close >= data[0]!.close ? 'up' : 'down'
-    let sar = trend === 'up' ? data[0]!.low : data[0]!.high
-    let ep = trend === 'up' ? data[0]!.high : data[0]!.low
-    let af = step
-
-    result[0] = { value: sar, trend }
-
-    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const bar = data[t]!
-        // 先按当前趋势推进 SAR
-        sar = sar + af * (ep - sar)
-
-        // 边界约束：SAR 不能穿透前两根 K 线的极端
-        if (trend === 'up') {
-            const cap1 = data[t - 1]!.low
-            const cap2 = t >= 2 ? data[t - 2]!.low : cap1
-            sar = Math.min(sar, cap1, cap2)
-        } else {
-            const cap1 = data[t - 1]!.high
-            const cap2 = t >= 2 ? data[t - 2]!.high : cap1
-            sar = Math.max(sar, cap1, cap2)
-        }
-
-        // 检测翻转
-        if (trend === 'up' && bar.low < sar) {
-            trend = 'down'
-            sar = ep
-            ep = bar.low
-            af = step
-        } else if (trend === 'down' && bar.high > sar) {
-            trend = 'up'
-            sar = ep
-            ep = bar.high
-            af = step
-        } else {
-            // 同趋势：更新 EP / AF
-            if (trend === 'up' && bar.high > ep) {
-                ep = bar.high
-                af = Math.min(af + step, maxStep)
-            } else if (trend === 'down' && bar.low < ep) {
-                ep = bar.low
-                af = Math.min(af + step, maxStep)
-            }
-        }
-
-        result[t] = { value: sar, trend }
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcSARDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    step: number,
-    maxStep: number,
-): (SARPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcSARData(data, step, maxStep)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// SuperTrend — ATR-based trend-following stop/band
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface SuperTrendPoint {
-    value: number
-    trend: 'up' | 'down'
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_SUPERTREND_ATR_PERIOD = 10
-export const DEFAULT_SUPERTREND_MULTIPLIER = 3
-
-export function calcSuperTrendData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    atrPeriod: number,
-    multiplier: number,
-): (SuperTrendPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (SuperTrendPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || atrPeriod <= 0 || multiplier <= 0) return result
-
-    const atr = calcATRData(data, atrPeriod)
-
-    let trend: 'up' | 'down' = 'up'
-    let prevUpper = Infinity
-    let prevLower = -Infinity
-
-    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
-        const bar = data[t]!
-        const a = atr[t]
-        if (a === undefined) continue
-
-        const hl2 = (bar.high + bar.low) / 2
-        const upperBasic = hl2 + multiplier * a
-        const lowerBasic = hl2 - multiplier * a
-
-        // Smoothing: keep the previous band unless price has broken through it
-        const prevClose = t > 0 ? data[t - 1]!.close : bar.close
-        const upper = (upperBasic < prevUpper || prevClose > prevUpper) ? upperBasic : prevUpper
-        const lower = (lowerBasic > prevLower || prevClose < prevLower) ? lowerBasic : prevLower
-
-        // Trend update
-        if (trend === 'up' && bar.close < lower) {
-            trend = 'down'
-        } else if (trend === 'down' && bar.close > upper) {
-            trend = 'up'
-        }
-
-        result[t] = { value: trend === 'up' ? lower : upper, trend }
-
-        prevUpper = upper
-        prevLower = lower
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcSuperTrendDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    atrPeriod: number,
-    multiplier: number,
-): (SuperTrendPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcSuperTrendData(data, atrPeriod, multiplier)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Keltner Channel — EMA ± multiplier × ATR
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface KeltnerPoint {
-    upper: number
-    middle: number
-    lower: number
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_KELTNER_EMA_PERIOD = 20
-export const DEFAULT_KELTNER_ATR_PERIOD = 10
-export const DEFAULT_KELTNER_MULTIPLIER = 2
-
-export function calcKeltnerData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    emaPeriod: number,
-    atrPeriod: number,
-    multiplier: number,
-): (KeltnerPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (KeltnerPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || emaPeriod <= 0 || atrPeriod <= 0) return result
-
-    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
-
-    const ema = _computeEMASeries(closes, emaPeriod)
-    const atr = calcATRData(data, atrPeriod)
-
-    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
-        const m = ema[t]
-        const a = atr[t]
-        if (m === undefined || a === undefined) continue
-        result[t] = {
-            upper: m + multiplier * a,
-            middle: m,
-            lower: m - multiplier * a,
-        }
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcKeltnerDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    emaPeriod: number,
-    atrPeriod: number,
-    multiplier: number,
-): (KeltnerPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcKeltnerData(data, emaPeriod, atrPeriod, multiplier)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Donchian Channel — rolling max(high) / min(low) over period
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface DonchianPoint {
-    upper: number
-    middle: number
-    lower: number
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_DONCHIAN_PERIOD = 20
-
-export function calcDonchianData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-): (DonchianPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (DonchianPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
-
-    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
-        let hi = -Infinity
-        let lo = Infinity
-        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
-            const bar = data[t - k]!
-            if (bar.high > hi) hi = bar.high
-            if (bar.low < lo) lo = bar.low
-        }
-        result[t] = { upper: hi, middle: (hi + lo) / 2, lower: lo }
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcDonchianDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-): (DonchianPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcDonchianData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Ichimoku Kinko Hyo — 一目均衡表
-// 5 线 + 云图（spanA/B 前置位移构成）：
-//   tenkan(t) = (max(high[t-tenkanPeriod+1..t]) + min(low[t-tenkanPeriod+1..t])) / 2
-//   kijun(t)  = 同公式但用 kijunPeriod
-//   spanA(t)  = (tenkan(t-displacement) + kijun(t-displacement)) / 2   ← 前置 displacement
-//   spanB(t)  = 用 spanBPeriod 计算后再前置 displacement
-//   chikou(t) = close(t+displacement)                                  ← 后置 displacement
-// 注：不做未来云的延伸（输出长度 = data.length；最后 displacement 根没 spanA/B；前 displacement 根没 chikou）
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface IchimokuPoint {
-    tenkan?: number
-    kijun?: number
-    spanA?: number
-    spanB?: number
-    chikou?: number
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_TENKAN = 9
-export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_KIJUN = 26
-export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_SPAN_B = 52
-export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_DISPLACEMENT = 26
-
-function _rollingMidline(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n < period || period <= 0) return result
-    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
-        let hi = -Infinity
-        let lo = Infinity
-        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
-            const bar = data[t - k]!
-            if (bar.high > hi) hi = bar.high
-            if (bar.low < lo) lo = bar.low
-        }
-        result[t] = (hi + lo) / 2
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcIchimokuData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    tenkanPeriod: number,
-    kijunPeriod: number,
-    spanBPeriod: number,
-    displacement: number,
-): (IchimokuPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (IchimokuPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || tenkanPeriod <= 0 || kijunPeriod <= 0 || spanBPeriod <= 0) return result
-
-    const tenkan = _rollingMidline(data, tenkanPeriod)
-    const kijun = _rollingMidline(data, kijunPeriod)
-    const spanBSource = _rollingMidline(data, spanBPeriod)
-
-    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
-        const point: IchimokuPoint = {}
-        if (tenkan[t] !== undefined) point.tenkan = tenkan[t]
-        if (kijun[t] !== undefined) point.kijun = kijun[t]
-
-        // spanA / spanB 由 displacement 根之前的值填到当前槽位
-        const src = t - displacement
-        if (src >= 0) {
-            if (tenkan[src] !== undefined && kijun[src] !== undefined) {
-                point.spanA = (tenkan[src]! + kijun[src]!) / 2
-            }
-            if (spanBSource[src] !== undefined) {
-                point.spanB = spanBSource[src]
-            }
-        }
-
-        // chikou：当前 close 后置 displacement 根（即存到 t - displacement 槽位上 close[t]）
-        // 这里改成：存当前槽位的 chikou = close[t + displacement]，需 future 数据；不可用时 undefined
-        const future = t + displacement
-        if (future < n) point.chikou = data[future]!.close
-
-        result[t] = point
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcIchimokuDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    tenkanPeriod: number,
-    kijunPeriod: number,
-    spanBPeriod: number,
-    displacement: number,
-): (IchimokuPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcIchimokuData(data, tenkanPeriod, kijunPeriod, spanBPeriod, displacement)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// ROC — Rate of Change
-// ROC(t) = (close[t] - close[t-period]) / close[t-period] * 100
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_ROC_PERIOD = 12
-
-export function calcROCData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
-    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
-        const prev = data[t - period]!.close
-        if (prev === 0) continue
-        result[t] = (data[t]!.close - prev) / prev * 100
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcROCDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcROCData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// TRIX — Triple Exponential Smoothing Oscillator
-// EMA3 = EMA(EMA(EMA(close, p), p), p)
-// TRIX(t) = (EMA3[t] - EMA3[t-1]) / EMA3[t-1] * 100
-// Signal(t) = EMA(TRIX, signalPeriod) —— 配合金叉/死叉
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface TRIXResult {
-    series: (number | undefined)[]
-    signalSeries: (number | undefined)[]
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_TRIX_PERIOD = 15
-export const DEFAULT_TRIX_SIGNAL_PERIOD = 9
-
-export function calcTRIXData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-    signalPeriod: number,
-): TRIXResult {
-    const n = data.length
-    const series: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    const signalSeries: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return { series, signalSeries }
-
-    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
-
-    const ema1 = _computeEMASeries(closes, period)
-    const ema2 = _computeEMASeries(ema1, period)
-    const ema3 = _computeEMASeries(ema2, period)
-
-    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const cur = ema3[t]
-        const prev = ema3[t - 1]
-        if (cur === undefined || prev === undefined || prev === 0) continue
-        series[t] = (cur - prev) / prev * 100
-    }
-
-    if (signalPeriod > 0) {
-        const smoothed = _computeEMASeries(series, signalPeriod)
-        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) signalSeries[i] = smoothed[i]
-    }
-
-    return { series, signalSeries }
-}
-
-export function calcTRIXDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-    signalPeriod: number,
-): TRIXResult {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcTRIXData(data, period, signalPeriod)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// HV — Historical Volatility (close-to-close log returns)
-// HV(t) = stdDev(log(close[i]/close[i-1]), i=t-period+1..t) * sqrt(annualization)
-// 输出年化波动率（百分比形式 × 100）
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_HV_PERIOD = 20
-export const DEFAULT_HV_ANNUALIZATION = 252
-
-export function calcHVData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-    annualizationFactor: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n < 2 || period <= 0 || annualizationFactor <= 0) return result
-
-    const logReturns: number[] = new Array(n)
-    logReturns[0] = 0
-    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const prev = data[t - 1]!.close
-        const cur = data[t]!.close
-        logReturns[t] = (prev > 0 && cur > 0) ? Math.log(cur / prev) : 0
-    }
-
-    const annScale = Math.sqrt(annualizationFactor)
-    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
-        let sum = 0
-        for (let k = 1; k <= period; k++) sum += logReturns[t - period + k]!
-        const mean = sum / period
-        let varSum = 0
-        for (let k = 1; k <= period; k++) {
-            const diff = logReturns[t - period + k]! - mean
-            varSum += diff * diff
-        }
-        const std = Math.sqrt(varSum / (period - 1 > 0 ? period - 1 : 1))
-        result[t] = std * annScale * 100
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcHVDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-    annualizationFactor: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcHVData(data, period, annualizationFactor)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Parkinson Volatility — high-low range volatility
-// PV(t) = sqrt(  (1/(4*ln(2))) * mean(ln(high[i]/low[i])^2) * annualization  ) * 100
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_PARKINSON_PERIOD = 20
-export const DEFAULT_PARKINSON_ANNUALIZATION = 252
-
-export function calcParkinsonData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    period: number,
-    annualizationFactor: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || annualizationFactor <= 0 || n < period) return result
-
-    const factor = 1 / (4 * Math.log(2))
-    const annScale = Math.sqrt(annualizationFactor)
-
-    const hlLogSq: number[] = new Array(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        const bar = data[i]!
-        if (bar.high > 0 && bar.low > 0) {
-            const ln = Math.log(bar.high / bar.low)
-            hlLogSq[i] = ln * ln
-        } else {
-            hlLogSq[i] = 0
-        }
-    }
-
-    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
-        let sum = 0
-        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) sum += hlLogSq[t - k]!
-        const mean = sum / period
-        result[t] = Math.sqrt(factor * mean) * annScale * 100
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcParkinsonDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    period: number,
-    annualizationFactor: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcParkinsonData(data, period, annualizationFactor)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Chaikin Volatility — EMA(high-low) 的 ROC
-// ChaikinVol(t) = (EMA(H-L, p)[t] - EMA(H-L, p)[t-rocPeriod]) / EMA(H-L, p)[t-rocPeriod] * 100
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_CHAIKIN_VOL_EMA_PERIOD = 10
-export const DEFAULT_CHAIKIN_VOL_ROC_PERIOD = 10
-
-export function calcChaikinVolData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    emaPeriod: number,
-    rocPeriod: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || emaPeriod <= 0 || rocPeriod <= 0) return result
-
-    const hl: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) hl[i] = data[i]!.high - data[i]!.low
-
-    const emaSeries = _computeEMASeries(hl, emaPeriod)
-
-    for (let t = rocPeriod; t < n; t++) {
-        const cur = emaSeries[t]
-        const prev = emaSeries[t - rocPeriod]
-        if (cur === undefined || prev === undefined || prev === 0) continue
-        result[t] = (cur - prev) / prev * 100
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcChaikinVolDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    emaPeriod: number,
-    rocPeriod: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcChaikinVolData(data, emaPeriod, rocPeriod)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// VMA — Volume Moving Average (SMA of volume)
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_VMA_PERIOD = 5
-
-export function calcVMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
-    let sum = 0
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) sum += data[i]!.volume ?? 0
-    result[period - 1] = sum / period
-    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
-        sum += (data[t]!.volume ?? 0) - (data[t - period]!.volume ?? 0)
-        result[t] = sum / period
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcVMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcVMAData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// OBV — On Balance Volume (cumulative)
-// close[t] > close[t-1] → OBV += volume[t]
-// close[t] < close[t-1] → OBV -= volume[t]
-// else → OBV unchanged
-// ============================================================================
-
-export function calcOBVData(data: KLineData[]): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0) return result
-    let obv = 0
-    result[0] = 0
-    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const cur = data[t]!
-        const prev = data[t - 1]!
-        if (cur.close > prev.close) obv += cur.volume ?? 0
-        else if (cur.close < prev.close) obv -= cur.volume ?? 0
-        result[t] = obv
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcOBVDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcOBVData(data)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// PVT — Price Volume Trend (cumulative)
-// PVT(t) = PVT(t-1) + ((close[t] - close[t-1]) / close[t-1]) * volume[t]
-// ============================================================================
-
-export function calcPVTData(data: KLineData[]): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0) return result
-    let pvt = 0
-    result[0] = 0
-    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const prevClose = data[t - 1]!.close
-        if (prevClose === 0) {
-            result[t] = pvt
-            continue
-        }
-        pvt += ((data[t]!.close - prevClose) / prevClose) * (data[t]!.volume ?? 0)
-        result[t] = pvt
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcPVTDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcPVTData(data)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// VWAP — Volume-Weighted Average Price
-// VWAP(t) = sum_{i in session} TP(i) * V(i) / sum_{i in session} V(i)
-// where TP(i) = (H+L+C)/3 (typical price)
-// Session reset: if sessionResetGapMs > 0, reset cumulative sums when the gap
-// between consecutive bar timestamps exceeds this value (e.g., overnight)
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_VWAP_SESSION_GAP_MS = 0
-
-export function calcVWAPData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    sessionResetGapMs: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0) return result
-
-    let cumPV = 0
-    let cumV = 0
-    let prevTs = data[0]!.timestamp
-
-    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
-        const bar = data[t]!
-        if (sessionResetGapMs > 0 && t > 0 && bar.timestamp - prevTs > sessionResetGapMs) {
-            cumPV = 0
-            cumV = 0
-        }
-        const tp = (bar.high + bar.low + bar.close) / 3
-        cumPV += tp * (bar.volume ?? 0)
-        cumV += bar.volume ?? 0
-        result[t] = cumV > 0 ? cumPV / cumV : tp
-        prevTs = bar.timestamp
-    }
-
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcVWAPDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    sessionResetGapMs: number,
-): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcVWAPData(data, sessionResetGapMs)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// CMF — Chaikin Money Flow
-// MFM = ((C-L) - (H-C)) / (H-L)   ∈ [-1, 1]
-// MFV = MFM * Volume
-// CMF(t) = sum(MFV[t-period+1..t]) / sum(Volume[t-period+1..t])  ∈ [-1, 1]
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_CMF_PERIOD = 20
-
-export function calcCMFData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
-
-    const mfv: number[] = new Array(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        const bar = data[i]!
-        const range = bar.high - bar.low
-        const mfm = range > 0 ? ((bar.close - bar.low) - (bar.high - bar.close)) / range : 0
-        mfv[i] = mfm * (bar.volume ?? 0)
-    }
-
-    let sumMFV = 0
-    let sumV = 0
-    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
-        sumMFV += mfv[i]!
-        sumV += data[i]!.volume ?? 0
-    }
-    result[period - 1] = sumV > 0 ? sumMFV / sumV : 0
-
-    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
-        sumMFV += mfv[t]! - mfv[t - period]!
-        sumV += (data[t]!.volume ?? 0) - (data[t - period]!.volume ?? 0)
-        result[t] = sumV > 0 ? sumMFV / sumV : 0
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcCMFDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcCMFData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// MFI — Money Flow Index
-// TP = (H+L+C)/3, RMF = TP * Volume
-// PMF = sum of RMF where TP > TP[-1]; NMF = sum where TP < TP[-1]
-// MFR = PMF / NMF; MFI = 100 - 100 / (1 + MFR)   ∈ [0, 100]
-// ============================================================================
-
-export const DEFAULT_MFI_PERIOD = 14
-
-export function calcMFIData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n < period + 1 || period <= 0) return result
-
-    const tp: number[] = new Array(n)
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) tp[i] = (data[i]!.high + data[i]!.low + data[i]!.close) / 3
-
-    // Pre-classified positive/negative money flow per bar
-    const pmfArr: number[] = new Array(n)
-    const nmfArr: number[] = new Array(n)
-    pmfArr[0] = 0
-    nmfArr[0] = 0
-    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
-        const rmf = tp[i]! * (data[i]!.volume ?? 0)
-        if (tp[i]! > tp[i - 1]!) {
-            pmfArr[i] = rmf
-            nmfArr[i] = 0
-        } else if (tp[i]! < tp[i - 1]!) {
-            pmfArr[i] = 0
-            nmfArr[i] = rmf
-        } else {
-            pmfArr[i] = 0
-            nmfArr[i] = 0
-        }
-    }
-
-    let pSum = 0
-    let nSum = 0
-    for (let i = 1; i <= period; i++) {
-        pSum += pmfArr[i]!
-        nSum += nmfArr[i]!
-    }
-    result[period] = nSum > 0 ? 100 - 100 / (1 + pSum / nSum) : 100
-
-    for (let t = period + 1; t < n; t++) {
-        pSum += pmfArr[t]! - pmfArr[t - period]!
-        nSum += nmfArr[t]! - nmfArr[t - period]!
-        result[t] = nSum > 0 ? 100 - 100 / (1 + pSum / nSum) : 100
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcMFIDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcMFIData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Pivot Points — Classic floor-trader pivots from prior bar's HLC
-// PP = (H + L + C) / 3
-// R1 = 2·PP - L; S1 = 2·PP - H
-// R2 = PP + (H - L); S2 = PP - (H - L)
-// R3 = H + 2·(PP - L); S3 = L - 2·(H - PP)
-// Each bar t (t >= 1) shows pivots derived from bar[t-1]'s HLC.
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface PivotPoint {
-    pp: number
-    r1: number
-    r2: number
-    r3: number
-    s1: number
-    s2: number
-    s3: number
-}
-
-export function calcPivotData(data: KLineData[]): (PivotPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (PivotPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n < 2) return result
-    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
-        const p = data[t - 1]!
-        const pp = (p.high + p.low + p.close) / 3
-        const range = p.high - p.low
-        result[t] = {
-            pp,
-            r1: 2 * pp - p.low,
-            s1: 2 * pp - p.high,
-            r2: pp + range,
-            s2: pp - range,
-            r3: p.high + 2 * (pp - p.low),
-            s3: p.low - 2 * (p.high - pp),
-        }
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcPivotDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout): (PivotPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcPivotData(data)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Fibonacci Retracement — anchored to rolling-window high/low
-// Window = last `period` bars. High = max(high), Low = min(low).
-// Direction = 'up' if the most recent extreme is the high (price moved up);
-// 'down' otherwise. Retracement levels computed accordingly.
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface FibPoint {
-    high: number
-    low: number
-    direction: 'up' | 'down'
-    level236: number
-    level382: number
-    level500: number
-    level618: number
-    level786: number
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_FIB_PERIOD = 50
-
-export function calcFibData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (FibPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    const result: (FibPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
-    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
-
-    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
-        let hi = -Infinity
-        let lo = Infinity
-        let hiIdx = t
-        let loIdx = t
-        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
-            const bar = data[t - k]!
-            if (bar.high > hi) { hi = bar.high; hiIdx = t - k }
-            if (bar.low < lo) { lo = bar.low; loIdx = t - k }
-        }
-        const direction: 'up' | 'down' = hiIdx >= loIdx ? 'up' : 'down'
-        const range = hi - lo
-        // For uptrend retracements: 0% at high, 100% at low; price retraces FROM high TOWARD low
-        // For downtrend: 0% at low, 100% at high
-        const level = (frac: number) =>
-            direction === 'up' ? hi - range * frac : lo + range * frac
-        result[t] = {
-            high: hi,
-            low: lo,
-            direction,
-            level236: level(0.236),
-            level382: level(0.382),
-            level500: level(0.5),
-            level618: level(0.618),
-            level786: level(0.786),
-        }
-    }
-    return result
-}
-
-export function calcFibDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (FibPoint | undefined)[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcFibData(data, period)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// SMC Structure — Swing detection + BOS / CHOCH events
-// Window-based swing fractal (default left=right=2 = Bill Williams fractal).
-// Swing confirmed when right-window bars have closed after the extremum.
-// Trend state machine: HH+HL = up, LL+LH = down, mixed = range.
-// BOS = continuation break (close > last HH in up trend, or < last LL in down trend).
-// CHOCH = reversal break (against current trend).
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface SwingPoint {
-    index: number
-    price: number
-    kind: 'high' | 'low'
-    label: 'HH' | 'HL' | 'LH' | 'LL'
-    confirmed: boolean
-}
-
-export type StructureEventKind = 'BOS' | 'CHOCH'
-
-export interface StructureEvent {
-    kind: StructureEventKind
-    index: number
-    triggerPrice: number
-    brokenLevel: number
-    brokenSwingIndex: number
-    direction: 'up' | 'down'
-}
-
-export interface StructureSnapshot {
-    swings: SwingPoint[]
-    events: StructureEvent[]
-    trend: 'up' | 'down' | 'range'
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_STRUCTURE_LEFT = 2
-export const DEFAULT_STRUCTURE_RIGHT = 2
-
-export function calcStructureData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    leftWindow: number,
-    rightWindow: number,
-    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
-): StructureSnapshot {
-    const n = data.length
-    if (n === 0 || leftWindow < 0 || rightWindow < 0) {
-        return { swings: [], events: [], trend: 'range' }
-    }
-
-    const rawSwings: { index: number; price: number; kind: 'high' | 'low'; confirmed: boolean }[] = []
-    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        const bar = data[i]!
-        if (isExtremum(data, i, leftWindow, rightWindow, 'high')) {
-            rawSwings.push({ index: i, price: bar.high, kind: 'high', confirmed: i + rightWindow < n })
-        }
-        if (isExtremum(data, i, leftWindow, rightWindow, 'low')) {
-            rawSwings.push({ index: i, price: bar.low, kind: 'low', confirmed: i + rightWindow < n })
-        }
-    }
-    rawSwings.sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index)
-
-    const swings: SwingPoint[] = []
-    let lastHigh: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
-    let lastLow: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
-    for (const s of rawSwings) {
-        let label: 'HH' | 'HL' | 'LH' | 'LL'
-        if (s.kind === 'high') {
-            label = lastHigh && s.price > lastHigh.price ? 'HH' : 'LH'
-            lastHigh = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
-        } else {
-            label = lastLow && s.price > lastLow.price ? 'HL' : 'LL'
-            lastLow = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
-        }
-        swings.push({ ...s, label })
-    }
-
-    const events: StructureEvent[] = []
-    let trend: 'up' | 'down' | 'range' = 'range'
-    let lastSwingHigh: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
-    let lastSwingLow: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
-    const confirmedSwings = swings.filter((s) => s.confirmed)
-    let swingCursor = 0
-
-    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
-        while (swingCursor < confirmedSwings.length && confirmedSwings[swingCursor]!.index + rightWindow <= t) {
-            const s = confirmedSwings[swingCursor]!
-            if (s.kind === 'high') lastSwingHigh = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
-            else lastSwingLow = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
-            swingCursor++
-        }
-
-        const bar = data[t]!
-        const upBreakPrice = breakoutSource === 'close' ? bar.close : bar.high
-        const downBreakPrice = breakoutSource === 'close' ? bar.close : bar.low
-
-        if (lastSwingHigh && upBreakPrice > lastSwingHigh.price) {
-            const kind: StructureEventKind = trend === 'down' ? 'CHOCH' : 'BOS'
-            events.push({
-                kind,
-                index: t,
-                triggerPrice: upBreakPrice,
-                brokenLevel: lastSwingHigh.price,
-                brokenSwingIndex: lastSwingHigh.index,
-                direction: 'up',
-            })
-            trend = 'up'
-            lastSwingHigh = null
-        } else if (lastSwingLow && downBreakPrice < lastSwingLow.price) {
-            const kind: StructureEventKind = trend === 'up' ? 'CHOCH' : 'BOS'
-            events.push({
-                kind,
-                index: t,
-                triggerPrice: downBreakPrice,
-                brokenLevel: lastSwingLow.price,
-                brokenSwingIndex: lastSwingLow.index,
-                direction: 'down',
-            })
-            trend = 'down'
-            lastSwingLow = null
-        }
-    }
-
-    return { swings, events, trend }
-}
-
-function isExtremum(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    i: number,
-    left: number,
-    right: number,
-    kind: 'high' | 'low',
-): boolean {
-    const n = data.length
-    if (i < left || i + right >= n) return false
-    const center = kind === 'high' ? data[i]!.high : data[i]!.low
-    for (let k = 1; k <= left; k++) {
-        const v = kind === 'high' ? data[i - k]!.high : data[i - k]!.low
-        if (kind === 'high' ? v >= center : v <= center) return false
-    }
-    for (let k = 1; k <= right; k++) {
-        const v = kind === 'high' ? data[i + k]!.high : data[i + k]!.low
-        if (kind === 'high' ? v >= center : v <= center) return false
-    }
-    return true
-}
-
-export function calcStructureDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    leftWindow: number,
-    rightWindow: number,
-    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
-): StructureSnapshot {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcStructureData(data, leftWindow, rightWindow, breakoutSource)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// SMC Zones — FVG (Fair Value Gap) + Order Blocks
-// FVG (3-bar pattern):
-//   Bullish FVG: bar[t-2].high < bar[t].low → gap zone [bar[t-2].high, bar[t].low] anchored at bar[t-1]
-//   Bearish FVG: bar[t-2].low > bar[t].high → gap zone [bar[t].high, bar[t-2].low] anchored at bar[t-1]
-//   Zone is "filled" (endIndex set) when price re-enters it.
-// Order Blocks:
-//   Computed in conjunction with BOS events from calcStructureData.
-//   Bullish OB = last bearish candle (close < open) within obLookback bars before an upward BOS.
-//   Bearish OB = last bullish candle (close > open) within obLookback bars before a downward BOS.
-//   Mitigated (endIndex set) when price returns into the candle's range.
-// ============================================================================
-
-export type ZoneKind = 'FVG_BULL' | 'FVG_BEAR' | 'OB_BULL' | 'OB_BEAR'
-
-export interface Zone {
-    kind: ZoneKind
-    startIndex: number
-    endIndex?: number
-    high: number
-    low: number
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_ZONES_OB_LOOKBACK = 5
-
-export function calcZonesData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    obLookback: number,
-    structureLeftWindow: number,
-    structureRightWindow: number,
-    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
-): Zone[] {
-    const n = data.length
-    if (n < 3) return []
-    const zones: Zone[] = []
-
-    // 1. Detect FVGs
-    for (let t = 2; t < n; t++) {
-        const a = data[t - 2]!
-        const c = data[t]!
-        // Bullish FVG: a.high < c.low → gap
-        if (a.high < c.low) {
-            zones.push({
-                kind: 'FVG_BULL',
-                startIndex: t - 1,
-                high: c.low,
-                low: a.high,
-            })
-        }
-        // Bearish FVG: a.low > c.high → gap
-        if (a.low > c.high) {
-            zones.push({
-                kind: 'FVG_BEAR',
-                startIndex: t - 1,
-                high: a.low,
-                low: c.high,
-            })
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 2. Detect Order Blocks using structure BOS events
-    const struct = calcStructureData(data, structureLeftWindow, structureRightWindow, breakoutSource)
-    for (const ev of struct.events) {
-        if (ev.kind !== 'BOS') continue
-        // Look back obLookback bars for the OB candle
-        const start = Math.max(0, ev.index - obLookback)
-        if (ev.direction === 'up') {
-            // Bullish OB: latest bearish candle (close < open) in [start, ev.index)
-            for (let k = ev.index - 1; k >= start; k--) {
-                const bar = data[k]!
-                if (bar.close < bar.open) {
-                    zones.push({ kind: 'OB_BULL', startIndex: k, high: bar.high, low: bar.low })
-                    break
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Bearish OB: latest bullish candle (close > open) in [start, ev.index)
-            for (let k = ev.index - 1; k >= start; k--) {
-                const bar = data[k]!
-                if (bar.close > bar.open) {
-                    zones.push({ kind: 'OB_BEAR', startIndex: k, high: bar.high, low: bar.low })
-                    break
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 3. Mark zones as filled when price re-enters their range
-    for (const zone of zones) {
-        for (let t = zone.startIndex + 1; t < n; t++) {
-            const bar = data[t]!
-            // Zone is touched if the bar overlaps the zone's [low, high]
-            if (bar.low <= zone.high && bar.high >= zone.low) {
-                zone.endIndex = t
-                break
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return zones
-}
-
-export function calcZonesDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    obLookback: number,
-    structureLeftWindow: number,
-    structureRightWindow: number,
-    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
-): Zone[] {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcZonesData(data, obLookback, structureLeftWindow, structureRightWindow, breakoutSource)
-}
-
-// ============================================================================
-// Volume Profile — price-bin volume distribution
-// For each bar, volume is distributed uniformly across [low, high] into bins.
-// Outputs: bins[], POC (max-volume bin center), VAH/VAL (value area boundaries).
-// Value area = contiguous bins around POC summing to valueAreaPercent of total V.
-// ============================================================================
-
-export interface VolumeProfileBin {
-    priceLow: number
-    priceHigh: number
-    volume: number
-}
-
-export interface VolumeProfileResult {
-    bins: VolumeProfileBin[]
-    poc: number
-    vah: number
-    val: number
-    totalVolume: number
-}
-
-export const DEFAULT_VP_BINS = 24
-export const DEFAULT_VP_LOOKBACK = 0
-export const DEFAULT_VP_VALUE_AREA = 0.7
-
-export function calcVolumeProfileData(
-    data: KLineData[],
-    bins: number,
-    lookback: number,
-    valueAreaPercent: number,
-): VolumeProfileResult {
-    const n = data.length
-    if (n === 0 || bins <= 0) {
-        return { bins: [], poc: 0, vah: 0, val: 0, totalVolume: 0 }
-    }
-
-    const startIdx = lookback > 0 ? Math.max(0, n - lookback) : 0
-    let priceMin = Infinity
-    let priceMax = -Infinity
-    for (let i = startIdx; i < n; i++) {
-        const bar = data[i]!
-        if (bar.low < priceMin) priceMin = bar.low
-        if (bar.high > priceMax) priceMax = bar.high
-    }
-    if (!Number.isFinite(priceMin) || !Number.isFinite(priceMax) || priceMax <= priceMin) {
-        return { bins: [], poc: priceMin, vah: priceMin, val: priceMin, totalVolume: 0 }
-    }
-
-    const binWidth = (priceMax - priceMin) / bins
-    const binVolumes: number[] = new Array(bins).fill(0)
-
-    // Distribute each bar's volume uniformly across the bins its [low, high] covers
-    for (let i = startIdx; i < n; i++) {
-        const bar = data[i]!
-        const barRange = bar.high - bar.low
-        if (barRange <= 0) {
-            const binIdx = Math.min(bins - 1, Math.max(0, Math.floor((bar.close - priceMin) / binWidth)))
-            binVolumes[binIdx]! += bar.volume ?? 0
-            continue
-        }
-        const volPerPrice = (bar.volume ?? 0) / barRange
-        const startBin = Math.max(0, Math.floor((bar.low - priceMin) / binWidth))
-        const endBin = Math.min(bins - 1, Math.floor((bar.high - priceMin) / binWidth))
-        for (let b = startBin; b <= endBin; b++) {
-            const binLow = priceMin + b * binWidth
-            const binHigh = binLow + binWidth
-            const overlapLow = Math.max(bar.low, binLow)
-            const overlapHigh = Math.min(bar.high, binHigh)
-            const overlap = overlapHigh - overlapLow
-            if (overlap > 0) {
-                binVolumes[b]! += overlap * volPerPrice
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    const binsArr: VolumeProfileBin[] = binVolumes.map((v, b) => ({
-        priceLow: priceMin + b * binWidth,
-        priceHigh: priceMin + (b + 1) * binWidth,
-        volume: v,
-    }))
-
-    // POC = max-volume bin center
-    let pocBinIdx = 0
-    for (let b = 1; b < bins; b++) {
-        if (binVolumes[b]! > binVolumes[pocBinIdx]!) pocBinIdx = b
-    }
-    const poc = (binsArr[pocBinIdx]!.priceLow + binsArr[pocBinIdx]!.priceHigh) / 2
-
-    const totalVolume = binVolumes.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
-
-    // Value Area: expand outward from POC until cumulative volume >= valueAreaPercent of total
-    const target = totalVolume * valueAreaPercent
-    let acc = binVolumes[pocBinIdx]!
-    let lo = pocBinIdx
-    let hi = pocBinIdx
-    while (acc < target && (lo > 0 || hi < bins - 1)) {
-        const loCand = lo > 0 ? binVolumes[lo - 1]! : -Infinity
-        const hiCand = hi < bins - 1 ? binVolumes[hi + 1]! : -Infinity
-        if (loCand >= hiCand && lo > 0) {
-            lo--
-            acc += binVolumes[lo]!
-        } else if (hi < bins - 1) {
-            hi++
-            acc += binVolumes[hi]!
-        } else {
-            break
-        }
-    }
-    const val = binsArr[lo]!.priceLow
-    const vah = binsArr[hi]!.priceHigh
-
-    return { bins: binsArr, poc, vah, val, totalVolume }
-}
-
-export function calcVolumeProfileDataSoA(
-    layout: KLineSoALayout,
-    bins: number,
-    lookback: number,
-    valueAreaPercent: number,
-): VolumeProfileResult {
-    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
-    return calcVolumeProfileData(data, bins, lookback, valueAreaPercent)
-}
+import type { KLineData } from '../../types/price'
+
+/**
+ * MA 周期配置标志
+ */
+export type MAFlags = {
+    ma5?: boolean
+    ma10?: boolean
+    ma20?: boolean
+    ma30?: boolean
+    ma60?: boolean
+}
+
+/**
+ * 默认 MA 周期列表
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_MA_PERIODS = [5, 10, 20, 30, 60] as const
+
+// ============================================================================
+// BOLL 布林带
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * BOLL 数据点
+ */
+export interface BOLLPoint {
+    upper: number
+    middle: number
+    lower: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * 默认 BOLL 参数
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_BOLL_PERIOD = 20
+export const DEFAULT_BOLL_MULTIPLIER = 2
+
+/**
+ * 计算 BOLL 数据（使用滑动窗口优化）
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param period 周期（默认20）
+ * @param multiplier 标准差倍数（默认2）
+ * @returns 每个索引对应的BOLL值，前 period-1 个为 undefined
+ */
+export function calcBOLLData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+    multiplier: number
+): BOLLPoint[] {
+    const result: BOLLPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period) return result
+
+    // 使用滑动窗口计算，避免重复求和
+    let sum = 0
+    const window: number[] = []
+
+    // 初始化第一个窗口
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
+        const item = data[i]
+        if (!item) return result
+        const close = item.close
+        window.push(close)
+        sum += close
+    }
+
+    // 计算每个点的 BOLL
+    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const item = data[i]
+        if (!item) continue
+
+        // 更新窗口求和
+        if (i >= period) {
+            const oldVal = window.shift()
+            if (oldVal !== undefined) sum -= oldVal
+            const close = item.close
+            window.push(close)
+            sum += close
+        }
+
+        const ma = sum / period
+
+        // 计算标准差
+        let variance = 0
+        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
+            const wVal = window[j]
+            if (wVal !== undefined) {
+                variance += Math.pow(wVal - ma, 2)
+            }
+        }
+        const stdDev = Math.sqrt(variance / period)
+
+        result[i] = {
+            upper: ma + multiplier * stdDev,
+            middle: ma,
+            lower: ma - multiplier * stdDev,
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// EXPMA 指数平滑移动平均线
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * EXPMA 数据点
+ */
+export interface EXPMAPoint {
+    fast: number
+    slow: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * 默认 EXPMA 参数
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_EXPMA_FAST_PERIOD = 12
+export const DEFAULT_EXPMA_SLOW_PERIOD = 50
+
+/**
+ * 计算 EXPMA 数据
+ * 公式：EXPMA(i) = C(i) × K + EXPMA(i-1) × (1-K)，K = 2/(N+1)
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param fastPeriod 快线周期（默认12）
+ * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期（默认50）
+ * @returns 每个索引对应的EXPMA值（从 index 0 开始有值）
+ */
+export function calcEXPMAData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    fastPeriod: number,
+    slowPeriod: number
+): EXPMAPoint[] {
+    const result: EXPMAPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length === 0) return result
+
+    const fastK = 2 / (fastPeriod + 1)
+    const slowK = 2 / (slowPeriod + 1)
+
+    // 第一个点的 EXPMA 等于第一天的收盘价
+    const firstClose = data[0]!.close
+    let fastEMA = firstClose
+    let slowEMA = firstClose
+
+    result[0] = { fast: fastEMA, slow: slowEMA }
+
+    for (let i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const close = data[i]!.close
+        fastEMA = close * fastK + fastEMA * (1 - fastK)
+        slowEMA = close * slowK + slowEMA * (1 - slowK)
+        result[i] = { fast: fastEMA, slow: slowEMA }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ENE 轨道线
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * ENE 数据点
+ */
+export interface ENEPoint {
+    upper: number
+    middle: number
+    lower: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * 默认 ENE 参数
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_ENE_PERIOD = 10
+export const DEFAULT_ENE_DEVIATION = 11
+
+/**
+ * 计算 ENE 数据
+ * 中轨 = MA(close, N)
+ * 上轨 = 中轨 × (1 + M/100)
+ * 下轨 = 中轨 × (1 - M/100)
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param period 周期（默认10）
+ * @param deviation 偏离率百分比（默认11）
+ * @returns 每个索引对应的ENE值，前 period-1 个为 undefined
+ */
+export function calcENEData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+    deviation: number
+): ENEPoint[] {
+    const result: ENEPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period) return result
+
+    // 使用滑动窗口计算 MA
+    let sum = 0
+
+    // 初始化第一个窗口
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
+        const item = data[i]
+        if (!item) return result
+        sum += item.close
+    }
+
+    // 第一个有效点
+    const firstMA = sum / period
+    const firstDeviation = deviation / 100
+    result[period - 1] = {
+        upper: firstMA * (1 + firstDeviation),
+        middle: firstMA,
+        lower: firstMA * (1 - firstDeviation),
+    }
+
+    // 滑动计算后续点
+    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const prevItem = data[i - period]
+        const currItem = data[i]
+        if (!prevItem || !currItem) continue
+
+        sum = sum - prevItem.close + currItem.close
+        const ma = sum / period
+        const dev = deviation / 100
+
+        result[i] = {
+            upper: ma * (1 + dev),
+            middle: ma,
+            lower: ma * (1 - dev),
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * 计算指定周期的 MA 数据（使用滑动窗口优化，O(n) 复杂度）
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param period MA周期
+ * @returns 每个索引对应的MA值，前 period-1 个为 undefined
+ */
+export function calcMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period) return result
+
+    // 滑动窗口求和
+    let sum = 0
+
+    // 初始化第一个窗口
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
+        const item = data[i]
+        if (!item) return result
+        sum += item.close
+    }
+
+    // 第一个有效点
+    result[period - 1] = sum / period
+
+    // 滑动计算后续点
+    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const prevItem = data[i - period]
+        const currItem = data[i]
+        if (!prevItem || !currItem) continue
+
+        sum = sum - prevItem.close + currItem.close
+        result[i] = sum / period
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// RSI 相对强弱指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * 默认 RSI 参数
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIOD1 = 6
+export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIOD2 = 12
+export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIOD3 = 24
+export const DEFAULT_RSI_PERIODS = [6, 12, 24] as const
+
+/**
+ * 计算 RSI 数据
+ * RSI = 100 - 100 / (1 + RS)
+ * RS = 平均上涨幅度 / 平均下跌幅度
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param period RSI周期
+ * @returns 每个索引对应的RSI值，前 period+1 个为 undefined（需要 period+1 个数据点计算初始平均）
+ */
+export function calcRSIData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period + 1) return result
+
+    // 计算价格变化
+    const changes: number[] = []
+    for (let i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        changes.push(data[i]!.close - data[i - 1]!.close)
+    }
+
+    // 初始化：计算前 period 天的平均涨跌
+    let sumGain = 0
+    let sumLoss = 0
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
+        const change = changes[i]
+        if (change !== undefined) {
+            if (change > 0) sumGain += change
+            else sumLoss += Math.abs(change)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 第一个 RSI 值
+    let avgGain = sumGain / period
+    let avgLoss = sumLoss / period
+
+    if (avgLoss === 0) {
+        result[period] = 100
+    } else {
+        const rs = avgGain / avgLoss
+        result[period] = 100 - 100 / (1 + rs)
+    }
+
+    // 后续使用平滑计算（Wilder's smoothing）
+    for (let i = period; i < changes.length; i++) {
+        const change = changes[i]
+        if (change === undefined) continue
+
+        if (change > 0) {
+            avgGain = (avgGain * (period - 1) + change) / period
+            avgLoss = (avgLoss * (period - 1)) / period
+        } else {
+            avgGain = (avgGain * (period - 1)) / period
+            avgLoss = (avgLoss * (period - 1) + Math.abs(change)) / period
+        }
+
+        if (avgLoss === 0) {
+            result[i + 1] = 100
+        } else {
+            const rs = avgGain / avgLoss
+            result[i + 1] = 100 - 100 / (1 + rs)
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// CCI 顺势指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_CCI_PERIOD = 14
+
+export function calcCCIData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period) return result
+
+    // 计算 TP (Typical Price) = (H + L + C) / 3
+    const tpValues: number[] = []
+    for (const item of data) {
+        tpValues.push((item.high + item.low + item.close) / 3)
+    }
+
+    // 计算 TP 的 SMA
+    let sum = 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
+        sum += tpValues[i]!
+    }
+
+    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        if (i >= period) {
+            sum = sum - tpValues[i - period]! + tpValues[i]!
+        }
+        const sma = sum / period
+
+        // 计算平均绝对偏差
+        let meanDeviation = 0
+        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
+            meanDeviation += Math.abs(tpValues[i - j]! - sma)
+        }
+        meanDeviation /= period
+
+        if (meanDeviation === 0) {
+            result[i] = 0
+        } else {
+            result[i] = (tpValues[i]! - sma) / (0.015 * meanDeviation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// STOCH 随机指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_STOCH_N = 9
+export const DEFAULT_STOCH_M = 3
+
+export interface STOCHPoint {
+    k: number
+    d: number
+}
+
+export function calcSTOCHData(data: KLineData[], n: number, m: number): STOCHPoint[] {
+    const result: STOCHPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < n) return result
+
+    // 计算 RSV 和 K
+    const kValues: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    for (let i = n - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        let highest = -Infinity
+        let lowest = Infinity
+
+        for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) {
+            const item = data[i - j]
+            if (!item) continue
+            highest = Math.max(highest, item.high)
+            lowest = Math.min(lowest, item.low)
+        }
+
+        const close = data[i]!.close
+        if (highest === lowest) {
+            kValues[i] = 50
+        } else {
+            kValues[i] = ((close - lowest) / (highest - lowest)) * 100
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 计算 D (K 的 M 日移动平均)
+    for (let i = n - 1 + m - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const k = kValues[i]
+        if (k === undefined) continue
+
+        let sum = 0
+        let validCount = 0
+        for (let j = 0; j < m; j++) {
+            const kv = kValues[i - j]
+            if (kv !== undefined) {
+                sum += kv
+                validCount++
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (validCount === m) {
+            result[i] = { k, d: sum / m }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// MOM 动量指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_MOM_PERIOD = 10
+
+export function calcMOMData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period + 1) return result
+
+    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const currentClose = data[i]?.close
+        const prevClose = data[i - period]?.close
+
+        if (currentClose !== undefined && prevClose !== undefined) {
+            result[i] = currentClose - prevClose
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WMSR 威廉指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_WMSR_PERIOD = 14
+
+export function calcWMSRData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period) return result
+
+    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        let highest = -Infinity
+        let lowest = Infinity
+
+        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
+            const item = data[i - j]
+            if (!item) continue
+            highest = Math.max(highest, item.high)
+            lowest = Math.min(lowest, item.low)
+        }
+
+        const close = data[i]!.close
+        if (highest === lowest) {
+            result[i] = -50
+        } else {
+            result[i] = ((highest - close) / (highest - lowest)) * -100
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// KST 确知指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC1 = 10
+export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC2 = 15
+export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC3 = 20
+export const DEFAULT_KST_ROC4 = 30
+export const DEFAULT_KST_SIGNAL = 9
+
+export interface KSTPoint {
+    kst: number
+    signal: number
+}
+
+function calcROCInternal(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period + 1) return result
+
+    for (let i = period; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const currentClose = data[i]?.close
+        const prevClose = data[i - period]?.close
+
+        if (currentClose !== undefined && prevClose !== undefined && prevClose !== 0) {
+            result[i] = ((currentClose - prevClose) / prevClose) * 100
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+function calcSMAInternal(data: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    let sum = 0
+    let count = 0
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const val = data[i]
+
+        if (val !== undefined) {
+            sum += val
+            count++
+
+            if (count > period) {
+                const oldVal = data[i - period]
+                if (oldVal !== undefined) {
+                    sum -= oldVal
+                    count--
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (count === period) {
+                result[i] = sum / period
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcKSTData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    roc1: number,
+    roc2: number,
+    roc3: number,
+    roc4: number,
+    signalPeriod: number
+): KSTPoint[] {
+    const result: KSTPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    const roc1Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc1)
+    const roc2Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc2)
+    const roc3Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc3)
+    const roc4Data = calcROCInternal(data, roc4)
+
+    const sma1 = calcSMAInternal(roc1Data, 10)
+    const sma2 = calcSMAInternal(roc2Data, 10)
+    const sma3 = calcSMAInternal(roc3Data, 10)
+    const sma4 = calcSMAInternal(roc4Data, 15)
+
+    const kstValues: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const v1 = sma1[i]
+        const v2 = sma2[i]
+        const v3 = sma3[i]
+        const v4 = sma4[i]
+
+        if (v1 !== undefined && v2 !== undefined && v3 !== undefined && v4 !== undefined) {
+            kstValues[i] = v1 * 1 + v2 * 2 + v3 * 3 + v4 * 4
+        }
+    }
+
+    const signalData = calcSMAInternal(kstValues, signalPeriod)
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const kst = kstValues[i]
+        const signal = signalData[i]
+
+        if (kst !== undefined && signal !== undefined) {
+            result[i] = { kst, signal }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// FASTK 快速随机指标
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_FASTK_PERIOD = 9
+
+export function calcFASTKData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < period) return result
+
+    for (let i = period - 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        let highest = -Infinity
+        let lowest = Infinity
+
+        for (let j = 0; j < period; j++) {
+            const item = data[i - j]
+            if (!item) continue
+            highest = Math.max(highest, item.high)
+            lowest = Math.min(lowest, item.low)
+        }
+
+        const close = data[i]!.close
+        if (highest === lowest) {
+            result[i] = 50
+        } else {
+            result[i] = ((close - lowest) / (highest - lowest)) * 100
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// MACD 指数平滑异同移动平均线
+// ============================================================================
+
+/**
+ * MACD 数据点
+ */
+export interface MACDPoint {
+    /** DIF 线值 */
+    dif: number
+    /** DEA 线值 */
+    dea: number
+    /** MACD 柱状图值 */
+    macd: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * 默认 MACD 参数
+ */
+export const DEFAULT_MACD_FAST_PERIOD = 12
+export const DEFAULT_MACD_SLOW_PERIOD = 26
+export const DEFAULT_MACD_SIGNAL_PERIOD = 9
+
+/**
+ * 计算 EMA（指数移动平均）值
+ * EMA(today) = close × K + EMA(yesterday) × (1 - K)
+ * K = 2 / (period + 1)
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @returns EMA 值数组，第一个值使用第一个收盘价
+ */
+export function calcEMA(data: KLineData[], period: number): number[] {
+    const result: number[] = new Array(data.length)
+    const k = 2 / (period + 1)
+
+    if (data.length === 0) return result
+
+    // 第一个 EMA 值使用第一个收盘价
+    result[0] = data[0]!.close
+
+    for (let i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const item = data[i]
+        if (!item) continue
+        result[i] = item.close * k + result[i - 1]! * (1 - k)
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * 基于数值数组计算 EMA
+ * @param values 数值数组（可能包含 undefined）
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @returns EMA 值数组
+ */
+export function calcEMAFromArray(values: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(values.length)
+    const k = 2 / (period + 1)
+
+    const firstValid = values.findIndex(v => v !== undefined)
+    if (firstValid === -1) return result
+
+    result[firstValid] = values[firstValid]
+
+    for (let i = firstValid + 1; i < values.length; i++) {
+        const val = values[i]
+        const prev = result[i - 1]
+        if (val === undefined || prev === undefined) continue
+        result[i] = val * k + prev * (1 - k)
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * 计算 MACD 数据
+ * DIF = EMA(close, fastPeriod) - EMA(close, slowPeriod)
+ * DEA = EMA(DIF, signalPeriod)
+ * MACD = (DIF - DEA) × 2
+ * @param data K线数据数组
+ * @param fastPeriod 快线周期（默认12）
+ * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期（默认26）
+ * @param signalPeriod 信号线周期（默认9）
+ * @returns MACD 数据点数组，前 slowPeriod-1 个可能为 undefined
+ */
+export function calcMACDData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    fastPeriod: number,
+    slowPeriod: number,
+    signalPeriod: number
+): MACDPoint[] {
+    const result: MACDPoint[] = new Array(data.length)
+
+    if (data.length < slowPeriod) return result
+
+    // 计算 EMA12 和 EMA26
+    const emaFast = calcEMA(data, fastPeriod)
+    const emaSlow = calcEMA(data, slowPeriod)
+
+    // 计算 DIF
+    const dif: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(data.length)
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const fast = emaFast[i]
+        const slow = emaSlow[i]
+        if (fast !== undefined && slow !== undefined) {
+            dif[i] = fast - slow
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 计算 DEA（DIF 的 signalPeriod 日 EMA）
+    const dea = calcEMAFromArray(dif, signalPeriod)
+
+    // 计算 MACD 柱
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+        const d = dif[i]
+        const e = dea[i]
+        if (d !== undefined && e !== undefined) {
+            result[i] = {
+                dif: d,
+                dea: e,
+                macd: (d - e) * 2,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SoA (Structure of Arrays) 包装函数
+// 用于验证 SoA 数据层与原始 AoS 计算的一致性
+// ============================================================================
+
+import type { KLineSoALayout } from './soa'
+import { SharedKLineBuffer } from './soa'
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 BOLL 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @param multiplier 标准差倍数
+ * @returns BOLL 数据点数组
+ */
+export function calcBOLLDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+    multiplier: number
+): BOLLPoint[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcBOLLData(data, period, multiplier)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 EXPMA 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param fastPeriod 快线周期
+ * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期
+ * @returns EXPMA 数据点数组
+ */
+export function calcEXPMADataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    fastPeriod: number,
+    slowPeriod: number
+): EXPMAPoint[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcEXPMAData(data, fastPeriod, slowPeriod)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 ENE 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @param deviation 偏离率百分比
+ * @returns ENE 数据点数组
+ */
+export function calcENEDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+    deviation: number
+): ENEPoint[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcENEData(data, period, deviation)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 MA 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period MA周期
+ * @returns MA 值数组
+ */
+export function calcMADataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcMAData(data, period)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 RSI 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period RSI周期
+ * @returns RSI 值数组
+ */
+export function calcRSIDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcRSIData(data, period)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 CCI 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @returns CCI 值数组
+ */
+export function calcCCIDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcCCIData(data, period)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 STOCH 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param n RSV周期
+ * @param m K的M日移动平均周期
+ * @returns STOCH 数据点数组
+ */
+export function calcSTOCHDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    n: number,
+    m: number
+): STOCHPoint[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcSTOCHData(data, n, m)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 MOM 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @returns MOM 值数组
+ */
+export function calcMOMDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcMOMData(data, period)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 WMSR 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @returns WMSR 值数组
+ */
+export function calcWMSRDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcWMSRData(data, period)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 KST 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param roc1 第一个ROC周期
+ * @param roc2 第二个ROC周期
+ * @param roc3 第三个ROC周期
+ * @param roc4 第四个ROC周期
+ * @param signalPeriod 信号线周期
+ * @returns KST 数据点数组
+ */
+export function calcKSTDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    roc1: number,
+    roc2: number,
+    roc3: number,
+    roc4: number,
+    signalPeriod: number
+): KSTPoint[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcKSTData(data, roc1, roc2, roc3, roc4, signalPeriod)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 FASTK 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param period 周期
+ * @returns FASTK 值数组
+ */
+export function calcFASTKDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcFASTKData(data, period)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 MACD 数据（验证用包装函数）
+ * @param layout SoA 布局
+ * @param fastPeriod 快线周期
+ * @param slowPeriod 慢线周期
+ * @param signalPeriod 信号线周期
+ * @returns MACD 数据点数组
+ */
+export function calcMACDDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    fastPeriod: number,
+    slowPeriod: number,
+    signalPeriod: number
+): MACDPoint[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcMACDData(data, fastPeriod, slowPeriod, signalPeriod)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ATR — Wilder's Average True Range
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_ATR_PERIOD = 14
+
+/**
+ * 计算 Wilder ATR。
+ * TR(0) = H(0) - L(0)
+ * TR(t) = max(H(t) - L(t), |H(t) - C(t-1)|, |L(t) - C(t-1)|)
+ * ATR(period-1) = mean(TR[0..period-1])
+ * ATR(t) = ((period-1) * ATR(t-1) + TR(t)) / period  for t >= period
+ *
+ * @param data K 线数组
+ * @param period 周期，需 >= 1；若 <= 0 或 data.length < period，返回全 undefined
+ */
+export function calcATRData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
+
+    if (period === 1) {
+        const first = data[0]!
+        result[0] = first.high - first.low
+        let prevClose = first.close
+        for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+            const cur = data[i]!
+            const tr = Math.max(
+                cur.high - cur.low,
+                Math.abs(cur.high - prevClose),
+                Math.abs(cur.low - prevClose),
+            )
+            result[i] = tr
+            prevClose = cur.close
+        }
+        return result
+    }
+
+    if (n < period) return result
+
+    const first = data[0]!
+    let sumTR = first.high - first.low
+    let prevClose = first.close
+
+    for (let i = 1; i < period; i++) {
+        const cur = data[i]!
+        sumTR += Math.max(
+            cur.high - cur.low,
+            Math.abs(cur.high - prevClose),
+            Math.abs(cur.low - prevClose),
+        )
+        prevClose = cur.close
+    }
+
+    let atr = sumTR / period
+    result[period - 1] = atr
+
+    const periodMinusOne = period - 1
+    for (let i = period; i < n; i++) {
+        const cur = data[i]!
+        const tr = Math.max(
+            cur.high - cur.low,
+            Math.abs(cur.high - prevClose),
+            Math.abs(cur.low - prevClose),
+        )
+        atr = (periodMinusOne * atr + tr) / period
+        result[i] = atr
+        prevClose = cur.close
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+/**
+ * 从 SoA 布局计算 ATR（包装函数，对齐其他指标的 SoA 入口）
+ */
+export function calcATRDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcATRData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// WMA — Weighted Moving Average (linear weights)
+// 权重: w_i = i (i=1..period)，分母 = period*(period+1)/2
+// 滞后 = (period-1)/3 (相比 SMA 更快响应)
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_WMA_PERIOD = 9
+
+function _computeWMAOnNumbers(values: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = values.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
+
+    const denom = (period * (period + 1)) / 2
+
+    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
+        let sw = 0
+        let valid = true
+        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
+            const v = values[t - period + 1 + k]
+            if (v === undefined) {
+                valid = false
+                break
+            }
+            sw += (k + 1) * v
+        }
+        if (valid) result[t] = sw / denom
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcWMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    if (data.length === 0 || period <= 0) {
+        return new Array(data.length).fill(undefined)
+    }
+    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(data.length)
+    for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
+    return _computeWMAOnNumbers(closes, period)
+}
+
+export function calcWMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcWMAData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// EMA helper（DEMA / TEMA 复用，沿用 EXPMA 的 first-close seed 习惯）
+// alpha = 2 / (period + 1)
+// ============================================================================
+
+function _computeEMASeries(values: (number | undefined)[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = values.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
+
+    const alpha = 2 / (period + 1)
+
+    let i = 0
+    while (i < n && values[i] === undefined) i++
+    if (i >= n) return result
+
+    let ema = values[i]!
+    result[i] = ema
+    for (let t = i + 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const v = values[t]
+        if (v === undefined) continue
+        ema = v * alpha + ema * (1 - alpha)
+        result[t] = ema
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// DEMA — Double Exponential Moving Average
+// 公式: DEMA(t) = 2*EMA(t) - EMA(EMA)(t)
+// 性质: 对线性输入零滞后（稳态），warmup ~ 2*(period-1)
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_DEMA_PERIOD = 20
+
+export function calcDEMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
+
+    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
+
+    const ema1 = _computeEMASeries(closes, period)
+    const ema2 = _computeEMASeries(ema1, period)
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const e1 = ema1[i]
+        const e2 = ema2[i]
+        if (e1 === undefined || e2 === undefined) continue
+        result[i] = 2 * e1 - e2
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcDEMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcDEMAData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// TEMA — Triple Exponential Moving Average
+// 公式: TEMA(t) = 3*EMA(t) - 3*EMA(EMA)(t) + EMA(EMA(EMA))(t)
+// 性质: 对二次多项式输入零滞后（稳态），warmup ~ 3*(period-1)
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_TEMA_PERIOD = 20
+
+export function calcTEMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
+
+    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
+
+    const ema1 = _computeEMASeries(closes, period)
+    const ema2 = _computeEMASeries(ema1, period)
+    const ema3 = _computeEMASeries(ema2, period)
+
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const e1 = ema1[i]
+        const e2 = ema2[i]
+        const e3 = ema3[i]
+        if (e1 === undefined || e2 === undefined || e3 === undefined) continue
+        result[i] = 3 * e1 - 3 * e2 + e3
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcTEMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcTEMAData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// HMA — Hull Moving Average
+// 公式: HMA(n) = WMA( 2*WMA(close, n/2) - WMA(close, n), sqrt(n) )
+// 性质: 平滑性高于 WMA，滞后远低于同期 SMA
+// warmup ≈ period - 1 + round(sqrt(period)) - 1
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_HMA_PERIOD = 9
+
+export function calcHMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
+
+    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
+
+    const halfPeriod = Math.max(1, Math.floor(period / 2))
+    const sqrtPeriod = Math.max(1, Math.round(Math.sqrt(period)))
+
+    const wmaHalf = _computeWMAOnNumbers(closes, halfPeriod)
+    const wmaFull = _computeWMAOnNumbers(closes, period)
+
+    const raw: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const h = wmaHalf[i]
+        const f = wmaFull[i]
+        if (h === undefined || f === undefined) continue
+        raw[i] = 2 * h - f
+    }
+    return _computeWMAOnNumbers(raw, sqrtPeriod)
+}
+
+export function calcHMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcHMAData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// KAMA — Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average
+// 自适应：在趋势强时跟得紧（接近 fast EMA），在震荡时跟得慢（接近 slow EMA）。
+// ER (efficiency ratio) = |close[t] - close[t-n]| / sum(|close[i] - close[i-1]|, i=t-n+1..t)
+// SC = (ER * (2/(fast+1) - 2/(slow+1)) + 2/(slow+1))^2
+// KAMA(t) = KAMA(t-1) + SC * (close[t] - KAMA(t-1))
+// 种子 KAMA(n-1) = close[n-1]（或 SMA(n)；这里采用 close 种子以保持与项目内 EMA 系列一致）
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_KAMA_PERIOD = 10
+export const DEFAULT_KAMA_FAST_PERIOD = 2
+export const DEFAULT_KAMA_SLOW_PERIOD = 30
+
+export function calcKAMAData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+    fastPeriod: number,
+    slowPeriod: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || fastPeriod <= 0 || slowPeriod <= 0 || n <= period) return result
+
+    const fastSC = 2 / (fastPeriod + 1)
+    const slowSC = 2 / (slowPeriod + 1)
+    const scRange = fastSC - slowSC
+
+    // 维护滚动求和：sum(|close[i] - close[i-1]|, i=t-period+1..t)
+    let volSum = 0
+    for (let i = 1; i <= period; i++) {
+        volSum += Math.abs(data[i]!.close - data[i - 1]!.close)
+    }
+
+    let kama = data[period - 1]!.close
+    result[period - 1] = kama
+
+    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
+        const close = data[t]!.close
+        const closeNPeriodsAgo = data[t - period]!.close
+        const direction = Math.abs(close - closeNPeriodsAgo)
+
+        const er = volSum > 0 ? direction / volSum : 0
+        const sc = (er * scRange + slowSC) ** 2
+
+        kama = kama + sc * (close - kama)
+        result[t] = kama
+
+        // 滚动 volSum：减去最旧的 |close[t-period+1] - close[t-period]|，加上最新的 |close[t+1] - close[t]|
+        if (t < n - 1) {
+            volSum -= Math.abs(data[t - period + 1]!.close - data[t - period]!.close)
+            volSum += Math.abs(data[t + 1]!.close - data[t]!.close)
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcKAMADataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+    fastPeriod: number,
+    slowPeriod: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcKAMAData(data, period, fastPeriod, slowPeriod)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SAR — Parabolic Stop and Reverse
+// 经典 Wilder 公式：SAR(t+1) = SAR(t) + AF * (EP - SAR(t))，AF 在每次创出新极端时 +step（上限 maxStep）
+// 趋势翻转条件：上升趋势中 SAR 越过 low（或反之）
+// 种子：从 bar[1] 起，初始 trend=up，SAR=low[0]，EP=high[0]，AF=step
+// 返回每根 K 线对应的 SAR 点（带方向）
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface SARPoint {
+    value: number
+    trend: 'up' | 'down'
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_SAR_STEP = 0.02
+export const DEFAULT_SAR_MAX_STEP = 0.2
+
+export function calcSARData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    step: number,
+    maxStep: number,
+): (SARPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (SARPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n < 2 || step <= 0 || maxStep <= 0) return result
+
+    let trend: 'up' | 'down' = data[1]!.close >= data[0]!.close ? 'up' : 'down'
+    let sar = trend === 'up' ? data[0]!.low : data[0]!.high
+    let ep = trend === 'up' ? data[0]!.high : data[0]!.low
+    let af = step
+
+    result[0] = { value: sar, trend }
+
+    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const bar = data[t]!
+        // 先按当前趋势推进 SAR
+        sar = sar + af * (ep - sar)
+
+        // 边界约束：SAR 不能穿透前两根 K 线的极端
+        if (trend === 'up') {
+            const cap1 = data[t - 1]!.low
+            const cap2 = t >= 2 ? data[t - 2]!.low : cap1
+            sar = Math.min(sar, cap1, cap2)
+        } else {
+            const cap1 = data[t - 1]!.high
+            const cap2 = t >= 2 ? data[t - 2]!.high : cap1
+            sar = Math.max(sar, cap1, cap2)
+        }
+
+        // 检测翻转
+        if (trend === 'up' && bar.low < sar) {
+            trend = 'down'
+            sar = ep
+            ep = bar.low
+            af = step
+        } else if (trend === 'down' && bar.high > sar) {
+            trend = 'up'
+            sar = ep
+            ep = bar.high
+            af = step
+        } else {
+            // 同趋势：更新 EP / AF
+            if (trend === 'up' && bar.high > ep) {
+                ep = bar.high
+                af = Math.min(af + step, maxStep)
+            } else if (trend === 'down' && bar.low < ep) {
+                ep = bar.low
+                af = Math.min(af + step, maxStep)
+            }
+        }
+
+        result[t] = { value: sar, trend }
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcSARDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    step: number,
+    maxStep: number,
+): (SARPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcSARData(data, step, maxStep)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SuperTrend — ATR-based trend-following stop/band
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface SuperTrendPoint {
+    value: number
+    trend: 'up' | 'down'
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_SUPERTREND_ATR_PERIOD = 10
+export const DEFAULT_SUPERTREND_MULTIPLIER = 3
+
+export function calcSuperTrendData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    atrPeriod: number,
+    multiplier: number,
+): (SuperTrendPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (SuperTrendPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || atrPeriod <= 0 || multiplier <= 0) return result
+
+    const atr = calcATRData(data, atrPeriod)
+
+    let trend: 'up' | 'down' = 'up'
+    let prevUpper = Infinity
+    let prevLower = -Infinity
+
+    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
+        const bar = data[t]!
+        const a = atr[t]
+        if (a === undefined) continue
+
+        const hl2 = (bar.high + bar.low) / 2
+        const upperBasic = hl2 + multiplier * a
+        const lowerBasic = hl2 - multiplier * a
+
+        // Smoothing: keep the previous band unless price has broken through it
+        const prevClose = t > 0 ? data[t - 1]!.close : bar.close
+        const upper = (upperBasic < prevUpper || prevClose > prevUpper) ? upperBasic : prevUpper
+        const lower = (lowerBasic > prevLower || prevClose < prevLower) ? lowerBasic : prevLower
+
+        // Trend update
+        if (trend === 'up' && bar.close < lower) {
+            trend = 'down'
+        } else if (trend === 'down' && bar.close > upper) {
+            trend = 'up'
+        }
+
+        result[t] = { value: trend === 'up' ? lower : upper, trend }
+
+        prevUpper = upper
+        prevLower = lower
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcSuperTrendDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    atrPeriod: number,
+    multiplier: number,
+): (SuperTrendPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcSuperTrendData(data, atrPeriod, multiplier)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Keltner Channel — EMA ± multiplier × ATR
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface KeltnerPoint {
+    upper: number
+    middle: number
+    lower: number
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_KELTNER_EMA_PERIOD = 20
+export const DEFAULT_KELTNER_ATR_PERIOD = 10
+export const DEFAULT_KELTNER_MULTIPLIER = 2
+
+export function calcKeltnerData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    emaPeriod: number,
+    atrPeriod: number,
+    multiplier: number,
+): (KeltnerPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (KeltnerPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || emaPeriod <= 0 || atrPeriod <= 0) return result
+
+    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
+
+    const ema = _computeEMASeries(closes, emaPeriod)
+    const atr = calcATRData(data, atrPeriod)
+
+    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
+        const m = ema[t]
+        const a = atr[t]
+        if (m === undefined || a === undefined) continue
+        result[t] = {
+            upper: m + multiplier * a,
+            middle: m,
+            lower: m - multiplier * a,
+        }
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcKeltnerDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    emaPeriod: number,
+    atrPeriod: number,
+    multiplier: number,
+): (KeltnerPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcKeltnerData(data, emaPeriod, atrPeriod, multiplier)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Donchian Channel — rolling max(high) / min(low) over period
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface DonchianPoint {
+    upper: number
+    middle: number
+    lower: number
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_DONCHIAN_PERIOD = 20
+
+export function calcDonchianData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+): (DonchianPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (DonchianPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
+
+    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
+        let hi = -Infinity
+        let lo = Infinity
+        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
+            const bar = data[t - k]!
+            if (bar.high > hi) hi = bar.high
+            if (bar.low < lo) lo = bar.low
+        }
+        result[t] = { upper: hi, middle: (hi + lo) / 2, lower: lo }
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcDonchianDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+): (DonchianPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcDonchianData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Ichimoku Kinko Hyo — 一目均衡表
+// 5 线 + 云图（spanA/B 前置位移构成）：
+//   tenkan(t) = (max(high[t-tenkanPeriod+1..t]) + min(low[t-tenkanPeriod+1..t])) / 2
+//   kijun(t)  = 同公式但用 kijunPeriod
+//   spanA(t)  = (tenkan(t-displacement) + kijun(t-displacement)) / 2   ← 前置 displacement
+//   spanB(t)  = 用 spanBPeriod 计算后再前置 displacement
+//   chikou(t) = close(t+displacement)                                  ← 后置 displacement
+// 注：不做未来云的延伸（输出长度 = data.length；最后 displacement 根没 spanA/B；前 displacement 根没 chikou）
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface IchimokuPoint {
+    tenkan?: number
+    kijun?: number
+    spanA?: number
+    spanB?: number
+    chikou?: number
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_TENKAN = 9
+export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_KIJUN = 26
+export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_SPAN_B = 52
+export const DEFAULT_ICHIMOKU_DISPLACEMENT = 26
+
+function _rollingMidline(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n < period || period <= 0) return result
+    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
+        let hi = -Infinity
+        let lo = Infinity
+        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
+            const bar = data[t - k]!
+            if (bar.high > hi) hi = bar.high
+            if (bar.low < lo) lo = bar.low
+        }
+        result[t] = (hi + lo) / 2
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcIchimokuData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    tenkanPeriod: number,
+    kijunPeriod: number,
+    spanBPeriod: number,
+    displacement: number,
+): (IchimokuPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (IchimokuPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || tenkanPeriod <= 0 || kijunPeriod <= 0 || spanBPeriod <= 0) return result
+
+    const tenkan = _rollingMidline(data, tenkanPeriod)
+    const kijun = _rollingMidline(data, kijunPeriod)
+    const spanBSource = _rollingMidline(data, spanBPeriod)
+
+    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
+        const point: IchimokuPoint = {}
+        if (tenkan[t] !== undefined) point.tenkan = tenkan[t]
+        if (kijun[t] !== undefined) point.kijun = kijun[t]
+
+        // spanA / spanB 由 displacement 根之前的值填到当前槽位
+        const src = t - displacement
+        if (src >= 0) {
+            if (tenkan[src] !== undefined && kijun[src] !== undefined) {
+                point.spanA = (tenkan[src]! + kijun[src]!) / 2
+            }
+            if (spanBSource[src] !== undefined) {
+                point.spanB = spanBSource[src]
+            }
+        }
+
+        // chikou：当前 close 后置 displacement 根（即存到 t - displacement 槽位上 close[t]）
+        // 这里改成：存当前槽位的 chikou = close[t + displacement]，需 future 数据；不可用时 undefined
+        const future = t + displacement
+        if (future < n) point.chikou = data[future]!.close
+
+        result[t] = point
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcIchimokuDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    tenkanPeriod: number,
+    kijunPeriod: number,
+    spanBPeriod: number,
+    displacement: number,
+): (IchimokuPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcIchimokuData(data, tenkanPeriod, kijunPeriod, spanBPeriod, displacement)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// ROC — Rate of Change
+// ROC(t) = (close[t] - close[t-period]) / close[t-period] * 100
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_ROC_PERIOD = 12
+
+export function calcROCData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return result
+    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
+        const prev = data[t - period]!.close
+        if (prev === 0) continue
+        result[t] = (data[t]!.close - prev) / prev * 100
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcROCDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcROCData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// TRIX — Triple Exponential Smoothing Oscillator
+// EMA3 = EMA(EMA(EMA(close, p), p), p)
+// TRIX(t) = (EMA3[t] - EMA3[t-1]) / EMA3[t-1] * 100
+// Signal(t) = EMA(TRIX, signalPeriod) —— 配合金叉/死叉
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface TRIXResult {
+    series: (number | undefined)[]
+    signalSeries: (number | undefined)[]
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_TRIX_PERIOD = 15
+export const DEFAULT_TRIX_SIGNAL_PERIOD = 9
+
+export function calcTRIXData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+    signalPeriod: number,
+): TRIXResult {
+    const n = data.length
+    const series: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    const signalSeries: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0) return { series, signalSeries }
+
+    const closes = new Array<number | undefined>(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) closes[i] = data[i]!.close
+
+    const ema1 = _computeEMASeries(closes, period)
+    const ema2 = _computeEMASeries(ema1, period)
+    const ema3 = _computeEMASeries(ema2, period)
+
+    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const cur = ema3[t]
+        const prev = ema3[t - 1]
+        if (cur === undefined || prev === undefined || prev === 0) continue
+        series[t] = (cur - prev) / prev * 100
+    }
+
+    if (signalPeriod > 0) {
+        const smoothed = _computeEMASeries(series, signalPeriod)
+        for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) signalSeries[i] = smoothed[i]
+    }
+
+    return { series, signalSeries }
+}
+
+export function calcTRIXDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+    signalPeriod: number,
+): TRIXResult {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcTRIXData(data, period, signalPeriod)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// HV — Historical Volatility (close-to-close log returns)
+// HV(t) = stdDev(log(close[i]/close[i-1]), i=t-period+1..t) * sqrt(annualization)
+// 输出年化波动率（百分比形式 × 100）
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_HV_PERIOD = 20
+export const DEFAULT_HV_ANNUALIZATION = 252
+
+export function calcHVData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+    annualizationFactor: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n < 2 || period <= 0 || annualizationFactor <= 0) return result
+
+    const logReturns: number[] = new Array(n)
+    logReturns[0] = 0
+    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const prev = data[t - 1]!.close
+        const cur = data[t]!.close
+        logReturns[t] = (prev > 0 && cur > 0) ? Math.log(cur / prev) : 0
+    }
+
+    const annScale = Math.sqrt(annualizationFactor)
+    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
+        let sum = 0
+        for (let k = 1; k <= period; k++) sum += logReturns[t - period + k]!
+        const mean = sum / period
+        let varSum = 0
+        for (let k = 1; k <= period; k++) {
+            const diff = logReturns[t - period + k]! - mean
+            varSum += diff * diff
+        }
+        const std = Math.sqrt(varSum / (period - 1 > 0 ? period - 1 : 1))
+        result[t] = std * annScale * 100
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcHVDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+    annualizationFactor: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcHVData(data, period, annualizationFactor)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Parkinson Volatility — high-low range volatility
+// PV(t) = sqrt(  (1/(4*ln(2))) * mean(ln(high[i]/low[i])^2) * annualization  ) * 100
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_PARKINSON_PERIOD = 20
+export const DEFAULT_PARKINSON_ANNUALIZATION = 252
+
+export function calcParkinsonData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    period: number,
+    annualizationFactor: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || annualizationFactor <= 0 || n < period) return result
+
+    const factor = 1 / (4 * Math.log(2))
+    const annScale = Math.sqrt(annualizationFactor)
+
+    const hlLogSq: number[] = new Array(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const bar = data[i]!
+        if (bar.high > 0 && bar.low > 0) {
+            const ln = Math.log(bar.high / bar.low)
+            hlLogSq[i] = ln * ln
+        } else {
+            hlLogSq[i] = 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
+        let sum = 0
+        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) sum += hlLogSq[t - k]!
+        const mean = sum / period
+        result[t] = Math.sqrt(factor * mean) * annScale * 100
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcParkinsonDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    period: number,
+    annualizationFactor: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcParkinsonData(data, period, annualizationFactor)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Chaikin Volatility — EMA(high-low) 的 ROC
+// ChaikinVol(t) = (EMA(H-L, p)[t] - EMA(H-L, p)[t-rocPeriod]) / EMA(H-L, p)[t-rocPeriod] * 100
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_CHAIKIN_VOL_EMA_PERIOD = 10
+export const DEFAULT_CHAIKIN_VOL_ROC_PERIOD = 10
+
+export function calcChaikinVolData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    emaPeriod: number,
+    rocPeriod: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || emaPeriod <= 0 || rocPeriod <= 0) return result
+
+    const hl: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) hl[i] = data[i]!.high - data[i]!.low
+
+    const emaSeries = _computeEMASeries(hl, emaPeriod)
+
+    for (let t = rocPeriod; t < n; t++) {
+        const cur = emaSeries[t]
+        const prev = emaSeries[t - rocPeriod]
+        if (cur === undefined || prev === undefined || prev === 0) continue
+        result[t] = (cur - prev) / prev * 100
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcChaikinVolDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    emaPeriod: number,
+    rocPeriod: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcChaikinVolData(data, emaPeriod, rocPeriod)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// VMA — Volume Moving Average (SMA of volume)
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_VMA_PERIOD = 5
+
+export function calcVMAData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
+    let sum = 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) sum += data[i]!.volume ?? 0
+    result[period - 1] = sum / period
+    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
+        sum += (data[t]!.volume ?? 0) - (data[t - period]!.volume ?? 0)
+        result[t] = sum / period
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcVMADataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcVMAData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// OBV — On Balance Volume (cumulative)
+// close[t] > close[t-1] → OBV += volume[t]
+// close[t] < close[t-1] → OBV -= volume[t]
+// else → OBV unchanged
+// ============================================================================
+
+export function calcOBVData(data: KLineData[]): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0) return result
+    let obv = 0
+    result[0] = 0
+    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const cur = data[t]!
+        const prev = data[t - 1]!
+        if (cur.close > prev.close) obv += cur.volume ?? 0
+        else if (cur.close < prev.close) obv -= cur.volume ?? 0
+        result[t] = obv
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcOBVDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcOBVData(data)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// PVT — Price Volume Trend (cumulative)
+// PVT(t) = PVT(t-1) + ((close[t] - close[t-1]) / close[t-1]) * volume[t]
+// ============================================================================
+
+export function calcPVTData(data: KLineData[]): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0) return result
+    let pvt = 0
+    result[0] = 0
+    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const prevClose = data[t - 1]!.close
+        if (prevClose === 0) {
+            result[t] = pvt
+            continue
+        }
+        pvt += ((data[t]!.close - prevClose) / prevClose) * (data[t]!.volume ?? 0)
+        result[t] = pvt
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcPVTDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcPVTData(data)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// VWAP — Volume-Weighted Average Price
+// VWAP(t) = sum_{i in session} TP(i) * V(i) / sum_{i in session} V(i)
+// where TP(i) = (H+L+C)/3 (typical price)
+// Session reset: if sessionResetGapMs > 0, reset cumulative sums when the gap
+// between consecutive bar timestamps exceeds this value (e.g., overnight)
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_VWAP_SESSION_GAP_MS = 0
+
+export function calcVWAPData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    sessionResetGapMs: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0) return result
+
+    let cumPV = 0
+    let cumV = 0
+    let prevTs = data[0]!.timestamp
+
+    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
+        const bar = data[t]!
+        if (sessionResetGapMs > 0 && t > 0 && bar.timestamp - prevTs > sessionResetGapMs) {
+            cumPV = 0
+            cumV = 0
+        }
+        const tp = (bar.high + bar.low + bar.close) / 3
+        cumPV += tp * (bar.volume ?? 0)
+        cumV += bar.volume ?? 0
+        result[t] = cumV > 0 ? cumPV / cumV : tp
+        prevTs = bar.timestamp
+    }
+
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcVWAPDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    sessionResetGapMs: number,
+): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcVWAPData(data, sessionResetGapMs)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// CMF — Chaikin Money Flow
+// MFM = ((C-L) - (H-C)) / (H-L)   ∈ [-1, 1]
+// MFV = MFM * Volume
+// CMF(t) = sum(MFV[t-period+1..t]) / sum(Volume[t-period+1..t])  ∈ [-1, 1]
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_CMF_PERIOD = 20
+
+export function calcCMFData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
+
+    const mfv: number[] = new Array(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const bar = data[i]!
+        const range = bar.high - bar.low
+        const mfm = range > 0 ? ((bar.close - bar.low) - (bar.high - bar.close)) / range : 0
+        mfv[i] = mfm * (bar.volume ?? 0)
+    }
+
+    let sumMFV = 0
+    let sumV = 0
+    for (let i = 0; i < period; i++) {
+        sumMFV += mfv[i]!
+        sumV += data[i]!.volume ?? 0
+    }
+    result[period - 1] = sumV > 0 ? sumMFV / sumV : 0
+
+    for (let t = period; t < n; t++) {
+        sumMFV += mfv[t]! - mfv[t - period]!
+        sumV += (data[t]!.volume ?? 0) - (data[t - period]!.volume ?? 0)
+        result[t] = sumV > 0 ? sumMFV / sumV : 0
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcCMFDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcCMFData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// MFI — Money Flow Index
+// TP = (H+L+C)/3, RMF = TP * Volume
+// PMF = sum of RMF where TP > TP[-1]; NMF = sum where TP < TP[-1]
+// MFR = PMF / NMF; MFI = 100 - 100 / (1 + MFR)   ∈ [0, 100]
+// ============================================================================
+
+export const DEFAULT_MFI_PERIOD = 14
+
+export function calcMFIData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (number | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n < period + 1 || period <= 0) return result
+
+    const tp: number[] = new Array(n)
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) tp[i] = (data[i]!.high + data[i]!.low + data[i]!.close) / 3
+
+    // Pre-classified positive/negative money flow per bar
+    const pmfArr: number[] = new Array(n)
+    const nmfArr: number[] = new Array(n)
+    pmfArr[0] = 0
+    nmfArr[0] = 0
+    for (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+        const rmf = tp[i]! * (data[i]!.volume ?? 0)
+        if (tp[i]! > tp[i - 1]!) {
+            pmfArr[i] = rmf
+            nmfArr[i] = 0
+        } else if (tp[i]! < tp[i - 1]!) {
+            pmfArr[i] = 0
+            nmfArr[i] = rmf
+        } else {
+            pmfArr[i] = 0
+            nmfArr[i] = 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    let pSum = 0
+    let nSum = 0
+    for (let i = 1; i <= period; i++) {
+        pSum += pmfArr[i]!
+        nSum += nmfArr[i]!
+    }
+    result[period] = nSum > 0 ? 100 - 100 / (1 + pSum / nSum) : 100
+
+    for (let t = period + 1; t < n; t++) {
+        pSum += pmfArr[t]! - pmfArr[t - period]!
+        nSum += nmfArr[t]! - nmfArr[t - period]!
+        result[t] = nSum > 0 ? 100 - 100 / (1 + pSum / nSum) : 100
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcMFIDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (number | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcMFIData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Pivot Points — Classic floor-trader pivots from prior bar's HLC
+// PP = (H + L + C) / 3
+// R1 = 2·PP - L; S1 = 2·PP - H
+// R2 = PP + (H - L); S2 = PP - (H - L)
+// R3 = H + 2·(PP - L); S3 = L - 2·(H - PP)
+// Each bar t (t >= 1) shows pivots derived from bar[t-1]'s HLC.
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface PivotPoint {
+    pp: number
+    r1: number
+    r2: number
+    r3: number
+    s1: number
+    s2: number
+    s3: number
+}
+
+export function calcPivotData(data: KLineData[]): (PivotPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (PivotPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n < 2) return result
+    for (let t = 1; t < n; t++) {
+        const p = data[t - 1]!
+        const pp = (p.high + p.low + p.close) / 3
+        const range = p.high - p.low
+        result[t] = {
+            pp,
+            r1: 2 * pp - p.low,
+            s1: 2 * pp - p.high,
+            r2: pp + range,
+            s2: pp - range,
+            r3: p.high + 2 * (pp - p.low),
+            s3: p.low - 2 * (p.high - pp),
+        }
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcPivotDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout): (PivotPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcPivotData(data)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Fibonacci Retracement — anchored to rolling-window high/low
+// Window = last `period` bars. High = max(high), Low = min(low).
+// Direction = 'up' if the most recent extreme is the high (price moved up);
+// 'down' otherwise. Retracement levels computed accordingly.
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface FibPoint {
+    high: number
+    low: number
+    direction: 'up' | 'down'
+    level236: number
+    level382: number
+    level500: number
+    level618: number
+    level786: number
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_FIB_PERIOD = 50
+
+export function calcFibData(data: KLineData[], period: number): (FibPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    const result: (FibPoint | undefined)[] = new Array(n).fill(undefined)
+    if (n === 0 || period <= 0 || n < period) return result
+
+    for (let t = period - 1; t < n; t++) {
+        let hi = -Infinity
+        let lo = Infinity
+        let hiIdx = t
+        let loIdx = t
+        for (let k = 0; k < period; k++) {
+            const bar = data[t - k]!
+            if (bar.high > hi) { hi = bar.high; hiIdx = t - k }
+            if (bar.low < lo) { lo = bar.low; loIdx = t - k }
+        }
+        const direction: 'up' | 'down' = hiIdx >= loIdx ? 'up' : 'down'
+        const range = hi - lo
+        // For uptrend retracements: 0% at high, 100% at low; price retraces FROM high TOWARD low
+        // For downtrend: 0% at low, 100% at high
+        const level = (frac: number) =>
+            direction === 'up' ? hi - range * frac : lo + range * frac
+        result[t] = {
+            high: hi,
+            low: lo,
+            direction,
+            level236: level(0.236),
+            level382: level(0.382),
+            level500: level(0.5),
+            level618: level(0.618),
+            level786: level(0.786),
+        }
+    }
+    return result
+}
+
+export function calcFibDataSoA(layout: KLineSoALayout, period: number): (FibPoint | undefined)[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcFibData(data, period)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SMC Structure — Swing detection + BOS / CHOCH events
+// Window-based swing fractal (default left=right=2 = Bill Williams fractal).
+// Swing confirmed when right-window bars have closed after the extremum.
+// Trend state machine: HH+HL = up, LL+LH = down, mixed = range.
+// BOS = continuation break (close > last HH in up trend, or < last LL in down trend).
+// CHOCH = reversal break (against current trend).
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface SwingPoint {
+    index: number
+    price: number
+    kind: 'high' | 'low'
+    label: 'HH' | 'HL' | 'LH' | 'LL'
+    confirmed: boolean
+}
+
+export type StructureEventKind = 'BOS' | 'CHOCH'
+
+export interface StructureEvent {
+    kind: StructureEventKind
+    index: number
+    triggerPrice: number
+    brokenLevel: number
+    brokenSwingIndex: number
+    direction: 'up' | 'down'
+}
+
+export interface StructureSnapshot {
+    swings: SwingPoint[]
+    events: StructureEvent[]
+    trend: 'up' | 'down' | 'range'
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_STRUCTURE_LEFT = 2
+export const DEFAULT_STRUCTURE_RIGHT = 2
+
+export function calcStructureData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    leftWindow: number,
+    rightWindow: number,
+    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
+): StructureSnapshot {
+    const n = data.length
+    if (n === 0 || leftWindow < 0 || rightWindow < 0) {
+        return { swings: [], events: [], trend: 'range' }
+    }
+
+    const rawSwings: { index: number; price: number; kind: 'high' | 'low'; confirmed: boolean }[] = []
+    for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        const bar = data[i]!
+        if (isExtremum(data, i, leftWindow, rightWindow, 'high')) {
+            rawSwings.push({ index: i, price: bar.high, kind: 'high', confirmed: i + rightWindow < n })
+        }
+        if (isExtremum(data, i, leftWindow, rightWindow, 'low')) {
+            rawSwings.push({ index: i, price: bar.low, kind: 'low', confirmed: i + rightWindow < n })
+        }
+    }
+    rawSwings.sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index)
+
+    const swings: SwingPoint[] = []
+    let lastHigh: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
+    let lastLow: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
+    for (const s of rawSwings) {
+        let label: 'HH' | 'HL' | 'LH' | 'LL'
+        if (s.kind === 'high') {
+            label = lastHigh && s.price > lastHigh.price ? 'HH' : 'LH'
+            lastHigh = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
+        } else {
+            label = lastLow && s.price > lastLow.price ? 'HL' : 'LL'
+            lastLow = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
+        }
+        swings.push({ ...s, label })
+    }
+
+    const events: StructureEvent[] = []
+    let trend: 'up' | 'down' | 'range' = 'range'
+    let lastSwingHigh: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
+    let lastSwingLow: { index: number; price: number } | null = null
+    const confirmedSwings = swings.filter((s) => s.confirmed)
+    let swingCursor = 0
+
+    for (let t = 0; t < n; t++) {
+        while (swingCursor < confirmedSwings.length && confirmedSwings[swingCursor]!.index + rightWindow <= t) {
+            const s = confirmedSwings[swingCursor]!
+            if (s.kind === 'high') lastSwingHigh = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
+            else lastSwingLow = { index: s.index, price: s.price }
+            swingCursor++
+        }
+
+        const bar = data[t]!
+        const upBreakPrice = breakoutSource === 'close' ? bar.close : bar.high
+        const downBreakPrice = breakoutSource === 'close' ? bar.close : bar.low
+
+        if (lastSwingHigh && upBreakPrice > lastSwingHigh.price) {
+            const kind: StructureEventKind = trend === 'down' ? 'CHOCH' : 'BOS'
+            events.push({
+                kind,
+                index: t,
+                triggerPrice: upBreakPrice,
+                brokenLevel: lastSwingHigh.price,
+                brokenSwingIndex: lastSwingHigh.index,
+                direction: 'up',
+            })
+            trend = 'up'
+            lastSwingHigh = null
+        } else if (lastSwingLow && downBreakPrice < lastSwingLow.price) {
+            const kind: StructureEventKind = trend === 'up' ? 'CHOCH' : 'BOS'
+            events.push({
+                kind,
+                index: t,
+                triggerPrice: downBreakPrice,
+                brokenLevel: lastSwingLow.price,
+                brokenSwingIndex: lastSwingLow.index,
+                direction: 'down',
+            })
+            trend = 'down'
+            lastSwingLow = null
+        }
+    }
+
+    return { swings, events, trend }
+}
+
+function isExtremum(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    i: number,
+    left: number,
+    right: number,
+    kind: 'high' | 'low',
+): boolean {
+    const n = data.length
+    if (i < left || i + right >= n) return false
+    const center = kind === 'high' ? data[i]!.high : data[i]!.low
+    for (let k = 1; k <= left; k++) {
+        const v = kind === 'high' ? data[i - k]!.high : data[i - k]!.low
+        if (kind === 'high' ? v >= center : v <= center) return false
+    }
+    for (let k = 1; k <= right; k++) {
+        const v = kind === 'high' ? data[i + k]!.high : data[i + k]!.low
+        if (kind === 'high' ? v >= center : v <= center) return false
+    }
+    return true
+}
+
+export function calcStructureDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    leftWindow: number,
+    rightWindow: number,
+    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
+): StructureSnapshot {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcStructureData(data, leftWindow, rightWindow, breakoutSource)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// SMC Zones — FVG (Fair Value Gap) + Order Blocks
+// FVG (3-bar pattern):
+//   Bullish FVG: bar[t-2].high < bar[t].low → gap zone [bar[t-2].high, bar[t].low] anchored at bar[t-1]
+//   Bearish FVG: bar[t-2].low > bar[t].high → gap zone [bar[t].high, bar[t-2].low] anchored at bar[t-1]
+//   Zone is "filled" (endIndex set) when price re-enters it.
+// Order Blocks:
+//   Computed in conjunction with BOS events from calcStructureData.
+//   Bullish OB = last bearish candle (close < open) within obLookback bars before an upward BOS.
+//   Bearish OB = last bullish candle (close > open) within obLookback bars before a downward BOS.
+//   Mitigated (endIndex set) when price returns into the candle's range.
+// ============================================================================
+
+export type ZoneKind = 'FVG_BULL' | 'FVG_BEAR' | 'OB_BULL' | 'OB_BEAR'
+
+export interface Zone {
+    kind: ZoneKind
+    startIndex: number
+    endIndex?: number
+    high: number
+    low: number
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_ZONES_OB_LOOKBACK = 5
+
+export function calcZonesData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    obLookback: number,
+    structureLeftWindow: number,
+    structureRightWindow: number,
+    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
+): Zone[] {
+    const n = data.length
+    if (n < 3) return []
+    const zones: Zone[] = []
+
+    // 1. Detect FVGs
+    for (let t = 2; t < n; t++) {
+        const a = data[t - 2]!
+        const c = data[t]!
+        // Bullish FVG: a.high < c.low → gap
+        if (a.high < c.low) {
+            zones.push({
+                kind: 'FVG_BULL',
+                startIndex: t - 1,
+                high: c.low,
+                low: a.high,
+            })
+        }
+        // Bearish FVG: a.low > c.high → gap
+        if (a.low > c.high) {
+            zones.push({
+                kind: 'FVG_BEAR',
+                startIndex: t - 1,
+                high: a.low,
+                low: c.high,
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 2. Detect Order Blocks using structure BOS events
+    const struct = calcStructureData(data, structureLeftWindow, structureRightWindow, breakoutSource)
+    for (const ev of struct.events) {
+        if (ev.kind !== 'BOS') continue
+        // Look back obLookback bars for the OB candle
+        const start = Math.max(0, ev.index - obLookback)
+        if (ev.direction === 'up') {
+            // Bullish OB: latest bearish candle (close < open) in [start, ev.index)
+            for (let k = ev.index - 1; k >= start; k--) {
+                const bar = data[k]!
+                if (bar.close < bar.open) {
+                    zones.push({ kind: 'OB_BULL', startIndex: k, high: bar.high, low: bar.low })
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // Bearish OB: latest bullish candle (close > open) in [start, ev.index)
+            for (let k = ev.index - 1; k >= start; k--) {
+                const bar = data[k]!
+                if (bar.close > bar.open) {
+                    zones.push({ kind: 'OB_BEAR', startIndex: k, high: bar.high, low: bar.low })
+                    break
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // 3. Mark zones as filled when price re-enters their range
+    for (const zone of zones) {
+        for (let t = zone.startIndex + 1; t < n; t++) {
+            const bar = data[t]!
+            // Zone is touched if the bar overlaps the zone's [low, high]
+            if (bar.low <= zone.high && bar.high >= zone.low) {
+                zone.endIndex = t
+                break
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return zones
+}
+
+export function calcZonesDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    obLookback: number,
+    structureLeftWindow: number,
+    structureRightWindow: number,
+    breakoutSource: 'close' | 'wick',
+): Zone[] {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcZonesData(data, obLookback, structureLeftWindow, structureRightWindow, breakoutSource)
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Volume Profile — price-bin volume distribution
+// For each bar, volume is distributed uniformly across [low, high] into bins.
+// Outputs: bins[], POC (max-volume bin center), VAH/VAL (value area boundaries).
+// Value area = contiguous bins around POC summing to valueAreaPercent of total V.
+// ============================================================================
+
+export interface VolumeProfileBin {
+    priceLow: number
+    priceHigh: number
+    volume: number
+}
+
+export interface VolumeProfileResult {
+    bins: VolumeProfileBin[]
+    poc: number
+    vah: number
+    val: number
+    totalVolume: number
+}
+
+export const DEFAULT_VP_BINS = 24
+export const DEFAULT_VP_LOOKBACK = 0
+export const DEFAULT_VP_VALUE_AREA = 0.7
+
+export function calcVolumeProfileData(
+    data: KLineData[],
+    bins: number,
+    lookback: number,
+    valueAreaPercent: number,
+): VolumeProfileResult {
+    const n = data.length
+    if (n === 0 || bins <= 0) {
+        return { bins: [], poc: 0, vah: 0, val: 0, totalVolume: 0 }
+    }
+
+    const startIdx = lookback > 0 ? Math.max(0, n - lookback) : 0
+    let priceMin = Infinity
+    let priceMax = -Infinity
+    for (let i = startIdx; i < n; i++) {
+        const bar = data[i]!
+        if (bar.low < priceMin) priceMin = bar.low
+        if (bar.high > priceMax) priceMax = bar.high
+    }
+    if (!Number.isFinite(priceMin) || !Number.isFinite(priceMax) || priceMax <= priceMin) {
+        return { bins: [], poc: priceMin, vah: priceMin, val: priceMin, totalVolume: 0 }
+    }
+
+    const binWidth = (priceMax - priceMin) / bins
+    const binVolumes: number[] = new Array(bins).fill(0)
+
+    // Distribute each bar's volume uniformly across the bins its [low, high] covers
+    for (let i = startIdx; i < n; i++) {
+        const bar = data[i]!
+        const barRange = bar.high - bar.low
+        if (barRange <= 0) {
+            const binIdx = Math.min(bins - 1, Math.max(0, Math.floor((bar.close - priceMin) / binWidth)))
+            binVolumes[binIdx]! += bar.volume ?? 0
+            continue
+        }
+        const volPerPrice = (bar.volume ?? 0) / barRange
+        const startBin = Math.max(0, Math.floor((bar.low - priceMin) / binWidth))
+        const endBin = Math.min(bins - 1, Math.floor((bar.high - priceMin) / binWidth))
+        for (let b = startBin; b <= endBin; b++) {
+            const binLow = priceMin + b * binWidth
+            const binHigh = binLow + binWidth
+            const overlapLow = Math.max(bar.low, binLow)
+            const overlapHigh = Math.min(bar.high, binHigh)
+            const overlap = overlapHigh - overlapLow
+            if (overlap > 0) {
+                binVolumes[b]! += overlap * volPerPrice
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const binsArr: VolumeProfileBin[] = binVolumes.map((v, b) => ({
+        priceLow: priceMin + b * binWidth,
+        priceHigh: priceMin + (b + 1) * binWidth,
+        volume: v,
+    }))
+
+    // POC = max-volume bin center
+    let pocBinIdx = 0
+    for (let b = 1; b < bins; b++) {
+        if (binVolumes[b]! > binVolumes[pocBinIdx]!) pocBinIdx = b
+    }
+    const poc = (binsArr[pocBinIdx]!.priceLow + binsArr[pocBinIdx]!.priceHigh) / 2
+
+    const totalVolume = binVolumes.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0)
+
+    // Value Area: expand outward from POC until cumulative volume >= valueAreaPercent of total
+    const target = totalVolume * valueAreaPercent
+    let acc = binVolumes[pocBinIdx]!
+    let lo = pocBinIdx
+    let hi = pocBinIdx
+    while (acc < target && (lo > 0 || hi < bins - 1)) {
+        const loCand = lo > 0 ? binVolumes[lo - 1]! : -Infinity
+        const hiCand = hi < bins - 1 ? binVolumes[hi + 1]! : -Infinity
+        if (loCand >= hiCand && lo > 0) {
+            lo--
+            acc += binVolumes[lo]!
+        } else if (hi < bins - 1) {
+            hi++
+            acc += binVolumes[hi]!
+        } else {
+            break
+        }
+    }
+    const val = binsArr[lo]!.priceLow
+    const vah = binsArr[hi]!.priceHigh
+
+    return { bins: binsArr, poc, vah, val, totalVolume }
+}
+
+export function calcVolumeProfileDataSoA(
+    layout: KLineSoALayout,
+    bins: number,
+    lookback: number,
+    valueAreaPercent: number,
+): VolumeProfileResult {
+    const data = SharedKLineBuffer.toKLineData(layout)
+    return calcVolumeProfileData(data, bins, lookback, valueAreaPercent)
+}