zeroclick-sellers 0.1.0

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data/LICENSE

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data/README.md

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+# zeroclick-sellers
+
+The ZeroClick billing guard for Ruby backends. It verifies that a request really
+came from ZeroClick, checks that the buyer can pay **before** you do the work,
+builds the refusal responses ZeroClick expects, and reports what was used.
+
+Ships Rack middleware, so it works in Rails, Sinatra, Hanami and Roda alike —
+Rails is a Rack app.
+
+```ruby
+# config.ru — or config/application.rb under Rails
+require "zeroclick/sellers"
+
+SELLER = ZeroClick::Sellers.create(
+  api_key: ENV.fetch("ZEROCLICK_API_KEY"),
+  signing_secrets: ZeroClick::Sellers.secrets_from_env
+)
+
+# The service slug is per-route, not per-client: one process can serve several.
+use ZeroClick::Sellers::Middleware::Meter,
+    seller: SELLER,
+    service_slug: "extractor",
+    usage: [ZeroClick::Sellers::UsageItem.new(meter_slug: "requests", quantity: 1)]
+
+run ->(env) { [200, { "content-type" => "application/json" }, ['{"ok":true}']] }
+```
+
+That is the whole integration for a fixed-price endpoint. The middleware
+verifies the signature, refuses unpayable requests with a `402`, and — only if
+your app answers `2xx` — reports the usage on the way out.
+
+## Install
+
+```ruby
+gem "zeroclick-sellers"
+```
+
+Requires Ruby 3.1+. **No runtime dependencies**: the core is stdlib-only
+(`openssl`, `json`, `net/http`), and the Rack middleware is duck-typed, so
+adding this gem cannot change how anything else in your bundle resolves.
+
+## Configuration
+
+```ruby
+SELLER = ZeroClick::Sellers.create(
+  api_key: ENV.fetch("ZEROCLICK_API_KEY"),
+  signing_secrets: ZeroClick::Sellers.secrets_from_env
+)
+```
+
+`ZEROCLICK_SIGNING_SECRETS` is formatted `kid1:secret1,kid2:secret2`. It is a
+map rather than a single secret because during a rotation both the old and the
+new `kid` must verify, or every in-flight request fails.
+
+| Option | Default | Why you would change it |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| `api_key` | — | A both-scopes credential. |
+| `usage_read_key` / `usage_write_key` | falls back to `api_key` | Split by direction when a separate worker reports usage. |
+| `signing_secrets` | — | A `kid => secret` map. Exactly one of this or `resolve_signing_secret`. |
+| `resolve_signing_secret` | — | A callable, when secrets live in a vault rather than the environment. |
+| `allowance_unavailable_policy` | `"allow"` | `"deny"` or `"throw"` if serving unbilled work during an outage is worse than refusing. |
+| `check_timeout_seconds` | `1.5` | The allowance check sits in your request path. |
+| `on_allowance_unavailable` | — | A callable, to alert on fail-open events. |
+
+### Fail open, but only after verification
+
+If the allowance API cannot give an answer, `allowance_unavailable_policy`
+decides: serve it (`"allow"`, the default), refuse with `503` (`"deny"`), or
+raise (`"throw"`).
+
+The policy is applied **only after a signature verifies**. A fail-open allowance
+policy never becomes a fail-open signature policy — an unsigned request is
+refused regardless.
+
+An `Allow` reached this way reports `allowance == "unavailable"` rather than
+`"allowed"`, so you can log or meter it.
+
+## Rails
+
+The Railtie is opt-in, so the gem stays usable without Rails on the load path.
+
+```ruby
+# config/application.rb
+require "zeroclick/sellers/railtie"
+
+config.zeroclick.api_key = ENV.fetch("ZEROCLICK_API_KEY")
+config.zeroclick.signing_secrets = ZeroClick::Sellers.secrets_from_env
+
+# No seller: here. config.middleware.use evaluates its arguments in the
+# Application class body, which runs BEFORE the initializer that reads
+# config.zeroclick — so no client exists yet. Omit it and the middleware
+# resolves ZeroClick::Sellers.seller on the first request instead.
+config.middleware.use ZeroClick::Sellers::Middleware::Meter,
+  service_slug: "extractor",
+  usage: [ZeroClick::Sellers::UsageItem.new(meter_slug: "requests", quantity: 1)]
+```
+
+Verified against Rails 8.1: this boots, and an unsigned request is refused with
+`401` by the guard.
+
+In **development only**, `ActionDispatch::HostAuthorization` sits at the top of
+the stack and answers `403` before the guard is ever reached, so a local tunnel
+or any non-localhost `Host` needs allowing:
+
+```ruby
+config.hosts << "my-tunnel.ngrok.app" # development only
+```
+
+It is absent from the production stack, so a deployed app needs nothing here.
+
+In a controller, the verified caller is on the request env:
+
+```ruby
+zc = request.env["zeroclick.context"]
+zc.zc_agent_id   # the buyer
+zc.zc_request_id # correlates with ZeroClick's logs — use it for idempotency
+```
+
+## Guarding without the middleware
+
+When the charge depends on the request, guard inside the action instead:
+
+```ruby
+request = ZeroClick::Sellers::Middleware.request_from_env(env).first
+decision = SELLER.guard(
+  request,
+  service_slug: "extractor",
+  usage: [ZeroClick::Sellers::UsageItem.new(meter_slug: "requests", quantity: pages)]
+)
+
+unless decision.allow?
+  return [decision.response.status, decision.response.headers, [decision.response.body]]
+end
+```
+
+`guard_identity` is the same for a free endpoint that still needs to know which
+buyer is calling. It makes no network call.
+
+## Reporting variable usage
+
+`Meter` settles usage from what it declared, so it requires an explicit
+`quantity` on every item and refuses the rest **at wire-up**. A `max_quantity`
+ceiling — or an item with neither quantity nor ceiling — has no settled amount,
+and inventing one would silently mis-bill a delivered `200`. Both forms are
+still fine for `guard`, which only asks whether the buyer could pay.
+
+For work whose cost is unknown until it is done, declare the fixed part in the
+middleware and report the rest afterwards:
+
+```ruby
+SELLER.report_usage(
+  zc_agent_id: zc.zc_agent_id,
+  idempotency_key: "extract:#{zc.zc_request_id}", # seller-owned, derived
+  service_slug: "extractor",
+  meter_slug: "tokens",
+  quantity: tokens_used
+)
+```
+
+The idempotency key is yours to derive and must be stable for the request. The
+SDK never invents one and never retries on your behalf — a retry that changed
+the key would double-bill.
+
+## Behaviour worth knowing
+
+- **Verify first, always.** Every entry point verifies `zc-signature` before
+  anything else. The signature is an HMAC-SHA256 over the raw request bytes.
+- **Decisions, not exceptions.** A guard returns `Allow` or `Deny`; `Deny#response`
+  is ready to return. `ZeroClick::Sellers::Error` is reserved for what you got
+  wrong or what the environment did.
+- **Only delivered responses are billed.** A non-2xx answer gets no `zc-usage`.
+- **The body still reads.** Verification must consume `rack.input`; the
+  middleware replaces it with a fresh stream over the same bytes. It does not
+  rely on `#rewind`, which Rack 3 no longer guarantees.
+- **Bodies are bounded.** 10 MiB by default (`max_body_bytes:`). Verification
+  covers the whole body, so it must be buffered — and an attacker needs no valid
+  signature to make you buffer.
+- **Raw targets matter.** The signature covers the percent-encoded target. The
+  middleware prefers `REQUEST_URI` (Puma sets it) over the decoded `PATH_INFO`;
+  behind a server that decodes, a route containing `%2F` cannot verify.
+
+## Development
+
+```sh
+bundle install
+bundle exec rake test
+```
+
+The suite executes the shared wire vectors in `test/vectors/`, generated
+independently of any SDK, so passing means this implementation matches the spec
+rather than matching itself.
+
+## License
+
+Apache-2.0.

data/lib/zeroclick/sellers/client.rb

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+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "contracts"
+require_relative "errors"
+require_relative "responses"
+require_relative "usage"
+require_relative "verify"
+
+module ZeroClick
+  module Sellers
+    # The facade a seller uses. Blocking, because Ruby web apps are.
+    class Client
+      # Usage keys can be split by direction: the read key covers allowance
+      # checks (#guard, #check_allowance), the write key covers usage reporting —
+      # often a separate process, such as a Sidekiq worker. +api_key+ remains a
+      # single both-scopes credential and backfills either side.
+      #
+      # Provide exactly one of +signing_secrets+ (Hash of kid => secret) or
+      # +resolve_signing_secret+ (callable taking a kid).
+      #
+      # +allowance_unavailable_policy+ decides what happens when the allowance
+      # API fails to give an answer: "allow" (default), "deny" or "throw". It is
+      # applied only AFTER a signature verifies, which is what keeps a fail-open
+      # allowance policy from becoming a fail-open signature policy.
+      def initialize(api_key: nil,
+                     usage_read_key: nil,
+                     usage_write_key: nil,
+                     signing_secrets: nil,
+                     resolve_signing_secret: nil,
+                     api_base_url: DEFAULT_API_BASE_URL,
+                     tolerance_seconds: DEFAULT_TOLERANCE_SECONDS,
+                     allowance_unavailable_policy: "allow",
+                     check_timeout_seconds: DEFAULT_CHECK_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+                     on_allowance_unavailable: nil,
+                     clock: -> { Time.now.to_i },
+                     # The transport, injectable so every decision this class
+                     # makes about a response is testable without a socket.
+                     # Must return [status, body] or raise Error.
+                     http_post: Usage.method(:post))
+        usage_read_key ||= api_key
+        usage_write_key ||= api_key
+
+        if usage_read_key.nil? || usage_read_key.empty?
+          raise Error.new("malformed_input", operation: "create",
+                                             message: "Provide usage_read_key (or a both-scopes api_key) for allowance checks")
+        end
+        if usage_write_key.nil? || usage_write_key.empty?
+          raise Error.new("malformed_input", operation: "create",
+                                             message: "Provide usage_write_key (or a both-scopes api_key) for usage reporting")
+        end
+        if signing_secrets.nil? == resolve_signing_secret.nil?
+          raise Error.new("malformed_input", operation: "create",
+                                             message: "Provide exactly one of signing_secrets or resolve_signing_secret")
+        end
+        if !signing_secrets.nil? && signing_secrets.empty?
+          raise Error.new("malformed_input", operation: "create",
+                                             message: "At least one signing secret is required")
+        end
+        unless ALLOWANCE_UNAVAILABLE_POLICIES.include?(allowance_unavailable_policy.to_s)
+          raise Error.new("malformed_input", operation: "create",
+                                             message: "allowance_unavailable_policy must be allow, deny or throw")
+        end
+
+        @usage_read_key = usage_read_key
+        @usage_write_key = usage_write_key
+        @signing_secrets = signing_secrets&.to_h&.freeze
+        @resolve_signing_secret = resolve_signing_secret
+        @api_base_url = api_base_url
+        @tolerance_seconds = tolerance_seconds
+        @policy = allowance_unavailable_policy.to_s
+        @timeout = check_timeout_seconds
+        @on_allowance_unavailable = on_allowance_unavailable
+        @clock = clock
+        @http_post = http_post
+        freeze
+      end
+
+      def verify_request(request)
+        Verify.call(
+          request,
+          signing_secrets: @signing_secrets,
+          resolve_signing_secret: @resolve_signing_secret,
+          tolerance_seconds: @tolerance_seconds,
+          clock: @clock
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Verify, then check the buyer can pay for +usage+ before you do the work.
+      #
+      # Returns Allow or Deny. Deny#response is ready to return as-is.
+      def guard(request, service_slug:, usage:, plan_slug: nil)
+        items = Sellers.normalize_usage(usage, operation: "guard", allow_empty: false)
+        verification = verify_request(request)
+        return Deny.new(verification.reason, verification.response) unless verification.ok?
+
+        begin
+          status, body = @http_post.call(
+            base_url: @api_base_url,
+            path: Usage::CHECK_PATH,
+            api_key: @usage_read_key,
+            payload: Usage.build_check_payload(
+              zc_request_id: verification.context.zc_request_id,
+              service_slug: service_slug,
+              usage: items
+            ),
+            timeout: @timeout,
+            operation: "check_allowance"
+          )
+          decision = Usage.interpret_check(status, body)
+        rescue Error => e
+          return on_allowance_error(e, verification.context)
+        end
+
+        return Allow.new(verification.context, "allowed") if decision.allowed?
+
+        Deny.new(
+          decision.reason || "allowance_denied",
+          Responses.payment_required(service_slug: service_slug, usage: items, plan_slug: plan_slug)
+        )
+      end
+
+      # Guard a free endpoint that must still know which buyer is calling.
+      # Makes no network call.
+      def guard_identity(request, service_slug:)
+        verification = verify_request(request)
+        return Deny.new(verification.reason, verification.response) unless verification.ok?
+
+        agent_id = verification.context.zc_agent_id
+        if agent_id.nil? || agent_id.empty?
+          return Deny.new("identity_required", Responses.payment_required(service_slug: service_slug, usage: []))
+        end
+
+        Allow.new(verification.context, "not_required")
+      end
+
+      def check_allowance(zc_request_id:, service_slug:, usage:)
+        status, body = @http_post.call(
+          base_url: @api_base_url,
+          path: Usage::CHECK_PATH,
+          api_key: @usage_read_key,
+          payload: Usage.build_check_payload(
+            zc_request_id: zc_request_id, service_slug: service_slug, usage: usage
+          ),
+          timeout: @timeout,
+          operation: "check_allowance"
+        )
+        Usage.interpret_check(status, body)
+      end
+
+      # Report usage asynchronously. +idempotency_key+ is seller-owned and must
+      # be derived from the request — the SDK never invents one, and never
+      # retries on your behalf.
+      def report_usage(zc_agent_id:, idempotency_key:, service_slug:, meter_slug:, quantity:, occurred_at: nil)
+        status, body = @http_post.call(
+          base_url: @api_base_url,
+          path: Usage::REPORT_PATH,
+          api_key: @usage_write_key,
+          payload: Usage.build_report_payload(
+            zc_agent_id: zc_agent_id,
+            idempotency_key: idempotency_key,
+            service_slug: service_slug,
+            meter_slug: meter_slug,
+            quantity: quantity,
+            occurred_at: occurred_at
+          ),
+          timeout: @timeout,
+          operation: "report_usage"
+        )
+        Usage.interpret_report(status, body)
+      end
+
+      # -- response helpers --------------------------------------------------
+
+      def payment_required(service_slug:, usage:, plan_slug: nil)
+        Responses.payment_required(service_slug: service_slug, usage: usage, plan_slug: plan_slug)
+      end
+
+      def with_usage(response, usage)
+        Responses.with_usage(response, usage)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      # Apply the configured policy to an allowance-API failure. Reached only
+      # after a signature has verified.
+      def on_allowance_error(error, context)
+        raise error unless ALLOWANCE_API_ERROR_CODES.include?(error.code)
+
+        @on_allowance_unavailable&.call(error)
+
+        case @policy
+        when "throw" then raise error
+        when "deny" then Deny.new("allowance_unavailable", Responses.allowance_unavailable)
+        else Allow.new(context, "unavailable")
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end