zxing_cpp_mac_big_sur 0.1.1

data/ext/zxing/zxing-cpp/core/src/zxing/aztec/AztecDetectorResult.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; tab-width:2; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:2 -*-
+/*
+ *  AtztecDetecorResult.cpp
+ *  zxing
+ *
+ *  Created by Lukas Stabe on 08/02/2012.
+ *  Copyright 2012 ZXing authors All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <zxing/aztec/AztecDetectorResult.h>
+
+using zxing::aztec::AztecDetectorResult;
+
+// VC++
+using zxing::Ref;
+using zxing::ArrayRef;
+using zxing::BitMatrix;
+using zxing::ResultPoint;
+
+
+AztecDetectorResult::AztecDetectorResult(Ref<BitMatrix> bits,
+                                         ArrayRef< Ref<ResultPoint> > points,
+                                         bool compact,
+                                         int nbDatablocks,
+                                         int nbLayers)
+  : DetectorResult(bits, points),
+    compact_(compact),
+    nbDatablocks_(nbDatablocks),
+    nbLayers_(nbLayers) {
+    }
+        
+bool AztecDetectorResult::isCompact() {
+  return compact_;
+}
+        
+int AztecDetectorResult::getNBDatablocks() {
+  return nbDatablocks_;
+}
+        
+int AztecDetectorResult::getNBLayers() {
+  return nbLayers_;
+}

data/ext/zxing/zxing-cpp/core/src/zxing/aztec/AztecDetectorResult.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; tab-width:2; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:2 -*-
+/*
+ *  AtztecDetecorResult.h
+ *  zxing
+ *
+ *  Created by Lukas Stabe on 08/02/2012.
+ *  Copyright 2012 ZXing authors All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <zxing/common/DetectorResult.h>
+
+#ifndef ZXingWidget_AtztecDetecorResult_h
+#define ZXingWidget_AtztecDetecorResult_h
+
+namespace zxing {
+namespace aztec {
+
+class AztecDetectorResult : public DetectorResult {
+ private:
+  bool compact_;
+  int nbDatablocks_, nbLayers_;
+ public:
+  AztecDetectorResult(Ref<BitMatrix> bits, 
+                      ArrayRef< Ref<ResultPoint> > points,
+                      bool compact,
+                      int nbDatablocks,
+                      int nbLayers);
+  bool isCompact();
+  int getNBDatablocks();
+  int getNBLayers();
+};
+
+}
+}
+
+#endif

data/ext/zxing/zxing-cpp/core/src/zxing/aztec/AztecReader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; tab-width:2; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:2 -*-
+/*
+ *  AztecReader.cpp
+ *  zxing
+ *
+ *  Created by Lukas Stabe on 08/02/2012.
+ *  Copyright 2012 ZXing authors All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <zxing/aztec/AztecReader.h>
+#include <zxing/aztec/detector/Detector.h>
+#include <zxing/common/DecoderResult.h>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using zxing::Ref;
+using zxing::ArrayRef;
+using zxing::Result;
+using zxing::aztec::AztecReader;
+
+// VC++
+using zxing::BinaryBitmap;
+using zxing::DecodeHints;
+        
+AztecReader::AztecReader() : decoder_() {
+  // nothing
+}
+        
+Ref<Result> AztecReader::decode(Ref<zxing::BinaryBitmap> image) {
+  Detector detector(image->getBlackMatrix());
+            
+  Ref<AztecDetectorResult> detectorResult(detector.detect());
+            
+  ArrayRef< Ref<ResultPoint> > points(detectorResult->getPoints());
+            
+  Ref<DecoderResult> decoderResult(decoder_.decode(detectorResult));
+            
+  Ref<Result> result(new Result(decoderResult->getText(),
+                                decoderResult->getRawBytes(),
+                                points,
+                                BarcodeFormat::AZTEC));
+            
+  return result;
+}
+        
+Ref<Result> AztecReader::decode(Ref<BinaryBitmap> image, DecodeHints) {
+  //cout << "decoding with hints not supported for aztec" << "\n" << flush;
+  return this->decode(image);
+}
+        
+AztecReader::~AztecReader() {
+  // nothing
+}
+        
+zxing::aztec::Decoder& AztecReader::getDecoder() {
+  return decoder_;
+}

data/ext/zxing/zxing-cpp/core/src/zxing/aztec/AztecReader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; tab-width:2; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:2 -*-
+/*
+ *  AztecReader.h
+ *  zxing
+ *
+ *  Created by Lukas Stabe on 08/02/2012.
+ *  Copyright 2012 ZXing authors All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <zxing/Reader.h>
+#include <zxing/aztec/decoder/Decoder.h>
+#include <zxing/DecodeHints.h>
+
+#ifndef ZXingWidget_AztecReader_h
+#define ZXingWidget_AztecReader_h
+
+namespace zxing {
+namespace aztec {
+        
+class AztecReader : public Reader {
+ private:
+  Decoder decoder_;
+            
+ protected:
+  Decoder &getDecoder();
+            
+ public:
+  AztecReader();
+  virtual Ref<Result> decode(Ref<BinaryBitmap> image);
+  virtual Ref<Result> decode(Ref<BinaryBitmap> image, DecodeHints hints);
+  virtual ~AztecReader();
+};
+        
+}
+}
+
+#endif

data/ext/zxing/zxing-cpp/core/src/zxing/aztec/decoder/Decoder.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+// -*- mode:c++; tab-width:2; indent-tabs-mode:nil; c-basic-offset:2 -*-
+/*
+ *  Decoder.cpp
+ *  zxing
+ *
+ *  Created by Lukas Stabe on 08/02/2012.
+ *  Copyright 2012 ZXing authors All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <zxing/aztec/decoder/Decoder.h>
+#ifndef NO_ICONV
+#include <iconv.h>
+#endif
+#include <iostream>
+#include <zxing/FormatException.h>
+#include <zxing/common/reedsolomon/ReedSolomonDecoder.h>
+#include <zxing/common/reedsolomon/ReedSolomonException.h>
+#include <zxing/common/reedsolomon/GenericGF.h>
+#include <zxing/common/IllegalArgumentException.h>
+#include <zxing/common/DecoderResult.h>
+
+using zxing::aztec::Decoder;
+using zxing::DecoderResult;
+using zxing::String;
+using zxing::BitArray;
+using zxing::BitMatrix;
+using zxing::Ref;
+
+using std::string;
+
+namespace {
+  void add(string& result, char character) {
+#ifndef NO_ICONV
+    char character2 = character & 0xff;
+    char s[] =  {character2};
+    char* ss = s;
+    size_t sl = sizeof(s);
+    char d[4];
+    char* ds = d;
+    size_t dl = sizeof(d);
+    iconv_t ic = iconv_open("UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1");
+    iconv(ic, &ss, &sl, &ds, &dl);
+    iconv_close(ic);
+    d[sizeof(d)-dl] = 0;
+    result.append(d);
+#else
+    result.push_back(character);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  const int NB_BITS_COMPACT[] = {
+    0, 104, 240, 408, 608
+  };
+        
+  const int NB_BITS[] = {
+    0, 128, 288, 480, 704, 960, 1248, 1568, 1920, 2304, 2720, 3168, 3648, 4160, 4704, 5280, 5888, 6528,
+    7200, 7904, 8640, 9408, 10208, 11040, 11904, 12800, 13728, 14688, 15680, 16704, 17760, 18848, 19968
+  };
+        
+  const int NB_DATABLOCK_COMPACT[] = {
+    0, 17, 40, 51, 76
+  };
+        
+  const int NB_DATABLOCK[] = {
+    0, 21, 48, 60, 88, 120, 156, 196, 240, 230, 272, 316, 364, 416, 470, 528, 588, 652, 720, 790, 864,
+    940, 1020, 920, 992, 1066, 1144, 1224, 1306, 1392, 1480, 1570, 1664
+  };
+        
+  const char* UPPER_TABLE[] = {
+    "CTRL_PS", " ", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P",
+    "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z", "CTRL_LL", "CTRL_ML", "CTRL_DL", "CTRL_BS"
+  };
+        
+  const char* LOWER_TABLE[] = {
+    "CTRL_PS", " ", "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p",
+    "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z", "CTRL_US", "CTRL_ML", "CTRL_DL", "CTRL_BS"
+  };
+        
+  const char* MIXED_TABLE[] = {
+    "CTRL_PS", " ", "\1", "\2", "\3", "\4", "\5", "\6", "\7", "\b", "\t", "\n",
+    "\13", "\f", "\r", "\33", "\34", "\35", "\36", "\37", "@", "\\", "^", "_",
+    "`", "|", "~", "\177", "CTRL_LL", "CTRL_UL", "CTRL_PL", "CTRL_BS"
+  };
+        
+  const char* PUNCT_TABLE[] = {
+    "", "\r", "\r\n", ". ", ", ", ": ", "!", "\"", "#", "$", "%", "&", "'", "(", ")",
+    "*", "+", ",", "-", ".", "/", ":", ";", "<", "=", ">", "?", "[", "]", "{", "}", "CTRL_UL"
+  };
+        
+  const char* DIGIT_TABLE[] = {
+    "CTRL_PS", " ", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", ",", ".", "CTRL_UL", "CTRL_US"
+  };
+}
+        
+Decoder::Table Decoder::getTable(char t) {
+  switch (t) {
+  case 'L':
+    return LOWER;
+  case 'P':
+    return PUNCT;
+  case 'M':
+    return MIXED;
+  case 'D':
+    return DIGIT;
+  case 'B':
+    return BINARY;
+  case 'U':
+  default:
+    return UPPER;
+  }
+}
+        
+const char* Decoder::getCharacter(zxing::aztec::Decoder::Table table, int code) {
+  switch (table) {
+  case UPPER:
+    return UPPER_TABLE[code];
+  case LOWER:
+    return LOWER_TABLE[code];
+  case MIXED:
+    return MIXED_TABLE[code];
+  case PUNCT:
+    return PUNCT_TABLE[code];
+  case DIGIT:
+    return DIGIT_TABLE[code];
+  default:
+    return "";
+  }
+}
+        
+Decoder::Decoder() {
+  // nothing
+}
+        
+Ref<DecoderResult> Decoder::decode(Ref<zxing::aztec::AztecDetectorResult> detectorResult) {
+  ddata_ = detectorResult;
+            
+  // std::printf("getting bits\n");
+            
+  Ref<BitMatrix> matrix = detectorResult->getBits();
+            
+  if (!ddata_->isCompact()) {
+    // std::printf("removing lines\n");
+    matrix = removeDashedLines(ddata_->getBits());
+  }
+            
+  // std::printf("extracting bits\n");
+  Ref<BitArray> rawbits = extractBits(matrix);
+            
+  // std::printf("correcting bits\n");
+  Ref<BitArray> aCorrectedBits = correctBits(rawbits);
+            
+  // std::printf("decoding bits\n");
+  Ref<String> result = getEncodedData(aCorrectedBits);
+            
+  // std::printf("constructing array\n");
+  ArrayRef<char> arrayOut(aCorrectedBits->getSize());
+  for (int i = 0; i < aCorrectedBits->count(); i++) {
+    arrayOut[i] = (char)aCorrectedBits->get(i);
+  }
+            
+  // std::printf("returning\n");
+            
+  return Ref<DecoderResult>(new DecoderResult(arrayOut, result));
+}
+        
+Ref<String> Decoder::getEncodedData(Ref<zxing::BitArray> correctedBits) {
+  int endIndex = codewordSize_ * ddata_->getNBDatablocks() - invertedBitCount_;
+  if (endIndex > (int)correctedBits->getSize()) {
+    // std::printf("invalid input\n");
+    throw FormatException("invalid input data");
+  }
+            
+  Table lastTable = UPPER;
+  Table table = UPPER;
+  int startIndex = 0;
+  std::string result;
+  bool end = false;
+  bool shift = false;
+  bool switchShift = false;
+  bool binaryShift = false;
+            
+  while (!end) {
+    // std::printf("decoooooding\n");
+                
+    if (shift) {
+      switchShift = true;
+    } else {
+      lastTable = table;
+    }
+                
+    int code;
+    if (binaryShift) {
+      if (endIndex - startIndex < 5) {
+        break;
+      }
+                    
+      int length = readCode(correctedBits, startIndex, 5);
+      startIndex += 5;
+      if (length == 0) {
+        if (endIndex - startIndex < 11) {
+          break;
+        }
+                        
+        length = readCode(correctedBits, startIndex, 11) + 31;
+        startIndex += 11;
+      }
+      for (int charCount = 0; charCount < length; charCount++) {
+        if (endIndex - startIndex < 8) {
+          end = true;
+          break;
+        }
+                        
+        code = readCode(correctedBits, startIndex, 8);
+        add(result, code);
+        startIndex += 8;
+      }
+      binaryShift = false;
+    } else {
+      if (table == BINARY) {
+        if (endIndex - startIndex < 8) {
+          break;
+        }
+        code = readCode(correctedBits, startIndex, 8);
+        startIndex += 8;
+                        
+        add(result, code);
+      } else {
+        int size = 5;
+                        
+        if (table == DIGIT) {
+          size = 4;
+        }
+                        
+        if (endIndex - startIndex < size) {
+          break;
+        }
+                        
+        code = readCode(correctedBits, startIndex, size);
+        startIndex += size;
+                        
+        const char *str = getCharacter(table, code);
+        std::string string(str);
+        if ((int)string.find("CTRL_") != -1) {
+          table = getTable(str[5]);
+                            
+          if (str[6] == 'S') {
+            shift = true;
+            if (str[5] == 'B') {
+              binaryShift = true;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          result.append(string);
+        }
+                        
+      }
+    }
+                
+    if (switchShift) {
+      table = lastTable;
+      shift = false;
+      switchShift = false;
+    }
+                
+                
+  }
+            
+  return Ref<String>(new String(result));
+            
+}
+        
+Ref<BitArray> Decoder::correctBits(Ref<zxing::BitArray> rawbits) {
+  //return rawbits;
+  // std::printf("decoding stuff:%d datablocks in %d layers\n", ddata_->getNBDatablocks(), ddata_->getNBLayers());
+            
+  Ref<GenericGF> gf = GenericGF::AZTEC_DATA_6;
+            
+  if (ddata_->getNBLayers() <= 2) {
+    codewordSize_ = 6;
+    gf = GenericGF::AZTEC_DATA_6;
+  } else if (ddata_->getNBLayers() <= 8) {
+    codewordSize_ = 8;
+    gf = GenericGF::AZTEC_DATA_8;
+  } else if (ddata_->getNBLayers() <= 22) {
+    codewordSize_ = 10;
+    gf = GenericGF::AZTEC_DATA_10;
+  } else {
+    codewordSize_ = 12;
+    gf = GenericGF::AZTEC_DATA_12;
+  }
+            
+  int numDataCodewords = ddata_->getNBDatablocks();
+  int numECCodewords;
+  int offset;
+            
+  if (ddata_->isCompact()) {
+    offset = NB_BITS_COMPACT[ddata_->getNBLayers()] - numCodewords_ * codewordSize_;
+    numECCodewords = NB_DATABLOCK_COMPACT[ddata_->getNBLayers()] - numDataCodewords;
+  } else {
+    offset = NB_BITS[ddata_->getNBLayers()] - numCodewords_ * codewordSize_;
+    numECCodewords = NB_DATABLOCK[ddata_->getNBLayers()] - numDataCodewords;
+  }
+            
+  ArrayRef<int> dataWords(numCodewords_);
+            
+  for (int i = 0; i < numCodewords_; i++) {
+    int flag = 1;
+    for (int j = 1; j <= codewordSize_; j++) {
+      if (rawbits->get(codewordSize_ * i + codewordSize_ - j + offset)) {
+        dataWords[i] += flag;
+      }
+      flag <<= 1;
+    }
+                
+    //
+    //
+    //
+  }
+            
+  try {
+    ReedSolomonDecoder rsDecoder(gf);
+    rsDecoder.decode(dataWords, numECCodewords);
+  } catch (ReedSolomonException const& ignored) {
+    (void)ignored;
+    // std::printf("got reed solomon exception:%s, throwing formatexception\n", rse.what());
+    throw FormatException("rs decoding failed");
+  } catch (IllegalArgumentException const& iae) {
+    (void)iae;
+    // std::printf("illegal argument exception: %s", iae.what());
+  }
+            
+  offset = 0;
+  invertedBitCount_ = 0;
+            
+  Ref<BitArray> correctedBits(new BitArray(numDataCodewords * codewordSize_));
+  for (int i = 0; i < numDataCodewords; i++) {
+                
+    bool seriesColor = false;
+    int seriesCount = 0;
+    int flag = 1 << (codewordSize_ - 1);
+                
+    for (int j = 0; j < codewordSize_; j++) {
+                    
+      bool color = (dataWords[i] & flag) == flag;
+                    
+      if (seriesCount == codewordSize_ - 1) {
+                        
+        if (color == seriesColor) {
+          throw FormatException("bit was not inverted");
+        }
+                        
+        seriesColor = false;
+        seriesCount = 0;
+        offset++;
+        invertedBitCount_++;
+                        
+      } else {
+                        
+        if (seriesColor == color) {
+          seriesCount++;
+        } else {
+          seriesCount = 1;
+          seriesColor = color;
+        }
+                        
+        if (color) correctedBits->set(i * codewordSize_ + j - offset);
+                        
+      }
+                    
+      flag = ((unsigned int)flag) >> 1;
+                    
+    }
+  }
+            
+  return correctedBits;
+}
+        
+Ref<BitArray> Decoder::extractBits(Ref<zxing::BitMatrix> matrix) {
+  std::vector<bool> rawbits;
+            
+  if (ddata_->isCompact()) {
+    if (ddata_->getNBLayers() > 5) { //NB_BITS_COMPACT length
+      throw FormatException("data is too long");
+    }
+    rawbits = std::vector<bool>(NB_BITS_COMPACT[ddata_->getNBLayers()]);
+    numCodewords_ = NB_DATABLOCK_COMPACT[ddata_->getNBLayers()];
+  } else {
+    if (ddata_->getNBLayers() > 33) { //NB_BITS length
+      throw FormatException("data is too long");
+    }
+    rawbits = std::vector<bool>(NB_BITS[ddata_->getNBLayers()]);
+    numCodewords_ = NB_DATABLOCK[ddata_->getNBLayers()];
+  }
+            
+  int layer = ddata_->getNBLayers();
+  int size = matrix->getHeight();
+  int rawbitsOffset = 0;
+  int matrixOffset = 0;
+            
+
+  while (layer != 0) {
+                
+    int flip = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2 * size - 4; i++) {
+      rawbits[rawbitsOffset + i] = matrix->get(matrixOffset + flip, matrixOffset + i / 2);
+      rawbits[rawbitsOffset + 2 * size - 4 + i] = matrix->get(matrixOffset + i / 2, matrixOffset + size - 1 - flip);
+      flip = (flip + 1) % 2;
+    }
+                
+    flip = 0;
+    for (int i = 2 * size + 1; i > 5; i--) {
+      rawbits[rawbitsOffset + 4 * size - 8 + (2 * size - i) + 1] =
+        matrix->get(matrixOffset + size - 1 - flip, matrixOffset + i / 2 - 1);
+      rawbits[rawbitsOffset + 6 * size - 12 + (2 * size - i) + 1] =
+        matrix->get(matrixOffset + i / 2 - 1, matrixOffset + flip);
+      flip = (flip + 1) % 2;
+    }
+                
+    matrixOffset += 2;
+    rawbitsOffset += 8 * size - 16;
+    layer--;
+    size -= 4;
+                
+  }
+            
+  Ref<BitArray> returnValue(new BitArray(rawbits.size()));
+  for (int i = 0; i < (int)rawbits.size(); i++) {
+    if (rawbits[i]) returnValue->set(i);
+  }
+            
+  return returnValue;
+            
+}
+        
+Ref<BitMatrix> Decoder::removeDashedLines(Ref<zxing::BitMatrix> matrix) {
+  int nbDashed = 1 + 2 * ((matrix->getWidth() - 1) / 2 / 16);
+  Ref<BitMatrix> newMatrix(new BitMatrix(matrix->getWidth() - nbDashed, matrix->getHeight() - nbDashed));
+            
+  int nx = 0;
+            
+  for (int x = 0; x < (int)matrix->getWidth(); x++) {
+                
+    if ((matrix->getWidth() / 2 - x) % 16 == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+                
+    int ny = 0;
+    for (int y = 0; y < (int)matrix->getHeight(); y++) {
+                    
+      if ((matrix->getWidth() / 2 - y) % 16 == 0) {
+        continue;
+      }
+                    
+      if (matrix->get(x, y)) {
+        newMatrix->set(nx, ny);
+      }
+      ny++;
+                    
+    }
+    nx++;
+                
+  }
+  return newMatrix;
+}
+        
+int Decoder::readCode(Ref<zxing::BitArray> rawbits, int startIndex, int length) {
+  int res = 0;
+            
+  for (int i = startIndex; i < startIndex + length; i++) {
+    res <<= 1;
+    if (rawbits->get(i)) {
+      res ++;
+    }
+  }
+            
+  return res;
+}