zpl_render 0.1.0

data/lib/zpl_render/barcode/interleaved2of5.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ZplRender
+  module Barcode
+    # Interleaved 2 of 5 encoder (ZPL ^B2). Digits are encoded in pairs:
+    # the first digit as bars, the second as the interleaved spaces.
+    class Interleaved2of5
+      PATTERNS = {
+        "0" => "nnwwn", "1" => "wnnnw", "2" => "nwnnw", "3" => "wwnnn",
+        "4" => "nnwnw", "5" => "wnwnn", "6" => "nwwnn", "7" => "nnnww",
+        "8" => "wnnwn", "9" => "nwnwn"
+      }.freeze
+
+      Result = Struct.new(:elements, :interpretation, keyword_init: true)
+
+      def self.encode(data, check_digit: false)
+        digits = data.to_s.gsub(/\D/, "")
+        if check_digit
+          sum = 0
+          digits.reverse.each_char.with_index { |c, i| sum += c.to_i * (i.even? ? 3 : 1) }
+          digits += ((10 - (sum % 10)) % 10).to_s
+        end
+        digits = "0#{digits}" if digits.length.odd?
+
+        elements = []
+        # start: narrow bar, narrow space, narrow bar, narrow space
+        2.times { elements << [:narrow, true] << [:narrow, false] }
+        digits.chars.each_slice(2) do |a, b|
+          bars = PATTERNS.fetch(a)
+          spaces = PATTERNS.fetch(b)
+          5.times do |i|
+            elements << [bars[i] == "w" ? :wide : :narrow, true]
+            elements << [spaces[i] == "w" ? :wide : :narrow, false]
+          end
+        end
+        # stop: wide bar, narrow space, narrow bar
+        elements << [:wide, true] << [:narrow, false] << [:narrow, true]
+        Result.new(elements: elements, interpretation: digits)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/zpl_render/barcode/pdf417.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "pdf417_tables"
+
+module ZplRender
+  module Barcode
+    # PDF417 encoder (ISO/IEC 15438) for ZPL ^B7.
+    #
+    # Data is encoded with byte compaction (latches 924/901) plus numeric
+    # compaction (902) for long digit runs. That always reproduces the input
+    # bytes exactly on decode, which is what matters for scanners; a Zebra
+    # printer may pick text compaction for the same data, producing a
+    # denser but equivalently-decoding symbol.
+    class Pdf417
+      START = 0x1fea8 # 17 modules
+      STOP = 0x3fa29  # 18 modules
+      PADDING = 900
+      LATCH_BYTE_MULTIPLE6 = 924
+      LATCH_BYTE = 901
+      LATCH_NUMERIC = 902
+      MAX_CODE_WORDS = 928
+
+      Symbolinfo = Struct.new(:rows, :cols, :patterns, :truncated, keyword_init: true)
+
+      # Returns Symbolinfo where patterns is an array of rows, each row an
+      # array of [pattern_int, module_count] ready to draw left-to-right.
+      def self.encode(data, security: nil, columns: 0, rows: 0, truncated: false)
+        new(data.to_s.b, security, columns, rows, truncated).encode
+      end
+
+      def initialize(data, security, columns, rows, truncated)
+        @data = data
+        @security = security
+        @columns = columns.to_i
+        @rows = rows.to_i
+        @truncated = truncated
+      end
+
+      def encode
+        data_words = compact(@data)
+        level = @security || recommended_level(data_words.length)
+        level = level.clamp(0, 8)
+        ec_count = 2**(level + 1)
+
+        cols, row_count = geometry(data_words.length, ec_count)
+        pad_count = cols * row_count - (data_words.length + ec_count + 1)
+        descriptor = 1 + data_words.length + pad_count
+        words = [descriptor] + data_words + [PADDING] * pad_count
+        words += error_correction(words, ec_count, level)
+
+        patterns = words.each_slice(cols).with_index.map do |row_words, row_no|
+          cluster = Pdf417Tables::CLUSTER_PATTERNS[row_no % 3]
+          row = [[START, 17], [cluster[left_indicator(row_no, row_count, cols, level)], 17]]
+          row_words.each { |w| row << [cluster[w], 17] }
+          if @truncated
+            row << [1, 1] # single-module termination bar
+          else
+            row << [cluster[right_indicator(row_no, row_count, cols, level)], 17]
+            row << [STOP, 18]
+          end
+          row
+        end
+
+        Symbolinfo.new(rows: row_count, cols: cols, patterns: patterns, truncated: @truncated)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def compact(bytes)
+        words = []
+        chunks = split_digit_runs(bytes)
+        chunks.each do |kind, chunk|
+          if kind == :numeric
+            words << LATCH_NUMERIC
+            chunk.each_slice(44) { |slice| words.concat(numeric_words(slice)) }
+          else
+            words.concat(byte_words(chunk))
+          end
+        end
+        raise Error, "PDF417 data too long" if words.length + 1 > MAX_CODE_WORDS
+
+        words
+      end
+
+      # Digit runs of 13+ are worth switching to numeric compaction.
+      def split_digit_runs(bytes)
+        chunks = []
+        current = []
+        digits = []
+        bytes.each_byte do |b|
+          if b >= 0x30 && b <= 0x39
+            digits << b
+          else
+            if digits.length >= 13
+              chunks << [:byte, current] unless current.empty?
+              chunks << [:numeric, digits]
+              current = []
+            else
+              current.concat(digits)
+            end
+            digits = []
+            current << b
+          end
+        end
+        if digits.length >= 13
+          chunks << [:byte, current] unless current.empty?
+          chunks << [:numeric, digits]
+        else
+          current.concat(digits)
+          chunks << [:byte, current] unless current.empty?
+        end
+        chunks
+      end
+
+      def numeric_words(digit_bytes)
+        num = ("1" + digit_bytes.pack("C*")).to_i
+        words = []
+        while num.positive?
+          words.unshift(num % 900)
+          num /= 900
+        end
+        words
+      end
+
+      def byte_words(bytes)
+        return [] if bytes.empty?
+
+        words = bytes.length % 6 == 0 ? [LATCH_BYTE_MULTIPLE6] : [LATCH_BYTE]
+        bytes.each_slice(6) do |group|
+          if group.length == 6
+            value = group.reduce(0) { |acc, b| acc * 256 + b }
+            stack = []
+            5.times do
+              stack.unshift(value % 900)
+              value /= 900
+            end
+            words.concat(stack)
+          else
+            words.concat(group) # trailing < 6 bytes are emitted directly
+          end
+        end
+        words
+      end
+
+      # Security level recommendations from ISO/IEC 15438 Annex E.
+      def recommended_level(data_count)
+        case data_count
+        when 0..40 then 2
+        when 41..160 then 3
+        when 161..320 then 4
+        else 5
+        end
+      end
+
+      def geometry(data_count, ec_count)
+        total = data_count + ec_count + 1
+        cols = @columns.clamp(0, 30)
+        if cols.zero?
+          # aim for the ZPL default 1:2 row-to-column shape
+          cols = (1..30).find { |c| (total.to_f / c).ceil <= [2 * c, 90].min } || 30
+        end
+        rows = [(total.to_f / cols).ceil, 3].max
+        rows = [@rows, rows].max if @rows.positive? # honor larger explicit row count
+        raise Error, "PDF417 symbol exceeds 90 rows; increase columns" if rows > 90
+
+        [cols, rows]
+      end
+
+      def error_correction(words, count, level)
+        factors = Pdf417Tables::ECC_FACTORS[level]
+        ec = Array.new(count, 0)
+        words.each do |word|
+          temp = (word + ec[-1]) % 929
+          (count - 1).downto(0) do |x|
+            prev = x.positive? ? ec[x - 1] : 0
+            ec[x] = (prev + 929 - (temp * factors[x]) % 929) % 929
+          end
+        end
+        ec.reverse.map { |x| x.positive? ? 929 - x : x }
+      end
+
+      def left_indicator(row_no, rows, cols, level)
+        x = case row_no % 3
+            when 0 then (rows - 1) / 3
+            when 1 then level * 3 + (rows - 1) % 3
+            else cols - 1
+            end
+        30 * (row_no / 3) + x
+      end
+
+      def right_indicator(row_no, rows, cols, level)
+        x = case row_no % 3
+            when 0 then cols - 1
+            when 1 then (rows - 1) / 3
+            else level * 3 + (rows - 1) % 3
+            end
+        30 * (row_no / 3) + x
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/zpl_render/barcode/pdf417_tables.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ZplRender
+  module Barcode
+    # PDF417 low-level tables (ISO/IEC 15438).
+    # CLUSTER_PATTERNS: for each cluster (row % 3), 929 entries mapping a
+    # codeword to its 17-module bar pattern (MSB first, 1 = bar).
+    # ECC_FACTORS: Reed-Solomon factor polynomials for security levels 0-8.
+    module Pdf417Tables
+      CLUSTER_PATTERNS = [
+        [
+          0x1d5c0, 0x1eaf0, 0x1f57c, 0x1d4e0, 0x1ea78, 0x1f53e, 0x1a8c0, 0x1d470, 0x1a860, 0x15040, 0x1a830, 0x15020,
+          0x1adc0, 0x1d6f0, 0x1eb7c, 0x1ace0, 0x1d678, 0x1eb3e, 0x158c0, 0x1ac70, 0x15860, 0x15dc0, 0x1aef0, 0x1d77c,
+          0x15ce0, 0x1ae78, 0x1d73e, 0x15c70, 0x1ae3c, 0x15ef0, 0x1af7c, 0x15e78, 0x1af3e, 0x15f7c, 0x1f5fa, 0x1d2e0,
+          0x1e978, 0x1f4be, 0x1a4c0, 0x1d270, 0x1e93c, 0x1a460, 0x1d238, 0x14840, 0x1a430, 0x1d21c, 0x14820, 0x1a418,
+          0x14810, 0x1a6e0, 0x1d378, 0x1e9be, 0x14cc0, 0x1a670, 0x1d33c, 0x14c60, 0x1a638, 0x1d31e, 0x14c30, 0x1a61c,
+          0x14ee0, 0x1a778, 0x1d3be, 0x14e70, 0x1a73c, 0x14e38, 0x1a71e, 0x14f78, 0x1a7be, 0x14f3c, 0x14f1e, 0x1a2c0,
+          0x1d170, 0x1e8bc, 0x1a260, 0x1d138, 0x1e89e, 0x14440, 0x1a230, 0x1d11c, 0x14420, 0x1a218, 0x14410, 0x14408,
+          0x146c0, 0x1a370, 0x1d1bc, 0x14660, 0x1a338, 0x1d19e, 0x14630, 0x1a31c, 0x14618, 0x1460c, 0x14770, 0x1a3bc,
+          0x14738, 0x1a39e, 0x1471c, 0x147bc, 0x1a160, 0x1d0b8, 0x1e85e, 0x14240, 0x1a130, 0x1d09c, 0x14220, 0x1a118,
+          0x1d08e, 0x14210, 0x1a10c, 0x14208, 0x1a106, 0x14360, 0x1a1b8, 0x1d0de, 0x14330, 0x1a19c, 0x14318, 0x1a18e,
+          0x1430c, 0x14306, 0x1a1de, 0x1438e, 0x14140, 0x1a0b0, 0x1d05c, 0x14120, 0x1a098, 0x1d04e, 0x14110, 0x1a08c,
+          0x14108, 0x1a086, 0x14104, 0x141b0, 0x14198, 0x1418c, 0x140a0, 0x1d02e, 0x1a04c, 0x1a046, 0x14082, 0x1cae0,
+          0x1e578, 0x1f2be, 0x194c0, 0x1ca70, 0x1e53c, 0x19460, 0x1ca38, 0x1e51e, 0x12840, 0x19430, 0x12820, 0x196e0,
+          0x1cb78, 0x1e5be, 0x12cc0, 0x19670, 0x1cb3c, 0x12c60, 0x19638, 0x12c30, 0x12c18, 0x12ee0, 0x19778, 0x1cbbe,
+          0x12e70, 0x1973c, 0x12e38, 0x12e1c, 0x12f78, 0x197be, 0x12f3c, 0x12fbe, 0x1dac0, 0x1ed70, 0x1f6bc, 0x1da60,
+          0x1ed38, 0x1f69e, 0x1b440, 0x1da30, 0x1ed1c, 0x1b420, 0x1da18, 0x1ed0e, 0x1b410, 0x1da0c, 0x192c0, 0x1c970,
+          0x1e4bc, 0x1b6c0, 0x19260, 0x1c938, 0x1e49e, 0x1b660, 0x1db38, 0x1ed9e, 0x16c40, 0x12420, 0x19218, 0x1c90e,
+          0x16c20, 0x1b618, 0x16c10, 0x126c0, 0x19370, 0x1c9bc, 0x16ec0, 0x12660, 0x19338, 0x1c99e, 0x16e60, 0x1b738,
+          0x1db9e, 0x16e30, 0x12618, 0x16e18, 0x12770, 0x193bc, 0x16f70, 0x12738, 0x1939e, 0x16f38, 0x1b79e, 0x16f1c,
+          0x127bc, 0x16fbc, 0x1279e, 0x16f9e, 0x1d960, 0x1ecb8, 0x1f65e, 0x1b240, 0x1d930, 0x1ec9c, 0x1b220, 0x1d918,
+          0x1ec8e, 0x1b210, 0x1d90c, 0x1b208, 0x1b204, 0x19160, 0x1c8b8, 0x1e45e, 0x1b360, 0x19130, 0x1c89c, 0x16640,
+          0x12220, 0x1d99c, 0x1c88e, 0x16620, 0x12210, 0x1910c, 0x16610, 0x1b30c, 0x19106, 0x12204, 0x12360, 0x191b8,
+          0x1c8de, 0x16760, 0x12330, 0x1919c, 0x16730, 0x1b39c, 0x1918e, 0x16718, 0x1230c, 0x12306, 0x123b8, 0x191de,
+          0x167b8, 0x1239c, 0x1679c, 0x1238e, 0x1678e, 0x167de, 0x1b140, 0x1d8b0, 0x1ec5c, 0x1b120, 0x1d898, 0x1ec4e,
+          0x1b110, 0x1d88c, 0x1b108, 0x1d886, 0x1b104, 0x1b102, 0x12140, 0x190b0, 0x1c85c, 0x16340, 0x12120, 0x19098,
+          0x1c84e, 0x16320, 0x1b198, 0x1d8ce, 0x16310, 0x12108, 0x19086, 0x16308, 0x1b186, 0x16304, 0x121b0, 0x190dc,
+          0x163b0, 0x12198, 0x190ce, 0x16398, 0x1b1ce, 0x1638c, 0x12186, 0x16386, 0x163dc, 0x163ce, 0x1b0a0, 0x1d858,
+          0x1ec2e, 0x1b090, 0x1d84c, 0x1b088, 0x1d846, 0x1b084, 0x1b082, 0x120a0, 0x19058, 0x1c82e, 0x161a0, 0x12090,
+          0x1904c, 0x16190, 0x1b0cc, 0x19046, 0x16188, 0x12084, 0x16184, 0x12082, 0x120d8, 0x161d8, 0x161cc, 0x161c6,
+          0x1d82c, 0x1d826, 0x1b042, 0x1902c, 0x12048, 0x160c8, 0x160c4, 0x160c2, 0x18ac0, 0x1c570, 0x1e2bc, 0x18a60,
+          0x1c538, 0x11440, 0x18a30, 0x1c51c, 0x11420, 0x18a18, 0x11410, 0x11408, 0x116c0, 0x18b70, 0x1c5bc, 0x11660,
+          0x18b38, 0x1c59e, 0x11630, 0x18b1c, 0x11618, 0x1160c, 0x11770, 0x18bbc, 0x11738, 0x18b9e, 0x1171c, 0x117bc,
+          0x1179e, 0x1cd60, 0x1e6b8, 0x1f35e, 0x19a40, 0x1cd30, 0x1e69c, 0x19a20, 0x1cd18, 0x1e68e, 0x19a10, 0x1cd0c,
+          0x19a08, 0x1cd06, 0x18960, 0x1c4b8, 0x1e25e, 0x19b60, 0x18930, 0x1c49c, 0x13640, 0x11220, 0x1cd9c, 0x1c48e,
+          0x13620, 0x19b18, 0x1890c, 0x13610, 0x11208, 0x13608, 0x11360, 0x189b8, 0x1c4de, 0x13760, 0x11330, 0x1cdde,
+          0x13730, 0x19b9c, 0x1898e, 0x13718, 0x1130c, 0x1370c, 0x113b8, 0x189de, 0x137b8, 0x1139c, 0x1379c, 0x1138e,
+          0x113de, 0x137de, 0x1dd40, 0x1eeb0, 0x1f75c, 0x1dd20, 0x1ee98, 0x1f74e, 0x1dd10, 0x1ee8c, 0x1dd08, 0x1ee86,
+          0x1dd04, 0x19940, 0x1ccb0, 0x1e65c, 0x1bb40, 0x19920, 0x1eedc, 0x1e64e, 0x1bb20, 0x1dd98, 0x1eece, 0x1bb10,
+          0x19908, 0x1cc86, 0x1bb08, 0x1dd86, 0x19902, 0x11140, 0x188b0, 0x1c45c, 0x13340, 0x11120, 0x18898, 0x1c44e,
+          0x17740, 0x13320, 0x19998, 0x1ccce, 0x17720, 0x1bb98, 0x1ddce, 0x18886, 0x17710, 0x13308, 0x19986, 0x17708,
+          0x11102, 0x111b0, 0x188dc, 0x133b0, 0x11198, 0x188ce, 0x177b0, 0x13398, 0x199ce, 0x17798, 0x1bbce, 0x11186,
+          0x13386, 0x111dc, 0x133dc, 0x111ce, 0x177dc, 0x133ce, 0x1dca0, 0x1ee58, 0x1f72e, 0x1dc90, 0x1ee4c, 0x1dc88,
+          0x1ee46, 0x1dc84, 0x1dc82, 0x198a0, 0x1cc58, 0x1e62e, 0x1b9a0, 0x19890, 0x1ee6e, 0x1b990, 0x1dccc, 0x1cc46,
+          0x1b988, 0x19884, 0x1b984, 0x19882, 0x1b982, 0x110a0, 0x18858, 0x1c42e, 0x131a0, 0x11090, 0x1884c, 0x173a0,
+          0x13190, 0x198cc, 0x18846, 0x17390, 0x1b9cc, 0x11084, 0x17388, 0x13184, 0x11082, 0x13182, 0x110d8, 0x1886e,
+          0x131d8, 0x110cc, 0x173d8, 0x131cc, 0x110c6, 0x173cc, 0x131c6, 0x110ee, 0x173ee, 0x1dc50, 0x1ee2c, 0x1dc48,
+          0x1ee26, 0x1dc44, 0x1dc42, 0x19850, 0x1cc2c, 0x1b8d0, 0x19848, 0x1cc26, 0x1b8c8, 0x1dc66, 0x1b8c4, 0x19842,
+          0x1b8c2, 0x11050, 0x1882c, 0x130d0, 0x11048, 0x18826, 0x171d0, 0x130c8, 0x19866, 0x171c8, 0x1b8e6, 0x11042,
+          0x171c4, 0x130c2, 0x171c2, 0x130ec, 0x171ec, 0x171e6, 0x1ee16, 0x1dc22, 0x1cc16, 0x19824, 0x19822, 0x11028,
+          0x13068, 0x170e8, 0x11022, 0x13062, 0x18560, 0x10a40, 0x18530, 0x10a20, 0x18518, 0x1c28e, 0x10a10, 0x1850c,
+          0x10a08, 0x18506, 0x10b60, 0x185b8, 0x1c2de, 0x10b30, 0x1859c, 0x10b18, 0x1858e, 0x10b0c, 0x10b06, 0x10bb8,
+          0x185de, 0x10b9c, 0x10b8e, 0x10bde, 0x18d40, 0x1c6b0, 0x1e35c, 0x18d20, 0x1c698, 0x18d10, 0x1c68c, 0x18d08,
+          0x1c686, 0x18d04, 0x10940, 0x184b0, 0x1c25c, 0x11b40, 0x10920, 0x1c6dc, 0x1c24e, 0x11b20, 0x18d98, 0x1c6ce,
+          0x11b10, 0x10908, 0x18486, 0x11b08, 0x18d86, 0x10902, 0x109b0, 0x184dc, 0x11bb0, 0x10998, 0x184ce, 0x11b98,
+          0x18dce, 0x11b8c, 0x10986, 0x109dc, 0x11bdc, 0x109ce, 0x11bce, 0x1cea0, 0x1e758, 0x1f3ae, 0x1ce90, 0x1e74c,
+          0x1ce88, 0x1e746, 0x1ce84, 0x1ce82, 0x18ca0, 0x1c658, 0x19da0, 0x18c90, 0x1c64c, 0x19d90, 0x1cecc, 0x1c646,
+          0x19d88, 0x18c84, 0x19d84, 0x18c82, 0x19d82, 0x108a0, 0x18458, 0x119a0, 0x10890, 0x1c66e, 0x13ba0, 0x11990,
+          0x18ccc, 0x18446, 0x13b90, 0x19dcc, 0x10884, 0x13b88, 0x11984, 0x10882, 0x11982, 0x108d8, 0x1846e, 0x119d8,
+          0x108cc, 0x13bd8, 0x119cc, 0x108c6, 0x13bcc, 0x119c6, 0x108ee, 0x119ee, 0x13bee, 0x1ef50, 0x1f7ac, 0x1ef48,
+          0x1f7a6, 0x1ef44, 0x1ef42, 0x1ce50, 0x1e72c, 0x1ded0, 0x1ef6c, 0x1e726, 0x1dec8, 0x1ef66, 0x1dec4, 0x1ce42,
+          0x1dec2, 0x18c50, 0x1c62c, 0x19cd0, 0x18c48, 0x1c626, 0x1bdd0, 0x19cc8, 0x1ce66, 0x1bdc8, 0x1dee6, 0x18c42,
+          0x1bdc4, 0x19cc2, 0x1bdc2, 0x10850, 0x1842c, 0x118d0, 0x10848, 0x18426, 0x139d0, 0x118c8, 0x18c66, 0x17bd0,
+          0x139c8, 0x19ce6, 0x10842, 0x17bc8, 0x1bde6, 0x118c2, 0x17bc4, 0x1086c, 0x118ec, 0x10866, 0x139ec, 0x118e6,
+          0x17bec, 0x139e6, 0x17be6, 0x1ef28, 0x1f796, 0x1ef24, 0x1ef22, 0x1ce28, 0x1e716, 0x1de68, 0x1ef36, 0x1de64,
+          0x1ce22, 0x1de62, 0x18c28, 0x1c616, 0x19c68, 0x18c24, 0x1bce8, 0x19c64, 0x18c22, 0x1bce4, 0x19c62, 0x1bce2,
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+          0x1e7a8, 0x1e7a4, 0x1e7a2, 0x1c728, 0x1cf68, 0x1e7b6, 0x1cf64, 0x1c722, 0x1cf62, 0x18628, 0x1c316, 0x18e68,
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+          0x18e34, 0x18612, 0x19e74, 0x18e32, 0x1bef4
+        ].freeze,
+        [
+          0x1f560, 0x1fab8, 0x1ea40, 0x1f530, 0x1fa9c, 0x1ea20, 0x1f518, 0x1fa8e, 0x1ea10, 0x1f50c, 0x1ea08, 0x1f506,
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+          0x11dfa, 0x13d78, 0x19ebe, 0x13d3c, 0x13d1e, 0x11cbe, 0x13dbe, 0x17d70, 0x1bebc, 0x17d38, 0x1be9e, 0x17d1c,
+          0x17d0e, 0x13cbc, 0x17dbc, 0x13c9e, 0x17d9e, 0x17cb8, 0x1be5e, 0x17c9c, 0x17c8e, 0x13c5e, 0x17cde, 0x17c5c,
+          0x17c4e, 0x17c2e, 0x1c0b4, 0x1c0b2, 0x18174, 0x18172, 0x102f4, 0x102f2, 0x1e0da, 0x1c09a, 0x1c1ba, 0x1813a,
+          0x1837a, 0x1027a, 0x106fa, 0x10ebe, 0x11ebc, 0x11e9e, 0x13eb8, 0x19f5e, 0x13e9c, 0x13e8e, 0x11e5e, 0x13ede,
+          0x17eb0, 0x1bf5c, 0x17e98, 0x1bf4e, 0x17e8c, 0x17e86, 0x13e5c, 0x17edc, 0x13e4e, 0x17ece, 0x17e58, 0x1bf2e,
+          0x17e4c, 0x17e46, 0x13e2e, 0x17e6e, 0x17e2c, 0x17e26, 0x10f5e, 0x11f5c, 0x11f4e, 0x13f58, 0x19fae, 0x13f4c,
+          0x13f46, 0x11f2e, 0x13f6e, 0x13f2c, 0x13f26
+        ].freeze,
+        [
+          0x1abe0, 0x1d5f8, 0x153c0, 0x1a9f0, 0x1d4fc, 0x151e0, 0x1a8f8, 0x1d47e, 0x150f0, 0x1a87c, 0x15078, 0x1fad0,
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+          0x1a7e4, 0x1a7e2, 0x145e0, 0x1a2f8, 0x1d17e, 0x144f0, 0x1a27c, 0x14478, 0x1a23e, 0x1443c, 0x1441e, 0x1fa34,
+          0x146f8, 0x1a37e, 0x1fa32, 0x1467c, 0x1463e, 0x1f474, 0x1477e, 0x1f472, 0x1e8f4, 0x1e8f2, 0x1d1f4, 0x1d1f2,
+          0x1a3f4, 0x1a3f2, 0x142f0, 0x1a17c, 0x14278, 0x1a13e, 0x1423c, 0x1421e, 0x1fa1a, 0x1437c, 0x1433e, 0x1f43a,
+          0x1e87a, 0x1d0fa, 0x14178, 0x1a0be, 0x1413c, 0x1411e, 0x141be, 0x140bc, 0x1409e, 0x12bc0, 0x195f0, 0x1cafc,
+          0x129e0, 0x194f8, 0x1ca7e, 0x128f0, 0x1947c, 0x12878, 0x1943e, 0x1283c, 0x1f968, 0x12df0, 0x196fc, 0x1f964,
+          0x12cf8, 0x1967e, 0x1f962, 0x12c7c, 0x12c3e, 0x1f2e8, 0x1f976, 0x12efc, 0x1f2e4, 0x12e7e, 0x1f2e2, 0x1e5e8,
+          0x1f2f6, 0x1e5e4, 0x1e5e2, 0x1cbe8, 0x1e5f6, 0x1cbe4, 0x1cbe2, 0x197e8, 0x1cbf6, 0x197e4, 0x197e2, 0x1b5e0,
+          0x1daf8, 0x1ed7e, 0x169c0, 0x1b4f0, 0x1da7c, 0x168e0, 0x1b478, 0x1da3e, 0x16870, 0x1b43c, 0x16838, 0x1b41e,
+          0x1681c, 0x125e0, 0x192f8, 0x1c97e, 0x16de0, 0x124f0, 0x1927c, 0x16cf0, 0x1b67c, 0x1923e, 0x16c78, 0x1243c,
+          0x16c3c, 0x1241e, 0x16c1e, 0x1f934, 0x126f8, 0x1937e, 0x1fb74, 0x1f932, 0x16ef8, 0x1267c, 0x1fb72, 0x16e7c,
+          0x1263e, 0x16e3e, 0x1f274, 0x1277e, 0x1f6f4, 0x1f272, 0x16f7e, 0x1f6f2, 0x1e4f4, 0x1edf4, 0x1e4f2, 0x1edf2,
+          0x1c9f4, 0x1dbf4, 0x1c9f2, 0x1dbf2, 0x193f4, 0x193f2, 0x165c0, 0x1b2f0, 0x1d97c, 0x164e0, 0x1b278, 0x1d93e,
+          0x16470, 0x1b23c, 0x16438, 0x1b21e, 0x1641c, 0x1640e, 0x122f0, 0x1917c, 0x166f0, 0x12278, 0x1913e, 0x16678,
+          0x1b33e, 0x1663c, 0x1221e, 0x1661e, 0x1f91a, 0x1237c, 0x1fb3a, 0x1677c, 0x1233e, 0x1673e, 0x1f23a, 0x1f67a,
+          0x1e47a, 0x1ecfa, 0x1c8fa, 0x1d9fa, 0x191fa, 0x162e0, 0x1b178, 0x1d8be, 0x16270, 0x1b13c, 0x16238, 0x1b11e,
+          0x1621c, 0x1620e, 0x12178, 0x190be, 0x16378, 0x1213c, 0x1633c, 0x1211e, 0x1631e, 0x121be, 0x163be, 0x16170,
+          0x1b0bc, 0x16138, 0x1b09e, 0x1611c, 0x1610e, 0x120bc, 0x161bc, 0x1209e, 0x1619e, 0x160b8, 0x1b05e, 0x1609c,
+          0x1608e, 0x1205e, 0x160de, 0x1605c, 0x1604e, 0x115e0, 0x18af8, 0x1c57e, 0x114f0, 0x18a7c, 0x11478, 0x18a3e,
+          0x1143c, 0x1141e, 0x1f8b4, 0x116f8, 0x18b7e, 0x1f8b2, 0x1167c, 0x1163e, 0x1f174, 0x1177e, 0x1f172, 0x1e2f4,
+          0x1e2f2, 0x1c5f4, 0x1c5f2, 0x18bf4, 0x18bf2, 0x135c0, 0x19af0, 0x1cd7c, 0x134e0, 0x19a78, 0x1cd3e, 0x13470,
+          0x19a3c, 0x13438, 0x19a1e, 0x1341c, 0x1340e, 0x112f0, 0x1897c, 0x136f0, 0x11278, 0x1893e, 0x13678, 0x19b3e,
+          0x1363c, 0x1121e, 0x1361e, 0x1f89a, 0x1137c, 0x1f9ba, 0x1377c, 0x1133e, 0x1373e, 0x1f13a, 0x1f37a, 0x1e27a,
+          0x1e6fa, 0x1c4fa, 0x1cdfa, 0x189fa, 0x1bae0, 0x1dd78, 0x1eebe, 0x174c0, 0x1ba70, 0x1dd3c, 0x17460, 0x1ba38,
+          0x1dd1e, 0x17430, 0x1ba1c, 0x17418, 0x1ba0e, 0x1740c, 0x132e0, 0x19978, 0x1ccbe, 0x176e0, 0x13270, 0x1993c,
+          0x17670, 0x1bb3c, 0x1991e, 0x17638, 0x1321c, 0x1761c, 0x1320e, 0x1760e, 0x11178, 0x188be, 0x13378, 0x1113c,
+          0x17778, 0x1333c, 0x1111e, 0x1773c, 0x1331e, 0x1771e, 0x111be, 0x133be, 0x177be, 0x172c0, 0x1b970, 0x1dcbc,
+          0x17260, 0x1b938, 0x1dc9e, 0x17230, 0x1b91c, 0x17218, 0x1b90e, 0x1720c, 0x17206, 0x13170, 0x198bc, 0x17370,
+          0x13138, 0x1989e, 0x17338, 0x1b99e, 0x1731c, 0x1310e, 0x1730e, 0x110bc, 0x131bc, 0x1109e, 0x173bc, 0x1319e,
+          0x1739e, 0x17160, 0x1b8b8, 0x1dc5e, 0x17130, 0x1b89c, 0x17118, 0x1b88e, 0x1710c, 0x17106, 0x130b8, 0x1985e,
+          0x171b8, 0x1309c, 0x1719c, 0x1308e, 0x1718e, 0x1105e, 0x130de, 0x171de, 0x170b0, 0x1b85c, 0x17098, 0x1b84e,
+          0x1708c, 0x17086, 0x1305c, 0x170dc, 0x1304e, 0x170ce, 0x17058, 0x1b82e, 0x1704c, 0x17046, 0x1302e, 0x1706e,
+          0x1702c, 0x17026, 0x10af0, 0x1857c, 0x10a78, 0x1853e, 0x10a3c, 0x10a1e, 0x10b7c, 0x10b3e, 0x1f0ba, 0x1e17a,
+          0x1c2fa, 0x185fa, 0x11ae0, 0x18d78, 0x1c6be, 0x11a70, 0x18d3c, 0x11a38, 0x18d1e, 0x11a1c, 0x11a0e, 0x10978,
+          0x184be, 0x11b78, 0x1093c, 0x11b3c, 0x1091e, 0x11b1e, 0x109be, 0x11bbe, 0x13ac0, 0x19d70, 0x1cebc, 0x13a60,
+          0x19d38, 0x1ce9e, 0x13a30, 0x19d1c, 0x13a18, 0x19d0e, 0x13a0c, 0x13a06, 0x11970, 0x18cbc, 0x13b70, 0x11938,
+          0x18c9e, 0x13b38, 0x1191c, 0x13b1c, 0x1190e, 0x13b0e, 0x108bc, 0x119bc, 0x1089e, 0x13bbc, 0x1199e, 0x13b9e,
+          0x1bd60, 0x1deb8, 0x1ef5e, 0x17a40, 0x1bd30, 0x1de9c, 0x17a20, 0x1bd18, 0x1de8e, 0x17a10, 0x1bd0c, 0x17a08,
+          0x1bd06, 0x17a04, 0x13960, 0x19cb8, 0x1ce5e, 0x17b60, 0x13930, 0x19c9c, 0x17b30, 0x1bd9c, 0x19c8e, 0x17b18,
+          0x1390c, 0x17b0c, 0x13906, 0x17b06, 0x118b8, 0x18c5e, 0x139b8, 0x1189c, 0x17bb8, 0x1399c, 0x1188e, 0x17b9c,
+          0x1398e, 0x17b8e, 0x1085e, 0x118de, 0x139de, 0x17bde, 0x17940, 0x1bcb0, 0x1de5c, 0x17920, 0x1bc98, 0x1de4e,
+          0x17910, 0x1bc8c, 0x17908, 0x1bc86, 0x17904, 0x17902, 0x138b0, 0x19c5c, 0x179b0, 0x13898, 0x19c4e, 0x17998,
+          0x1bcce, 0x1798c, 0x13886, 0x17986, 0x1185c, 0x138dc, 0x1184e, 0x179dc, 0x138ce, 0x179ce, 0x178a0, 0x1bc58,
+          0x1de2e, 0x17890, 0x1bc4c, 0x17888, 0x1bc46, 0x17884, 0x17882, 0x13858, 0x19c2e, 0x178d8, 0x1384c, 0x178cc,
+          0x13846, 0x178c6, 0x1182e, 0x1386e, 0x178ee, 0x17850, 0x1bc2c, 0x17848, 0x1bc26, 0x17844, 0x17842, 0x1382c,
+          0x1786c, 0x13826, 0x17866, 0x17828, 0x1bc16, 0x17824, 0x17822, 0x13816, 0x17836, 0x10578, 0x182be, 0x1053c,
+          0x1051e, 0x105be, 0x10d70, 0x186bc, 0x10d38, 0x1869e, 0x10d1c, 0x10d0e, 0x104bc, 0x10dbc, 0x1049e, 0x10d9e,
+          0x11d60, 0x18eb8, 0x1c75e, 0x11d30, 0x18e9c, 0x11d18, 0x18e8e, 0x11d0c, 0x11d06, 0x10cb8, 0x1865e, 0x11db8,
+          0x10c9c, 0x11d9c, 0x10c8e, 0x11d8e, 0x1045e, 0x10cde, 0x11dde, 0x13d40, 0x19eb0, 0x1cf5c, 0x13d20, 0x19e98,
+          0x1cf4e, 0x13d10, 0x19e8c, 0x13d08, 0x19e86, 0x13d04, 0x13d02, 0x11cb0, 0x18e5c, 0x13db0, 0x11c98, 0x18e4e,
+          0x13d98, 0x19ece, 0x13d8c, 0x11c86, 0x13d86, 0x10c5c, 0x11cdc, 0x10c4e, 0x13ddc, 0x11cce, 0x13dce, 0x1bea0,
+          0x1df58, 0x1efae, 0x1be90, 0x1df4c, 0x1be88, 0x1df46, 0x1be84, 0x1be82, 0x13ca0, 0x19e58, 0x1cf2e, 0x17da0,
+          0x13c90, 0x19e4c, 0x17d90, 0x1becc, 0x19e46, 0x17d88, 0x13c84, 0x17d84, 0x13c82, 0x17d82, 0x11c58, 0x18e2e,
+          0x13cd8, 0x11c4c, 0x17dd8, 0x13ccc, 0x11c46, 0x17dcc, 0x13cc6, 0x17dc6, 0x10c2e, 0x11c6e, 0x13cee, 0x17dee,
+          0x1be50, 0x1df2c, 0x1be48, 0x1df26, 0x1be44, 0x1be42, 0x13c50, 0x19e2c, 0x17cd0, 0x13c48, 0x19e26, 0x17cc8,
+          0x1be66, 0x17cc4, 0x13c42, 0x17cc2, 0x11c2c, 0x13c6c, 0x11c26, 0x17cec, 0x13c66, 0x17ce6, 0x1be28, 0x1df16,
+          0x1be24, 0x1be22, 0x13c28, 0x19e16, 0x17c68, 0x13c24, 0x17c64, 0x13c22, 0x17c62, 0x11c16, 0x13c36, 0x17c76,
+          0x1be14, 0x1be12, 0x13c14, 0x17c34, 0x13c12, 0x17c32, 0x102bc, 0x1029e, 0x106b8, 0x1835e, 0x1069c, 0x1068e,
+          0x1025e, 0x106de, 0x10eb0, 0x1875c, 0x10e98, 0x1874e, 0x10e8c, 0x10e86, 0x1065c, 0x10edc, 0x1064e, 0x10ece,
+          0x11ea0, 0x18f58, 0x1c7ae, 0x11e90, 0x18f4c, 0x11e88, 0x18f46, 0x11e84, 0x11e82, 0x10e58, 0x1872e, 0x11ed8,
+          0x18f6e, 0x11ecc, 0x10e46, 0x11ec6, 0x1062e, 0x10e6e, 0x11eee, 0x19f50, 0x1cfac, 0x19f48, 0x1cfa6, 0x19f44,
+          0x19f42, 0x11e50, 0x18f2c, 0x13ed0, 0x19f6c, 0x18f26, 0x13ec8, 0x11e44, 0x13ec4, 0x11e42, 0x13ec2, 0x10e2c,
+          0x11e6c, 0x10e26, 0x13eec, 0x11e66, 0x13ee6, 0x1dfa8, 0x1efd6, 0x1dfa4, 0x1dfa2, 0x19f28, 0x1cf96, 0x1bf68,
+          0x19f24, 0x1bf64, 0x19f22, 0x1bf62, 0x11e28, 0x18f16, 0x13e68, 0x11e24, 0x17ee8, 0x13e64, 0x11e22, 0x17ee4,
+          0x13e62, 0x17ee2, 0x10e16, 0x11e36, 0x13e76, 0x17ef6, 0x1df94, 0x1df92, 0x19f14, 0x1bf34, 0x19f12, 0x1bf32,
+          0x11e14, 0x13e34, 0x11e12, 0x17e74, 0x13e32, 0x17e72, 0x1df8a, 0x19f0a, 0x1bf1a, 0x11e0a, 0x13e1a, 0x17e3a,
+          0x1035c, 0x1034e, 0x10758, 0x183ae, 0x1074c, 0x10746, 0x1032e, 0x1076e, 0x10f50, 0x187ac, 0x10f48, 0x187a6,
+          0x10f44, 0x10f42, 0x1072c, 0x10f6c, 0x10726, 0x10f66, 0x18fa8, 0x1c7d6, 0x18fa4, 0x18fa2, 0x10f28, 0x18796,
+          0x11f68, 0x18fb6, 0x11f64, 0x10f22, 0x11f62, 0x10716, 0x10f36, 0x11f76, 0x1cfd4, 0x1cfd2, 0x18f94, 0x19fb4,
+          0x18f92, 0x19fb2, 0x10f14, 0x11f34, 0x10f12, 0x13f74, 0x11f32, 0x13f72, 0x1cfca, 0x18f8a, 0x19f9a, 0x10f0a,
+          0x11f1a, 0x13f3a, 0x103ac, 0x103a6, 0x107a8, 0x183d6, 0x107a4, 0x107a2, 0x10396, 0x107b6, 0x187d4, 0x187d2,
+          0x10794, 0x10fb4, 0x10792, 0x10fb2, 0x1c7ea
+        ].freeze,
+      ].freeze
+
+      ECC_FACTORS = [
+        [ # level 0: 2 words
+          27, 917
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 1: 4 words
+          522, 568, 723, 809
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 2: 8 words
+          237, 308, 436, 284, 646, 653, 428, 379
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 3: 16 words
+          274, 562, 232, 755, 599, 524, 801, 132, 295, 116, 442, 428, 295, 42,
+          176, 65
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 4: 32 words
+          361, 575, 922, 525, 176, 586, 640, 321, 536, 742, 677, 742, 687, 284,
+          193, 517, 273, 494, 263, 147, 593, 800, 571, 320, 803, 133, 231, 390,
+          685, 330, 63, 410
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 5: 64 words
+          539, 422, 6, 93, 862, 771, 453, 106, 610, 287, 107, 505, 733, 877,
+          381, 612, 723, 476, 462, 172, 430, 609, 858, 822, 543, 376, 511, 400,
+          672, 762, 283, 184, 440, 35, 519, 31, 460, 594, 225, 535, 517, 352,
+          605, 158, 651, 201, 488, 502, 648, 733, 717, 83, 404, 97, 280, 771,
+          840, 629, 4, 381, 843, 623, 264, 543
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 6: 128 words
+          521, 310, 864, 547, 858, 580, 296, 379, 53, 779, 897, 444, 400, 925,
+          749, 415, 822, 93, 217, 208, 928, 244, 583, 620, 246, 148, 447, 631,
+          292, 908, 490, 704, 516, 258, 457, 907, 594, 723, 674, 292, 272, 96,
+          684, 432, 686, 606, 860, 569, 193, 219, 129, 186, 236, 287, 192, 775,
+          278, 173, 40, 379, 712, 463, 646, 776, 171, 491, 297, 763, 156, 732,
+          95, 270, 447, 90, 507, 48, 228, 821, 808, 898, 784, 663, 627, 378,
+          382, 262, 380, 602, 754, 336, 89, 614, 87, 432, 670, 616, 157, 374,
+          242, 726, 600, 269, 375, 898, 845, 454, 354, 130, 814, 587, 804, 34,
+          211, 330, 539, 297, 827, 865, 37, 517, 834, 315, 550, 86, 801, 4,
+          108, 539
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 7: 256 words
+          524, 894, 75, 766, 882, 857, 74, 204, 82, 586, 708, 250, 905, 786,
+          138, 720, 858, 194, 311, 913, 275, 190, 375, 850, 438, 733, 194, 280,
+          201, 280, 828, 757, 710, 814, 919, 89, 68, 569, 11, 204, 796, 605,
+          540, 913, 801, 700, 799, 137, 439, 418, 592, 668, 353, 859, 370, 694,
+          325, 240, 216, 257, 284, 549, 209, 884, 315, 70, 329, 793, 490, 274,
+          877, 162, 749, 812, 684, 461, 334, 376, 849, 521, 307, 291, 803, 712,
+          19, 358, 399, 908, 103, 511, 51, 8, 517, 225, 289, 470, 637, 731,
+          66, 255, 917, 269, 463, 830, 730, 433, 848, 585, 136, 538, 906, 90,
+          2, 290, 743, 199, 655, 903, 329, 49, 802, 580, 355, 588, 188, 462,
+          10, 134, 628, 320, 479, 130, 739, 71, 263, 318, 374, 601, 192, 605,
+          142, 673, 687, 234, 722, 384, 177, 752, 607, 640, 455, 193, 689, 707,
+          805, 641, 48, 60, 732, 621, 895, 544, 261, 852, 655, 309, 697, 755,
+          756, 60, 231, 773, 434, 421, 726, 528, 503, 118, 49, 795, 32, 144,
+          500, 238, 836, 394, 280, 566, 319, 9, 647, 550, 73, 914, 342, 126,
+          32, 681, 331, 792, 620, 60, 609, 441, 180, 791, 893, 754, 605, 383,
+          228, 749, 760, 213, 54, 297, 134, 54, 834, 299, 922, 191, 910, 532,
+          609, 829, 189, 20, 167, 29, 872, 449, 83, 402, 41, 656, 505, 579,
+          481, 173, 404, 251, 688, 95, 497, 555, 642, 543, 307, 159, 924, 558,
+          648, 55, 497, 10
+        ].freeze,
+        [ # level 8: 512 words
+          352, 77, 373, 504, 35, 599, 428, 207, 409, 574, 118, 498, 285, 380,
+          350, 492, 197, 265, 920, 155, 914, 299, 229, 643, 294, 871, 306, 88,
+          87, 193, 352, 781, 846, 75, 327, 520, 435, 543, 203, 666, 249, 346,
+          781, 621, 640, 268, 794, 534, 539, 781, 408, 390, 644, 102, 476, 499,
+          290, 632, 545, 37, 858, 916, 552, 41, 542, 289, 122, 272, 383, 800,
+          485, 98, 752, 472, 761, 107, 784, 860, 658, 741, 290, 204, 681, 407,
+          855, 85, 99, 62, 482, 180, 20, 297, 451, 593, 913, 142, 808, 684,
+          287, 536, 561, 76, 653, 899, 729, 567, 744, 390, 513, 192, 516, 258,
+          240, 518, 794, 395, 768, 848, 51, 610, 384, 168, 190, 826, 328, 596,
+          786, 303, 570, 381, 415, 641, 156, 237, 151, 429, 531, 207, 676, 710,
+          89, 168, 304, 402, 40, 708, 575, 162, 864, 229, 65, 861, 841, 512,
+          164, 477, 221, 92, 358, 785, 288, 357, 850, 836, 827, 736, 707, 94,
+          8, 494, 114, 521, 2, 499, 851, 543, 152, 729, 771, 95, 248, 361,
+          578, 323, 856, 797, 289, 51, 684, 466, 533, 820, 669, 45, 902, 452,
+          167, 342, 244, 173, 35, 463, 651, 51, 699, 591, 452, 578, 37, 124,
+          298, 332, 552, 43, 427, 119, 662, 777, 475, 850, 764, 364, 578, 911,
+          283, 711, 472, 420, 245, 288, 594, 394, 511, 327, 589, 777, 699, 688,
+          43, 408, 842, 383, 721, 521, 560, 644, 714, 559, 62, 145, 873, 663,
+          713, 159, 672, 729, 624, 59, 193, 417, 158, 209, 563, 564, 343, 693,
+          109, 608, 563, 365, 181, 772, 677, 310, 248, 353, 708, 410, 579, 870,
+          617, 841, 632, 860, 289, 536, 35, 777, 618, 586, 424, 833, 77, 597,
+          346, 269, 757, 632, 695, 751, 331, 247, 184, 45, 787, 680, 18, 66,
+          407, 369, 54, 492, 228, 613, 830, 922, 437, 519, 644, 905, 789, 420,
+          305, 441, 207, 300, 892, 827, 141, 537, 381, 662, 513, 56, 252, 341,
+          242, 797, 838, 837, 720, 224, 307, 631, 61, 87, 560, 310, 756, 665,
+          397, 808, 851, 309, 473, 795, 378, 31, 647, 915, 459, 806, 590, 731,
+          425, 216, 548, 249, 321, 881, 699, 535, 673, 782, 210, 815, 905, 303,
+          843, 922, 281, 73, 469, 791, 660, 162, 498, 308, 155, 422, 907, 817,
+          187, 62, 16, 425, 535, 336, 286, 437, 375, 273, 610, 296, 183, 923,
+          116, 667, 751, 353, 62, 366, 691, 379, 687, 842, 37, 357, 720, 742,
+          330, 5, 39, 923, 311, 424, 242, 749, 321, 54, 669, 316, 342, 299,
+          534, 105, 667, 488, 640, 672, 576, 540, 316, 486, 721, 610, 46, 656,
+          447, 171, 616, 464, 190, 531, 297, 321, 762, 752, 533, 175, 134, 14,
+          381, 433, 717, 45, 111, 20, 596, 284, 736, 138, 646, 411, 877, 669,
+          141, 919, 45, 780, 407, 164, 332, 899, 165, 726, 600, 325, 498, 655,
+          357, 752, 768, 223, 849, 647, 63, 310, 863, 251, 366, 304, 282, 738,
+          675, 410, 389, 244, 31, 121, 303, 263
+        ].freeze,
+      ].freeze
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/zpl_render/barcode/qr.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "rqrcode_core"
+
+module ZplRender
+  module Barcode
+    # QR Code (ZPL ^BQ) backed by rqrcode_core, which implements the full
+    # ISO/IEC 18004 encoder (mode detection, Reed-Solomon ECC, mask scoring).
+    #
+    # ZPL packs the error-correction level and data-input mode into the
+    # ^FD data as a prefix:
+    #   ^FD<H|Q|M|L><A|M>,data     e.g. ^FDQA,https://example.com
+    # Automatic mode (A) treats everything after the comma as data. Manual
+    # mode (M) prefixes the data with a character-mode indicator
+    # (N / A / Bxxxx / K) which we strip; rqrcode_core re-detects the
+    # optimal mode itself, producing an equivalent, scannable symbol.
+    # If no valid prefix is present the whole field is encoded using the
+    # ECC level from the ^BQ command (newer-firmware behavior).
+    class Qr
+      ECC_LEVELS = { "H" => :h, "Q" => :q, "M" => :m, "L" => :l }.freeze
+
+      Result = Struct.new(:modules, keyword_init: true)
+
+      def self.encode(field_data, default_ecc: "Q")
+        data = field_data.to_s
+        ecc = ECC_LEVELS[default_ecc.to_s.upcase] || :q
+
+        if (m = data.match(/\A([HQML])([AM]),/))
+          ecc = ECC_LEVELS.fetch(m[1])
+          rest = data[m[0].length..] || ""
+          data = m[2] == "M" ? strip_manual_mode(rest) : rest
+        end
+
+        qr = RQRCodeCore::QRCode.new(data, level: ecc)
+        Result.new(modules: qr.modules)
+      end
+
+      def self.strip_manual_mode(rest)
+        case rest[0]
+        when "N", "A", "K" then rest[1..] || ""
+        when "B"
+          # B is followed by a 4-digit byte count
+          rest[5..] || ""
+        else
+          rest
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end