zscan 2.0.3 → 2.0.4

data/ext/pack/pack-25.c

@@ -0,0 +1,1102 @@
+/**********************************************************************
+
+  pack.c -
+
+  $Author$
+  created at: Thu Feb 10 15:17:05 JST 1994
+
+  Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
+
+**********************************************************************/
+
+#include "internal.h"
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+/*
+ * It is intentional that the condition for natstr is HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG
+ * instead of HAVE_LONG_LONG or LONG_LONG.
+ * This means q! and Q! means always the standard long long type and
+ * causes ArgumentError for platforms which has no long long type,
+ * even if the platform has an implementation specific 64bit type.
+ * This behavior is consistent with the document of pack/unpack.
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG
+static const char natstr[] = "sSiIlLqQjJ";
+#else
+static const char natstr[] = "sSiIlLjJ";
+#endif
+static const char endstr[] = "sSiIlLqQjJ";
+
+#ifdef HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG
+/* It is intentional to use long long instead of LONG_LONG. */
+# define NATINT_LEN_Q NATINT_LEN(long long, 8)
+#else
+# define NATINT_LEN_Q 8
+#endif
+
+#if SIZEOF_SHORT != 2 || SIZEOF_LONG != 4 || (defined(HAVE_TRUE_LONG_LONG) && SIZEOF_LONG_LONG != 8)
+# define NATINT_PACK
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DYNAMIC_ENDIAN
+ /* for universal binary of NEXTSTEP and MacOS X */
+ /* useless since autoconf 2.63? */
+ static int
+ is_bigendian(void)
+ {
+     static int init = 0;
+     static int endian_value;
+     char *p;
+
+     if (init) return endian_value;
+     init = 1;
+     p = (char*)&init;
+     return endian_value = p[0]?0:1;
+ }
+# define BIGENDIAN_P() (is_bigendian())
+#elif defined(WORDS_BIGENDIAN)
+# define BIGENDIAN_P() 1
+#else
+# define BIGENDIAN_P() 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NATINT_PACK
+# define NATINT_LEN(type,len) (natint?(int)sizeof(type):(int)(len))
+#else
+# define NATINT_LEN(type,len) ((int)sizeof(type))
+#endif
+
+typedef union {
+    float f;
+    uint32_t u;
+    char buf[4];
+} FLOAT_SWAPPER;
+typedef union {
+    double d;
+    uint64_t u;
+    char buf[8];
+} DOUBLE_SWAPPER;
+#define swapf(x) swap32(x)
+#define swapd(x) swap64(x)
+
+#define rb_ntohf(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?(x):swapf(x))
+#define rb_ntohd(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?(x):swapd(x))
+#define rb_htonf(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?(x):swapf(x))
+#define rb_htond(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?(x):swapd(x))
+#define rb_htovf(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?swapf(x):(x))
+#define rb_htovd(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?swapd(x):(x))
+#define rb_vtohf(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?swapf(x):(x))
+#define rb_vtohd(x) (BIGENDIAN_P()?swapd(x):(x))
+
+#define FLOAT_CONVWITH(x)	FLOAT_SWAPPER x;
+#define HTONF(x)	((x).u = rb_htonf((x).u))
+#define HTOVF(x)	((x).u = rb_htovf((x).u))
+#define NTOHF(x)	((x).u = rb_ntohf((x).u))
+#define VTOHF(x)	((x).u = rb_vtohf((x).u))
+
+#define DOUBLE_CONVWITH(x)	DOUBLE_SWAPPER x;
+#define HTOND(x)	((x).u = rb_htond((x).u))
+#define HTOVD(x)	((x).u = rb_htovd((x).u))
+#define NTOHD(x)	((x).u = rb_ntohd((x).u))
+#define VTOHD(x)	((x).u = rb_vtohd((x).u))
+
+#define MAX_INTEGER_PACK_SIZE 8
+
+static const char toofew[] = "too few arguments";
+
+static void encodes(VALUE,const char*,long,int,int);
+static void qpencode(VALUE,VALUE,long);
+
+static unsigned long utf8_to_uv(const char*,long*);
+
+static ID id_associated;
+
+static void
+str_associate(VALUE str, VALUE add)
+{
+    /* assert(NIL_P(rb_attr_get(str, id_associated))); */
+    rb_ivar_set(str, id_associated, add);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+str_associated(VALUE str)
+{
+    return rb_ivar_lookup(str, id_associated, Qfalse);
+}
+
+static const char uu_table[] =
+"`!\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_";
+static const char b64_table[] =
+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+static void
+encodes(VALUE str, const char *s0, long len, int type, int tail_lf)
+{
+    enum {buff_size = 4096, encoded_unit = 4, input_unit = 3};
+    char buff[buff_size + 1];	/* +1 for tail_lf */
+    long i = 0;
+    const char *const trans = type == 'u' ? uu_table : b64_table;
+    char padding;
+    const unsigned char *s = (const unsigned char *)s0;
+
+    if (type == 'u') {
+	buff[i++] = (char)len + ' ';
+	padding = '`';
+    }
+    else {
+	padding = '=';
+    }
+    while (len >= input_unit) {
+        while (len >= input_unit && buff_size-i >= encoded_unit) {
+            buff[i++] = trans[077 & (*s >> 2)];
+            buff[i++] = trans[077 & (((*s << 4) & 060) | ((s[1] >> 4) & 017))];
+            buff[i++] = trans[077 & (((s[1] << 2) & 074) | ((s[2] >> 6) & 03))];
+            buff[i++] = trans[077 & s[2]];
+            s += input_unit;
+            len -= input_unit;
+        }
+        if (buff_size-i < encoded_unit) {
+            rb_str_buf_cat(str, buff, i);
+            i = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (len == 2) {
+	buff[i++] = trans[077 & (*s >> 2)];
+	buff[i++] = trans[077 & (((*s << 4) & 060) | ((s[1] >> 4) & 017))];
+	buff[i++] = trans[077 & (((s[1] << 2) & 074) | (('\0' >> 6) & 03))];
+	buff[i++] = padding;
+    }
+    else if (len == 1) {
+	buff[i++] = trans[077 & (*s >> 2)];
+	buff[i++] = trans[077 & (((*s << 4) & 060) | (('\0' >> 4) & 017))];
+	buff[i++] = padding;
+	buff[i++] = padding;
+    }
+    if (tail_lf) buff[i++] = '\n';
+    rb_str_buf_cat(str, buff, i);
+    if ((size_t)i > sizeof(buff)) rb_bug("encodes() buffer overrun");
+}
+
+static const char hex_table[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+
+static void
+qpencode(VALUE str, VALUE from, long len)
+{
+    char buff[1024];
+    long i = 0, n = 0, prev = EOF;
+    unsigned char *s = (unsigned char*)RSTRING_PTR(from);
+    unsigned char *send = s + RSTRING_LEN(from);
+
+    while (s < send) {
+        if ((*s > 126) ||
+	    (*s < 32 && *s != '\n' && *s != '\t') ||
+	    (*s == '=')) {
+	    buff[i++] = '=';
+	    buff[i++] = hex_table[*s >> 4];
+	    buff[i++] = hex_table[*s & 0x0f];
+            n += 3;
+            prev = EOF;
+        }
+	else if (*s == '\n') {
+            if (prev == ' ' || prev == '\t') {
+		buff[i++] = '=';
+		buff[i++] = *s;
+            }
+	    buff[i++] = *s;
+            n = 0;
+            prev = *s;
+        }
+	else {
+	    buff[i++] = *s;
+            n++;
+            prev = *s;
+        }
+        if (n > len) {
+	    buff[i++] = '=';
+	    buff[i++] = '\n';
+            n = 0;
+            prev = '\n';
+        }
+	if (i > 1024 - 5) {
+	    rb_str_buf_cat(str, buff, i);
+	    i = 0;
+	}
+	s++;
+    }
+    if (n > 0) {
+	buff[i++] = '=';
+	buff[i++] = '\n';
+    }
+    if (i > 0) {
+	rb_str_buf_cat(str, buff, i);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline int
+hex2num(char c)
+{
+    int n;
+    n = ruby_digit36_to_number_table[(unsigned char)c];
+    if (16 <= n)
+        n = -1;
+    return n;
+}
+
+#define PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sz) do {	\
+    tmp_len = 0;				\
+    if (len > (long)((send-s)/(sz))) {		\
+        if (!star) {				\
+	    tmp_len = len-(send-s)/(sz);		\
+        }					\
+	len = (send-s)/(sz);			\
+    }						\
+} while (0)
+
+#define PACK_ITEM_ADJUST() do { \
+    if (tmp_len > 0 && mode == UNPACK_ARRAY) \
+	rb_ary_store(ary, RARRAY_LEN(ary)+tmp_len-1, Qnil); \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Workaround for Oracle Solaris Studio 12.4 C compiler optimization bug
+ * with "-xO4" optimization option.
+ */
+#if defined(__SUNPRO_C) && __SUNPRO_C == 0x5130
+# define AVOID_CC_BUG volatile
+#else
+# define AVOID_CC_BUG
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+infected_str_new(const char *ptr, long len, VALUE str)
+{
+    VALUE s = rb_str_new(ptr, len);
+
+    OBJ_INFECT(s, str);
+    return s;
+}
+
+/* unpack mode */
+#define UNPACK_ARRAY 0
+#define UNPACK_BLOCK 1
+#define UNPACK_1 2
+
+#define castchar(from) (char)((from) & 0xff)
+
+VALUE zscan_internal_unpack(VALUE str, VALUE fmt, long* parsed_len)
+{
+#define hexdigits ruby_hexdigits
+    char *init_s, *s, *send;
+    char *p, *pend;
+    VALUE ary;
+    char type;
+    long len;
+    AVOID_CC_BUG long tmp_len;
+    int star;
+#ifdef NATINT_PACK
+    int natint;			/* native integer */
+#endif
+    int signed_p, integer_size, bigendian_p;
+    int mode = (rb_block_given_p() ? UNPACK_BLOCK : UNPACK_ARRAY);
+#define UNPACK_PUSH(item) do {\
+	VALUE item_val = (item);\
+	if ((mode) == UNPACK_BLOCK) {\
+	    rb_yield(item_val);\
+	}\
+	else {\
+	    rb_ary_push(ary, item_val);\
+	}\
+    } while (0)
+
+    StringValue(str);
+    StringValue(fmt);
+    init_s = s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    send = s + RSTRING_LEN(str);
+    p = RSTRING_PTR(fmt);
+    pend = p + RSTRING_LEN(fmt);
+
+    ary = mode == UNPACK_ARRAY ? rb_ary_new() : Qnil;
+    while (p < pend) {
+	int explicit_endian = 0;
+	type = *p++;
+#ifdef NATINT_PACK
+	natint = 0;
+#endif
+
+	if (ISSPACE(type)) continue;
+	if (type == '#') {
+	    while ((p < pend) && (*p != '\n')) {
+		p++;
+	    }
+	    continue;
+	}
+
+	star = 0;
+	{
+          modifiers:
+	    switch (*p) {
+	      case '_':
+	      case '!':
+
+		if (strchr(natstr, type)) {
+#ifdef NATINT_PACK
+		    natint = 1;
+#endif
+		    p++;
+		}
+		else {
+		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "'%c' allowed only after types %s", *p, natstr);
+		}
+		goto modifiers;
+
+	      case '<':
+	      case '>':
+		if (!strchr(endstr, type)) {
+		    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "'%c' allowed only after types %s", *p, endstr);
+		}
+		if (explicit_endian) {
+		    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "Can't use both '<' and '>'");
+		}
+		explicit_endian = *p++;
+		goto modifiers;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	if (p >= pend)
+	    len = 1;
+	else if (*p == '*') {
+	    star = 1;
+	    len = send - s;
+	    p++;
+	}
+	else if (ISDIGIT(*p)) {
+	    errno = 0;
+	    len = STRTOUL(p, (char**)&p, 10);
+	    if (errno) {
+		rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "pack length too big");
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    len = (type != '@');
+	}
+
+	switch (type) {
+	  case '%':
+	    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%% is not supported");
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'A':
+	    if (len > send - s) len = send - s;
+	    {
+		long end = len;
+		char *t = s + len - 1;
+
+		while (t >= s) {
+		    if (*t != ' ' && *t != '\0') break;
+		    t--; len--;
+		}
+		UNPACK_PUSH(infected_str_new(s, len, str));
+		s += end;
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'Z':
+	    {
+		char *t = s;
+
+		if (len > send-s) len = send-s;
+		while (t < s+len && *t) t++;
+		UNPACK_PUSH(infected_str_new(s, t-s, str));
+		if (t < send) t++;
+		s = star ? t : s+len;
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'a':
+	    if (len > send - s) len = send - s;
+	    UNPACK_PUSH(infected_str_new(s, len, str));
+	    s += len;
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'b':
+	    {
+		VALUE bitstr;
+		char *t;
+		int bits;
+		long i;
+
+		if (p[-1] == '*' || len > (send - s) * 8)
+		    len = (send - s) * 8;
+		bits = 0;
+		bitstr = rb_usascii_str_new(0, len);
+		t = RSTRING_PTR(bitstr);
+		for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+		    if (i & 7) bits >>= 1;
+		    else bits = (unsigned char)*s++;
+		    *t++ = (bits & 1) ? '1' : '0';
+		}
+		UNPACK_PUSH(bitstr);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'B':
+	    {
+		VALUE bitstr;
+		char *t;
+		int bits;
+		long i;
+
+		if (p[-1] == '*' || len > (send - s) * 8)
+		    len = (send - s) * 8;
+		bits = 0;
+		bitstr = rb_usascii_str_new(0, len);
+		t = RSTRING_PTR(bitstr);
+		for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+		    if (i & 7) bits <<= 1;
+		    else bits = (unsigned char)*s++;
+		    *t++ = (bits & 128) ? '1' : '0';
+		}
+		UNPACK_PUSH(bitstr);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'h':
+	    {
+		VALUE bitstr;
+		char *t;
+		int bits;
+		long i;
+
+		if (p[-1] == '*' || len > (send - s) * 2)
+		    len = (send - s) * 2;
+		bits = 0;
+		bitstr = rb_usascii_str_new(0, len);
+		t = RSTRING_PTR(bitstr);
+		for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+		    if (i & 1)
+			bits >>= 4;
+		    else
+			bits = (unsigned char)*s++;
+		    *t++ = hexdigits[bits & 15];
+		}
+		UNPACK_PUSH(bitstr);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'H':
+	    {
+		VALUE bitstr;
+		char *t;
+		int bits;
+		long i;
+
+		if (p[-1] == '*' || len > (send - s) * 2)
+		    len = (send - s) * 2;
+		bits = 0;
+		bitstr = rb_usascii_str_new(0, len);
+		t = RSTRING_PTR(bitstr);
+		for (i=0; i<len; i++) {
+		    if (i & 1)
+			bits <<= 4;
+		    else
+			bits = (unsigned char)*s++;
+		    *t++ = hexdigits[(bits >> 4) & 15];
+		}
+		UNPACK_PUSH(bitstr);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'c':
+	    signed_p = 1;
+	    integer_size = 1;
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P(); /* not effective */
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'C':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = 1;
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P(); /* not effective */
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 's':
+	    signed_p = 1;
+	    integer_size = NATINT_LEN(short, 2);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'S':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = NATINT_LEN(short, 2);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'i':
+	    signed_p = 1;
+	    integer_size = (int)sizeof(int);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'I':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = (int)sizeof(int);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'l':
+	    signed_p = 1;
+	    integer_size = NATINT_LEN(long, 4);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'L':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = NATINT_LEN(long, 4);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'q':
+	    signed_p = 1;
+	    integer_size = NATINT_LEN_Q;
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'Q':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = NATINT_LEN_Q;
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'j':
+	    signed_p = 1;
+	    integer_size = sizeof(intptr_t);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'J':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = sizeof(uintptr_t);
+	    bigendian_p = BIGENDIAN_P();
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'n':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = 2;
+	    bigendian_p = 1;
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'N':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = 4;
+	    bigendian_p = 1;
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'v':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = 2;
+	    bigendian_p = 0;
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  case 'V':
+	    signed_p = 0;
+	    integer_size = 4;
+	    bigendian_p = 0;
+	    goto unpack_integer;
+
+	  unpack_integer:
+	    if (explicit_endian) {
+		bigendian_p = explicit_endian == '>';
+	    }
+            PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(integer_size);
+            while (len-- > 0) {
+                int flags = bigendian_p ? INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN : INTEGER_PACK_LITTLE_ENDIAN;
+                VALUE val;
+                if (signed_p)
+                    flags |= INTEGER_PACK_2COMP;
+                val = rb_integer_unpack(s, integer_size, 1, 0, flags);
+                UNPACK_PUSH(val);
+                s += integer_size;
+            }
+            PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+            break;
+
+	  case 'f':
+	  case 'F':
+	    PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sizeof(float));
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		float tmp;
+		memcpy(&tmp, s, sizeof(float));
+		s += sizeof(float);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(DBL2NUM((double)tmp));
+	    }
+	    PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'e':
+	    PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sizeof(float));
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		FLOAT_CONVWITH(tmp);
+		memcpy(tmp.buf, s, sizeof(float));
+		s += sizeof(float);
+		VTOHF(tmp);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(DBL2NUM(tmp.f));
+	    }
+	    PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'E':
+	    PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sizeof(double));
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		DOUBLE_CONVWITH(tmp);
+		memcpy(tmp.buf, s, sizeof(double));
+		s += sizeof(double);
+		VTOHD(tmp);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(DBL2NUM(tmp.d));
+	    }
+	    PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'D':
+	  case 'd':
+	    PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sizeof(double));
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		double tmp;
+		memcpy(&tmp, s, sizeof(double));
+		s += sizeof(double);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(DBL2NUM(tmp));
+	    }
+	    PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'g':
+	    PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sizeof(float));
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		FLOAT_CONVWITH(tmp);
+		memcpy(tmp.buf, s, sizeof(float));
+		s += sizeof(float);
+		NTOHF(tmp);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(DBL2NUM(tmp.f));
+	    }
+	    PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'G':
+	    PACK_LENGTH_ADJUST_SIZE(sizeof(double));
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		DOUBLE_CONVWITH(tmp);
+		memcpy(tmp.buf, s, sizeof(double));
+		s += sizeof(double);
+		NTOHD(tmp);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(DBL2NUM(tmp.d));
+	    }
+	    PACK_ITEM_ADJUST();
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'U':
+	    if (len > send - s) len = send - s;
+	    while (len > 0 && s < send) {
+		long alen = send - s;
+		unsigned long l;
+
+		l = utf8_to_uv(s, &alen);
+		s += alen; len--;
+		UNPACK_PUSH(ULONG2NUM(l));
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'u':
+	    {
+		VALUE buf = infected_str_new(0, (send - s)*3/4, str);
+		char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(buf);
+		long total = 0;
+
+		while (s < send && (unsigned char)*s > ' ' && (unsigned char)*s < 'a') {
+		    long a,b,c,d;
+		    char hunk[3];
+
+		    len = ((unsigned char)*s++ - ' ') & 077;
+
+		    total += len;
+		    if (total > RSTRING_LEN(buf)) {
+			len -= total - RSTRING_LEN(buf);
+			total = RSTRING_LEN(buf);
+		    }
+
+		    while (len > 0) {
+			long mlen = len > 3 ? 3 : len;
+
+			if (s < send && (unsigned char)*s >= ' ' && (unsigned char)*s < 'a')
+			    a = ((unsigned char)*s++ - ' ') & 077;
+			else
+			    a = 0;
+			if (s < send && (unsigned char)*s >= ' ' && (unsigned char)*s < 'a')
+			    b = ((unsigned char)*s++ - ' ') & 077;
+			else
+			    b = 0;
+			if (s < send && (unsigned char)*s >= ' ' && (unsigned char)*s < 'a')
+			    c = ((unsigned char)*s++ - ' ') & 077;
+			else
+			    c = 0;
+			if (s < send && (unsigned char)*s >= ' ' && (unsigned char)*s < 'a')
+			    d = ((unsigned char)*s++ - ' ') & 077;
+			else
+			    d = 0;
+			hunk[0] = (char)(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			hunk[1] = (char)(b << 4 | c >> 2);
+			hunk[2] = (char)(c << 6 | d);
+			memcpy(ptr, hunk, mlen);
+			ptr += mlen;
+			len -= mlen;
+		    }
+		    if (s < send && (unsigned char)*s != '\r' && *s != '\n')
+			s++;	/* possible checksum byte */
+		    if (s < send && *s == '\r') s++;
+		    if (s < send && *s == '\n') s++;
+		}
+
+		rb_str_set_len(buf, total);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(buf);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'm':
+	    {
+		VALUE buf = infected_str_new(0, (send - s + 3)*3/4, str); /* +3 is for skipping paddings */
+		char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(buf);
+		int a = -1,b = -1,c = 0,d = 0;
+		static signed char b64_xtable[256];
+
+		if (b64_xtable['/'] <= 0) {
+		    int i;
+
+		    for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+			b64_xtable[i] = -1;
+		    }
+		    for (i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
+			b64_xtable[(unsigned char)b64_table[i]] = (char)i;
+		    }
+		}
+		if (len == 0) {
+		    while (s < send) {
+			a = b = c = d = -1;
+			a = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s++];
+			if (s >= send || a == -1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+			b = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s++];
+			if (s >= send || b == -1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+			if (*s == '=') {
+			    if (s + 2 == send && *(s + 1) == '=') break;
+			    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+			}
+			c = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s++];
+			if (s >= send || c == -1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+			if (s + 1 == send && *s == '=') break;
+			d = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s++];
+			if (d == -1) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+			*ptr++ = castchar(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			*ptr++ = castchar(b << 4 | c >> 2);
+			*ptr++ = castchar(c << 6 | d);
+		    }
+		    if (c == -1) {
+			*ptr++ = castchar(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			if (b & 0xf) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+		    }
+		    else if (d == -1) {
+			*ptr++ = castchar(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			*ptr++ = castchar(b << 4 | c >> 2);
+			if (c & 0x3) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid base64");
+		    }
+		}
+		else {
+		    while (s < send) {
+			a = b = c = d = -1;
+			while ((a = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s]) == -1 && s < send) {s++;}
+			if (s >= send) break;
+			s++;
+			while ((b = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s]) == -1 && s < send) {s++;}
+			if (s >= send) break;
+			s++;
+			while ((c = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s]) == -1 && s < send) {if (*s == '=') break; s++;}
+			if (*s == '=' || s >= send) break;
+			s++;
+			while ((d = b64_xtable[(unsigned char)*s]) == -1 && s < send) {if (*s == '=') break; s++;}
+			if (*s == '=' || s >= send) break;
+			s++;
+			*ptr++ = castchar(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			*ptr++ = castchar(b << 4 | c >> 2);
+			*ptr++ = castchar(c << 6 | d);
+			a = -1;
+		    }
+		    if (a != -1 && b != -1) {
+			if (c == -1)
+			    *ptr++ = castchar(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			else {
+			    *ptr++ = castchar(a << 2 | b >> 4);
+			    *ptr++ = castchar(b << 4 | c >> 2);
+			}
+		    }
+		}
+		rb_str_set_len(buf, ptr - RSTRING_PTR(buf));
+		UNPACK_PUSH(buf);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'M':
+	    {
+		VALUE buf = infected_str_new(0, send - s, str);
+		char *ptr = RSTRING_PTR(buf), *ss = s;
+		int c1, c2;
+
+		while (s < send) {
+		    if (*s == '=') {
+			if (++s == send) break;
+			if (s+1 < send && *s == '\r' && *(s+1) == '\n')
+			    s++;
+			if (*s != '\n') {
+			    if ((c1 = hex2num(*s)) == -1) break;
+			    if (++s == send) break;
+			    if ((c2 = hex2num(*s)) == -1) break;
+			    *ptr++ = castchar(c1 << 4 | c2);
+			}
+		    }
+		    else {
+			*ptr++ = *s;
+		    }
+		    s++;
+		    ss = s;
+		}
+		rb_str_set_len(buf, ptr - RSTRING_PTR(buf));
+		rb_str_buf_cat(buf, ss, send-ss);
+		ENCODING_CODERANGE_SET(buf, rb_ascii8bit_encindex(), ENC_CODERANGE_VALID);
+		UNPACK_PUSH(buf);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case '@':
+	    if (len > RSTRING_LEN(str))
+		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "@ outside of string");
+	    s = RSTRING_PTR(str) + len;
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'X':
+	    if (len > s - RSTRING_PTR(str))
+		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "X outside of string");
+	    s -= len;
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'x':
+	    if (len > send - s)
+		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "x outside of string");
+	    s += len;
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'P':
+	    if (sizeof(char *) <= (size_t)(send - s)) {
+		VALUE tmp = Qnil;
+		char *t;
+
+		memcpy(&t, s, sizeof(char *));
+		s += sizeof(char *);
+
+		if (t) {
+		    VALUE a;
+		    const VALUE *p, *pend;
+
+		    if (!(a = str_associated(str))) {
+			rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no associated pointer");
+		    }
+		    p = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(a);
+		    pend = p + RARRAY_LEN(a);
+		    while (p < pend) {
+			if (RB_TYPE_P(*p, T_STRING) && RSTRING_PTR(*p) == t) {
+			    if (len < RSTRING_LEN(*p)) {
+				tmp = rb_tainted_str_new(t, len);
+				str_associate(tmp, a);
+			    }
+			    else {
+				tmp = *p;
+			    }
+			    break;
+			}
+			p++;
+		    }
+		    if (p == pend) {
+			rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "non associated pointer");
+		    }
+		}
+		UNPACK_PUSH(tmp);
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'p':
+	    if (len > (long)((send - s) / sizeof(char *)))
+		len = (send - s) / sizeof(char *);
+	    while (len-- > 0) {
+		if ((size_t)(send - s) < sizeof(char *))
+		    break;
+		else {
+		    VALUE tmp = Qnil;
+		    char *t;
+
+		    memcpy(&t, s, sizeof(char *));
+		    s += sizeof(char *);
+
+		    if (t) {
+			VALUE a;
+			const VALUE *p, *pend;
+
+			if (!(a = str_associated(str))) {
+			    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no associated pointer");
+			}
+			p = RARRAY_CONST_PTR(a);
+			pend = p + RARRAY_LEN(a);
+			while (p < pend) {
+			    if (RB_TYPE_P(*p, T_STRING) && RSTRING_PTR(*p) == t) {
+				tmp = *p;
+				break;
+			    }
+			    p++;
+			}
+			if (p == pend) {
+			    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "non associated pointer");
+			}
+		    }
+		    UNPACK_PUSH(tmp);
+		}
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  case 'w':
+	    {
+                char *s0 = s;
+                while (len > 0 && s < send) {
+                    if (*s & 0x80) {
+                        s++;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        s++;
+                        UNPACK_PUSH(rb_integer_unpack(s0, s-s0, 1, 1, INTEGER_PACK_BIG_ENDIAN));
+                        len--;
+                        s0 = s;
+                    }
+                }
+	    }
+	    break;
+
+	  default:
+	    rb_warning("unknown unpack directive '%c' in '%s'",
+		type, RSTRING_PTR(fmt));
+	    break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    *parsed_len = s - init_s;
+    return ary;
+}
+
+int
+rb_uv_to_utf8(char buf[6], unsigned long uv)
+{
+    if (uv <= 0x7f) {
+	buf[0] = (char)uv;
+	return 1;
+    }
+    if (uv <= 0x7ff) {
+	buf[0] = castchar(((uv>>6)&0xff)|0xc0);
+	buf[1] = castchar((uv&0x3f)|0x80);
+	return 2;
+    }
+    if (uv <= 0xffff) {
+	buf[0] = castchar(((uv>>12)&0xff)|0xe0);
+	buf[1] = castchar(((uv>>6)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[2] = castchar((uv&0x3f)|0x80);
+	return 3;
+    }
+    if (uv <= 0x1fffff) {
+	buf[0] = castchar(((uv>>18)&0xff)|0xf0);
+	buf[1] = castchar(((uv>>12)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[2] = castchar(((uv>>6)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[3] = castchar((uv&0x3f)|0x80);
+	return 4;
+    }
+    if (uv <= 0x3ffffff) {
+	buf[0] = castchar(((uv>>24)&0xff)|0xf8);
+	buf[1] = castchar(((uv>>18)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[2] = castchar(((uv>>12)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[3] = castchar(((uv>>6)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[4] = castchar((uv&0x3f)|0x80);
+	return 5;
+    }
+    if (uv <= 0x7fffffff) {
+	buf[0] = castchar(((uv>>30)&0xff)|0xfc);
+	buf[1] = castchar(((uv>>24)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[2] = castchar(((uv>>18)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[3] = castchar(((uv>>12)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[4] = castchar(((uv>>6)&0x3f)|0x80);
+	buf[5] = castchar((uv&0x3f)|0x80);
+	return 6;
+    }
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "pack(U): value out of range");
+
+    UNREACHABLE;
+}
+
+static const unsigned long utf8_limits[] = {
+    0x0,			/* 1 */
+    0x80,			/* 2 */
+    0x800,			/* 3 */
+    0x10000,			/* 4 */
+    0x200000,			/* 5 */
+    0x4000000,			/* 6 */
+    0x80000000,			/* 7 */
+};
+
+static unsigned long
+utf8_to_uv(const char *p, long *lenp)
+{
+    int c = *p++ & 0xff;
+    unsigned long uv = c;
+    long n;
+
+    if (!(uv & 0x80)) {
+	*lenp = 1;
+        return uv;
+    }
+    if (!(uv & 0x40)) {
+	*lenp = 1;
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "malformed UTF-8 character");
+    }
+
+    if      (!(uv & 0x20)) { n = 2; uv &= 0x1f; }
+    else if (!(uv & 0x10)) { n = 3; uv &= 0x0f; }
+    else if (!(uv & 0x08)) { n = 4; uv &= 0x07; }
+    else if (!(uv & 0x04)) { n = 5; uv &= 0x03; }
+    else if (!(uv & 0x02)) { n = 6; uv &= 0x01; }
+    else {
+	*lenp = 1;
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "malformed UTF-8 character");
+    }
+    if (n > *lenp) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "malformed UTF-8 character (expected %ld bytes, given %ld bytes)",
+		 n, *lenp);
+    }
+    *lenp = n--;
+    if (n != 0) {
+	while (n--) {
+	    c = *p++ & 0xff;
+	    if ((c & 0xc0) != 0x80) {
+		*lenp -= n + 1;
+		rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "malformed UTF-8 character");
+	    }
+	    else {
+		c &= 0x3f;
+		uv = uv << 6 | c;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    n = *lenp - 1;
+    if (uv < utf8_limits[n]) {
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "redundant UTF-8 sequence");
+    }
+    return uv;
+}