zig_example 0.3.0 → 0.3.1

data/ext/openssl/ossl_ssl.c

@@ -0,0 +1,3142 @@
+/*
+ * 'OpenSSL for Ruby' project
+ * Copyright (C) 2000-2002  GOTOU Yuuzou <gotoyuzo@notwork.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2002  Michal Rokos <m.rokos@sh.cvut.cz>
+ * Copyright (C) 2001-2007  Technorama Ltd. <oss-ruby@technorama.net>
+ * All rights reserved.
+ */
+/*
+ * This program is licensed under the same licence as Ruby.
+ * (See the file 'LICENCE'.)
+ */
+#include "ossl.h"
+
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SOCK
+#define numberof(ary) (int)(sizeof(ary)/sizeof((ary)[0]))
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_NEXTPROTONEG) && !OSSL_IS_LIBRESSL
+# define OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(TLS1_3_VERSION) && \
+    OSSL_LIBRESSL_PREREQ(3, 2, 0) && !OSSL_LIBRESSL_PREREQ(3, 4, 0)
+#  define TLS1_3_VERSION 0x0304
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  define TO_SOCKET(s) _get_osfhandle(s)
+#else
+#  define TO_SOCKET(s) (s)
+#endif
+
+#define GetSSLCTX(obj, ctx) do { \
+	TypedData_Get_Struct((obj), SSL_CTX, &ossl_sslctx_type, (ctx));	\
+} while (0)
+
+VALUE mSSL;
+static VALUE eSSLError;
+VALUE cSSLContext;
+VALUE cSSLSocket;
+
+static VALUE eSSLErrorWaitReadable;
+static VALUE eSSLErrorWaitWritable;
+
+static ID id_call, ID_callback_state, id_tmp_dh_callback,
+	  id_npn_protocols_encoded, id_each;
+static VALUE sym_exception, sym_wait_readable, sym_wait_writable;
+
+static ID id_i_cert_store, id_i_ca_file, id_i_ca_path, id_i_verify_mode,
+	  id_i_verify_depth, id_i_verify_callback, id_i_client_ca,
+	  id_i_renegotiation_cb, id_i_cert, id_i_key, id_i_extra_chain_cert,
+	  id_i_client_cert_cb, id_i_timeout,
+	  id_i_session_id_context, id_i_session_get_cb, id_i_session_new_cb,
+	  id_i_session_remove_cb, id_i_npn_select_cb, id_i_npn_protocols,
+	  id_i_alpn_select_cb, id_i_alpn_protocols, id_i_servername_cb,
+	  id_i_verify_hostname, id_i_keylog_cb;
+static ID id_i_io, id_i_context, id_i_hostname;
+
+static int ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx;
+static int ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx;
+static int ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx;
+
+static void
+ossl_sslctx_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx = ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx));
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_sslctx_free(void *ptr)
+{
+    SSL_CTX_free(ptr);
+}
+
+static const rb_data_type_t ossl_sslctx_type = {
+    "OpenSSL/SSL/CTX",
+    {
+        ossl_sslctx_mark, ossl_sslctx_free,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    long mode = 0 |
+	SSL_MODE_ENABLE_PARTIAL_WRITE |
+	SSL_MODE_ACCEPT_MOVING_WRITE_BUFFER |
+	SSL_MODE_RELEASE_BUFFERS;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    obj = TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_sslctx_type, 0);
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000 || defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
+#else
+    ctx = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_method());
+#endif
+    if (!ctx) {
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_new");
+    }
+    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, mode);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(obj) = ctx;
+    SSL_CTX_set_ex_data(ctx, ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)obj);
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC) && OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000 && \
+    !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+    /* We use SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list() to specify the curve used in ECDH. It
+     * allows to specify multiple curve names and OpenSSL will select
+     * automatically from them. In OpenSSL 1.0.2, the automatic selection has to
+     * be enabled explicitly. OpenSSL 1.1.0 and LibreSSL 2.6.1 removed the knob
+     * and it is always enabled. To uniform the behavior, we enable the
+     * automatic selection also in 1.0.2. Users can still disable ECDH by
+     * removing ECDH cipher suites by SSLContext#ciphers=. */
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto(ctx, 1))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ecdh_auto");
+#endif
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+static int
+parse_proto_version(VALUE str)
+{
+    int i;
+    static const struct {
+	const char *name;
+	int version;
+    } map[] = {
+	{ "SSL2", SSL2_VERSION },
+	{ "SSL3", SSL3_VERSION },
+	{ "TLS1", TLS1_VERSION },
+	{ "TLS1_1", TLS1_1_VERSION },
+	{ "TLS1_2", TLS1_2_VERSION },
+#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION
+	{ "TLS1_3", TLS1_3_VERSION },
+#endif
+    };
+
+    if (NIL_P(str))
+	return 0;
+    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(str))
+	return NUM2INT(str);
+
+    if (SYMBOL_P(str))
+	str = rb_sym2str(str);
+    StringValue(str);
+    for (i = 0; i < numberof(map); i++)
+	if (!strncmp(map[i].name, RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str)))
+	    return map[i].version;
+    rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unrecognized version %+"PRIsVALUE, str);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.set_minmax_proto_version(min, max) -> nil
+ *
+ * Sets the minimum and maximum supported protocol versions. See #min_version=
+ * and #max_version=.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_minmax_proto_version(VALUE self, VALUE min_v, VALUE max_v)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    int min, max;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    min = parse_proto_version(min_v);
+    max = parse_proto_version(max_v);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_MIN_PROTO_VERSION
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version(ctx, min))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_min_proto_version");
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version(ctx, max))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_max_proto_version");
+#else
+    {
+	unsigned long sum = 0, opts = 0;
+	int i;
+	static const struct {
+	    int ver;
+	    unsigned long opts;
+	} options_map[] = {
+	    { SSL2_VERSION, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 },
+	    { SSL3_VERSION, SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 },
+	    { TLS1_VERSION, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1 },
+	    { TLS1_1_VERSION, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1 },
+	    { TLS1_2_VERSION, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2 },
+# if defined(TLS1_3_VERSION)
+	    { TLS1_3_VERSION, SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3 },
+# endif
+	};
+
+	for (i = 0; i < numberof(options_map); i++) {
+	    sum |= options_map[i].opts;
+            if ((min && min > options_map[i].ver) ||
+                (max && max < options_map[i].ver)) {
+		opts |= options_map[i].opts;
+            }
+	}
+	SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, sum);
+	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, opts);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_client_cert_cb(VALUE obj)
+{
+    VALUE ctx_obj, cb, ary, cert, key;
+
+    ctx_obj = rb_attr_get(obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(ctx_obj, id_i_client_cert_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb))
+	return Qnil;
+
+    ary = rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &obj);
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    GetX509CertPtr(cert = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0));
+    GetPrivPKeyPtr(key = rb_ary_entry(ary, 1));
+
+    return rb_ary_new3(2, cert, key);
+}
+
+static int
+ossl_client_cert_cb(SSL *ssl, X509 **x509, EVP_PKEY **pkey)
+{
+    VALUE obj, ret;
+
+    obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    ret = rb_protect(ossl_call_client_cert_cb, obj, NULL);
+    if (NIL_P(ret))
+	return 0;
+
+    *x509 = DupX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ret, 0));
+    *pkey = DupPKeyPtr(RARRAY_AREF(ret, 1));
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
+struct tmp_dh_callback_args {
+    VALUE ssl_obj;
+    ID id;
+    int type;
+    int is_export;
+    int keylength;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback(VALUE arg)
+{
+    struct tmp_dh_callback_args *args = (struct tmp_dh_callback_args *)arg;
+    VALUE cb, dh;
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(args->ssl_obj, args->id, 0);
+    if (NIL_P(cb))
+	return (VALUE)NULL;
+    dh = rb_funcall(cb, id_call, 3, args->ssl_obj, INT2NUM(args->is_export),
+		    INT2NUM(args->keylength));
+    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(dh);
+    if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != args->type)
+	return (VALUE)NULL;
+
+    return (VALUE)pkey;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
+static DH *
+ossl_tmp_dh_callback(SSL *ssl, int is_export, int keylength)
+{
+    VALUE rb_ssl;
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+    struct tmp_dh_callback_args args;
+    int state;
+
+    rb_ssl = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    args.ssl_obj = rb_ssl;
+    args.id = id_tmp_dh_callback;
+    args.is_export = is_export;
+    args.keylength = keylength;
+    args.type = EVP_PKEY_DH;
+
+    pkey = (EVP_PKEY *)rb_protect(ossl_call_tmp_dh_callback,
+				  (VALUE)&args, &state);
+    if (state) {
+	rb_ivar_set(rb_ssl, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+	return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!pkey)
+	return NULL;
+
+    return (DH *)EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(pkey);
+}
+#endif /* OPENSSL_NO_DH */
+
+static VALUE
+call_verify_certificate_identity(VALUE ctx_v)
+{
+    X509_STORE_CTX *ctx = (X509_STORE_CTX *)ctx_v;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    VALUE ssl_obj, hostname, cert_obj;
+
+    ssl = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_CTX_idx());
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    hostname = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_hostname);
+
+    if (!RTEST(hostname)) {
+	rb_warning("verify_hostname requires hostname to be set");
+	return Qtrue;
+    }
+
+    cert_obj = ossl_x509_new(X509_STORE_CTX_get_current_cert(ctx));
+    return rb_funcall(mSSL, rb_intern("verify_certificate_identity"), 2,
+		      cert_obj, hostname);
+}
+
+static int
+ossl_ssl_verify_callback(int preverify_ok, X509_STORE_CTX *ctx)
+{
+    VALUE cb, ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, verify_hostname, ret;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    int status;
+
+    ssl = X509_STORE_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, SSL_get_ex_data_X509_STORE_CTX_idx());
+    cb = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx);
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    verify_hostname = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_verify_hostname);
+
+    if (preverify_ok && RTEST(verify_hostname) && !SSL_is_server(ssl) &&
+	!X509_STORE_CTX_get_error_depth(ctx)) {
+	ret = rb_protect(call_verify_certificate_identity, (VALUE)ctx, &status);
+	if (status) {
+	    rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
+	    return 0;
+	}
+        if (ret != Qtrue) {
+            preverify_ok = 0;
+#if defined(X509_V_ERR_HOSTNAME_MISMATCH)
+            X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_ERR_HOSTNAME_MISMATCH);
+#else
+            X509_STORE_CTX_set_error(ctx, X509_V_ERR_CERT_REJECTED);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ossl_verify_cb_call(cb, preverify_ok, ctx);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_session_get_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, cb;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(ssl_obj, rb_intern("session_get_cb"), 0);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &ary);
+}
+
+static SSL_SESSION *
+#if defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER) || OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10100000
+ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char *buf, int len, int *copy)
+#else
+ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char *buf, int len, int *copy)
+#endif
+{
+    VALUE ary, ssl_obj, ret_obj;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback entered");
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new((const char *)buf, len));
+
+    ret_obj = rb_protect(ossl_call_session_get_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!rb_obj_is_instance_of(ret_obj, cSSLSession))
+        return NULL;
+
+    GetSSLSession(ret_obj, sess);
+    *copy = 1;
+
+    return sess;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_session_new_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, cb;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    cb = rb_funcall(ssl_obj, rb_intern("session_new_cb"), 0);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &ary);
+}
+
+/* return 1 normal.  return 0 removes the session */
+static int
+ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb(SSL *ssl, SSL_SESSION *sess)
+{
+    VALUE ary, ssl_obj, sess_obj;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback entered");
+
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    sess_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSSLSession);
+    SSL_SESSION_up_ref(sess);
+    DATA_PTR(sess_obj) = sess;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, sess_obj);
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_session_new_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * return 0 which means to OpenSSL that the session is still
+     * valid (since we created Ruby Session object) and was not freed by us
+     * with SSL_SESSION_free(). Call SSLContext#remove_session(sess) in
+     * session_get_cb block if you don't want OpenSSL to cache the session
+     * internally.
+     */
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10101000 && !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+/*
+ * It is only compatible with OpenSSL >= 1.1.1. Even if LibreSSL implements
+ * SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback() from v3.4.2, it does nothing (see
+ * https://github.com/libressl-portable/openbsd/commit/648d39f0f035835d0653342d139883b9661e9cb6).
+ */
+
+struct ossl_call_keylog_cb_args {
+    VALUE ssl_obj;
+    const char * line;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_keylog_cb(VALUE args_v)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb, line_v;
+    struct ossl_call_keylog_cb_args *args = (struct ossl_call_keylog_cb_args *) args_v;
+
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(args->ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_keylog_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    line_v = rb_str_new_cstr(args->line);
+
+    return rb_funcall(cb, id_call, 2, args->ssl_obj, line_v);
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_sslctx_keylog_cb(const SSL *ssl, const char *line)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj;
+    struct ossl_call_keylog_cb_args args;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL keylog callback entered");
+
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    args.ssl_obj = ssl_obj;
+    args.line = line;
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_keylog_cb, (VALUE)&args, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_session_remove_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    sslctx_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_session_remove_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    return rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &ary);
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb(SSL_CTX *ctx, SSL_SESSION *sess)
+{
+    VALUE ary, sslctx_obj, sess_obj;
+    int state = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * This callback is also called for all sessions in the internal store
+     * when SSL_CTX_free() is called.
+     */
+    if (rb_during_gc())
+	return;
+
+    OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback entered");
+
+    sslctx_obj = (VALUE)SSL_CTX_get_ex_data(ctx, ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx);
+    sess_obj = rb_obj_alloc(cSSLSession);
+    SSL_SESSION_up_ref(sess);
+    DATA_PTR(sess_obj) = sess;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, sslctx_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, sess_obj);
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_session_remove_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+/*
+  the SSL_CTX is frozen, nowhere to save state.
+  there is no common accessor method to check it either.
+        rb_ivar_set(sslctx_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+*/
+    }
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(i, arg))
+{
+    X509 *x509;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(arg, ctx);
+    x509 = DupX509CertPtr(i);
+    if(!SSL_CTX_add_extra_chain_cert(ctx, x509)){
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    }
+
+    return i;
+}
+
+static VALUE ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self);
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_call_servername_cb(VALUE ary)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, cb, ret_obj;
+
+    Check_Type(ary, T_ARRAY);
+    ssl_obj = rb_ary_entry(ary, 0);
+
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_servername_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return Qnil;
+
+    ret_obj = rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &ary);
+    if (rb_obj_is_kind_of(ret_obj, cSSLContext)) {
+        SSL *ssl;
+        SSL_CTX *ctx2;
+
+        ossl_sslctx_setup(ret_obj);
+        GetSSL(ssl_obj, ssl);
+        GetSSLCTX(ret_obj, ctx2);
+        SSL_set_SSL_CTX(ssl, ctx2);
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, id_i_context, ret_obj);
+    } else if (!NIL_P(ret_obj)) {
+	ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "servername_cb must return an "
+		   "OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext object or nil");
+    }
+
+    return ret_obj;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_servername_cb(SSL *ssl, int *ad, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE ary, ssl_obj;
+    int state = 0;
+    const char *servername = SSL_get_servername(ssl, TLSEXT_NAMETYPE_host_name);
+
+    if (!servername)
+        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(2);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, ssl_obj);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(servername));
+
+    rb_protect(ossl_call_servername_cb, ary, &state);
+    if (state) {
+        rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(state));
+        return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
+    }
+
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+
+static void
+ssl_renegotiation_cb(const SSL *ssl)
+{
+    VALUE ssl_obj, sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+    sslctx_obj = rb_attr_get(ssl_obj, id_i_context);
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_renegotiation_cb);
+    if (NIL_P(cb)) return;
+
+    rb_funcallv(cb, id_call, 1, &ssl_obj);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ssl_npn_encode_protocol_i(RB_BLOCK_CALL_FUNC_ARGLIST(cur, encoded))
+{
+    int len = RSTRING_LENINT(cur);
+    char len_byte;
+    if (len < 1 || len > 255)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Advertised protocol must have length 1..255");
+    /* Encode the length byte */
+    len_byte = len;
+    rb_str_buf_cat(encoded, &len_byte, 1);
+    rb_str_buf_cat(encoded, RSTRING_PTR(cur), len);
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ssl_encode_npn_protocols(VALUE protocols)
+{
+    VALUE encoded = rb_str_new(NULL, 0);
+    rb_block_call(protocols, id_each, 0, 0, ssl_npn_encode_protocol_i, encoded);
+    return encoded;
+}
+
+struct npn_select_cb_common_args {
+    VALUE cb;
+    const unsigned char *in;
+    unsigned inlen;
+};
+
+static VALUE
+npn_select_cb_common_i(VALUE tmp)
+{
+    struct npn_select_cb_common_args *args = (void *)tmp;
+    const unsigned char *in = args->in, *in_end = in + args->inlen;
+    unsigned char l;
+    long len;
+    VALUE selected, protocols = rb_ary_new();
+
+    /* assume OpenSSL verifies this format */
+    /* The format is len_1|proto_1|...|len_n|proto_n */
+    while (in < in_end) {
+	l = *in++;
+	rb_ary_push(protocols, rb_str_new((const char *)in, l));
+	in += l;
+    }
+
+    selected = rb_funcallv(args->cb, id_call, 1, &protocols);
+    StringValue(selected);
+    len = RSTRING_LEN(selected);
+    if (len < 1 || len >= 256) {
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "Selected protocol name must have length 1..255");
+    }
+
+    return selected;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_npn_select_cb_common(SSL *ssl, VALUE cb, const unsigned char **out,
+			 unsigned char *outlen, const unsigned char *in,
+			 unsigned int inlen)
+{
+    VALUE selected;
+    int status;
+    struct npn_select_cb_common_args args;
+
+    args.cb = cb;
+    args.in = in;
+    args.inlen = inlen;
+
+    selected = rb_protect(npn_select_cb_common_i, (VALUE)&args, &status);
+    if (status) {
+	VALUE ssl_obj = (VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx);
+
+	rb_ivar_set(ssl_obj, ID_callback_state, INT2NUM(status));
+	return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_ALERT_FATAL;
+    }
+
+    *out = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(selected);
+    *outlen = (unsigned char)RSTRING_LEN(selected);
+
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
+static int
+ssl_npn_advertise_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned int *outlen,
+		     void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE protocols = rb_attr_get((VALUE)arg, id_npn_protocols_encoded);
+
+    *out = (const unsigned char *) RSTRING_PTR(protocols);
+    *outlen = RSTRING_LENINT(protocols);
+
+    return SSL_TLSEXT_ERR_OK;
+}
+
+static int
+ssl_npn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
+		  const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    sslctx_obj = (VALUE) arg;
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_npn_select_cb);
+
+    return ssl_npn_select_cb_common(ssl, cb, (const unsigned char **)out,
+				    outlen, in, inlen);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+ssl_alpn_select_cb(SSL *ssl, const unsigned char **out, unsigned char *outlen,
+		   const unsigned char *in, unsigned int inlen, void *arg)
+{
+    VALUE sslctx_obj, cb;
+
+    sslctx_obj = (VALUE) arg;
+    cb = rb_attr_get(sslctx_obj, id_i_alpn_select_cb);
+
+    return ssl_npn_select_cb_common(ssl, cb, out, outlen, in, inlen);
+}
+
+/* This function may serve as the entry point to support further callbacks. */
+static void
+ssl_info_cb(const SSL *ssl, int where, int val)
+{
+    int is_server = SSL_is_server((SSL *)ssl);
+
+    if (is_server && where & SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START) {
+	ssl_renegotiation_cb(ssl);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Gets various OpenSSL options.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_options(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    /*
+     * Do explicit cast because SSL_CTX_get_options() returned (signed) long in
+     * OpenSSL before 1.1.0.
+     */
+    return ULONG2NUM((unsigned long)SSL_CTX_get_options(ctx));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sets various OpenSSL options.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_options(VALUE self, VALUE options)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    SSL_CTX_clear_options(ctx, SSL_CTX_get_options(ctx));
+
+    if (NIL_P(options)) {
+	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, SSL_OP_ALL);
+    } else {
+	SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx, NUM2ULONG(options));
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.setup => Qtrue # first time
+ *    ctx.setup => nil # thereafter
+ *
+ * This method is called automatically when a new SSLSocket is created.
+ * However, it is not thread-safe and must be called before creating
+ * SSLSocket objects in a multi-threaded program.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_setup(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    X509 *cert = NULL, *client_ca = NULL;
+    EVP_PKEY *key = NULL;
+    char *ca_path = NULL, *ca_file = NULL;
+    int verify_mode;
+    long i;
+    VALUE val;
+
+    if(OBJ_FROZEN(self)) return Qnil;
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_DH)
+    SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh_callback(ctx, ossl_tmp_dh_callback);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_POST_HANDSHAKE_AUTH
+    SSL_CTX_set_post_handshake_auth(ctx, 1);
+#endif
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_cert_store);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	X509_STORE *store = GetX509StorePtr(val); /* NO NEED TO DUP */
+	SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx, store);
+	X509_STORE_up_ref(store);
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_extra_chain_cert);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)){
+	rb_block_call(val, rb_intern("each"), 0, 0, ossl_sslctx_add_extra_chain_cert_i, self);
+    }
+
+    /* private key may be bundled in certificate file. */
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_cert);
+    cert = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : GetX509CertPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED */
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_key);
+    key = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : GetPrivPKeyPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED */
+    if (cert && key) {
+        if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx, cert)) {
+            /* Adds a ref => Safe to FREE */
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_certificate");
+        }
+        if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx, key)) {
+            /* Adds a ref => Safe to FREE */
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey");
+        }
+        if (!SSL_CTX_check_private_key(ctx)) {
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_check_private_key");
+        }
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_client_ca);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)){
+	if (RB_TYPE_P(val, T_ARRAY)) {
+	    for(i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(val); i++){
+		client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(RARRAY_AREF(val, i));
+        	if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
+		    /* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
+        	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
+        	}
+	    }
+        }
+	else{
+	    client_ca = GetX509CertPtr(val); /* NO DUP NEEDED. */
+            if (!SSL_CTX_add_client_CA(ctx, client_ca)){
+		/* Copies X509_NAME => FREE it. */
+        	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_add_client_CA");
+            }
+	}
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_ca_file);
+    ca_file = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(val);
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_ca_path);
+    ca_path = NIL_P(val) ? NULL : StringValueCStr(val);
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_LOAD_VERIFY_FILE
+    if (ca_file && !SSL_CTX_load_verify_file(ctx, ca_file))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_load_verify_file");
+    if (ca_path && !SSL_CTX_load_verify_dir(ctx, ca_path))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_load_verify_dir");
+#else
+    if(ca_file || ca_path){
+	if (!SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx, ca_file, ca_path))
+	    rb_warning("can't set verify locations");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_verify_mode);
+    verify_mode = NIL_P(val) ? SSL_VERIFY_NONE : NUM2INT(val);
+    SSL_CTX_set_verify(ctx, verify_mode, ossl_ssl_verify_callback);
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_client_cert_cb)))
+	SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(ctx, ossl_client_cert_cb);
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_timeout);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)) SSL_CTX_set_timeout(ctx, NUM2LONG(val));
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_verify_depth);
+    if(!NIL_P(val)) SSL_CTX_set_verify_depth(ctx, NUM2INT(val));
+
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_npn_protocols);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	VALUE encoded = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
+	rb_ivar_set(self, id_npn_protocols_encoded, encoded);
+	SSL_CTX_set_next_protos_advertised_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_advertise_cb, (void *)self);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN advertise callback added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_npn_select_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_set_next_proto_select_cb(ctx, ssl_npn_select_cb, (void *) self);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL NPN select callback added");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_alpn_protocols);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+	VALUE rprotos = ssl_encode_npn_protocols(val);
+
+	/* returns 0 on success */
+	if (SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(rprotos),
+				    RSTRING_LENINT(rprotos)))
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_alpn_protos");
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN values added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_alpn_select_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_set_alpn_select_cb(ctx, ssl_alpn_select_cb, (void *) self);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL ALPN select callback added");
+    }
+
+    rb_obj_freeze(self);
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_id_context);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)){
+	StringValue(val);
+	if (!SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(ctx, (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(val),
+					    RSTRING_LENINT(val))){
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context");
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_get_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_sess_set_get_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_get_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION get callback added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_new_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_sess_set_new_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_new_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION new callback added");
+    }
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_session_remove_cb))) {
+	SSL_CTX_sess_set_remove_cb(ctx, ossl_sslctx_session_remove_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL SESSION remove callback added");
+    }
+
+    val = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_servername_cb);
+    if (!NIL_P(val)) {
+        SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_servername_callback(ctx, ssl_servername_cb);
+	OSSL_Debug("SSL TLSEXT servername callback added");
+    }
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER >= 0x10101000 && !defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
+    /*
+     * It is only compatible with OpenSSL >= 1.1.1. Even if LibreSSL implements
+     * SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback() from v3.4.2, it does nothing (see
+     * https://github.com/libressl-portable/openbsd/commit/648d39f0f035835d0653342d139883b9661e9cb6).
+     */
+    if (RTEST(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_keylog_cb))) {
+        SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback(ctx, ossl_sslctx_keylog_cb);
+        OSSL_Debug("SSL keylog callback added");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(const SSL_CIPHER *cipher)
+{
+    VALUE ary;
+    int bits, alg_bits;
+
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(4);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(SSL_CIPHER_get_name(cipher)));
+    rb_ary_push(ary, rb_str_new2(SSL_CIPHER_get_version(cipher)));
+    bits = SSL_CIPHER_get_bits(cipher, &alg_bits);
+    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(bits));
+    rb_ary_push(ary, INT2NUM(alg_bits));
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ciphers => [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
+ *
+ * The list of cipher suites configured for this context.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    STACK_OF(SSL_CIPHER) *ciphers;
+    const SSL_CIPHER *cipher;
+    VALUE ary;
+    int i, num;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    ciphers = SSL_CTX_get_ciphers(ctx);
+    if (!ciphers)
+        return rb_ary_new();
+
+    num = sk_SSL_CIPHER_num(ciphers);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(num);
+    for(i = 0; i < num; i++){
+        cipher = sk_SSL_CIPHER_value(ciphers, i);
+        rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(cipher));
+    }
+    return ary;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+build_cipher_string(VALUE v)
+{
+    VALUE str, elem;
+    int i;
+
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(v, T_ARRAY)) {
+        str = rb_str_new(0, 0);
+        for (i = 0; i < RARRAY_LEN(v); i++) {
+            elem = rb_ary_entry(v, i);
+            if (RB_TYPE_P(elem, T_ARRAY)) elem = rb_ary_entry(elem, 0);
+            elem = rb_String(elem);
+            rb_str_append(str, elem);
+            if (i < RARRAY_LEN(v)-1) rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
+        }
+    } else {
+        str = v;
+        StringValue(str);
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ciphers = "cipher1:cipher2:..."
+ *    ctx.ciphers = [name, ...]
+ *    ctx.ciphers = [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
+ *
+ * Sets the list of available cipher suites for this context.  Note in a server
+ * context some ciphers require the appropriate certificates.  For example, an
+ * RSA cipher suite can only be chosen when an RSA certificate is available.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers(VALUE self, VALUE v)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    if (NIL_P(v))
+        return v;
+
+    str = build_cipher_string(v);
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(ctx, StringValueCStr(str)))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list");
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CIPHERSUITES
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ciphersuites = "cipher1:cipher2:..."
+ *    ctx.ciphersuites = [name, ...]
+ *    ctx.ciphersuites = [[name, version, bits, alg_bits], ...]
+ *
+ * Sets the list of available TLSv1.3 cipher suites for this context.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites(VALUE self, VALUE v)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    VALUE str;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    if (NIL_P(v))
+        return v;
+
+    str = build_cipher_string(v);
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites(ctx, StringValueCStr(str)))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_ciphersuites");
+
+    return v;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DH
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.tmp_dh = pkey
+ *
+ * Sets DH parameters used for ephemeral DH key exchange. This is relevant for
+ * servers only.
+ *
+ * +pkey+ is an instance of OpenSSL::PKey::DH. Note that key components
+ * contained in the key object, if any, are ignored. The server will always
+ * generate a new key pair for each handshake.
+ *
+ * Added in version 3.0. See also the man page SSL_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(3).
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *   ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+ *   ctx.tmp_dh = OpenSSL::DH.generate(2048)
+ *   svr = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer.new(tcp_svr, ctx)
+ *   Thread.new { svr.accept }
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_tmp_dh(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    pkey = GetPKeyPtr(arg);
+
+    if (EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey) != EVP_PKEY_DH)
+        rb_raise(eSSLError, "invalid pkey type %s (expected DH)",
+                 OBJ_nid2sn(EVP_PKEY_base_id(pkey)));
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_SET0_TMP_DH_PKEY
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set0_tmp_dh_pkey(ctx, pkey))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set0_tmp_dh_pkey");
+    EVP_PKEY_up_ref(pkey);
+#else
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh(ctx, EVP_PKEY_get0_DH(pkey)))
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set_tmp_dh");
+#endif
+
+    return arg;
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_EC)
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.ecdh_curves = curve_list -> curve_list
+ *
+ * Sets the list of "supported elliptic curves" for this context.
+ *
+ * For a TLS client, the list is directly used in the Supported Elliptic Curves
+ * Extension. For a server, the list is used by OpenSSL to determine the set of
+ * shared curves. OpenSSL will pick the most appropriate one from it.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ *   ctx1 = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+ *   ctx1.ecdh_curves = "X25519:P-256:P-224"
+ *   svr = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer.new(tcp_svr, ctx1)
+ *   Thread.new { svr.accept }
+ *
+ *   ctx2 = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new
+ *   ctx2.ecdh_curves = "P-256"
+ *   cli = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(tcp_sock, ctx2)
+ *   cli.connect
+ *
+ *   p cli.tmp_key.group.curve_name
+ *   # => "prime256v1" (is an alias for NIST P-256)
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    StringValueCStr(arg);
+
+    if (!SSL_CTX_set1_curves_list(ctx, RSTRING_PTR(arg)))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    return arg;
+}
+#else
+#define ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves rb_f_notimplement
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.security_level -> Integer
+ *
+ * Returns the security level for the context.
+ *
+ * See also OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext#security_level=.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_security_level(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_GET_SECURITY_LEVEL)
+    return INT2NUM(SSL_CTX_get_security_level(ctx));
+#else
+    (void)ctx;
+    return INT2FIX(0);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.security_level = integer
+ *
+ * Sets the security level for the context. OpenSSL limits parameters according
+ * to the level. The "parameters" include: ciphersuites, curves, key sizes,
+ * certificate signature algorithms, protocol version and so on. For example,
+ * level 1 rejects parameters offering below 80 bits of security, such as
+ * ciphersuites using MD5 for the MAC or RSA keys shorter than 1024 bits.
+ *
+ * Note that attempts to set such parameters with insufficient security are
+ * also blocked. You need to lower the level first.
+ *
+ * This feature is not supported in OpenSSL < 1.1.0, and setting the level to
+ * other than 0 will raise NotImplementedError. Level 0 means everything is
+ * permitted, the same behavior as previous versions of OpenSSL.
+ *
+ * See the manpage of SSL_CTX_set_security_level(3) for details.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_security_level(VALUE self, VALUE value)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+#if defined(HAVE_SSL_CTX_GET_SECURITY_LEVEL)
+    SSL_CTX_set_security_level(ctx, NUM2INT(value));
+#else
+    (void)ctx;
+    if (NUM2INT(value) != 0)
+	ossl_raise(rb_eNotImpError, "setting security level to other than 0 is "
+		   "not supported in this version of OpenSSL");
+#endif
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+#ifdef SSL_MODE_SEND_FALLBACK_SCSV
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.enable_fallback_scsv() => nil
+ *
+ * Activate TLS_FALLBACK_SCSV for this context.
+ * See RFC 7507.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_enable_fallback_scsv(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    SSL_CTX_set_mode(ctx, SSL_MODE_SEND_FALLBACK_SCSV);
+
+    return Qnil;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ctx.add_certificate(certificate, pkey [, extra_certs]) -> self
+ *
+ * Adds a certificate to the context. _pkey_ must be a corresponding private
+ * key with _certificate_.
+ *
+ * Multiple certificates with different public key type can be added by
+ * repeated calls of this method, and OpenSSL will choose the most appropriate
+ * certificate during the handshake.
+ *
+ * #cert=, #key=, and #extra_chain_cert= are old accessor methods for setting
+ * certificate and internally call this method.
+ *
+ * === Parameters
+ * _certificate_::
+ *   A certificate. An instance of OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.
+ * _pkey_::
+ *   The private key for _certificate_. An instance of OpenSSL::PKey::PKey.
+ * _extra_certs_::
+ *   Optional. An array of OpenSSL::X509::Certificate. When sending a
+ *   certificate chain, the certificates specified by this are sent following
+ *   _certificate_, in the order in the array.
+ *
+ * === Example
+ *   rsa_cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(...)
+ *   rsa_pkey = OpenSSL::PKey.read(...)
+ *   ca_intermediate_cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(...)
+ *   ctx.add_certificate(rsa_cert, rsa_pkey, [ca_intermediate_cert])
+ *
+ *   ecdsa_cert = ...
+ *   ecdsa_pkey = ...
+ *   another_ca_cert = ...
+ *   ctx.add_certificate(ecdsa_cert, ecdsa_pkey, [another_ca_cert])
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_add_certificate(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE cert, key, extra_chain_ary;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    X509 *x509;
+    STACK_OF(X509) *extra_chain = NULL;
+    EVP_PKEY *pkey, *pub_pkey;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &cert, &key, &extra_chain_ary);
+    rb_check_frozen(self);
+    x509 = GetX509CertPtr(cert);
+    pkey = GetPrivPKeyPtr(key);
+
+    /*
+     * The reference counter is bumped, and decremented immediately.
+     * X509_get0_pubkey() is only available in OpenSSL >= 1.1.0.
+     */
+    pub_pkey = X509_get_pubkey(x509);
+    EVP_PKEY_free(pub_pkey);
+    if (!pub_pkey)
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "certificate does not contain public key");
+    if (EVP_PKEY_eq(pub_pkey, pkey) != 1)
+	rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "public key mismatch");
+
+    if (argc >= 3)
+	extra_chain = ossl_x509_ary2sk(extra_chain_ary);
+
+    if (!SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx, x509)) {
+	sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_certificate");
+    }
+    if (!SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx, pkey)) {
+	sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey");
+    }
+    if (extra_chain && !SSL_CTX_set0_chain(ctx, extra_chain)) {
+        sk_X509_pop_free(extra_chain, X509_free);
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_CTX_set0_chain");
+    }
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_add(session) -> true | false
+ *
+ * Adds _session_ to the session cache.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_session_add(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    GetSSLSession(arg, sess);
+
+    return SSL_CTX_add_session(ctx, sess) == 1 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_remove(session) -> true | false
+ *
+ * Removes _session_ from the session cache.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_session_remove(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+    GetSSLSession(arg, sess);
+
+    return SSL_CTX_remove_session(ctx, sess) == 1 ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_mode -> Integer
+ *
+ * The current session cache mode.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_mode(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_get_session_cache_mode(ctx));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_mode=(integer) -> Integer
+ *
+ * Sets the SSL session cache mode.  Bitwise-or together the desired
+ * SESSION_CACHE_* constants to set.  See SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(3) for
+ * details.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_mode(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    SSL_CTX_set_session_cache_mode(ctx, NUM2LONG(arg));
+
+    return arg;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_size -> Integer
+ *
+ * Returns the current session cache size.  Zero is used to represent an
+ * unlimited cache size.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_size(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    return LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_get_cache_size(ctx));
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_size=(integer) -> Integer
+ *
+ * Sets the session cache size.  Returns the previously valid session cache
+ * size.  Zero is used to represent an unlimited session cache size.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_size(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    SSL_CTX_sess_set_cache_size(ctx, NUM2LONG(arg));
+
+    return arg;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.session_cache_stats -> Hash
+ *
+ * Returns a Hash containing the following keys:
+ *
+ * :accept:: Number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in server mode
+ * :accept_good:: Number of established SSL/TLS sessions in server mode
+ * :accept_renegotiate:: Number of start renegotiations in server mode
+ * :cache_full:: Number of sessions that were removed due to cache overflow
+ * :cache_hits:: Number of successfully reused connections
+ * :cache_misses:: Number of sessions proposed by clients that were not found
+ *                 in the cache
+ * :cache_num:: Number of sessions in the internal session cache
+ * :cb_hits:: Number of sessions retrieved from the external cache in server
+ *            mode
+ * :connect:: Number of started SSL/TLS handshakes in client mode
+ * :connect_good:: Number of established SSL/TLS sessions in client mode
+ * :connect_renegotiate:: Number of start renegotiations in client mode
+ * :timeouts:: Number of sessions proposed by clients that were found in the
+ *             cache but had expired due to timeouts
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_stats(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    VALUE hash;
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    hash = rb_hash_new();
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_num")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_number(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect_good")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect_good(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("connect_renegotiate")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_connect_renegotiate(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept_good")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept_good(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("accept_renegotiate")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_accept_renegotiate(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_hits")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_hits(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cb_hits")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_cb_hits(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_misses")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_misses(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("cache_full")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_cache_full(ctx)));
+    rb_hash_aset(hash, ID2SYM(rb_intern("timeouts")), LONG2NUM(SSL_CTX_sess_timeouts(ctx)));
+
+    return hash;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ *  call-seq:
+ *     ctx.flush_sessions(time) -> self
+ *
+ * Removes sessions in the internal cache that have expired at _time_.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_sslctx_flush_sessions(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE arg1;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+    time_t tm = 0;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &arg1);
+
+    GetSSLCTX(self, ctx);
+
+    if (NIL_P(arg1)) {
+        tm = time(0);
+    } else if (rb_obj_is_instance_of(arg1, rb_cTime)) {
+        tm = NUM2LONG(rb_funcall(arg1, rb_intern("to_i"), 0));
+    } else {
+        ossl_raise(rb_eArgError, "arg must be Time or nil");
+    }
+
+    SSL_CTX_flush_sessions(ctx, (long)tm);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * SSLSocket class
+ */
+static inline int
+ssl_started(SSL *ssl)
+{
+    /* BIO is created through ossl_ssl_setup(), called by #connect or #accept */
+    return SSL_get_rbio(ssl) != NULL;
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_ssl_mark(void *ptr)
+{
+    SSL *ssl = ptr;
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx));
+    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)SSL_get_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx));
+}
+
+static void
+ossl_ssl_free(void *ssl)
+{
+    SSL_free(ssl);
+}
+
+const rb_data_type_t ossl_ssl_type = {
+    "OpenSSL/SSL",
+    {
+        ossl_ssl_mark, ossl_ssl_free,
+    },
+    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY,
+};
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
+{
+    return TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass, &ossl_ssl_type, NULL);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+peer_ip_address(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE remote_address = rb_funcall(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io), rb_intern("remote_address"), 0);
+
+    return rb_funcall(remote_address, rb_intern("inspect_sockaddr"), 0);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+fallback_peer_ip_address(VALUE self, VALUE args)
+{
+    return rb_str_new_cstr("(null)");
+}
+
+static VALUE
+peeraddr_ip_str(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE rb_mErrno = rb_const_get(rb_cObject, rb_intern("Errno"));
+    VALUE rb_eSystemCallError = rb_const_get(rb_mErrno, rb_intern("SystemCallError"));
+
+    return rb_rescue2(peer_ip_address, self, fallback_peer_ip_address, (VALUE)0, rb_eSystemCallError, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    SSLSocket.new(io) => aSSLSocket
+ *    SSLSocket.new(io, ctx) => aSSLSocket
+ *
+ * Creates a new SSL socket from _io_ which must be a real IO object (not an
+ * IO-like object that responds to read/write).
+ *
+ * If _ctx_ is provided the SSL Sockets initial params will be taken from
+ * the context.
+ *
+ * The OpenSSL::Buffering module provides additional IO methods.
+ *
+ * This method will freeze the SSLContext if one is provided;
+ * however, session management is still allowed in the frozen SSLContext.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE io, v_ctx, verify_cb;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    SSL_CTX *ctx;
+
+    TypedData_Get_Struct(self, SSL, &ossl_ssl_type, ssl);
+    if (ssl)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL already initialized");
+
+    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &io, &v_ctx) == 1)
+	v_ctx = rb_funcall(cSSLContext, rb_intern("new"), 0);
+
+    GetSSLCTX(v_ctx, ctx);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_context, v_ctx);
+    ossl_sslctx_setup(v_ctx);
+
+    if (rb_respond_to(io, rb_intern("nonblock=")))
+	rb_funcall(io, rb_intern("nonblock="), 1, Qtrue);
+    Check_Type(io, T_FILE);
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_io, io);
+
+    ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+    if (!ssl)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+    RTYPEDDATA_DATA(self) = ssl;
+
+    SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx, (void *)self);
+    SSL_set_info_callback(ssl, ssl_info_cb);
+    verify_cb = rb_attr_get(v_ctx, id_i_verify_callback);
+    SSL_set_ex_data(ssl, ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx, (void *)verify_cb);
+
+    rb_call_super(0, NULL);
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_setup(VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE io;
+    SSL *ssl;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (ssl_started(ssl))
+	return Qtrue;
+
+    io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+    rb_io_check_readable(fptr);
+    rb_io_check_writable(fptr);
+    if (!SSL_set_fd(ssl, TO_SOCKET(fptr->fd)))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_fd");
+
+    return Qtrue;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) (errno = rb_w32_map_errno(WSAGetLastError()), SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret)))
+#else
+#define ssl_get_error(ssl, ret) SSL_get_error((ssl), (ret))
+#endif
+
+static void
+write_would_block(int nonblock)
+{
+    if (nonblock)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLErrorWaitWritable, "write would block");
+}
+
+static void
+read_would_block(int nonblock)
+{
+    if (nonblock)
+	ossl_raise(eSSLErrorWaitReadable, "read would block");
+}
+
+static int
+no_exception_p(VALUE opts)
+{
+    if (RB_TYPE_P(opts, T_HASH) &&
+          rb_hash_lookup2(opts, sym_exception, Qundef) == Qfalse)
+	return 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Provided by Ruby 3.2.0 and later in order to support the default IO#timeout.
+#ifndef RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT
+#define RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT Qnil
+#endif
+
+static void
+io_wait_writable(rb_io_t *fptr)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_MAYBE_WAIT
+    rb_io_maybe_wait_writable(errno, fptr->self, RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT);
+#else
+    rb_io_wait_writable(fptr->fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void
+io_wait_readable(rb_io_t *fptr)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_RB_IO_MAYBE_WAIT
+    rb_io_maybe_wait_readable(errno, fptr->self, RUBY_IO_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT);
+#else
+    rb_io_wait_readable(fptr->fd);
+#endif
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_start_ssl(VALUE self, int (*func)(SSL *), const char *funcname, VALUE opts)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int ret, ret2;
+    VALUE cb_state;
+    int nonblock = opts != Qfalse;
+#if defined(SSL_R_CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED)
+    unsigned long err;
+#endif
+
+    rb_ivar_set(self, ID_callback_state, Qnil);
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    GetOpenFile(rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io), fptr);
+    for(;;){
+	ret = func(ssl);
+
+	cb_state = rb_attr_get(self, ID_callback_state);
+        if (!NIL_P(cb_state)) {
+	    /* must cleanup OpenSSL error stack before re-raising */
+	    ossl_clear_error();
+	    rb_jump_tag(NUM2INT(cb_state));
+	}
+
+	if (ret > 0)
+	    break;
+
+	switch((ret2 = ssl_get_error(ssl, ret))){
+	case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
+            write_would_block(nonblock);
+            io_wait_writable(fptr);
+            continue;
+	case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_readable; }
+            read_would_block(nonblock);
+            io_wait_readable(fptr);
+            continue;
+	case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+            /* See ossl_ssl_write_internal() */
+            if (errno == EPROTOTYPE)
+                continue;
+#endif
+	    if (errno) rb_sys_fail(funcname);
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s SYSCALL returned=%d errno=%d peeraddr=%"PRIsVALUE" state=%s",
+                funcname, ret2, errno, peeraddr_ip_str(self), SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+
+#if defined(SSL_R_CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED)
+	case SSL_ERROR_SSL:
+	    err = ERR_peek_last_error();
+	    if (ERR_GET_LIB(err) == ERR_LIB_SSL &&
+		ERR_GET_REASON(err) == SSL_R_CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED) {
+		const char *err_msg = ERR_reason_error_string(err),
+		      *verify_msg = X509_verify_cert_error_string(SSL_get_verify_result(ssl));
+		if (!err_msg)
+		    err_msg = "(null)";
+		if (!verify_msg)
+		    verify_msg = "(null)";
+		ossl_clear_error(); /* let ossl_raise() not append message */
+		ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s returned=%d errno=%d peeraddr=%"PRIsVALUE" state=%s: %s (%s)",
+			   funcname, ret2, errno, peeraddr_ip_str(self), SSL_state_string_long(ssl),
+			   err_msg, verify_msg);
+	    }
+#endif
+	    /* fallthrough */
+	default:
+	    ossl_raise(eSSLError, "%s returned=%d errno=%d peeraddr=%"PRIsVALUE" state=%s",
+                funcname, ret2, errno, peeraddr_ip_str(self), SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+	}
+    }
+
+    return self;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.connect => self
+ *
+ * Initiates an SSL/TLS handshake with a server.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_connect(VALUE self)
+{
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_connect, "SSL_connect", Qfalse);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.connect_nonblock([options]) => self
+ *
+ * Initiates the SSL/TLS handshake as a client in non-blocking manner.
+ *
+ *   # emulates blocking connect
+ *   begin
+ *     ssl.connect_nonblock
+ *   rescue IO::WaitReadable
+ *     IO.select([s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   rescue IO::WaitWritable
+ *     IO.select(nil, [s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   end
+ *
+ * By specifying a keyword argument _exception_ to +false+, you can indicate
+ * that connect_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable or
+ * IO::WaitWritable exception, but return the symbol +:wait_readable+ or
+ * +:wait_writable+ instead.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE opts;
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &opts);
+
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_connect, "SSL_connect", opts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.accept => self
+ *
+ * Waits for a SSL/TLS client to initiate a handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_accept(VALUE self)
+{
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_accept, "SSL_accept", Qfalse);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.accept_nonblock([options]) => self
+ *
+ * Initiates the SSL/TLS handshake as a server in non-blocking manner.
+ *
+ *   # emulates blocking accept
+ *   begin
+ *     ssl.accept_nonblock
+ *   rescue IO::WaitReadable
+ *     IO.select([s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   rescue IO::WaitWritable
+ *     IO.select(nil, [s2])
+ *     retry
+ *   end
+ *
+ * By specifying a keyword argument _exception_ to +false+, you can indicate
+ * that accept_nonblock should not raise an IO::WaitReadable or
+ * IO::WaitWritable exception, but return the symbol +:wait_readable+ or
+ * +:wait_writable+ instead.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE opts;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "0:", &opts);
+    ossl_ssl_setup(self);
+
+    return ossl_start_ssl(self, SSL_accept, "SSL_accept", opts);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_read_internal(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self, int nonblock)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    int ilen;
+    VALUE len, str;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    VALUE io, opts = Qnil;
+
+    if (nonblock) {
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &len, &str, &opts);
+    } else {
+	rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &len, &str);
+    }
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!ssl_started(ssl))
+        rb_raise(eSSLError, "SSL session is not started yet");
+
+    ilen = NUM2INT(len);
+    if (NIL_P(str))
+	str = rb_str_new(0, ilen);
+    else {
+	StringValue(str);
+	if (RSTRING_LEN(str) >= ilen)
+	    rb_str_modify(str);
+	else
+	    rb_str_modify_expand(str, ilen - RSTRING_LEN(str));
+    }
+    rb_str_set_len(str, 0);
+    if (ilen == 0)
+	return str;
+
+    io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+
+    rb_str_locktmp(str);
+    for (;;) {
+        int nread = SSL_read(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(str), ilen);
+        switch (ssl_get_error(ssl, nread)) {
+          case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+            rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
+            rb_str_set_len(str, nread);
+            return str;
+          case SSL_ERROR_ZERO_RETURN:
+            rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return Qnil; }
+            rb_eof_error();
+          case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+            if (nonblock) {
+                rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
+                if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
+                write_would_block(nonblock);
+            }
+            io_wait_writable(fptr);
+            continue;
+          case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+            if (nonblock) {
+                rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
+                if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_readable; }
+                read_would_block(nonblock);
+            }
+            io_wait_readable(fptr);
+            continue;
+          case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+            if (!ERR_peek_error()) {
+                rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
+                if (errno)
+                    rb_sys_fail(0);
+                else {
+                    /*
+                     * The underlying BIO returned 0. This is actually a
+                     * protocol error. But unfortunately, not all
+                     * implementations cleanly shutdown the TLS connection
+                     * but just shutdown/close the TCP connection. So report
+                     * EOF for now...
+                     */
+                    if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return Qnil; }
+                    rb_eof_error();
+                }
+            }
+            /* fall through */
+          default:
+            rb_str_unlocktmp(str);
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_read");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.sysread(length) => string
+ *    ssl.sysread(length, buffer) => buffer
+ *
+ * Reads _length_ bytes from the SSL connection.  If a pre-allocated _buffer_
+ * is provided the data will be written into it.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_read(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    return ossl_ssl_read_internal(argc, argv, self, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.sysread_nonblock(length) => string
+ *    ssl.sysread_nonblock(length, buffer) => buffer
+ *    ssl.sysread_nonblock(length[, buffer [, opts]) => buffer
+ *
+ * A non-blocking version of #sysread.  Raises an SSLError if reading would
+ * block.  If "exception: false" is passed, this method returns a symbol of
+ * :wait_readable, :wait_writable, or nil, rather than raising an exception.
+ *
+ * Reads _length_ bytes from the SSL connection.  If a pre-allocated _buffer_
+ * is provided the data will be written into it.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_read_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    return ossl_ssl_read_internal(argc, argv, self, 1);
+}
+
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_write_internal(VALUE self, VALUE str, VALUE opts)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    rb_io_t *fptr;
+    int num, nonblock = opts != Qfalse;
+    VALUE tmp, io;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!ssl_started(ssl))
+        rb_raise(eSSLError, "SSL session is not started yet");
+
+    tmp = rb_str_new_frozen(StringValue(str));
+    io = rb_attr_get(self, id_i_io);
+    GetOpenFile(io, fptr);
+
+    /* SSL_write(3ssl) manpage states num == 0 is undefined */
+    num = RSTRING_LENINT(tmp);
+    if (num == 0)
+        return INT2FIX(0);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        int nwritten = SSL_write(ssl, RSTRING_PTR(tmp), num);
+        switch (ssl_get_error(ssl, nwritten)) {
+          case SSL_ERROR_NONE:
+            return INT2NUM(nwritten);
+          case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_writable; }
+            write_would_block(nonblock);
+            io_wait_writable(fptr);
+            continue;
+          case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+            if (no_exception_p(opts)) { return sym_wait_readable; }
+            read_would_block(nonblock);
+            io_wait_readable(fptr);
+            continue;
+          case SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL:
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+            /*
+             * It appears that send syscall can return EPROTOTYPE if the
+             * socket is being torn down. Retry to get a proper errno to
+             * make the error handling in line with the socket library.
+             * [Bug #14713] https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/14713
+             */
+            if (errno == EPROTOTYPE)
+                continue;
+#endif
+            if (errno) rb_sys_fail(0);
+            /* fallthrough */
+          default:
+            ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_write");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.syswrite(string) => Integer
+ *
+ * Writes _string_ to the SSL connection.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_write(VALUE self, VALUE str)
+{
+    return ossl_ssl_write_internal(self, str, Qfalse);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.syswrite_nonblock(string) => Integer
+ *
+ * Writes _string_ to the SSL connection in a non-blocking manner.  Raises an
+ * SSLError if writing would block.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_write_nonblock(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    VALUE str, opts;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &str, &opts);
+
+    return ossl_ssl_write_internal(self, str, opts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.stop => nil
+ *
+ * Sends "close notify" to the peer and tries to shut down the SSL connection
+ * gracefully.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_stop(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    int ret;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!ssl_started(ssl))
+	return Qnil;
+    ret = SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+    if (ret == 1) /* Have already received close_notify */
+	return Qnil;
+    if (ret == 0) /* Sent close_notify, but we don't wait for reply */
+	return Qnil;
+
+    /*
+     * XXX: Something happened. Possibly it failed because the underlying socket
+     * is not writable/readable, since it is in non-blocking mode. We should do
+     * some proper error handling using SSL_get_error() and maybe retry, but we
+     * can't block here. Give up for now.
+     */
+    ossl_clear_error();
+    return Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.cert => cert or nil
+ *
+ * The X509 certificate for this socket endpoint.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_cert(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    X509 *cert = NULL;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    /*
+     * Is this OpenSSL bug? Should add a ref?
+     * TODO: Ask for.
+     */
+    cert = SSL_get_certificate(ssl); /* NO DUPs => DON'T FREE. */
+
+    if (!cert) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    return ossl_x509_new(cert);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.peer_cert => cert or nil
+ *
+ * The X509 certificate for this socket's peer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    X509 *cert = NULL;
+    VALUE obj;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl); /* Adds a ref => Safe to FREE. */
+
+    if (!cert) {
+        return Qnil;
+    }
+    obj = ossl_x509_new(cert);
+    X509_free(cert);
+
+    return obj;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.peer_cert_chain => [cert, ...] or nil
+ *
+ * The X509 certificate chain for this socket's peer.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    STACK_OF(X509) *chain;
+    X509 *cert;
+    VALUE ary;
+    int i, num;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    chain = SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(ssl);
+    if(!chain) return Qnil;
+    num = sk_X509_num(chain);
+    ary = rb_ary_new2(num);
+    for (i = 0; i < num; i++){
+	cert = sk_X509_value(chain, i);
+	rb_ary_push(ary, ossl_x509_new(cert));
+    }
+
+    return ary;
+}
+
+/*
+* call-seq:
+*    ssl.ssl_version => String
+*
+* Returns a String representing the SSL/TLS version that was negotiated
+* for the connection, for example "TLSv1.2".
+*/
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_version(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return rb_str_new2(SSL_get_version(ssl));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.cipher -> nil or [name, version, bits, alg_bits]
+ *
+ * Returns the cipher suite actually used in the current session, or nil if
+ * no session has been established.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_cipher(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const SSL_CIPHER *cipher;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    cipher = SSL_get_current_cipher(ssl);
+    return cipher ? ossl_ssl_cipher_to_ary(cipher) : Qnil;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.state => string
+ *
+ * A description of the current connection state. This is for diagnostic
+ * purposes only.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_state(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    VALUE ret;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    ret = rb_str_new2(SSL_state_string(ssl));
+    if (ruby_verbose) {
+        rb_str_cat2(ret, ": ");
+        rb_str_cat2(ret, SSL_state_string_long(ssl));
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.pending => Integer
+ *
+ * The number of bytes that are immediately available for reading.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_pending(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return INT2NUM(SSL_pending(ssl));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.session_reused? -> true | false
+ *
+ * Returns +true+ if a reused session was negotiated during the handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_session_reused(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return SSL_session_reused(ssl) ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.session = session -> session
+ *
+ * Sets the Session to be used when the connection is established.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_set_session(VALUE self, VALUE arg1)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    SSL_SESSION *sess;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    GetSSLSession(arg1, sess);
+
+    if (SSL_set_session(ssl, sess) != 1)
+        ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_set_session");
+
+    return arg1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.hostname = hostname -> hostname
+ *
+ * Sets the server hostname used for SNI. This needs to be set before
+ * SSLSocket#connect.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_set_hostname(VALUE self, VALUE arg)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    char *hostname = NULL;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    if (!NIL_P(arg))
+	hostname = StringValueCStr(arg);
+
+    if (!SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, hostname))
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, NULL);
+
+    /* for SSLSocket#hostname */
+    rb_ivar_set(self, id_i_hostname, arg);
+
+    return arg;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.verify_result => Integer
+ *
+ * Returns the result of the peer certificates verification.  See verify(1)
+ * for error values and descriptions.
+ *
+ * If no peer certificate was presented X509_V_OK is returned.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_verify_result(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    return LONG2NUM(SSL_get_verify_result(ssl));
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.finished_message => "finished message"
+ *
+ * Returns the last *Finished* message sent
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_finished(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    char sizer[1], *buf;
+    size_t len;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    len = SSL_get_finished(ssl, sizer, 0);
+    if (len == 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    buf = ALLOCA_N(char, len);
+    SSL_get_finished(ssl, buf, len);
+    return rb_str_new(buf, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.peer_finished_message => "peer finished message"
+ *
+ * Returns the last *Finished* message received
+ *
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_peer_finished(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    char sizer[1], *buf;
+    size_t len;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    len = SSL_get_peer_finished(ssl, sizer, 0);
+    if (len == 0)
+        return Qnil;
+
+    buf = ALLOCA_N(char, len);
+    SSL_get_peer_finished(ssl, buf, len);
+    return rb_str_new(buf, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.client_ca => [x509name, ...]
+ *
+ * Returns the list of client CAs. Please note that in contrast to
+ * SSLContext#client_ca= no array of X509::Certificate is returned but
+ * X509::Name instances of the CA's subject distinguished name.
+ *
+ * In server mode, returns the list set by SSLContext#client_ca=.
+ * In client mode, returns the list of client CAs sent from the server.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_get_client_ca_list(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    STACK_OF(X509_NAME) *ca;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    ca = SSL_get_client_CA_list(ssl);
+    return ossl_x509name_sk2ary(ca);
+}
+
+# ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.npn_protocol => String | nil
+ *
+ * Returns the protocol string that was finally selected by the client
+ * during the handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_npn_protocol(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const unsigned char *out;
+    unsigned int outlen;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    SSL_get0_next_proto_negotiated(ssl, &out, &outlen);
+    if (!outlen)
+	return Qnil;
+    else
+	return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
+}
+# endif
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.alpn_protocol => String | nil
+ *
+ * Returns the ALPN protocol string that was finally selected by the server
+ * during the handshake.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    const unsigned char *out;
+    unsigned int outlen;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    SSL_get0_alpn_selected(ssl, &out, &outlen);
+    if (!outlen)
+	return Qnil;
+    else
+	return rb_str_new((const char *) out, outlen);
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    session.export_keying_material(label, length) -> String
+ *
+ * Enables use of shared session key material in accordance with RFC 5705.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_export_keying_material(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    VALUE str;
+    VALUE label;
+    VALUE length;
+    VALUE context;
+    unsigned char *p;
+    size_t len;
+    int use_ctx = 0;
+    unsigned char *ctx = NULL;
+    size_t ctx_len = 0;
+    int ret;
+
+    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &label, &length, &context);
+    StringValue(label);
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+
+    len = (size_t)NUM2LONG(length);
+    str = rb_str_new(0, len);
+    p = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(str);
+    if (!NIL_P(context)) {
+	use_ctx = 1;
+	StringValue(context);
+	ctx = (unsigned char *)RSTRING_PTR(context);
+	ctx_len = RSTRING_LEN(context);
+    }
+    ret = SSL_export_keying_material(ssl, p, len, (char *)RSTRING_PTR(label),
+				     RSTRING_LENINT(label), ctx, ctx_len, use_ctx);
+    if (ret == 0 || ret == -1) {
+	ossl_raise(eSSLError, "SSL_export_keying_material");
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+/*
+ * call-seq:
+ *    ssl.tmp_key => PKey or nil
+ *
+ * Returns the ephemeral key used in case of forward secrecy cipher.
+ */
+static VALUE
+ossl_ssl_tmp_key(VALUE self)
+{
+    SSL *ssl;
+    EVP_PKEY *key;
+
+    GetSSL(self, ssl);
+    if (!SSL_get_server_tmp_key(ssl, &key))
+	return Qnil;
+    return ossl_pkey_new(key);
+}
+#endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
+
+void
+Init_ossl_ssl(void)
+{
+#if 0
+    mOSSL = rb_define_module("OpenSSL");
+    eOSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mOSSL, "OpenSSLError", rb_eStandardError);
+    rb_mWaitReadable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "WaitReadable");
+    rb_mWaitWritable = rb_define_module_under(rb_cIO, "WaitWritable");
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_SOCK
+    id_call = rb_intern_const("call");
+    ID_callback_state = rb_intern_const("callback_state");
+
+    ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx", 0, 0, 0);
+    if (ossl_ssl_ex_vcb_idx < 0)
+	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_get_ex_new_index");
+    ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx = SSL_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx", 0, 0, 0);
+    if (ossl_ssl_ex_ptr_idx < 0)
+	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_get_ex_new_index");
+    ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx = SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index(0, (void *)"ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx", 0, 0, 0);
+    if (ossl_sslctx_ex_ptr_idx < 0)
+	ossl_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "SSL_CTX_get_ex_new_index");
+
+    /* Document-module: OpenSSL::SSL
+     *
+     * Use SSLContext to set up the parameters for a TLS (former SSL)
+     * connection. Both client and server TLS connections are supported,
+     * SSLSocket and SSLServer may be used in conjunction with an instance
+     * of SSLContext to set up connections.
+     */
+    mSSL = rb_define_module_under(mOSSL, "SSL");
+
+    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLError
+     *
+     * Generic error class raised by SSLSocket and SSLContext.
+     */
+    eSSLError = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLError", eOSSLError);
+    eSSLErrorWaitReadable = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLErrorWaitReadable", eSSLError);
+    rb_include_module(eSSLErrorWaitReadable, rb_mWaitReadable);
+    eSSLErrorWaitWritable = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLErrorWaitWritable", eSSLError);
+    rb_include_module(eSSLErrorWaitWritable, rb_mWaitWritable);
+
+    Init_ossl_ssl_session();
+
+    /* Document-class: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext
+     *
+     * An SSLContext is used to set various options regarding certificates,
+     * algorithms, verification, session caching, etc.  The SSLContext is
+     * used to create an SSLSocket.
+     *
+     * All attributes must be set before creating an SSLSocket as the
+     * SSLContext will be frozen afterward.
+     */
+    cSSLContext = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLContext", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLContext, ossl_sslctx_s_alloc);
+    rb_undef_method(cSSLContext, "initialize_copy");
+
+    /*
+     * Context certificate
+     *
+     * The _cert_, _key_, and _extra_chain_cert_ attributes are deprecated.
+     * It is recommended to use #add_certificate instead.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("cert"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Context private key
+     *
+     * The _cert_, _key_, and _extra_chain_cert_ attributes are deprecated.
+     * It is recommended to use #add_certificate instead.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("key"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A certificate or Array of certificates that will be sent to the client.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("client_ca"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * The path to a file containing a PEM-format CA certificate
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("ca_file"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * The path to a directory containing CA certificates in PEM format.
+     *
+     * Files are looked up by subject's X509 name's hash value.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("ca_path"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Maximum session lifetime in seconds.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("timeout"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Session verification mode.
+     *
+     * Valid modes are VERIFY_NONE, VERIFY_PEER, VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
+     * VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT and defined on OpenSSL::SSL
+     *
+     * The default mode is VERIFY_NONE, which does not perform any verification
+     * at all.
+     *
+     * See SSL_CTX_set_verify(3) for details.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("verify_mode"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Number of CA certificates to walk when verifying a certificate chain.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("verify_depth"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback for additional certificate verification.  The callback is
+     * invoked for each certificate in the chain.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with two values.  _preverify_ok_ indicates
+     * indicates if the verification was passed (+true+) or not (+false+).
+     * _store_context_ is an OpenSSL::X509::StoreContext containing the
+     * context used for certificate verification.
+     *
+     * If the callback returns +false+, the chain verification is immediately
+     * stopped and a bad_certificate alert is then sent.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("verify_callback"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Whether to check the server certificate is valid for the hostname.
+     *
+     * In order to make this work, verify_mode must be set to VERIFY_PEER and
+     * the server hostname must be given by OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#hostname=.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("verify_hostname"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * An OpenSSL::X509::Store used for certificate verification.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("cert_store"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * An Array of extra X509 certificates to be added to the certificate
+     * chain.
+     *
+     * The _cert_, _key_, and _extra_chain_cert_ attributes are deprecated.
+     * It is recommended to use #add_certificate instead.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("extra_chain_cert"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when a client certificate is requested by a server
+     * and no certificate has been set.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with a Session and must return an Array
+     * containing an OpenSSL::X509::Certificate and an OpenSSL::PKey.  If any
+     * other value is returned the handshake is suspended.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("client_cert_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * Sets the context in which a session can be reused.  This allows
+     * sessions for multiple applications to be distinguished, for example, by
+     * name.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("session_id_context"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked on a server when a session is proposed by the client
+     * but the session could not be found in the server's internal cache.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with the SSLSocket and session id.  The
+     * callback may return a Session from an external cache.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("session_get_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when a new session was negotiated.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with an SSLSocket.  If +false+ is returned the
+     * session will be removed from the internal cache.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("session_new_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when a session is removed from the internal cache.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with an SSLContext and a Session.
+     *
+     * IMPORTANT NOTE: It is currently not possible to use this safely in a
+     * multi-threaded application. The callback is called inside a global lock
+     * and it can randomly cause deadlock on Ruby thread switching.
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("session_remove_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked whenever a new handshake is initiated on an
+     * established connection. May be used to disable renegotiation entirely.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with the active SSLSocket. The callback's
+     * return value is ignored. A normal return indicates "approval" of the
+     * renegotiation and will continue the process. To forbid renegotiation
+     * and to cancel the process, raise an exception within the callback.
+     *
+     * === Disable client renegotiation
+     *
+     * When running a server, it is often desirable to disable client
+     * renegotiation entirely. You may use a callback as follows to implement
+     * this feature:
+     *
+     *   ctx.renegotiation_cb = lambda do |ssl|
+     *     raise RuntimeError, "Client renegotiation disabled"
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("renegotiation_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
+    /*
+     * An Enumerable of Strings. Each String represents a protocol to be
+     * advertised as the list of supported protocols for Next Protocol
+     * Negotiation. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.1 and higher. Has no effect
+     * on the client side. If not set explicitly, the NPN extension will
+     * not be sent by the server in the handshake.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.npn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "spdy/2"]
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("npn_protocols"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked on the client side when the client needs to select
+     * a protocol from the list sent by the server. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.1
+     * and higher. The client MUST select a protocol of those advertised by
+     * the server. If none is acceptable, raising an error in the callback
+     * will cause the handshake to fail. Not setting this callback explicitly
+     * means not supporting the NPN extension on the client - any protocols
+     * advertised by the server will be ignored.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.npn_select_cb = lambda do |protocols|
+     *     # inspect the protocols and select one
+     *     protocols.first
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("npn_select_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * An Enumerable of Strings. Each String represents a protocol to be
+     * advertised as the list of supported protocols for Application-Layer
+     * Protocol Negotiation. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.2 and higher. Has no
+     * effect on the server side. If not set explicitly, the ALPN extension will
+     * not be included in the handshake.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.alpn_protocols = ["http/1.1", "spdy/2", "h2"]
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("alpn_protocols"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked on the server side when the server needs to select
+     * a protocol from the list sent by the client. Supported in OpenSSL 1.0.2
+     * and higher. The callback must return a protocol of those advertised by
+     * the client. If none is acceptable, raising an error in the callback
+     * will cause the handshake to fail. Not setting this callback explicitly
+     * means not supporting the ALPN extension on the server - any protocols
+     * advertised by the client will be ignored.
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   ctx.alpn_select_cb = lambda do |protocols|
+     *     # inspect the protocols and select one
+     *     protocols.first
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("alpn_select_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    /*
+     * A callback invoked when TLS key material is generated or received, in
+     * order to allow applications to store this keying material for debugging
+     * purposes.
+     *
+     * The callback is invoked with an SSLSocket and a string containing the
+     * key material in the format used by NSS for its SSLKEYLOGFILE debugging
+     * output.
+     *
+     * It is only compatible with OpenSSL >= 1.1.1. Even if LibreSSL implements
+     * SSL_CTX_set_keylog_callback() from v3.4.2, it does nothing (see
+     * https://github.com/libressl-portable/openbsd/commit/648d39f0f035835d0653342d139883b9661e9cb6).
+     *
+     * === Example
+     *
+     *   context.keylog_cb = proc do |_sock, line|
+     *     File.open('ssl_keylog_file', "a") do |f|
+     *       f.write("#{line}\n")
+     *     end
+     *   end
+     */
+    rb_attr(cSSLContext, rb_intern_const("keylog_cb"), 1, 1, Qfalse);
+
+    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "ssl_timeout", "timeout");
+    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "ssl_timeout=", "timeout=");
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLContext, "set_minmax_proto_version",
+			     ossl_sslctx_set_minmax_proto_version, 2);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers",     ossl_sslctx_get_ciphers, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphers=",    ossl_sslctx_set_ciphers, 1);
+#ifdef HAVE_SSL_CTX_SET_CIPHERSUITES
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ciphersuites=", ossl_sslctx_set_ciphersuites, 1);
+#endif
+#ifndef OPENSSL_NO_DH
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "tmp_dh=", ossl_sslctx_set_tmp_dh, 1);
+#endif
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "ecdh_curves=", ossl_sslctx_set_ecdh_curves, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "security_level", ossl_sslctx_get_security_level, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "security_level=", ossl_sslctx_set_security_level, 1);
+#ifdef SSL_MODE_SEND_FALLBACK_SCSV
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "enable_fallback_scsv", ossl_sslctx_enable_fallback_scsv, 0);
+#endif
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "add_certificate", ossl_sslctx_add_certificate, -1);
+
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "setup", ossl_sslctx_setup, 0);
+    rb_define_alias(cSSLContext, "freeze", "setup");
+
+    /*
+     * No session caching for client or server
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_OFF", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_OFF));
+
+    /*
+     * Client sessions are added to the session cache
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_CLIENT", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_CLIENT)); /* doesn't actually do anything in 0.9.8e */
+
+    /*
+     * Server sessions are added to the session cache
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_SERVER", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_SERVER));
+
+    /*
+     * Both client and server sessions are added to the session cache
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_BOTH", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_BOTH)); /* no different than CACHE_SERVER in 0.9.8e */
+
+    /*
+     * Normally the session cache is checked for expired sessions every 255
+     * connections.  Since this may lead to a delay that cannot be controlled,
+     * the automatic flushing may be disabled and #flush_sessions can be
+     * called explicitly.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_AUTO_CLEAR));
+
+    /*
+     * Always perform external lookups of sessions even if they are in the
+     * internal cache.
+     *
+     * This flag has no effect on clients
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP));
+
+    /*
+     * Never automatically store sessions in the internal store.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE));
+
+    /*
+     * Enables both SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_LOOKUP and
+     * SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL_STORE.
+     */
+    rb_define_const(cSSLContext, "SESSION_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL", LONG2NUM(SSL_SESS_CACHE_NO_INTERNAL));
+
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_add",     ossl_sslctx_session_add, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_remove",     ossl_sslctx_session_remove, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_mode",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_mode, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_mode=",     ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_mode, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_size",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_size, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_size=",     ossl_sslctx_set_session_cache_size, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "session_cache_stats",     ossl_sslctx_get_session_cache_stats, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "flush_sessions",     ossl_sslctx_flush_sessions, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "options",     ossl_sslctx_get_options, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLContext, "options=",     ossl_sslctx_set_options, 1);
+
+    /*
+     * Document-class: OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket
+     */
+    cSSLSocket = rb_define_class_under(mSSL, "SSLSocket", rb_cObject);
+    rb_define_alloc_func(cSSLSocket, ossl_ssl_s_alloc);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "initialize", ossl_ssl_initialize, -1);
+    rb_undef_method(cSSLSocket, "initialize_copy");
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "connect",    ossl_ssl_connect, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "connect_nonblock",    ossl_ssl_connect_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "accept",     ossl_ssl_accept, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "accept_nonblock", ossl_ssl_accept_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "sysread",    ossl_ssl_read, -1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLSocket, "sysread_nonblock",    ossl_ssl_read_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "syswrite",   ossl_ssl_write, 1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLSocket, "syswrite_nonblock",    ossl_ssl_write_nonblock, -1);
+    rb_define_private_method(cSSLSocket, "stop",   ossl_ssl_stop, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "cert",       ossl_ssl_get_cert, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "peer_cert",  ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "peer_cert_chain", ossl_ssl_get_peer_cert_chain, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "ssl_version",    ossl_ssl_get_version, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "cipher",     ossl_ssl_get_cipher, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "state",      ossl_ssl_get_state, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "pending",    ossl_ssl_pending, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "session_reused?",    ossl_ssl_session_reused, 0);
+    /* implementation of OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket#session is in lib/openssl/ssl.rb */
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "session=",    ossl_ssl_set_session, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "verify_result", ossl_ssl_get_verify_result, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "client_ca", ossl_ssl_get_client_ca_list, 0);
+    /* #hostname is defined in lib/openssl/ssl.rb */
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "hostname=", ossl_ssl_set_hostname, 1);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "finished_message", ossl_ssl_get_finished, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "peer_finished_message", ossl_ssl_get_peer_finished, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "tmp_key", ossl_ssl_tmp_key, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "alpn_protocol", ossl_ssl_alpn_protocol, 0);
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "export_keying_material", ossl_ssl_export_keying_material, -1);
+# ifdef OSSL_USE_NEXTPROTONEG
+    rb_define_method(cSSLSocket, "npn_protocol", ossl_ssl_npn_protocol, 0);
+# endif
+
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "VERIFY_NONE", INT2NUM(SSL_VERIFY_NONE));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "VERIFY_PEER", INT2NUM(SSL_VERIFY_PEER));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT", INT2NUM(SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE", INT2NUM(SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE));
+
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_ALL", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_ALL));
+#ifdef SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT /* OpenSSL 3.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_CLEANSE_PLAINTEXT));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT));
+#ifdef SSL_OP_ENABLE_KTLS /* OpenSSL 3.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_ENABLE_KTLS", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_ENABLE_KTLS));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_TLSEXT_PADDING", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_TLSEXT_PADDING));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_SAFARI_ECDHE_ECDSA_BUG));
+#ifdef SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF /* OpenSSL 3.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_IGNORE_UNEXPECTED_EOF));
+#endif
+#ifdef SSL_OP_ALLOW_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION /* OpenSSL 3.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_ALLOW_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_ALLOW_CLIENT_RENEGOTIATION));
+#endif
+#ifdef SSL_OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES /* OpenSSL 3.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_DISABLE_TLSEXT_CA_NAMES));
+#endif
+#ifdef SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_ALLOW_NO_DHE_KEX));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_DONT_INSERT_EMPTY_FRAGMENTS));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_TICKET", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_TICKET));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_COMPRESSION", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_ALLOW_UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION));
+#ifdef SSL_OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_ENCRYPT_THEN_MAC));
+#endif
+#ifdef SSL_OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_ENABLE_MIDDLEBOX_COMPAT));
+#endif
+#ifdef SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_PRIORITIZE_CHACHA));
+#endif
+#ifdef SSL_OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_ANTI_REPLAY));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_SSLv3", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1_1", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_1));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1_2", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_2));
+#ifdef SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3 /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_TLSv1_3", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_TLSv1_3));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_TLS_ROLLBACK_BUG));
+#ifdef SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_RENEGOTIATION));
+#endif
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_CRYPTOPRO_TLSEXT_BUG));
+
+    /* SSL_OP_* flags for DTLS */
+#if 0
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_QUERY_MTU", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_QUERY_MTU));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_COOKIE_EXCHANGE));
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_CISCO_ANYCONNECT));
+#endif
+
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_SESS_ID_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CHALLENGE_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 0.9.8q and 1.0.0c. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_REUSE_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.0.1h and 1.0.2. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_SSLREF2_REUSE_CERT_TYPE_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_MICROSOFT_BIG_SSLV3_BUFFER));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 0.9.7h and 0.9.8b. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_MSIE_SSLV2_RSA_PADDING));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_SSLEAY_080_CLIENT_DH_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_TLS_D5_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_TLS_D5_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_TLS_BLOCK_PADDING_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_SINGLE_DH_USE", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_SINGLE_DH_USE));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.0.1k and 1.0.2. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_EPHEMERAL_RSA));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NO_SSLv2", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.0.1. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_1));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.0.1. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_PKCS1_CHECK_2));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_CA_DN_BUG));
+    /* Deprecated in OpenSSL 1.1.0. */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG", ULONG2NUM(SSL_OP_NETSCAPE_DEMO_CIPHER_CHANGE_BUG));
+
+
+    /*
+     * SSL/TLS version constants. Used by SSLContext#min_version= and
+     * #max_version=
+     */
+    /* SSL 2.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "SSL2_VERSION", INT2NUM(SSL2_VERSION));
+    /* SSL 3.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "SSL3_VERSION", INT2NUM(SSL3_VERSION));
+    /* TLS 1.0 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "TLS1_VERSION", INT2NUM(TLS1_VERSION));
+    /* TLS 1.1 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "TLS1_1_VERSION", INT2NUM(TLS1_1_VERSION));
+    /* TLS 1.2 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "TLS1_2_VERSION", INT2NUM(TLS1_2_VERSION));
+#ifdef TLS1_3_VERSION /* OpenSSL 1.1.1 */
+    /* TLS 1.3 */
+    rb_define_const(mSSL, "TLS1_3_VERSION", INT2NUM(TLS1_3_VERSION));
+#endif
+
+
+    sym_exception = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("exception"));
+    sym_wait_readable = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("wait_readable"));
+    sym_wait_writable = ID2SYM(rb_intern_const("wait_writable"));
+
+    id_tmp_dh_callback = rb_intern_const("tmp_dh_callback");
+    id_npn_protocols_encoded = rb_intern_const("npn_protocols_encoded");
+    id_each = rb_intern_const("each");
+
+#define DefIVarID(name) do \
+    id_i_##name = rb_intern_const("@"#name); while (0)
+
+    DefIVarID(cert_store);
+    DefIVarID(ca_file);
+    DefIVarID(ca_path);
+    DefIVarID(verify_mode);
+    DefIVarID(verify_depth);
+    DefIVarID(verify_callback);
+    DefIVarID(client_ca);
+    DefIVarID(renegotiation_cb);
+    DefIVarID(cert);
+    DefIVarID(key);
+    DefIVarID(extra_chain_cert);
+    DefIVarID(client_cert_cb);
+    DefIVarID(timeout);
+    DefIVarID(session_id_context);
+    DefIVarID(session_get_cb);
+    DefIVarID(session_new_cb);
+    DefIVarID(session_remove_cb);
+    DefIVarID(npn_select_cb);
+    DefIVarID(npn_protocols);
+    DefIVarID(alpn_protocols);
+    DefIVarID(alpn_select_cb);
+    DefIVarID(servername_cb);
+    DefIVarID(verify_hostname);
+    DefIVarID(keylog_cb);
+
+    DefIVarID(io);
+    DefIVarID(context);
+    DefIVarID(hostname);
+#endif /* !defined(OPENSSL_NO_SOCK) */
+}