zuora_connect_ui 0.8.3 → 0.9.0

data/vendor/ruby/2.6.0/gems/sassc-2.2.1/ext/libsass/src/eval.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,1657 @@
+// sass.hpp must go before all system headers to get the
+// __EXTENSIONS__ fix on Solaris.
+#include "sass.hpp"
+
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+#include "file.hpp"
+#include "eval.hpp"
+#include "ast.hpp"
+#include "bind.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
+#include "inspect.hpp"
+#include "operators.hpp"
+#include "environment.hpp"
+#include "position.hpp"
+#include "sass/values.h"
+#include "to_value.hpp"
+#include "ast2c.hpp"
+#include "c2ast.hpp"
+#include "context.hpp"
+#include "backtrace.hpp"
+#include "lexer.hpp"
+#include "prelexer.hpp"
+#include "parser.hpp"
+#include "expand.hpp"
+#include "color_maps.hpp"
+#include "sass_functions.hpp"
+#include "util_string.hpp"
+
+namespace Sass {
+
+  Eval::Eval(Expand& exp)
+  : exp(exp),
+    ctx(exp.ctx),
+    traces(exp.traces),
+    force(false),
+    is_in_comment(false),
+    is_in_selector_schema(false)
+  {
+    bool_true = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, "[NA]", true);
+    bool_false = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, "[NA]", false);
+  }
+  Eval::~Eval() { }
+
+  Env* Eval::environment()
+  {
+    return exp.environment();
+  }
+
+  const std::string Eval::cwd()
+  {
+    return ctx.cwd();
+  }
+
+  struct Sass_Inspect_Options& Eval::options()
+  {
+    return ctx.c_options;
+  }
+
+  struct Sass_Compiler* Eval::compiler()
+  {
+    return ctx.c_compiler;
+  }
+
+  EnvStack& Eval::env_stack()
+  {
+    return exp.env_stack;
+  }
+
+  Selector_List_Obj Eval::selector()
+  {
+    return exp.selector();
+  }
+
+  std::vector<Sass_Callee>& Eval::callee_stack()
+  {
+    return ctx.callee_stack;
+  }
+
+
+  SelectorStack& Eval::selector_stack()
+  {
+    return exp.selector_stack;
+  }
+
+  bool& Eval::old_at_root_without_rule()
+  {
+    return exp.old_at_root_without_rule;
+  }
+
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Block* b)
+  {
+    Expression* val = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, L = b->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+      val = b->at(i)->perform(this);
+      if (val) return val;
+    }
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Assignment* a)
+  {
+    Env* env = environment();
+    std::string var(a->variable());
+    if (a->is_global()) {
+      if (a->is_default()) {
+        if (env->has_global(var)) {
+          Expression* e = Cast<Expression>(env->get_global(var));
+          if (!e || e->concrete_type() == Expression::NULL_VAL) {
+            env->set_global(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+          }
+        }
+        else {
+          env->set_global(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        env->set_global(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+      }
+    }
+    else if (a->is_default()) {
+      if (env->has_lexical(var)) {
+        auto cur = env;
+        while (cur && cur->is_lexical()) {
+          if (cur->has_local(var)) {
+            if (AST_Node_Obj node = cur->get_local(var)) {
+              Expression* e = Cast<Expression>(node);
+              if (!e || e->concrete_type() == Expression::NULL_VAL) {
+                cur->set_local(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+              }
+            }
+            else {
+              throw std::runtime_error("Env not in sync");
+            }
+            return 0;
+          }
+          cur = cur->parent();
+        }
+        throw std::runtime_error("Env not in sync");
+      }
+      else if (env->has_global(var)) {
+        if (AST_Node_Obj node = env->get_global(var)) {
+          Expression* e = Cast<Expression>(node);
+          if (!e || e->concrete_type() == Expression::NULL_VAL) {
+            env->set_global(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      else if (env->is_lexical()) {
+        env->set_local(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+      }
+      else {
+        env->set_local(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      env->set_lexical(var, a->value()->perform(this));
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(If* i)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj rv;
+    Env env(environment());
+    env_stack().push_back(&env);
+    Expression_Obj cond = i->predicate()->perform(this);
+    if (!cond->is_false()) {
+      rv = i->block()->perform(this);
+    }
+    else {
+      Block_Obj alt = i->alternative();
+      if (alt) rv = alt->perform(this);
+    }
+    env_stack().pop_back();
+    return rv.detach();
+  }
+
+  // For does not create a new env scope
+  // But iteration vars are reset afterwards
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(For* f)
+  {
+    std::string variable(f->variable());
+    Expression_Obj low = f->lower_bound()->perform(this);
+    if (low->concrete_type() != Expression::NUMBER) {
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(low->pstate()));
+      throw Exception::TypeMismatch(traces, *low, "integer");
+    }
+    Expression_Obj high = f->upper_bound()->perform(this);
+    if (high->concrete_type() != Expression::NUMBER) {
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(high->pstate()));
+      throw Exception::TypeMismatch(traces, *high, "integer");
+    }
+    Number_Obj sass_start = Cast<Number>(low);
+    Number_Obj sass_end = Cast<Number>(high);
+    // check if units are valid for sequence
+    if (sass_start->unit() != sass_end->unit()) {
+      std::stringstream msg; msg << "Incompatible units: '"
+        << sass_end->unit() << "' and '"
+        << sass_start->unit() << "'.";
+      error(msg.str(), low->pstate(), traces);
+    }
+    double start = sass_start->value();
+    double end = sass_end->value();
+    // only create iterator once in this environment
+    Env env(environment(), true);
+    env_stack().push_back(&env);
+    Block_Obj body = f->block();
+    Expression* val = 0;
+    if (start < end) {
+      if (f->is_inclusive()) ++end;
+      for (double i = start;
+           i < end;
+           ++i) {
+        Number_Obj it = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Number, low->pstate(), i, sass_end->unit());
+        env.set_local(variable, it);
+        val = body->perform(this);
+        if (val) break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (f->is_inclusive()) --end;
+      for (double i = start;
+           i > end;
+           --i) {
+        Number_Obj it = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Number, low->pstate(), i, sass_end->unit());
+        env.set_local(variable, it);
+        val = body->perform(this);
+        if (val) break;
+      }
+    }
+    env_stack().pop_back();
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  // Eval does not create a new env scope
+  // But iteration vars are reset afterwards
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Each* e)
+  {
+    std::vector<std::string> variables(e->variables());
+    Expression_Obj expr = e->list()->perform(this);
+    Env env(environment(), true);
+    env_stack().push_back(&env);
+    List_Obj list;
+    Map* map = nullptr;
+    if (expr->concrete_type() == Expression::MAP) {
+      map = Cast<Map>(expr);
+    }
+    else if (Selector_List* ls = Cast<Selector_List>(expr)) {
+      Listize listize;
+      Expression_Obj rv = ls->perform(&listize);
+      list = Cast<List>(rv);
+    }
+    else if (expr->concrete_type() != Expression::LIST) {
+      list = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List, expr->pstate(), 1, SASS_COMMA);
+      list->append(expr);
+    }
+    else {
+      list = Cast<List>(expr);
+    }
+
+    Block_Obj body = e->block();
+    Expression_Obj val;
+
+    if (map) {
+      for (Expression_Obj key : map->keys()) {
+        Expression_Obj value = map->at(key);
+
+        if (variables.size() == 1) {
+          List* variable = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List, map->pstate(), 2, SASS_SPACE);
+          variable->append(key);
+          variable->append(value);
+          env.set_local(variables[0], variable);
+        } else {
+          env.set_local(variables[0], key);
+          env.set_local(variables[1], value);
+        }
+
+        val = body->perform(this);
+        if (val) break;
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      if (list->length() == 1 && Cast<Selector_List>(list)) {
+        list = Cast<List>(list);
+      }
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = list->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+        Expression* item = list->at(i);
+        // unwrap value if the expression is an argument
+        if (Argument* arg = Cast<Argument>(item)) item = arg->value();
+        // check if we got passed a list of args (investigate)
+        if (List* scalars = Cast<List>(item)) {
+          if (variables.size() == 1) {
+            Expression* var = scalars;
+            env.set_local(variables[0], var);
+          } else {
+            // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+            for (size_t j = 0, K = variables.size(); j < K; ++j) {
+              Expression* res = j >= scalars->length()
+                ? SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Null, expr->pstate())
+                : scalars->at(j);
+              env.set_local(variables[j], res);
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (variables.size() > 0) {
+            env.set_local(variables.at(0), item);
+            for (size_t j = 1, K = variables.size(); j < K; ++j) {
+              // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+              Expression* res = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Null, expr->pstate());
+              env.set_local(variables[j], res);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        val = body->perform(this);
+        if (val) break;
+      }
+    }
+    env_stack().pop_back();
+    return val.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(While* w)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj pred = w->predicate();
+    Block_Obj body = w->block();
+    Env env(environment(), true);
+    env_stack().push_back(&env);
+    Expression_Obj cond = pred->perform(this);
+    while (!cond->is_false()) {
+      Expression_Obj val = body->perform(this);
+      if (val) {
+        env_stack().pop_back();
+        return val.detach();
+      }
+      cond = pred->perform(this);
+    }
+    env_stack().pop_back();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Return* r)
+  {
+    return r->value()->perform(this);
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Warning* w)
+  {
+    Sass_Output_Style outstyle = options().output_style;
+    options().output_style = NESTED;
+    Expression_Obj message = w->message()->perform(this);
+    Env* env = environment();
+
+    // try to use generic function
+    if (env->has("@warn[f]")) {
+
+      // add call stack entry
+      callee_stack().push_back({
+        "@warn",
+        w->pstate().path,
+        w->pstate().line + 1,
+        w->pstate().column + 1,
+        SASS_CALLEE_FUNCTION,
+        { env }
+      });
+
+      Definition* def = Cast<Definition>((*env)["@warn[f]"]);
+      // Block_Obj          body   = def->block();
+      // Native_Function func   = def->native_function();
+      Sass_Function_Entry c_function = def->c_function();
+      Sass_Function_Fn c_func = sass_function_get_function(c_function);
+
+      AST2C ast2c;
+      union Sass_Value* c_args = sass_make_list(1, SASS_COMMA, false);
+      sass_list_set_value(c_args, 0, message->perform(&ast2c));
+      union Sass_Value* c_val = c_func(c_args, c_function, compiler());
+      options().output_style = outstyle;
+      callee_stack().pop_back();
+      sass_delete_value(c_args);
+      sass_delete_value(c_val);
+      return 0;
+
+    }
+
+    std::string result(unquote(message->to_sass()));
+    std::cerr << "WARNING: " << result << std::endl;
+    traces.push_back(Backtrace(w->pstate()));
+    std::cerr << traces_to_string(traces, "         ");
+    std::cerr << std::endl;
+    options().output_style = outstyle;
+    traces.pop_back();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Error* e)
+  {
+    Sass_Output_Style outstyle = options().output_style;
+    options().output_style = NESTED;
+    Expression_Obj message = e->message()->perform(this);
+    Env* env = environment();
+
+    // try to use generic function
+    if (env->has("@error[f]")) {
+
+      // add call stack entry
+      callee_stack().push_back({
+        "@error",
+        e->pstate().path,
+        e->pstate().line + 1,
+        e->pstate().column + 1,
+        SASS_CALLEE_FUNCTION,
+        { env }
+      });
+
+      Definition* def = Cast<Definition>((*env)["@error[f]"]);
+      // Block_Obj          body   = def->block();
+      // Native_Function func   = def->native_function();
+      Sass_Function_Entry c_function = def->c_function();
+      Sass_Function_Fn c_func = sass_function_get_function(c_function);
+
+      AST2C ast2c;
+      union Sass_Value* c_args = sass_make_list(1, SASS_COMMA, false);
+      sass_list_set_value(c_args, 0, message->perform(&ast2c));
+      union Sass_Value* c_val = c_func(c_args, c_function, compiler());
+      options().output_style = outstyle;
+      callee_stack().pop_back();
+      sass_delete_value(c_args);
+      sass_delete_value(c_val);
+      return 0;
+
+    }
+
+    std::string result(unquote(message->to_sass()));
+    options().output_style = outstyle;
+    error(result, e->pstate(), traces);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Debug* d)
+  {
+    Sass_Output_Style outstyle = options().output_style;
+    options().output_style = NESTED;
+    Expression_Obj message = d->value()->perform(this);
+    Env* env = environment();
+
+    // try to use generic function
+    if (env->has("@debug[f]")) {
+
+      // add call stack entry
+      callee_stack().push_back({
+        "@debug",
+        d->pstate().path,
+        d->pstate().line + 1,
+        d->pstate().column + 1,
+        SASS_CALLEE_FUNCTION,
+        { env }
+      });
+
+      Definition* def = Cast<Definition>((*env)["@debug[f]"]);
+      // Block_Obj          body   = def->block();
+      // Native_Function func   = def->native_function();
+      Sass_Function_Entry c_function = def->c_function();
+      Sass_Function_Fn c_func = sass_function_get_function(c_function);
+
+      AST2C ast2c;
+      union Sass_Value* c_args = sass_make_list(1, SASS_COMMA, false);
+      sass_list_set_value(c_args, 0, message->perform(&ast2c));
+      union Sass_Value* c_val = c_func(c_args, c_function, compiler());
+      options().output_style = outstyle;
+      callee_stack().pop_back();
+      sass_delete_value(c_args);
+      sass_delete_value(c_val);
+      return 0;
+
+    }
+
+    std::string result(unquote(message->to_sass()));
+    std::string abs_path(Sass::File::rel2abs(d->pstate().path, cwd(), cwd()));
+    std::string rel_path(Sass::File::abs2rel(d->pstate().path, cwd(), cwd()));
+    std::string output_path(Sass::File::path_for_console(rel_path, abs_path, d->pstate().path));
+    options().output_style = outstyle;
+
+    std::cerr << output_path << ":" << d->pstate().line+1 << " DEBUG: " << result;
+    std::cerr << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(List* l)
+  {
+    // special case for unevaluated map
+    if (l->separator() == SASS_HASH) {
+      Map_Obj lm = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Map,
+                                l->pstate(),
+                                l->length() / 2);
+      for (size_t i = 0, L = l->length(); i < L; i += 2)
+      {
+        Expression_Obj key = (*l)[i+0]->perform(this);
+        Expression_Obj val = (*l)[i+1]->perform(this);
+        // make sure the color key never displays its real name
+        key->is_delayed(true); // verified
+        *lm << std::make_pair(key, val);
+      }
+      if (lm->has_duplicate_key()) {
+        traces.push_back(Backtrace(l->pstate()));
+        throw Exception::DuplicateKeyError(traces, *lm, *l);
+      }
+
+      lm->is_interpolant(l->is_interpolant());
+      return lm->perform(this);
+    }
+    // check if we should expand it
+    if (l->is_expanded()) return l;
+    // regular case for unevaluated lists
+    List_Obj ll = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List,
+                               l->pstate(),
+                               l->length(),
+                               l->separator(),
+                               l->is_arglist(),
+                               l->is_bracketed());
+    for (size_t i = 0, L = l->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+      ll->append((*l)[i]->perform(this));
+    }
+    ll->is_interpolant(l->is_interpolant());
+    ll->from_selector(l->from_selector());
+    ll->is_expanded(true);
+    return ll.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Map* m)
+  {
+    if (m->is_expanded()) return m;
+
+    // make sure we're not starting with duplicate keys.
+    // the duplicate key state will have been set in the parser phase.
+    if (m->has_duplicate_key()) {
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(m->pstate()));
+      throw Exception::DuplicateKeyError(traces, *m, *m);
+    }
+
+    Map_Obj mm = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Map,
+                                m->pstate(),
+                                m->length());
+    for (auto key : m->keys()) {
+      Expression* ex_key = key->perform(this);
+      Expression* ex_val = m->at(key);
+      if (ex_val == NULL) continue;
+      ex_val = ex_val->perform(this);
+      *mm << std::make_pair(ex_key, ex_val);
+    }
+
+    // check the evaluated keys aren't duplicates.
+    if (mm->has_duplicate_key()) {
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(m->pstate()));
+      throw Exception::DuplicateKeyError(traces, *mm, *m);
+    }
+
+    mm->is_expanded(true);
+    return mm.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Binary_Expression* b_in)
+  {
+
+    Expression_Obj lhs = b_in->left();
+    Expression_Obj rhs = b_in->right();
+    enum Sass_OP op_type = b_in->optype();
+
+    if (op_type == Sass_OP::AND) {
+      // LOCAL_FLAG(force, true);
+      lhs = lhs->perform(this);
+      if (!*lhs) return lhs.detach();
+      return rhs->perform(this);
+    }
+    else if (op_type == Sass_OP::OR) {
+      // LOCAL_FLAG(force, true);
+      lhs = lhs->perform(this);
+      if (*lhs) return lhs.detach();
+      return rhs->perform(this);
+    }
+
+    // Evaluate variables as early o
+    while (Variable* l_v = Cast<Variable>(lhs)) {
+      lhs = operator()(l_v);
+    }
+    while (Variable* r_v = Cast<Variable>(rhs)) {
+      rhs = operator()(r_v);
+    }
+
+    Binary_Expression_Obj b = b_in;
+
+    // Evaluate sub-expressions early on
+    while (Binary_Expression* l_b = Cast<Binary_Expression>(lhs)) {
+      if (!force && l_b->is_delayed()) break;
+      lhs = operator()(l_b);
+    }
+    while (Binary_Expression* r_b = Cast<Binary_Expression>(rhs)) {
+      if (!force && r_b->is_delayed()) break;
+      rhs = operator()(r_b);
+    }
+
+    // don't eval delayed expressions (the '/' when used as a separator)
+    if (!force && op_type == Sass_OP::DIV && b->is_delayed()) {
+      b->right(b->right()->perform(this));
+      b->left(b->left()->perform(this));
+      return b.detach();
+    }
+
+    // specific types we know are final
+    // handle them early to avoid overhead
+    if (Number* l_n = Cast<Number>(lhs)) {
+      // lhs is number and rhs is number
+      if (Number* r_n = Cast<Number>(rhs)) {
+        try {
+          switch (op_type) {
+            case Sass_OP::EQ: return *l_n == *r_n ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::NEQ: return *l_n == *r_n ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::LT: return *l_n < *r_n ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::GTE: return *l_n < *r_n ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::LTE: return *l_n < *r_n || *l_n == *r_n ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::GT: return *l_n < *r_n || *l_n == *r_n ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::ADD: case Sass_OP::SUB: case Sass_OP::MUL: case Sass_OP::DIV: case Sass_OP::MOD:
+              return Operators::op_numbers(op_type, *l_n, *r_n, options(), b_in->pstate());
+            default: break;
+          }
+        }
+        catch (Exception::OperationError& err)
+        {
+          traces.push_back(Backtrace(b_in->pstate()));
+          throw Exception::SassValueError(traces, b_in->pstate(), err);
+        }
+      }
+      // lhs is number and rhs is color
+      // Todo: allow to work with HSLA colors
+      else if (Color* r_col = Cast<Color>(rhs)) {
+        Color_RGBA_Obj r_c = r_col->toRGBA();
+        try {
+          switch (op_type) {
+            case Sass_OP::EQ: return *l_n == *r_c ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::NEQ: return *l_n == *r_c ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::ADD: case Sass_OP::SUB: case Sass_OP::MUL: case Sass_OP::DIV: case Sass_OP::MOD:
+              return Operators::op_number_color(op_type, *l_n, *r_c, options(), b_in->pstate());
+            default: break;
+          }
+        }
+        catch (Exception::OperationError& err)
+        {
+          traces.push_back(Backtrace(b_in->pstate()));
+          throw Exception::SassValueError(traces, b_in->pstate(), err);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else if (Color* l_col = Cast<Color>(lhs)) {
+      Color_RGBA_Obj l_c = l_col->toRGBA();
+      // lhs is color and rhs is color
+      if (Color* r_col = Cast<Color>(rhs)) {
+        Color_RGBA_Obj r_c = r_col->toRGBA();
+        try {
+          switch (op_type) {
+            case Sass_OP::EQ: return *l_c == *r_c ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::NEQ: return *l_c == *r_c ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::LT: return *l_c < *r_c ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::GTE: return *l_c < *r_c ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::LTE: return *l_c < *r_c || *l_c == *r_c ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::GT: return *l_c < *r_c || *l_c == *r_c ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::ADD: case Sass_OP::SUB: case Sass_OP::MUL: case Sass_OP::DIV: case Sass_OP::MOD:
+              return Operators::op_colors(op_type, *l_c, *r_c, options(), b_in->pstate());
+            default: break;
+          }
+        }
+        catch (Exception::OperationError& err)
+        {
+          traces.push_back(Backtrace(b_in->pstate()));
+          throw Exception::SassValueError(traces, b_in->pstate(), err);
+        }
+      }
+      // lhs is color and rhs is number
+      else if (Number* r_n = Cast<Number>(rhs)) {
+        try {
+          switch (op_type) {
+            case Sass_OP::EQ: return *l_c == *r_n ? bool_true : bool_false;
+            case Sass_OP::NEQ: return *l_c == *r_n ? bool_false : bool_true;
+            case Sass_OP::ADD: case Sass_OP::SUB: case Sass_OP::MUL: case Sass_OP::DIV: case Sass_OP::MOD:
+              return Operators::op_color_number(op_type, *l_c, *r_n, options(), b_in->pstate());
+            default: break;
+          }
+        }
+        catch (Exception::OperationError& err)
+        {
+          traces.push_back(Backtrace(b_in->pstate()));
+          throw Exception::SassValueError(traces, b_in->pstate(), err);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    String_Schema_Obj ret_schema;
+
+    // only the last item will be used to eval the binary expression
+    if (String_Schema* s_l = Cast<String_Schema>(b->left())) {
+      if (!s_l->has_interpolant() && (!s_l->is_right_interpolant())) {
+        ret_schema = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Schema, b->pstate());
+        Binary_Expression_Obj bin_ex = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Binary_Expression, b->pstate(),
+                                                    b->op(), s_l->last(), b->right());
+        bin_ex->is_delayed(b->left()->is_delayed() || b->right()->is_delayed()); // unverified
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < s_l->length() - 1; ++i) {
+          ret_schema->append(Cast<PreValue>(s_l->at(i)->perform(this)));
+        }
+        ret_schema->append(Cast<PreValue>(bin_ex->perform(this)));
+        return ret_schema->perform(this);
+      }
+    }
+    if (String_Schema* s_r = Cast<String_Schema>(b->right())) {
+
+      if (!s_r->has_interpolant() && (!s_r->is_left_interpolant() || op_type == Sass_OP::DIV)) {
+        ret_schema = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Schema, b->pstate());
+        Binary_Expression_Obj bin_ex = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Binary_Expression, b->pstate(),
+                                                    b->op(), b->left(), s_r->first());
+        bin_ex->is_delayed(b->left()->is_delayed() || b->right()->is_delayed()); // verified
+        ret_schema->append(Cast<PreValue>(bin_ex->perform(this)));
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < s_r->length(); ++i) {
+          ret_schema->append(Cast<PreValue>(s_r->at(i)->perform(this)));
+        }
+        return ret_schema->perform(this);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // fully evaluate their values
+    if (op_type == Sass_OP::EQ ||
+        op_type == Sass_OP::NEQ ||
+        op_type == Sass_OP::GT ||
+        op_type == Sass_OP::GTE ||
+        op_type == Sass_OP::LT ||
+        op_type == Sass_OP::LTE)
+    {
+      LOCAL_FLAG(force, true);
+      lhs->is_expanded(false);
+      lhs->set_delayed(false);
+      lhs = lhs->perform(this);
+      rhs->is_expanded(false);
+      rhs->set_delayed(false);
+      rhs = rhs->perform(this);
+    }
+    else {
+      lhs = lhs->perform(this);
+    }
+
+    // not a logical connective, so go ahead and eval the rhs
+    rhs = rhs->perform(this);
+    AST_Node_Obj lu = lhs;
+    AST_Node_Obj ru = rhs;
+
+    Expression::Type l_type;
+    Expression::Type r_type;
+
+    // Is one of the operands an interpolant?
+    String_Schema_Obj s1 = Cast<String_Schema>(b->left());
+    String_Schema_Obj s2 = Cast<String_Schema>(b->right());
+    Binary_Expression_Obj b1 = Cast<Binary_Expression>(b->left());
+    Binary_Expression_Obj b2 = Cast<Binary_Expression>(b->right());
+
+    bool schema_op = false;
+
+    bool force_delay = (s2 && s2->is_left_interpolant()) ||
+                       (s1 && s1->is_right_interpolant()) ||
+                       (b1 && b1->is_right_interpolant()) ||
+                       (b2 && b2->is_left_interpolant());
+
+    if ((s1 && s1->has_interpolants()) || (s2 && s2->has_interpolants()) || force_delay)
+    {
+      if (op_type == Sass_OP::DIV || op_type == Sass_OP::MUL || op_type == Sass_OP::MOD || op_type == Sass_OP::ADD || op_type == Sass_OP::SUB ||
+          op_type == Sass_OP::EQ) {
+        // If possible upgrade LHS to a number (for number to string compare)
+        if (String_Constant* str = Cast<String_Constant>(lhs)) {
+          std::string value(str->value());
+          const char* start = value.c_str();
+          if (Prelexer::sequence < Prelexer::dimension, Prelexer::end_of_file >(start) != 0) {
+            lhs = Parser::lexed_dimension(b->pstate(), str->value());
+          }
+        }
+        // If possible upgrade RHS to a number (for string to number compare)
+        if (String_Constant* str = Cast<String_Constant>(rhs)) {
+          std::string value(str->value());
+          const char* start = value.c_str();
+          if (Prelexer::sequence < Prelexer::dimension, Prelexer::number >(start) != 0) {
+            rhs = Parser::lexed_dimension(b->pstate(), str->value());
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      To_Value to_value(ctx);
+      Value_Obj v_l = Cast<Value>(lhs->perform(&to_value));
+      Value_Obj v_r = Cast<Value>(rhs->perform(&to_value));
+
+      if (force_delay) {
+        std::string str("");
+        str += v_l->to_string(options());
+        if (b->op().ws_before) str += " ";
+        str += b->separator();
+        if (b->op().ws_after) str += " ";
+        str += v_r->to_string(options());
+        String_Constant* val = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, b->pstate(), str);
+        val->is_interpolant(b->left()->has_interpolant());
+        return val;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // see if it's a relational expression
+    try {
+      switch(op_type) {
+        case Sass_OP::EQ:  return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, b->pstate(), Operators::eq(lhs, rhs));
+        case Sass_OP::NEQ: return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, b->pstate(), Operators::neq(lhs, rhs));
+        case Sass_OP::GT:  return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, b->pstate(), Operators::gt(lhs, rhs));
+        case Sass_OP::GTE: return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, b->pstate(), Operators::gte(lhs, rhs));
+        case Sass_OP::LT:  return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, b->pstate(), Operators::lt(lhs, rhs));
+        case Sass_OP::LTE: return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, b->pstate(), Operators::lte(lhs, rhs));
+        default: break;
+      }
+    }
+    catch (Exception::OperationError& err)
+    {
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(b->pstate()));
+      throw Exception::SassValueError(traces, b->pstate(), err);
+    }
+
+    l_type = lhs->concrete_type();
+    r_type = rhs->concrete_type();
+
+    // ToDo: throw error in op functions
+    // ToDo: then catch and re-throw them
+    Expression_Obj rv;
+    try {
+      ParserState pstate(b->pstate());
+      if (l_type == Expression::NUMBER && r_type == Expression::NUMBER) {
+        Number* l_n = Cast<Number>(lhs);
+        Number* r_n = Cast<Number>(rhs);
+        l_n->reduce(); r_n->reduce();
+        rv = Operators::op_numbers(op_type, *l_n, *r_n, options(), pstate);
+      }
+      else if (l_type == Expression::NUMBER && r_type == Expression::COLOR) {
+        Number* l_n = Cast<Number>(lhs);
+        Color_RGBA_Obj r_c = Cast<Color>(rhs)->toRGBA();
+        rv = Operators::op_number_color(op_type, *l_n, *r_c, options(), pstate);
+      }
+      else if (l_type == Expression::COLOR && r_type == Expression::NUMBER) {
+        Color_RGBA_Obj l_c = Cast<Color>(lhs)->toRGBA();
+        Number* r_n = Cast<Number>(rhs);
+        rv = Operators::op_color_number(op_type, *l_c, *r_n, options(), pstate);
+      }
+      else if (l_type == Expression::COLOR && r_type == Expression::COLOR) {
+        Color_RGBA_Obj l_c = Cast<Color>(lhs)->toRGBA();
+        Color_RGBA_Obj r_c = Cast<Color>(rhs)->toRGBA();
+        rv = Operators::op_colors(op_type, *l_c, *r_c, options(), pstate);
+      }
+      else {
+        To_Value to_value(ctx);
+        // this will leak if perform does not return a value!
+        Value_Obj v_l = Cast<Value>(lhs->perform(&to_value));
+        Value_Obj v_r = Cast<Value>(rhs->perform(&to_value));
+        bool interpolant = b->is_right_interpolant() ||
+                           b->is_left_interpolant() ||
+                           b->is_interpolant();
+        if (op_type == Sass_OP::SUB) interpolant = false;
+        // if (op_type == Sass_OP::DIV) interpolant = true;
+        // check for type violations
+        if (l_type == Expression::MAP || l_type == Expression::FUNCTION_VAL) {
+          traces.push_back(Backtrace(v_l->pstate()));
+          throw Exception::InvalidValue(traces, *v_l);
+        }
+        if (r_type == Expression::MAP || l_type == Expression::FUNCTION_VAL) {
+          traces.push_back(Backtrace(v_r->pstate()));
+          throw Exception::InvalidValue(traces, *v_r);
+        }
+        Value* ex = Operators::op_strings(b->op(), *v_l, *v_r, options(), pstate, !interpolant); // pass true to compress
+        if (String_Constant* str = Cast<String_Constant>(ex))
+        {
+          if (str->concrete_type() == Expression::STRING)
+          {
+            String_Constant* lstr = Cast<String_Constant>(lhs);
+            String_Constant* rstr = Cast<String_Constant>(rhs);
+            if (op_type != Sass_OP::SUB) {
+              if (String_Constant* org = lstr ? lstr : rstr)
+              { str->quote_mark(org->quote_mark()); }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        ex->is_interpolant(b->is_interpolant());
+        rv = ex;
+      }
+    }
+    catch (Exception::OperationError& err)
+    {
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(b->pstate()));
+      // throw Exception::Base(b->pstate(), err.what());
+      throw Exception::SassValueError(traces, b->pstate(), err);
+    }
+
+    if (rv) {
+      if (schema_op) {
+        // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+        (*s2)[0] = rv;
+        rv = s2->perform(this);
+      }
+    }
+
+    return rv.detach();
+
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Unary_Expression* u)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj operand = u->operand()->perform(this);
+    if (u->optype() == Unary_Expression::NOT) {
+      Boolean* result = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Boolean, u->pstate(), (bool)*operand);
+      result->value(!result->value());
+      return result;
+    }
+    else if (Number_Obj nr = Cast<Number>(operand)) {
+      // negate value for minus unary expression
+      if (u->optype() == Unary_Expression::MINUS) {
+        Number_Obj cpy = SASS_MEMORY_COPY(nr);
+        cpy->value( - cpy->value() ); // negate value
+        return cpy.detach(); // return the copy
+      }
+      else if (u->optype() == Unary_Expression::SLASH) {
+        std::string str = '/' + nr->to_string(options());
+        return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, u->pstate(), str);
+      }
+      // nothing for positive
+      return nr.detach();
+    }
+    else {
+      // Special cases: +/- variables which evaluate to null ouput just +/-,
+      // but +/- null itself outputs the string
+      if (operand->concrete_type() == Expression::NULL_VAL && Cast<Variable>(u->operand())) {
+        u->operand(SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted, u->pstate(), ""));
+      }
+      // Never apply unary opertions on colors @see #2140
+      else if (Color* color = Cast<Color>(operand)) {
+        // Use the color name if this was eval with one
+        if (color->disp().length() > 0) {
+          operand = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, operand->pstate(), color->disp());
+          u->operand(operand);
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+        u->operand(operand);
+      }
+
+      return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted,
+                             u->pstate(),
+                             u->inspect());
+    }
+    // unreachable
+    return u;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Function_Call* c)
+  {
+    if (traces.size() > Constants::MaxCallStack) {
+        // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+        std::ostringstream stm;
+        stm << "Stack depth exceeded max of " << Constants::MaxCallStack;
+        error(stm.str(), c->pstate(), traces);
+    }
+
+    if (Cast<String_Schema>(c->sname())) {
+      Expression_Obj evaluated_name = c->sname()->perform(this);
+      Expression_Obj evaluated_args = c->arguments()->perform(this);
+      std::string str(evaluated_name->to_string());
+      str += evaluated_args->to_string();
+      return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, c->pstate(), str);
+    }
+
+    std::string name(Util::normalize_underscores(c->name()));
+    std::string full_name(name + "[f]");
+
+    // we make a clone here, need to implement that further
+    Arguments_Obj args = c->arguments();
+
+    Env* env = environment();
+    if (!env->has(full_name) || (!c->via_call() && Prelexer::re_special_fun(name.c_str()))) {
+      if (!env->has("*[f]")) {
+        for (Argument_Obj arg : args->elements()) {
+          if (List_Obj ls = Cast<List>(arg->value())) {
+            if (ls->size() == 0) error("() isn't a valid CSS value.", c->pstate(), traces);
+          }
+        }
+        args = Cast<Arguments>(args->perform(this));
+        Function_Call_Obj lit = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Function_Call,
+                                             c->pstate(),
+                                             c->name(),
+                                             args);
+        if (args->has_named_arguments()) {
+          error("Function " + c->name() + " doesn't support keyword arguments", c->pstate(), traces);
+        }
+        String_Quoted* str = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted,
+                                             c->pstate(),
+                                             lit->to_string(options()));
+        str->is_interpolant(c->is_interpolant());
+        return str;
+      } else {
+        // call generic function
+        full_name = "*[f]";
+      }
+    }
+
+    // further delay for calls
+    if (full_name != "call[f]") {
+      args->set_delayed(false); // verified
+    }
+    if (full_name != "if[f]") {
+      args = Cast<Arguments>(args->perform(this));
+    }
+    Definition* def = Cast<Definition>((*env)[full_name]);
+
+    if (c->func()) def = c->func()->definition();
+
+    if (def->is_overload_stub()) {
+      std::stringstream ss;
+      size_t L = args->length();
+      // account for rest arguments
+      if (args->has_rest_argument() && args->length() > 0) {
+        // get the rest arguments list
+        List* rest = Cast<List>(args->last()->value());
+        // arguments before rest argument plus rest
+        if (rest) L += rest->length() - 1;
+      }
+      ss << full_name << L;
+      full_name = ss.str();
+      std::string resolved_name(full_name);
+      if (!env->has(resolved_name)) error("overloaded function `" + std::string(c->name()) + "` given wrong number of arguments", c->pstate(), traces);
+      def = Cast<Definition>((*env)[resolved_name]);
+    }
+
+    Expression_Obj     result = c;
+    Block_Obj          body   = def->block();
+    Native_Function func   = def->native_function();
+    Sass_Function_Entry c_function = def->c_function();
+
+    if (c->is_css()) return result.detach();
+
+    Parameters_Obj params = def->parameters();
+    Env fn_env(def->environment());
+    env_stack().push_back(&fn_env);
+
+    if (func || body) {
+      bind(std::string("Function"), c->name(), params, args, &fn_env, this, traces);
+      std::string msg(", in function `" + c->name() + "`");
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(c->pstate(), msg));
+      callee_stack().push_back({
+        c->name().c_str(),
+        c->pstate().path,
+        c->pstate().line + 1,
+        c->pstate().column + 1,
+        SASS_CALLEE_FUNCTION,
+        { env }
+      });
+
+      // eval the body if user-defined or special, invoke underlying CPP function if native
+      if (body /* && !Prelexer::re_special_fun(name.c_str()) */) {
+        result = body->perform(this);
+      }
+      else if (func) {
+        result = func(fn_env, *env, ctx, def->signature(), c->pstate(), traces, exp.selector_stack);
+      }
+      if (!result) {
+        error(std::string("Function ") + c->name() + " finished without @return", c->pstate(), traces);
+      }
+      callee_stack().pop_back();
+      traces.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    // else if it's a user-defined c function
+    // convert call into C-API compatible form
+    else if (c_function) {
+      Sass_Function_Fn c_func = sass_function_get_function(c_function);
+      if (full_name == "*[f]") {
+        String_Quoted_Obj str = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted, c->pstate(), c->name());
+        Arguments_Obj new_args = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Arguments, c->pstate());
+        new_args->append(SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Argument, c->pstate(), str));
+        new_args->concat(args);
+        args = new_args;
+      }
+
+      // populates env with default values for params
+      std::string ff(c->name());
+      bind(std::string("Function"), c->name(), params, args, &fn_env, this, traces);
+      std::string msg(", in function `" + c->name() + "`");
+      traces.push_back(Backtrace(c->pstate(), msg));
+      callee_stack().push_back({
+        c->name().c_str(),
+        c->pstate().path,
+        c->pstate().line + 1,
+        c->pstate().column + 1,
+        SASS_CALLEE_C_FUNCTION,
+        { env }
+      });
+
+      AST2C ast2c;
+      union Sass_Value* c_args = sass_make_list(params->length(), SASS_COMMA, false);
+      for(size_t i = 0; i < params->length(); i++) {
+        Parameter_Obj param = params->at(i);
+        std::string key = param->name();
+        AST_Node_Obj node = fn_env.get_local(key);
+        Expression_Obj arg = Cast<Expression>(node);
+        sass_list_set_value(c_args, i, arg->perform(&ast2c));
+      }
+      union Sass_Value* c_val = c_func(c_args, c_function, compiler());
+      if (sass_value_get_tag(c_val) == SASS_ERROR) {
+        std::string message("error in C function " + c->name() + ": " + sass_error_get_message(c_val));
+        sass_delete_value(c_val);
+        sass_delete_value(c_args);
+        error(message, c->pstate(), traces);
+      } else if (sass_value_get_tag(c_val) == SASS_WARNING) {
+        std::string message("warning in C function " + c->name() + ": " + sass_warning_get_message(c_val));
+        sass_delete_value(c_val);
+        sass_delete_value(c_args);
+        error(message, c->pstate(), traces);
+      }
+      result = c2ast(c_val, traces, c->pstate());
+
+      callee_stack().pop_back();
+      traces.pop_back();
+      sass_delete_value(c_args);
+      if (c_val != c_args)
+        sass_delete_value(c_val);
+    }
+
+    // link back to function definition
+    // only do this for custom functions
+    if (result->pstate().file == std::string::npos)
+      result->pstate(c->pstate());
+
+    result = result->perform(this);
+    result->is_interpolant(c->is_interpolant());
+    env_stack().pop_back();
+    return result.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Variable* v)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj value;
+    Env* env = environment();
+    const std::string& name(v->name());
+    EnvResult rv(env->find(name));
+    if (rv.found) value = static_cast<Expression*>(rv.it->second.ptr());
+    else error("Undefined variable: \"" + v->name() + "\".", v->pstate(), traces);
+    if (Argument* arg = Cast<Argument>(value)) value = arg->value();
+    if (Number* nr = Cast<Number>(value)) nr->zero(true); // force flag
+    value->is_interpolant(v->is_interpolant());
+    if (force) value->is_expanded(false);
+    value->set_delayed(false); // verified
+    value = value->perform(this);
+    if(!force) rv.it->second = value;
+    return value.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Color_RGBA* c)
+  {
+    return c;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Color_HSLA* c)
+  {
+    return c;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Number* n)
+  {
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Boolean* b)
+  {
+    return b;
+  }
+
+  void Eval::interpolation(Context& ctx, std::string& res, Expression_Obj ex, bool into_quotes, bool was_itpl) {
+
+    bool needs_closing_brace = false;
+
+    if (Arguments* args = Cast<Arguments>(ex)) {
+      List* ll = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List, args->pstate(), 0, SASS_COMMA);
+      for(auto arg : args->elements()) {
+        ll->append(arg->value());
+      }
+      ll->is_interpolant(args->is_interpolant());
+      needs_closing_brace = true;
+      res += "(";
+      ex = ll;
+    }
+    if (Number* nr = Cast<Number>(ex)) {
+      Number reduced(nr);
+      reduced.reduce();
+      if (!reduced.is_valid_css_unit()) {
+        traces.push_back(Backtrace(nr->pstate()));
+        throw Exception::InvalidValue(traces, *nr);
+      }
+    }
+    if (Argument* arg = Cast<Argument>(ex)) {
+      ex = arg->value();
+    }
+    if (String_Quoted* sq = Cast<String_Quoted>(ex)) {
+      if (was_itpl) {
+        bool was_interpolant = ex->is_interpolant();
+        ex = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, sq->pstate(), sq->value());
+        ex->is_interpolant(was_interpolant);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (Cast<Null>(ex)) { return; }
+
+    // parent selector needs another go
+    if (Cast<Parent_Selector>(ex)) {
+      // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+      ex = ex->perform(this);
+    }
+    // parent selector needs another go
+    if (Cast<Parent_Reference>(ex)) {
+      // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+      ex = ex->perform(this);
+    }
+
+    if (List* l = Cast<List>(ex)) {
+      List_Obj ll = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List, l->pstate(), 0, l->separator());
+      // this fixes an issue with bourbon sample, not really sure why
+      // if (l->size() && Cast<Null>((*l)[0])) { res += ""; }
+      for(Expression_Obj item : *l) {
+        item->is_interpolant(l->is_interpolant());
+        std::string rl(""); interpolation(ctx, rl, item, into_quotes, l->is_interpolant());
+        bool is_null = Cast<Null>(item) != 0; // rl != ""
+        if (!is_null) ll->append(SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted, item->pstate(), rl));
+      }
+      // Check indicates that we probably should not get a list
+      // here. Normally single list items are already unwrapped.
+      if (l->size() > 1) {
+        // string_to_output would fail "#{'_\a' '_\a'}";
+        std::string str(ll->to_string(options()));
+        str = read_hex_escapes(str); // read escapes
+        newline_to_space(str); // replace directly
+        res += str; // append to result string
+      } else {
+        res += (ll->to_string(options()));
+      }
+      ll->is_interpolant(l->is_interpolant());
+    }
+
+    // Value
+    // Function_Call
+    // Selector_List
+    // String_Quoted
+    // String_Constant
+    // Parent_Selector
+    // Binary_Expression
+    else {
+      // ex = ex->perform(this);
+      if (into_quotes && ex->is_interpolant()) {
+        res += evacuate_escapes(ex ? ex->to_string(options()) : "");
+      } else {
+        std::string str(ex ? ex->to_string(options()) : "");
+        if (into_quotes) str = read_hex_escapes(str);
+        res += str; // append to result string
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (needs_closing_brace) res += ")";
+
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(String_Schema* s)
+  {
+    size_t L = s->length();
+    bool into_quotes = false;
+    if (L > 1) {
+      if (!Cast<String_Quoted>((*s)[0]) && !Cast<String_Quoted>((*s)[L - 1])) {
+      if (String_Constant* l = Cast<String_Constant>((*s)[0])) {
+        if (String_Constant* r = Cast<String_Constant>((*s)[L - 1])) {
+          if (r->value().size() > 0) {
+            if (l->value()[0] == '"' && r->value()[r->value().size() - 1] == '"') into_quotes = true;
+            if (l->value()[0] == '\'' && r->value()[r->value().size() - 1] == '\'') into_quotes = true;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      }
+    }
+    bool was_quoted = false;
+    bool was_interpolant = false;
+    std::string res("");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < L; ++i) {
+      bool is_quoted = Cast<String_Quoted>((*s)[i]) != NULL;
+      if (was_quoted && !(*s)[i]->is_interpolant() && !was_interpolant) { res += " "; }
+      else if (i > 0 && is_quoted && !(*s)[i]->is_interpolant() && !was_interpolant) { res += " "; }
+      Expression_Obj ex = (*s)[i]->perform(this);
+      interpolation(ctx, res, ex, into_quotes, ex->is_interpolant());
+      was_quoted = Cast<String_Quoted>((*s)[i]) != NULL;
+      was_interpolant = (*s)[i]->is_interpolant();
+
+    }
+    if (!s->is_interpolant()) {
+      if (s->length() > 1 && res == "") return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Null, s->pstate());
+      return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, s->pstate(), res, s->css());
+    }
+    // string schema seems to have a special unquoting behavior (also handles "nested" quotes)
+    String_Quoted_Obj str = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted, s->pstate(), res, 0, false, false, false, s->css());
+    // if (s->is_interpolant()) str->quote_mark(0);
+    // String_Constant* str = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Constant, s->pstate(), res);
+    if (str->quote_mark()) str->quote_mark('*');
+    else if (!is_in_comment) str->value(string_to_output(str->value()));
+    str->is_interpolant(s->is_interpolant());
+    return str.detach();
+  }
+
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(String_Constant* s)
+  {
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(String_Quoted* s)
+  {
+    String_Quoted* str = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted, s->pstate(), "");
+    str->value(s->value());
+    str->quote_mark(s->quote_mark());
+    str->is_interpolant(s->is_interpolant());
+    return str;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Supports_Operator* c)
+  {
+    Expression* left = c->left()->perform(this);
+    Expression* right = c->right()->perform(this);
+    Supports_Operator* cc = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Supports_Operator,
+                                 c->pstate(),
+                                 Cast<Supports_Condition>(left),
+                                 Cast<Supports_Condition>(right),
+                                 c->operand());
+    return cc;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Supports_Negation* c)
+  {
+    Expression* condition = c->condition()->perform(this);
+    Supports_Negation* cc = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Supports_Negation,
+                                 c->pstate(),
+                                 Cast<Supports_Condition>(condition));
+    return cc;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Supports_Declaration* c)
+  {
+    Expression* feature = c->feature()->perform(this);
+    Expression* value = c->value()->perform(this);
+    Supports_Declaration* cc = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Supports_Declaration,
+                              c->pstate(),
+                              feature,
+                              value);
+    return cc;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Supports_Interpolation* c)
+  {
+    Expression* value = c->value()->perform(this);
+    Supports_Interpolation* cc = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Supports_Interpolation,
+                            c->pstate(),
+                            value);
+    return cc;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(At_Root_Query* e)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj feature = e->feature();
+    feature = (feature ? feature->perform(this) : 0);
+    Expression_Obj value = e->value();
+    value = (value ? value->perform(this) : 0);
+    Expression* ee = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(At_Root_Query,
+                                     e->pstate(),
+                                     Cast<String>(feature),
+                                     value);
+    return ee;
+  }
+
+  Media_Query* Eval::operator()(Media_Query* q)
+  {
+    String_Obj t = q->media_type();
+    t = static_cast<String*>(t.isNull() ? 0 : t->perform(this));
+    Media_Query_Obj qq = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Media_Query,
+                                      q->pstate(),
+                                      t,
+                                      q->length(),
+                                      q->is_negated(),
+                                      q->is_restricted());
+    for (size_t i = 0, L = q->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+      qq->append(static_cast<Media_Query_Expression*>((*q)[i]->perform(this)));
+    }
+    return qq.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Media_Query_Expression* e)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj feature = e->feature();
+    feature = (feature ? feature->perform(this) : 0);
+    if (feature && Cast<String_Quoted>(feature)) {
+      feature = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted,
+                                  feature->pstate(),
+                                  Cast<String_Quoted>(feature)->value());
+    }
+    Expression_Obj value = e->value();
+    value = (value ? value->perform(this) : 0);
+    if (value && Cast<String_Quoted>(value)) {
+      // XXX: this is never hit via spec tests
+      value = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(String_Quoted,
+                                value->pstate(),
+                                Cast<String_Quoted>(value)->value());
+    }
+    return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Media_Query_Expression,
+                           e->pstate(),
+                           feature,
+                           value,
+                           e->is_interpolated());
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Null* n)
+  {
+    return n;
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Argument* a)
+  {
+    Expression_Obj val = a->value()->perform(this);
+    bool is_rest_argument = a->is_rest_argument();
+    bool is_keyword_argument = a->is_keyword_argument();
+
+    if (a->is_rest_argument()) {
+      if (val->concrete_type() == Expression::MAP) {
+        is_rest_argument = false;
+        is_keyword_argument = true;
+      }
+      else if(val->concrete_type() != Expression::LIST) {
+        List_Obj wrapper = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List,
+                                        val->pstate(),
+                                        0,
+                                        SASS_COMMA,
+                                        true);
+        wrapper->append(val);
+        val = wrapper;
+      }
+    }
+    return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Argument,
+                           a->pstate(),
+                           val,
+                           a->name(),
+                           is_rest_argument,
+                           is_keyword_argument);
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Arguments* a)
+  {
+    Arguments_Obj aa = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Arguments, a->pstate());
+    if (a->length() == 0) return aa.detach();
+    for (size_t i = 0, L = a->length(); i < L; ++i) {
+      Expression_Obj rv = (*a)[i]->perform(this);
+      Argument* arg = Cast<Argument>(rv);
+      if (!(arg->is_rest_argument() || arg->is_keyword_argument())) {
+        aa->append(arg);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (a->has_rest_argument()) {
+      Expression_Obj rest = a->get_rest_argument()->perform(this);
+      Expression_Obj splat = Cast<Argument>(rest)->value()->perform(this);
+
+      Sass_Separator separator = SASS_COMMA;
+      List* ls = Cast<List>(splat);
+      Map* ms = Cast<Map>(splat);
+
+      List_Obj arglist = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(List,
+                                      splat->pstate(),
+                                      0,
+                                      ls ? ls->separator() : separator,
+                                      true);
+
+      if (ls && ls->is_arglist()) {
+        arglist->concat(ls);
+      } else if (ms) {
+        aa->append(SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Argument, splat->pstate(), ms, "", false, true));
+      } else if (ls) {
+        arglist->concat(ls);
+      } else {
+        arglist->append(splat);
+      }
+      if (arglist->length()) {
+        aa->append(SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Argument, splat->pstate(), arglist, "", true));
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (a->has_keyword_argument()) {
+      Expression_Obj rv = a->get_keyword_argument()->perform(this);
+      Argument* rvarg = Cast<Argument>(rv);
+      Expression_Obj kwarg = rvarg->value()->perform(this);
+
+      aa->append(SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Argument, kwarg->pstate(), kwarg, "", false, true));
+    }
+    return aa.detach();
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Comment* c)
+  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  Selector_List* Eval::operator()(Selector_List* s)
+  {
+    SelectorStack rv;
+    Selector_List_Obj sl = SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Selector_List, s->pstate());
+    sl->is_optional(s->is_optional());
+    sl->media_block(s->media_block());
+    sl->is_optional(s->is_optional());
+    for (size_t i = 0, iL = s->length(); i < iL; ++i) {
+      rv.push_back(operator()((*s)[i]));
+    }
+
+    // we should actually permutate parent first
+    // but here we have permutated the selector first
+    size_t round = 0;
+    while (round != std::string::npos) {
+      bool abort = true;
+      for (size_t i = 0, iL = rv.size(); i < iL; ++i) {
+        if (rv[i]->length() > round) {
+          sl->append((*rv[i])[round]);
+          abort = false;
+        }
+      }
+      if (abort) {
+        round = std::string::npos;
+      } else {
+        ++ round;
+      }
+
+    }
+    return sl.detach();
+  }
+
+
+  Selector_List* Eval::operator()(Complex_Selector* s)
+  {
+    bool implicit_parent = !exp.old_at_root_without_rule;
+    if (is_in_selector_schema) exp.selector_stack.push_back({});
+    Selector_List_Obj resolved = s->resolve_parent_refs(exp.selector_stack, traces, implicit_parent);
+    if (is_in_selector_schema) exp.selector_stack.pop_back();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < resolved->length(); i++) {
+      Complex_Selector* is = resolved->at(i)->mutable_first();
+      while (is) {
+        if (is->head()) {
+          is->head(operator()(is->head()));
+        }
+        is = is->tail();
+      }
+    }
+    return resolved.detach();
+  }
+
+  Compound_Selector* Eval::operator()(Compound_Selector* s)
+  {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < s->length(); i++) {
+      Simple_Selector* ss = s->at(i);
+      // skip parents here (called via resolve_parent_refs)
+      if (ss == NULL || Cast<Parent_Selector>(ss)) continue;
+      s->at(i) = Cast<Simple_Selector>(ss->perform(this));
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  Selector_List* Eval::operator()(Selector_Schema* s)
+  {
+    LOCAL_FLAG(is_in_selector_schema, true);
+    // the parser will look for a brace to end the selector
+    Expression_Obj sel = s->contents()->perform(this);
+    std::string result_str(sel->to_string(options()));
+    result_str = unquote(Util::rtrim(result_str));
+    char* temp_cstr = sass_copy_c_string(result_str.c_str());
+    ctx.strings.push_back(temp_cstr); // attach to context
+    Parser p = Parser::from_c_str(temp_cstr, ctx, traces, s->pstate());
+    p.last_media_block = s->media_block();
+    // a selector schema may or may not connect to parent?
+    bool chroot = s->connect_parent() == false;
+    Selector_List_Obj sl = p.parse_selector_list(chroot);
+    flag_is_in_selector_schema.reset();
+    return operator()(sl);
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Parent_Selector* p)
+  {
+    if (Selector_List_Obj pr = selector()) {
+      exp.selector_stack.pop_back();
+      Selector_List_Obj rv = operator()(pr);
+      exp.selector_stack.push_back(rv);
+      return rv.detach();
+    } else {
+      return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Null, p->pstate());
+    }
+  }
+
+  Expression* Eval::operator()(Parent_Reference* p)
+  {
+    if (Selector_List_Obj pr = selector()) {
+      exp.selector_stack.pop_back();
+      Selector_List_Obj rv = operator()(pr);
+      exp.selector_stack.push_back(rv);
+      return rv.detach();
+    } else {
+      return SASS_MEMORY_NEW(Null, p->pstate());
+    }
+  }
+
+  Simple_Selector* Eval::operator()(Simple_Selector* s)
+  {
+    return s;
+  }
+
+  // hotfix to avoid invalid nested `:not` selectors
+  // probably the wrong place, but this should ultimately
+  // be fixed by implement superselector correctly for `:not`
+  // first use of "find" (ATM only implemented for selectors)
+  bool hasNotSelector(AST_Node_Obj obj) {
+    if (Wrapped_Selector* w = Cast<Wrapped_Selector>(obj)) {
+      return w->name() == ":not";
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  Wrapped_Selector* Eval::operator()(Wrapped_Selector* s)
+  {
+
+    if (s->name() == ":not") {
+      if (exp.selector_stack.back()) {
+        if (s->selector()->find(hasNotSelector)) {
+          s->selector()->clear();
+          s->name(" ");
+        } else {
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < s->selector()->length(); ++i) {
+            Complex_Selector* cs = s->selector()->at(i);
+            if (cs->tail()) {
+              s->selector()->clear();
+              s->name(" ");
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return s;
+  };
+
+}